Wisdom Garden_7

Concept: Team Eduso : Production Team - PENTAWORK Gagan Agarwal Gareema Balwani Composed by- Mansi Sharma Katdare Hitesh Saini Art- Tapas Nath, Madhu akur Founder and Shilpa Agarwal Designing- Chandar Managing Director

Preface “The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more you will grow.” This series, Wisdom Garden, aims at helping the child better understand himself, his surroundings and the interactions he makes on a daily basis. The books aim at instilling good manners, values and a sense of the deep-rooted culture and tradition within the child, through stories, life skills lessons, and general knowledge modules. In today’s work pressure on the parents leaves them with a little time to dedicate to the growth and development of their child. The books promote not only the teachers, to develop a healthy relationship with the child, but also encourage the parents to read with the child. The child can develop a sense of trust and improve his interpersonal skills through a system of joint interaction of the child with his parents and teachers.

How to read this book: Theme-wise categorization: Educational Stories This book is divided into four One of the first and foremost themes specifically designed to forms of learning is developed help in the growth of the child through stories. Stories help children and create an environment of understand topics and issues better. learning. The themes include In this book, the stories are linked to topics like Family and Friends, the themes mentioned earlier. Be it Science and Logic, Incredible the story on Respect and Values, India and World and Nature. University in Diversity or Cleaning up our Delicate Nature, it helps Life Skill lessons the child to relate to the themes and understand their importance Every themed category has life better. skill related topics that are meant to create awareness in the child and General Knowledge lessons help them to better understand the topics. The life skill lessons include The General creatingafamilytree,understanding Knowledge module in each topic the calendar, learning about our involves subject related topics based on academics, performing incredible country and respecting arts, sports, environmental issues everyone. and topics involving India and the world. The Little Helpers in the Book Brainy Bunny Busy Bee Clever Cat Squeaky Squirrel

CONTENTS 1. My Homely Garden- Understanding Awareness The Tree of Tales (Story I): Self Worth 05 The Tree of Life (Life Skill I): Have a Talk with Yourself 07 The Tree of Knowledge (GK I): 1. Fighting the Odds 09 2. Serving our Nation 12 3. Connecting with People- Media 14 2. My Enchanted Garden- Actions Speak Louder than Words The Tree of Tales (Story II): A Tea Bag in Hot Water 15 The Tree of Life (Life Skill Module II): Rock or Water 17 The Tree of Knowledge (GK II): 4. Hardwork to the Top 19 5. Sporting Talents 20 6. Drama-Rama- Honours & Accolades 21 3. My Magical Garden- Values We Learn The Tree of Tales (Story III): The Value of Things 22 The Tree of Life (Life Skill Module III): Say No to Procrastination 24 The Tree of Knowledge (GK III): 7. It’s All About the Money, Honey! 26 8. Reason with Me 29 9. English Winglish 43 10. Math Mania 51 11. Cyber Silly 54 12. The Magic of Science 55 13. Exploring Boundaries- India’s Geography 64 14. It’s All in the Past- Indian History 72 15. Culturally Correct 76 16. Inventions 80 17. Indian Economy 86 18. World Currencies 88 19. Let’s Abbr 89 4. My Beautiful Garden- It’s a Beautiful World The Tree of Tales (Story IV): You Get What You Give 90 The Tree of Life (Life Skill Module IV): You may Dislike or Disagree, But Never Disrespect 92 The Tree of Knowledge (GK IV) 20. The World’s Organisations 94 4

The Tree of Tales (Story I): Self Worth In 1957, a group of monks had to shift an extremely large and heavy statue of Buddha from its current place of worship to a new place. This was required since the entire monastry was being relocated on account of a highway being built in Bangkok, Thailand. A crane was required to lift this large statue. Work got under-way and the statue was gradually being lifted when the workers and monks realised that the crane would not be able to take the weight of the statue. To complicate matters further, it began to rain. The statue slipped and fell a short distance, thereby cracking a part of it. The monks put a hold on lifting the statue for the day and decided to approach the transportation problem from another angle, the next day. For the time being, they covered the statue with a large sheet so that the rain did not destroy it any further. The head monk decided to go check the statue once after dusk. He picked up the canvas sheet and shined his torch light at the statue. The light hit the statue where it had cracked, but the monk also saw a gleam as he moved the torch light. He moved closer to inspect what caused the shine from the statue. The monk had a hunch. He went to get a chisel and hammer and came back to chip away a small portion of the statue. 5

After chiseling away a part of the statue, the monk stood back, stunned. The next day all the monks were employed to chisel the clay away from the statue. What lay beneath the clay, stunned all the monks. The actual statue of Buddha was made of pure solid gold! The monks dug deep into the history of the statue and found out, that many hundred years ago the monks had plastered the pure gold statue of Buddha with clay so as to save it from being plundered by the Burmese when they attacked Thailand. While the monks were murdered by the Burmese, the secret of the gold statue remained hidden until 1957. Just like the golden statue of Buddha, each one of us too is pure gold. But somewhere over the years, we forget that. We let others tell us we aren’t good enough or smart enough, and we ourselves begin to cover our talents and ‘golden essence’ with negativity and low self- esteem. Take an example from the monks and chisel away all the negativity and bad exeperiences from your life. Understand the importance of who you are and learn to identify your talents. Nurture and cultivate your “self”, your \"talents\" and most importantly, develop a sense of self worth and self confidence. 6

Have a Talk with yourself Let me help you understand your ‘self-worth’. We are going to do two exercises today. Exercises I: Think about any situation where you did something good and for that, you were appreciated or rewarded. You may have helped a friend with homework or an old uncle cross the road. But, whatever it is you did, got you praise and appreciation. How did this make you feel? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Did you smile? Were you feeling worthy and confident of yourself? Did you feel better about yourself? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now think of a situation where something bad happened. Where you were not confident and as a result you felt bad about yourself. Maybe you forgot that poetry you were to recite in front of the school, or you missed a goal in football, or maybe you got low marks in your exams. How did this make you feel? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Were you sad? Did it make you feel like you were worthless? Did it hurt your self confindence? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7

Excersise II: Now let’s see if we can rectify this feeling. It is a wonderful feeling to get praise and to feel happy and confident about ourselves. But, sometimes something might happen which makes us feel bad, which makes us doubt our self-confidence and hurts our self-esteem. In such a situation you always have two options: 1- You participate in “BAD SELF TALK” When we feel low, it is very easy to talk negatively to ourselves. We have these thoughts and feelings that make us feel as if we are not good enough. We doubt ourselves and sometimes even hate ourselves, thinking we are ‘not good enough’. 2- You participate in “GOOD SELF TALK” Feeling low happens at some point in everyone’s life. But, rather than falling into the ‘bad self talk’ trap, try and talk positively to yourself. Make yourself feel better by telling yourself that you will do better next time, that everyone fails and it is human to make mistakes. What is important is that we learn from our failures and our mistakes and ‘lift’ ourselves up. Do not let others make you feel bad or small. They too have made mistakes and had failures in their past. Learn from yours and move forward, confident and smiling. Maintian a journal with the following rows:  Situation that has made you feel bad  Bad self talk  How it made you feel  Good self talk  How it made you feel 8

Lesson 1 : Fighting the Odds 1. Guess my name: a. I had a learning disability and could not read until I was 3 years old. I had a difficult time doing maths in school. But, anyone who has learnt E=MC2 knows my name. b. I have dyslexia. But, I am an American singer & actress and sometimes lovingly known as the Goddess of Pop. c. I had a learning disability and struggled a lot in school. But, you all know me for my incredible invention that let’s you talk to one another. “Hello, Hello” d. I was an American actor who played the original Superman! But, after a horse-riding injury I could never walk again and had to use a portable ventilator everywhere I went. I then dedicated my life to help people with spinal chord injuries. 9

e. I had a learning disability and could not read until I was 12 years old. I became deaf after I pulled up to a train car by my ears. But, that did not stop me from inventing the light bulb and having over 1,000 patents to my name. f. I had polio. But, that did not stop me from becoming the governor of New York and later, the President of the United States of America for 4 terms! g. I was blind, deaf and mute. But, I did not feel that stop me from devoting my life to help people with disabilites. I completed my graduation and went on to become an author, political activist and lecturer. h. I am siverely dyslexic. But, I did not let it dictate my success as an Hollywood actor and global star. You know me for my work in Top Gun, Mission Impossible and many other movies. 10

2. Who am I: a. At 16, she had an accident that made her lose her leg. She overcame her disability by wearing a “Jaipur leg” and went on to become a famous classical Indian dancer. Her name is _______________________ ( Udsha Ndrahcna) b. He was visually impaired. But, he joined the Indian music industry at a very early age and became a notable music director in the 70s. His name is _______________________ (Danvriar Inja) c. He lost a leg in a train accident. But, this did not stop him from becoming a champion in badminton. He easily moves throughout the court on one leg and does not falter. His name is _______________________ (Shirgi Mrhsma) d. He was blind, but loved to play cricket. He converted his disability into an opportunity for himself and went on to become a T20 Blind Cricket World Champion with 32 centuries to his name. His name is _______________________ ( Raehsk Kina) e. He lost sensation in his legs when he was a child. But, he persevered and did not let his disability define him. Instead he trained and became the first Indian with a disabilty to skydive from a height of 14,000 feet. His name is _______________________ ( Asi Drsaap Nashviwntaha) 11

Lesson 2 : Serving our Nation 1. Guess my name: Word Bank High Altitude Warfare School | Operation Rahat | Horsed Cavalry Regiment | Battle of Longewala | Bailey Bridge-built in the Ladakh Valley | Honorary Group Captain | MES- Military Engineering Services | Siachen Glacier- 5000 metre above MSL | India | Honorary Lt Col | a. India controls the highest battlefield in the world. Where is it located? b. Which country in the world has the biggest “voluntary\" army where personnel have opted for military service? c. What is the full form of HAWS? d. Movie “Border” was based on which battle? 12

e. Name the operation that took place in 2013, which is considerd to be one of the biggest ‘Civilian Rescue Operations’ in the world. f. Which regiment in the Indian Army is one of only 3 such regiments in the world? g. Which is the highest bridge in the world? Where was it built? h. What rank had MS Dhoni been awarded in the armed forces? i. What was the rank awarded to Sachin Tendulkar? j. Name one of the biggest construction agencies in India. 13

Lesson 3 : Connecting with People- Media 1. Fill up the blanks using the hints. a. Oldest Newspaper in India b. Gandhiji started this newspaper c. First printed weekly newspaper of the world .... d. Let truth prevail is the tagline of .... e. 'Jaano Khabro se zyada' is the tagline of.... f. 'Journalism of courage' is the tagline of .... g. The maximum number of 280 characters can be used on which social networking site? h. A web log is also known as a.. i. The slogan of YouTube is.... j. Mark Zuckerberg is the founder of.... 14

The Tree of Tales (Story II) : A Tea Bag in Hot Water Kyle was a smart boy. He loved to play sports and had a good aptitude towards maths and science. However, Kyle had one serious shortcoming, which always got in the way of him attaining good grades or winning at different sports. Sometimes, Kyle would succeed, but very often when he fell short of his potential he was quick to blame circumstances and his surroundings. He always had an excuse for not getting good grades or not playing sports to his full potential. While he may have let this habit go unchecked in the past, Kyle’s mother realised she needed to help Kyle change his attitude. She called Kyle into the kitchen one day for a bit of a cooking lesson. She sat him down and switched on the stove where she had out on three different pots with boiling water. In the first pot, mother dropped an egg. In the second, she dropped some carrots. She then smiled and looked up at a very confused Kyle. She asked Kyle what the properties of an egg and carrot were. Kyle responded that while the shell was brittle, the insides of an egg were all soft and gooey. Whereas, carrots were tough and hard to chew. Mother then asked Kyle to tell her what happened when the two were put in boiling water. Kyle thought and replied, “The egg get’s tough and hard, while the tough carrot becomes soft.” Mother told Kyle, “That’s correct dear. Life too was just like the boiling 15

water. Sometimes, we face troubles and difficulties. Sometimes we face challenges and tests. All these troubles and tests were the boiling water.” “Some people are like the egg. They are all soft and delicate, but when they face challenges they come out hardened and tough. While others were like the carrot- all tough and hard, but a little bit of hot water and they got all soft.” Kyle nodded and then looked at the third pot of boiling water. He asked his mother what that represented. Mother smiled and put a little tea bag into the water. Immidiately, the colour of the water changed. It was no longer just hot water now, but a cup of wonderful tea! Mother then explained to Kyle, “Rather than blaming situations or finding excuses Kyle, if you can become like this teabag, you will never be afraid of facing challenges again. People who are like teabags do not let the hot water affect them. Instead, they use the hot water to change the situation. They get into the ‘hot water’ and use it to influence and shape the things around them. So be like the teabag, that does not change, rather changes the challenge or problem to their advantage.” Why don’t you discuss with your friends and peers, what they think they are and what they would like to become. Which one are you- the egg, the carrot or the teabag? 16

Rock or Water When you think of a rock, what adjectives come to your mind? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ When you think of water, what adjectives come to your mind? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ While a rock is hard and unbreakable, water is flowing, easy to move and constantly changing. As people, some of us are rocks and some water. This means that those who feel they are always right and cannot change easily are said to have rock thinking. On the other hand, those who can change and move with the times, those who are open to learning are said to have water thinking. By being a rock, we remain constant.  Our thoughts and ideas remain fixed and unchanging.  We feel that whatever we do is right and everyone else’s way is incorrect. But, if we can change our minds and become more fluid like water we can grow and be more open towards other people.  We learn to respect other people and their customs and practices.  We understand that it is human to make mistakes and that we must all learn from our mistakes.  We work hard to improve and acknowledge that we do well in our studies and extra-curricular activities only because of hard work and practice. SO which one would you want to be? Rock or Water? 17

WHAT SHOULD WE DO Insted of Trying to I am not good at this. I am not good at this yet, but I will I am great at this. learn. This is too hard. This is too easy. I practiced and learned how to do this. I am afraid I will make a mistake. This will require effort and finding the I give up. right strategy. I can't do this. This is good enough. How can I make this more challenging? I won't try because I might fail. When I make a mistake. I will learn I am not as smart as my friend. from it. I will succeed if I put forth effort and find a better strategy. I need some feedback and help from others. Is it my best work? Can I improve it? If I fail I can try again until I succeed. I am in charge of how smart I am because I can grow my brain by learning hard things! 18

Lesson 4 : Hardwork to the Top 1. Fill up the blanks. Founder Company Picture a. FLIPKART b. OLA c. ZOMATO d. BYJUS e. BOOK MY SHOW f. BIG BASKET g. OYO ROOMS h. CAR24 i. PAYTM j. LENSKART 19

Lesson 5 : Sporting Talents 1. Identify the person and write their name in boxes. a. Fastest person ever in 100 b. World Champion at the age and 200 metres. He sprinted of 22 years, in Heavyweight 100 metres in 9.58 seconds Boxing. Known as twinkle- and 200 metres in 19.19 toes. His original name is seconds. Cassius X c. The first Indian to win the World Amatuer Billiards title. d. Swiss tennis player with 17 e. 6ft 6 inches in height, this grand slam titles to boast. basketball player dominated He is one of the most the sport for more than a popular tennis players in decade and was a six-time modern times. NBA champion. 2. Choose the correct answer. a. Country with the maximum titles in Women’s World Cup Hockey is _______________________. (Netherlands, India) b. The national game of Bangladesh is _______________________ (Kabaddi, Kho-Kho) c. The _______________________ army introduced hockey in India. (British, French) d. _______________________ is a sport that resembles hockey but is played on horseback. (Polo, Fencing) e. ‘Korbo’ is a game played in _______________________ on horseback. (Ethopia, Somalia) 20

Lesson 6 : Drama-Rama- Honours & Accolades 1. Match the Columns. Column-B Column-A i. Ashok Chakra, Kirti Chakra & a. Moonlight Shaurya Chakra b. Peacetime Gallantry Award ii. 1901 c. Mother India iii. Won Best Film in the 89th Oscars in 2017 d. Nobel prize first awarded in iv. Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chankra & Vir Chakra e. Cannes Award v. Rabindranath Tagore f. Wartime Gallantry Award vi. Recipient of the Best Actor Award in the 64th National Film Award in 2017 g. Mewar Awards vii. First Hindi film to be sent for nominations in category of h. Akshay Kumar Best Foreign Film at Oscars in 1957 i. First Indian to receive Nobel Prize in Literature viii. Recipient of special Jury Award at the 64th National Film Award j. Sonam Kapoor in 2017 ix. Rajasthan x. Excellence in the field of Films 21

The Tree of Tales (Story III) : The Value of Things Jahangir was a French born businessman, who also had a fondness for aviation. He was not only a smart entreprenuer but also a brilliant aviation pioneer who was responsible for the creation of India’s first airline. All his friends were impressed and amazed at how Jahangir could manage to handle so many different tasks all at once. One day, Jahangir met up with a friend for lunch. His friend was about to sign the cheque, when he became flustered and irrtated with himself. When Jahangir asked him, what was wrong, his friend explained that he had a bad problem of constantly losing pens. No matter how many he got, he always seemed to misplace them. As a result his friend never bought any expensive pens, worried that he might lose it. Jahangir smiled at his friend and suggested he buy the most expensive pen he could think of and see how that goes. Curious, his friend decided to go along with Jahangir’s suggestion and bought himself a 22 carat gold plated Cross fountain pen. Jahangir and his friend weren’t in touch for a while, but when they met each other a few months down the line, Jahangir enquired about his friend’s habit of losing his pen. His friend replied cheerily that ever since he bought the expensive cross pen, he 22

hasn’t lost any pens. Just knowing how expensive that pen was and what it’s value was, Jahangir’s friend always took care of it and did not lose it even once. Jahangir smiled and explained to his friend that this philosophy could be applied to just about anything. It could be your family, your friends, your job or more importantly it could be your time. If you learn to value your health, you will excersise regularly and be alert on what you put into your body. If you learn to value your friends, you’ll respect them. If you value your relationships, you won’t break them. Most importantly, if you value time, you will not waste it. Jahangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, popularly known JRD Tata understood the importance and value of time and he always learnt to value it. And hence never wasted it. JRD Tata was the founder of one of India's biggest & most respected conglomerate - TATA GROUP There are many big companies under Tata & Groups: Tata Motors Tata Power Tata Sons Croma TCS Taj Hotel Titan Tata Steel Westside Tata Capital Voltas 23

SAY NO TO PROCRASTINATION By procrastinating, we are lying to ourselves that we have time to do things at a later date. We become lazy and find excuses to not do the work we should be doing. And when we finally get down to doing the task we have put off until the last minute, we face problems and complications! Because we put things off until the last minute, our experieces of completing our tasks leaves a bad impression in our minds and the next time we have to do a chore we remember the bad experience and sherk of our tasks once again. 24

To help you understand how and when you procrastinate, let’s make a list of times you have put off doing something for a later time and then repented for it. Yes No I pack my bag the night before school. I do not use the phone when I am supposed to study. I clean my room on the regular basis without mom telling me to. I feel like I use my time wisely. I always have time to play and watch tv after I finish my homework. I have planned out my entire school term, so that I am able to study better. I take time to read and spend time with my family and elders. If your answer to most of these questions is a YES then you know the VALUE of TIME and how to spend it wisely. However, if half or most of your answers are NO, then maybe you need a little help to guide you to not procrastinate. Squeaky Squirrel says, Here are some tips and tricks you can use to avoid procrastinating and use your time wisely.  Create a schedule. That way you know REMEMBER: how much you have to finish everyday. PROCRASTINATION IS THE THIEF OF TIME  Set realistic goals that you can easily achieve.  Keep the phone away when you study or read.  Set deadlines for yourself.  Take 15 minute breaks every few hours.  Eat healthy snacks and ‘brain food’ like nuts, fruits and vegetables. 25

Lesson 7 : It‛s All About the Money, Honey! 1. Tick () the right answer. i. The full form of RBI is ________________________. a. Reserve Bank of India b. Right to Banking in India ii. The RBI was established in ____________________. a. 1st April, 1935 b. 1st April, 1949 iii. The RBI headquarters are in ___________________. a. Delhi b. Mumbai iv. The logo of the RBI was inspired by _____________. a. West Indian Double Mohur b. East India Company Double Mohur 26

v. The RBI is responsible for printing currency notes and minting coins. a. True b. False vi. The first woman deputy governor of RBI appointed in 2003 was ________________________. a. K. J. Udeshi b. Arundhati Bhattacharya vii. The financial year of the RBI is from ________________________. a. 1st June to 30th May b. 1st July to 30th June viii. The RBI was also the Central bank for Pakistan and Myanmar until 1948 and 1947 respectively. a. True b. False ix. The only Prime Minsiter of India to have served as the Governor of RBI was ________________________. a. Manmohan Singh b. Indira Gandhi x. The first Indian to hold the position of Governor of RBI was ________________________. a. Mr. Osborne Smith b. Mr. C. D. Deshmukh 27

2. Match the Columns. COLUMN B i. Demonetization. COLUMN A ii. Shares/Securities iii. Current Account a. Account to run a business. iv. The Bank of Bengal b. Account to save money and v. Savings Bank deposit savings. Account c. The process of stopping 500/ vi. C.D. Deshmukh vii. Mumbai and 1000/ notes from use. viii. Osborne Smith d. Bought and sold in the stock exchange. e. Location of National Stock Exhange. f. State Banks of India’s original name. g. First Governer of RBI. h. First Indian Governor of RBI. 3. Give the fullform of the following. a. RTGS: b. NEFT: c. IFSC: d. MICR: 28

Lesson 8 : Reason with Me 1. From one word to the Next: For each line, rewrite the word from the line above, changing only the letter in the circle. Each word you write will be either the opposite or distinctly different from the word written to the right. EASY DOES IT __ __ __ __ AND WEST FIRST AND __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ DOES IT LEAST AND __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ OF THE SHIP __ __ __ __ OF THE PLAY __ __ __ __ OF BAD JUDGEMENT THEY __ __ __ __ TO PLAY __ __ __ __ AND FORTUNE __ __ __ __ AS A KITTEN __ __ __ __ DUCK __ __ __ __ POST WET AND D __ __ __ 29

2. Answer the following questions. No. Question Answer Some months have 30 days, some All of them. Every month has at least 28 a. months have 31 days. How many days. months have 28 days? If a doctor gives you 3 pills and tells you b. to take one pill every half hour, how long would it be before all the pills are taken? I went to bed at eight o'clock in the evening and wound up my clock and c. set the alarm to sound at nine o'clock in the morning. How many hours sleep would I get before being woken by the alarm? d. Divide 30 by half and add ten. What do you get? e. A farmer had 17 sheep and all but 9 die. How many are left? If you had only one match and entered f. a COLD and DARK room, where there was an oil heater, an oil lamp and a candle, which would you light first? A man builds a house with four sides g. of rectangular construction, each side having a southern exposure. A big bear comes along. What colour is the bear? h. If you take 2 apples from 3 apples, what do you have? i. How many animals of each species did Moses take with him in the Ark? If you drove a bus with 43 people on j. board from London and stopped at Liverpool to pick up 7 more people, what's the name of the driver? k. Do they have a 4th July in England? 30

l. How many birthdays does the average man have? m. Is it legal for a man in California to marry his widow's sister? n. How many two pence stamps in a dozen? o. An assistant in a butcher's shop is 5'10\" tall. What does he weigh? p. What do you put in a toaster? q. Say \"Silk\" 5 times, now spell \"Silk\". What do cows drink? If a red house is made of red bricks and r. a blue house is made of blue bricks, what is a green house made of? A plane crashes on the Canadian - US s. border. Where would you bury the survivors? If the hour hand on a clock moves t. 1/60th of a degree every minute, how many degrees will it move in an hour? Johnny's mother has 3 kids, one is u. named April, one is named May. What is the other one named? In a one storey house the floor is blue v. and the walls and ceiling are white. What colour are the stairs? A cowboy rode into town on Friday, w. spent the night, and left on Friday. How can this be? I have two coins which add up to 15 x rupees and one of the coins is NOT a 10 rupees. What are the two coins? If a rooster laid an egg on the apex of a y. slanted barn roof, which way would the egg roll, left or right? 31

3. Fill up the blanks with the names of the body part normally used in the phrases below. a. He got his _______________ in the door. b. Her _______________ is to the wall. c. He is so thin that he's nothing but ____________________________ and ____________________ . d. Keep a stiff upper _______________ . e. The captain called, \"All _______________ on deck.\" f. She made it by the skin of her _______________ . g. I wanted him to get to the _______________ of the matter. h. They do not see _______________ to _______________ . i. My grandparents have an old-fashioned pot-_______________stove. j. Do not stick your _______________ out unless it is worth it to you. k. She knew that it went in one _______________ and out the other. l. To tell time, he used his new _______________ watch. m. He is really out on a _______________ . n. When he told me, he had a lump in his _______________ . o. She is _______________ and _______________ above the rest. 32

4. Tick the right answer. i. Which of the stages of development involves an individual recognizing that there is some flaw in their thinking? a. Master thinker b. Advanced thinker c. Challenged thinker d. None of these ii. A person who is completely unaware of any problems or flaws in their thinking is, in which of the following stages? a. Practicing b. Unreflective c. Master d. None of these iii. The ability to consider information or subjects outside of biases or personal beliefs is referred to as what? a. Criticism b. Genius c. Objectivity d. None of these 5. Identify the relation between given words and choose the correct answers. i. blurred : straightforward : : fail : a. disregard b. impact c. revolt d. triumph ii. mislead : deceive : : aware : _______ a. fathomable b. ignorant c. knowledge d. morose iii. support : renounce : : dear : ________ a. crystal b. enlarged c. morbid d. vague 33

iv. enlarge : decrease : : modest : ________ a. conspicuous b. honorable c. humble d. pious v. ideal : tangible : : acquainted : _______ a. familiar b. formulated c. ignorant d. knowledge vi. craftily : clever : : genuine : ______ a. devious b. misleading c. sincere d. unaware vii. support : oppose : : demolish : _____ a. construct b. destroy c. impoverish d. increase viii. advisable : unwise : : hostile : _______ a. agreeable b. amorous c. angry d. destructive ix. evident : apparent : : forceful : ______ a. agape b. aggressive c. bending d. sweet x. indefinite : obscure : : obvious : ______ a. bending b. ignorant c. transparent d. unclear 34

6. Write the letter for the correct tool to answer each question. A B CD E a. Meg has some , , , and. She wants to make lemonade in the big . Meg wants to know how much lemonade the will hold. Which tool can she use? STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 Think about what Look at the tools. Decide which tool measures Meg wants to know. Think about what what Meg wants to know. each one measures. Answer the question. b. Meg wants to know how much of she has. Which tool can she use to find out? c. Meg wants to know how tall the is. Which tool can she use to find out? d. Meg puts in the lemonade to make it cold. Which tool can she use to find out if it is cold? e. Meg wants to know how much , she has. Which tool can she use to find out? 35

7. Use Logical Reasoning: Jenna collects buttons. Here are a few. Read the clues: Choose the letters for the buttons that match the clues. Solve the riddles about Jenna’s buttons. Write the letter of the button that matches the clues. I am not round. I have unequal I have more than 1 line of sides. I have fewer than 4 symmetry. I have at least 4 corners. I show symmetry. corners. I have twice as many Which button am I? _____ sides as corners. Which button am I? _____ I do not have corners. I have 4 corners. I have 2 My shape has 2 lines of lines of symmetry. Two sides symmetry. are longer than the other 2 sides. Which button am I? Which button am I? _____ _____ 36

8. Analyze Strategies: Use Logical Reasoning. Trout 16 in a. Five friends went fishing on a school camp out. Sarah, Nancy, Marta, Frank and Yoko each caught one fish. Read the clues. Then use them to determine each student’s catch. • Marta’s fish was longer than Sarah’s fish. • Yoko’s fish was 2 inches longer than Nancy’s fish. Catfish 13 in • The length of Sarah's fish was not a multiple of 2. • Nancy did not catch the smallest fish. Minnow 2 in Bluegill 6 in Bass 8 in Who caught which fish? i. Sarah ii. Nancy iii. Marta iv. Frank v. Yoko Read carefully and solve each problem. b. Kevin collected 50 sea creatures. He has sand dollars, starfish, and sea urchins. Use these clues to find out how many of each type he has. • He has four times as many starfish as sand dollars. • He has 8 more sea urchins than sand dollars. i. Starfish ii. Sand Dollars iii. Sea Urchins c. In a line of 30 students entering school, 15 have coats, 12 have hats, and 8 have both coats and hats. i. How many students have only coats? ________________________________________________________ ii. How many students have neither a coat nor a hat? ________________________________________________________ 37

9. Complete the sequence and fill up the missing number. a. 45 50 55 45 50 50 55 b. 26 33 40 26 40 26 33 c. 19 23 27 31 19 27 31 19 23 31 10. Complete the sequence and fill up the missing numbers. a. 2 1 1 2 9 3 8 47 56 65 b. 2 1 3 3 5 417 5 19 6 2 1 25 27 c. 1 2 1 1 42 184 1105 11 47 d. 5 3 61 65 69 77 81 e. 11 2 1 43 65 87 f. 2 8 2 0 26 38 38

11 Choose the correct option and complete the sequence. i. a. b. c. ii. a. b. c. 39

12. Look at the group of shapes. Check the box next to each statement that is true. Then write the category on the line. a. All the shapes: Name the category. are small Shapes that have corners and are black are all black have corners are the same Draw a different shape that would fit. b. All the shapes: Name the category. are circle are the same size are square have stripes Draw a different shape that would fit. c. All the shapes: Name the category. are the same color are triangles have corners are the same size Draw a different shape that would fit. d. All the shapes: Name the category. are the same shape are the same color are round are the same size Draw a different shape that would fit. 40

13. Which answer can replace the question mark? 2. 1. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 41

14. These are part-to-whole analogies. Look for the clue in the first part and circle the picture and write the name that finishes the analogy. a. Peel is to orange AS skin is to ________________________________________________________ b. Letter is to a word AS page is to a ________________________________________________________ c. Hair is to head AS nail is to ________________________________________________________ d. Hump is to camel AS shell is to ________________________________________________________ e. Speck is to dust AS splinter is to ________________________________________________________ f. Thorn is to cactus AS leaf is to ________________________________________________________ g. Teeth are to a dog AS fangs are to a ________________________________________________________ h. Ink is to pen AS lead is to ________________________________________________________ 42

Lesson 9 : English Winglish 1. Separate the Subject from the Predicate. a. The boy stood on the last bench. SUBJECT PREDICATE b. The singing of the birds. PREDICATE SUBJECT c. A good boy passed the examination. SUBJECT PREDICATE d. It is very hot. PREDICATE SUBJECT e. The cow gives us milk. PREDICATE SUBJECT f. The earth revolves round the sun. PREDICATE SUBJECT g. Edison invented the phonograph. PREDICATE SUBJECT h. Delhi is the capital of India. PREDICATE SUBJECT 43

2. An idiom is a phrase that means something different than the sum of the words that comprise it. Read each idiom and find its meaning. Match the Columns. COLUMN A COLUMN B a. ahead of the pack i. has a lot to do b. blind as a bat ii. dishonest c. busy as a beaver d. clean as a hound’s tooth iii. to support someone that e. crooked as a dog’s hind leg doesn’t succeed f. gruff as a bear g. back the wrong horse iv. the unpopular or disliked h. bark up the wrong tree member of the family v. to be more successful than others who are doing the same thing as you vi. very clumsy vii. talks a lot i. black sheep of the family viii. cannot see j. a bull in a china shop ix. cheerful and eager k. bright eyed and bushy-tailed x. choose the wrong course of action l. talk the hind legs off a xi. having been scolded or told donkey off xii. very clean 44

3. Read the sentances given below and name the types of sentences. Word Bank Imperative, Assertive, Exclamatory, Interrogative a. Please let me work. b. The boys make a noise. c. Stand up. d. What a clever girl you are! e. Where do you live? f. What a horrible sight it was! g. My father is a bank employee h. Children like sweets. i. Who is at the door? j. Don't make a noise. Did you know there are three main tenses in language: • The past • The present • The future Each word and sentence can be changed so as to explain to the reader the time when the action or event took place. 45

4. Fill up the blanks with 'is', 'am' or 'are'. a. These bags _________ heavy. b. Look! There _________ Raman. c. My brother and I _________ good cricket players. d. The weather _________ nice today. e. This bag _________ not so heavy. f. I _________ not tired. g. Rama _________ at home. h. Her children _________ at school. i. I _________ a student. j. My sister _________ a doctor. 5. Change the following sentences as instructed, without changing their meanings. a. Birds fly in the sky. (negative) ________________________________________________________ b. Rohit loves his teacher. (interrogative) ________________________________________________________ c. Boys are doing their homework. (negative) ________________________________________________________ d. My friend speaks good English. (interrogative) ________________________________________________________ e. Dogs are barking. (interrogative) ________________________________________________________ 46

6. Fill up the blanks with 'since' or 'for'. a. He has been here _______________ last Monday. b. She has been on the phone _______________ twenty minutes. c. I have been in this town _______________ 1967. d. You have been married _______________ five years. e. Raman has been on holiday _______________ last Wednesday. 7. Write one word for the following group of words. Word Bank fatalist, panacea, spokeman, inaudible, illiterate, autobigraphy, biography, theist, atheist, century a. A sound that cannot be heard. b. One who believes in fate. c. A cure of all diseases. d. One who speaks for others. e. A period of hundred years. f. One who doesn't know how to read and write. g. One who believes in the existence of God. h. One who does not believe in the existance of God i. The life history of a person written by himself. j. The life history of a person written by another. 47

8. Fill up the blanks with the opposite words. a. My towel is wet but yours is _________________ b. He never comes early, he is always _________________. c. I hoped that he would accept my proposal but finally he _________________ it. d. Deposit the amount and _______________ it whenever you need. e. Peace is always good _________________ is always bad. f. My box is light but yours is _________________ 9. Fill up the blanks with 'shall' or 'will'. a. He _________________ go to Chennai next month. b. You _________________ not enter the kitchen with muddy shoes. c. Rupam _________________ see you again. d. You _________________ go at once. 10. Identify the part of Speech that is highlighted in each sentence. Word Bank Adverb, Adjective, verb, preposition, noun, conjunction a. He is a nice man. b. The after effects of the drug are bad. c. The car went through the tunnel. d. Suddenly one of the wheels came off. e. I thought the movie ended abruptly. f. He came here so that you can meet him.. 48

11. Match the proverb or adage in column A to its meaning in column B. COLUMN A COLUMN B a. A fool and his money are soon i. Those who complain or parted protest get attention. ii. Everyone has good luck b. The squealing wheel gets greesed. or success at some point. iii. If a bad thing is done to c. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. you, don't do something bad as a response. d. Every dog has its day. iv. There's no such things as a new idea. e. Don't change horses in v. If you are foolish with midstream. money, you will soon loose it. f. The grass is always greener on vi. A person often realizes the other side of the hill. how much they care for someone when they are g. Two wrongs don't make a right. apart. vii. You will have problems h. Absence makes the heart grow if you change halfway fonder. through. viii. All pain and problems i. There is nothing new under the disappear over time. sun. ix. Each person has their own idea of what is beautiful. j. Time curses all ills. x. People often think that others are better off than they are. 49