Body Systems

Body Systems By: Anvita Parvataneni Teacher: Mrs.K Period: 4A

Table of contents Topic Page Number Topic Page Number 3-6 Respiratory System 23-26 Integumentary System 7-10 Digestive System 27-30 Muscular System 11-14 Nervous System 15-18 Urinary System 31-34 Special Senses 19-22 Reproductive System 35-38 Cardiovascular System Citations 39 2

Integumentary system Table of contents 3

Integumentary System Function: Key words: 4 The integumentary system is composed of skin and is very ● Dermatology- one who specializes in skin important to the body function. It ● Keratin- the structure of the hair acts as a barrier that protects ● Xerophthalmia- abnormal dryness in the your body from disease or bacteria. The integumentary eye system also regulates body ● Xanthoma- a skin disorder where fat temperature. builds up under the skin Table of contents ● Erythrocytes- red blood cells ● Pediculosis- an infection caused from head lice ● Onycholysis- the detachment of the nail and the nail bed ● Mycology- the scientific study of fungi ● Pillowcase- a soft cushion filled with hair like feathers ● Lipids- forms of fat from food ● Rhytidectomy- surgical removal of wrinkles ● Albinism- a rare genetic disorder causing the skin to be white

Integumentary System Diseases/Abnormal conditions: Health careers: ● Sunburn- burned skin turns ● Dermatologist- a specialist in red skin who diagnosis and cure skin disorders. They also ● Skin cancer- a cancer that study the function of the associated with the skin skin. ● Infection- skin infection ● Plastic surgeon- a doctor happens when a chemical or who performs operations to poison contacts change the shape or form of a person's body or skin. ● Rash- a burn on the skin that is itchy Table of contents 5

Integumentary System 6 Key terms: ● Derm/o, dermat/o- skin ● Kerat/o- hornrey tissue ● xer/o- dryness ● xanth/o- yellowish ● erythr/o- red blood cells ● pedicu/o- lice ● onych/o- nail ● myc/o- fungus ● pil/o- hair ● lip/o- fat ● rhytid/o- wrinkle ● albin/o- white Table of contents

Muscular System 7 Table of contents

Muscular System Function: Key words: 8 The cardiac muscle is a muscle in the ● Cardiomyopathy- specializes in the heart heart. It pumps blood through muscle involuntary movements. The movement is specialized through ● Myeloma- a cancer that forms in a white pacemaker cells which control the blood cell contractions of the heart. The cardiac muscle is very important because you ● Osteoporosis- causes bones to become need the blood pumping in order to be week alive and having blood flow. ● Costmary- a medicine that helps the body Table of contents ● Cranium- the skull ● Cystopexy- to fix the urinary bladder ● Chondromalacia- where the cartilage softens ● Arthritis- a condition in the joints ● paraplegia- a paralysis that happens in the legs ● Kinesiophobia- the fear of movement

Muscular System Diseases/Abnormal conditions: Health careers: ● Muscular dystrophy-muscle ● Physical therapists- helps weakening diseases patients reduce pain and improve their confidence and ● Myopathy-mitochondrial bring them back up ATP disorder ● Orthopedist- helps treat ● Myasthenia gravis-immune injuries or disorders of the system problem skeleton and bones ● Tetanus-paralyzing bacteria infection Table of contents 9

Muscular System 10 Key terms: ● my/o- muscle ● myel/o- spinal cord ● oste/o- bone ● cost/o- ribs ● crani/o- skull ● -pexy- surgical fixation ● chondr/o- cartilage ● arthr/o- joint ● -plegia- paralysis ● kinesi/o- movement Table of contents

Nervous System 11 Table of contents

Nervous System Key words: Function: ● Neuron-nerve cells ● Encephalitis- inflammation of the Controls and coordinates functions throughout the brain body and allows an ● Myelin- a layer of fatty tissues of organism to think, learn, perceive, move, and many neurons in it express emotion. ● Ambulatory- able to walk ● Meningitis- inflammation of the Table of contents meninges ● Psychology- the scientific study of behavior and mental progress ● Concussion- violent shaking up ● Anesthesia- temporary loss of sensation or awareness 12

Nervous System Health careers: Diseases/Abnormal conditions: ● Psychiatrist-a specialist who diagnoses and treats mental ● Alzheimer disease- a disease disorders that affects the brain and causes the person to have ● Neuroscience nurse- nurse who memory loss. cares for patients with neurological disorders. ● Bell's palsy- sudden weakness or paralysis 13 ● Cerebral palsy- affects the nervous system in muscle control and movement ● Epilepsy- seizures that last 1-3 Table of contenmtsins

Nervous System 14 Key terms: ● Neur/o- nerve ● Encephal/o- brain ● Myel/o- spinal cord, bone marrow ● Ambul/o- to walk ● -Esthesis- sensation ● Mening/o- meninges ● Psych/o- mind ● Concuss/o- shaken together Table of contents

Special Senses 15 Table of contents

Special Senses Key words: 16 Function: ● Iridectomy- excision of the iris ● Opiate- a narcotic used to cause Special senses have receptors to detect environmental sleep or bring relief from pain stimuli and they are also very ● Otosclerosis- hardening of the bony closely related to the nervous system by telling the nervous tissue of the middle ear system everything the ● Tympanic membrane- the eardrum sensory receptor feel. located inside the ear Table of contents ● Opthal- the eye ● Presbycusis- the loss of hearing ● Asthenopia- eye strain ● Optometry- the practice of profession of examining the eyes

Special Senses Health careers: Diseases/ Abnormal conditions: ● Ophthalmology- one who diagnoses and treats eye ● Blindness- a condition where disorders one cannot see with his or her eyes ● Audiologists- a specialized doctor who treats and ● Deafness- where one cannot diagnosis ears hear ● Cataract- a cloudy area in the lens of your eyes ● Ptosis- drooping og of the eyes Table of contents 17

Special Senses 18 Key terms: ● Irid/o- iris ● -cusis- hearing ● -opia- conditions of the eye ● ot/o- ear ● tympan/o- eardrum ● opthalm/o- eye ● -metry- process of measuring Table of contents

Cardiovascular System Table of contents 19

Cardiovascular System Function: Key words: 20 The main function of the cardiovascular system is to ● Hemoglobin- An iron-containing protein pump blood through the heart in red blood cells that reversibly binds and maintain good blood flow oxygen. through the whole body. It also has a job of the heart by ● Cardiovascular- relating to the heart and making sure it keeps pumping. blood vessels Table of contents ● Angioplasty- surgical repair of a blood vessel ● Bradycardia- slow heart rate ● Tracheae- tiny tubes that deliver oxygen ● Leukemia- cancer of white blood cells ● Erythrocytes- red blood cells ● Arteries- carry blood away from the heart ● Hypoglycemia- a condition where the blood sugar is lower than normal

Cardiovascular System Diseases/ Abnormal conditions: Health careers: ● Arrhythmias- abnormal ● Cardiologist- one who heart rhythms specializes in the heart ● Coronary heart disease- ● Cardiac surgeon- who narrowing of the arteries specializes in the heart and lungs and treats people by ● Heart attack- when the heart performing surgery stops and can’t pump ● Cardiomyopathy- heart muscle disease Table of contents 21

Cardiovascular System 22 Key terms: ● Cardi/o- heart ● angi/o- blood vessel ● hem/o, hemat/o- blood ● Brady- slow ● Tachy- fast ● -emia- blood condition ● leuk/o-white ● erythr/o- red ● arteri/o- artery Table of contents

Respiratory System Table of contents 23

Respiratory System Function: Key words: 24 The respiratory system works ● Anoxia- an absence of oxygen with the cardiovascular system ● Pleural cavity- space between the folds of as well as a series alveoli take in oxygen and remove carbon the pleura dioxide. ● Oxytocin- hormone released that cases and Table of contents increased contraction of the urinary place ● Larngopharynx -where the esophagus is opening ● Cyanosis- bluish discoloration of the skin ● Bronchioles- smallest branches of the bronchi ● Tracheostomy- artificial opening in the trachea ● Thoracic- chest ● Pulmonary circulation- circulation route with the lungs ● Pneumonia- inflammation of the lungs

Respiratory System Diseases/ Abnormal conditions: Health Careers: ● Asthma- where one cannot ● Pulmonologist- breathe through the lungs physicians who treat smoothy disorders and conditions of the chest ● Cystic fibrosis- thick sticky mucus clogs the lungs ● Respiratory therapist- casing a shorter life span works with patients who have breathing or other ● Lung cancer- a type of condition problems cancer that is in the lungs 25 ● Pneumonia- in falmination of the lungs Table of contents

Respiratory System 26 Key terms: ● Bronch/o- bronchus ● Cyan- blue ● laryng/o- larynx ● -oxia- oxygen ● Oxy-oxygen ● pleur/o- side of body ● pneum/o- lung ● pulmon/o- lung ● thorac/o- chest Table of co●ntenttsrache/o- win pipe

Digestive System 27 Table of contents

Digestive system Function: Key words: 28 Digestive system is the breakdown of nutrients and ● Cholecystitis -inflammation of the also helps your body process gallbladder food better throughout your body. ● Entropy- a measure of disorder or randomness Table of contents ● Colonopathy- diseases of the colon ● Hepatitis- inflammation of the liver ● Gastrocnemius- calf muscle ● Oral- mouth ● Cholesterol- a type of fat ● ● Proctologist- specialize in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

Digestive system Diseases/ Abnormal conditions: Health careers: ● Gastroesophageal reflux ● Gastroenterologist- disease- a heartburn from specializes in the acids esophagus, stomach, and intestines ● Peptic ulcer disease- sore in the lining of the stomach ● Proctologist- specializes in the rectum and anus ● Stomach flu- an infection in the upper part of the 29 stomach ● Celiac disease- gluten sensitivity Table of contents

Digestive system 30 Key terms: ● cholecyst/o- gallbladder ● enter/o- small intestine ● col/o, colon/o- large intestine ● hepat/o- liver ● gastr/o- stomach ● or/o- mouth ● -pepsia- digestion ● chol/e- bile ● proct/o- anus and rectum Table of contents

Urinary System 31 Table of contents

Urinary System Key words: 32 Function: ● Cystocele-protrusion of the bladder To filter out blood and take ● Paralysis- temporary or permanent urine as a waste product. It also maintains the fluids and loss of motor control bladder. It also takes in ● Cystic fibrosis- a genetic disorder nutrients from food and ● Nephron- functional unit of the converts it to energy. kidney Table of contents ● Renaissance- rebirth ● Pyelonephritis- inflammation of the pelvis and kidney ● Olguria- scnty urnation ● Mastopexy- surgical fixation of the breast ● Atelectasis- collapsed lung

Urinary System Health careers: Diseases/ Abnormal conditions: ● Urology- surgical management for the ● Nephrosis- a urinary tract noninflammatory disease of the kidney ● Nephrologists- a career in internal medicine ● Nephrolith- a kidney stone ● Urethritis- inflammation of the urethra ● Nocturia- frequently urinating during the night Table of contents 33

Urinary System 34 Key terms: ● -cele- hernia ● -lysis- destruction ● cyst/o- bladder ● nephr/o- kidney ● ren/o- kidney ● -uria- urine ● -pexy- surgical fixation ● -ectasis- dilation, expansion ● pyel/o- renal pelvis Table of contents

Reproductive System Table of contents 35

Reproductive System Function: Key words: 36 Its function is to make sure to protect the offspring before ● Prostate gland- adds chemical fluid to it's born and to develop it the semen successfully. Ot also transports and sustained the ● Colonoscopy- visual examination of the cells. vagina Table of contents ● Gynecology- the branch of medicine dealing with disorders ● Mammary- breast ● Menopause- cessation of menstruation ● Oophorectomy- excision of an ovary ● Orchitis- inflammation of the testes ● Ovary- a flower structure that protects the ovules ● Salpingo- tube ● Cervical- neck

Reproductive System Diseases/ Abnormal conditions: Health Careers: ● Endometriosis- affects the ● Gynecologists- deal with womens uterus the health of the female reproductive system ● HIV- affects specific cells ● Interstitial cystitis- ● Urologist- teatment of diorders of the male sex bladder condition and reproductive organs ● Uterine fibroids- muscle cells grow around the uterus Table of contents 37

Reproductive System 38 Key terms: ● cervic/o- neck ● salping/o- fallopian tube ● ov/o- egg ● orchid/o- testes ● oophor/o- ovary ● men/o- menstruation ● mamm/o- breast ● gynec/o- women, female ● colp/o- hollow ● prostat/o- prostate gland Table of contents

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