Language notes

‫ملاحـظـــــات لـــــغــوية‬ 1. another & other & others another + ‫ اسم مفرد يعد‬/ one (= one more / a different one) ► This tea is nice. I’d like another cup. ► He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one.  another + (few / number : two, three,….) ► The woman lived for another ten days. ► I’d like to stay here for another few weeks. one another = each other Aya and Alaa have known one another for years. another of + ‫ اسم الجمع‬The gold watch was a present from another of his girlfriends. from one to another She spends the day moving from meeting to another.  other + ‫اسم جمع يعد‬/ (‫)و أحيانا اسم لا يعد‬ ► I need to discuss this with other colleagues. ► There was certainly other information. )‫( لا تجمع‬  others + v. ‫يمكن أن تأتى في نهاية الجملة‬ ► Some people are rich; others ‫ البعض الأخر‬are poor. ► Some writers are greater than others ‫الآخرين‬. the / some / every / each / many / any / no / (two, three,..) ‫فيي حالية وجيود أحيد الكلميات ا تيية‬ ► Please, John, bring the other chairs here. :other ‫يستخدم بعدها‬ ► I love my son like any other mother does. ► He gave me one book and kept the other one. ► Steven and three other boys went to the party. another + few / ‫ عدد‬+ ‫اسم جمع‬ ‫آخر‬ I'd like to extend my stay for another three weeks. I'd like to stay in Cairo for another few days.  the other + ‫اسم مفرد يعد‬ I don’t want this shirt. Give me the other one. 2. Most & The most Most & The most Like / enjoy ----------------best/most ► Which school subject do you like most? ► I like English best. Most = nearly all / almost all Most students passed the test. = Nearly all students passed the test most = very  I'm most interested in languages. the most + adj.  The computer is the most important invention in the 20th century. Make the most of = ‫يحقق أقصي استفادة من‬  He gave me advice on how to make the most of my computer 3. Anniversary – memory – memorial - souvenir   Anniversary: ‫ذكري سنوية‬  They celebrated their 20th wedding anniversary yesterday. 1

  memory: ) ‫ ذاكرة (لاتعد‬/)‫ذكري(تعد وتجمع ذكريات‬   School is just a distant memory for me now.  This man has an amazing memory.   memorial: ‫نُصب تذكاري‬  The statue was erected as a memorial to those who died in the war.   souvenir: ‫هدية تذكارية‬ well-known  We brought back a few souvenirs from our holiday in Greece. Cententary ‫ذكرى مئوية‬ - Next month is the cententary of the king's death. 4. Repair - Reform Repair - Reform  Repair: ‫يقوم بإصلاح شيء حدث به ضرر أو تلف‬  They had to repair the roof after the storm.  Reform: ‫يقوم بإدخال تعديل أو تحسين علي نظام معين‬  We really need to reform our educational system. 5. Affect – Effect Affect – Effect  Affect (V.) ‫ = يؤثر علي‬have an effect on  I was deeply affected by the film.  The film had a deep effect on me. :‫ كفعل بمعني يُحدث أو يسبب‬effect ‫۩ أحيانا تُستخدم‬  He effected several changes in the company. 6. Location - destination  location ‫ مكان‬/ ‫ موضع‬/ ‫موقع‬  destination )‫الجهة المقصودة (فى السفر‬  site ‫موقع اثرى \\ موقع انشاء‬ Ex: The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake. Our flight will reach our destination at 7 p.m. The police surrounded the site for fear of explosion. 7. Explore - invent - discover  explore )‫ احتمالات‬/ ‫يستكشف (مكان‬  invent )‫يخترع (شئ لم يكن له وجود من قبل‬  discover ‫يكتشف (شئ كان موجودا من قبل و لكنه كان مجهولا‬ Ex: The best way to explore the countryside is on foot. The artificial satellite was invented in 1957. Christopher Columbus discovered America. 8. Route - road  route )‫ وسيلة (لتحقيق هدف‬/ )‫طريق (من مكان الى اخر‬  road )‫طريق (سطح صلب طويل ممهد تسير عليع سائل النقل‬ Ex: I live on a bus route so I can easily get to work. Hard work is the best route to success. We live on a quiet road. 9. Arrive - arrive at - arrive in- reach- get to 2

 arrive )‫يصل ( لا يليه مفعول به‬  arrive at (school / the station/ the airport…) )‫يصل إلى (مكان صغير محدود‬  arrive in (Cairo, London, Italy) )‫ مدينة كبيرة‬/ ‫ عاصمة‬/ ‫يصل إلى (دولة‬  reach ‫يصل إلى (يليه مفعول به) لا يستخدم معها حرف جر‬ ۩ reach a decision ‫ يصل لقرار‬/ a conclusion ‫يتوصل لنتيجة‬ Ex: The plane has just arrived. The plane arrived at Cairo Airport on time. The plane arrived in Cairo on time. I won't reach the office till noon today get to ) ‫يصل الى ( مكان كبير أو صغير غالبا بصعوبة‬ * At last, I got to the peak of the mountain. 10. reason (n) for - reason (n) why - queue = line -row  reason (n) for ing ‫ مب ِّرر( يليها اسم أو فعل ينتهى بـ‬/ ‫سبب‬  reason (n) why )‫ مبرر (يليها جملة تتكون من فاعل و فعل‬/ ‫سبب‬  cause (v) ‫يسبب‬  cause (n) of ) ‫سبب (يليها اسم‬ Ex: I don’t know the reason for his failure. I don't know the reason why he failed. What caused the fire? What was the cause of the fire? 11. queue- line queue = line )‫طابور (يقف فيه الناس واحدا تلو ا خر‬ row )‫صف (من الناس أو الأشياء جنبا إلى جنب‬ Ex: There is a long queue in front of the ticket office. I’d like to sit in the second row. 12. be based on - be based in  be based on ‫يكون معتمد أو قائم علي‬  be based in )‫يكون مقره في (مكان معين‬ ● The company is based in New York. ● His novel was based on real life.  politics )‫السياسة (الخاصة بالدولة ونظام الحكم‬ policy ‫مبدأ أو قاعدة يسير عليها الفرد أو العمل‬ ● He was interested in politics and was a good speaker. ● Honesty is the best policy. 13. Hero - Champion  Hero ‫ بطل قصة أو رواية أو شخص قام بعمل عظيم‬ Champion ‫بطل رياضي عادة‬ ● The hero of the novel is ten-year-old boy. ● He is the world basketball champion. 14. alike - like-  Be alike ‫ = متشابه‬look alike ‫يبدو متشابه‬  be like )‫مثل (أداة تشبيه‬  like (v) ‫يحب‬  look like ‫يشبه‬  unlike ‫علي عكس‬ ● She is not like her sister. = She is different from her ● The two brothers are very alike. sister. ● He likes ice cream very much. ● She looks like her mother. ● Unlike his brother, he was very friendly. 15. Kidnap - hijack - snatch 3

 Kidnap = abduct ‫يختطف شخص‬  hijack ‫يختطف سفينة أو طائرة‬  snatch ‫يخطف شيء من شخص‬ ● Two businessmen have been kidnapped by terrorists. ● The plane was hijacked by two armed men. ● She snatched the gun from his hand. He grabbed his child's arm to stop her from running into the road. 16. couple - pair ---double  couple ‫زوج وزوجة أو اثنان من نوع واحد‬  pair )‫زوج (شيء واحد مكون من جزأين‬  double )‫ضعف (العدد أو الكمية‬ ● I saw a couple of men get out of the building. ●The couple were married in 1997. ● She bought a pair of brown shoes. ● We need double the amount we already have.. 17. alike - like similar -the same alike ‫متشابه‬ like ‫ يحب‬/ ‫مثل‬ similar ‫ متشابه‬/ ‫مشابه‬ the same ‫نفس الشئ‬ Ex: The children all look very alike. She looks best in bright, vibrant colours, like red and pink. Do you like fish? My father and I have similar views on politics. My twin sister and I have got the same nose. 18. borrow - lend loan -owe borrow ‫ يستعير‬/ ‫يستلف‬ lend ‫ يقرض‬/ ‫يسلف‬ loan ‫ يثرض‬/ ‫يسلف‬ owe ‫يدين‬ Ex: He borrowed some money from the bank. The bank lent the businessman 500000 pounds. This library loans books, CDs and videotapes. I owe Janet ten pounds. 19.decide to - decide on -decide that decide to + ‫يقرر مصدر‬ decide on + ‫يختار اسم‬ Decide that + ‫يقرر جملة‬ Ex: In the end, we decided to go to the theatre. I've decided on blue for the bathroom. She decided that she would retire to the country. 20. hero - champion hero )‫ شخص قام بعمل عظيم‬/ ‫ رواية‬/ ‫بطل (قصة‬ champion )‫بطل (رياضى‬ Ex: The hero of the film is a little boy. He is the world swimming champion. 21. die - dead -death - deadly die (v) ‫ يموت‬dead (adj) ‫ميت‬ death (n) ‫ موت‬deadly (adj) ‫ مميت‬/ ‫قاتل‬ Ex: Twelve people died in the accident. She's been dead for twenty years now. He never got over the death of his daughter. Deadly weapons are used in wars. 22. publish - advertise publish )‫ينشر (كتاب أو صحيفة مثلا‬ advertise )‫يعلن عن (سلع أو خدمات‬ Ex: The company has published all his books. If you want to sell your product, you must advertise it. 4

23. alive -Life -a life -the life alive ‫ على قيد الحياة‬/ ‫ حى‬/ ‫عائش‬ Life )‫الحياة (بوجه عام‬ a life )‫حياة ( نوع معين من الحياة‬ the life )‫ شعب‬/ ‫حياة (شخص‬ Ex: He isn’t dead. He’s alive. Life is full of problems. He leads a happy life / a life of happiness. He saved the life of my son. He wrote a book about the life of the Pharaohs. 24. allow -let allow + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫يسمح مصدر‬ let + ‫ مفعول‬+ ‫مصدر‬ ‫يدع‬ allow + v. + ing ‫يسمح بــ‬ Ex: Father let me go on a tour round Luxor. Father allowed me to go on a tour round Luxor. He doesn’t allow smoking in his office. 25. steal -rob steal )‫(يأتى بعده الشئ المسروق‬ rob ‫يسرق من مكان أو شخص‬ Ex: The thieves stole five million dollars from the bank . They robbed a bank last week. Someone robbed me last night. Someone robbed me of my watch last night 26. Find -Found Find / found / found ‫يجد‬ ۩ Found / founded / founded ‫يؤسس‬  Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease.  The town was founded by English settlers.  Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. ‫الاحترام المتبادل‬ 27. molten -melted molten )‫منصهر (تُستخدم مع المواد التي تنصهر عند درجة حرارة عالية جدا مثل المعادن والصخو َر‬ ۩ melted / ‫ منصهر‬/ ‫ غير متجمد‬melted chocolate / melted butter 28. use - use up -used use ‫يستخدم‬ ۩ use up ‫ يستنفد‬/ ‫يستهلك‬ ۩ used ‫مستعمل‬  Can I use your phone?.  We used up all the sugar. We need to buy some.  He bought a used car. 29.leave - leave for leave )‫يُغادر (مكان‬ ۩ leave for ‫ يذهب إلي‬/ ‫يُغادر متجها إلي‬  He left the house by the back door.  He left for London yesterday. 30. hear - listen to hear )‫يسمع (بدون قصد‬ listen to ‫ يستمع الى‬/ ‫(بقصد) ينصت الى‬ ● Hear of / about ‫يسمع عن شيء أو شخص‬ ● hear from )‫يتلقي أخبارا من (خطاب أو رسالة أو مكالمة‬ ● Have you ever heard of William Shakespeare? ● I'm looking forward to hearing from my friend. She heard a noise outside. What kind of music do you listen to? 5

31. split - spill - spell - split / split / split‫ يشطر‬/ ‫ ينشطر‬/ ‫ ينفصل‬/‫ينقسم‬ spill / spilt / spilt ‫ ينسكب‬/ ‫يسكب‬ spell / spelt /spelt ‫يتهجى‬ Ex: When atoms split, enormous amounts of energy are released. The milk spilt all over the floor. Did I spell your name right? 32. lie - lay lie / lied / lied ‫ يكذب‬lie / lay /lain ) ‫ يقع ( للمكان‬/ ‫ ينام‬/ ‫يرقد‬ ‫ يُرتِّب‬/ ‫ يُ ِع ّد‬/ )ُ‫ تبيض (الدجاجة‬/ ‫يضع‬ lay / laid / laid Ex: Don’t lie to me. I know everything. He lay in bed listening to the birds singing. The town lies to the east of the river. He laid the book on the table. The hens have laid a lot of eggs. She laid the table for four people. 33. melt -molten smelt melt )‫ ينصهر (بالحرارة‬/ ‫يصهر‬ molten )‫منصهر (فى درجة حرارة عالية مثل الصخور و المعادن‬ smelt ‫يستخرج المعدن من الخام‬ Ex: The snow usually melts by mid March. Molten rocks rushed out of the well. Iron ore ‫ خام‬is smelted in Helwan factory. 34. run out- run out of -run on - -run after run out )‫ينفذ (لا يتبعه مفعول به‬ run out of )‫يستهلك (يتبعه مفعول به‬ run on ‫ يدور بــ‬/ ‫يعمل بــ‬ run after ‫يطارد‬ Ex: We need to find forms of energy that will never run out. We've run out of milk – can you go to the shop and get some? Many cars nowadays run on petrol with no lead ‫ رصاص‬in it. The police ran after the thieves who robbed the bank. 35. instead of- instead instead of + v. + ing ‫بدلا من‬ instead )‫بدلا من ذلك (تأتى أخر الجملة‬ Ex: Instead of eating at home, we went to a restaurant. There's no coffee - would you like a cup of tea instead? 36. way of - way to way of + v. + ing (of + v. + ing ‫وسيلة لـ (يليها‬ way to + ‫مصدر‬ )to + ‫أو (مصدر‬ Ex: There are many ways of solving the problem. That's not the way to do it - let me show you. 37. Special- private Special (= not ordinary) ‫ متميز‬/‫من نوع خاص‬ Special care ‫ رعايية خاصية‬, special attention ‫اهتميام خياص‬special occasion ‫ مناسيبة‬/ train / clothes / care ‫ رعاية‬/ friend The government gives special care to reclaiming the desert. This is a special kind of cloth. private ‫( تفيد الملكية‬opposite: public ‫)عام‬ a private school ‫مدرسة خاصة‬ a private hospital ‫ مستشيفي خياص‬private car / school / letter / life / hospital . 6

This is my private life. You have no right to interfere..‫يتدخل‬ 38. Profession –Work- Job -Career-post Profession ‫مهنة أو عمل يتطلب قدرا كبيرا من التدريب والتعليم مثل الطب والمحاماة والتدريس‬ He left the teaching profession to set up his own business. Work: ‫العمل بصفة عامة ولا تجمع‬ Peter's work involves a lot of travelling. I have a lot of work to do. Work: )‫يقوم بتشغيل ( آلة مثلا‬ Do you know how to work (=operate) this coffee machine? :‫ يصبح معناها مؤلفات أو أعمال فنية أو أدبية‬work ‫اذا ُجم َعت كلمة‬ a work of art  works of art work ) ‫ مكان العمل ( اسم لا يعد و لا يسبقها أداة‬/ ‫عمل‬ a work of )‫ هندسى‬/ ‫ أدبى‬/ ‫عمل (فنى‬ works ‫أعمال فنية أو أدبية‬ Ex: It takes a lot of work to build a house. Mr Mark leaves work at two o’clock every day. Abu Simbel is an amazing work of engineering ‫عمل هندسى رائع‬ Egypt has many amazing works of engineering ‫أعمال هندسية رائعة‬ Job: ‫وظيفة (تجمع) و تشير إلي عمل منتظم يقوم به الشخص لكسب المال‬ When she left college, she got a job as a secretary. She has applied for a job with an insurance company. Career: ‫ الفترة التي يقضيها الشخص في وظيفة معينة‬/ ‫المستقبل الوظيفي‬ ‫وظيفة مهمة‬ He has a long career in journalism. ‫الصحافة‬ post: * She has got the post of sales manager. 39. Experience-experiences -experiment experience ) )‫خبرة (اسم لا يعد و لا يسبقها أداة نكرة و يقصد بها المعرفة و المهارات التى يكتسبها الانسان فى العمل‬ experiences )‫ تجارب (و يقصد بها الأحداث التى يمر بها الانسان فى حياته‬/ ‫مواقف‬ experiment )‫تجربة (تستخدم عندما نتحدث عن العلماء و أبحاثهم‬ Ex: I'm afraid I don't have much sales experience. His experiences in Germany were rather depressing. They did a number of experiments last week. 40. routine -red tape routine )‫الروتين اليومي (ما يقوم به الشخص من أعمال في نفس الوقت يوميا‬  red tape ‫روتين الإجراءات الرسمية‬ Dressing is a task which we do every day as a matter of routine. We must get rid of the red tape in government offices. 41. mend -amend  mend )‫يقوم بإصلاح (شيء تالف أو لا يعمل‬  amend ‫يقوم بإجراء تعديل أو تغيير في نص أو قانون‬ The plumber came to mend the burst pipe. The constitution ‫ الدستور‬was amended some time ago. 7

42. abroad -aboard  abroad ‫الخارج‬  aboard ‫علي متن سفينة أو طائرة أو قطار‬ My father travelled abroad on business. They finally went aboard the plane. 43. other than - rather than -otherwise  other than = except ‫ما عدا‬  rather than = in preference to / instead of ‫ مفضلا شيء علي آخر‬/ ‫بدلا من‬  otherwise = except ‫وإلا‬ The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself. I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.  You'll have to go now, otherwise you'll miss your bus. 44. win - beat - - gain -earn win (won / won) )‫ يكسب (يأتى بعده الشئ الذى نفوز به أو نكسبه‬/ ‫يفوز بـ‬ beat (beat / beaten) )‫ يتغلب على (يأتى بعده الشخص أو الفريق المهزوم‬/ ‫يهزم‬ gain (gained / gained) ‫ يزداد‬/ ‫يكتسب‬ earn (earned / earned) )‫يكسب (من العمل الجاد‬ Ex: win: (a medal ‫ ميدالية‬/ a cup ‫ كأس‬/ a race ‫ سباق‬/ a competition ‫ مسابقة‬/ a match / a game an award / a prize) ‫ يكسب‬/ ‫يفوز بـ‬ beat: (someone ‫ شخص‬/ a team ‫)فريق‬ ‫يهزم‬ gain: experience ‫خبرة‬/information ‫ معلومات‬/ Knowledge ‫يكتسب )معرفة‬ (weight ‫ وزن‬/ height ‫طول‬/ speed ‫)سرعة‬ ‫يزداد‬ earn money / his living )‫ عيشه (من العمل الجاد‬/ ‫يكسب المال‬ 45. habit - custom- tradition habit ) ‫عادة (شخصية‬ custom ‫عرف سائد فى المجتمع‬ Ex: I wish I could stop smoking. It is a very bad habit. It is a custom in Western Europe for little boys to wear short pants ‫ بنطلون‬to school. tradition ‫شـئ مـوروث‬ She wrote under a pen name because of the traditions she was brought up in. 46. shy - ashamed shy )‫خجول (بطبيعته‬ ۩ ashamed )‫يحس بالذنب والخجل (بسبب خطأ ما‬ ► He was a quiet, shy man. ► I felt ashamed of the things I'd said to him. 47. find -exist find ‫يجد‬ ۩ exist ‫ يعيش‬/ ‫يكون موجود‬ ►I couldn't find Andrew's telephone number. ►I don't think ghosts exist. ►Few people can exist without water for more than a week. 48. contain - consist - include- Enclose ۩ include ‫ ۩ يشمل‬contain )‫ يحتوي علي (بداخله‬consist (of) ‫يتكون من‬ ►Tax and service are included in the bill. ►Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat. ►The football team consists of eleven players. 8

► He enclosed a photo with the letter. 49. accompany - company ۩ company ‫ ُصحبة‬/ ‫شركة‬ ۩ accompany ‫يصطحب‬ ►He works for a company that makes software. ►It was a long journey and I was grateful for his company. ►Depression is almost always accompanied by insomnia. 50. Be able to -Enable -capable Be able to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫يكون قادر على‬ Enable … to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫ من‬... ‫يمكن‬ Be capable of + v. + ing ‫يكون قادر على‬ Ex: I'm sorry that I wasn't able to phone you yesterday. Only the Democratic Party is capable of running the country. Computers enable us to work faster. 51.By -In - On By car / by taxi / by plane / by train / boat ‫ قبل وسائل المواصلات اذا لم يسبقها شئ‬by ‫نستخدم‬ / ship / bus In a (the/ my) car / taxi ‫ إذا سبقهما شيء‬car / taxi ‫ قبل‬in ‫تستخدم‬ On a (the / his) plane / train / boat / bus / ‫ قبل باقي وسائل المواصلات إذا سبقها شيء‬on ‫وتستخدم‬ ship On foot / on horseback ‫و لكن نقول‬ Ex: They travelled across Europe by train / car. We travelled to Alex in our car. She'll be arriving on the five-thirty train. It'd be quicker to get there on foot. 52. made of -made from- made by -made in ۩ be made of: )‫مصنوع من (مادة لا تتغير خواصها‬ This watch is made of gold. ۩ be made from: )‫مصنوع من (مادة أو أكثرتتغير خواصها‬ This cake is made from flour, butter and milk. ۩ be made by: )‫مصنوع بواسطة (مبني للمجهول‬  This hat was made by a friend of mine. ۩ be made in: )‫مصنوع في (مكان معين‬  A lot of products are now made in China. 53. wander - wonder ۩ wander ‫يتجول‬ ۩ wonder ‫ يتعجب‬/ ‫ يستغرب‬/ ‫يتساءل‬ He wandered around the mall for half an hour. I wonder if I could borrow your car. Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour. 54. quiet - quite - quit ۩ quiet ‫هاديء‬ ۩ quite ‫ الي حد ما‬/ ‫تماما‬ ۩ quit ‫ يتوقف عن‬/ ‫ يغادر‬/ ‫يترك‬ We'll have to be quiet so as not to wake the baby. The food in the canteen is quite good. That's quite a different matter. She's going to quit her job. 9

55. connect - contact - ۩ connect something to something ‫يوصل بجهاز‬ First connect the printer to the computer. ۩ connect something with something ‫ يرتبط بـ‬/ ‫يوصل‬ The railway link would connect Tanta with Cairo. There was nothing to connect him with the crime. contact ‫يتصل بـ‬ Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries. 56. climate -weather- atmosphere ۩ climate: )‫المناخ (الظروف الجوية السائدة في مكان ما علي مدي سنوات‬ This part of the country has a dry climate. ۩ weather: )‫حالة الجو (من حيث درجة الحرارة والرطوبة وغيرها في فترة قصيرة‬ The weather today is so hot. ۩atmosphere ‫ـ مـا يحيـط الأرض أو المكـان‬: ‫ الغـلاف الجـوي‬ Atmosphere is the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. ground 57. ground - floor - Soil- land- the earth )‫أرض (خارج المنزل‬ floor )‫أرضية (المنزل‬ Soil )‫تربة (تلقى فيها البذور‬ Land ‫اليابسة‬ The earth ‫الكرة الأرضية‬ Ex: There is a great hole in the ground behind my house. The glass fell off the table and scattered ‫ يتناثر‬on the floor. Some plants grow in a muddy soil. We were about to die but finally we reached the land. The earth is round. 58. like - would like like + v. + ing\\ to + inf ‫ يحب‬would like + to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫يريد‬ Ex: I like playing tennis. I would like to play tennis tonight. 59. manage -Succeed manage to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫يتمكن من‬ Succeed in + v. + ing / ‫ينجح فى اسم‬ Ex: He managed to cross the Nile. He succeeded in crossing the Nile. He succeeded in the driving test. 60. commute - travel -commuter - traveler commute from .. to .. / commute between .. and … ‫يسافر يوميا الي مكان العمل ومنه‬ commute ‫يُخفف العقوبة‬ 11

travel ‫يسافر أو السفر عموما‬ commuter ‫مسافر يوميا الى مكان العمل و منه باشتراك موسمى‬ traveler ‫المسافر عموما‬ Ex: The train was packed with commuters. This hotel is for serious travellers, rather than tourists. 61. Remind -Remember- Remembering  Remind someone to do something / Remind someone of something ‫يذكر شخص بشيء‬ ● Remember = ‫ يتذكر‬remember about ‫يتذكر عن‬ I can’t remember her name. ‫يتذكر‬ Please, remind me to bring my camera. He reminded me of my promise. Remember me to your family. ‫بلغ تحياتي إلى الأسرة‬ ● Remembering He is good at remembering names. 62. Compare -Compared -comparison compare … to …. ‫ بـ‬... ‫ يشبه‬compared to / with ‫بالمقارنة بـ‬ compare … with … ‫ بـ‬... ‫ يقارن‬in comparison with / to ‫بالمقارنة بـ‬ Ex: Poets often compare sleep to death. He compared the Cairo underground with those in London and Paris. Compared to our car, their car is rather expensive. In comparison to / with the French, the British eat far less fish. 63. loose - lose - loss lose (v) ‫ يخسر‬/ ‫ يضيع‬/ ‫يفقد‬ loss ‫ خسارة‬/ ‫فقدان‬ loose ‫ مفكوك‬/ ‫ غير مثبت جيدا‬/ ‫غير محكم‬ 64. eliminate - illuminate illuminate ‫ ينير‬/ ‫يضيء‬ eliminate ‫ يهزم‬/ ‫ يستبعد‬/ ‫ يزيل‬/ ‫يمحو‬ The streets were illuminated with coloured lights. Our team was eliminated in the first round. We should try to eliminate illiteracy in Egypt. 65. Size -Diameter Diameter ‫قُطر‬ Size ‫حجم‬  I was amazed at the size of their garden.  The diameter of the Earth is about 13,000 km. 66. Know - recognize Know = have information about something ‫يعرف‬  There are instructions telling you everything you need to know.  I have known him for years. 11

recognize )ً‫ يعترف بـ (رسميا‬/ ‫يتعرف علي‬  I didn't recognize you in your uniform.  British medical qualifications are recognized in Canada. 67. Pay - Cost- Charge ● Cost ‫يكلف‬ ● Pay ‫يدفع‬ ● Charge ‫يفرض أو يطلب ثمنا‬  How much does a house like that cost in America?  Can I pay by credit card?  The restaurant charged us 40 pounds for the meal. 68. save - waste - spend -keep save ‫ يوفر‬waste ‫يبدد‬ ‫يحتفظ فى‬ spend )‫ يقضى (الوقت‬/ )‫ينفق (المال‬ keep Ex: people can save money by traveling on the underground. You'll save time if you take the car. He wasted a lot of money on that car. She spends a lot of money on clothes. He keeps his money in the bank. 69. ( take - catch - miss ) the train take the train ‫ يركب القطار‬catch the train ‫يلحق القطار‬ miss the train ‫ يفوته القطار‬miss someone / a place )‫ مكان‬/ ‫يفتقد (شخص‬ Ex: I always take the train - it's less hassle than a car. She was worried that she'd arrive too late to catch the last train home. You'll miss your train if you don't hurry up. I miss my old friends very much. He missed the 9:30 train. 70.rise - arise - raise - arouse ۩ Rise / rose / risen (I) ‫لا يليها مفعول‬ = (go up, increase ‫يزداد‬, , stand up ‫ ينهض‬/ ‫ يقف‬, get out of bed ‫) يستيقظ‬  Oil prices are rising all the time. ‫يزداد‬  Smoke rose from the chimney. ‫يتصاعد‬  The sun rises at around 6 a.m. ‫تشرق‬ ۩ rise (n.) ‫ ارتفاع‬/ ‫( زيادة‬increase / increase in wages ‫) زيادة في الأجور‬  There was a sudden rise in temperature yesterday. ‫ارتفاع‬  He got a 10% rise last year. ‫زيادة في الأجر‬ ۩ Raise / raised/ raised (T) ‫يليها مفعول‬  Raise your hand if you know the answer. ‫يرفــع‬  The government does its best to raise the standard of living. ‫يرفع مستوي المعيشــة‬  The concert raised a lot of money for cancer research. ‫يجمع‬  Raise your voice ‫ارفع صوتك‬ 12

 raise hopes/ fears/ suspicions ... ‫الشك‬/‫يثير الخوف‬  Raise a subject / question / point ‫يطرح للمناقشة موضوع أو نقطة أو يثير تساؤل‬ ۩ Arise / arose / arisen (‫ = )بدون مفعول‬begin to happen ‫ يحدث‬/ ‫ينشأ‬  A lot of problems usually arise at work. ۩ Arouse/aroused/ (‫ يوقظ )يليها مفعول‬/ )‫يثيــر(للمشاعر والأحاسيس‬  Her behavior aroused the suspicions ‫ يثير شكوك‬of the police. arouse feelings ‫ مشاعر‬/ interest ‫اهتمام‬/ fears ‫ مخاوف‬/ suspicions (doubts) ‫شكوك‬ 71. Prefer - would prefer - Would rather- like ۩ Would rather + inf. = would prefer + to + inf. ‫تفيد التفضيل‬ I'd rather stay at home. = I'd prefer to stay at home. Would rather + inf. ………….than + inf. ‫يفضل‬ I’d rather go to the cinema than watch TV. Would rather + inf. +n.-------than + n.‫يفضل‬  I’d rather have coffee than tea. ۩ rather + adj. / adv. = fairly / to some degree ‫إلي حد ما‬ It's rather hot today, isn't it? Prefer to + inf. / V+ing.‫يفضل‬ He prefers to play tennis. He prefers playing tennis. would prefer to + inf. ‫يفضل‬ I'd prefer not to discuss this issue. would prefer to + inf. ‫ يفضل‬rather than + inf I'd prefer to watch TV rather than play football. Prefer + V+ing. + to + V+ing He prefers watching football to playing it. like + V+ing\\n. + more than + V+ing\\n He likes watching football more than playing it. 72. It is time to - It is time for  It is time to + inf. ‫لقد حان وقت‬ It is time to go home.  It is time for + n. ‫لقد حان وقت‬ It is time for dinner.  It is time + ‫فاعل‬. + Past simple It is time she went home. ‫لقد حان وقت‬ 73. Biography - Autobiography ۩Biography )‫سيرة حياة (يكتبها شخص عن آخر‬ ۩ Autobiography )‫سيرة حياة (يكتبها الشخص عن نفسه‬  He wrote a biography of Queen Victoria.  He described his childhood in his autobiography. 74. in the end - at the end ● at the end (of) ‫غالبا يأتي بعدها الاسم‬ ● in the end ‫يأتي بعدها جملة أو تأتي في نهاية الجملة‬ My house is at the end of this street. 13

We went shopping and visited some friends. In the end, we went home. 75. Respected - Respectable -Respectful respected ‫يحظى بالاحترام و الاعجاب بسبب عمله أو انجازاته‬ Respectable )‫محترم (يتصرف بطريقة مقبولة اجتماعيا و أخلاقيا‬ Respectful ‫يظهر الاحترام لـ‬ Ex: Dr Magdi Yacoub is a respected heart surgeon. She is a respectable young woman from a good family We should be respectful towards elderly people. 76. human - humane ۩ human (adj.) ‫ إنساني‬/ ‫بشري‬ The accident was the result of human error . ۩ humane (adj.) ‫عطوف‬ The refugees ‫ اللاجئون‬receive humane treatment . 77. Find - Fend - defend ۩ Find + obj. + adj. I find it easy to study English. ۩ Fend for (yourself) )‫يعتني (بنفسه‬ defend (yourself) ‫يدافع عن نفسه‬ The kids had to fend for themselves while their parents were away. You should be able to defend yourself in dangerous situations. 78. Fault - Foul ۩ Fault ‫خطأ‬ Foul ‫خطأ في الرياضة‬ I'm very sorry. It's my fault. He had committed 3 fouls in the match. 79. fall -fail -fell- feel ۩ fall / fell / fallen ‫يسقط‬ fail ‫ يرسب‬/ ‫ يفشل‬ feel ‫يشعر‬  fell )‫يقطع (شجرة‬ The book fell from his hands. He failed the English exam. More than 50 trees were felled. I feel happy 80. relation - relationship ۩ relation )‫علاقة رسمية (بين الدول مثلا‬ relationship ‫علاقة شخصية أو أسرية‬ Relations between the two countries have improved recently. I have a good relationship with my parents. 81. Make ۩ Make + someone + inf. ‫يُجبر شخص علي عمل شيء‬ ۩ Make + Obj. + adj. ۩ Make = be / become They made me sign the cheque. He did everything he could to make us happy. I don't think he will ever make a good doctor. 82. Sight - Sights sight - ‫ َمش َهد (شئ محدد يمكن رؤيته) يتمكن من رؤية شيء من بعيد‬/ ‫البَ َصر‬ 14

sights ‫معالم جديرة بالمشاهدة‬ view )‫منظر طبيعى ثابت (ما يمكن رؤيته من مكان معين‬ Ex: His sight was completely restored by the operation. A man carrying a donkey is a strange sight. We went to Rome to see the sights. There’s an excellent view from our bedroom window. 83. Wear - put on - dress -dressed wear .. ‫ يكون مرتديا‬/ ‫ ( يلبس‬+ ‫مفعول‬. )  ‫ تستخدم‬wear :‫لوصف عادة أو مظهر الشخص‬  He was wearing his best suit at the party.  Policemen usually wear a uniform.  We wear light clothes in summer.  put on .. ‫ ( يقوم بارتداء‬+ ‫مفعول‬. )  Put on your coat – it’s cold.  She put on her uniform and went to school.  Hurry up. Put on your shoes. We are late for school.  dress ‫( يلبس‬I) = get dressed ) ‫(بدون مفعول‬  She always dresses fashionably. :‫ يختلف المعني‬dress ‫لاحظ انه في حالة وجود مفعول بعد‬  Can you dress the kids for me? ‫يساعد شخص علي ارتداء ملابسه‬ be dressed in ‫ = (بعدها مفعول) يكون مرتديا‬be wearing  He was dressed in a black suit. = He was wearing a black suit. 84. Cause of - reason for reason for + v. + ing / ‫اسم‬ ‫سبب‬ cause (v) ‫يسبب‬ ‫سبب‬ reason why + ‫جملة‬ ‫ سبب‬cause of (n) Ex: I don’t know the reason for his absence. I don’t know the reason why he is absent. What caused the fire? What was the cause of the fire? 85. drought - draught ۩ drought ‫الجفاف‬ ۩ draught. (= draft) ‫تيار هواء بارد‬ This year, a severe drought has ruined the crops. Can you close the door? There's an awful draught in here. 86. Lightning - Lighting ۩ Lighting ‫الإضاءة‬ ۩ Lightning ‫البرق‬ Better street lighting might help to reduce crime. That tree was struck by lightning. 87. economical - economic ۩ economic ‫اقتصادي‬ ۩ economical ‫موفر‬ Economic growth in Egypt is slow. A small car is more economical than a big one. 88. weather - whether weather )‫الطقس (حالة الجو خلال فترة زمنية قصيرة‬ 15

whether = if ‫ما إذا‬ Ex: What’s the weather like this morning? Let me know whether you can come or not. 89. Like - As - Such as Like = similar to / in the same way as  He eats like a horse.  He is like a son to me. seem / sound / look / feel / taste :‫ مع الأفعال ا تية‬like ‫ لاحظ استخدام‬  The garden looks like a jungle.  At last he felt like a real soldier.  It seems like a good idea. Like = for example  Things like glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled. As + job  He works as a doctor. Such as = for example  Things such as glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.  As = because  He didn't come to school as he was ill.  As = while / when  I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.  As = though / although  Hard as he studied, he failed the test.  As for + someone / something ‫بالنسبة لـ‬  I am good at English. As for my brother, he is good at geography..  As of / as from = starting from )‫بداية من(وقت معين‬  As from today, you are in charge of the office. 90. Factor - factory ۩ factor )‫عامل (جمعها عوامل‬ ۩ factory ‫مصنع‬  The weather could be a crucial factor ‫ عامل حاسم‬in tomorrow's game.  There is a car factory in our town. 91. tasty - tasteful - testy ۩ tasty = delicious ‫لذيذ الطعم‬ ۩ tasteful ‫ينُم عن الذوق الرفيع‬ ۩ testy = irritable ‫ سريع الغضب‬/ ‫عصبي‬  The meal was very tasty. Pricey- priceless  She bought tasteful furniture.  He is a testy person. 92. ۩ pricey = expensive ‫غالي الثمن‬ ۩ priceless = of very great value ‫لا يُق َدر بثمن‬  The clothes are beautiful but very pricey.  A priceless collection of paintings was stolen from the museum. 93. Regret regret + n ‫يندم على‬ * He regretted his mistake. ‫يأسف لأته مضطر لعمل شيء‬ regret + to-inf. * We regret to tell you that the trip will be cancelled. regret + V+ing ‫يندم على شيء عمله من قبل‬ * I regret spending all my money on clothes last week. regrettable ‫يؤسف له‬ * His behaviour at the party was very regrettable. 16

regretful ‫نادم‬ * He was regretful when he had to leave his old house. series - serious series )‫ اجتماعات‬/‫ أفلام‬/ ‫ كتب‬/ ‫سلسلة (أحداث‬ serious ‫ خطير‬/ ‫جاد‬  They will hold a series of meetings over the next few weeks.  The government is trying to solve the serious problem of unemployment. 94. waste - lose waste )‫ يضيع (الوقت‬/ )‫يبدد( المال‬ lose ‫يخسر‬ Ex: The team played well, but lost the game. He lost a lot of money at races. She lost her mother (= Her mother died) last year. I wasted my money on this radio. It broke down after one day! 95. operation - process operation ‫ عملية تشغيل‬/ ‫عملية جراحية‬ process )‫عملية (سلسلة تغييرات أو أحداث‬ Ex: Following the earthquake, a large-scale rescue operation was launched. He's got to have an operation on his shoulder. New techniques are used to improve the learning process. 96. cure - heal - treat cure ‫ يشفى‬heal (burns / wounds / cuts / injuries / broken organs) )‫(يأتى بعده اسم المرض أو الشخص المريض‬ ‫يلتييئم (تسييتخدم مييع الحييروق و الجييروح و الإصييابات و الأعضيياء‬ )‫المكسورة‬ treat: try to cure by medical care ‫يعالج‬ Ex: This medicine will cure your cough. He managed to cure my aunt who had been ill all her life. This ointment ‫ مرهم‬will heal cuts and wounds. His broken leg took six weeks to heal. The doctor treated him with aspirin. 97. expect - except expect ‫ يتوقع‬except ‫ماعدا‬ Accept + n ‫يقبل‬ Ex: We expect him to win the race. We expect that he will pass the exam easily. We expected that he would pass the exam easily.  except (for) ‫ باستثناء‬/ ‫فيما عدا‬  Everyone went to the show except for Scott . (Scott was..) Scott was the only one who didn’t go to the show. :except / except for ‫ملاحظات علي استخدام‬ :‫ فقط قبل حروف الجر وأدوات الربط‬except ‫ نستخدم‬-1  It's the same everywhere except in Scotland.  He's good-looking except when he smiles. :except / except for ‫ يستخدم الاسم أو ضمير المفعول بعد‬-2  Everybody understands except me.  We are all ready except for her. :‫ يأتي بعدها جملة‬except that ‫ لاحظ أن‬-3 I know nothing about him except that he lives in Cairo. Accept + n ‫ يقبل‬accept an invitation / an apology ‫ اعتذار‬/ a present / a bribe ‫رشوة‬ 17

Expect to + inf. ‫يتوقع‬ Expect … will  He accepted my invitation to the party.  She expects to find a good job soon.  I expect that she will pass the test. All students passed the exam except Ali. 98. mention - inform ۩ mention ‫ ۩ يذكر شيء (شفاهةَ أو كتابةَ) باختصار‬inform )‫ يبلغ(عادة بطريقة رسمية‬/ ‫يخبر‬ ●I mentioned the idea to John and he seemed to like it. ●We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected. 99. retire - resign ۩ retire ‫يتقاعد‬ ۩ resign ‫يستقيل‬ ●Most people in Egypt retire at the age of 60. ●He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job. 100. alone- lonely -only ۩ alone= on my own = by myself=without any help=with no help ‫بمفرده‬ ۩ lonely ‫ ۩ لديه شعور بالوحدة لكونه بعيدا عن ا خرين‬only ‫ دون غيره‬/ ‫فقط‬ ●She decided to climb the mountain alone. ●She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home. ● She was the only person to complain. 101. reward - award reward )‫ مكافأة (يحصل عليها الفرد مقابل خدمة قام بها‬/ ‫يكاقئ‬ award (v./ n.) )‫ جائزة (يحصل عليها الفرد نتيجة إنجاز حققه‬/ ‫يمنح جائزة‬ Ex: The company rewarded him for his honesty. He gave the boy a reward for bringing back the lost dog. Her dog was awarded the blue ribbon ‫ شريط‬in the club show. She won the ‘Best Actress’ award. 102. marry - married marry ‫بدون مفعول‬ ‫ يتزوج‬be / get married to + ‫ متزوج من مفعـول‬/ ‫تزوج‬ marry + ‫مفعول‬ ‫ يتزوج‬be (get) married with ‫متزوج ولديه‬ Ex: They don't have any plans to marry at present. Paul married Lucy four years ago. She is (got) married to a rich doctor. She is married with three nice boys. 103. successful - success be successful = be a success ‫يكون ناجحا‬ Ex: His first novel was successful. His first novel was a success. 104.Snow - Ice ۩ Snow )‫الثلج (قطرات الماء المتجمدة التي تسقط من السماء‬ ۩ Ice )‫الثلج أو الجليد (الماء عندما يتجمد ويصبح ثلجا‬ ● Outside the snow began to fall. ● Would you like ice in your juice? 18

105. differentiate - differ differ from ‫يختلف عن‬ differ about / on / over ‫يختلف بشأن‬ differentiate between … and … ‫ يبين الاختلاف‬/ ‫يميز الفرق‬ differentiate … from … ‫ يبين الاختلاف‬/ ‫يميز الفرق‬ Ex: People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress. The two lawyers differed about how to present the case. It's important to differentiate between fact and opinion. Its unusual nesting habits differentiate this bird from others. 106. musician - composer- Composition Musician ) ‫موسيقى (عازف‬ # An orchestra is a group of musicians. Composer ‫ملحن موسيقى‬ # Abd Elwahab is a great Egyptian composer. Composition ‫مقطوعة موسيقية‬ # I listened to a wonderful composition. 107. queue - line -row ۩ queue )‫طابور من الناس (بغرض الحصول علي شيء‬ ۩ line )queue) ‫صف (من الناس أو الأشياء ويمكن أيضا أن تستخدم بنفس معني‬ ۩ row ‫صف من الناس أو الأشياء‬ There was a queue of people waiting for the bus. There was a long queue to get into the cinema. I looked in despair at the long line in front of the ticket office. There was a line of trees on either side of the road. The kids were standing in line waiting for their teacher. The children were asked to stand in a row. 108. landmark - landscape landmark ‫معلم هام‬ Landscape ‫منظر طبيعى‬ Ex: The Sphinx and Taj Mahal are famous landmarks in Egypt and India. The landscape along the banks of the Nile is very beautiful. 109. dislike - unlike unlike ‫على العكس من‬ dislike ‫يكره‬ Ex: Unlike his father, he doesn’t like music. 110. teach - learn ۩ teach ‫ يُد ِرس‬/ ‫يُلِم‬ ۩ learn ‫يتعلم‬ ● She taught English to foreign students. ● I'm learning to play the piano. 111. between - among between ‫بين اثنين‬ she sat between her parents. among ‫بين أكثر من اثنين‬ This mountain is among the highest in the world. 112. at a time - in time - on time in time = not late, early enough ‫فى الوقت المناسب‬ on time = punctual ‫فى الميعاد‬ at a time ‫ فى ذلك الوقت‬/ ‫فى وقت‬ 19

Ex: I got home just in time - it's starting to rain. Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time. At a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha’s mother encouraged her daughter to get a good education. 113. staff - crew staff ‫هيئة العاملين‬ crew )‫ طائرة‬/ ‫طاقم (سفينة‬ Ex: When the ship sank, the crew were saved by a passing ship. She was awarded her degree and then joined the university staff as a research assistant. 114. frighten - fear ۩ frighten = scare ‫يُخيف‬ ●Computers used to frighten me, but not now. ۩ fear ‫يخاف‬ ●Police fear that there may be further terrorist attacks. 115. Recipe - prescription ۩ recipe )‫ ۩ وصفة (طريقة عمل وجبة معينة‬prescription )‫وصفة طبية (روشتة‬ ●Could you give me the recipe for that chocolate cake? ●I got the prescription filled on the way home. 116. spontaneous -simultaneous ۩ spontaneous ‫ بدون تخطيط‬/ ‫ تلقائي‬/ ‫ ۩ عفوي‬simultaneous ‫شيء يحدث في نفس الوقت‬ ●Her offer of help was spontaneous. ●The speeches will be broadcast live, with simultaneous translation. 117. travel - travels - journey –trip- picnic- tour- voyage flight - cruise travel )‫السفر عموما (لا تجمع‬ tour ‫جولة سياحية‬ travels ‫رحلات‬ voyage )‫ فضائية‬/ ‫رحلة (بحرية‬ journey )‫ جوية‬/ ‫رحلة طويلة (برية‬ cruise ‫رحلة بحرية من أجل المتعة‬ trip )‫رحلة قصيرة (لها غرض معين‬ flight ‫رحلة طيران‬ picnic )‫نزهة خلوية (تتضمن تناول وجبة‬ expedition ‫ رحلة قصيرة لغرض معين‬/ )‫رحلة استكشافية (رحلة منظمة لأماكن غير مألوفة‬ hike ‫رحله طويله سيراً على الأقدام‬ Ex: I think space travel costs so much money. He wrote a book about his travels around the Far East. His wife accompanied ‫ يصطحب‬him on his journey to America. He travelled to London on a business trip. If the weather's nice we could have a picnic in the park. We're going on a shopping / hunting expedition on Saturday. We went on a guided tour round Luxor. During their voyage at sea, a storm blew. He went on a Nile cruise with his friends. Flight No 765 from London was late for an hour. We went for a long hike in the country. 118. fit - suit - match ۩ fit )‫ ۩ يناسب (من حيث المقاس‬suit )‫يناسب (من حيث الشكل‬ ۩ match )‫يتماشي مع (للأشياء‬ ● That jacket fits you perfectly. 21

● That blue shirt suits you. You look nice in it. ● Does this shirt match these trousers? 119. together - altogether ۩ together = with each other ‫ سويا‬/ ‫معا‬ ۩ altogether = completely ‫تماما‬ ● You mix all the dry ingredients together before you add the milk. ● It's all right working with him, but living with him would be a different matter altogether. 120. trade with - trade in ۩ trade with ‫يتاجر مع‬ ۩ trade in )‫يتاجر في (سلعة معينة‬ ● India began trading with Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. ● The company has been trading in oil for many years. 121. later - latter ۩ later ‫ في وقت لاحق‬/ ‫( ۩فيما بعد‬the) latter = the second ‫(الشيء أو الشخص) المذكور ثانيا‬ ● Later that month we got another letter from them asking for more money. ● She offered me more money or a car and I chose the latter. 122. interview- appointment - conference - meeting interview )‫ صحفية‬/ ‫ تليفزيونية‬/ ‫ مقابلة (إذاعية‬/)‫مقابلة شخصية (للوظيفة‬ appointment ‫ ميعاد‬/ ‫موعد‬ conference ‫مؤتمر‬ meeting ‫اجتماع‬ Chat ‫دردشة‬ Ex: I had an interview for a job with a publishing firm. I'd like to make an appointment with Doctor Evans, please. He attended a conference on women's rights I'm afraid she's in a meeting - I'll ask her to call you back later. Why don't you give me a call and we'll have a chat? 123. apply for - apply to ۩ apply for )‫ الخ‬، ‫ مكان في الجامعة‬/ ‫ جنسية‬/ ‫ تأشيرة‬/ ‫يتقدم بطلب (للحصول علي وظيفة‬ ۩ apply in person ‫ ۩ يتقدم بالطلب شخصيا‬apply in writing ً‫يقدم الطلب كتابة‬ ۩ apply to + inf. .. ‫ ۩ يتقدم بطلب لكي‬apply ‫يُطبق‬ ۩ apply to + n ‫ينطبق علي‬ ۩ apply to + n ‫يتقدم بالطلب إلي‬ ● She applied for a job with the local newspaper. ● She is going to apply for citizenship next month. ● You should apply immediately, in person or by letter. ● He has applied to join the police. ● The offer only applies to flights from London and Manchester. ● I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them. ● Some of the children seem unable to apply what they have learned. 124. Wages - salary - fare - fees Wages – salary – fare – fees Wages ‫أجور (عمال مثلا) بالساعة أو اليوم أو الأسبوع‬  The workers went on strike because they wanted higher wages. Salary ‫مرتب شهري أو سنوي‬ This bank manager gets a salary of 40,000 dollars a year. Fare ‫ أجرة مواصلات‬Taxi fare bus fare plane fare Fees ‫رسوم أو أتعاب‬ lawyer's fees school fees ‫رسوم مدرسية‬ 21

Doctors' fees are very high nowadays. 125. applicant - candidate - nominee ۩ applicant )‫ قرض‬/ ‫ منحة‬/ ‫ تأشيرة‬/ ‫ جنسية‬/ ‫متقدم (بطلب كتابي) للحصول علي شيء (وظيفة‬ ۩ candidate ‫ في الانتخابات) متقدم لامتحان ما‬/ ‫مرشح (لوظيفة‬ ۩ nominee ‫مرشح (رسميا) لوظيفة هامة أو جائزة‬ ● He was one of 30 applicants for the manager's job. ● There are only three candidates for the job. ● Candidates are not allowed to use a calculator in this exam. ● He was the only nominee for the presidency. 126. a paper - papers - paper paper (writing material) ‫ ورق (للكتابة) لايعد‬papers (newspapers) ‫صحف‬ a paper (a newspaper) ‫ صحيفة \\جريدة تعد‬papers (documents) ‫ مستندات‬/ ‫وثائق‬ Ex: Dictionaries are usually printed on thin paper. Al Ahram is a daily paper The photo was on the front page of all the papers. The border guards stopped me and asked to see my papers. 127. would rather - had better had better + ‫ = مصدر‬should )‫يجب أن (تستخدم للنصيحة‬ would rather + ‫مصدر‬ )‫يفضل (تستخدم للتفضيل‬ Ex You'd better go home now before the rain starts. He'd rather die than let me think he needed help. 128. inquire - require ۩ inquire / enquire (about) = ask for information ‫ ۩ يستفسر‬require = need ‫ يحتاج‬/ ‫يتطلب‬  He enquired about the price of tickets.  Please telephone this number if you require any further information. 129. receipt - bill ۩ receipt ‫إيصال الشراء‬ ۩ bill )‫ مطعم‬/ ‫ تليفون‬/ ‫ مياه‬/ ‫فاتورة (كهرباء‬  Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy.  They asked the waitress for the bill. 130. wander-wonder wonder ‫يتساءل‬ wander ‫يتجول‬ Ex: I wonder if I could borrow your bike. They spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city. 131. valuable - valuables valuable ‫ قيم‬valuables ‫أشياء قيمة‬ Ex: He was able to provide the police with some valuable information. They locked their valuables in the hotel safe. 132. treat - cure treat ‫ يعامل‬/ ‫يعالج‬ cure )‫ من مرض‬/ ‫يشفى (مريض‬ Ex: He is being treated for a rare skin disease. It's wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings. At one time the doctors couldn't cure people of some diseases. 133. reward - reword 22

۩ reward (v/n) ‫ مكافأة‬/ ‫يكافأ‬ ۩ reword (v) = rephrase )‫يعيد صياغة (جملة أو سؤال مثلا‬ He gave the children some chocolate to reward them for behaving well. Let me reword my question. 134. refuse ۩ refuse (v) ‫ ۩ يرفض‬refuse (n) = garbage = rubbish = trash ‫ نفاية‬/ ‫قمامة‬  I absolutely refuse to take part in anything that's illegal.  Refuse collection ‫ جمع القمامة‬has been seriously affected by the strike ‫اضراب‬. 135. produce ۩ produce (v) ‫يُنتج‬ ۩ produce (n / U) ‫ منتجات‬/ ‫محاصيل أو غلال‬  This factory produces high-quality steel  Governments build roads which help farmers to market their produce. 136. object - desert ۩ object to + n/ V + ing (v) ‫يعترض‬ ۩ object (n ) ‫ هدف‬/ ‫شيء‬  The committee strongly objected to the report's recommendations.  Look, there's a strange object in the sky! 137. desert ۩ desert (n) ‫صحراء‬ ۩ desert (v ) = abandon ‫يهجر‬  This area of the country is mostly desert.  Helen was deserted by her husband. 138. rest - the) rest ۩ rest (v/n) ‫ يستريح‬/ ‫راحة‬ ۩ (the) rest (n ) ‫البقية‬  I need to get some rest. If you're tired, we'll stop and rest for a while.  Two of the attackers were killed, and the rest escaped. 139. sensible- sensitive Sensible ‫ حساس \\مرهف الحس شخص يفهم مشاعر ومشاكل‬Sensitive ‫عاقل – حكيم – رزين‬ ‫الناس أو شخص يتأثر بسهولة‬ Ex: I’m sure Sara will make the right decision. She’s a sensible woman. Coral is very sensitive to changes in water temperature. Sara is very sensitive. She wouldn’t want to hurt anyone. 140. mature - ripe mature )‫ سنة‬22 ‫ناضج (للشخص الذى يزيد سنه عن‬ ripe )‫ناضج (للنبات كالخضار و الفاكهة‬ Ex: I don’t think they’re mature enough to get married. These apples aren’t quite ripe enough to eat. 141. college - colleague college )‫كلية (جامعية‬ colleague ‫زميل‬ Ex: What sort of job do you expect to get after four years at college? I know Mr John very well. He’s a colleague of mine. 142. educate - bring up educate ‫ يعلم‬bring up ‫يربى‬ Ex: It’s not easy to bring up young children. She was educated at Cairo University. 23

143. Provide for - provide with provide something for ‫يوفر شيء لـ‬ provide someone with ‫يمد أو يزود شخص بـ‬ Ex: The government should provide job opportunities for young men. The government should provide young men with job opportunities. 144. Make - Do make friends ‫يتخذ أصدقاء‬ do an operation ‫يقوم بعملية جراحية‬ make sure ‫يتأكــد‬ do a job ‫يؤدي وظيفة‬ make contributions ‫يقوم بإسهامات‬ do work ‫يقوم بالعمل‬ make sense make a decision ‫له معني‬ do the shopping ‫يتسوق‬ make a difference ‫ يتخذ قرار‬/ ‫يقرر‬ do the homework ‫يقوم بواجباته المدرسية‬ to ‫ يكيون ليه‬/ ‫يحيدث اخيتلاف فيي‬ make a mistake ‫تأثير علي‬ do wrong ‫يخطئ‬ make parts of cars ‫يخطئ‬ make a fire ‫يصنع أجزاء السيارات‬ do good ‫يُفيـد‬ make a suggestion ‫يشعل نارا‬ do harm ‫يضــر‬ make a promise ‫يقدم اقتراح‬ do the washing up ‫يقوم بغسل الأواني‬ make 34ments ‫يَعد‬ do the cleaning ‫يقوم بالتنظيف‬ ‫يحقق انجازات‬ do the sweeping ‫يقوم بالكنس‬ do a favour ‫يقدم خدمة أو معروف‬ ‫يقوم بعمل بحث أو دراسية (فيي‬ make peace ‫يحقق السلام‬ do a project )‫مدرسة أو جامعة‬ ‫يقوم بعمل أبحاث‬ make war ‫يشن حرب‬ do research ‫ العشاء‬/ ‫يعد الغداء‬ ‫يستغني عن‬ make ‫يرتب السرير‬ do without lunch/dinner ‫يقرر‬ ‫يصفف شعره‬ ‫يثير ضوضاء‬ do (his) hair make the bed do )‫يفعل شيء (لا شيء‬ make up (his) something/nothing mind do the cooking ‫يقوم بالطهي‬ make a noise 145. adapt– adopt adapt to : change to suit new needs. ‫يتكيف مع – يتأقلم مع‬ * Children adapt themselves to new situations. adopt : take ( a child – an idea – a plan ) ) ‫ فكرة – خطة‬-‫يتبنى ( طفل‬ *They don't have children, so they decided to adopt a child. * The company adopted his idea. 150. stop + to- stop + v+ing .1  stop + to + ‫يتوقف لعمل شيء المصدر‬  * I was hungry, so I stopped to eat something. stop + v+ing= give up ‫يتوقف عن عمل شيء‬ * At last, I stopped smoking 151. spend + ‫ وقت‬+ v+ing - spend + ‫ نقود‬+on  spend + ‫ وقت‬+ v+ing ‫يقضى وقتا فى عمل شيء‬ * Some children spend a lot of time watching TV. 24

spend + ‫ نقود‬+on ‫ينفق مالا على شيء‬ * The government spends a lot of money on football. 152. Proud  Proud ‫فخور‬ proud of ‫فخور ﺑ‬ * We are proud of our scientists who do their best for the progress and welfare of our country. proud to + ‫المصدر‬ ‫فخور أن‬ * Axel was proud to be his uncle's assistant. proud that + ‫فاعل‬ ‫فخور ان‬ They are proud that she is doing well at school. proud to be + n \\v.ing ‫فخور لكونه‬ 1- I am proud to be Egyptian. 2- I am proud to be helping to build a modern country. 153. well-knownto - well-known for  well-known to .....‫معرف لدى‬ * He is well-known to everyone.  well-known for ‫معروف أو مشهور ب‬ * He is well-known for his bravery. 154. delegation – mission- deputation A delegation. ‫ تفويض‬- ‫ وفد‬- ‫بعثة‬ * Russia demanded that Unita send a delegation to the peace talks. A mission ‫ بعثة – ارسالية دينية‬-‫مهمة‬ * He is a senior member of a diplomatic mission. A deputation ‫ تفويض‬- ‫وفد‬ * A deputation of elders from the village arrived headed by its chief. A delegate = representative ‫ يفوض‬- ‫مندوب‬ 1- My boss delegated me to solve the problem. 2- Last weekend the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland held a conference, attended by 450 delegates. 155. junior – senior ً‫الأقل أهميه – الأصغر – الأحدث عهدا‬ junior * A company needed a junior architect. ‫أرقى – الأكبر سناً – الأرشد‬ senior * TV and radio needed many women in senior jobs. full-tmme 156. full-time – part-time ‫نهاية الوقت فى المباريات – الوقت كاملا‬ 1- My father works full-time as a driver. 2- The score at full time was Zamalek 1, Ahly 1. part-time ‫جزء من الوقت‬ 25

1- I am part-time. I work 3 days a week. 2- A part-time accountant needed at University of Science. [10 – 15 h. a week] 157. train train ….. in ‫ على‬.... ‫يدرب‬ * Children should be trained in good manners. train as + ‫وظيفه‬ ‫يتدرب كـ‬ * She trained as a pilot. train for )‫يتدرب لـ (سباق‬ * She spends two hours trained for the race. 158. surgeon – physician surgeon ‫جراح‬ * A doctor who performs operation is a surgeon. physician ‫طبيب معالج‬ * A doctor who treats diseases is a physician. 159. agree – accept agree to + inf. \\ noun ‫يوافق‬ 1- He agreed to sign the papers. 2- He agreed to our plan. ‫يتفق مع‬ agree with (someone) * I'm afraid I don't agree with you. agree on (something) ‫مجموعه تتفق على شيئ‬ * We agreed on a price for the car. ‫متفق على‬ agree that (sentence) * It was agreed that he was the thief. accept ( invitation / apology / condolences / bribes ) )‫ رشوة‬/ ‫ تعازي‬/‫ اعتذار‬/ ‫يقبــل ( دعوة‬ * He didn't accept her apology. 160. brain – mind – memory – memories brain ) ‫المخ ( عضو بالجسم يتحكم فيه‬ * The brain controls the parts of the body. mind ) ‫ شيئ ليس له وجود‬...... ‫العقل ( طريقة التفكير‬ * He changed his mind and bought the car. mind (v.) ‫يمانع‬ * I don’t mind helping you. memory ‫الذاكره‬ * My mobile has 1GB card memory. memories ‫ذكريات‬ * We have good and bad memories. foreigner 161. foreigner – stranger ) ‫أجنبى ( شخص من دوله أخرى‬ * He isn't from Egypt, he is a foreigner. 26

stranger ) ‫غريب ( شخص لا أعرفه‬ * I'm a stranger here, I don't know where the post office is. sleep 162. sleep ‫ينام‬ ‫ينام‬ * I always sleep at 12 at night. sleepy ‫ منعوس‬- ‫يغلبه النوم‬ * While I was watching the film, I felt sleepy. asleep ‫نائم‬ * The baby is asleep. fast asleep ‫مستغرق فى النوم‬ * He is fast asleep, He doesn't move. sleeping ‫صفه لغير العاقل‬ * The train has sleeping rooms. 163. Do a favour – favourable – favourite- in favour of do a favour ‫معروف – جميل‬ * He did me a favour I won’t forget. favourable ‫مؤيد – مشجع – فى صالح‬ * The reviews on his films are favourable. favourite ‫مفضل – محبوب‬ * My favourite sport is football. in favour of ‫مؤيد لـ‬ * We are in favour of his thoughts. 164. die ‫يموت‬ die of ‫يموت بسبب مرض أو جوع أو عطش‬ * He died of cancer. ‫ينقرض‬ die out * Some dangerous animals died out. make + ‫ مفعول‬+ to ‫مصدر بدون‬ 165. make ‫يجعل‬ make + ‫ شئ‬/ ‫ شخص‬+ ‫صفه‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫يجعل‬ 1- They made him study hard. 2- Capital makes business successful. 166. Debit card – Credit card Debit card ‫بطاقة مسبوقة الدفع وعند شراء شيء يخصم ثمنه من حسابك مباشرة‬ Credit card ‫بطاقة ائتمان وتستخدم في الشراء ويتم خصم الثمن من الحساب فيما بعد‬ 167. another – other - others another + ‫اسم مفرد يعد‬. / one (= one more / a different one) ‫ إضافى‬/ ‫أخر‬ This tea is nice. I’d like another cup. He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one. another + (few / number : two, three,….) 27

The woman lived for another ten days. ‫أخر‬ I’d like to stay here for another few weeks. other + ‫اسم جمع يعد‬/ (‫)و أحيانا اسم لا يعد‬ I need to discuss this with other colleagues. There was certainly other information. )‫( لا تجمع‬ others + v. ‫يمكن أن تأتى في نهاية الجملة‬ Some people are rich; others ‫ البعض الأخر‬are poor. Some writers are greater than others ‫الآخرين‬. currency 168. Currency – coin - banknote ‫عملة الدوله‬ *The pound is the currency of Egypt. coin ‫عمله معدنيه‬ * Coins are easy to use. banknote ‫عمله ورقيه‬ * The assistant asked the client to pay banknotes. 169. exchange exchange ( n, v ) ‫إستبـدال أو تبـادل ـ يستبـدل بـ ـ يتبـادل‬ * I'd like to exchange this shirt. exchange …. For ( ‫يستبـدل ( شيئـا بشـئ أو شخصـا بشخـص آخـر‬ * She exchanged a blouse for a skirt. ‫ مـع شخـص‬.... ‫يتبـادل‬ exchange…. With * He exchanged things with his friends. ‫ على سبيـل المبـادلـة‬، ‫فى مقـابـل‬ in exchange for = in return with * She gave her friend a skirt in exchange for a blouse. 170. guidebook – guideline guidebook )‫دليل للسياح ( يعطى معلومات عن الأماكن‬ * Have you got a guidebook to Cairo? guideline ‫نصائح عن كيفية فعل الأشياء‬ * He is drawing up some new guidelines about health and safety in schools. 171. encourage to +inf ‫يشجع علي‬/ discourage from + v+ing ‫يمنع من‬ 1- We should encourage our children to read. 2- We should discourage people from polluting the environment. co-operate on 172. co- operate ‫يتعاون فى‬ * Birds cooperate on some jobs. co-operate with ‫يتعاون مع شخص‬ * We should cooperate with Ahmed. co-operate to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫يتعاون لكى‬ * Players need to cooperate to succeed. 28

sports relating to sport 173. sports ‫صفـة تاتى قبل الاسم‬ * It's the school sports day on Monday. sports man ‫الرياضى‬ * He'll be remembered both as a brilliant footballer and as a true sportsman. sporty ‫صفه تأتى قبل الإسم‬ * We're a very sporty family. 171. life )‫الحياة بصفة عامة (لا تجمع‬ 1- The heart is the pump of life. 2- There is no evidence ‫ دليل‬of life on other planets. a life ‫تستخدم عندما نتحدث عن نوع معين من الحياة‬ 1- He had a difficult life. 2- She decided to start a new life in Australia. the life ‫تستخدم عادة عند الحديث عن حياة شخص ما‬ - She read a book about the life of Lincoln. 175. poetry – prose poetry ‫فـن الشعـر الذي يقـدر الجمـال و المشـاعر‬ - Farouk Gowaida writes poetry. ‫نثـر‬ prose - Newspaper articles are written in prose. 176. coast – shore – beach – bank coast ‫ســاحل‬ - Alex. is located on the north coast of Egypt. ‫شـاطئ البحـر‬ shore - I saw some boats on the shore of the sea. beach ) ‫البـلاج ( الجـزء الرملـى عنـد حافـة البحـر‬ - We sat on the beach and ate ice cream. ‫ضفـة النهــر أو القنــاة‬ bank - Trees grow along the bank of rivers. 177. see- watch see ‫يـرى ـ يبصــر‬ - I can't see without my glasses. ‫يفكــر‬ see = think - Let me see for a while. ‫يودع‬ see (someone) off - I saw my friend off at the airport. ‫يفهم‬ see = understand - They couldn't see my point of view. ‫يشاهــد ـ يراقـب‬ watch - We watch TV every day. ‫يحــرس‬ watch - He felt that God was watching over him. 29

178. elder – older ‫الأكبر‬ elder (‫ )في محيط العائلة‬than ‫ لا يأتي بعدها‬elder sister / elder brother * She is my elder sister. eldest (‫ )في محيط العائلة‬eldest sister / eldest brother * He is the eldest member of the family. older (than) )‫تستخدم في المقارنة عموما(للعاقل وغير العاقل‬ * She is five years older than me. oldest )‫تستخدم في التفضيل عموما (للعاقل وغير العاقل‬ * He is the oldest student in our class. 179. take‫يأخذ‬ take part in = share in = participate in ‫يشـارك‬ * Did you take part in the poetry competition? ‫يحـدث‬ take place = happen = occur * When did the accident take place? ‫يحـل محـل‬ take the place of = replace * He resigned and I took his place. ‫يستنـزف كثيـر مـن‬ take up much of * He took much of his money. ‫يخلـع – تقلـع‬ take off 1- When I returned home, I took off my coat. 2- The plane took off at ten. ‫يتـولى مهمـة‬ take over * After his father's death he took over his work. ‫يشبـه‬ take after * She took her mother completely. 180. sea level ‫مستوى سطح البحر‬ above sea level ‫فوق مستوي سطح البحر‬ They live about 3,000 metres above sea level. below sea level ‫تحت مستوي سطح البحر‬ They can swim 100 metres below sea level. 181. child – toddler – teenager – adolescent - youth child ( baby ) ( an infant ) ‫طفـل صغيـر‬ * He is still a child. He cries all the time. toddler (‫ سنه‬2 ‫ ـ‬1 ‫الطفـل الذي تعلم المشي ( السن‬ * A child who has just learned to walk is a toddler. teenager = adolescen ) ‫سنه‬11 ‫ الي‬13 ‫مـراهق (السن‬ * Children aged 13 to 19 are teenager. ‫شـاب‬ youth = young people * The police arrested several youth who were fighting. 182. professional – amateur professional ) ‫محترف (يلعب من اجل المال‬ * He plays for money, he is a professional. 31

amateur ‫هاوي‬ * He is an amateur, he doesn't take money. 183. by himself – for himself by himself = alone = on his own ‫بنفسة‬ * He wrote the story by himself. ‫لنفسة‬ for himself * He climbed the mountain not only for himself but for Egypt. 184. think of = think about ‫ عند السؤال عن الرأي‬/ ‫يفكر في‬ 1- I'm thinking of / about buying a new car. 2- What do you think of / about this shirt? think of ‫ يفكر في ا خرين‬/ ‫يتذكر‬ 1- I can't think of her name now. 2- You should think of other people. export ……… to: 185. export / import: ‫ الى‬...... ‫يصدر‬ * This company exports fresh vegetables and fruits to many countries. import …… from: ‫ من‬....... ‫يستورد‬ * Many countries import cotton from Egypt. 186. harbour / port harbour ‫ المكان الذى ترسو به السفن‬:‫مرفأ‬ * The weather was too rough for the fishing boats to leave harbour yesterday. port ‫ المنطقه التى تأتى اليها وتغادر منها السفن‬:‫ميناء‬ 1- Alexandria is a famous port in Egypt. 2- The damaged ship reached the port safely. 187. made of / made from / made in / made by: made from: )‫مصنوع من (المادة المصنع منها الشئ تتغير و لا نراها‬ * Bread is made from flour, water and yeast. made of: )‫مصنوع من ( المادة المصنع منها الشئ لا تتغير و نراها‬ * Furniture is made of wood. )‫ سنة‬/ ‫مصنوع فى (مكان‬ made in: 1- We should buy goods made in Egypt. 2- This car was made in 2007. ‫مصنوع بواسطة‬ made by: * This dress was made by a clever dressmaker. 188. affect (v.) ‫ يؤثر على‬/ effect (n.) ‫تأثير‬ affect + ‫ مفعول‬+ ‫حال‬ * Smoking affects health badly. affect = have an effect on have a/an + ‫ صفة‬+ effect + on + ‫مفعول‬ * Smoking has a bad effect on health. 189. hire / rent: )‫يستأجر (لفترة قصيرة‬hire: 31

* You can hire a dress for the party if you can't afford to buy one. ‫يؤجر‬hire out: * I hire out my boat by the day. )‫يستأجر (لفترة طويلة‬rent: for a cruise this summer.‫ *يخت‬I'd like to rent a yacht ‫ يؤجر‬rent out: * He owns a three-bedroom house that he rents out. 190. start ‫يبدأ‬ start with = begin with + n. start by = begin by + v-ing 1- Let's begin with exercise B. 2- He started his speech by telling us something about his life. indoor (adj.): 191. indoor / indoors: )‫داخل المنزل أو مكان مغلق (صفة يليها اسم‬ * Chess is an indoor game. )‫داخل المنزل أو مكان مغلق (ظرف مكان‬indoors (adv.): * He spent the whole day indoors 192. Suggest Suggest: + v-ing ‫يقترح‬ * He suggested sending Frank some flowers. Suggest (that) +Sub+ inf. 1- He suggested that I prune the trees. ‫يشذب‬ 2- He suggested that she come early. 193. continuously – continually continuously )‫بإستمرار (بدون توقف – بلا إنقطاع‬ * It has rained continuously for 2 days. continually )‫بإستمرار (يتخلله فترات توقف‬ * You continually criticize her behaviour. 194.Play – go – do: play ‫تستخدم غالبا مع الألعاب التي تستخدم فيها الكرة‬ play )football, basketball, hockey, soccer, tennis, squash ‫اسكواش‬, table-tennis, rackets, ping- pong, volleyball) go ing ‫تستخدم غالبا مع الرياضات التي تنتهي بـ‬ go (swimming, jogging ‫ = جرى ﺑطئ‬slow running, sailing ‫يبحر‬, dancing‫يرقص‬ water-skiing‫ يتزحلق على الماء‬, running, scuba-diving, riding, hunting‫ يصطاد‬, climbing ‫) يتسلق‬ : do ‫ نستخدم‬a lot of ‫ أو‬some ‫ يسبقها‬ing ‫ لاحظ أنه إذا كانت الرياضة المنتهية بـ‬ * I did some scuba diving last week. do ‫تستخدم مع الرياضات الأخرى‬ do (gymnastics / karate / athletics / sports) 32

‫ بمعنى يجرب و يأتى غالبا فى الجمل المنفية‬do ‫ يمكن أن نستخدم الفعل‬ * Sailing is fun, but I have never done it before. sport / sports ‫ مع‬do / play ‫ تستخدم‬ do / play (a sport / sports) * Do you do any sports? Yes, I play hockey. :ing ‫ مع الرياضات المنتهية بـ‬gone ‫ بدلا من‬been ‫ يمكن استخدام‬ * Have you ever gone swimming? / Have you ever been swimming? ………………………………………………………………………………  achieve a goal )‫يحقق هدف (في الحياة‬  score a goal )‫يسجل هدف (في مباراة مثلا‬ ………………………………………………………………………………………. 195. ingredient – compounds – elements – mixture – components: ingredient: ) ‫مقادير ـ مقومات ( شئ‬ 1- Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries. 2- She has got the essential ingredients for success. compounds: ) ‫مركب ( كيميائى‬ * Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. elements: ‫عنصر ـ مقدار قليل‬ 1- Customer relations is an important element in the job. 2- Oxygen and carbon are elements. mixture: ) ‫مزيج ـ خليط ( بدون تفاعل كيمائى‬ 1- Add the eggs to the mixture and beat well. 2- The city is a mixture of old and new buildings. components: ‫مكون ـ جزء أساسى‬ * The engine is one of the essential components of the car. once: 196. once ‫في وقت ما في الماضي ـ ذات مرة‬ * Once, people were hunters. Their food came from animals. once: ‫بمجرد أن‬ * Once I get the news, I'll phone you. ‫مرة واحدة‬ once: * She visits her grandparents once every six months. 197. hope – wish: hope: ‫(يتمنى) يأتي بعدها إما مضارع بسيط أو مستقبل‬ * I hope he passes / will pass the test. hope: ) to + ‫ويأتي بعدها ) المصدر‬ * I hope to win the first prize. wish: ‫يأتى بعدها ماضي بسيط للتعبير عن التمني في الحاضر‬ * I don't have a camera. I wish I had a camera. wish: ‫يأتي بعدها ماضي تام للتعبير عن التمني في الماضى‬ * I failed the exam. I wish I hadn't failed the exam. I wish I had passed the exam. 33

wish: ( would ) ‫ ( أو‬I / we ) ‫ ) مع الضمائر‬could ) ‫للتعبير عن التمني في المستقبل يأتي بعدها‬ * I wish I could see my friends tomorrow. 198. limit – border – edge limit ‫حد‬ * You mustn't exceed the speed limit. It is against the law. border ‫حد بين دولتين‬ * There is no problem between Egypt and The Sudan on borders. edge ‫حافة الشيء‬ * He put the cup at the edge of the table. 199. pesticide – herbiside - insecticide pesticide ‫مبيد آفات‬ * I encourage vegetables grown without using pesticides. herbicide ‫مبيد أعشاب‬ * The use of herbicides in Egypt was effective. insecticide ‫مبيد حشرى‬ * The use of insecticide at homes should be rationalized. 200. rot – decompose - decay rot ‫يتعفن ـ يفسد‬ * Scientists could modify the gene of tomatoes so that they don't rot so quickly. decompose ‫يتحلل ( إلى عناصره الرئيسية ) ـ ينحل‬ * As the waste materials decompose, they produce methane gas. decay ‫يتحلل ( تدريجيا بعوامل طبيعية ) ـ يضعف‬ * Children's teeth decay quickly because of sugar. offer: 201. offer / give: ‫ يقدم‬/ ‫يعرض‬ 1- She was offered a job in Paris. 2- Can I offer you a drink? ‫ يمنح‬/ ‫يعطى‬ give: * He gave me a nice present. catch: 202. catch / hunt: ‫ يمسك‬/ ‫يصيد‬ 1- He went to the sea to catch fish. 2- The police ran after the thief and caught him at the end of the street. hunt: ‫يطارد بغرض الصيد‬ * They hunted the deer for 5 hours before they could finally catch it. advise: 203. advise / recommend: ‫ينصح‬ 1- My father advised me to study hard. 2- My doctor advised me not to smoke. ‫اسم‬recommend + ‫ يثنى على‬/ ‫ يوصى بــ‬/ ‫ يرشح‬/ ‫ ينصح‬/ v. + ing: 1- He recommended (advised) me to buy one of these radios. 34

2- He recommended me a good book to read. 3- My uncle recommended me for a job in the bank. 4- I recommend spending the weekend in Luxor. 204. try ‫يحاول‬ try + to + ‫ مصدر‬: ‫يحاول عمل شئ و غالبا لا ينجح‬ * He tried to climb the tree but he couldn't. = He failed to climb the tree. try + v. + ing : ‫ يقوم بعمل شئ ليرى نتيجته‬/ ‫يحاول عمل شئ و غالبا ينجح‬ 1- He tried climbing the tree and he did it. = He succeeded in climbing the tree. 2- A: I have a bad headache. B: Try taking an aspirin. = Take an aspirin and see the result. 205. sink / drown: sink )‫ يُغرق (عادة للسفن و القوارب‬/ ‫يغرق‬ 1- The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean. 2- The big blue whale sank the fishing boat. ‫ ينخفض‬/ ‫يقل‬ sink * The Egyptian pound has sunk to its lowest level against the dollar. ‫انخفض الجنيه المصري إلي أدني مستوي له في مقاﺑل الدولار‬ drown )‫يغرق (عادة للأشخاص‬ * Two boys drowned while they were swimming. 206. whenever- whoever - wherever - whatever  whenever = every time or any time ‫ عندما‬/ ‫حينما‬ 1- Whenever she comes, she brings us some presents. 2- I can meet you whenever you like.  whoever = the person who or any person ‫ أيا كان‬/‫اى شخص‬ * Whoever pollutes the environment should be punished.  wherever = to any place or every place ‫ حيثما‬/ ‫أينما‬ * Wherever he goes, he makes friends. ‫اى شيء‬  whatever = anything or everything * You can eat whatever you like. 207. purpose – aim – intention – plan: purpose ‫غرض‬ * Our compaign's main purpose is to raise money for charity. aim ‫هدف‬ * Our main aim is to increase our exports to Europe. intention ‫نية ـ قصد‬ * I have no intention to go to the party. plan ) ‫خطة ( ما قررت عمله وترتيبه‬ * There is no plan to build new metro stations. 208. story - storey 35

story ‫قصة‬ * He told me a very boring story. ‫طابق‬ storey * We live in a five-storey building. middle 209. middle - centre )‫ فترة زمنية‬/ ‫ شارع‬/ ‫منتصف (طريق‬ the middle of the street / the middle of the road / the middle of the century / in the middle of the night ‫ مركز‬/ ‫وسط‬ centre city centre / town centre / the centre of attention overlook = look over 210. overlook ‫يطل علي‬ * My flat overlooks the Nile. ‫يتغاضي عن‬ overlook * I usually overlook his mistake because he's still too young.  view / scene / scenery / sight / sights view )‫منظر طبيعي (غالبا نراه من مكان معين‬ * I want a room with a view of the sea scene ‫ مكان وقوع حدث معين‬/ )‫مشهد (في مسرحية مثلا‬ * The police arrived at the scene of the accident / crime scenery )‫ غابات‬/ ‫ أنهار‬/ ‫وديان‬/ ‫مناظر طبيعية (جبال‬ * During the journey, they stopped to admire the scenery. 211. move move = move in )‫ ينتقل لسكن جديد (لا يأتي بعدها مفعول‬/ ‫يغير سكنه‬ * He didn't like his house, so he decided to move. move into + ‫مفعول‬ * He decided to move into a new house. 212. insulate - isolate insulate ‫يغطي بمادة عازلة للصوت أو الكهرباء أو الحرارة‬ 1- These wires are insulated. ‫معزول‬ 2- It’s too cold outside, but this building is well insulated. isolate ‫يفصل شيء أو شخص عن أخر‬ * People who have infectious diseases ‫ أمراض معدية‬are often isolated from others. 213. get in – get into get in )‫يدخل (بدون مفعول‬ * The door was locked, so she couldn't get in. get into )‫يدخل (بعدها مفعول‬ * The door was locked, so he got into the house through the window. conduct 214. conduct ‫يوصل حرارة ـ كهرباء‬ * Wood doesn't conduct heat or elecricity. conduct ‫يتصرف‬ 36

* He conducted himself far better than expected. 215. stairs – escalator – elevator – lift stairs ‫السلم‬ * The stairs of his house are made of oak. escalator ) ‫سلم متحرك ( كهربى‬ * An escalator carries people among different floors of a large building. elevator ( lift ) ) ‫مصعد ( كهربى‬ * Ahmed's flat is on the sixth floor. Let's take the elevator ( lift ). 216. announcement – advertisement – commercial announcement ‫إعلان (غالبا بصفة رسمية) عن شيء حدث أو سيحدث‬ * The boss said that he had an important announcement to make. advertisement ‫إعلان الهدف منه إقناع الناس بشراء منتج أو خدمة معينة‬ * I often read newspaper advertisements for new cars. commercial ‫إعلان تجاري يُذاع في الراديو أو التليفزيون بين البرامج‬ * There are often too many commercials between TV programs. conductor 217. conductor ) ‫محصل تذاكر ( فى أتوبيس أو قطار‬ * Ahmed is a bus conductor. conductor ‫موصل حرارة أو كهرباء‬ * Wood isn't a conductor of electricity. politician 218. politician - diplomat ‫رجل السياسة‬ * Yesterday's interview was a debate between two politicians. diplomat ) ‫دبلوماسى ( فى سفارة أو فى وزارة الخارجية‬ * Ahmed works as a diplomat in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. prove 219. prove - proof ‫يثبـت‬ * He proved that he is innocent. proof ‫دليل ـ برهان‬ * Can you provide any proof of identity? 220. by – on - in by ( car / taxi / train / plane / boat …etc).‫تستخدم قبل وسائل المواصلات إذا لم يسبقها أداة أو صفة ملكية‬ * He went to Cairo by bus. on ( car – taxi ) ‫تستخدم قبل وسائل المواصلات إذا سبقها أداة أو صفة ملكية ما عدا‬ * He travelled to Cairo on the train. ( car – taxi ) ‫تستخدم إذا سبقها أداة أو صفة ملكية قبل‬ in * We went to Mansoura in my car. civilization 221. civilization - civility ‫حضارة ـ تحضر‬ * The civilization of the ancient Egyptians were great. civility ) ‫لطف ـ مجاملة ( فى المعاملة‬ 37

* staff members trained to treat customers with civility at all times. treasure 222. treasure - treasury ‫كنز‬ * The ancient Egyptians put treasures beside their dead kings in tombs. treasury ‫الخزانة العامة‬ * Treasury is the government department that control public money. adviser 223. adviser - consultant ‫ناصح ـ مرشد‬ * He is a special adviser to the president on education. consultant ) ‫مستشار ( دكتور ـ خبير‬ * He owns a firm of management consultants. oppose 224. oppose - protest ‫يعارض ـ يقاوم‬ 1- He threw all those who opposed him in prison. 2- I would oppose changing the law. protest ) ‫يحتج ـ يعترض ( رسميا‬ * They fully intend to protest the decision. desert 225. desert - dessert ‫صحراء ـ يهجر‬ * They were lost in the desert for nine days. dessert ‫الحلو بعد الأكل‬ * He deserted his wife and family for another woman. search 226. search - search for ‫يفتش‬ * When the police caught the thief, they searched him. search for = look for ‫يبحث عن‬ * Police are searching for a tall woman in a white coat. 227. like = keen on - fond of - interested in ‫يحب‬ * She likes reading. ‫متحمس لـ‬ (be) keen on * She is keen on reading. ‫مغرم بـ‬ (be) fond of ‫مهتم بـ‬ * She is fond of reading. (be) interested in * She is interested in reading. 228. battle – quarrel - dispute battle ‫معركة ـ قتال بين أشخاص‬ * He was killed in a fierce battle with the criminals. quarrel ‫نزاع ـ شجار‬ * He didn't mention the quarrel with his classmate. dispute ) ‫خلاف أو نزاع ( بين دولتين أو شخصين أو مجموعتين على أرض أو حدود‬ 38

* There is a dispute between the two countries about borders. persuade 229. persuade - convince ) ‫يقنع ( شخصا ليقوم بعمل شئ بإعطائه أسباب مقنعة‬ * I have tried to persuade her to see a doctor. convince ) ‫يقنع ( شخصا بأن شيئا ما صحيح‬ * I convinced myself ( that ) I was right. settlement 230. settlement ) ‫تسوية ( نزاع مثلا‬ * The two countries have reached a settlement over borders. settlement ‫مستوطنة ـ استيطان‬ * A settlement is a place where a group of people live. 231. be located on - be located in - lie be located on = be situated on = lie ‫موقع علي بحر أو نهر أو محيط‬ * The hotel is (situated) located on the lake side. be located in = be situated in ‫موقع مكان في دولة أو قارة‬ * The office is located in the city center. ‫يقــع‬ lie * The house lies on the lake side. ‫يكـذب علـى‬ lie to * He always lies to his father. ‫يكـذب بخصوص‬ lie about * He lies about escaping from school. 232.use to - use for - used to - ( be ) used to use + object + to + inf ‫يستخـدم‬ * We use wood to make furniture . ( use for ) ‫يستخـدم‬ use + object + for + ( v + ing ) * We use wood for making furniture . used to + (inf) ‫مصـدر‬ ( verb ) ‫فعــل‬ ) ‫إعتـاد أن ( يعبـر عـن عـادة كانـت تحـدث فـى الماضـى ولـم تعـد تحـدث ا ن ويأتـى بعـده المصـدر‬ 1- I used to play football . 2- She used to study hard. (be) used to + ( v + ing ) ( adj ) ‫صفــة‬ ( v + ing ) ‫معتـاد علـى ( تعبـر عن عـادة تحـدث فى الوقـت الحاضـر وتأتـى بعـدها‬ 1- I'm used to playing football . 2- He is used to playing chess. 233. supply supply (someone / something) with ‫ يزود بـ‬/ ‫يمد‬ * We should supply our schools with modern technology. supply (something) to.. ‫ يزود بــ‬/ ‫يمد‬ * His parents supplied a lot of books to him. supplies = food or other items necessary for living )‫ مياه‬/ ‫ طبية‬/ ‫إمدادات (غذائية‬  After the earthquake, a lot of people were in need of food and medical supplies. 39

234. hardly (any / ever) = almost not )‫ تقريبا لا (تدل علي النفي‬/ ‫بالكاد‬ * We have hardly any money. = We have almost no money. 235. Try ‫ يجرب‬/ ‫يحاول‬ 1- He tried to catch the thief, but he couldn't/ 2- You should try this salad. It's delicious. try on ‫يقيس‬ * You can try on this shirt in the fitting room. 236. wear wear away ‫يتآكل ويصبح أقل سمكا نتيجة لكثرة الاستخدام‬ * The inscription ‫ نقوش‬on the coin ‫ عملة معدنية‬wore away. wear down ‫ يتغلب بالتدريج علي‬/ ‫يُضعف‬ * She was worn down by overwork. wear off ‫يختفي أثره أو يزول بالتدريج‬ * The pain in my knee is slowly wearing off. wear on )‫يمر ببطء (للوقت‬ * As the week wore on, she discovered that she didn't do anything useful. wear out ‫يبلي ولا يصلح للاستخدام‬ * My boots wore out. I need to buy a new pair. recommend + V-ing / n. 236. recommend ‫يرشح‬ * I recommend sending him an e-mail. ‫يوصـى بـ ـ يرشـح‬ recommend ‫ شــئ‬to ‫شخـص‬ * I recommend this book to you. recommend ‫ شخـص‬for ‫شــئ‬ * She can recommend the right person for the job. recommend ‫ شخـص‬to ‫شـــئ‬ * He recommended me a good book to read. 237. reputation - fame reputation ) ‫سمعة ( آراء الناس‬ * She soon acquired a reputation as a first – class cook. fame ‫شهرة‬ * He went to Hollywood in search of fame and fortune. earner 238. earner - breadwinner ‫كاسب رزق ـ مصدر ربح أو دخل‬ 1- We have two wage earners in the family. 2- Tourism is the country's biggest foreign currency earner. breadwinner ‫عائل الأسرة‬ * A breadwinner is a person who supports his family with the money he earns. 239. souvenir – memory - memorial souvenir ‫هدية تذكارية‬ * Tourists always buy souvenirs from Khan ElKhalili. memory ‫الذاكـرة‬ 41

* My mobile has 1GB card memory. ‫ذكـري‬ memory * We have good and bad memories. ‫نُ ُصب تذكاري‬ memorial * The wall was built as a memorial to soldiers who died in Vitnam. intend to + inf. 240. intend ‫ يقصد‬/ ‫ينوي‬ * She intended to get the early train, but she didn't get up in time. be intended to + inf. * This program is intended to help old people. be intended for + n. ‫ الهدف منه‬/ ‫المقصود به‬ * It is intended for old people. go on + (v + ing) 241. go on - go on to ‫يستمر فى عمل نفس الشئ‬ * We can't go on fishing like this. go on to + (inf) ‫يستمر فى عمل شئ آخر‬ * The teacher went on to explain the lesson. caution 242. caution - warning ‫حذر‬ * Sick animals should be handled with great caution. warning ‫تحذير ـ إنذار‬ * The referee gave the footballer a warning. hence 243. hence - hedge ‫ســور‬ * My house is enclosed with a fence. ‫سياج ـ سور من الأشجار‬ hedge * Our garden has a beautiful hedge that separates it from my uncle's. alarm 244. alarm - ultimatum ‫جهاز إنذار ـ إنذار بخطر‬ 1- I hammered on all the doors to raise the alarm. 2- A car alarm went off in the middle of the night. ultimatum ) ‫إنذار خطير ( لشخص أو لدولة للخضوع لشئ ما‬ * The government issued an ultimatum to the rebels to surrender. spend time + V + ing. 245. spend: ‫يقضي الوقت في‬ * She spent the afternoon reading a science fiction story. spend money on .. ‫ينفق المال على‬ * She spent most of her money on clothes. 246. diary – dairy: diary ‫مفكرة‬ * He forgot to write the date of the meeting in his diary. dairy ‫ معمل ألبان‬/ ‫متعلق بمنتجات الألبان‬ 41

* Milk, butter and cheese are dairy products. 247. melt - dissolve melt ) ‫يصهر ـ ينصهر ( بالحرارة‬ * The heat melted the snow. ) ‫يذوب ـ يذيب ( فى سائل‬ dissolve * Dissolve these pills in water. ability 248. ability - capacity ‫قدرة ـ مقدرة‬ * A gentle form of exercise will increase your ability to relax. capacity ‫سعـة‬ * The theatre has a seating capacity of 2000. permission 249. permission - allowance ‫إذن‬ * Did your father give you a permission to use his car? allowance ‫مصروف ـ علاوة‬ * His father gives him a small monthly allowance. 250. erupt - revolt erupt ) ‫يثور ـ ينفجر ( بركان‬ * If a volcano erupts, it sends out smoke and fire into the sky. revolt ) ‫يثور على ( وضع ـ نظام‬ * Teenagers always revolt against parental discipline. 251. Provide with - provide for *provide …… with …… ! ‫يزود‬........... ‫يمد ب‬ Who provides him with money? ‫يوفر‬ *provide ……for …… Who provides money for him? 252. Power / force / energy power ‫قوة – سلطة – طاقة – قوة محركة‬ The ship was helpless against the power of the storm. Solar power ‫طاقة شمسية‬ Force ‫قوة – قوة عسكرية‬ The force of the explosion knocked them to the ground. Energy ‫طاقة‬ Oil, wind and sun are sources of energy. 253. Turn on / turn off / turn into   turn off / switch off the lights  ‫يتحول الي‬ Energy from the flowing water is turned into electricity. Rubbish is burnt and converted into energy. 254.  pressure (n.) – ‫ضغط‬  pressure (v.) -‫يرغم‬-‫يجبر‬  pressure groups ‫جماعات‬ 42

‫موقف صع‬ ‫يضغط‬ ‫الضغط‬ Teachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours.  The president is under pressure to resign. The pressure groups influence the government s decision to open the road to Gaza. 255.  Nuclear fission (n.) ‫ انشطار نووي‬Nuclear fusion ( n. ) ‫اندماج نووي‬  nuclear weapons / wastes ‫اسلحة – نفايات‬ nuclear reactor(n.) ‫مفاعل نووي‬ *Egypt plans to use nuclear fuels to generate electricity. *Nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be stored for thousands of years before it is safe.. *Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people's health and to the environment..  renewable (adj.) ‫متجدد‬ 256.  renew (v.) ‫يستأنف مرة‬-‫ يجدد‬ renewal (n.) ‫تجديد‬ ‫اخري‬  renewables (n.) ‫ طاقات متجددة‬ non renewable ‫غير متجدد‬ I have decided not to renew my driving licence this year.  The next morning the Israeli war planes renewed their bombing on Gaza.  We should depend on the renewable sources of energy 257.  Fashion (n.) ‫ قصص‬ old-fashioned Fashionable ( adj. ) ‫خيالي‬ ‫خيالية‬ *He refused to follow the fashion. *It was fashionable for men to have long hair. *He collects old-fashioned cars. She is fashionably dressed. 258.  Law (n.) lawful (adj.) - ‫شرعي‬  Lawyer (n.) ‫محامي‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫قانوني‬ *His first job was a lawyer. *He is going to start his lawful job as a journalist. *It is against the law not to wear a safety belt. 259.  Customs (n.) ‫عادات‬-‫ عرف‬ traditions ‫ تقاليد او فكر موروث‬ habit (n.) ‫عاة فردية‬ ‫اجماعية‬ I am not familiar with the customs of the European society.  It is one of the football traditions that the players exchange T-shirts after the match. Smoking is a bad habit. Graduated in 260. Graduate ‫ يتخرج في مادة‬He graduated in law and worked as a lawyer. Graduate from ‫ يتخرج من‬ He graduated from Cairo University. A graduate of ‫ خريج‬ He was a graduate of Assuit University. (n.) ‫روتين يومي‬ Red tape (n.) ‫روتين حكومي‬  He has a strict daily routine. The red tape in Egypt hinders investment. 43

261.  Amnesia (n.) ‫قصص خيالية‬ amnesty ‫عفو سياسي –عفو قانوني‬ She could remember nothing about the week and is thought to have suffered from amnesia. 262.  Excavation (n.) ‫تنقيب عن الاثار‬  excavate (v.) ‫ينقب عن الاثار‬  Archaeologists are planning a new excavation in the south of the country. These Roman coins were excavated from a site in Cambridge. 263.  Mousetrap ‫مصيدة‬  mouse mat ‫مفرش ماووس الكومبيوتر‬ After they saw a mouse, they decided to put a mousetrap in the kitchen. 264.  Murder = crime (n.)  murder(v.) ‫ يقتل‬ Murderer (n.)‫مجرم قاتل‬ ‫جريمة‬ She was charged with attempted murder..  She was accused / convicted of murdering her husband. He was a murderous dictator. ‫ديكتاتور سفاح‬ 265.  Poison (n.)-(v.) -‫سم‬  poisonous (adj.) ‫سام‬  poisoned (adj.) ‫مسمم‬ ‫يسمم‬ He tried to poison his wife.  Her father had poisoned her mind against me.  Last year we had a food poisoning as we had eaten salted fish.  Ten people died of poisonous gas yesterday. 266.  shy (adv.)‫خجول بطبعه‬  Shyly ( adv.) ‫بخجل‬ Shyness (n.) ‫خجل‬  He was too shy to say anything to her.  She smiled shyly. ‫خجول من خطأ ارتكبه‬ You have nothing to be ashamed of. 267. Crime  Criminal (n.) (adj.)‫مجرم‬- ‫ اجرامي‬Criminologist (n.) ‫عالم في علم‬ (n.)‫جريمة‬ ‫الجريمة‬  Violent crime is on the increase.  He has a criminal record. The police look for the dangerous criminal. ‫بصعوبة – بالكاد‬ 268.  Hard (adj.) (adv.) ‫صلب‬، ‫ جاد‬ hardly (adv.) ‫ بجد‬،‫باجتهاد‬،  You can't break it. It is very hard.  He is a hard worker. = He works hard. I can hardly hear you .Raise your voice, please. 269.  Root (n.) - ‫اسنان‬/‫ شعر‬/ ‫ جذر نبات‬ rooted(adj.) ‫ متأصل‬ Root out (v.) ‫يستأصل‬ ‫اصل‬ Money is the root of all evils.  Most prejudices are rooted in ignorance. It is our aim to root out corruption.  damaged (adj.) ‫تالف‬ 270.  Damage (n.)-(v.) -‫ تلف‬ damaging (adj.) ‫متلف‬ ‫يتلف‬ He suffered brain damage in the car crash.  Smoking can seriously damage your health.  The world suffers from the damaging effects of pollution.  The storm did a lot of damage.  It will cost a fortune to repair the damage to the roof. 44

271.  short (adj)‫مختصر‬-‫قصير‬  Shortness (n.) ‫قصر‬ Shortage (n.) ‫نقص‬  I am abit short of money.  In short we need more money.  Many African countries suffer from food shortage 272. Carve into (v.) ‫ينحت في‬ carve out (v.) ‫ينحت من‬  The statue was carved out of stone. They had carved their initials into the tree. ‫الجماهير‬ 273.  mass (n.) -‫ حجم –شامل –يتجمع‬-‫ كتلة‬ The masses (n.) ‫قداس‬ massive (adj.)‫ضخم‬  Mess (n.) ‫فوضي‬  One litre of water has a mass of one kilogram.  He failed to win the support of the masses.  He had to repay massive debts. Don’t make a mess in the kitchen.  Basic (adj.) ‫ ريئسي‬-‫اساسي‬ 274.  Base (n.) ‫ قاعدة –مكان‬ basis (n.) bases (pl.)– ‫اساس‬  distant (adj.) ‫بعيد‬ ‫سبب اقامة‬ ‫دائم‬ It is easy to fasten the monitor onto the base.  There is no legal basis for his claims. The basic problem is very simple. 275. Admit (n.) ‫ يعترف‬ Confess (v.) ‫يعترف رسميا‬  He was ashamed to admit his mistake.  She admitted ing the keys. He confessed to the murder. ‫ مؤقت‬ permanent 276.  Temporary  He found a temporary job during the summer holiday. I got a permanent job in Vodafone. 277.  Complain (v.) to ‫ يشكو‬ complain of ‫ يشكو من مرض‬ complain about ‫يشكو شيء‬ ‫الي‬  He complained of toothache.  She complained to her father about her money.  He complained that he didn't get his salary.  She complained about the noise. ‫ جيد في‬ He is good at playing tricks. 278. Good at (adj.) Good for (adj.) ‫مفيد‬-‫ مناسب ل‬ The climate is good for your health. Good to (adj.) ‫ طيب–حنون‬ My granddaughter is very good to me. 279.  Achieve (v.) ‫ينجز – يحقق‬ Achievement (n.) ‫انجاز‬  achievable (adj.) ‫يمكن تحقيقه‬  achiever (adj.) ‫ناجح – انسان منجز‬  I have achieved my ambition.  He is from a family of high achievers. He is very modest about his achievements. 280. diabetes ‫ مرض السكر‬ Diabetic (adj.) ‫مريض بالسكر‬ 45

 People who have diabetes must be very careful about what they eat. She has been diabetic since she was a child. 281. gradual (adj.) ‫ تدريجي‬ gradually (adv.) ‫تدريجيا‬ The change has been gradual.  The voice gradually became louder. 282.  Result (n.) ‫ نتيجة‬ result from (v.) ‫ ينجم عن‬ Result in (v.) ‫يؤدي الي‬ Unemployment is the result of the new economic policy.  There was a food shortage resulting from the lack of rainfall.  Smoking result in cancer. 283. Specialise in Specialise in (v.) ‫ يتخصص في‬ She works for a company specializing in law. Specialist ‫ متخصص‬ He is a specialist in childhood diseases. Specialization ‫ تخصص‬ Specialization is the trend of all scholars. Specially (adv.) ‫ خصوصا‬ I made this specially for you. 284. theory  theory ‫ نظرية‬ in theory ‫ نظريا‬ theoretical ‫نظري‬  theorist ‫ مؤمن بنظرية‬ theoretically ‫نظريا‬  The theory has never been proved yet.  It is theoretically possible. He is a political theorist. 285.Amount of (n.) ‫ كمية من‬A number of (n.) ‫ عدد من‬Amount to + sthg ‫ما يوازي‬  The project will take a huge amount of time and money.  They received a number of complaints. He gave what amounted to an apology. 286. Invisible (adj.) ‫ غير مرئي‬Invisibility ‫اخفاء – عدم رؤية‬ Visible ‫ مرئي‬Visibility ‫رؤية – وضوح‬ Vision 46 ‫تخطيط‬-‫وجهة نظر – ابصار‬

 The fire was visible from five km away.  It was foggy and the visibility was down to 50 metres.  The house was invisible from the road. He has poor vision in his left eye. 287. release (v.) ‫ يعلن عن معلومات‬-‫يطلق سراح – يبعث‬  He was released on bail ‫كفالة‬. The government hasn’t released the dead woman‘s name. 288. Finance (n.) ‫ المالية‬- ‫ يمول‬- ‫مال‬  financial (adj.) ‫مالي‬  Financially (adv.) ‫ماليا‬  financial adviser (n.) ‫مستشار مالي‬ Ex : 1- The world has suffered from the financial crisis. 2- Who is financing the project? 3- You must know how to manage your finances. 4- The company needs a financial adviser. 289. History ‫التاريخ‬  historical )‫ مسرحية‬-‫تاريخي متعلق بدراسة التاريخ(فيلم – قصة‬  Historian ‫مؤرخ‬  historic )‫ لحظة‬-‫مبني‬-‫هام تاريخيا (حدث‬  Historically (adv.)‫تاريخيا‬ Ex :  story ‫قصة وهي وصف لاحداث قد تكون حقيقة او خيالية‬ 1- She is studying history at the university. 2- It was a historic event when Egypt restored Sinai. 3- Youssif Shahin produced the historical film EL nasr Salah El din. 290. Object (n.) ‫ شيء –هدف –مفعول‬ object to (v.) ‫يعترض علي‬  Objection (n.) ‫اعتراض‬  objective (n.) = goal ‫ غرض‬- ‫هدف‬  Objective (adj.) ‫موضوعي‬ Ex : 1- Bend your knees when you lift heavy objects. 2- The object of the game is to score more points than the opposing team. 3- We objected to his demands. 4- I have no objection if you want to stay one more day. 5- His main objective is to make a lot of money. 6- I try to be objective when I criticize someone work. 291. Assist in / with (v.)‫يساعد‬  assistance (n.) ‫مساعدة‬  Assistant (n.) ‫ مساعد‬e.g. Sales assistant – shop assistant 47

Ex : 1- The army arrived to assist in the search . 2- Can I be of any assistance? = can I help you? 292. Imprison (v.)‫يسجن‬  imprisonment (n.) ‫حبس‬  Prisoner (n.) ‫سجين‬  prison (n.) ‫سجن‬ Ex: 1- He was imprisoned for theft. 2- He had suffered from imprisonment. 293. Accuse of (v.) ‫ يتهم ب‬ the accused (n.) ‫المتهمين‬  accusingly (adv.) ‫ متهما‬ Accusation (n.) ‫اتهام‬ Ex : 1- he was falsely accused of the murder . 2- He made a number of accusations against his boss. 3- Why are you giving me this accusing look? 294. Enviable (adj.) ‫ محسود‬envious of (adj.) ‫حاسد‬  Enviously (adv.) ‫ حاسدا‬ Envy (n.)(v.) ‫ يحسد‬-‫الحسد‬ Ex: 1- I don’t envy him that job. 2- She was envious of his successful career. 3- She is in the enviable position of being able to choose who she works for. 295.Fiancé (n.) ‫ خطيب مقبل علي الزواج‬ fiancée (n.) ‫خطيبة‬  Divorced (n.) ‫ مطلق‬ divorcee (n.) ‫مطلقة‬  Recognise (v.) ‫ يحترم‬-‫ يكرم‬-‫ يتعرف علي‬ recognition (n.) ‫اعتراف –تكريم‬  Recognisable (adj.) ‫يمكن التعرف عليه‬ ex: 1- I recognized her from her picture. 2- He was recognized by the president for his work. 3- There is recognition that she is the best person for the job. 4- After the earthquake, the village was not recognisable. 296.  Revenge (n.) ‫ انتقام‬ avenge (v.) ‫ينتقم‬ Ex: 1- he was killed in revenge for the murder. 2- He's made life difficult for me but I will get/take revenge. 297. Celebrate (v.) ‫ يحتفل‬Celebrity (n.) ‫شخص مشهور‬  celebrated for(adj.) ‫ مشهور‬ celebratory (adj.) ‫احتفالي‬  Do you celebrate charismas in your country?  She is celebrated (famous) for her wit.  A lot of celebrities always visit this place. 48

 They are in a celebratory mood. You have passed? This calls for celebration. ‫ حدث بارز‬-‫معلم بارز‬ 298. Landmark (n.)  The pyramids are a landmark of Egypt. Her speech was a landmark in the history of civil rights . 299. Mark (v.) ‫ يضع علامة‬-‫ يميز –يحتفل‬ Mark (n.) ‫ مستوي‬-‫درجة‬-‫علامة‬  He left dirty marks on the carpet.  She always gets good marks in English. His death marks an era of injustice.‫فترة من الظلم‬ 300. Procession (n.)  Process (n.) ‫ عملية‬ Proceed (v.) ‫يستمر‬ ‫موكب‬ Buying a house is a long and complicated process.  We walked in the funeral procession for three hours.  His lawyer decided not to proceed with his case. 301. Event‫ حدث هام‬ incident ‫ سيء‬- ‫ حدث غريب‬ accident‫حادثة‬  The meeting with the president is a historical event.  Some incidents occur on this remote island. He had an accident on the way home. 302. Folk (n.) ‫ موسيقي شعبية‬-‫شعب‬-‫ ناس‬Folk (adj.) Folklore (n.) ‫ الفولكلور الشعبي‬Folksy (adj.) ‫شعبي‬  We always spend weekends with our folks(parents) ‫ودود – ابن بلد‬  Cultures have their own traditional folk music. Abu Zeid Al helali was a folk hero. 303.Vary (v.) ‫ يتنوع – يختلف‬varied (adj.) ‫متنوع‬ Variety (n.) ‫ تشكيلة‬ variable (adj.) ‫متنوع‬ Variously (adv.) ‫ بطريقة متنوعة‬various (adj.) ‫متنوع‬ He has done a variety of jobs. She gave various excuses for being late.  You have a long varied career. 304. Degree (n.) -‫درجة حرارة –زاوية – مؤهل‬Grade (n.) ‫مستوي – صف دراسي‬ ‫كمية‬  Master’s degree (n.) ‫درجة الماجستير‬  Temperature rose as high as 40 degrees.  She has a degree in physics.  I agree with you to a certain degree. My son is in the fifth grade. 49

305. personal (adj.) ‫ خاص‬-‫ شخصي‬ Personnel (n.) ‫شئون العاملين – الافراد‬  He got a few personal problems. I need to speak to someone in personnel.  stiff (adj.) ‫ صلب‬-‫قاسي‬ 306. staff (n.)‫ هيئة موظفين‬ Stuff (v.) ‫يحشو‬  He joined the staff of the college as a professor.  He stuffed the paper into the briefcase.  we need stiff penalties for drink driving. 307. Download (v.) ‫ ينزل من الانترنت‬ upload (v.) ‫يرفع الي الانترنت‬  You download them from the internet onto an e-book reader. I upload all my files on the internet. ‫مستخدما الحاسب‬ 308.Screen (n.)(v.) ‫يعرض‬-‫يفحص‬-‫ شاشة –سينما‬On screen  I spend most of the day working in front of a computer screen. Do you work on screen? 309 Bleach ‫ مادةكيماوية للتبييض‬Bleach (v.) ‫ يبيض‬-‫يزيل لون‬ (n.) bleak (adj.) ‫ جاف‬-‫يائس – محبط‬  She bleached her hair. The future is bleak for small clubs. 310. soak (v. ‫يسيل‬-‫ يغمس‬-‫ يغمر‬Soak up (v.) ‫يمتص‬ ‫مبلل‬ soaking (adj.)= wet soaked (adj.) Ex: 1- Soak the bread in the milk. 2- Fry the potatoes until they soak up the oil. 311.wage ) ‫أجر يومي (اسبوعي‬ salary ‫مرتب شهري (سنوي) مرتب حكومة‬ fees ‫ سباك‬/ ‫ محامي‬/ ‫أتعاب دكتور‬ fare ‫أجرة مواصلات‬ ☺Some people have wages at the end of the week. ☺Most Egyptian workers take their salaries on 25 of the month. ☺The plumber took his fees after finishing work. ☺On the bus , Ali didn't have enough fare. 312. advantages of + ‫ الشيء‬/ advantages for + ‫الشخص‬ ☺What are the advantages of the internet. ☺What are the advantages and disadvantages for local people. 313. employ ‫ يوظف‬employer ‫ صاحب العمل‬employee ‫موظف‬ ☺The government tries to employ new graduates. 51