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APPENDICES APPENDIX A: PILOT STUDY A1 Result of the Pilot Test The researcher sent the revised questionnaire to 30 randomly selected respondents to gather the Pilot Study data. Using the data from the Pilot Study, the researcher employed the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in order to explore and assess the dimensionality of the items measuring every construct in the study. Many researchers, for example Hoque et al. (2017, 2018), Noor et al. (2015), and Yahaya et al. (2018) stress that the researcher needs to employ the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) procedure for every construct to determine if the dimensionality of the items has changed from previous studies where the dimensions were developed. The dimensionality of items may change when the existing study is different from the previous study in terms of industry, culture and socio-economic status between the two populations, and also the time lapse (duration) between the existig study and the previous studies. In other words, the dimensions obtained by previous studies might not hold especially when the current study is conducted in a different environment and different industry A1.1.1 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for CBTP This construct has 10 measuring items in a questionnaire. The EFA results in Table 1 show the descriptive statistics for every item measuring CBTP. This construct was measured using the interval scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with the given item statements (Awang et al., 2016; Hoque et al., 2018). The item statement, the mean score and standard deviation of the score for every item is presented in Table A1. Table A.1 The mean and standard deviation for items measuring CBTP Mean Std. Deviation CBTP1 4.33 .661 CBTP2 4.20 .664 CBTP3 3.87 .819 CBTP4 3.70 .952 CBTP5 4.83 .379 CBTP6 4.73 .450 CBTP7 3.87 .900 CBTP8 3.83 .834 CBTP9 3.73 .907 CBTP10 3.53 .900 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the extraction method of Principal Component with Varimax (Variation Maximization) Rotation was performed on these 10 items measuring the CBTP construct. The results in Table 2 indicates that the Bartletts’ Test of Sphericity is significant (P-Value < 0.05). Furthermore, the measure of sampling adequacy by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is excellent since it exceeded the required value of 0.6 (Awang, 2010, 2012; Hoque et al., 2015; and Noor et al., 2015). These two results (Bartlett’s Test is significant and KMO > 0.6) indicate that the data is adequate to proceed with the data reduction procedure in EFA (Yahaya et al., 2018). 256

Table A.2 The KMO and Bartlett’s Test Score for CBTP Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling .793 Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-Square 180.065 Sphericity df 45 Sig. .000 The scree plot in Figure A.0.1 indicates three dimensions or components that emerged from the EFA procedure for this latent construct. In other words, the EFA procedure has grouped 10 items into three dimensions or components. Each dimension or component has its own set of measuring items. The rotated component matrix will determine precisely which items belong to which component (Awang, 2010, 2012). Figure A.0.1: The Scree Plot shows the three components that emerged from the EFA procedure The results in Table 3 show that three dimensions or components emerged from the EFA procedure based on the computed Eigenvalue were greater than 1.0. The Eigenvalues ranged between 1.231 and 3.282. The variance explained for component 1 is 32.820%, component 2 is 30.660% and component 3 is 12.314%. The total variance explained for measuring this construct is 75.794%. The total variance explained for the consruct is acceptable since it exceeded the minimum of 60% (Yahaya et al., 2018). 257

Table A.3 : The Total Variance Explained for CBTP Component Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings 1 Total % of Variance Cumulative % 2 3 3.282 32.820 32.820 3.066 30.660 63.480 1.231 12.314 75.794 Table 4 presents the three dimensions or components that emerged and their respective items that resulted from the EFA procedure. The factor loading for every item should be greater than 0.6 in order to be retained (Yahaya et al., 2018). The measuring items, their factor loading and their respective components are shown in Table 4. Table A.4 The Components and Their Respective Items Rotated Component Matrixa Component 123 CBTP1 .816 CBTP2 .762 CBTP3 .900 CBTP4 .670 CBTP5 .718 CBTP6 .770 CBTP7 .646 .603 CBTP8 .692 CBTP9 .885 CBTP10 .903 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations. Finally, the study needs to compute the value of Cronbach’s Alpha which reflects the Internal Reliability for the retained items in measuring this latent construct. The internal reliability or internal consistency indicates how strong the respective items are holding together in measuring the respective construct. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha should be greater than 0.7 for the items to achieve the Internal Reliability (Awang, 2012). Table 5 presented the Cronbach Alpha for every CBTP component. Table A.5: The Internal Reliability for the CBTP Construct Cronbach's N of Items Alpha .884 10 A1.1.2 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for the CBTFD This construct has 10 measuring items in a questionnaire. The EFA results in Table 6 show the descriptive statistics for every item measuring CBTFD. This construct was measured 258

using the interval scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with the given item statement (Awang et al., 2016; Hoque et al., 2018). The item statement, mean score and standard deviation of every item is presented in Table 6. Table A.6: The mean and standard deviation for the items measuring CBTFD Mean Std. Deviation RE1 3.77 .774 RE2 4.23 .728 RE3 4.27 .740 RE4 4.87 .346 RE5 4.33 .547 RE6 3.80 .997 RE7 4.17 .747 RE8 3.70 .877 RE9 3.40 1.003 RE10 3.17 .986 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the extraction method of Principal Component with Varimax (Variation Maximization) Rotation was performed on these 10 items measuring the CBTFD construct. The results in Table 7 indicate that the Bartletts’ Test of Sphericity is significant (P-Value < 0.05). Furthermore, the measure of sampling adequacy by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is excellent since it exceeded the required value of 0.6 (Noor et al., 2015). These two results (Bartlett’s Test is significant and KMO > 0.6) indicate that the data is adequate to proceed with the data reduction procedure in the EFA (Hoque et al., 2017, 2018). Table A.7: The KMO and Bartlett’s Test Score for CBTFD Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling .809 Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-Square 155.372 Sphericity df 45 Sig. .000 The scree plot in Figure 2 indicates three dimensions or components that emerged from the EFA procedure for this latent construct. In other words, the EFA procedure has grouped 10 items into three dimensions or components. Each dimension or component has its own set of measuring items. The rotated component matrix will determine exacty which items belong to which component (Awang, 2010, 2012). 259

Figure A.0.2: The Scree Plot shows three components emerged from the EFA procedure The results in Table 8 show that there are three dimensions or components that have emerged from the EFA procedure based on the computed Eigenvalue which is greater than 1.0. The Eigenvalues ranged between 1.410 and 3.234. The variance explained for component 1 is 32.338%, component 2 is 28.342% and component 3 is 14.100%. The total variance explained for measuring this construct is 74.779%. The total variance explained is acceptable since it exceed the minimum of 60% (Awang, 2010, 2012; Noor et al., 2015; Hoque and Awang, 2016; Hoque et al., 2017, 2018; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.8: Total Variance Explained of RE 260

Component Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings 1 Total % of Variance Cumulative % 2 3 3.234 32.338 32.338 2.834 28.342 60.679 1.410 14.100 74.779 Table 9 presents the three dimensions or components that emerged and their respective items that resulted from the EFA procedure. The factor loading for every item should be greater than 0.6 in order to be retained (Awang, 2012; and Yahaya et al., 2018). The measuring items, their factor loading and their respective components are shown in Table 9. Table A.9: The Components and Their Respective Items Rotated Component Matrixa Component 123 RE1 .757 RE2 .803 RE3 .830 RE4 .896 RE5 .642 RE6 .703 RE7 .657 RE8 .650 RE9 .907 RE10 .888 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 4 iterations. Finally, the study needs to compute the value of Cronbach’s Alpha which reflects the Internal Reliability for the retained items in measuring this latent construct. The internal reliability or internal consistency indicates how strong the respective items are holding together in measuring the respective construct. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha should be greater than 0.7 for the items to achieve the Internal Reliability (Awang, 2012). Table 10 presented the Cronbach Alpha for every component measuring the CBTFD construct. Table A10: The Internal Reliability for the CBTFD Construct Cronbach's N of Items Alpha .883 10 261

A1.1.3 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for CBTIP This construct has 10 measuring items in a questionnaire. The EFA results in Table 11 show the descriptive statistics for every item measuring the CBTIP. This construct was measured using the interval scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with the given item statement (Awang et al., 2016; Hoque et al., 2018). The item statement, mean and standard deviation of the score for every item is presented in Table 11. Table A.11: The mean and standard deviation for items measuring CBTIP Mean Std. Deviation SN1 3.43 .935 SN2 3.87 .900 SN3 3.53 1.008 SN4 4.07 .868 SN5 3.60 .968 SN6 4.20 .805 SN7 3.87 .819 SN8 3.87 .900 SN9 4.23 .817 SN10 4.00 .643 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the extraction method of Principal Component with Varimax (Variation Maximization) Rotation was performed on these 10 items measuring the CBTIP construct. The results in Table 12 indicate that the Bartletts’ Test of Sphericity is significant (P-Value < 0.05). Furthermore, the measure of sampling adequacy by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is excellent since it exceeded the required value of 0.6 (Awang, 2010, 2012; Hoque et al., 2015; and Noor et al., 2015). These two results (Bartlett’s Test is significant and KMO > 0.6) indicate that the data is adequate to proceed with the data reduction procedure in EFA (Awang, 2012; Noor et al., 2015; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.12: The KMO and Bartlett’s Test Score for CBTIP Construct Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling .871 Adequacy. 207.924 45 Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-Square .000 Sphericity df Sig. The scree plot in Figure 3 indicates one dimension or component that emerged from the EFA procedure for this latent construct. In other words, the EFA procedure has grouped 10 items into one dimension or component. Each dimension or component has its own set of measuring items. The rotated component matrix will determine exacty which item belongs to which component (Awang, 2012). 262

Figure A.0.3: The Scree Plot shows one component emerged from the EFA procedure The results in Table 13 show that one dimension or component emerged from the EFA procedure based on the computed Eigenvalue greater than 1.0. The Eigenvalue is 6.276. The variance explained for component 1 is 62.758%. The total variance explained for measuring this construct is 62.758%. The total variance explained is acceptable since it exceed the minimum of 60% (Awang, 2010, 2012; Noor et al., 2015; Hoque and Awang, 2016; Hoque et al., 2017, 2018; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.13: Total Variance Explained Component Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Variance % 1 6.276 62.758 62.758 Table 14 presents the one dimension or component that emerged and the respective items resulted from the EFA procedure. The factor loading for every item should be greater than 0.6 in order to be retained (Awang, 2012; and Yahaya et al., 2018). The measuring items, their factor loading and their respective components are shown in Table 14. Table A.14: The components and their respective items Component 1 263

SN1 .793 SN2 .664 SN3 .790 SN4 .823 SN5 .763 SN6 .812 SN7 .760 SN8 .916 SN9 .755 SN10 .823 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 1 components extracted. Finally, the study needs to compute the value of Cronbach’s Alpha which reflect the Internal Reliability for the retained items in measuring this latent construct. The internal reliability or internal consistency indicates how strong the respective items are holding together in measuring the respective construct. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha should be greater than 0.7 for the items to achieve the Internal Reliability (Awang, 2012). Table 15 presented the Cronbach Alpha for each component. Table A.15: The Internal Reliability for the Construct Cronbach's N of Items Alpha .931 10 A1.1.4 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for FI This construct has 5 items in a questionnaire. The EFA results in Table 16 show the descriptive statistics for every item measuring FI. This construct was measured with the interval scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree) with the given item statement (Awang et al., 2016; Hoque et al., 2018). The item statement, mean score and standard deviation of the score for every item is presented in Table 16. Table A.16: The mean and standard deviation for items measuring FI Mean Std. Deviation FI1 3.67 .711 FI2 4.10 .759 FI3 3.70 .837 FI4 3.80 .847 FI5 3.83 .747 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the extraction method of Principal Component with Varimax (Variation Maximization) Rotation was performed on these 5 items measuring the FI construct. The results in Table 17 indicates that the Bartletts’ Test of Sphericity is significant (P-Value < 0.05). Furthermore, the measure of sampling 264

adequacy by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is excellent since it exceeded the required value of 0.6 (Awang, 2010, 2012; Hoque et al., 2015; and Noor et al., 2015). These two results (Bartlett’s Test is significant and KMO > 0.6) indicate that the data is adequate to proceed with the data reduction procedure in the EFA (Awang, 2010, 2012; Noor et al., 2015; Hoque and Awang, 2016; Hoque et al., 2017, 2018; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.17: The KMO and Bartlett’s Test Score for FI Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling .789 Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-Square 59.719 Sphericity df 10 Sig. .000 The scree plot in Figure 4 indicates the dimension or component that emerged from the EFA procedure for this latent construct. In other words, the EFA procedure has grouped 5 items into one dimension or component. Each dimension or component has its own set of measuring items. The rotated component matrix will determine exacty which items belong to which component (Awang, 2010, 2012). Figure A.0.4: The Scree Plot shows one component emerged from the EFA procedure 265

The results in Table 18 show that one dimension or component emerged from the EFA procedure based on the computed Eigenvalue greater than 1.0. The eigenvalues ranged between 3.092. The variance explained for component 1 is 61.846%. The total variance explained for measuring this construct is 61.846%. The total variance explained is acceptable since it exceed the minimum of 60% (Awang, 2010, 2012; Noor et al., 2015; Hoque and Awang, 2016; Hoque et al., 2017, 2018; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.18: Total Variance Explained for FI Construct Component Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Variance % 1 3.092 61.846 61.846 Table 19 presents the one dimension or component that emerged and the respective items that resulted from the EFA procedure. The factor loading for every item should be greater than 0.6 in order to be retained (Awang, 2012; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Thus, one item from each component had to be deleted since it failed to achieve the minimum requirement for the factor loading of 0.6 (Awang, 2010, 2012, 2014, & 2015, Noor et al., 2015; Hoque and Awang, 2016; Hoque et al., 2017, 2018; and Yahaya et al., 2018). The measuring items, their factor loading and their respective components are shown in Table 19. Table A.19: The components and their respective items Component 1 FI1 .805 FI2 .849 FI3 .817 FI4 .862 FI5 Deleted Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 1 components extracted. Finally, the study needs to compute the value of Cronbach’s Alpha which reflects the Internal Reliability for the retained items in measuring this latent construct. The internal reliability or internal consistency indicates how strong the respective items are holding together in measuring the respective construct. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha should be greater than 0.7 for the items to achieve the Internal Reliability (Awang, 2012). Table 20 presented the Cronbach Alpha for each component. Table A.20: The Internal Reliability for the FI Construct Cronbach's N of Items Alpha .841 5 266

A1.1.5 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for FCI This construct has 10 measuring items in a questionnaire. The EFA results in Table 21 show the descriptive statistics for every item measuring FCI. This construct was measured using the interval scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with the given item statement (Awang et al., 2016; Hoque et al., 2018). The item statement, mean score and standard deviation of the score for every item is presented in Table 21. Table A.21: The mean and standard deviation for items measuring FCI Mean Std. Deviation FCI1 3.80 .887 FCI2 3.70 .750 FCI3 3.97 .718 FCI4 4.00 .788 FCI5 3.87 .860 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the extraction method of the Principal Component with Varimax (Variation Maximization) Rotation was performed on these 10 items measuring the ECBT construct. The results in Table 22 indicate that the Bartletts’ Test of Sphericity is significant (P-Value < 0.05). Furthermore, the measure of sampling adequacy by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is excellent since it exceeded the required value of 0.6 (Awang, 2010, 2012; Hoque et al., 2015; and Noor et al., 2015). These two results (Bartlett’s Test is significant and KMO > 0.6) indicate that the data is adequate to proceed with the data reduction procedure in the EFA (Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.22: The KMO and Bartlett’s Test Score for FCI Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling .796 Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-Square 103.344 Sphericity Df 10 Sig. .000 The scree plot in Figure 5 indicates that one dimension or component emerged from the EFA procedure for this latent construct. In other words, the EFA procedure has grouped 10 items into three dimensions or components. Each dimension or component has its own set of measuring items. The rotated component matrix will determine precisely which items belong to which component (Awang, 2010, 2012). 267

Figure A.0.5: The Scree Plot shows one component emerged from the EFA procedure The results in Table 23 show that one dimension or component emerged from the EFA procedure based on the computed Eigenvalue greater than 1.0. The Eigenvalue is 3.621. The variance explained for component 1 is 72.422%. The total variance explained for measuring this construct is 72.422%. The total variance explained is acceptable since it exceed the minimum of 60% (Awang, 2010, 2012; Noor et al., 2015; Hoque and Awang, 2016; Hoque et al., 2017, 2018; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.23: Total Variance Explained Component Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Variance % 1 3.621 72.422 72.422 Table 24 presents the one dimension or component that emerged and their respective items that resulted from the EFA procedure. The factor loading for every item should be greater than 0.6 in order to be retained (Awang, 2012; and Yahaya et al., 2018). The measuring items, their factor loading and their respective components are shown in Table 24. Table A.24: The components and their respective items Component 1 FCI1 .879 FCI2 .868 FCI3 .857 FCI4 .778 FCI5 .870 268

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 1 components extracted. Finally, the study needs to compute the value of the Cronbach’s Alpha which reflects the Internal Reliability for the retained items in measuring this latent construct. The internal reliability or internal consistency indicates how strong the respective items are holding together in measuring the respective construct. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha should be greater than 0.7 for the items to achieve the Internal Reliability (Awang, 2012). Table 20 presented the Cronbach Alpha for each component. Table A.25: The Internal Reliability for the Construct Cronbach's N of Items Alpha .903 5 A1.1.6 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for PV This construct has 5 measuring items in a questionnaire. The EFA results in Table 26 show the descriptive statistics for every item measuring the FCI. This construct was measured using the interval scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with the given item statement (Awang et al., 2016; Hoque et al., 2018). The item statement, mean score and standard deviation of the score for every item is presented in Table 26. Table A.26: The mean and standard deviation for items measuring PV Mean Std. Deviation PV1 4.00 .947 PV2 4.30 .651 PV3 3.90 .960 PV4 3.90 .712 PV5 4.00 .695 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the extraction method of the Principal Component with Varimax (Variation Maximization) Rotation was performed on these 5 items measuring the PV construct. The results in Table 27 indicate that the Bartletts’ Test of Sphericity is significant (P-Value < 0.05). Furthermore, the measure of sampling adequacy by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is excellent since it exceeded the required value of 0.6 (Awang, 2010, 2012; Hoque et al., 2015; and Noor et al., 2015). These two results (Bartlett’s Test is significant and KMO > 0.6) indicate that the data is adequate to proceed with the data reduction procedure in EFA (Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.27: The KMO and Bartlett’s Test Score for PV Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling .794 Adequacy. 269

Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-Square 68.598 Sphericity Df 10 Sig. .000 The scree plot in Figure 6 indicates the one dimension or component that emerged from the EFA procedure for this latent construct. In other words, the EFA procedure has grouped 5 items into three dimensions or components. Each dimension or component has its own set of measuring items. The rotated component matrix will determine precisely which items belong to which component (Awang, 2010, 2012). Figure A.0.6: The Scree Plot shows one component emerged from the EFA procedure The results in Table 28 show that there is one dimension or component that emerged from the EFA procedure based on the computed Eigenvalue greater than 1.0. The Eigenvalue is 3.292. The variance explained for component 1 is 65.843%. The total variance explained for measuring this construct is 65.843%. The total variance explained is acceptable since it exceed the minimum of 60% (Awang, 2010, 2012; Noor et al., 2015; Hoque and Awang, 2016; Hoque et al., 2017, 2018; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.28: Total Variance Explained Component Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings 270

Total % of Cumulative Variance % 1 3.292 65.843 65.843 Table 29 presents the one dimension or component that emerged and their respective items that resulted from the EFA procedure. The factor loading for every item should be greater than 0.6 in order to be retained (Awang, 2012; and Yahaya et al., 2018). The measuring items, their factor loading and their respective components are shown in Table 29. Table A.29: The components and their respective items Component 1 PV1 .868 PV2 .839 PV3 .813 PV4 .786 PV5 .746 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 1 components extracted. Finally, the study needs to compute the value of the Cronbach’s Alpha which reflects the Internal Reliability for the retained items in measuring this latent construct. The internal reliability or internal consistency indicates how strong the respective items are holding together in measuring the respective construct. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha should be greater than 0.7 for the items to achieve the Internal Reliability (Awang, 2012). Table 30 presented the Cronbach Alpha for each component. Table A.30: The Internal Reliability for the FI Construct Cronbach's N of Items Alpha .863 5 A1.1.7 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for PVI This construct has 10 measuring items in a questionnaire. The EFA results in Table 31 show the descriptive statistics for every item measuring the FCI. This construct was measured using the interval scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with the given item statement (Awang et al., 2016; Hoque et al., 2018). The item statement, mean score and standard deviation of the score for every item is presented in Table 31. 271

Table A.31: The mean and standard deviation for items measuring PVI Mean Std. Deviation PVI1 3.87 .730 PVI2 4.03 .669 PVI3 4.13 .730 PVI4 4.00 .788 PVI5 4.23 .679 PVI6 3.97 .765 PVI7 3.97 .809 PVI8 4.33 .711 PVI9 4.47 .681 PVI10 3.60 .724 The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the extraction method of the Principal Component with Varimax (Variation Maximization) Rotation was performed on these 5 items measuring the PVI construct. The results in Table 27 indicate that the Bartletts’ Test of Sphericity is significant (P-Value < 0.05). Furthermore, the measure of sampling adequacy by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is excellent since it exceeded the required value of 0.6 (Awang, 2010, 2012; Hoque et al., 2015; and Noor et al., 2015). These two results (Bartlett’s Test is significant and KMO > 0.6) indicate that the data is adequate to proceed with the data reduction procedure in the EFA (Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.32: The KMO and Bartlett’s Test Score for PVI Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling .775 Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-Square 172.929 Sphericity df 45 Sig. .000 The scree plot in Figure 7 indicates the dimensions or components that emerged from the EFA procedure for this latent construct. In other words, the EFA procedure has grouped 5 items into one dimension or component. Each dimension or component has its own set of measuring items. The rotated component matrix will determine exacty which items belong to which component (Awang, 2010, 2012). 272

Figure A.0.7: The Scree Plot shows one component emerged from the EFA procedure The results in Table 33 show that three dimensions or components emerged from the EFA procedure based on the computed Eigenvalue greater than 1.0. The Eigenvalue ranged between 2.950 and 3.958. The variance explained for component 1 is 39.582%, component 2 is 29.497%/ The total variance explained for measuring this construct is 69.079%. The total variance explained is acceptable since it exceed the minimum of 60% (Awang, 2010, 2012; Noor et al., 2015; Hoque and Awang, 2016; Hoque et al., 2017, 2018; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Table A.33: Total Variance Explained Component Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 3.958 39.582 39.582 2 2.950 29.497 69.079 273

Table 34 presents the two dimensions or components that emerged and their respective items that resulted from the EFA procedure. The factor loading for every item should be greater than 0.6 in order to be retained (Awang, 2012; and Yahaya et al., 2018). Thus, one item from each component had to be deleted since it failed to achieve the minimum requirement for factor loading of 0.6 (Hoque and Awang, 2016). The measuring items, their factor loading and their respective components are shown in Table 9. Table A.34: The Components and Their Respective Items Component 12 PVI1 .732 PVI2 .770 PVI3 .847 PVI4 .896 PVI5 .799 PVI6 .876 PVI7 .848 PVI8 .858 PVI9 .752 PVI10 Deleted Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 3 iterations. Finally, the study needs to compute the value of the Cronbach’s Alpha which reflects the Internal Reliability for the retained items in measuring this latent construct. The internal reliability or internal consistency indicates how strong the respective items are holding together in measuring the respective construct. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha should be greater than 0.7 for the items to achieve the Internal Reliability (Awang, 2012). Table 35 presented the Cronbach Alpha for each component. Table A.35: The Internal Reliability for the Construct Cronbach's N of Items Alpha .885 10 274

APPENDIX B: PARTICIPANT INFORMATION SHEET Research Title: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BEHAVIOURAL COGNITIVE MENTORING A MODEL IN REDUCING PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY Mohammad Shaban Alsmadi, PhD (educational psychology) candidate, Faculty of Applied Social Science, Sultan Zain Alabidin University, Terengganu, Malaysia Telephone: +692790976007, Email: [email protected] Supervisors: Associate.Prof.DR. Norsuhaily Binti Abu Bakar, Lecturer, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Education, Sultan Zain Alabidin University (Gong Badak Campus), Terengganu, Malaysia Dear Participant, I am a doctoral student at Sultan Zain Alabidin University, Malaysia. I would like you to be part of this study aimed at assisting to refine the questions that will be asked of participants in my intended doctoral study entitled: “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BEHAVIOURAL COGNITIVE MENTORING IN REDUCING PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY”. The study has been approved by the university’s ethics committee. I invite you to conduct an interview that takes about 12 sessions and each session takes about 90 minutes. I will distribute the questioner before we start and after we finish the session's training of the behavioral cognitive program will be asked to see how it is effective in reducing psychological stress. The interview will take place at the time and place agreed upon by the group. There are no risks or harmful consequences that I can foresee arising from the research. Through your participation, you will contribute to the successful implementation of my PhD research. Activate indicative programs for the category of people with special needs in general and the category of people with cerebral palsy in particular in the Jordanian environment. Data All data will be kept secure at all times. Computer data files will be password-protected and all data (electronic or hardcopy) will be stored in a locked filing cabinet in a lockable office on the campus of University Sultan Zainal Abidin. Data will be interpreted, and results will be reported in a thesis dissertation, academic journal publications, and published in hard copy and electronic versions. Data to be used in publications and the dissertation will include answered of participants’ but at no time will the participant will be identified. You may request a copy of all information you contribute to participating in this study. You will also be provided with a summary of the results of the study upon request. after the study is completed, the raw data from this study will be destroyed. 275

Your participation is totally voluntary and confidential. You have the right to withdraw from active participation in this project at any time and, further, to request that data arising from your participation not to be used in the research the project provided that this right is exercised within four weeks of the completion of your participation in the project. You are asked to complete the “Withdrawal of Consent Form” or to notify the investigator by e-mail or telephone that you wish to withdraw your consent for your data to be used in this research project. Query Any questions regarding this project may be directed to Mohammad Shaban Alsmadi, PhD (Education psychology) candidate, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Sultan Zain Alabidin University, Terengganu, Malaysia. Telephone: +692790580869, Email: [email protected] Method of Complaint/Query If you have any complaints or queries that the investigator has not been able to answer to your satisfaction, you may contact the Secretary, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences. Thank you for your participation. Mohammad Shaban AL-smadi 276

APPENDIX C: QUSTIONNAIRE BEFORE PILOT STUDY Dear great Mother, The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of the Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring in reducing psychological stress among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. The researcher is a PhD student at University Sultan Zainal ABIDIN. The questionnaire asks about the stress of the mother who has a child with cerebral palsy, and how the Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring module helps in removing this stress through the social support and through the development of the child's cognition, behaviour, emotions, and physical activities through social support. Please do not write your names; your responses will be used only for the sake of this study. They will be top secret and will never be used but just for this study. 277

SECTION A: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC 1-Age: 26-35 36-40 more than 40 20-25 2- Education level: Secondary Diploma B.Sc. Primary 3-Employment No 301- 400 More than 400 Yes 201-300 4-Monthly income 100- 200 5- Is there help in your child care? Yes No 6- Who help you? Maid Relative 7- Supervision daycare (hrs) 4-7hrs 8-12hrs 1-3 hrs 8- Supervision night care (hrs) 3-5hrs 6-10hrs 1-2 hrs 9-Number of children: Two Three more than One Christian other 10-Religion: Islam 278

SECTION B The following statements describe feelings and perceptions about psychological stress among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Think of each of the items in terms of your relationship with your child(ren) with Cerebral Palsy. Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with the following items by marking the appropriate number. 1- Clicking the box means you strongly disagree. 2- Clicking the box means you disagree. 3- Clicking the box means you are undecided. 4- Clicking the box means you agree. Level 5- Clicking the box means you strongly agree. . Code Statement Strongly Agree Agree undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree Section 1: The effectiveness of The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program in reducing Cognitive and psychological problems of the child among Mothers CBTP1 I have to keep a continuous control and guidance to my child. 1 23 4 5 CBTP2 Is it easy to communicate with my child to correct his cognitive 1 23 4 5 and psychological problems? CBTP3 Is the child able to communicate with other children easily? 1 23 4 5 CBTP4 The child has a good self-confidence in the society. 1 23 4 5 CBTP 5 Is the child good in the perception of the cognitive issues? 1 23 4 5 CBTP 6 Taught me how to give care to my child. 1 23 4 5 CBTP 7 Helped me understand my child’s behaviour and reaction. 1 23 4 5 CBTP 8 Let me know I am doing a good job in helping my child. 1 23 4 5 CBTP 9 Included me in discussions when decisions were made about my 1 2 3 4 5 CBTP10 4 5 child’s care. Told me about improvements in my child’s conditions. 1 23 Section2: The relationship between The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program in reducing the Feelings of despair and frustration among Mothers CBTFD1 child's disease was the main reason for the family problems. 1 23 4 5 CBTFD2 We suffer from economic problems to afford the medical treatment to 1 2 3 4 5 CBTFD3 4 5 my child. I feel shy when someone starts talking about my child. 1 23 CBTFD4 I feel shy because of the behaviour of my child in the opened society. 1 2 3 4 5 279

CBTFD5 I feel shy about receiving any guest in my house. 1 23 4 5 CBTFD6 I feel shy of participating in society celebrations. 1 23 4 5 CBTFD7 I feel shy about practising my hobbies. 1 23 4 5 CBTFD8 Investing time and energy in my job. 1 23 4 5 CBTFD9 I suffer from anxiety. 1 23 4 5 CBTFD10 Engaging in relationships and friendship which help me to feel 1 2 3 4 5 important and appreciated. Section 3: The relationship between The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program in reducing the Concern for the future of the child among Mothers. CBTCF1 The child's disease is a challenge that cannot be solved. 1 23 4 5 CBTCF2 Will the child not able to practice his physical activities in the future. 1 2 3 4 5 CBTCF3 There are no relations between my child and his peers. 1 23 4 5 CBTCF4 Is the child not able to understand the others and react positively? 1 23 4 5 CBTCF5 Is the child not accepted in the society. 1 23 4 5 CBTCF6 My child doesn’t seem to smile as much as most children. 1 23 4 5 CBTCF7 My child is not able to do as much as I expected. 1 23 4 5 CBTCF8 My child is not able to get used to new things. 1 23 4 5 CBTCF9 My child is moody and easily upset. 1 23 4 5 CBTCF10 My child is violent when something happens that my child doesn’t like. 1 23 4 5 Section 4: The significance of The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program in reducing the problem of the child's independent performance among Mothers CBTIP1 Child's performance in understanding and perception does not develop. 1 2 3 4 5 CBTIP2 Can I let my child go to the street alone without control and escort? 1 23 4 5 CBTIP3 Is my child able to take care of his personal hygiene? 1 23 4 5 CBTIP4 My child expresses his needs, wishes, and feelings. 1 23 4 5 CBTIP5 My child asks for help when needed. 1 23 4 5 Section 5: The relationship between The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program in reducing the Feelings of despair and frustration among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in post- evaluation through moderator (social support) CBTPS1 There are no family groups for the families which have Children with 1 2 3 4 5 CBTPS2 Cerebral Palsy. The family feels loneliness in the society. 1 23 4 5 CBTPS3 I do not know charities or entities that present any support or services 1 2 3 4 5 CBTPS4 4 5 for my child. I feel the stress that cannot be avoided. 1 23 CBTPS5 There is no psychological support for the families which have Children 1 2 3 4 5 with Cerebral Palsy. Section 6: The effectiveness of The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program in reducing Cognitive and psychological problems of the child among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in post-evaluation through moderator (social support) 280

CBTFDS1 There are no books or publications that give information to the families 1 2 3 4 5 CBTFDS2 4 5 which have Children with Cerebral Palsy. CBTFDS3 4 5 There are no regular visits or committees to teach the families which 1 2 3 have Children with Cerebral Palsy how to develop the perception and behaviour of their children. There are no special schools for the Children with Cerebral Palsy. 1 23 CBTFDS4 There are no effective programs to take care of the Children with 1 2 3 4 5 CBTFDS5 Cerebral Palsy. 4 5 The society does not give any importance to the perceptive and 1 2 3 behavioural problems of the Children with Cerebral Palsy. Section 8: The significance of The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program in reducing the problem of the child's independent performance among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in post-evaluation through moderator (social support) CBTIPS1 There are no serious programs to develop children's mental and 1 2 3 4 5 physical performance. CBTIPS2 No appliances are available to help the child walk. 1 23 4 5 CBTIPS3 There are no achievements that indicate an improvement in the child's 1 2 3 4 5 CBTIPS4 4 5 independent performance. I do not know the ways to care for the disabled child. 1 23 CBTIPS5 There are some emotions in the performance of the child do not know 1 2 3 4 5 CBTIPS6 the reasons. 4 5 The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program added awareness in 1 2 3 CBTIPS7 helping the child's independent performance through the cooperation 4 5 with friends. CBTIPS8 The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program added awareness in 1 2 3 4 5 helping the child's independent performance through the cooperation CBTIPS9 with relatives. 4 5 CBTIPS 10 The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program added awareness in 1 2 3 4 5 helping the child's independent performance through the rehabilitated program. The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program added awareness in 1 2 3 helping the child's independent performance through association. The Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring Program added awareness in 1 2 3 helping the child's independent performance through hospitals. 281

APPENDIX D: FINAL QUSTIONNAIRE Dear great Mother, The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of the Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring in reducing psychological stress among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. The researcher is a PhD student at University Sultan Zainal ABIDIN. The questionnaire asks about the stress of the mother who has a child with cerebral palsy, and how the Behavioral Cognitive Mentoring module helps in removing this stress through the social support and through the development of the child's cognition, behaviour, emotions, and physical activities through social support. Please do not write your names; your responses will be used only for the sake of this study. They will be top secret and will never be used but just for this study. 282

SECTION A: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC 1-Age: 26-35 36-40 more than 40 20-25 2- Education level: Secondary Diploma B.Sc. Primary 3-Employment No 301- 400 More than 400 Yes 201-300 4-Monthly income 100- 200 5- Is there help in your child care? Yes No 6- Who help you? Maid Relative 7- Supervision daycare (hrs) 4-7hrs 8-12hrs 1-3 hrs 8- Supervision night care (hrs) 3-5hrs 6-10hrs 1-2 hrs 9-Number of children: Two Three more than One Christian other 10-Religion: Islam 283