Body Systems Flip Book

Body Systems Flip Book By: Lexi Perez

Table of ContentsIntegumentary Table of ContentsMusculoskeletalNervousSpecial SystemsCardiovascularRespiratoryDigestiveUrinaryReproductive

Integumentary: Abnormal Conditions:Functions: ● Acne vulgaris: pimples● Protect from UV rays ● Athlete’s foot: A contagious fungal skin infection caused by a species of● Regulate body temperature Trichophyton or Epidermophyton that usually affects the feet ● Produce vitamin D ● Eczema: skin inflammation ● Excrete salt ● Dermatitis: skin inflammation ● Stores materials Health Careers:Key Terms: Dermatologist- specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin. Cosmetic Surgeon- Specializes in surgical restoration and reconstruction of body systems.derm/o, dermat/o: Skin Vocab:kerat/o: cornea, hard horney tissue 1. Contusion: a bruisexer/o: dry, dryness 2. Skin: external covering of bodyxanth/o: yellow 3. Pustule: a small blister or pimple on the skin containing puserythr/o: red 4. Nails: covering on the upper surface of the tip of the finger and toespedicu/o: louse 5. Dermis: the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis that forms the trueonycho/o: nail (of fingers and toes) skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, andmyc/o: fungus other structures. 6. Keratin: an insoluble protein that makes up hair and nailspil/o: hair 7. Burn: injury caused by the exposure of heatlip/o: fat, lipid 8. Cyst: a membranous sac or cavity of abnormal character containing fluid.rhytido/o: wrinkle 9. Papule: a small, raised, solid pimple or swelling, often forming part of a rash on thealbino/o: white skin and typically inflamed but not producing pus 10. Nodule: small swelling of cells in the body Table of Contents

Musculoskeletal: Health Careers: Orthopedic Surgeon- treats injuries involving bones, joints,Functions: muscles, and tendons. ● Movement Sports Medicine- treats sports related injuries of the ● Protects vital organs ● Supports bodyKey Terms: bones, joints and muscles.my/o: muscle Vocab:myel/o: spinal cord, bone marrow 1. Abduction: moves away from the midlineoste/o: bone 2. Flexion: (bending) decreases an angle as in bendingcost/o: ribcrani/o: skull a joint-pexy: fixation, to put into plane 3. Elevation: raises a body partchondr/o: cartilage 4. Rotation: turns a bone on its own axisarthr/o: joint 5. Supination: turns the palm upward or inward-plegia: pain 6. Dorsiflexion: bends the foot upward at the ankle-kinesio: movement 7. Adduction: moves towards the midline Extension: (straightening) increases an angle as inAbnormal Conditions: 8. straightening a joint Depression: lowers a body part● Hernia: part of organ protrudes through the Circumduction: turns at the far end wall of a cavity containing it 9.● Tendonitis: inflammation of the tendon● Sprain: stretching or tearing of ligaments 10.● Fibromyalgia: widespread musculoskeletalsprain Table of Contents

Nervous:Functions: Health Careers:● Coordinates and controls all bodily activities Anesthesiologist- physician who specializes in administeringKey Terms: anesthetic agents before and after surgery.neur/o: nerve neurosurgeon- physician who specializes in surgery of the nervousencephal/o: brain system.myel/o: spinal cord Vocab:ambu/o: 1. Cerebrum: anterior part of brain-esthesia: feeling 2. Thalamus: 2 masses of grey matter that relays sensorymening/o: membrane informationpsych/o: mind 3. Hypothalamus: coordinates both the autonomic nervousconcuss/o: shaken together system and the activity of the pituitaryAbnormal Conditions: 4. Cerebellum: coordinates and regulates muscle activity● Alzheimer: deterioration of the brain 5. Pons: links medulla oblongata and thalamus● Parkinson’s disease: a progressive disease of 6. Medulla oblongata: continuation of the spinal cord within thethe nervous system marked by tremor, skullmuscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise 7. Serotonin: compound present in blood palettesmovement 8. Endorphins: hormones secreted from the brain● Tetanus: a bacterial disease marked by 9. Autonomic nervous system: controls body functionsrigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles 10. Spinal nerves: carries motor sensory and autonomic signals● Amnesia: partial or total loss of memory between the spinal cord and body Table of Contents

Health Careers:Special Senses: Optometrist- specializes in the measuring of theFunctions: accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective ● Eyes: to see lenses are needed. ● Ears: to hear Otolaryngologist- specializes in the study of the ear, nose ● Nose: to smell and throat● Tongue: to taste Vocab:Key Terms: 1. Choroid: pigmented vascular layer of the eyeballirid/o: iris 2. Pupil: dark circular opening in the center of the eye-cusis: hearing 3. Iris: a flat, colored, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the-iopia:ot/o: Ear eye, with an adjustable circular openingtympan/o: eardrum (pupil) in the center.opthalm/o: eye 4. Retina: located in the back of eye, triggers nerve impulses-metry: process of measuring 5. Snellen chart: used to measure visual acuityAbnormal Conditions: 6. Lens: changes focal distance in the eye ● Color blindness: reduced ability to 7. Conjunctiva: the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye distinguish colors and lines the inside of the eyelids.● Deafness: total or partial hearing loss● Astigmatism: common imperfection of 8. Eyelashes: protects eye from dust particlesthe eyes curvature 9. Eyebrows: strip of hair growing on a person's eye socket● Tinnitus: ringing or buzzing in the ears 10. Cornea: transparent layer forming the front of the eye Table of Contents

Cardiovascular Abnormal Conditions:Functions: ● Coronary artery disease: hardening of the artery● Transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to ● Heart failure: when heart doesn’t pump as well cells throughout body ● Heart valve disease: valve doesn’t close tight ● Removal of metabolic waste ● Pericarditis: rare condition where the liningKey Terms:cardi/o: heart surrounding your heart gets inflamedangi/o: vessel (blood) Health Careers: Cardiologist: heart doctor, diagonses all heart diseases Cardiac surgeon: surgical treatment of organs inside thehem/o, hemat/o: blood thoracic cavity, generally heart and lungsbrady-: slow Vocab:tachy-: fastthromb/o: clot 1. Aorta- Largest artery in body-emia: blood condition 2. Arteriole- small arteryleuk/o: white 3. Artery- carries blood away from heart 4. Atrium- chamber in heart 5. Atria- upper chamber in hearteryth/o: red 6. Murmur- abnormal sound in heartarteri/o: artery 7. Myocardium- muscular, middle layer of heart 8. Pulse- beat of heart felt through walls 9. Valve- close opening so blood flows in one direction 10. Vein- carries blood back to heart Table of Contents

Respiratory Abnormal Conditions: ● Pneumonia: inflammation of lung tubesFunctions: ● Influenza: infection of upper and lower respiratory tract● Allows body to breathe ● Asthma: inflammation of airways are prone to restrict● Exchange oxygen throughout breathingbody ● Sleep apnea: pauses in breathing during sleepKey Terms: Health Careers:bronch/o: bronchial tubes Respiratory therapist: trained in advanced airway management Pulmonologist: specializes in diagnosing diseases in the lungscyan/o: blue Vocab:laryng/o: voice box 1. Nares: opening through nose carrying nose into nasal-oxia: oxygen cavity 2. Cilia: thin hairs lining respiratory tractOxy: oxygen 3. Pharynx: throatpleur/o: pleura 4. Nasopharynx: contains tonsilspneum/o: lung, air 5. Larynx: voice box 6. Esophagus: carries food to be digestedpulmon/o: lung 7. Alveolus: Air sac in the lungsthorac/o: chest 8. Apex: tip portion of the lungstrache/o: windpipe 9. Base: lower part of lung 10. Diaphragm: contracts to pull air into the lungs Table of Contents

Digestive Abnormal Conditions:Functions: ● Gingivitis: inflammation of the gums ● intake and digestion of food ● absorption of nutrients from digested ● Gastritis: inflammation of the stomach foods ● elimination of solid waste products ● obesity: excessive accumulation of fat in the bodyKey Terms: ● Gastrorrhexis: rupture of the stomachcholecyst/o: gallbladderenter/o: small intestine Health Careers:col/o colon/o: colon, large intestinehepat/o: liver Gastroenterologist- specializes in diagnosing and treatinggastr/o: stomach, bellyor/o: mouth, oral cavity disorders and diseases of the stomach and intestines-pepsia: digest, digestionchol/e: bile, gall Internist- specializes in diagnosing and treating disordersproct/o: anus, rectum and diseases of the internal organs Vocab: 1. Palate: roof of the mouth 2. Lips: form the opening to the oral cavity 3. Tongue: very strong and flexible, moves food when chewing 4. Crown: visible part of tooth 5. Root: holds tooth securely in place 6. Pylorus: narrow passage connecting stomach and small intestine 7. Cecum: pouch that lies on right side of abdomen 8. Metabolism: sum of anabolism and catabolism 9. Enzymes: chemical changes that break down food 10. Pancreas: feather shaped organ located posterior to Table of Contents the stomach

Urinary Abnormal Conditions: ● nephrolithiasis- abnormal mineral depositFunctions: ● cystitis- inflammation of the bladder● maintains the balance of water, salts and acids in ● nocturia- excessive urination during the night ● incontinence- inability to control excretory functionsbody fluids by removing excess fluids from body Health Careers:or reabsorbing water as needed nephrologist- specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases● constantly filters blood to remove urea and other of the kidneyswaste materials from the bloodstream urologist- specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases of● converts waste products into urine the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of malesKey Terms: Vocab:-cele: hernia, tumor, swelling 1. renal pelvis: pertaining to the kidney 2. renal cortex: outer layer of kidney-lysis: breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, 3. medulla: inner layer of kidneyloosening 4. urochrome: pigment that gives urine it's normal yellow-amber orcyst/o: urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid straw color 5. urethra: tube extending from the bladder to the outside bodynephr/o: kidney 6. urination: process of the excretion of urineren/o: kidney 7. dialysis: procedure to remove waste products from the blood of-uria: urination, urine patients whose kidneys no longer function 8. ureters: carries urine from kidney to urine bladders-pexy: surgical fixation 9. glomerulus: cluster of capillaries surrounded by a membrane called-ectasis: stretching, dilation, enlargement the Bowman’s Capsulepyel/o: renal pelvis, bowl of kidney 10. urea: major waste product of protein metabolism Table of Contents

Reproductive Abnormal Conditions:Functions: Amenorrhea-Absence of normal menstruation flow ● Sex organs that work together for sexual Benign prostatic hypertrophy- Enlargement of the prostate causing reproduction inability to empty bladder completely.Key Terms:Cervic/o: Neck, Cervix Chlamydia-Sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria of theSalping/o: Fallopian TubeOv/o: Egg genus chlamydiaOrchid/o: TestisOophor/o: Ovary Dysmenorrhea- painful menstrual flow.Men/o: MenstruationMamm/o: Breast Careers:Gynec/o: Woman/FemaleColp/o: Vagina Gynecologist-Deals with health of female reproductive system.Prostat/o: Prostate Gland Andrologist-Deals with the health of male reproductive system. Vocab: 1. Areola:Small Circular area around nipple 2. Breast:Glandular organs on the chest 3. Cervix:Opening of the uterus 4. Estrogen:Female steroid sex hormones 5. Fallopian Tube:Tube egg passes through after released from the ovaries 6. Fertilization: Female and Male reproductive cells join to make a new cell 7. Foreskin: Fold of skin covering tip of Penis 8. Fundus: part farthest from opening of an Organ 9. Infertility: incapable 10. Mastectomy: Surgical removal of a breast Table of Contents