Lecture - 9 Socio-economic Analysis in GIS for Land Acquisition (AT76.01)

Socio-economic Analysis in GIS for Land Acquisition By Dr Nitin Tripathi

Socio-economic Impact Analysis • What is it? • With structural reforms policy in India (in 1991), the World Bank insists that the land owners who stand to loose their land for the industry / development projects should be properly rehabilitated and resettled. • The World Bank also emphasizes on undertaking socio- economic environmental impact analysis, and • further insists on using the land resource most judiciously.

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy (R&R) • National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.(NTPC), the largest producer of power in India, has its own R & R policy • The policy envisages that the new projects sites, will be selected after examining the socio-economic impact of land acquisition • It adheres to the norm to choose an area with least social cost.

Objectives and Scope of the Study Investigating the scope of socio-economic variables in selection of a typical project site, i.e., a proposed ash dyke site of one of the units of NTPC. Accordingly we have set the objectives of the study as follows: a. Decision making based on physical factors, b. Decision making based on economic factors, c. Decision making based on demographic factors d. Decision making based on social factors, e. Decision making based on miscellaneous factors f. Decision making based on total impact.

NTPC Unchahar, India







Study Area and Data Used The proposed site will involve land acquisition from five revenue villages. Some of the core data used by us are : * Name of the owner, * Type of soil and its cost, * Number of owners of the plot, * Total income of the PAFs, * Total expenditure of the PAFs, * Number of persons working in the family, * Number of dependants in the family, * Main occupation of the PAFs, * Tenancy status of the PAFs, * Compensation amount expected by the PAFs, * Caste of the PAFs etc.

Conventional Methods of Site Selection The selection of any project site by conventional methods can be listed in following steps: • To undertake field survey to finalise the site, • To conduct the topographic survey, • To collect the required secondary data from different sources, • To collect primary data, • To analyse the data, • Preparing the feasibility report of a chosen site.

Socio-economic impact analysis (SEIA) : a tool for selection of project site Any new project site now - a - days needs to be cleared on the following considerations: • Physical environment impact, • Pollution impact, and • Socio-economic impact.

Socio-Economic Impact Analysis For Land Acquisition – Government of India insisted that the site could be cleared only • after investigation of its possible socio- economic impact on the people those who will loose lands directly and • others who will be affected indirectly.

Weaknesses of Non-Spatial Data Base Management Systems • In data base management systems only tabular representations are possible. • Visualisation of selected suitable plots is difficult. • Spatial Analysis Capabilities are non-existent. • Integrating Remote Sensing and other available maps are not possible. • Non-spatial Data Base Management is highly time consuming, • Handling of large data sets is difficult to manage efficiently.

In what way GIS can over come those problems ? • GIS is capable of storing, managing and analysing spatial and non-spatial data in efficient manner. • The analysis and data management is convenient, • GIS - Better query and analysis • One can avoid costly mistakes like natural drainage patterns etc. • The display functions of GIS are convenient for checking spatial errors, for manipulating data and for interpreting results. • Missing and redundant data easily tracked

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS CONSIDERED •Physical factors (soil type), •Economic factors, •Demographic factors, •Social factors, •Miscellaneous factors.

Physical factors Soil type Fertile soils - highly productive, of good economic value. Thus, in no way a fertile soil is suitable for a waste disposal site. Based on the productivity, the soil in this area has been classified into six main categories.



Demographical factors The demographic factors considered are: • Percentage of work force, • Occupation, • Tenancy status. “percentage of working force” => percentage of total number of working people to total number of the family “Occupation” of the family, refers to the main occupation of the family. “Tenancy” of the plot gives the information about the owner and tenant.



Social factors These factors include the following: • number of owners of the plot • caste of the owner.



Economic factors • Total income, or total expenditure, or average income and expenditure, • Area of the plot, • Percentage of agricultural income. • If the area is more then it is expected that impact will be more. • The percentage of agricultural income implies the income from agricultural in total income.



Miscellaneous factors • Expected compensation by the PAFs • Type of ownership i.e. whether the land is public or private.





Physical Factors P Economic Factors R Demographic Factors I M Social Factors A R Miscellaneous Factors Y D A T A Creating Attribute Tables

P Digitization of plots R I Segment mode M Digitization of labels A R Point mode Y Polygon map DATA Creating Attribute Tables Integrating Data

Ranking of Factors / items Input decisions Weights for Factors from experts LIF Slicing

Select Plots of LIF < x Merge area LIF =x + x of plots If area <= y Yes