English Journey 9 Student's Book Sample

English STUDENT'S BOOK Zandra Daniels Elizabeth Gordon Philip James Liz Stolls Aligned with the CEFR & Cambridge Secondary English CurriculumB2

Contents UNIT Reading Vocabulary Grammar multiple choice • words related to • present simple, present continuous 1 • finding the answer in communication and feelings • present perfect simple, present the text before you read • collocations & expressions, perfect continuous Communication the options commonly confused words, word formation • past simple, past continuous; past pages 5-16 missing sentences • words related to appearance simple vs present perfect simple • using any questions and feelings • used to, would, be/get used to 2 before gaps in the text to • collocations & expressions, help you phrasal verbs, word formation The Way We Are pages 17-28 Progress Review 1 pages 29-30 3 multiple choice • words related to the • past perfect simple, past perfect • using key words to help environment and natural events continuous The World Around Us you find the answer • word formation, collocations & • past perfect tenses and past simple expressions, prepositions • future simple, shall, be going to, pages 31-42 • words related to education and future continuous, future perfect studying simple, future perfect continuous, 4 multiple choice • collocations & expressions, • temporals, question tags • understanding the phrasal verbs, commonly Lessons for Life purpose or the main idea confused words of each paragraph in the pages 43-54 text Progress Review 2 pages 55-56 5 multiple matching • words related to money and • modals: ability, permission, • identifying key lifestyle requests, offers & suggestions Money, Money, words and underlining • collocations & expressions, • modals: obligation, necessity, justification so you can word formation, prepositions prohibition, possibility, deduction, Money! check your answers • words related to jobs and work advice & criticism • word formation, phrasal verbs, • the passive: tenses, gerunds, pages 57-68 commonly confused words infinitives & modals • the passive: impersonal and 6 missing sentences personal structures, let, allow & make • using linking words The World of Work to help you place the sentences correctly pages 69-80 Progress Review 3 pages 81-82 7 multiple choice • words related to crime • conditionals: zero, first, second & • dealing with four related • collocations & expressions, third Law & Order texts prepositions, commonly confused • mixed conditionals, conditionals words without if pages 83-94 • words related to looking after • gerunds & infinitives yourself • causative forms 8 multiple choice • prepositions, word formation, • being careful with words collocations & expressions Looking After Yourself in the options that appear in the text pages 95-106 Progress Review 4 pages 107-108 9 multiple choice • words related to problems • relative clauses • identifying which answer • collocations & expressions, • participle clauses That’s Life! option paraphrases the prepositions, commonly confused • reported speech: statements, text words questions, commands & requests pages 109-120 • words related to travel and • reported speech: reporting verbs transport 10 multiple matching • phrasal verbs, prepositions, • looking for examples of word formation Travel & Transport general ideas pages 121-132 Progress Review 5 pages 133-134 11 missing sentences • words related to food and • comparison of adjectives & adverbs • using linking words to restaurants • too/enough, so/such A Bite to Eat help you identify where • word formation, phrasal verbs, • determiners & quantifiers the missing sentences go commonly confused words • special structures: I wish/if only, pages 135-146 • words related to entertainment not only ..., but also, it’s (about/high) and the arts time 12 multiple matching • commonly confused words, • summarising each prepositions, collocations & Entertainment paragraph so you can expressions locate information more & The Arts quickly pages 147-158 Progress Review 6 pages 159-160 Grammar Reference pages 161-177 Irregular Verbs pages 178-179 Writing Bank pages 180-186 Speaking Bank page 187 Speaking Information pages 188-191 2

Listening Speaking Writing note taking discussion and decision making essay • identifying and understanding • talking about communication • using the task as a guide paraphrasing • asking someone to repeat or confirm what • using topic sentences and supporting they said, or to explain what they mean them with examples multiple choice choosing the best solution email • identifying and eliminating • talking about how you treat others and how • making notes and planning 1 options you know are wrong they treat you • thinking of positive and negative aspects • speaking in favour or against something and adding justification multiple choice comparing photos story • making sure you understand • talking about the effect we have on the • describing action what the options actually say world around us • using past tenses and time words multiple matching • talking about similarities and differences correctly • identifying differences in what discussion and decision making essay the speakers are saying • talking about school, education and • writing your opening paragraph technology • using examples to explain your point in • expressing reservations more detail multiple choice choosing the best solution article (pictures) • talking about money • using your notes • listening with an open mind • comparing options • using questions to attract your reader’s and waiting for the question comparing photos interest and including yourself in a before answering • talking about work description to make it more interesting multiple choice • using expressions to mark the different letter • identifying the focus of the stages of your speech • giving your opinion question and using non-verbal • using a broad range of vocabulary clues to help you report multiple matching discussion and decision making • your reason for writing • being careful of distractors • talking about crime and the law • using linking words and conditional note taking • interrupting politely and encouraging sentences to join your ideas • predicting what you will hear someone to speak essay and completing the sentences comparing photos • creating a good impression • talking about healthy lifestyles • using a gerund to emphasise activities • giving and justifying your opinion rather than the people doing them multiple choice discussion and decision making article • staying focused while you are • talking about problems • making notes and planning 2 listening • responding or adding to a comment and • identifying which kind of plan suits the multiple choice making an alternative suggestion writing task • eliminating options you know choosing the best option essay are wrong to help you identify • talking about travel and transport • giving a relevant opinion the correct answer • evaluating options • using the opposing viewpoint to strengthen your own opinion multiple choice comparing photos (pictures) • talking about food and cooking letter • taking notes while you listen • speculating about the photos • using formal language multiple choice • gaining time to think • using too, enough and so to complain • using the time before the discussion and decision making review recording starts • talking about the arts • explaining and describing • managing the discussion • using gradable and non-gradable • coming to a conclusion adjectives 3

1 Communication 1 Work with a partner and guess which country the following behaviour is common in. Australia Bahrain China Ghana Greece Sweden 1 They speak indirectly and sometimes what they mean is the opposite of what they say. 2 People may avoid saying ‘no’ to others because it is very important to avoid any sort of confrontation. 3 They hate arrogance and are usually modest about their achievements. 4 They tend to speak loudly and with a lot of emotion, which makes them seem annoyed even when they aren’t. 5 Periods of silence are common in conversation and it is best not to try and fill in the gaps. 6 The compliment ‘You look fat today’ is common and is considered a positive remark. 2 T hink of types of behaviour that are common in your country. Discuss them with your partner. Use the ideas below or your own. Hospitality and how guests are treated Topics of conversation to avoid Ways of greeting friends and strangers DVD 1 Watch this short video about cultures and customs. Which custom had the children not seen before? What does the custom show? 5

Reading 1 W ork with a partner. Choose an emotion below and make a facial expression that shows it. Your partner must guess the emotion you are expressing. • anger • awe • confidence • disgust • embarrassment • fear • joy • sadness • surprise • sympathy 2 L ook at the three smiling faces below. Do you think the smiles are genuine or fake? How can you tell? 3 Q uickly read the text. Which means of communication are mentioned? What’s in a smile? Smile. We all do it; some of us more than others. if they were to focus only on the face, they would We flash a smile to break the ice or melt a heart. probably know whether a smile was genuine We use smiles to open doors or make someone’s or not. day. You can feel like a million dollars when someone gives you a sweet smile. But beware! This is because two muscles are involved in The wrong kind of smile can create suspicion, fear spontaneous smiling. The first muscle, the or anger. obicularis oculi, is a ringlike band of muscle around each eye. When it contracts, it causes According to a well-known team of researchers, wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes. It causes there are three kinds of smiles: felt, false and what we know as ‘smiling eyes.’ The other muscle, miserable. Felt smiles express genuine emotion the zygomaticus major, extends from the top of the and are spontaneous; false smiles are fake and are cheekbone to the corners of the mouth. It moves attempts to display positive emotion when it isn’t the mouth upwards when we smile. This muscle actually felt; and miserable smiles show someone on its own produces what we call the ‘mouth is feeling down in the dumps but isn’t planning on smile.’ The mouth smile can occur with other doing much about it. facial muscle contractions at the same time and when it does, it can show negative emotions. For So what do these smiles look like and how can we example, a smiling mouth may be accompanied differentiate them? In experiments where subjects by eyebrows showing anger, eyes showing fear or are shown photos of fake and spontaneous smiles, a nose showing disgust. When people genuinely people are pretty good at telling the difference. smile, in a spontaneous burst of positive emotion, But in the real world, most people are less able to the corners of the mouth move up and the muscles distinguish between them. They are distracted by around the eyes also contract. It is these muscles other elements of communication such as speech, that show a smile is sincere. hand gestures and other body movements. However, 6

4 Read the article again and choose the best answer A, B, C or D. 1 What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A to advise people when to smile B to warn against angering others Try to answer multiple-choice questions by C to show how to become popular looking only at the question and going back D to explain the functions of a smile immediately to the text to find out what it says about the question. When you have decided what 2 What is suggested about the three smiles the text says, you can look at the answer options identified by the researchers? to discover which one fits what you have already A They can be successfully faked. decided is the answer. B They are appropriately named. C They show a person is happy. D They can’t be identified. 5 Which statement about Asian views on smiling 3 What did the experimental studies show about is true? smiles? A They would be too embarrassed to smile A They are as important as body language in communicating. a lot. B Smiling allows others to see exactly how B W e can recognise a fake smile more often than a real one. they feel. C They should not smile under certain C Certain situations make it more difficult to detect a fake smile. circumstances. D Smiling makes them feel positive when they D Spontaneous smiles can distract us from people’s speech. are sad. 4 What does the fourth paragraph suggest about 6 What does the writer mean by ‘cultural norms’? smiles and smiling? A a range of emotions B expected social behaviour A A smile isn’t always what it appears to be. C types of relationships B People who are genuine smile a lot more. D complicated issues C A mouth smile always shows sincerity. D When the mouth moves up, we are happy. 5 T he words in bold are in the wrong places. Write them in the correct places. To add to the complexity, there are also 1 A good way to melt the ice with strangers the cultural associations of smiling since at a party is to tell a joke. smiles can mean very different things in different countries. In the USA, for 2 Put on this designer outfit. You will example, a smile is a friendly, positive flash like a million dollars. gesture of trust. In contrast, in some Asian societies, people smile when they 3 I know someone who can break doors are happy, of course, but also when for me in the music industry. they feel anger, sadness, confusion or embarrassment, perhaps to mask their true 4 Everybody move in closer together for feelings. To their way of thinking, smiling the photo and make a smile! is a superficial act and is inappropriate in situations where a person wants to show 5 If you buy Tammy a bunch of flowers, they take the situation seriously. you will definitely feel her day. 6 Pictures of cute little kittens and puppies really open my heart! 6 Look at the picture. What is happening? Cultural norms aside, some people tend to ? ? He’s unfriendly. Not so close! smile more than others and that seems to indicate they are cheerful, optimistic types. Oh no! But that relationship isn’t strictly true. Some I’m next! people rarely smile and are quite happy. Others often have a smile on their face when they are actually feeling anxious. Human communication is full of uncertainties and we sometimes have a difficult time understanding each other, but a genuine, heartfelt smile that lights up a face can never be misunderstood. UNIT 1 7

a-z Vocabulary 1 1 C omplete the words that show how someone is feeling. Write a letter on each line. 1 I always l gh when I hear a good joke. 2 Don’t c , Maggie! Everything will be all right. 3 If I ever saw a ghost, I’d sc a! 4 Don’t sh t at me, Dad. I know what I did was wrong. 5 I heard my teacher s gh with disappointment when I told her I hadn’t done my homework ... again. 6 If you must talk in the library, please wh p so that you don’t disturb others. 7 Children often g um e when their parents ask them to do household chores. 8 Some of my classmates g ss about me, but I don’t care because no one ever believes what they say. 2 Complete the definitions with these words. delighted embarrassed grumpy hurt lonely optimistic pessimistic sarcastic 1 When someone is , they tend to think that bad things will happen. 2 When someone is , they feel ashamed and worry about what others will think of them. 3 When someone is , they are unhappy and a bit angry, often for no apparent reason. 4 When someone is , they are upset and feel emotional pain. 5 When someone is , they are very happy. 6 When someone is , they feel sad because they have no one to talk to or to do things with. 7 When someone is , they tend to think that good things will happen. 8 When someone is , they say the opposite of what they mean, or say things to make someone else feel silly. 3 The words in bold are in the wrong places. Write them in the correct places. 1 After our visit, I sent my aunt flowers to thank her for her confrontation. 3 M y father taught me to avoid hospitality; he thought calm discussion was always best. 2 Fran never boasts about getting a place at Oxford University; she is modest about her compliment. 4 Thousands of fans were at the airport to greet the Queen on her feelings. 5 Ifelt like a million dollars when Tony paid me a(n) achievement on my new outfit! 6 You really hurt my arrival when you said that I wasn’t a real friend. 8

Grammar 1 Present simple & present continuous 1 Read about the uses of the present simple and the present continuous. Present simple Present continuous • facts and permanent situations • actions happening at the time of speaking Do you live in China with your family? Sam is trying to make his friend laugh. • general truths and natural laws • temporary situations or changing situations Certain muscles produce a smile. I am staying with friends for the time • habits and routines (often with adverbs of frequency) being. My uncle sometimes tells us jokes after dinner. Jane is becoming more and more • timetables and programmes (future) pessimistic. The lecture on communication starts at two o’clock. • annoying habits, often with adverbs like • reviews, stories and sports commentaries always The grumpy old man shouts at the little girl and she My friend is always hurting my feelings. begins to cry. • plans and arrangements (future) • feelings and states We aren’t going to the airport to greet Joe Tina doesn’t like talking to strangers. on his arrival. Note: Remember that we do not use stative verbs in continuous tenses. 2 C omplete the sentences. Use the present simple in one and the present continuous in the other. In which sentence is the adverb of frequency used to express an annoying habit? a My friends (always / laugh) at my jokes. b My friends (always / laugh) at me. Read 1.1-1.3 of the Grammar Reference before you do the tasks. 3 Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 1 (you / ask) your relatives to visit every weekend? 2 Jan hurt Tom’s feelings, so now he (not speak) to her. 3 Her parents (not allow) her to go out on school nights. 4 (ice / melt) at 10 degrees Celsius? 5 We 6 In this story, the evil witch (have) a surprise party on Friday to celebrate Mum’s birthday. 7 Ken and Penny (laugh) at the little boy and girl. 8 (not get) a house together next year. 9 My colleagues (you / know) why people smile in different ways? 10 (always whisper) about me. It’s awful! (your coach / often grumble) when you miss a goal? 4 Circle the correct words to complete the text. It’s all about communication 1 Is it seeming / Does it seem like it 2 becomes / is becoming more and more difficult to talk to your parents as you get older? Communicating with your mother and father 3 isn’t being / isn’t always easy, but it is something you 4 need / are needing to do to get along with them and avoid nasty confrontations. It’s a fact that being able to communicate well with your mum and dad 5 has / is having a lot of advantages. Let’s take this example ... your parents 6 are always asking you / are asking you always where you’re going and when you’ll be back. Next time, tell them, for example, that the film 7 is ending / ends at 9 pm and arrive home at exactly 9.30. This will show them that you 8 learn / are learning to be responsible and that they can trust you. This is an advantage because they’ll realise that they 9 aren’t having to / don’t have to worry about you any more and they’ll give you more freedom to do the things that you 10 are wanting / want to do. Good communication will make things easier for everyone. UNIT 1 9

a-z Vocabulary 2 Collocations & Expressions 1 Match. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1 cross a your eyes 2 shake b hands 3 shrug c your shoulders 4 nod d your nails 5 bite e your head 6 rub f your arms 2 What do you think the body language in 1 means? Write collocations from 1. 1 I agree with what you are saying. 4 I’m sleepy. 2 I feel uncomfortable or nervous. 5 I’m nervous. 3 I’m making an agreement. 6 I don’t know. Commonly Confused Words 3 Complete the pairs of sentences with the words in bold. 1 express impress a Some people find it very hard to their emotions. b If you want to your new boss, work hard. 2 alone lonely , I call a friend. when I need to think about things. a When I’m feeling sad and b I like being 3 frown smile ; it lights up her whole face. off your face; it makes you look angry. a Julia has got a lovely b Take that 4 amount number a The university has a(n) of courses that deal with means of communication. b The of respect the students had for their new teacher was surprising. 5 beware aware or it may bite you. that body language is as important as verbal language? a That dog is cross, so b Are you Word Formation 4 Which prefix do we use with each adjective below to form its opposite? Use them to complete the table. accompanied appropriate avoidable direct modest personal im- in- un- 1 3 5 2 4 6 5 Now complete the sentences with some of the words from 4. 1 Your rude comments about her were completely . 2 Hans loves talking about his own success; he’s one of the most people I know. 3 The greetings card was cold and ; the sender hadn’t even bothered to sign it! 4 Joe came to the party by himself; he was . 5 You say the mistakes you made were , but I think you could have prevented them. 6 Lyle only made references to his studies; he didn’t tell us exactly what he’s doing. 10

Grammar 2 Present perfect simple & present perfect continuous 1 Read about the uses of the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous. Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous • something that started in the past and has • a ctions that started in the past and are continued until now still in progress now or have happened Has she worked here for three months? time and time again until now • s omething that happened in the past, but we don’t Mum and Dad have been taking German know or we don’t say exactly when lessons since May. The businessman has written a number • actions that happened time and time again of reports. in the past and have finished recently, but • s omething that happened in the past, but has a have a result or an effect on the present result or an effect on the present His eyes are red because he’s been Cliff has lost his voice, so he can’t give his speech. rubbing them. • an action that has just finished • to emphasise how long actions have been I have just met my uncle at the airport. in progress • experiences and achievements You’ve been biting your nails for weeks; My sister has started her university studies. what’s the matter? Present perfect simple vs present perfect continuous We use the present perfect simple to focus on the result of a completed action or how many times something has happened. However, we use the present perfect continuous to focus on the action itself or how long something has been happening. It is unimportant whether the action has finished or not. Joseph has spoken to me once. Pat’s been trying to meet him all evening. 2 R ead these sentences and underline the verb forms. Which sentence focuses on how long something has been happening? Which tense does it use? Which sentence focuses on how many times something has happened? Which tense does it use? a Aunt Barbara has visited us twice this year. b Debra has been studying for exams all month. Read 1.4-1.6 of the Grammar Reference before you do the tasks. 3 Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first. Use the word in bold together with the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous. 1 We bought this house in 2008 and now it’s 2014. lived We for six years. 2 Sam went to work at nine o’clock. It’s five o’clock and he’s still there. been Sam all day. 3 Joe is still in university. finished Joe university yet. 4 I arrived at the library three hours ago; perhaps I should leave. have I in the library for three hours; perhaps I should leave. 5 They are in Bahrain. They’ll be back in a week. have They Bahrain. They’ll be back in a week. 6 It’s been a week since Tony called me. for Tony a week. 7 Julia started studying at eight o’clock. has Julia eight o’clock. 8 My sister began dinner preparations two hours ago. preparing My sister for two hours. UNIT 1 1111

Listening 1 M ost of the time we can say the same thing using different words. Tasks which ask you to complete the gap with information from the recording rephrase what the speakers say. You need to be able to make the connection between what you have heard and the way the text is worded in the task. Circle the words that rephrase the expressions in bold. 1 We put a lot of effort into the project. a put pressure on b tried hard with 2 I can handle it. a I want to do it. b I can manage it. 3 It is an indicator of how we feel. a shows b affects 4 She plays a major role in the company. a is important b is an actor 5 His non-verbal communication is not consistent with what he says. a without meaning b without words 2 Now work with a partner. Discuss what the words in bold in these sentences mean. How could the sentences be rephrased? 1 He reassured me that everything was under control. 2 Her answer to my question was an emphatic ‘yes’. 3 I’m not sure that he is aware of the dangers. 4 Hand gestures convey the speaker’s enthusiasm. 5 I keep him at a distance because he can be unkind. 6 She was smiling, but her eyes spoke volumes about what she really felt. 3  You will hear Sandra Nichols, a life skills coach, talk about various types of non-verbal communication. For questions 1-9, complete the Although the gapped sentences with a word or a short phrase. sentences rephrase what the speaker is saying, the 1 Sandra says we may not always know that we are using missing words will probably signals. be exactly as you hear them on the recording. Keep your 2 When someone’s behaviour what they are saying, answers short: use between something may be wrong. one and three words to fill each gap. If you feel you 3 People who don’t look presentable for are unlikely need to write more, check to be professional at work. that you are not including irrelevant information. 4 We don’t look directly at people when we are being . 5 Emphatic gestures can mean ‘Keep away’ or show . 6 Moving away from someone shows that we are not around them. 7 The amount of physical contact we receive as infants affects our development. 8 We reveal a great deal about ourselves through our . 9 In order to fit in with a particular , people must adopt the right style. 12

Speaking 1 Ask and answer these questions with a partner. • What are the advantages of communicating with people face-to-face? • How important is listening as a part of communicating? Do you think you are a good listener? • Do you think technology makes communication between people easier or more difficult? 2 Sometimes when speaking, we don’t hear what the other person has said, or perhaps we are not sure that we have understood. We can ask them politely to repeat what they have said, to confirm that we have understood correctly, or to explain what they mean. Read the dialogues below and use the Language Bank to help you complete what Speaker B says. 1 A: I ’m not sure that this would be the right jacket 3 A: Can you get me the box from under for you. the ~~~? B: ­So, what that you don’t B: Sorry, I . Could you say like it. it again? 2 A: It works exactly like an answering machine. 4 A: His books fly off the shelves! B: I about answering machines. B: ‘fly off the shelves’. Could you explain?  3 Work with a partner. Your friend, Mark, is going to spend the summer with some relatives in Australia. He’d like to keep in regular touch with his friends and his elderly grandmother while he is away. Here are some of the most common ways people use to communicate. First, talk to each other about the advantages and disadvantages of each type of communication. Then decide which one would be best for Mark to keep in touch with his friends and his grandmother. Use the Language Bank to help you. write letters What is the best way for make phone calls Mark to keep in touch with a his friends? b his grandmother? send emails through Facebook or Twitter use Skype 4 Work in pairs to discuss these questions. While interacting with another person, it is quite natural to miss or • Do you think that people should be available for communication not understand something they are 24 hours a day or that they should set aside some totally private time? saying. Don’t be afraid to ask them to repeat or confirm what they have • H ow do you adapt the way you communicate to suit different situations? just said. You may also need to ask For example, how would you talk to a young child, a close friend, them to explain what they mean. a stranger or an important person? • H ow important is it to speak correctly (use the correct grammar and vocabulary)? Why?/Why not? Asking someone to repeat or confirm what they said Asking someone to explain what they mean Sorry, I didn’t catch that. Could you say it again? I’m not sure (I understand) what you mean by ... Could you repeat that, please? Could you explain (what you mean)? Sorry, but when you say ... do you mean ...? I don’t know much about ... . Could you explain? So, what you’re saying is that ... What do you mean ‘...’? UNIT 1 13

Writing Essay: Using the task as a guide Don’t rush to start writing in an exam. Take time to read the task properly because it is designed to guide your thinking. It will tell you the general topic to focus on, the specific topic and, finally, the topic you should write about in your essay. Underline this important information and refer back to it while you are planning and writing to make sure you are answering with relevant ideas. 1 L ook at how the underlining in this writing task guides you into what you have to write about. Then brainstorm the class question to help you form your opinion and get ideas. You have had a class discussion about language. (general topic) Your English teacher has now asked you to write an essay for homework. Countries have problems communicating with each other because they all Class question: What speak different languages. (specific topic) are the advantages and disadvantages of one Do you think we should all learn to speak the same language? (essay topic) international language? Notes Write about: 1 Business and work (paragraph topic) 2 Travelling and holidays (paragraph topic) 3 ____ (your own idea) 2 R ead this writing task and underline the important information that guides you. Then complete the class question you need to brainstorm. You have had a class discussion about different cultures. Your English teacher has now asked you to write an essay for homework. These days, more and more people are leaving their homes to live in Class question: a different country. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Do you think this is a difficult thing to do? ? Notes Write about: 1 Language 2 Work 3 ____ (your own idea) 3 R ead this essay that was written in answer to the question in 2 and circle the topic of paragraphs 2-4. There are many kinds of people starting new lives in other countries; from refugees escaping danger to pensioners retiring to sunnier places. However, I don’t think that adjusting to a new culture is an easy thing to do. T o begin with, people have to learn a new language quite quickly in order to be able to organise their daily life. In the beginning, children will have a difficult time at school and older people will probably need to arrange lessons. In addition, they have to find a job and this will need patience as they will probably not have a network of friends or family nearby to help them. Furthermore, making friends can be difficult in a new culture. Newcomers will need to observe, and copy such things as table manners, polite ways to address strangers and other cultural behaviour in order to be accepted by the locals. T o sum up, it can take many difficult and stressful months before people are really able to enjoy their lives in a new country. 14

4 Y ou should introduce the topic of each paragraph in the first sentence. The reader needs to know what the topic is in order to make sense of the rest of the paragraph. Complete the topic sentences in these short paragraphs about communication. 1 Humans are capable of communicating without . We can often understand how someone feels, for example, just by looking at the expression on their face. 2 Another way of understanding more about a person is by observing their . For example, an untidy person who leaves their clothes all over their bedroom is probably not very good at organising their life. 5 T o expand the topic of your paragraph, you can use examples. Underline where the writer has done this in the essay in 3. Then underline the topic of the sentences below and write a second sentence giving an example. Use the Language Bank to help you. 1 A person’s appearance can tell you a lot about them. 2 A person’s body language can reveal how they are really feeling. 6 Read this writing task, underline the important information Introducing topics and identify the question you should brainstorm. Then use To begin with,/In the first place, the plan and the Language Bank to help you write your essay. When you have finished your essay, check your work carefully. In addition,/Furthermore,/Moreover, You have had a class discussion about non-verbal communication. To sum up,/All in all, Your English teacher has now asked you to write an essay. Contrasting topics Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view. (140-190 words) However,/On the other hand, We don’t always need conversation because we can Although/Despite learn a lot about a person just by watching them. Communication Do you think this is a good way of getting to verbal/non-verbal know someone? gestures & body language to get a first impression (of sb) Notes to make a first impression (on sb) Write about: to express yourself 1 Appearance to hide your feelings 2 Expressions & gestures to observe/watch 3 ____ (your own idea) to show/reveal Appearance hairstyle/make-up/clothes body decoration: jewellery Plan actions speak louder than words Paragraph 1: Introduce the topic and state your opinion. truthful/honest Paragraph 2: Make a point on the topic of appearance. Paragraph 3: Make a point on the topic of expressions and gestures. Expressions & gestures Paragraph 4: Make your own point either to support your opinion to smile to frown or in contrast. to shake hands Paragraph 5: Summarise your opinion, and add a comment. to nod/shake your head to shrug your shoulders to make eye contact (with sb) Underline the important information in the writing task and use it to guide your thinking. Refer back to it to make sure your ideas are relevant. Help the reader by writing the topic of each paragraph in the first sentence. UNIT 1 15

1 Reload Vocabulary Grammar Choose the correct answers. Choose the correct answers. 1 W hy don’t you give your mum a call? It will 1 As a psychologist, with children who have her day. problems communicating? a melt a are you working b flash b you work c make c you are working d open d do you work 2 My parents with disappointment when I told 2 ‘ long?’ them that I’d failed an exam. ‘No, I’ve just arrived.’ a Have you waited a sighed b Have you been waiting b screamed c Are you waiting c whispered d Do you wait d gossiped 3 I realise that you’re having a bad day, but you 3 ‘ at the children all evening. What’s wrong?’ shouldn’t be so . ‘I’m sorry. I’m in a terrible mood.’ a You have been shouting a optimistic b Have you been shouting b delighted c Do you shout c grumpy d You have shouted d hurt 4 Ican’t believe it; my husband paid me on my 4 I this book on body language twice; it’s very new hairstyle! interesting. a a confrontation a have been reading b an achievement b have read c an arrival c do read d a compliment d sometimes read 5 If you want to your colleagues, you should 5 Certain gestures different things depending on work harder. which country you’re in. a impress a are meaning b shrug b mean c cross c is meaning d express d means 6 Your eyes are red. Have you been them? 6 I my sister’s children this weekend. a shaking a look after b biting b am looking after c nodding c looks after d rubbing d looking after 7 You shouldn’t wear all the time; you’ll get 7 The talk on means of communication at 7 pm. wrinkles on your forehead. Shall we go out afterwards? a an amount a often is ending b a frown b has ended c a number c is ending d a smile d ends 8 Dad got mum an iron for her birthday; what 8 ‘Why his desk?’ an gift! ‘Because he insulted the boss and she fired him!’ a is Mark always clearing out a unavoidable b Mark clears out b unaccompanied c does Mark clear out c impersonal d has Mark cleared out d indirect 9 M eg has moved to a new city, so she is feeling quite 9 ‘Why Jake’s hand?’ without her friends. ‘Because they’ve just agreed to work together.’ a is Joe shaking a embarrassed b does Joe shake b lonely c Joe is shaking c sarcastic d Joe shakes d pessimistic 16

English STUDENT’S BOOK English Journey is an exciting and complete ten-level English course especially researched and written to appeal to young learners and teenagers alike. Its carefully constructed syllabus gradually and effectively takes your students from Pre-A1 (Beginner) to C2 level (Proficiency) in the CEFR. Each level is of a manageable length and can be completed in one academic year. A strong skills syllabus runs through the course which actively improves students’ performance in reading, writing, listening and speaking. Vocabulary is presented in context in theme-related word sets and there is also a focus on collocations, phrasal verbs and prepositions. Key features of English Journey 9 Student’s Book • 12 theme-related units, each containing carefully developed tasks designed to develop students’ reading, writing, listening and speaking skills • 12 Reload sections, one at the end of each unit, to reinforce vocabulary and grammar presented • 6 Progress Reviews, one after every two units, to consolidate the vocabulary and grammar • a Grammar Reference to support the grammar theory presented in each unit • a Writing Bank and a Speaking Bank to support students’ productive skills An interactive version of English Journey 9 Student’s Book, including the audio necessary for the listening activities, can be found on the English Journey 9 Interactive Whiteboard Software. The series follows the Cambridge Secondary English as a Second Language Curriculum Framework developed by Cambridge English Language Assessment. English Journey 9 for the student: English Journey 9 for the teacher: • Student’s Book • Teacher’s Book • Workbook in full colour • Class Audio • Test Book • Interactive Whiteboard Software • Interactive e-book CEFR: B2