Mosaicque Magazine 2018 edition

MAGAZINE DECEMBER 2018 EDITION MOSAICQUE Nobelist Chairwomen Leymah Gbowee, Elizabeth Gore, Nobel Prize Winner # Hello Alice Featuring Prof. Tejal Desai, three extraordinary University of California, women who are transforming communities San Francisco around the world... Editor-in-Chief Dr. Swati Save

MOSAICQUE Editor-in-Chief Dr. Swati Save Mosiacque Magazine Science Advisor Prof. Tejal Desai Communications Advisor Joan Baker Innovation Advisor Prof. Javier Garcia Martinez Content Advisor Dr. Oswaldo Lucon Revenue & Marketing Manager XXXXXXXXXX Arts & Design Manager Shiva Kesari Digital Manager Godaddy.com Founded in 2007 Annual Edition, 2018 Editorial Board Editorial 1 1. Women championing the 4th Industrial revolution by Dr. Swati Save Special featured Op-Ed on Transforming India 2 2. An Agenda to “Transform India” by Honorable Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan Artificial Intelligence and Women Entrepreneurs are making quite an impression 3 3. “Alice: Helping Business Owners Start and Grow Their Ideas”, An Interview with Elizabeth Gore, President and Chairwoman, Alice Peace in Africa is the way forward to achieve the economies of scale 4 4. Liberia's Nobel - Leymah Gbowee: A Warrior for Peace - a Powerful Voice for Africa's Social Change by Honorable H.E. Leymah Gbowee Innovation and Investment in Science gets unlimited cash back into the economy 5 5. A Career in Bioengineering, by Prof. Tejal A. Desai Transforming agriculture for wealth creation inAfrica 7 6. UsingAgriculture andAgribusiness to bring about Industrialisation inAfrica by Honorable Dr.AkinwumiAdesina

Editorial Women championing the 4th Industrial revolution In past decade, MOSAICQUE magazine has been most fortunate to feature world class young world leaders. It has striven to feature the world's best young leaders from the remotest corners of the world and I have been privileged to feature their journey to success through their articles or special op-ed. Thus far, we have been blessed to feature 350 Young World Leaders, from 60 countries. This is our 45th edition of our magazine. The word MOSAICQUE quintessentially means secular, unity, harmony, together, collaborative, cohesive, and peaceful. Our work depicts the sentiments of all of the above words. MOSAICQUE has reported and featured issues that are current and of importance to an economy or international organization or scientific community. We have featured articles on issues related to 1) Water crisis in Africa & Middle East, 2) Peace between India & Pakistan, 3) Drug discoveries in Bangladesh, 4) Awareness about Ebola Virus, 5) Bioengineering and climate change 6) Farming challenges in Tanzania, Kenya, Nigeria, Cameroon and India, 7) Featuring outstanding women scientists that are UNESCO L'Oreal Laureates and Inter Academy Panel laureates, 8) Sustainable Development Goals, 9) CSR reporting in the world, 10) Women's empowerment, and 11) Science investment & innovation, and 12) Finance policy. In today's rapid developing world, women shares equal burden of transforming challenges into opportunities. They have stepped up their responsibility in making a difference in the world. Coincidently, in 21st century the most disruptive innovations have come from women that have contributed to nation building. Dr. Swati Save Editor-in-Chief MOSAICQUE 1

Special Op-Ed An Agenda to “Transform India” Honorable Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan Government Of India Union Minister for Science & Technology, Earth Sciences and Environment, Forests, and Climate Change Dr. Harsh Vardhan calls for a creating a zeal for knowledge to restore the past glory of the country. He calls for a scientific India where science will be a part of everybody's life. Honorable Minister seeks to promote Science for nation building for and calls our scientists should endeavour to find solutions to various unresolved problems still being faced by the country. The Minister recalled the stark conditions in which the Nobel Laureate Bharat Ratna Sir Chandrasekara Venkata Raman and Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose have worked to bring glory to the country. Expressing the Government's commitment to improve the status of women scientists, Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan, has urged the scientific fraternity to correct the under-representation of women in the field of Science & Technology. Addressing the national conference on “Technological Empowerment of Women” to commemorate the International Women's Day in New Delhi today, Dr. Harsh Vardhan said that steps must be taken to expand funding to research in Science & Technology by women scientists, as the amount of funding at higher levels was less. “Women are not just home-builders, but are nation-builders”, he said. Science & Technology are still considered masculine subjects. I therefore, emphasize that woman's empowerment should be the key focus of the Government and have outlined various schemes and initiatives for women's empowerment. I want to point out that the involvement of women in major achievements in India has helped its GDP to increase by 16%. Honorable Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan highlights how Indian civilization has evolved with care and reverence for environment, forests and rivers, against all sorts of exploitation of nature right from its inception. Indian philosophy and lifestyle have long been rooted in the concept of co-existence with nature. Conservation is ingrained in the Indian ethos, not just in tradition bound villages, but even in urban areas. As an environmentally conscious and responsible country, I am extremely pleased to have India be the Global host of the World Environment Day this year 2018. Furthermore, in March 2018, India hosted the founding Conference of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) as a common platform for cooperation among solar resource-rich nations. ISA has now transformed into a global inter-governmental organization headquartered in India that is helping us to harness solar energy at prices, which were unimaginable 3 years ago. Also, through Prime Minister Modi's signature “Swachh Bharat Campaign”, the waste to wealth movement has gained strength. Today, for a vast and developing country like India Prime Minister Modi has given a mantra – 'Swachh, Swastha and Sampann Bharat', a Clean, Healthy and Prosperous India - and that is a goal which we all shall pursue relentlessly.’ I am pleased to inform you all that to motivate and involve the masses in environmental protection, we prepared a compendium of Green Good Deeds, which has now been internationally acknowledged. The BRICS Environment Ministers' meeting in Durban, last month, agreed to include Green Good Deeds in its agenda for the next meeting. By hosting the World Environment Day 2018, India reaffirms its commitment to defeat plastic pollution. Governments, industries, and individuals will all have to play a major role in weaning society from its dependence on single-use plastic that continues to be an adversary to our natural environment. There is a need to raise consciousness about the impact plastics have on society and environment and to inform and educate people about alternate materials. I call upon all citizens and in particular, the civil society groups to be crusaders for realizing this goal. India has taken a solemn pledge that by 2022 we shall eliminate all single use plastics from our beautiful country. Honorable Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan is the currently the Minister for Ministry of Science & Technology (India), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and Ministry of Earth Sciences in the BJP-led NDAgovernment under the leadership of Honorable Prime Minister H.E. Narendra Modi. 2

“Alice: Helping Business Owners Start and Grow Their Ideas” Interview with Elizabeth Gore, President and Chairwoman, Alice 1. Alice has a mission to support under represented business owners. In the U.S., there are 11.3 million women-owned businesses that employ nearly 9 million people and generate more than $1.6 trillion in revenue. Yet, they only receive around 2% of venture capital and have average well below their male counterparts. How is Alice helping to influence change for women entrepreneurs? At Alice, we believe that all business owners, no matter where they come from or who they know, deserve opportunities to succeed. And in the U.S., women, minorities and veterans actually make up the “new majority” of business owners. So, we need to create a new ecosystem, worldwide, that provides open access to resources and tools that can help them save time and make money, so they can focus on starting and growing their companies. We've done that by creating a free website (www.helloalice.com), that helps business owners find their path and matches them with resources and opportunities that are right for them. We also work closely with corporate partners, policymakers and media to educate them about best practices, connect them to diverse entrepreneurs and advocate for inclusivity in the small business space. 2. Capital is one of business owners' greatest needs. How does Alice help to connect entrepreneurs to money that can help them grow? Money to help business owners reach a new stage of growth is definitely a major need for Alice users. It's really important to realize that there's no one-size-fits-all model, which is why we have made it a priority to help entrepreneurs figure out what kind of capital is right for their business. For some, that means a traditional bank loan. For others, it could be a government grant, crowdfunding, bootstrapping or venture capital. Alice helps users figure out that puzzle and then find the right opportunities for their industry, stage of growth and goals. 3. Alice uses machine learning to personalize a path for business owners. Can you explain how that works? Technology is at such a cool point in time, and machine learning is a really big part of that. At Alice, machine learning allows us to really get to know the individual business owner – their location, industry, demographics, interests, goals and more. That means Alice can create a unique path for learning and access to the right opportunities, so that the business owner knows exactly what steps they need to take to achieve their goals and solve their problems. Alice also gets smarter every time a business owner uses the site, so the recommendations become more finely tuned, and what we learn from one business owner allows us to help another business owner. In other words,Alice just gets better and better in helping entrepreneurs reach their goals. 4. What is the long-term vision for Alice? It might sound crazy, but we truly want to change the world. At Alice, we want to support the “new majority” of women and minorities business owners in reaching record revenues, jobs growth and social impact. It's entirely possible through the HelloAlice.com website, advocacy and partnerships to achieve that goal. 5. Can you share the amazing success you folks have achieved... how many lives you have transformed, how much capital has been raised because you have touched someone's life, & how many businesses have been set up because of Alice platform. The greatest part of my job is that, every day, we hear from business owners that sayAlice has helped them solve a problem, access information, find an event, or connect with a new partner. Those stories, along with the data we track, motivate us to continually improve how we serve them and to keep working hard to impact the small business ecosystem, locally and globally. 6. In conclusion, do you want to give any advice to your fellow women entrepreneurs? My best piece of advice is to get started and let fear go. Alice has your back every step of the way and will help you navigate your way through the entrepreneurship journey. You can sign up for free at helloalice.com. 3

Liberia's Nobel - Leymah Gbowee A Warrior for Peace - a Powerful Voice for Africa's social change... In its annual 2018 print edition, MOSAICQUE magazine is honoured to feature Madam Leymah Gbowee, who won the Nobel peace prize in 2011 for leading the women's peace movement, that ended the civil war in Liberia. There are many ways to define what being a leader is, but for one recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize it is someone who journeys with his or her people — and who takes a stand when others won't. \"Leaders are the ones who will stand up and speak when no-one else is willing to speak up,\" says Leymah Gbowee, activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner. \"When I worked with the women, one of the things that I realized made our movement successful is that I showed up first, and I was the last to leave. In places and spaces where they did not expect me to show up, I came there. I understood the struggle,\" she said. \"I was in the forefront of the marches, even when the guns were in front of us.\" Leymah Gbowee, who'd become a social worker during the first war, helped organize an interreligious coalition of Christian and Muslim women called the Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace movement. Dressed in white, these thousands of women staged pray-ins and nonviolent protests demanding reconciliation and the resuscitation of high-level peace talks. The pressure smoothed the path for the election of Africa's first female head of state, Leymah's fellow 2011 Nobel Peace laureate Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. The large turnout of women in the 2005 elections — about 51 percent — was clear testament to the impact of her peacebuilding efforts. The Liberian women's network, with Gbowee as its \"face\", effectively paved the way for Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf to becomeAfrica's first democratically elected female president in this historic election. The Leymah Gbowee story has transcended geographical and ethnic boundaries, mobilising women in countries such as Egypt, Peru, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Iraq to come together and plan strategies for changing their lives. She is the Co-Founder and former Executive Director of the Women Peace and Security Network Africa (WIPSEN-A), an organization active in several western African countries that encouraged the involvement of women in peace, security, and governance issues. She was named executive director of WISPEN-Africa the next year. In 2016, the WIPSEN-Africa collaborated with key strategic partners to organise a series of one-day consultative meetings on gender and security sector reforms. The following points were proposed by WIPSEN-Africa for women's security: 1) To create a platform for female security sector personnel to mobilise and act collectively, to ensure their concerns are incorporated, and that they actively participate in SSR processes. 2) To facilitate dialogue between female security sector personnel, civil society women's groups and other actors in the SSR process. 3) To develop a \"women in the security sector\" joint agenda and action plans on gender and SSR which outlines existing gaps/needs that can be taken to address these needs. As a peace activist, Leymah Gbowee has worked to promote development and the rights of women and girls in Liberia to help bring peace to her war-torn nation. Following her Nobel prize victory, Gbowee has continued to promote the influence of women in West Africa and around the world, and remains an inspiration to peace and gender activists everywhere. 4

A Career in Bioengineering By Prof. Tejal A. Desai It was the summer after my sophomore year of high school when I instantly knew what I wanted to be when I grew up. Participating in an NSF summer program for girls interested in science and engineering, I listened intently when a woman engineer came to talk to our group about what she worked on every day. But, to my surprise, it wasn't about building bridges, circuits, or chemical reactors-- it was about designing orthopedic implants for those who had lost the ability to regenerate or heal bone. She described the interplay of the materials she was designing with the biology of our bodies. The thought of being able to invent new devices and materials to help others suddenly resonated with my interest in not only doing science but also contributing to society in a meaningful way. This new field was biomedical or bioengineering. It was an emerging discipline that sought to integrate engineering concepts and methodologies with biology. I embraced the unchartered scientific frontier and became determined to learn as much as I could. There were times when I felt discouraged because I didn't believe I was good enough. Not good enough to be an engineer or do scientific research. There were some professors who thought I would be better off in a different field. But, there were also those individuals (my family included) who encouraged me to persevere. When I thought of all the people who could be helped by new discoveries, I became even more excited. I worked alongside other diligent students who made the work seem rewarding and fun. After earning my PhD at UCSF and UC Berkeley, I started my career as an assistant professor of bioengineering in the Midwest. It was a whirlwind of new challenges – setting up a lab from scratch, mentoring students, designing and teaching new courses, and writing grants to get funding for my ideas. Eventually, I began to receive recognition for my work, and gained the confidence to take risks and push new boundaries in my science. I now direct the Therapeutic Microtechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory here at The University of California San Francisco (UCSF). My research focuses on micro and nanofabrication techniques to create new devices for drug and cell delivery as well as biomaterials for cell and tissue regeneration. Currently, as the Chair of the Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences Department at UCSF, I have the great privilege of mentoring and supporting others. I have advised many post-docs and PhD students who have gone on to successful academic and industry positions. Of course, I still love brainstorming about new ideas and approaches to create therapies that will help people. I also write science articles for professional journals; so far, I have authored over 200 peer reviewed articles. My work developing innovative drug delivery devices has garnered several academic and industry awards. Recently, I was deeply honored to be inducted into The NationalAcademy of Medicine. 5

One of the most interesting projects I am working on is addressing the challenges of the epithelial barrier. The epithelial barrier presents a significant obstacle to the delivery of macromolecules in the size range of 20 - 150 kDa, including a number of therapeutics. In particular, the tight junctional complex, which links adjacent cells and occludes the paracellular space, is responsible for maintaining this barrier. To improve the transport of drugs across epithelia, new approaches need to be developed that enhance paracellular drug transport by specifically and reversibly modulating tight junctions. My colleagues and I are investigating the effect of nanostructured surfaces on the modulation of tight junction permeability and transport of key therapeutic molecules in vitro. It is expected that the fundamental knowledge gained in these studies will enhance the development of new epithelial drug delivery systems. The public health relevance of this work is that therapeutic macromolecular drugs currently under development are typically administered through IV injection due to their poor epithelial permeability. If we can figure out how to alter drug permeability across the epithelium in a safe and reversible manner, we can develop new delivery systems that will be less invasive and more efficacious. It may seem as though my work is all-consuming. But I assure you that you can lead a balanced and happy life. Being a scientist does not mean you can't have fun outside of the lab. My husband, my 3 children, and I enjoy the many wonderful recreational activities available both here in San Francisco, and in California-at-large. We also love to travel and explore the world together. Our last adventure together was a trip to Cambodia, Singapore and Hong Kong. I hope I will see you somewhere along the path! 6

Using Agriculture and Agribusiness to bring about Industrialisation in Africa World Food Laureate Dr Akinwumi Adesina President, The African Development Bank, Cote d'Ivoire No region of the world has ever moved to industrialised economy status without a transformation of the agricultural sector. Agriculture, which contributes 16.2% of the GDP of Africa, and gives some form of employment to over 60% of the population, holds the key to accelerated growth, diversification and job creation forAfrican economies. But the performance of the sector has historically been low. Cereal yields are significantly below the global average. Modern farm inputs, including improved seeds, mechanisation and irrigation, are severely limited. In the past, agriculture was seen as the domain of the humanitarian development sector, as a way to manage poverty. It was not seen as a business sector for wealth creation. Yet Africa has huge potential in agriculture – and with it huge investment potential. Some 65% of all the uncultivated arable land left in the world lies in Africa. When Africa manages to feed itself, as – within a generation – it will, it will also be able to to feed the 9 billion people who will inhabit the planet in 2050. However, Africa is wasting vast amounts of money and resources by underrating its agriculture sector. For example, it spends $35 billion in foreign currency annually importing food, a figure that is set to rise to over $100 billion per year by 2030. In so doing, Africa is choking its own economic future. It is importing the food that it should be growing itself. It isexporting, often to developed countries,thejobs it needs to keep and nurture. It also has to pay inflated prices resulting from global commodity supply fluctuations. The food and agribusiness sector is projected to grow from $330 billion today to $1 trillion by 2030, and remember that there will also be 2 billion people looking for food and clothing. African enterprises and investors need to convert this opportunity and unlock this potential forAfrica andAfricans. Africa must start by treating agriculture as a business. It must learn fast from experiences elsewhere, for example in south east Asia, where agriculture has been the foundation for fast-paced economic growth, built on a strong food processing and agro-industrial manufacturing base. This is the transformation formula: agriculture allied with industry, manufacturing and processing capability equals strong and sustainable economic development, which creates wealth throughout the economy. Africa must not miss opportunities for such linkages whenever and wherever they occur. We must reduce food system losses all along the food chain, from the farm, storage, transport, processing and retail marketing. To drive agro-industrialization, we must be able to finance the sector. Doing so will help unlock the potential of agriculture as a business on the continent. Under its Feed Africa strategy, the African Development Bank will invest $24 billion in agriculture and agribusiness over the next ten years. This is a 400% increase in financing, from the current levels of $600 million per year. 7

A key component will be providing $700 million to a flagship program known as “Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation” for the scaling up of agricultural technologies to reach millions of farmers inAfrica in the next ten years. Finance and farming have not always been easy partners inAfrica.Another pillar of the Bank's strategy is to accelerate commercial financing for agriculture. Despite its importance, the agriculture sector receives less than 3% of the overall industry financing provided by the banking sector. Risk sharing instruments may resolve this, by sharing the risk of lending by commercial banks to the agriculture sector. Development finance institutions and multilateral development banks should be setting up national risk-sharing facilities in every African country to leverage agricultural finance. And the African Development Bank is setting the pace based on a very successful risk sharing scheme that I promoted whileAgriculture Minister in Nigeria. Rural infrastructure development is critical for the transformation of the agriculture sector, including electricity, water, roads and rail to transport finished agricultural and processed foods. The lack of this infrastructure drives up the cost of doing business and has discouraged food manufacturing companies from getting established in rural areas. Governments should provide fiscal and infrastructure incentives for food manufacturing companies to move into rural areas, closer to zones of production than consumption. This can be achieved by developing agro-industrial zones and staple crop processing zones in rural areas. These zones, supported with consolidated infrastructure, including roads, water, electricity and perhaps suitable accommodation, will drive down the cost of doing business for private food and agribusiness firms. They will create new markets for farmers, boosting economic opportunities in rural areas, stimulating jobs and attracting higher domestic and foreign investments into the rural areas. This will drive down the cost of doing business, as well as significantly reduce the high level of African post-harvest losses. As agricultural income rises, neglected rural areas will become zones of economic prosperity. Our goal is simple: to support massive agro-industrial development all across Africa. When that happens, Africa will have taken its rightful place as a global powerhouse in food production. It could well also be feeding the world. At this point the economic transformation that we are all working for will be complete. The 2017 AfDB Annual Meetings in Ahmedabad, India, 22-26 May, will focus on 'Transforming agriculture for wealth creation in Africa'. This is a reprint of 2017 Annual Meetings opinion piece submitted to Mosaicque. 8

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