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'I I\\\" A tiT\u00b7h \\\"thLa!\\\" diif11111'V1111\u00a3.J~LL~n~1.,'1TlULtl ~1'UlJ~1.,'1111LL~1 1J11~1'Y'l\\\"ll''Y1L n~\\\"l..'U ~ 'U~f'lfll 11J\u20acl'U- ~111~f1~111~il\u00a3.J ~e:Jutl~1\u00a3.Jfl~111\\\"M~ ~'\\\" 1u~htJ \\\"th1ar'' 'V\\\\111\u00a3..)~.,'1 ~u~~'Y'l1::3J'V11n,;~1m~~.,'!1u11 L~\u20ac) f ~1~~11~1\u00a3.JLL~:: ~11.l\\\\ltlJ~.,'!U1.,'1 L~\u20ac11iLU'U~tllU~ffl'VI fu~1i~1\\\"1.1EJ.,'!ti1U'Y'l1:: El.,'ltl Lrl\u20acJ~.,'I~f'l'Yl1LL\u20acl~~n (Triassic) 'VI1\u20acl ~.<o ~1'1-l.U ~1.,'1111LL~1 'Y'l1JUI.LaJ~1'Y'l1m..l1.,'1~.,'1~mi1Lit~~u ~mrl\u20ac1 ~.,'I\u00a3.Jf11!11~~n (Jurassic) 'VI1\u20acl ~<t<t ~1'UU~1.,'1111 ti1u~'Yliilu n11i~LaJLL~:: n1 1nu~.rl.,'ILL~1TJ1.,'1th ~~ ~ LL~1~.,'1ii'Y'l11ntLaJ~1::n~~UL111ruL~1J1~iium.h.,'j3Jln111\u00a3.J I n11L 'Y'll:: .lIJ~ n'VI \\\"1\\\"\u20acJL~\u00a3...\\\".J'.,'I~.~..1.\u00a3.J...,..'.!.LlJ!''UI\\\"l..\u20acl.,'l.lIJ1::\\\"ll'1\\\"ll''U ~1U'Y'l11UI.LaJ~ii~\u20acln~~iu~1.,'1 6)\\\"'Lmi~uh~~f'lf11L~L~\u00a3.J~ L'YA'l\u20ac1 '~ 'Yl1 GJ 1tle1~ (Cretaceous) 'VI1 \u20acl ~ l!:Jo ~1UU~1.,'1111LL~1 5~111EJnfl~111\\\"M'VIrt.,'l \\\"th1ar'' n~l.l'VI111\u00a3.J~.,'j 'Y'l11rn1a!~ilm!1111uu 1m1~mm1~'1-W1Lrl\u20acl\u00a3.Jf'l ... 0 I 'YA 'lUA'YQl.o\u20acO JUnl1ot1.,'1\\\"1.1114.,,'1. 'YI llJ1::ne:Ju1).m1 \u00a3.J...l'J1 1V~I\\\"1\\\"1\\\" 'Y~Il.,'I'VI.ni..Jl1 u~:: \\\"\\\"1 Cj I ... Cj 'Y'l~ \u20acl6AJl'U (Pliocene) fA'l\u20acJL1A1\u20acl ~l!:J ~g.1~'UlJ~3~J1'ULA\u20acJ.,'I LLaJLL~'VIa.IU1UJ.,'I'VIa.lu1u1uth ~'Yl~1um1~1i~1lu .... I ftj '\\\\J th1muu1!~uu5ut.h::ne:Ju1tl~1\u00a3.J'Y'l11rn1aru1u1 Yiu.Yii.,'jn~11rJ.,'jf'l.,'j~.,'111-t1 1LUU\\\"l..EJ.,'I'Y'l1::L~1LLf-lu~uEJ~ \\\"nit~ ~L~l~U1n11111~~\u20acl~1::\u00a3.J::L1~1eJU\u00a3.J11U1'U ~1U~'Yl~1um11i~u~~u 6J L~\u20acltl1::1\u00a3.J\\\"ll'iimh.,'I~U n~11~\u20acl Lrlmn~~'ULL~1rlL111qJL~1J1~~'1-l. 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'U 1 ~11-YitT tJ1::na1Jn1Jii1~L~flULb~::i~1~1Y-~1nri\\\"'ll~1f1l~ 1~iim1~n1Y1fi'un'!19lu1~'VIL.t..mnu11 ti1V1f1J 1 'U 'U t h 13!~9l::b 9l1q)b~1J t~fl~1J'j.j,~'j.j,~~J1~1:JJ11f11::1J1\u00a3..1 1u~u L\\\"liu eYu L~u bb~::9l~u'Yl16u1U1\\\"1fU~ ~.Jri11~ '1 ~uriih~h1a!tJnfl~:JJ11u1tJ1\\\\1 fl1n1fttl1\u00a3.Jb'Yl1~~::~1n ti1m'Yl1~~,_tu tJ1:JJ1rn~u~ n9l::a~1u1::'VIl1\\\\J (i)b-l!:Jo ~ U1 ~1V1f1J16Jl'u1au L\\\"liu tJ1::b'YltT1'Yl\u00a3.J a.Jfi'tJ1::na1J~ tal <j ').\/ I I uu::uu9l::L~u1~-:h Yluririii1h1a!tJnfl~:JJ 1bb~::~u 1","ri11~di~iitl1\\\"lfu~wh.:~ 6) ~u~u ~ff1flqj~~~ .1~Lbn 1~\\\"lfU~\\\"lle:J.JU1~iie:J~bb~ n~1.:~nu1t11~Liuriu 'IJ fnJ.W1mmf'l1~muvn:::{]~m~ t.l1mrn\\\"lle:J.Jt:.luri~n1u th~w'Yiml~'lfU~'l.ltNth1~ dU'VIdU.J 6) LL~:::1:::\u00a3J:::bdl.'ld1'dYl.:iIJHWiln t._1.~ Vblu.tn~bi~'bbnI \\\"lAfU~ 1h1mun1fi~1.J 6J \\\"lle:J.J1~nvm'91:::~1bmne:Je:Jn1~ bb~:::in1Yrn:::\\\"lle:J.J~U ~.Jtl1bUU~U~n ~~:IJ~:IJ\\\\j1nt maJm1:1JLL~n~1.J\\\"lle:J.Je:J.Jflt.l1::: ne:J1J~1.J 6J ~.:~n~11i1.:~ bnuvn1:1Ji:IJ~U1 fl~~ ne:JT9lri11~\\\"lfU~U1~~umJ iJ ~ I 'l,l !ilu ul.'l:::tl1:::~m1:1JLUU:IJ1LL~~.JL~:IJ\\\"lle:J.JLL~l.'l:::n1f1Ltlu 'l.l <\\\\j U'd:::bfl'Yll'VIqj 6) 11:1J '0> U1:::bfl'Yl~1\u00a3JrlU ~.Jbb~l.'l::: LL~n~1.J'911ntl1Yiiiu1u~u~u Lb~.Jbb~.J 'VI1e:J1~e:J~:IJ ~:IJ\\\\j1nt LL~:::1~~1:1J11t1fn1Y1m1:1Ji:I\\\"J~u11lu~{]~ x\u2022 I ..... !'I iJ .d .... .... I u1:::m'Yln:IJ\\\"l1Ue:Jt.l bU'VIl.'l1\u00a3J'Yle:J.J'Yl n1:::'9l~n1:::'911\u00a3Jnue:J~ bb~.J1~ rr.:~d'9J:::bV:u1~'911nU11mUYle:J.J~u~ii{j~bb~.J .;..., VI lQ...o'ln1Yrn:::LLclu.'l:::\\\"AlfU~\\\"lle:J.J'V'l11rnVIb:l)I.lJ,c':;Y(Jl'\\\"l.IUIe:\\\"J\u00a3JmL~n~I1.J ~ q,.o ~d.J'V'le:J'91:::~1tV.I l~bQ~..~o.o :~~u 'Yl1 btl \u00b7 LL\u00a3Jm1n{]~t:.lue:J~1.Jbb~.Ji'~ Liu 1u.rnfln~1.J fl1flb'VIUe:J VIQ..o i.l :IJ1n1J1.JUe:J\u00a3J1J1.J nubt.l fl1fl~:::1ue:Je:J mu\u00a3J.JL'V\\\\Ue:J\\\"lle:J.Jti1:::L'Ylf'l1'Yl\u00a3..1 m1:IJ\\\\1.J ~. mUJ~lUb\\\"ll~U11 (Cool coniferus forests) b'V\\\\Ud e:J \\\"1:::Q..o~uu0 1'Yl:::L~ ~ ~uIUe:J.Jftl:.u. ~I::: ne:J1J'~Y' l0~1flQq..<oje:AJ nu... 1I ::: ~Ue:J~'Y\\\\1-:J~n1l.'lm'V\\\\Ue:J1UYle:J.J~~iie:J1n1f'I'VIU11b'Yh~u m m1'VIrt.:~ ~ri11~\\\"lfU~U1bti~\u00a3Ju'911ntl1~~&r~1u1t1Ltlu iiin1Yrn:::LtlmLt11Jn11.JLL~n1:::'911\u00a3Je:J~'Yl1.J~e:JuL'VIUe:J\\\"lle:J.J 'IJ ... u11m~~&r~1u 'VI1e:Jtl1~.:~~u ue:Jn'911ne:J.:~ti't11:::ne:Ju 'Ylit.lmaJ1mL'VIUe:J ~l1t1 Lbl.'l:::Lm~\u00a3..1 ~.Jbb~e:J:::Lbl.'l~m ~.:~miTJbb~1 f111:1Jbb~n~1.Jnu1uL~e:J.J~rn'VIIJiiLL~:::m1:1J LLfiU1~1 Ut11Jn~mh:::L'Ylf'l1u~LL nu~mLi\u00a3..J1t1'9Juii.:~ ~Ui:IJ'I-4''Yllf (relative humidity) lUYle:J.J~U~1.J 6) 'Yi1 (\u00a3.1 I <t .... 1~iiL1\u00a3..J bue:Jritl1ti'Ju1'VIqje:J~1u1~iJL1\u00a3..J tl1\\\"1fu~ilii1~","bdmiEJu'VI1EJ1mu!fi1:n~~ub\\\"l.l1 (conifer) ~um.mm-.:1 'VI~\u20acJUWh bb~~:rlE1-Jr' l~i1~11rnl~b~u-.:~11ir' hfu~ ~ 'VIU1bbUU ~11rnl~~ti1fiqJ l~bbrl ih (beech) Hin tn-JbUU ~U1~~iJ\\\"l.JU1~thUn~1-Jbb~:iJm1~b~1Jl!fi1~b~!J rlU A f( ... (oak) b1J1\\\"ll' (birch) bb~:~1n1\u20acl~U'il (walnut) ~11m1~~ti1fiqJi111~~UJ61f (white spruce) 'VI1mTurieJ ueJm1ndni11~bdEJ~eJu ~-\\\\li1~ueJ~~1u1u bb1J~fl~tl16Jf (black spruce) bb~: u~i'~b'V'IEJ{ (balsam fir) 'II 'II ~1 n1utl1\\\"1J eJ-J~'V\\\\111~l6Jfb1 tJ'ilbb~:tl1t~n~1~b'V'IeJ{- EJ~1um~1n1b'VIUEJ i11~UEJ1bd~tl16Jf (norway 'II 'II bel'~~\u20aclfl (Douglas fir-hemlock) 'Yl1-J\\\"ll'1t'i~-J'il:1u'iln spruce) ~nEJ'ill~U(scotspine) 1u~htl bb~:'Yl1-J 1l1fl'il:1u'ilmQtJ-Jb'VIUEJ\\\"l.JEJ-J1~b6fitJ bb~:1~t'n{\\\".!l' (1arch) 9 Q,, .c:::l. d .c:::l. m. U1~U1U l6JfU\u20acl1J~U (Warm temperate moist 'Yl1-J1l1fl'il :1UEJ El nbo\\\\l.ti-Jb'VIUEJ\\\"l.J El-\\\\11 ~b6Jf!J forests) ~U\u20ac1~~11tl1Ubm1Jl6JfU\u20acl1J~urY-.:~'Yl1-J6fint~n 9 b'VIUmb~:1~ 1um~1 n1b'VIU\u20acli1 \u20acl~'Yl1-J~-J~'VI1~~'Yl1 l!:J. thl~~~~ l6JfUEJ1J~U (Temperate mixed 'II 9 forests) ~uEJ~'Yl1-JCfiEJumn-.:~\\\"l.lEJ-J6fint~m'VIumnEJu bbtl\\\"fr~n 'Yl1-Jrlfl''il:1u'ilmat~-.:~b'VIU\u20ac1 bb~:rlfl''il:1ueJeJn ... 'II ubQtJ-J1~\\\"llEJ-Jm~1 m 1~ 16fibb~U~ \\\"ll'1ti~-J'il:1ueJeJ n l'l-.:~'VI~~ fiEJ1u~11U'ilEJUn~1-J m~1mb'VIUEJ bb~:bm.:n-t~ .,. 1\\\"' .,. 1\\\"' ....bU!J-J Cfi\\\"l.JEJ-JEJEJ~b'il1b~tl 'Yl1-J'il\u20acJU Cfi\\\"l.J\u20ac1-'JU'IJuUbb~:b m'VI.~,. ~11rn1muth\\\"ll'u~di1~1nn--h1h~u1ub\\\"ll'il'VIU11 i1 \\\"' 9 rY-.:~thl~bdEJ~EJU (soft wood) ~-Jbuu1mu'il1:n~ bb~:CfiEJU n~1-J\\\"l.JEJ-Jbb~U~U1VIGJ~u ~ 'II ~11m1~~~hfit!J 1~bbn 1~~u\\\".D'ib~~1-.:~ GJ 1m5n 1~~Ub\\\"l.l1 bb~:thl~bumbiJ'-J bb~: ~fl1 ~ tl~~\\\"l.J El-.:1 \u20ac) El ~b'il 1b~tl 1h1~bdeJ~eJui1\\\"11~ti1fi't!J~\u20acl n~ m1~Cfi~1'VI\u00ad n1 1~~1 n ~1uth1~bdmbiJ'-.:~i1bdeJ1~~i1flrn~~u1i 9","Yl11rn~mutl1'n'U~d~aJ~~:::ijm1:JJ ti1~ru1u'Yl1.J .. 'IJ \\\"' bft''d~~n~n11th~a!brh1~un fi.Jij m1~~Cil~aJbff1 ~a!~u bb~:::thu tf1VJfu1iffeJtJ111tJ1wneJ.J~brh~u ~1n!il111.J~ (i) ~...:JbbaJ':h~~utl1~3Yrt...:~VJ:JJ~ ~ tf111~1utl Yl.ft'. l!l<l.o'o:> (fl.ft'. riJ&<\\\\:>m) bb~:::tl Yl.ft'. l!lclriJ\\\\:> (fl.ft'. riJ&<c;'llm)~:::1n~b~ti...:Jnu bblil~u~~~1bb'Un b~uI'U\u2022u111'Y\\\"\\\"ltJ (dense forests) ~b'U:;u'1 Yl.ft'. l!lclriJ\\\\:> :\\\"JJ' UeJtlnl1~U~~~1bmmuutl1~aJ 1utJ Yl.ft'. l!lclo'o:> mn r1q,.<.:~~iifi'Ibi'i.eJ.:~~\\\"'1nYiIurI1r1~1bbun bUUtl1 ~3! 1uti Yl.ft'. l!lclo'o:> ~~11:JJbeJ1~U~tl11tl\\\"i...:JVJ1eJtl1bbfl'd::: bb n1ub\\\"1T1~tJ~1t1 a,... I ~ d ~a,; I ..\\\" nfi~:JJ~1 tJthYiuijeJr.Jtl1::::JJ1nt 1eJtJ~::: numnnn:JJ1t1Vi~1tl'n'U~ 6Jl'...:J:JJ~n~rn:::bb~:::\\\"llU1~~1...:16J Ylur!r!tJ l!lo \\\"lleJ.\\\"J'YiurI 11~nr!, buur!~uI ri'.:q,~.< VJ:JJ~cubblil\\\"Y' lur!1 r!1 tJnfi~:JJ nu U'IJ1'1l'U~\\\"itijmJ1uci1U~1~Um:JJ1m bbeJ~1m bb~::: ~ 'IJ ~1t1tl1Yiu1~tJbb'r1~1.Jbb~1ijUeJtJn111eJtJ~::: l!lo VJ1eJeJci beJb:ntl~:::iueJ eJ mutJ...:J1~ ~ q,.< \\\"\u2022 'IJ nI q,.. ~ dq,.< Yf'j\\\"Hlt~aJ~tf1~qj ~~bbrl :JJ:::~eJnmu ~~Tf 1:::Vi11.J1eJtl~::: riJc;'ll.riJwt b~ b'Vi11:::YlU'Yl1eJtl~::: l!lo (cedar) bb~:::n1uenf~ (greenheart) 1u~:::~um:JJ1m ~~11:JJbeJ1~U~U1L~eJ:JJ1'Yl1:JJ th1tl1.:~ \\\"1~\\\"1 b\\\"JJ1~tl~1t1 1eJ fi:JJ (okoume) 1mu'n (obeche) 6fiY! (sip) ~~tJ1 ueJm1nd Cil111.J~ (i) \u00a3J.:~~~bbff~.J~i-J1 thriufi1u1VJqj 'IJ ~:::Ylu~~um:JJ1mbVJUmb~:::m:JJ1m1~ ~ htJ bb~::: (lidba) bb~::: bbeJ~1 rlU:JJ::: ~ eJ n n1u 1UbbeJ~1 n1 1U ffVi111Y-~16Jl'bltl!il1ffb~tl fi1u1u'Yl1UbbeJ~1m bb~:::bm:ntl bm:nm1~~bbrl Yl11nt~aJYr:m~1:::n~~a!tJ1.J VJ1eJ ~'Vi- ~ 'll ij'YlfYltJ1n1tl1~3YtJnfi~:JJUeJtJn11:JJ1n b'YleJ11mfY1 (dipterocarp) ~ <1.. U1~ff:JJ~UbbrltJ16Jl'u1eJu .(Tropical moist 1deciduous forests) \\\"\\\"\\\"l\\\"l'UeJ'ItJl\\\"b1 UbbrltJ6Jl'U ''dileJU'Y~l:~JJn0~1b'bIJ~...'i:l J bUU1:::tJ:::b1~1vleJU\\\"JJ1.JU1U boriU 1wileJU1~\\\"lleJ.Jm:JJ1m mi'i.mb~ ::: bbeJmm ci1u~ :::~um:JJ'1m bb~ ::: bm:ntJ ~:::1u\u00ad eJ eJ mutJ...:J1~ 'Vi 11 rn~a!~ ti1 ~ru fi1 u1Vi nJ~ueJ ci'Yl1\\\" beJb:ntl \\\"' \\\"' 'IJ ~:::iueJeJmUtJ.J1~ ~~bbrl ~aJff1~::: (sal) ~a!in \\\"1~\\\"1 \\\\:>. 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I U J ' U i H\u2022f l 1 ' J.l1V~ ! U\u20221u1l IUl lJ\\\" (forest land) tl\u2022 l'll;), U':u'I 't'i.ft. t..&'G>b 1~-.1~~I~V\\\"1'111-.Il\u00a3Jflll1-' .lll~luI U\u00a3JfJV1-:il1-.I'U\u2022f1l1.:j\\\"u'l'JltJIIt't\u2022:1:1:u'Ll!uI'l.1:j l't'i'll:::1-~.l\\\"1'V\\\" l'll1-.llfllu\u2022l1t1't:::11-.ll:::llt\\\"t:::\u2022u1l1'Jl.1.,j-..,l. nl 1 \u2022V a 11-.lmll cs v t1 ~ o .::t d.~ 1 Ycs.t:!!. i1ll11-.lVllt't ::: 'At'iU'dJ.l'.dJ.l.:1t.-.11Ul\\\\!II1-V.IUilfl~1-.lfl~l1lt't::: folll1lU11!1\\\\-II.vI (forest) ':'I llfl'l:::llmUI'Ill1Um\u00a3J 'JIVIUU111-.IIlflfl Ulll'ltll'll;Ju 't'i.ft. tJ:::uu 1um'ltrTn;,il 't'i.ft. t..&'G>b t..&'G>b '111-.ll\u00a3Jii.:, il1num\u00b71-.1fl ihiiu Afl Ul~ii~u1,Junflt\\\"t1\u2022-.llnuwh1fl\u00a3Jt\\\"t::: t..o 'IJfl.:ji{u~ ).2) J! ..::-. ..::i r! QJ t! \\\"\\\"\\\\Jl'JIV V Jl l!flUVll'lllVlll (Antarctic) mUIIt'IUVI (Greenland) llt't:::tllt'ttJl'lVI (Svalbard) 1-.1 !VlUtJ'll1-.II'UlV!l\u00a3.1 \\\"\\\" ',l..fl\u00a3Jt't::: G>5 'UM.Illfl't.'JiUfll'l'llVloQ, ll (Arctic) UvtJ'll1-.lfl~'VI\\\"l\u00a3.1 ct ii1~'ll1-Ju'l:::mfttrl1il'Hur~u'l:::'lll'llu;lu < > 'lifllJt't1l.itr1-.I'J'lw .d l!:J ~u~ih13Jiiiaflu lil111.J'Yl R111~tJ 'V'l.fl. ll:!el~~ R111~tJ 'V'l.fl. ll:!elo~ 111fl'V.r'IU thfiu th Ttl~\\\" ~;)uih'l3i' th't3i' ~;)uih'l3i' .. ..(~ Ll1fi9111 = ~.ll:!el 17) ... ~1ULI1fi9111 mll1mL'VIlla ll:!.d o.d ll:!.d m.f\u00a3 m.d mll1mn~1.:1 o.w ~.~ o.w o.\u2022w ~.o o.o~ mll7ml~ ll:!.d m.d el.m el.w o.el o.f\u00a3w 11:!.11:! ll:!.f\u00a3 LLEJ'Y'l1m o.m (o.om) o.f\u00a3 o.mll:! ll:!.f\u00a3 ~htl m.ll:! el.f\u00a3 m.d m.m o.mm o.ll:! o.ll:!el o.ll:!d f\u00a3,o R'VI111'V'l1\\\"11Lir.J911,RL:fir.J o.ll:!~ el.f\u00a3 o.m Lmir.J f\u00a3.~ o.~~ \u2022\u2022\u2022 tl1::L'Y1f'ILU111fl~ULLtl:fi~n ~.11:! el.w 113J,r_,t~n o.d o.ll:!d ~-~ ~.d ~\u00b7\u00b7 ~.m ...tl1::L'Ylfl.'..Y~ lll~91R'1'VI m 73Jll1n ~.el o.d o.\u00ab 11:!.~ tl1 ::L'Ylfl~ii ~91 R1'VI m 73JUEJ\u00a3J o.f\u00a3el o.\u2022el","n11~~:~1~11~~11u~~~~11~u:~8~U1l~~ ~: ~1~11mnuf-l~~1~~8~m11~~,ru ~1btlu~: ~8 J~11U~~~U~U1l~~mm (per caput) ~8~ ~1~'VI~fil\\\"l1'1Yl(jfi~~1~~f U11~1~UlmUU1 tJ1:\\\"ll'Tnu1u1l1A~u~1~ GJ ~~1~bb~~~lrlu~111~ ~1bbUfi88nl<ii'bUU m U1:b1l~ ~8 ~u1mu~1:n~~u 'IJ ~ l!l ~1n~111~d~:b~u1~11 m~1mb'VIU8 m~1m1~ 1u1~n11fl1b~tJn11 l~bd8ri8u ~u1~~iibb~tl~b~tld ~'VI1l1Yl L\\\"D'bltl~1 ~b:nmb~:tJ1:b~~1u~1U1l1A~u (monocots) ~8 ~utJ1~~bb~:1m~ Gi1'V1fu~u 'lo\/ I 't ~I bbtJ;~ nii~WYlU1l~~8fiU~ ~ ~1U1l1fi~U~U 6) ij tJ1~~,ru bd81m~ii~11u1~m1fi'1 bb~iim1th1tJ1i 'IJ ... ... 1u~8~~u8~u1~ ~1u1m~iin111itJ1:Lt1\\\"ll'U8~1~ U8t1n'J1mn 'V11mtJ~tJUbrlt1Um1Gi111~'t1~~8~Af~ 'IJ f.cl:.8 Yl.~. bb~: Yl.~. l!JclCil'o> bbv~1 bm1~ VI'i.o't.., .., VI \\\":\\\"1 .., (broadleaves) 'V\\\\\\\"1' 8 l!Jclo'o> n11~~11~ bb~:~U b~ bUnd1~ ~:b'VIU ~u~U1l~~8AU~8~~~~11~n'VI18~n1l1A~u~~u8tJ 1u1~n11fl1 b~tlnl1 l~bdmb-IT~ (hard wood) Gi1'V1fu ~V I~ I tJ1:b~~l~tJU1l~~1u1'VIqj~~bi1buu1mun11~ bd8 ~~mn -n~itbu8~~1nm1b~~~8~tJ1:\\\"11'1n18~1~mn bb~:11~b1'1ri~ tJ1:m~8~~1'VIn11~ii~u~~8AU~~ bb-n~ ti1u11~ii~u1~tJ1:b1l~1~bUU~1U1'VI qj nri811 '~ 'IJ i,l I V I n1I 1u\u2022 I1:m~~~\\\"8\\\"\\\"~\\\" ~1'V1n11~U8... t1~1n b18tlI 1~ VI ~~ buUu1f'l \u2022 11 VIb.~...uI1:b1l~.U..U 6) ~I 1U~...UVIb.~..~...~...~bUb\\\"~\\\"tl~b\\\"~\\\" tld\\\"n'\\\"~\\\" n~ ti1'VI1mhb81tJ1m~1~8~bU8l~~8fiUmbrlt1Unu U1l~~1~~~'VI1~mru~uu1mn bb~:u11u1\\\"ll'u18uan ... ~ ~u~U1l~~8f1Ubb~1 tJ1m~1bd8l~bUU~\\\"ll'it~~~~ 'VI~1t1tJ1:m~ b\\\"liu ~ub~tJ tJ1n~mu bb~iibd8~l~mn ~~11~u:~8~~i'Ylti1n1U1l~~8fl11~~8~n11~8~ t nYl8.,~j ~:.~.. ~bf'ul U\u2022u1118\\\"\\\" nu\u2022 1I :b1l~'VI.dU~~8~ ~ t~nl~~n11~1n .... (<too) (ll:lr;no) ll:l'oo ElLlJ1 n1LWI4El {mo) (~o) r;n'o m~7n'1nR'1-3 (\u2022o) tltlo \\\"00 mll7mti lEI \u2022\\\"\\\" \\\"0 LLEJ'W7m dtl tlo ~htl tltlr;n \u2022dtl ,ff'VItn~1'lfL1tJfl1ft'LortJ 'otl fllflltl <too \u2022\u2022 \\\"0 \u2022\u2022'o~o 11:1,\\\"00 tloo ,.,tltlo \u00abo \u2022\u2022\u2022\u202211:1","911mnn.:~~ m d 9l:b~u1~--h ~u~~dJuth 1mun11.:~ ii~J1nn-\u00b7h1h1ir~QJ,-:n~~u bb~:1h1irrt.J ~I \\\\1 ~ .. I ~ d &::1. &::1. ~ V] q., '1.1 U\u20acln911nU 9J:b'VIU b!Ql~\u20acl.Ju1:b1l'Yl:klbU\u20acl'Yl~CilU\u20aclr.J~.Jmn -;hu,-:b'Ylff~ii tJIQJ ~1'VI n1 1:kl:kl1n ii~u~thlaJIQ11: n~ ~' ~ ~u:kl1 nn-hu,-:b'Ylf'friii\u20acJIQ1~1'VI n11:k!U\u20aclr.J b~11:1ir ~ IQ1 1: n~~ut1 m.i1:kl1btlu1ml~U\\\"ll \u20acl.J1,-.J.J1U\u20acl!Ql ~1'VI-~ ~~ ~ n11:klmnn-h1mun11.:~ \u20acJd1.:~hn~ eJIQ111m,-1ilir 1u n1'1.:~1u1.:1 n1 1\u20acJIQ1~1'VI n1 1:kl nb~:ki~UtJUb~m.J 6J ~~ 911nm11.:1~ ~ ~u~1hriu (~:kiunl1) ~.:~iitJd ~~ ..., ..' tl1:1J1m ..LU., fl.r.l' tl1:1J1~1 LUflrl LdeJ1mu~u 1uth1tl~\\\" LdeJ13J .L'1J1r.l.1Jrlt.J'VI:IJ., 1uth1tl~\\\" 1uthYiu 5>00 ~1U m:IJ1mL'VIUfl ~mo nlmm lEJ 5) m:IJ1mmn.J 5>elo m:IJ1m1~ elmo m~o elnio CE'o LLfll'l1m 5>CE'O ~htl CE'oo m,5)oo l!J~ ~ ,H'VI1l1Yi 1'1fL1!..1~1HL;a!..l 5>5>el el~ Lmi!..l ~0 l!Jo tl1::LrlHli.!.~1'1.ULtJon~n l!Jel 5>0el (moo) flb:IJA1fi1L'V\\\\AUfl (5>,ooo) m:IJ1mn~1\\\" tl1::\\\"lnmlutJ . . m:IJ1m1~ Yi.H. l!Jel5>m ~ntJ1HnL:IJ~1 ~ntJ1Hm:IJm LLfll'l1m ~1UflU '\\\\J ~htl .ieJflU l!Jk:lnl .ieJflU H'VI1l1Yi1'1fLi!..lm,HL;a!..l (tl1Yiu) (~~utl1ltl~.J) ~m Lmi!..l l!Jelo ~0 -~- tJ1::LrlHLU~1ULLtJiR~n ~0 eloo mel~ CE'~l!J eloo mo nlo ml!Jel l!JCE'm l!Jel l!J,5>m kJ moo l!!o l!Jo -~ m5>el eE' elo m,nll!Jm ~el ~0",".: thR11i1'HU.:: thLEJn'lfU 11ll1h~-3\\\"Rfl-31h::L11'Yl f11fl'Vfl.l. tJ)OO tJ)OO AA G)OO G)OO EJL:IJ'ln1L'VI'IUI m:~J1mmn-3 tJ)OO m:IJ1m1~ LLEJ~1m ~htl .H'VIf11Yl1'li'Lif.Jf,l'lHL~ll LEJL'lfll doo i~1~n~11lrlu~eJu~\\\\~bb~Ti1 tl1m~\u00b7-adeJ13! ~1~ GJ 11[J~1U:IJ1 bUUU1\\\"1JEl~f~'VI1atl1R11i11nt:: ~ eJfiUbtlui\\\"llu~~'l~b~u~~a-:IJ,. 1t1u:\\\"ll eJ~'Ylfowr.n n1 (Public Forests) b\\\"R'[J1~EJ[J~:: rlrl bb~::b!\\\"uI'Uu.'11\\\"1JE!~ u11m~~ n-l1 n1 1bbR~~eJ e1 n\\\"ll eJ~bdeJ~u11a!~eJ\\\"u bEJn\\\"liU (Private Forests) b0\\\"W'[J.J1~EJ[J~:: l!:Jm 'lU'\u00a51\\\"1'tl ~1b~\\\"ll1um11~~ (\/. btlum1tl1:d:Jutl1m~1bdeJ13! r11 1tl1~[J~1U11:1J iJU1R11i11nt::a~~El[J~:: crrl bb~ ~ ~elf!U1'W11fi~U~1~ GJ \\\"llel~t~n brieJ~9l11nt1111fi~U l' ~~bU~[J'\u00a511~~t 1tl~::1uaanntrubtlutl1R11i11nt::~.J ~1~ GJ bb~19J:b~u1~11 m:~J1m'l~iltl1m~1bdeJ1a!~eJ ~EJ[J~:: &<cr ~1u~11~~::1u~mtlutl1R11i11nt::b.~[J.J tl'UR ~~R~~~ (\/.oo ~ nU1~rlb:IJ~1 1el~~~1 tJn1~bbrl ~El[J~:: mer b'Yhitu [j~LU'YllUbm~[J~1[Jbb~1 U1ribtlU ~9 ~' tl1:b'Y1~1u~1Ubbtl~Yln ~~ileJ~flu~:mi)(\/. ~nu1~nb:1Jm n11:1J~'Ylt\\\"lleJ~beJn\\\"lluilua[Jmn 'VI1nUU11:1JbEl1U1\\\"1JEJ~ ~~ u~: .. ..U1::b'Yl~R11i11ntf~tl1::\\\"111\\\"11U~Ub\\\"ll1:1J1~1[J 1UR'VIf~ 1 \\\"' \\\"' ..R'VI1110W \\\"1H1[J~1Rb\\\"1H..I moo ~nu1~m:1J~1 9~ t tm:IJ1A n1bb:IJ~9J:::\\\"IJ'.u'I1'Y.dl tl ~n\\\"lJl' u ~[J 1.J.J1U~~R1'VIn11:1J m:~J1n1b'VIUeJ l!:J(\/.o ~ nU1fJrlb:IJ~1 ~1u1Ubm~[Ji] tl1:1J1~1bU\\\"eJ1a!l?'l'lR~~b~[J~ l!:lo ~nu1~rlb:IJ~1~elf!U 9~ 'VI1El\\\"111111\\\"1111U1:1J1n bb~u113JnrT~btlutl1R11i11nt:: Rtl~~1b~\\\"ll~bbR~~\\\"ll1~~u1~~El~1:1JU1:\\\"111n1 1 1 \\\"' \\\"'m-'!1E~J[J~:; rlm RI 1U UR'V11110W \\\"1H1[J~1Rb\\\"lW \\\"Alf.J 9 \\\"lm~1s:m1utJ ow.~. l!:J<l(O)m 'VI1n-;Jd'ieJm:IJtl1\\\":\\\"111n1\\\" tJntl1eJ.J~1\u00a3Jtr'YlifN~tl:IJ'fu.J:IJ L\\\"lim~m nutj'Ub~U~Ub'VIqi t\\\"lleJ~ ~n'lu~uI ow.~. l!:lc:ll!:lc:l s.dn~:\\\"IJ' EJ~tol.t.J cr,(\/.c:lcr ~~1Uf!U \\\"\\\"U.9,.JU :.,.I\u2022J'IulR11il1nt::tl.s~1E~l[J~:; i)OO '.,Y. lb.,~. [Jd 'l 'U'\u00a511 bb~1 tl1:1J1~1bdeJ1a!~eJfiU\\\"llEl~ hn ~~ileJ~ ~(\/. bbEJY-l1 n1 nitu1li1 Ul Rl1i1 d rn:: :IJ1 n ~.Jfe) [..I~:: rl &< ~~ ..~1ULUtl1::b'Y1~1'Yl[JtJ113JbtlU\\\"lleJ.Jf~bL'Y11J~.J'VI:IJ~ bl'Ubb~ ~nu1~nL:IJ~1\\\"UU el19Jhl~.J ceo ~nU'l~rlb:IJ~\\\"''VI1eJ ~\\\" ~ thm:IJ~111tJ~1[JU1LL~::th 1JJ1 n~n1.J~tl1::\\\"111\\\"11U ua[Jn11un1~ \\\".Jlr.JIVU1J1cUvbb~9JI ::bOW~:IJ\\\"XlJU fl1'UJ ff'rl fi\\\"1'U i h, , j ' tl ~n\\\"lXJU I .. '1 .. 'I ~ L\\\"li'U u1[J1.JOW111 u1RU tl,-::~vr'Ylf u1n1::ilurTn,; Ul[Jm~tl~a- ~~~ n11:1J~'Y1t1u~u~u11a! 1Xu11btlu\\\"lla:IJ~~bbR~~ ~ nr'n fJlfl1ih ,~uth~!'rl ft,'rlfJ ~ ..1~'Yl11u~.Ja-1111:'Y11.Jb~,.,. ~ n9Jbb~: \u00ab~tl:IJ\\\"ll e1.Jtl,.:b'Yl~ tl1::m~1'Yl[J~.Jel~LUb\\\"ll~~El'U U11aJ~1U1'VIqibtlU ' t l ~1I ..J ') b'YI l1.o'<::lYl lel.~.Jtln11el'l'VI11Lb~::LmY~1bb'VI.I JR'VI 1::\\\"111- tl113J'lu ni1~ m1i1uu ntl,-\u00b7::Ln'Yltl11m~1J.ieJ1\\\"V ~lbii.U1EJ[J~l:IJbbUU\\\"lleJ~~n1~n~::1u~n ~~mJ~u11a! \\\"111~1~ti1119JllbrieJU ow.~. l!:Jc:lo'o> (~~111-J~ '->) .4\\\"'1E!Elnb~uI'Ut) 1::b11'Y1~1::QflRU 'VI\\\"1E\\\"l1L\/:I)Jb~U~E!'ElElU \\\"lf.J:IJ 1J tl11n~111u~1u1u~u\\\" ri'u1 m,(O)oo ~1U~b~nmf'VI1a tl1::1J1nt~El[J~: rlcl. \\\"llEl.J~u~tl1\\\"1JEl.Jt~n~tl1::b'Ylfl b1[J1bbf1Ub'VIii aubii:IJ bb~::u11u ni1--1 bb~1~~lbbun","YlJ\\\"J\\\"tl.I.L~~~hfi'r.u... L~bbrl n:::uln tJ:JJ'VIEJ:JJ EJ1Jb\\\"lHJ <il:::b\\\"f1tJU m-.:1 \\\"lf:JJbbYlJ\\\"n <il:::bbtJn n~mml AEJU'YlAU~ uuulf1 11 vru~l rlEI Ylqjll~ ~..:J<illiil nltJlU 'VI~:JJYlEI b~lJ:JJ \\\"1~\\\"1 ~. thf-Hl~1WH1'lJl1~tH1Jqj'il'Vl'.i 'HlJ (Mixed deciduous forests) ~ua~~1~LU'Yll..:Jfllf1~b'V.IUEI 1llf1mn..:~ bbiil:::1llf1 <il:::'fuaamutJ..:Jb'VIua :iJbuaritJJ\\\":::mn~. il ~lumnmf 'Yll..:J1llf1b'VIua:OI.~in~utJ:::tJua~~11.tJ1utll\\\"lfu~ d'Yll..:J1llf1niill..:Jf1..:J:iJEJ~Ul..:JlU1Jl..:J't1EJ..:J~ b\\\"JiU ~nllli..'..ilU- ~ u1 ~1U1llf1<il:::1uaamutJ..:Jb'VIumf1tJ:iJI.~in~ua~ul..:J 1~ lU~..:J'VIl~\\\"lJEIUbbrlU 'VIUEI..:JflltJ bb~:::Uf1J\\\"YlU:JJ bb~U'il'ilUU 1 uubbrt tJ:JJ~u m~~~l bn~~bb~..:J <il:::bbun tJJ\\\":::~ tJa <u :JJ:::nan bbf1 Ub~l ~uun 1:JJn bb~..:J \\\"1iil\\\"1 uamlnd ir..:~ ~ :OI.mf.J\\\"lfu~~l..:~ GJ ~n~1t1 \\\"\\\"\u00b7 1hu~'l (Dry dipterocarp forests) XI ~~ \\\"1JUEI~'Yll..:J1llf1 n~l..:J 1llf1b'VIUEI bb~:::1llf1<ii:::1UEIEI n th :::b1l'Yl\\\"ll EJ..:Jth 1~tJ~ EJ &rm~Hll.:::\\\"IJEJ-.:1ltJbtltu nn~.-.1-h bUtJ..:Jb'VIUEI 1llf1<il:::1uaa mutJ..:Jbwua:Oul\\\"lfu~dm n~tl~ 1 btluth:::b1l'Yl~L:!J~..:Jl1J ~El btluth~..:J~1J (evergreen) bbiil:::Ulth:::b1l'Yl~..:J1u'VI1m.J&r~1u (deciduous) b-riu ~a:Oa~fatJiil::: G'l\/o- ~o \\\"llEI..:JUl\\\"lfU~~l..:J 6J 'VI1EJ ~ tllb~-.:~1..:~ \u2022udI \\\":::JJltl.l. ~o ~\\\"l' Ube1n<ill1~ Ull~~~hflqj\\\"lJEI..:Jlh:::b'Ylffl'YllJ (~~ljl..:J~ G'll) YlJ\\\"J\\\"tl.I.L~~~hfi'qJ L~bbri n1l1 b~tJ..:J ml~ Yliil1..:J YlEJ'il:::~lbmnaanl.~btlu l!l t.h:::b1l'Yllm1J 6J ~EJ 6Jlln n:::un ~:::bbunul ~unit~ b~..:J 1-.:~ tJJ\\\":::~ '1-'l:::r.JEJ:JJ n. Ulth:::b1l'Yl~L:IJ~&r~1u 'II \\\"ll. tllth:::bn'Yl~~&r~1u :JJ:::f1lbb~ J\\\"nvh tl:JJmb~..:~ na\\\"lfu~~l..:~ GJ \\\"1iil\\\"1 'illntlll1..\\\":'~ l!l th:::b1l'YlYlEJ'il:::~lbmnaam1Jwnu~ 1'VI qj 6) ~.~~i{ (Tropical evergreen forests)","d... .u.1l1 l~tJ'W\\\"lolfldlJ (Mangrove forests) ~Ufl~bU~~Ub~U1lJ'Yl::b~ bb~::~llJUl nJlb'VIWs:J .d A ~ c:u X d ~ Q..o .... a, cv sn ..J:IJUl'Yl:::b~\\\"li'I-Hh'l bU-;J..J'VIl~ll1f1~:::--me:m mb~:::.nlfl ~b~...:.1.Jb\\\"\\\"\\\"Utl\\\"'Y''.lIu1::::1Jlnl. m'o>~,ooo ..be1n~11 \u00b7vn1ru.L~~~lfi't!J L~bbn bb~:w 1n..Jm..J u1:::in ~ud:J~ 'VI~:IJ'Y'le:J'Yl:::b~ ~:::uu \\\"1~\\\"1 ~ 'IJ <!i. 1hN'U (Pine forests) U1::::1Jlnl. (i)m'o>,ooo bfln~lf 'Y'l11ru.l.~~~1fi't!J:rib~tJ..J !:J -nu~ ~tl ~.~~u~e:J..J1u u~:::~u~1:w1u ~1uL~bdt~rit~u-nU~~urT..Ji.aJ:riml:w ~lflq)bU\\\"llnl.:::d ~U~Ub'VI~ld 1J1..JYlTl~Ut1~1uth~U~lU U~:::1u Ul..Jbb'V~~I..Jm.:\\\"d::\\\":,ll.ul u.:.:l:uucnvu\\\"b':I~Jn\u2022e:J 'IJ '1-'l~l..J b~~..J bb~:::1a..,...J b'AVItJ..J b. u_IIlU<''I~ 'VI\\\"'H' lu_IIl'Vfl (Fresh water swamp forests) ' ~Utl~bu~~:riJ1~WiJ..Jt1~~~t1~U ~lU1mlit~~ 'Yl1..J.n1f1n~'IlJ..Jbb~:::.nlf11~ bb~n:'IJribdt~~l.a.Jmnun b~\\\"tJ..'IJJ U1::::1Jlnl. f!'l1~,ooo bflnmf 'Y'l11ru.L~~~1fi'ru L~bbn ~e:Ju m:::r1:wJ1 m:::1~u \\\"'Su'YJU~Jl ~ n1:::b1Jl rl1Ub'VI~tl..J brltJ::: 1~n tlUbn11 ~. 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