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building engineering services association specification for:DomesticcentralHeatinginstallation www.thebesa.com

building engineering services associationGuide to good practice: acknowledgments Domestic the Besa wishes to record its sincere thanks to the following central members of the drafting sub-committee, without whose Heating direct input of knowledge, time and experience thisinstallation publication would not have been produced. Bob mansfield ted rheams steve curtis ian Beard Paul Haddlesey - author graeme craig alan Keating – secretary the Besa also wishes to acknowledge the input from Bsria, ciBse, ioP, oFtec, energy saving trust, the Besa technical committee and other groups for their time, input and vetting. isBn 0-903783-51-7 First published 2004 by the Heating and Ventilating contractors association ©2004 Besa besa Publications old mansion House eamont Bridge Penrith ca10 2BX 01768 860405 [email protected]. www.thebesa.com

building engineering services associationGuide to good practice: Foreword Domestic When the ‘Domestic Heating Design guide’ was first central conceived in 1993 by a small technical committee Heating from the then ‘Home Heating group’ they had noinstallation idea that this recently updated guide would become the industry standard when designing heating and hot water systems. From the smallest dwelling up to and including semi-commercial installations, the design guide gives precise, easy to follow instructions on all aspects to be considered, allowing you to give your customer the best possible quotation for the installation. it was only natural therefore that following on this success it was not enough knowing how to design the system; we needed a standard on how to install it correctly. again with the expertise we have within the group and the technical department of the association, a specification has been drawn up on the installation of central heating water systems in residential dwellings and non-domestic buildings, of a residential nature. together with the Design guide this will provide a valuable tool for both the members and their clients, giving greater customer satisfaction and resulting in improved productivity and performance. raising the standards within our industry has always been one of the most important goals of the association and i firmly believe that members of the Heating and Plumbing services group now have the toolkit to do that professionally. i would like to express my personal thanks for all of the hard work, time and effort given by both members and staff of the association in producing these guides and the efforts by our industry in continually improving its’ standards. Bob mansfield, Former chairman, Heating and Plumbing services group Building engineering services association www.thebesa.com

Domestic Central Heating Installation SpecificationCONTENTSSection 1 INTRODUCTION Page1.0 OBJECTIVE1.1 DESIGN 91.2 STANDARD OF WORKMANSHIP 91.3 SCOPE 91.4 PUBLICATION AND REVIEW 91.5 DESCRIPTION OF HEATING SERVICES 91.6 OPERATING CONDITION 91.7 DESCRIPTION OF WATER SERVICES 101.8 10 10Section 2 WET CENTRAL HEATING 102.1 DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE 2.1.1 Operating Condition 112.2 2.1.2 Open Systems 11 2.1.3 Sealed Systems 112.3 2.1.4 Gravity Systems 112.4 2.1.5 Fully Pumped Systems 112.5 2.1.6 Under Floor Heating 12 2.1.7 Solar Heating 13 BOILERS 14 2.2.1 Boiler Selection 14 2.2.2 Regular/Standard Boiler 14 2.2.3 Combination Boiler 14 2.2.4 Condensing Boiler 14 2.2.5 Condensing Combination Boiler 14 2.2.6 Solid Fuel Gravity Boiler 15 2.2.7 Electric Boiler 21 2.2.8 Combined Heating and Power 21 FLUE TYPES 21 PUMPS AND CIRCUITS 22 2.4.1 Circulator Pumps 22 2.4.2 Circuits and Zones 24 SYSTEM CONTROLS 24 2.5.1 Time Switch 25 2.5.2 Full Programmer 25 2.5.3 Optimiser 25 2.5.4 Weather Compensator 25 2.5.5 Boiler Energy Manager 25 2.5.6 Boiler Interlock 26 2.5.7 Room Thermostat/Sensor 26 2.5.8 Night Set-back 27 2.5.9 Frost Thermostat 28 2.5.10 Cylinder Thermostat 28 2.5.11 Pipe Thermostat 28 2.5.12 Thermostatic Hot Water Limit Valve 29 2.5.13 Thermostatic Hot Water Mixing Valve 29 2.5.14 Radio Frequency Controls 29 30 304

Domestic Central Heating Installation Specification2.6 THERMOSTATIC RADIATOR VALVES Page2.7 AUTOMATIC BYPASS VALVE2.8 HEAT EMITTERS 30 31Section 3 HOT WATER SERVICE 323.1 DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE 333.2 3.1.1 Hot Water Service from Combi Boilers 333.3 3.1.2 Combined Primary Storage Units 33 3.1.3 Solar Water Heating 34 BOOSTED SUPPLIES 35 3.2.1 Booster Pumps 39 PRESSURISED SUPPLIES – Unvented 39 3.3.1 Storage 41 42Section 4 COLD WATER SERVICE4.1 DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE 454.2 PRESSURE BOOSTER PUMP SETS 45 4.2.1 Booster Pumps 45 45Section 5 FUELS5.1 NATURAL GAS 475.2 OIL 475.3 SOLID 475.4 SOLAR 475.5 COMBINED HEATING AND POWER 475.6 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS 47 47Section 6 PIPEWORK UNDER FLOORS 49Section 7 MATERIALS AND JOINTING METHODS7.1 517.2 PIPING MATERIALS 517.3 SELECTION TABLES 51 STEEL PIPE JOINTING 537.4 7.3.1 Threaded 53 7.3.2 Welded 537.5 7.3.3 Flanged 537.6 7.3.4 Grooved 537.7 7.3.5 Press Fit 53 COPPER PIPE JOINTING 53 7.4.1 Compression 53 7.4.2 Capillary 54 PUSH FIT JOINTING 54 PRESS FIT JOINTING 54 PROPRIETARY SYSTEMS JOINTING 54Section 8 COPPER PIPEWORK CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY 558.1 55 PIPING MATERIALS 558.2 8.1.1 Grades and Types 55 8.1.2 Finish 55 COMPRESSION JOINT AND FITTING ASSEMBLY 55 8.2.1 Compression Method 5

Domestic Central Heating Installation Specification 8.2.2 Compression Fittings Page8.3 CAPILLARY JOINT AND FITTING ASSEMBLY 55 8.3.1 Capillary Method of Assembly 56 8.3.2 Capillary Fittings 568.4 PUSH FIT ASSEMBLY 56 8.4.1 Push Fit Method 56 8.4.2 Push Fit Fittings 568.5 PRESS FIT ASSEMBLY 56 8.5.1 Press Fit Method 56 8.5.2 Press Fit Fitting 568.6 PULLED BENDS 568.7 SUPPORT AND FIXINGS 578.8 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION 57 8.8.1 Natural Flexibility 57 8.8.2 Expansion Devices 58 8.8.3 Anchors and Guides 58 8.8.4 Cold Draw 58 58Section 9 PLASTIC PIPEWORK CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY9.1 599.2 INTRODUCTION 599.3 APPLICATION SELECTION TABLE 59 JOINTING METHODS SELECTION 599.4 9.3.1 Threaded 609.5 9.3.2 Solvent Welding 609.6 9.3.3 Compression Fittings 619.7 9.3.4 Push-Fit 619.8 9.3.5 Press Fit 619.9 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 619.10 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION RATES 629.11 SUPPORTS 629.12 ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT 639.13 MIXING OF PIPES AND FITTINGS 639.14 PRESSURE FLUCTUATION 639.15 PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP 639.16 LOCATION OF PIPEWORK 63 HIDDEN PIPEWORK 64 CHEMICAL CLEANING 64 HANDLING 64 PLASTIC PIPEWORK AND HEATING SYSTEMS 64 IDENTIFICATION 64Section 10 STEEL PIPEWORK CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY 65 6510.1 PIPING MATERIAL DETAILS 65 65 10.1.1 Pipe Finish 65 6510.2 THREADED ASSEMBLY 65 65 10.2.1 Threaded Joints 66 66 10.2.2 Bends and Fittings10.3 WELDED ASSEMBLY 10.3.1 Welding Methods 10.3.2 Welding Fittings10.4 FLANGED ASSEMBLY6

Domestic Central Heating Installation Specification10.5 GROOVED ASSEMBLY Page10.6 PRESS FIT ASSEMBLY10.7 SUPPORT AND FIXINGS 6710.8 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION 67 10.8.1 Natural Flexibility 67 10.8.2 Expansion Devices 68 10.8.3 Anchors and Guides 68 10.8.4 Cold Draw 68 68Section 11 STAINLESS STEEL PIPEWORK CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY 68Section 12 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY 6912.1 MAIN EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING 71 7112.2 DRAINING 71 7112.3 VENTING 71 7112.4 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION 71 7112.5 PROTECTION 72 72 12.5.1 Physical 72 72 12.5.2 Corrosion 72 7212.6 CONNECTIONS TO EQUIPMENT 72 72 12.6.1 Connections to Existing 73 73 12.6.2 Connections for Future Extensions 75 12.6.3 Pipe Freezing 75 7512.7 EXTERNAL FABRIC PENETRATIONS 75 7512.8 CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY PROCEDURES 75 75 12.8.1 Cleanliness 75 76 12.8.2 Pipe Sleeves 76 76 12.8.3 Alignment 76 76 12.8.4 Spacing and Clearances 76 76Section 13 ACCESSORIES AND PIPELINE ANCILLARIES 7613.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 7713.2 VALVE LOCATIONS AND FUNCTION 79 79 13.2.1 Isolating Valves 79 13.2.2 Regulating Valves13.3 PIPELINE ANCILLARIES 13.3.1 Safety Valves 13.3.2 Ball Float Valves 13.3.3 Non-return Valves 13.3.4 Strainers 13.3.5 Instrumentation and Test Points 13.3.6 Pressure Gauges 13.3.7 Thermometers13.4 IDENTIFICATION 13.4.1 Pipelines 13.4.2 Valves and PlantSection 14 TESTING - HYDRAULICSection 15 THERMAL INSULATION15.1 APPLICATION 15.1.1 Installation Considerations 7

Domestic Central Heating Installation Specification15.2 15.1.2 Workmanship Page TRACE HEATING 15.2.1 Pre-installation Guidelines 80 15.2.2 Installation 81 15.2.3 Heating Cable Connection 81 15.2.4 Heating Cable Testing 81 81Section 16 FLUSHING, CLEANING AND WATER TREATMENT 8116.1 APPLICATION 83 8316.2 SYSTEM CLEANLINESS 83 83 16.2.1 Introduction 83 83 16.2.2 Delivery and Storage 83 83 16.2.3 During Installation 84 84 16.2.4 During Testing 84 85 16.2.5 Dynamic Flushing 85 86 16.2.6 Water Velocity 87 16.2.7 Flushing Existing Systems 87 8716.3 FILLING SYSTEM 87 8716.4 CHEMICAL CLEANING 88 88 16.4.1 Power Flush 88 8916.5 WATER TREATMENT 90 90Section 17 COMMISSIONING AND HAND OVER 90 9117.1 APPLICATION 9317.2 ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT 93 9517.3 ACTIVITIES 96 17.3.1 Documentation 17.3.2 Prior to Commissioning 17.3.3 Pre-commissioning Cleaning 17.3.4 Static Commissioning Checks 17.3.5 Dynamic Commissioning Procedures17.4 CIBSE/BSRIA CODES AND OTHER PUBLISHED PROCEDURES 17.4.1 Boiler Plant17.5 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS17.6 RECORD DRAWINGSSection 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES18.1 REFERENCES18.2 ABBREVIATIONS18.3 MISCELLANEOUS8