Pelea - June 2018

PELEAOfficial Publication of the East Cape Game Management Association Amptelike Publikasie van die Oos-Kaap Wildbestuurgenootskap JUNE / JUNIE 2018Introducing SATTAWise or OtherwiseTGACites and theInternationalWildlife Trade

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PELEAOfficial Publication of the East Cape Game Management Association Amptelike Publikasie van die Oos-Kaap Wildbestuurgenootskap OFFICE / KANTOOR From the Chair 4 Tel: +27 (0)41 933 1394 Office News 6 Fax: +27 (0)86 544 7978 Club News 8 True Green Alliance 12 P.O. Box 2987 CHASA 14 Riebeeckhoogte Veterinary Report 18 Food for Thought 21 6231 SATTA 22 Who has been Hunting 24 E-mail: [email protected] Meadowfeeds Specie Samples 28 Wise or Otherwise 30CEO Junior Jag Foto Kompetisie 31Stappie Staphorst – 082 567 5199 PHASA 32 WRSA 34OFFICE SECRETARY Ballistic Realties 37Natalie van der Mescht – 060 528 9984 Springbok 42EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE / UITVOERENDE KOMITEE https://www.facebook.com/pages/East-Cape-Chairman / Voorsitter – Neil Dodds Game-Management-Association-ECGMAVice Chairman / Ondervoorsitter—Johann RautenbachFinances / Finansies – Piet Swart 3Game Ranching / Wildboere – Neil DoddsLegal Matters – Frikkie CoetzeeProfessional Hunting / Beroepsjag – Stappie Staphorst(Acting)Recreational Hunting / Ontspanningsjag – JohannRautenbachSocial Media – Shaun ThompsonTraining / Opleiding – Leigh-Ann KantVeterinary Matters – Dr. Leon de BruynTAK VOORSITTERS / BRANCH CHAIRMENAlgoa Hunting Club –Rudi Beets 082 734 9707Cradock Hunting Club –Barend de Klerk 083 781 4888Glen Connor Hunting Club –Arthur Rudman 083 280 1335Kei Barrel & Bow Hunting Club –Gary Harvey 083 452 0883Noorsveld Jag & Skiet Klub –Sam Rudman 082 826 3418

F C U Srom the hair / it die toelThe season has changed and that means the favourite time of the year for many. “Hunting season!” I trust your plans are in order and many memories are made in the veld and around the camp fire!ECGMA has again been at the forefront of the activities in the Eastern Cape and a busy time it has certainly been!The AGM was held in March and a change in guard has taken place. Prof. Pieter Van Niekerk has stepped down after manyyears of service to ECGMA. Pieter you have made invaluable input to the organisation and have guided and steered us inthe right direction to the vibrant body we are today. Thank you for all your time and if one thinks of the many lives youhave changed by simply sharing your passion for hunting and sharing your knowledge we realise the gap you will leave atECGMA! We wish you all the very best for your future plans and endeavours. Welcome to Leigh-Anne Kant on the Exco andknow you will fulfil your role with the dedication that has already made you a household name in the Eastern Cape wildlifecircles.My thanks to my fellow Exco for the dedication that enables the smooth running of ECGMA.The Annual combined ECGMA/WRSA/PHASA meeting in Bedford was well attended and remains an important function toget the information out to role players in the industry. Johan Rabie gave an interesting talk on Buffalo breeding which waswell received. The professional hunting saga was well debated and continues to play out on social media. I urge restraint onthese platforms and encourage the marketing of SA hunting as a whole.With the WILDFEES GAME AUCTION coming up and our input to make it a success the office has been busy coordinating theanimals for auction. Planning is in full swing and we look forward to seeing you all there. With a variety of animals onauction, from SAN Parks ADDO buffalo, kudu and eland breeding bulls, plains game in the boma’s to selected animals oncatalogue there is something for everyone.The game auctions have been positive with the plains game as well as hunting animals selling well. Traditionally highervalue animals are under pressure but quality still demands a good price as was evident at the Signature auction. This trendwill continue as breeders seek to improve their herds. Within the wildlife sector it is only the breeding that is underpressure. Meat, hunting and eco-tourism are doing well. The continued drought in many parts also effect the demand forbreeding animals. The Eastern Cape has become the major role player and we look forward to exiting times.The hunting and game ranching industries are not without its problems and the onslaught from those ill-informed is ofmajor concern. It is up to us to portray our industry in the positive light it deserves and act in a manner that is sociallyresponsible. ECGMA continues to engage with relevant role players and strongly endorses the CHASA policy of Wildlifeutilisation, hunting and conservation.With hunting season upon us and with abundant game in the province, hunters will be able to pursue there passion butalways remember to hunt smart, ethically and be responsible.The office has been a busy place this year and Stappie and Natalie must be commended for taking it all in their stride. Thankyou both!To the game farmers, plenty calves and lambs!!To the hunters, proud trophies and full freezers!! Neil DoddsECGMA Chairman / OKWBG VoorsitterCover Photo 4 Springbuck (Female) Photo by: Nenane Bester of Grafiac Photography & Design [email protected]

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Postal Address P.O. Box 2987 Riebeeckhoogte 6231 A word from the CEODie eerste helfte van 2018 was ‘n ontstuimige tydperk in ons bedryf. Eerstens was daar die kwessie oor leeuswat in gevangeneskap geteel word vir jag. En dan was dit die hofsaak oor vervalde vuurwapen lisensies.In albei gevalle was die uitkoms nie ten gunste van die jagbedryf of vuurwapen eienaars nie. Dit bevestig netweer die verantwoordelikheid wat op elke jagter en vuurwapen eienaar se skouers rus.To our advertisers and everyone who made a contribution to this publication, a special word of thanks. Withoutyour support this issue of the PELEA would not have been possible.I wish all our members an exiting and successful hunting season.MEMBERSHIP FEES 2018 DEDICATED HUNTERSOrdinary Members R690 PLEASE NOTE:Junior/Student Members R200 As per the Central Firearms Registrar (CFR)Family Members R990 regulations, DEDICATED HUNTER STATUS isSenior Citizens R380 retained by adhering to the following:Algoa Club Member Fee + R 40 1. The dedicated member must maintain his/herNoorsveld Jag en Skietklub + R 30 membership with his/her nationally accredited hunting association (ECGMA).Banking details: 2. Submit a dedicated hunter activity report. This mustECGMA consist of a minimum of 3 hunting related activitiesStandard Bank such as ECGMA meetings, shooting competitionsAccount no: 080774849 and hunting outings.Branch code: 050416Reference: Membership number Please do not regard this in a negative light but we are required by law to forward names of dedicated huntersLeon Harrald in default to the CFR or face the possibility to lose ourErnest Marais accreditation with the CFR. 6

ECGMA would like to extend a special word of welcome to the following members who have joined us from 18 November 2017 to 08 June 2018BOTHMA JOHANNES INGRAM EWALD N SNYMAN GEORGE FBOTHMA LINDIE MARAIS HENDRIK D SUMNER GREGBRITS RIPPLE MARAIS JOHANNES J SUMNER SINCLAIRCONRADIE QUINTUS R MARRIOTT NICHOLAS G TAYLOR JUSTIN DCDU PLESSIS LEON MEIRING GERHARD VAN OORDT JAN JDU PLESSIS WILLEM JJ MEIRING MICHAEL FDUFF GRANT MOODIE MARTIN D VAN RENSBURG CHRISTOPHERECKERT NICHOLAS JW MOSS IAN TJ VAUGHN CLARKEFRIEND ANTHONY R MYBURGH LOUIS WHITING BRIAN MGRIEVE JEANE ROADKNIGHT GRAHAME W WILLIAMS GREGORY W 7

CHAIRMANS W ELCOME to 2018! This marks my second year as the Chairman for REPORT ECGMA Algoa Hunting Club and it has been a privilege to serve you. A new year is not just about changing the calendar; it is also about commitment. As a result I would like to thank the current EXCO for their character, creativity and most importantly, their commitment. The EXCO will continue doing what is necessary to maintain and grow the club to t he benefit of our members.On behalf of the EXCO our deepest appreciation to you, as valuable members for attending club evenings,supporting our efforts, enjoying the steaks and participating in activities. To those who are involved in anyother way, i.e. maintenance, supply, collecting, ordering, etc., it does not go unnoticed and it is greatlyappreciated. Our collective efforts have certainly contributed to a great hunting club.Rakende klub aangeleenthede. Soos oudergewoonte die geval het ons 2018 goed afgeskop met sowat 120lede/besoekers wat ons Januarie byeenkoms bygewoon het. Dit word toegeskryf aan die hernuwing enuitneem van nuwe lidmaatskap. Dit was gevolg deur ‘n weereens baie suksesvolle ‘Valentyns’ aand inFebruarie met ‘n opkoms van sowat 130 lede/besoekers. Ons dames getalle vir die aand het gegroei na sowat33 vergeleke 22 tydens die 2017 geleentheid. Ons het groot waardeuring vir ons borge wat die aand moontlikgemaak het. Tydens ons Maart byeenkoms het Cornel Coetzee ons lede so bietjie meer attent gemaakrakende regs aansreeklikheid, deur sekere gevalle studies voor te hou. Op 17 Maart is ons eerste Boer & Britskiet by Ranchers gehou. Sowat 36 skuts het aan die geleentheid deelgeneem. Die Boere het die geleentheidoorheers en as wenners met die trofee weggestap. Ons vertrou dat die Engelse genoeg moed sal toon om in2019 weer teen die Boere op te trek. Tydens ons April byeenkoms het ons vir Lieb Botha en sy span vanIbhayi Casings ontvang wat hulle produkte aan ons bekend gestel het; ons is ook lekker bederf met biltong endroeë wors as verversings. 8

Die voortdurende swak ekonomiese klimaat het ook sy tol geëis op ons lede getal wat weer ‘n negatieweuitwerking op ons klub inkomste gehad het. Hierdie gebeurlikhede het daartoe bygedra dat ons ledegeldopwaarts moes aanpas. Verder het prys verhogings as ook die onlangse belasting aanpassings verdere druk opons geplaas en kon ons nie anders as om ook ‘n verhoging in ons kroeg pryse aan te kondig nie. Maar genoegnegatieweteit en meer oor dit wat ons in gemeen het.As the evenings start to get chillier there seem to be an excitement and a tingling in one’s inner being that cannotbe explained. It is called hunting season is upon us. As a result I wish everyone a rewarding and joyous huntingseason. Aim small, miss small; be safe, be ethical and ensure that all permits and licenses as required by lawhave been applied for and are in place. Ter afsluiting; namens die ALGOA Jagklub baie dankie aan Stappies and Natalie, ons het groot waardeuring vir al julle harde werk, getroue ondersteuning en hulp, deur die jaar. Sincerely yours Rudi Beets Chairman - ECGMA Algoa Hunting Club Tel: 041 581 4306 Cell: 072 262 4139 155 MAIN ROAD P.O. BOX 5998 WALMER WALMERPORT ELIZABETH PORT ELIZABETH 6056 6056 9

he inaugural ECGMA Algoa Hunting Club Boer & Brit Shoot took place at theTRangers Shooting Range on Saturday, 17 March 2018.This was a CHASA style competitionshoot and was well supported by themembers.Die Boer getalle was in die meederheiden alhoewel die Britte ‘n goeie gevegopgesit het, was dit die Boere wat die dagseëvierende was. 1 0 10

2018 Started with a big bang, from when we started the year the ranges have been full of action and very well attended by our members. I would like to thank everyone for all their help at the shoots from packing out to scoring and packing up, without all of you this would not be possible. I would like to introduce the committee for 2018 that have already been heavily involved in getting to where we are today.2018 CommitteeLlewellyn Ireland – ChairmanNeville Harvey – MentorMartin long – Safety and range officerJesse Jones – Technical and maintenanceChad Jackson – Scoring and technicalRonnie Martin – General and maintenanceAt the beginning of this year the committee members spent hours on the machines to ensurethey are at the peak of performance for our members, we got the skeet range going that hasbeen out of service for the past while. We can now offer two ranges on every shoot which keeps everyone busy and no onewaiting around to shoot. So far it has been very successful and we would like to grow the club as much as possible.We have seen many new members to the Wingshooters and a good amount of visitors which shows that we are having a goodinterest.For our annual shoots 8 members and I attended the Woodoc 100 up in Adelaide which is a great shoot and very challenging tosay the least, it consists of shooting 100 clays on four different ranges with rabbits, midis and some very far clays. We will behaving our 3rd annual night shoot this year which the title has been held by Chris Ruytenburg from our first year and he needssomeone to challenge. It is a normal DLT (down the line trap) shoot with just enough light to see the clay speed off into the dark.For all of those members that do not have shotguns and may have an interest in what we do please make contact with us, wehave our club shotgun and ammo at hand for every shoot, we have many guys that are willing to give great advice and lots ofhelp to ensure that you can be busting clays in no time.Llewellyn IrelandChairman 11

I n 1975 South Africa helped create the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) because its stated purpose was (then) to REGULATE the legal wildlife trade and to STOP the illegal trade.Like all other states, when it joined CITES, South Africa transferred to the convention its sovereign right totrade in its own wildlife and wildlife products; and to abide by the majority trade decisions made by itscollective sovereign state members. This crazy procedure is unprecedented in human history; but 183sovereign states have joined CITES under the same conditions. Only the sovereign states have a vote, oneeach for every item on each convention’s agenda. This fact emphasises the importance that the nations ofthe world once placed on the regulation of trade in the Earth’s wild living resources, and their desire to STOPthe illegal trade.I salute all the signatories to CITES for their initial passion to make the convention work. But I question theirjudgement with regard to them remaining in the organisation because it has now become the biggestimpediment to the attainment of its own original goals.The convention’s most important functional weakness is that its multi-continental delegates are expected tomake informed and honest decisions about vitally important trade matters pertaining to species of plants andanimals about which they know absolutely nothing. To overcome this deficiency the CITES Secretariatprovides delegates with ‘information sheets’ prior to the call for votes. And it is into this organisation thatSouth Africa has surrendered the fate of its priceless national heritage – its wildlife.To further improve its deficiencies, the CITES secretariat encourages NGOs of all shades of opinion toaccredit themselves to the Convention - to broaden the ‘information base’ - for the better instruction of theuninformed official delegates. Most of them are animal rightists!Accredited NGOs have no vote but they participate at the same levels of involvement that all the officialdelegates enjoy. They most greatly contribute to debates, however, by being more vociferous than the officialdelegates. And between sessions they wine and dine the official delegates explaining to them their parochialopinions on the issues under debate. Accredited NGOs, therefore, may have no voting power at CITES, butthey have considerable ‘persuasion power’- and they utilise that opportunity to the maximum. Each animalrightist NGO’s purpose in becoming accredited to CITES, therefore, is to persuade the official delegates tocast their votes in the manner recommended by the NGO. And if that is not enough, they buy whatever votesthey need to secure the consensus outcome that they desire.CITES is, today, a very different organisation to what it was in 1975. There are now infinitely more NGOdelegations than there are official ones, and most of them are animal-rightists.One must now pose the question: What could possibly cause the world’s animal-rightist NGOs to flock toCITES for accreditation? Animal rightists are people whose purpose in life is to ABOLISH all animal ‘uses’ byman, and they are virulently opposed to the wildlife trade; whereas the purpose of CITES is to REGULATEthe international wildlife trade. The animal rightist NGOs, therefore, clearly joined CITES to sabotage theconvention’s real purpose. It is the animal rightist NGO’s purpose to turn CITES into an organisation thatprohibits trade - and they are well advanced towards achieving that objective. 12

Between the Conferences of the Parties (CoPs - which take place every three years) the animal rightist NGOsply their propaganda into the world public domain – all of which is highly emotional and most of which is untrue.Consequent upon that propaganda they raise funds from the gullible public to ‘save’ so-called ‘endangeredspecies’ which they (erroneously) claim are facing extinction; and that money goes directly into the animalrightists own coffers!Raising money on a lie is common fraud. When the same common fraud is practiced more than once itbecomes a racket (according to the America RICO Act – Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt OrganisationsAct – which in supported within South African law); and racketeering is one of 35 other such crimes which areconstituted organised crime.Animal-rights activism is a confidence industry - which raises hundreds of millions of US dollars every year froman uninformed and gullible world society. The animal rightists have corrupted CITES and they have destroyedits potential for doing a lot of good. Today CITES represents the biggest impediment to “best practice” wildlifemanagement everywhere; and it is high time that responsible people in society euthanized it. If South Africadoes not retract from CITES soon, our wildlife is doomed to destruction!Ron ThomsonCEO - TRUE GREEN ALLIANCEwww.mahohboh.orgwww.ronthomsonshuntingbooks.co.zaFacebook: thetruegreenallianceCell: 072 587 1111 13

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SUCCESSFUL INFORMATION DAY WITH ASSISTANCE FROM GAME RANCH STUDENTSThe Game Ranch Management students of Addo Campus (North Campus) was part of the organisation of a very successful Glenconnor Agricultural Association Information Day which was held on the 14th of March 2018. The students aided with the days’ preparations involving registration, catering, parking, braai and other tasks. The program for the day was focused towards the latest developments in the agricultural sector with very insightful topics.Some of the guest speakers included Theo de Jager,president of the World Farmers’ Organisation, discussedreshaping agriculture in Africa explaining that Africa is thefood basket of the future. Hydrologist Prof Roland Schulzehighlighted the effect of climate change in future farming;Dr Leon de Bruyn, a veterinary surgeon discussed newtactics in parasite control; Adv. Gerrie Nel representedAfriforum highlighted legal principles in the industry; andNeil Dodds, chairman of Eastern Cape GameManagement Association (ECGMA) and Wildlife RanchingSouth Africa (WRSA), explained the importance of bothECGMA and WRSA. The information day was a successwith approximately 300 people attending, and theAssociation hopes to have this event again in the future.The Nelson Mandela University students were wellpresented on this day and the commitment of thecampus was highly appreciated by the representatives.“We involve our students in industry events such as theGlenconnor Agri-info Day to provide them with insightfulinformation and expose the students to major role-playersin the industry which also provides for good networkingopportunity.” Says Retief Celliers, Head of Department forAgriculture and Game Management at MandelaUniversity. 16

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Veterinary Portfolio Report inter 2018Winter greetings to all our members as the game capture and hunting seasons are in full swing. With the downturn in the prices of previously more valuable game animals, the margins in the wildlife breeding industry have shrunk considerably. It is therefore imperative that losses are minimised and growth rates as well as reproduction are optimised. External & internal parasites are a major cause of losses and decreased production in any livestock operation. As discussed in previous Peleas, the breeding of wildlife in small camps may have had short term management benefits and assisted with predator control; however, it led to an increase in diseases of intensification. Smaller camps lead to a build-up of parasite eggs and larvae, with the animals unable to move away from heavily infested areas as they would in a larger, more natural environment. Enclosures should be as large and natural as practically feasible while still allowing for management and movement of game between camps. It is vital to have a multi-camp system to allow for rotational grazing and resting of camps. This optimises the quality of the grazing as well as reducing the infestation of parasites. Internal and external parasite populations decrease dramatically if camps are rested for more than six months. While parasites prefer higher temperatures, it is interesting to note that animals often suffer more from internal and external parasites in winter. This is often as a result of cold as well as nutritional stress. While former president Mbeki and the late Dr Msimang were rather misguided in questioning the causative role of HIV in AIDS, they were certainly correct in highlighting the importance of optimal nutrition in strengthening the immune system to fight disease. We must therefore make the best possible quality grazing available to our livestock and supplement protein, energy, macro- and micro-nutrients where necessary. This is particularly relevant in winter when the quality of grazing is reduced. That all said, we still need to treat our animals for internal & external parasites. This is often challenging in the case of wildlife as one cannot simply run them through the crush and dip & dose them. Several ingenious application methods have been devised to treat game for parasites including the Duncan Applicator, Tick-off, medicated game pellets and dip(paint)balls. These are all however rather limited in their ability to apply the correct dose of medication to enough animals. Another major problem is the increasing development of drug resistance by particularly ticks and worms to many medications. There is an exciting recent development on the market which is assisting domestic livestock and wildlife ranchers with parasite control. EKO Water Trough Tablets is the latest dosing product and method on the market for dosing sheep, cattle, horses, poultry, game and even domestic animals against internal and external parasites. The active ingredients (Acemanann and Sutherlandia frutescens plant extracts) taint the blood of the animals, and the blood is no longer suitable to, nor recognized by the parasites which then starve and fall off, thus breaking the lifecycle of these pests. Owing to the added vitamins and minerals combined with amino acids (the building blocks of protein in the body) the EKO tablets will also aid in the natural healing process of the animals, replenishing what the parasites have taken away leaving them looking noticeably healthier. With decreased parasite burden, along with the above mentioned nutritional supplements, EKO Water Trough Tablets have been proven to reduce losses as well as increase growth and production. The active 18

The application of this product is very simple and cost effective.Cattle, Game, Sheep and Goats: No capturing or herding necessary .Only 2 tablets needed for every 25 liters of water in the water trough weekly .i.e. In a 250 Liter watertrough you would add 20 EKO tablets weekly. The tablets are placed in a perforated container and thenplaced in the water underneath the ball valve. The tablets slowly dissolve in the water trough over a periodof seven days. Where animals don`t drink from water troughs, the EKO Tablets can be placed in lick blocksor included in the formulation of pellets.The ingredients in these tablets are natural, non-toxic and impossible to overdose, thus making theproduct suitable for safe and organic farming. The parasites do not build up a resistance against thenatural active ingredients as they do not work like traditional pesticides or dosing medication.For more details about this exciting new product please contact Mr Karlo de Villiers of LinkAgri (Contactdetails in advert) Port Alfred Veterinary ClinicYours in wildlife Dr Leon de Bruyn BVSc DrTafara Mapuvire BVScDr Leon de Bruyn Dr Roy Bengis BVSc MSc PhDVeterinary Representative: ECGMA Lagoonside Centre, 9 Gluckman Road P.O.Box 2447, Port Alfred 6170 Tel: 046-624-4612 Fax:046-624-4609 Cell: 082-569-7958 E-mail: [email protected] Vat No: 4100235854 Karlo de Villiers 079 886 6537 [email protected] 19

The CO-OP Firearm and Ammunition Department Directly importing Schmidt & Bender and Docter telescopes Schmidt & Bender. Since each hunter, each hunt and each climate has its own specific requirements, Schmidt & Bender offers a wide variety of different scopes in two product lines: the Klassik series, perfected through model updates and continuing development over many years, epitomizing the traditional style in form and function. And the future ori- ented Zenith series, expressing with- out doubt progress and aesthetic awareness. In the development and manufacture of optoelectronic consumer products, NOBLEX GmbH is continuing the proud tradition of the production facilities of Carl Zeiss in Jena and, later, in Eisfeld in Thuringia. A 150-year success story in optical devices points to a vast fund of experience in optics, mechanics and electronics. Noblex sees it both as an incentive and an ob- ligation to continue this tradition deriving from Zeiss, Docter and Analytik Jena with passion and a spirit of innovation. Directly imported Lothar Walther rifle barrels – available soon!Contact: Riaan, Cheryl or Cilliers on 042 291 0431 or [email protected] or [email protected] 20

Hoekom jag ons? Is dit om biltong en droë wors op die tafel te kry of is ditom die trofees bymekaar te maak? Gaan dit net oor die jag en skiet van ‘ndier net om dan om die kampvuur te kuier?Jaag ons uit plaas toe, jaag ons deur die veld op ‘n bakkie, loop ons tevining en jaag ons weer Sondag terug huistoe?Gaan dit net oor die rand en sent wat die jagons kos en wat die slagter ons gaan vra vir dieverwerking van die karkas?Ek is die eerste een om te erken dat jag duurgeraak het en dit ‘n groot voorreg is vir onsom te kan jag. Ek dink ons moet almal net vir‘n oomblik gaan stil sit en die vraag vra –“hoekom jag ek?”Vir my gaan dit oor die ervaring van buite indie natuur wees en soveel as moontlik “detail”in te neem. Probeer uit ‘n ander hoek nadinge kyk. Gaan staan net stil en kyk watrondom jou aangaan. Luister bietjie na dievoël geluide en probeer jou plante en bomeuitken. Kyk op die grond by jou voete enword deel van die mikro-natuur van al dieinsekte.Wanneer jy fotos neem, moenie net dooiebokke afneem nie. Wees kreatief, kyk naander hoeke, neem fotos van die voëls, insekteen sonsondergange. Drink elke oomblik in envertroetel elke oomblik van jou natuurervaringterwyl jy jag.Niks “re-charge” jou battery soos ‘n jagnaweeknie, maar kyk volgende keer met ander oë nawat om jou aangaan en vat vir ‘n slag ander“memories” huistoe.Wees altyd versigtig en jag eties.Bronze Croc 21

Introduction to SATTA (SOUTH AFRICAN TAXIDERMY & TANNERY ASSOCIATION)The South African Taxidermy & Tannery Association (SATTA) was established in October 2016 with theaim to become the officially recognized body to serve the Taxidermy, Tannery and Dip & Pack industry inSouth Africa. SATTA is actively working with government, related organizations and associations to securethe future for a legitimate industry, and in addition to raise the profile and standard within the South Africanindustry.SATTA aims to actively work with government, related organizations, and associations to secure thefuture for a legitimate industry, and raise the profile and standard within the South African industry.SATTA's mission can be summarized as follows: Abiding to relevant Legislation Abiding to Labour Practices Upliftment of the National Taxidermy Standard Unification of all registered South African trophy treatment facilities and supporting sectors. Upliftment of the National Taxidermy Standard Unification of all registered South African trophy treatment facilities and supporting sectors. Ethics, Advancement and Training within the South African trophy treatment facilities and supporting sectors. Maintain the highest possible level of knowledge and growth within the South African trophy treatment facilities and supporting sectors.CONTACT DETAILSE-mail: [email protected]: +27 (83) 417 8474Website: www.satta.org.za 22

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Rudi Beets with his Impalahunted in Elands River with a7 x57 Mauser Johan van Niekerk with an Eland hunted with a Sako, .308, 150 gr pmp Bruce Biggs with a bushpig sow hunted at Longhill with a 7mm. 24

Riaan Swanepoel with an Eland hunted at Hoeksfontein in PearstonSteven Nefdt with a Bushpig inthe Van Stadens area, huntedwith a 30-06 25

James Beale with an old BlesbuckEwe, hunted with a tikka .308 Llew Ireland with a Giraffe. Cull shoot in the Kirkwood district with a .375 Llew Ireland with a zebra hunted in the Somerset East area wit a Sako 30.06Robbie Millar with a Kudu 26

Arno Venter met ‘n Wit Takbok,gejag met ‘ n 22-250 Zoe Coetzee with a Warthog hunted with a Tikka 6.5 x 284 CHASA’s secretary, Desire Thysse with a Springbuck ram hunted in the Beaufort West area with a Mossberg, .308 27

SAMPLE Collection for PhD Game Mineral Status StudyBrief Background:The mineral status of game animals is a relatively “unknown” entity. Most mineral feedingrecommendations are based on the requirements of domestic small stock and large stock.In an attempt to begin addressing this shortfall in information a study has been initiated wheresamples will be collected from Buffalo, Kudu and Blesbok in three biomes of the Eastern Cape.The three biomes are the Albany Thicket, Savannah and Grasslands biomes. Samples will alsobe collected from the Nama-Karoo biome as this has become an important game farming area.Sample Collection:A total of 36 samples of each species from each biome are required. This would give a total of108 sampled animals of the selected species (excluding samples collected from theNama-Karoo biome). A maximum of 9 animals of each species can be sampled from onelocation.The ideal requirement is that there be an equal number of male and female animals sampled. Itis acknowledged that this may not be possible with Buffalo, but should be possible with Kuduand Blesbok. If a female buffalo is being shot or culled for any reason samples from such ananimal will be greatly appreciated.The samples must be collected from animals that are free ranging and have not been fed anyform of a concentrate supplement for the past six (6) months.A data form requesting some basic information on the sampled animal and area where it wassampled must please be completed. This form has been kept as simple as possible so as to bequick and easy to complete.If you are willing to provide animals for sampling, but cannot oversee the samplingprocedure, please contact me so that I can make arrangements to be present to collectthe samples.Type of Sample:Three (3) body tissue samples must be taken from each animal. These are: Liver Sample: Taken from the centre of the liver (minimum of 100 grams)Rib Bone: The last rib on any side of the animal (minimum of 100 grams)Muscle Sample: Taken from the “rigstring” (minimum of 100 grams)Sample Treatment: Each sample must be placed in a separate sealed plastic packet Each sample must be labeled with the sample number or code used on the data sheet The samples must be collected as soon as possible after the animal has been shot The samples must be kept cold until they can be placed in a deep freeze and frozen Arrangements will be made to collect the frozen samples from each farm/sitePlease contact me if you are willing to assist me with this data collection.Rob Phillips (Cell: 082-7789851) 28e-mail: [email protected]

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EK het onlangs ‘n opmerking gehoor wat iemand in ’n gesprek gemaak het en toe hou dié ding my gedagtes vir dae lank besig. Die opmerking was: ‘Some folks are wise and some are otherwise.’Nou het ek so gedink, wie is die Wise en wie is dan nou die Otherwise as dit by jag kom?Ek het al die voorreg gehad om met sulke manne saam te jag. Die Otherwise manne is maar soms ‘npyn in die gat, maar die Wise ouens is gewoonlik interessante manne vol wyshede en kundigheid.Die Wise reken ek nou so: Manne wat bewaar, beskerm en eties optree. Manne wat respek het vir die gawes van die natuur en dankbaar is daarvoor. Manne van jare wat hulle spore gelaat het in vele jagvelde, wat al lang paaie agter die grotes aangeloop het, en menige herinneringe gebak het by talle kampvure. Jagters in gees en daad, wie se wyshede en kundigheid getuig van ervaring en insig. Manne wat pyp rook en vellies sonder sokkies dra. Manne met kaal maermerries waarop die letsels van ruwe paaie lê. Manne op wie se gesigte baie seisoene en jare ingeets lê. Manne wat nie brag oor daai GROOOOT bokke of LAAAANG skoot nie. Manne wat hulle ervarings en ondervindings eerder in die hart saamdra. Manne wat die Skepper se aanraking en teenwoordigheid voel in die veld. Manne wat met die skiet van ‘n meerkat of springhaas nog kan bokkoors kry. Manne vir wie dit om die lekkerte gaan, of hy nou iets skiet of nie.Die Otherwise manne: Windgat, Breëbors ouens, wie se pens ingetrek moet word vir ‘n foto. Manne vol van hulself wat sit en pronk by dooie diere. Manne wat vir niks bang is nie, behalwe die donker. Manne wat oor-sensitief en fyngevoelig is. Manne se toerusting wat aan hulle ego gekoppel is. Spogstories vertel oor daai grooooot bok en laaaang skoot. Manne met kort treetjies wat afstand laat rek met leë glase. Manne wat die veld deur die bodem van ‘n glas beskou. Lieg die gevaarlikes nader en die nie-gevaarlikes verder. Pap, bleek ouens wat skielik bakarm stap as hulle jagcamo’s aantrek. Manne wat verander in cowboys in die jagveld na die vorige aand se gekuier. Manne wat dink dat jag ‘n macho ding is om te doen.Dankbaar vir die ding evolusie want die manne wat nou Wise is, was ook maar eenmaal lank geledeOtherwise.☺ 30

AAN: LIDVERENIGINGS2018 JUNIOR JAGTER / MENTOR JAGFOTO-GELUKKIGE TREKKINGDit is een van CHASA se strategiese prioriteite om meer aandag te skenk aan die werwing van junior jagtersasook om hulle betrokkenheid in verenigingsaktiwiteite te bevorder.Gevolglik het die Raad van CHASA besluit om die Junior Jagter/ Mentor Jagfoto-gelukkige Trekking weer in 2018aan te bied. Dit behels die volgende: Jagfotos van ‘n junior jagter en sy mentor moet aan CHASA se kantoor gestuur word. Fotos wat in die 2018 jagseisoen geneem is, sal kwalifiseer indien moontlik. ‘n Foto sonder die Mentor is ook aanvaarbaar. Die foto moet egter vergesel word van ‘n brief van die grondeienaar wat die plek en die datum van die jag bevestig. Die kwaliteit van die foto sal nie as kriteria geld nie en die wenner sal deur ‘n gelukkige trekking aangewys word. Die prys behels ‘n jaguitstappie wat deur CHASA in oorleg met die betrokke lidvereniging geborg word. Die sluitingsdatum vir die instuur van fotos is 20 Augustus 2018. Die trekking sal plaasvind tydens die September 2018 Raadsvergadering. Die mentor mag nie die bok vir die Junior skiet nie.TO: MEMBER ASSOCIATIONSRE: 2018 JUNIOR HUNTER / MENTOR HUNTING COMPETITIONIt is one of CHASA’s strategic aims to give more attention to the canvassing of junior hunters as well as to promotetheir involvement in association activities.Subsequently the Board of CHASA resolved that the Junior Hunter /Mentor Hunting Photo Lucky Draw will berepeated in 2018. This will comprise of the following: Hunting photos of the junior hunter and his mentor is possible must be forwarded to the CHASA Office. Photos taken in the 2018 hunting season will qualify. A photo without the mentor will also be acceptable. The photo must however be accompanied by a letter from the land owner confirming the place and date of the hunt. The quality of the photo shall not form the criteria to qualify and the winner will be determined by means of a lucky draw. The prize is an organised hunt which will be sponsored by CHASA in conjunction with the relevant member association. To closing date for the photo entries is 20 August 2018. The draw will take place during the September 2018 Board Meeting. The mentor must not shoot the buck for the Junior. CHASA TEL: 041 922 5600 / [email protected] 31

PHASA committed to enable growth in hunting sector The Professional Hunters’ Association of South Africa (PHASA) is committed to create a macro environment that enables the professional hunting industry in South Africa to prosper and grow.The Association aims to promote and safeguard the hunting profession in South Africa and to create a sustainable environment towardsmaintaining and supporting our natural resources.For PHASA to succeed in its mission, it liaises with industry stakeholders to discuss matters of common interest. These includeinternational hunting and conservation associations, local and international government agencies and NGOs, other professional huntingassociations from around the globe, PH training providers and local recreational hunting associations.PHASA is affiliated, either through membership or otherwise, to the following hunting and conservation organisations: Conservation Force DSC (Dallas Safar i Club) ECGMA (Easter n Cape Game Management Association) Houston Safari Club Krieghoff SAGA (South Afr ican Gunowner s’ Association) SATTA (South Afr ican Taxider my and Tanner y Association) SCI (Safar i Club Inter national) SSHA (Sub-Saharan Houndsmen Association) WWF (Wor ld Wide Fund for Natur e)National and International ForumsPHASA participates in national and international forums with other stakeholders in the hunting and wildlife sector with a commonmandate to look after wildlife conservation interests of South Africa. These forums include: AWCF (the Afr ican Wildlife Consultative For um) is a for um wher e gover nment officials and r epr esentatives fr om professional hunting associations from various African countries discuss common wildlife conservation, management and policy issues The Hunters Forum comprises hunting associations that have been accredited by the South African Police Services in terms of the Firearms Control Act. The Forum meets three times a year to identify and discuss firearm related issues that are taken up with senior officials of SAPS at the SAPS/SA Hunters Consultative Forum. HAWASA (Hunting and Wildlife Associations of SA) is a for um for r epr esentatives of var ious sector s in the wildlife industry, including wildlife ranching, local hunting and professional hunting sectors. It serves as an alliance to prepare its participation in the Wildlife Forum. The Wildlife Forum is hosted by the Department of Environmental Affairs. Participants include representatives from organisations and entities in the wildlife industry, provincial nature conservation authorities and the national Department of Environmental Affairs. It has no decision-making powers, but proposals made at the forum are referred to government authorities for implementation. Various draft sets of provincial and national legislation have passed through this forum in recent years. 32

The IPPHC (Interprovincial Professional Hunters Committee) meets four times a year. PHASA, the directors of the professional huntingschools, and representatives from provincial nature conservation authorities and the national department meet to discuss professional huntertraining and the hunting industry.PHASA serves on provincial nature conservation and wildlife forums in KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Western Cape and Northern Cape.PHASA’s Role in the Tourism IndustryThe professional hunting industry is an interrelated, interdependent and interconnected part of the national tourism system that involves avariety of services and products in the broader tourism sector in South Africa. It is an important contributor to South Africa’s GDP.Research undertaken in 2015, indicated that a trophy hunter spends on average R261 762 per visit, which is equivalent to the expenditure ofapproximately 1750 eco-tourists.Tourism activities include wildlife management and maintenance; photographic safaris; permit fees; pre- and post-conference tours;taxidermy; retail sector; commercial travel and transport operators; shuttle services; marine tourism (e.g. shark cage diving); and thehospitality sector that offers a wide range of accommodation options throughout South Africa.PHASA engages with the organised tourism sector through its membership of TBCSA (the Tourism Business Council of SA).PHASA and the Green EconomyThe hunting sector’s contribution to agriculture, food security, and the green economy should not be underestimated. During February andMarch 2018, the Professional Hunters Association of South Africa (PHASA) participated in two important events hosted by the Departmentof Environmental Affairs, aimed at implementing the National Biodiversity Economy Strategy, which forms part of government’s NationalDevelopment Plan.On 27 February 2018, PHASA attended the Colloquium of the Portfolio Committee on Environmental Affairs in Cape Town. The themewas Unlocking the Socio-Economic Potential of South Africa's Biodiversity Assets Through Sustainable Use of Wildlife Resources. AlthoughPHASA did not have the opportunity to make a presentation at the Colloquium, its input on sustainable economic development was includedin the formal presentation by Wildlife Ranching South Africa. The presentation highlighted the economic contribution by the hunting andwildlife ranching sector towards the conservation success story of South Africa.On 7 to 10 March 2018, PHASA attended the Third Biodiversity Economy Indaba in East London. The theme was Entrepreneurs meetinvestors for a thriving and inclusive biodiversity economy, which confirmed the importance of the hunting and wildlife sector in thebiodiversity economy and ultimately in the government’s National Development Plan. PHASA hoped to find or to create win/winopportunities for its members to contribute to the biodiversity economy in the country.** 33

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By Chris BekkerWhat does a hunter stand to gain by additional barrel length?The table below lists the velocity change for different barrel lengths for several popular calibres. Cartridge Bullet Charge IMR M.V. in a Difference in velocity for a 2” change in Wt., Wt., grs. Powder 24” Barrel barrel length, f.p.s..223 Rem. grs..243 Win. 25.1 Type 3,080 20”-22” 22“-24” 24”-26” 26”-28”7mm Rem. Mag. 50 40.6 2,920 46 48 42 3830-30 Win. 100 66.8 3031 2,885 56 50 45 32.308 Win. 154 32.4 4350 2,228 89 54 48 4430-06 Rem. 150 40.5 7828 2,531 32 29 25 23.338 Win. Mag. 150 52.7 3031 2,770 40 36 32 28.375 H&H Mag. 150 66.9 4895 2,684 50 44 39 35.460 Weath. Mag. 200 70.8 4320 2,460 52 38 41 37 270 96.0 4831 2,164 39 41 35 28 500 4320 34 36 27 24 4831Note that the greater velocity increase per inch of barrel length generally occurs in the shortest barrel length.As the barrel is lengthened the velocity increase per inch of barrel length decreases. For instance, the .223Remington shows a 46 fps velocity increase by lengthening the barrel from 20\" to 22\" This drops to 38 fps whenthe barrel is increased from 26\" to 28\". Some of the magnum calibres show more variation in velocity frombarrel segment to barrel segment, but the velocity change per segment is generally less as the barrel islengthened.Be that as it may, the increased velocity is marginal, and as such, a non-event for the hunter in terms ofterminal performance at practical hunting ranges. The only real issue in my opinion is where it affects internalballistics in terms of a complete burn of the propellant. Thus, cartridge cases holding large volumes ofpropellant, such as the faster magnum cartridges, generally require a longer barrel not only to achieve a fullburn with slow burning propellant, but also to milk the cartridge for more velocity. Thus it stands to reason thata .308 Win with its relative short case, holding less propellant, can operate efficiently with a much shorter barrelas opposed to a 300 Win Mag.The importance of the correct zero rangeFor hunting at practical ranges out to 300 yards, it is the best to zero your rifle at 250 yards when you do nothave a scope that affords you a ballistic turret that you can dial quickly in at various distances. Or you couldemploy the Maximum Point Blank Range method to zero your rifle. This is far more important than to worryabout differential ballistic coefficients between various types of bullets. The bullet’s BC becomes more of anissue at longer ranges. Rather focus on eliminating mistakes on range estimation by investing in a rangefinder,and to zero your rifle in accordance what the hunting terrain dictates. 37

This table 1 depicts the effect of differing BC's at the same velocity.(180 gr .308” Speer Bullets in a .308 Win) Type of BC Muzzle 100 yds 200 yds 300 yds BulletSpitzer BT Factor Velocity Bullet Drop Bullet Drop Bullet DropSemi-SpitzerRound Nose 0.531 2,540 0 -4.6” -16.3” 0.346 2,540 0 -5.1” -18.2” 0.299 2,540 0 -5.3” -19.3”This table compares 2 popular medium game cartridges(up to kudu size animals)For medium game hunting purposes at practical hunting ranges, BC’s are not such a big issue as for long rangecompetition shooting. Anyway not inside the first 250 yards with 2 cartridges that are considered to be very lowand moderate slow when compared with the faster magnums such as the 7 mm Rem mag and the 300 Win Mag.Sectional density (SD) is far more important for the hunter so as to get more weight behind a given frontal area toaid penetration. In addition, the emphasis ought to be on stronger constructed bullets that give higher weightretention ratios and also controlled expansion. Thus hunting bullets need to be much stronger than match bulletsfor obvious reasons. Conventional lead-core bullets still work well at extended ranges after the bullet has sloweddown on the bullet impacts within its threshold strength.So, for this reason I have chosen to model the strongly constructed Swift A-Frame bullet.7 x 57 mm SD BC Muzzle Activity 150 200 250Bullet Type .310 0.493 Velocity Velocity Yds Yds Yds175 gr Swift 2,450 fps Bullet Drop 2,201 2,121 2,043 Wind Drift 0.0 -2.9 -7.8 30-06 Spr 1.8 3.3 5.2180 gr Swift Velocity .271 0.400 2,650 fps Bullet Drop 2,331 2,230 2,131 Wind Drift 0.0 -2.6 -6.9 1.9 3.6 5.7Despite the fact that the 30-06’s bullet started out with 200 fps more, it only maintained a 88 fps lead by the 250yards mark, due to its lower BC. The 30-06 bullet only gained 0.9 inches in bullet drop, but lost out on wind drift by0.5 inches. Practically, these differences are immaterial. People are very often surprised that the 7 mm Mauser issuch a good performer on game, and the reason is to be found in the bullet’s good SD, and in its mild velocity thatmakes for a bullet that is not over stressed. Generally high velocity causes a quick set-up on bullet impact,coupled with over expansion and weight loss, with resultant shallow penetration. Bullet performance is in myopinion more important than calibre, when it comes to hunting. 38

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Also the focus on energy values are misleading as we are essentially dealing with a collision event, in whichcase momentum is the better yardstick. Whilst energy value and the momentum value is riding on the samebullet as it were, just like a coin has two sides having a “head” and a “tail”, the momentum is the better ruler touse to guide us. The problem with the energy formula is that it uses only half of the mass and it squares thevelocity, whereas with momentum the full mass of the bullet is used and the velocity is not squared. Thus whenthe momentum yardstick is used, we can now compare it with a freight train that collides with car standing ona railroad with a spectacular collision that is to follow.The real issue is what bullet mass is being moved at what velocity, which we could turn into a performance ratioof “velocity over bullet weight”. Please note how this ratio shows an inverse relationship with momentum levels(describing the extent of the “punch”) going up as cartridges becomes more powerful. The accompanyingtable summarises some cartridges purely for illustrative purposes - Cartridge Caliber Case Case Bullet Velocity Velocity Momentum220 Swift 0.220 Length in Capacity weight in 4,000 over Bullet in Lbs/Ft-243 Win 0.243 in water 2,960270 Win 0.277 mm grains 3,060 weight Sec7mm Rem Mag 0.284 56.0 47.0 50 3,000 80.0 28.6300 H&H Mag 0.308 51.9 54.0 100 2,880 29.6 42.3300 WSM 0.308 64.5 67.0 130 2,950 23.5 56.8300 Rum 0.308 63.5 82.0 160 3,250 18.8 68.6375 H&H Mag 0.375 72.4 85.9 180 2,530 16.0 74.1375 Ruger 0.375 53.3 81.3 180 2,660 16.4 75.9378 Wby Mag 0.375 72.4 112.5 180 2,925 18.1 83.6416 Rem Mag 0.416 72.4 95.3 300 2,250 8.4416 Rigby 0.416 65.5 99.0 300 2,400 8.9 108.4404 Jeffery 0.412 74.0 137.0 300 2,275 9.8 114.0458 Win Mag 0.458 72.4 107.0 400 2,090 5.6 125.4458 Lott 0.458 73.6 127.5 400 2,250 6.0 128.6505 Gibbs 0.505 73.0 113.3 400 2,300 5.7 137.1500 NE 3.25\" 0.510 63.5 95.0 500 2,150 4.2 130.0 71.1 103.0 500 4.5 149.3 80.0 181.0 525 4.4 160.7 76.0 158.0 570 3.8 172.5 175.1How does SD further aid the momentum of the bullet?What increased sectional density does is to put more weight behind the bullet for a given frontal area (akacross sectional area). This in turn makes the force applied (momentum) to concentrate over a smaller area tolower the drag in tissue. The only other thing that comes into play is the size of the expansion of the bullet andthat relates to the construction of the bullet as to how expansion is arrested and its weight loss tendencies onimpact. In our current ballistic model of total energy and momentum conservation, projectile mass is favouredin lieu of velocity in penetration.Possibly the easiest way to show that the sectional density (SD) of a bullet has some value and revolutionizedsmall arms is by going back to when smooth-bores were the only rifles we have had, and then contrast it withthe advent of the jacketed bullet, and so making the round lead ball redundant. With the bullet we could nowachieve higher velocities and flatter trajectories were possible, and this was further aided with the advent ofsmokeless powder. In addition, the terminal effect on the target was also a giant step forward in that we havenow engineered more mass behind the frontal area of the bullet – for example: 40

- A .510 lead ball weighs 200 grains(and if made from copper, it will only weigh 157 grains)Today we use a 570 grain jacketed bullet in the .510 calibre, which is a multiple of 2.85 times the original weight ofthe lead ball. This is a huge improvement in power energy and momentum, and thus its lethal effect. Not only hasthe aerodynamics (BC) been improved in term of external ballistics, but also terminal ballistics in a given bore size.Reshaping the ball into a bullet was the magic, and it actually caused a revolution that we could now reduce thebore size and still up the bullet weight – for example we could now fire a 300 grain bullet in a .375 bore sizeoutstripping the 200 grain lead ball in a .510 bore size rifle, and penetration has been dramatically improved.Here are the results of a wetpack test I did with Barnes-X bullets,all expanding exactly to twice diameter:Bullet SD AOL Powder Velocity Momentum Penetration175 gr ----.310 --- 77.0 mm --- 38.0 gr S365 --- 2,390 fps --- 68.750 Lb/Ft-sec --- 63.0 cm142 gr ----.251 --- 75.0 mm --- 40.5 gr S365 --- 2,490 fps --- 50.511 Lb/Ft-sec --- 53.0 cm108 gr ----.191 --- 73.0 mm --- 43.0 gr S365 --- 2,610 fps --- 40.269 Lb/Ft-sec --- 42.5 cmBekker’s KOV = Momentum x SDBoth momentum and SD on its own does not tell the full story, as we can never make one variable an absoluteindicator, but when combined in my formula of Bekker’s KOV, it becomes more useful. Thus the sum of the partsadds up to a greater picture to yield a synergistic effect. However we still need to consider some other aspects asall bullets are nor the same; not made of the same material and threshold strength. So bullet construction comesinto play as well in terms of bullet weight retention or fragmentation tendencies, and the expansion rate and sizeof the mushroom. We also know that in-target drag also goes up by the square of velocity, and so it will influencepenetration depth. Thus \"velocity windows\" are also coming into play as we just cannot make up momentum bysacrificing mass by increasing the velocity.** 41

Featured AnimalMAIN CHARACTERISTICS The springbok is a medium-sized antelope found mainly in southern and southwestern Africa. A slender, long-legged antelope, the springbok reaches 71 to 86 cm at the shoulder and weighs between 27 and 42 kg. Both sexes have a pair of black, 35-to-50 cm (14-to-20 in) long horns that curve backwards. The springbok is characterised by a white face, a dark stripe running from the eyes to the mouth, a light- brown coat marked by a reddish-brown stripe that runs from the upper fore leg to the buttocks across the flanks, and a white rump flap. Active mainly at dawn and dusk, springbok form harems (mixed-sex herds). A feature unique to the springbok is pronking, in which the springbok performs multiple leaps into the air, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) above the ground, in a stiff-legged posture, with the back bowed and the white flap lifted.HABITAT & DIET Springbok inhabit the dry areas of south and southwestern Africa. Primarily a browser, the springbok feeds on shrubs and succulents; this antelope can live without drinking water for years, meeting its requirements through eating succulent vegetation. In extreme cases, they do not drink any water over the course of their lives and they accomplish this by selecting flowers, seeds, and leaves of shrubs before dawn, when the food items are most succulent. BREEDING Springbok mate year-round. Females are able to conceive at as early as six to seven months, whereas males do not attain sexual maturity until two years. When a female approaches a rutting male, the male holds his head and tail at level with the ground, lowers his horns, and makes a loud grunting noise to attract her. The male then urinates and sniffs the female's perineum. If the female is receptive, she urinates, as well, and the male makes a flehmen gesture, and taps his leg till the female leaves or permits him to mate. Gestation lasts five to six months, after which a single calf (or rarely twins) is born. Most births take place in the spring (October to November), prior to the onset of the rainy season. ** 42

“My Wors is die Beste” en Skiet 10 Skote KOMPETESIEBy Noorsveld Jag en Skietklub (Skietbaan) te Jansenville 43

210mm X 297mm 210mm X 75mm 210mm x 149mm Full Page 1/4 Page 1/2 Page R2 100 R650 R1 150Business Card R250/Contact: 041 933 1394 E-mail: [email protected] 44

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