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J ~~~~ b~~fltJ'Yl\\\"..Jf ~UflItJ1~1\\\"J~b\\\"1' 1 ~tJ b6JfiiU~ (seminal) ~~~~1n\\\"li11 1~~b~1qJb~U 1~1Jl bU~1::1'IJu1::tJ::~~~~1ntl ~.ff. ~~~<a bUU~U:IJ1 bU\\\"'t~~' \u2022uI1:::1J1nt ~-CO>o \\\"\\\"J\\\"U 11mn11~::~t~n..~f U18U 6) ~\\\"fl \\\"\\\" \\\" 1 abbfl::~~~~f\\\\~8~~11 ~~111b\\\"~b,~::I.J.f~U~1n~bU~uI ~.ff. ~~a tJ~1tJ 6J 1u1::~u1~~u~utl1::mrn CO>-l!:J U1 11nm11 ~~1tJ1't~mrh - bb~::1utl~.ff. ~clod uu11bUUUbb1n~ d brlm~1qJb~u1~b~:IJ~~::bb~t~t~n1tl1~mt~utl1:::1J1nt CO>OO b6JfU~b:IJ~1 bb~::bb'Yl~~n~~1tJ1U~UbbU\\\"J~~tJ1\\\"J:IJ1n ~~~~~\\\"li111~~1Ji'b~:IJ~uii~1::~u CO> ~1Ub:IJ~1niu 16.dJf~81~tJ1.1.m moo b6JfU\\\"~\\\"b:IJ~1 11n~t1~~\\\" TJ ~~b!u\\\"I U bb~::~~~~~rr~b~:IJ~ub~t~tJ \\\"l bbaJI.uu~~uud 1 0 91 'i .! fll1111UlHl\\\"l.l11 A'n~'t1H'nqfl}tflltf~1 \\\"li111~~~ni~~1~U'Yl1~~tlmtff1~~f ~~d ... ...... .d 1::UU11mlt~tJ (fibrous root system) Ufln~1n11n \\\"J~ff (Family) n11:1JU8 (Gramineae) 6Jf~1\\\"J:IJ ~1nm~1 1m~ bb~::lf'qJ~\\\"lf~u \\\"l ~t~~L~~Ubb~'J rT~ii11n~~b~rtm (brace root) ~~ ~~ I ~ \\\"J~ff6'tJIfltJ (Sub-Family) .u. 1I UA~fltJ~..:f::I.lA. 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'IJ 'IJ ~ n~~h~uiu bbGl::~:: CL.<o 1)..1 ,d AQ..ot CL.<o I CL.<o m~~Eln~u..J~::~EJ1..1bnt'f'd (anther) m m...1 bbifiGl::EJ1..1 ternode) l.I1)G..1lEJ..Jdb~UE~I'V'AlU~U~::oi~Ci \u2022 6) tn1\\\"lX..UVIbU'Yl1..Jcu~lj,.1.l U1.1Gl1\u00a3..1 ~::\\\"~\\\"b 'dnl.b nt'f'd (pollen grain) .uI'd::~1nl. l!:J,<loo b\\\"~'~ flm.J Q;~ g,..o\\\\11 \\\":lntbnt'f\\\":ifi1\u00a3~JblJoU~lU1U~iill\u00a3..1 <il-\\\\IUU\\\"lll1 1~0 lU1Uu'.Id::~lnt ~-l!::Jo .u1ii\\\"lf'i..J Y..f,\\\\.U..I.\\\"..l.ll1 'V'l~It'f1U~ln 'V'l<iilJ<ilU~,Ud-\\\\,1:~:-t\\\\AI~b ~ 'IJ 'IJ 0 1)..1 .-::1~ ,ci I G.oo 6\\\"~,:::i I ~1'1-t bbGl::t'f1~1'dt11.1~11tl1~nGln11 l!:J,ooo b~ifi'd Gl1111Ut'f~~t'fb\\\"l..\u00a3..11 bbifi1..11..J'V'IU1i~t'f~1..J ~ ~1U~EJn~1biJ\u00a3JEJ~'d1~rlUbUU\\\"lfEJ bll~~UifiEIU\\\"llEJnGl1..J6) \\\"ll111'V'l~bb111nna1~~1mXn ~1U~1nhhbifinnEJ rY..Jd bb~1bbql\\\"lfU~~ufbbGl::~..Jbn~~EJ~ \\\"ll111'V'l~~bbifinnE~ 0 11.1 V .d: ~ I '1.1 IA CL.<o 6\\\" CL.<o Gl1ifiU ifiU~U..JEJ1~~~Gl1\u00a3J\\\"li'ElbbGl1bbifi\\\"lfU~'V'lU1i ~tl n1111 ~ 1~ m-er ~U b\\\"lfU \\\"ll111'V'l~~11U \\\"ll111'V'l~~l.IGln b~\\\"\\\"\u00a3JbbifIiGl::~EJnu\u2022'dI::nEJ1..1~\\\"1\u00a3' J'd....,JVIb\\\"l..I (ovary) bbGl::b\\\"t'f'UVIm~ 1u~\\\\Y..Jn111::~1..1ti1'Yl::bGl~1n 6J EJ1~bbifinnEJ1~~..Jb'bIJql (silk ~'\\\"d'El style) 6..J! l'\\\".\\\".J~f111~\u00a3..11.1Iu'd::~1nl. <l-ri><l \\\"'G'N-fi)o ifiU b6Jl'U~lb~ifi'd bbGl::~u1.1Gl1\u00a3Jt~~EJEJn11.111~nubtlun1::~n 1u \\\"ll11l'V'l~iib1..1\u00abn1Yru::m11 fi~1\u00a3Jfi\\\"lfl111::nGl EJfi!fi'd..J1.ll.'l1\u00a3J\\\"lfEJ~EJn~..JiJbti~EJn~~EJ~ ~EJnwmd'V'l1EJ~. i.l \\\\J ,CO CJ cu I tI I. ~GTTn11tl tl1::nEJ1..1~1\u00a3J ~111..1 m1..111..1 bbi.'l::biim11..1 .A CL.<o 6' d CL.<o Vjl)..ld '11 Vj 'Yl~::~t'f~'V'IU1i ~'dEJ'd1..1Gl::EJEJ..Jbnt'f'd b~b~Elbt'fU b~~ ~Gl ~' \u00abn1Yru::\\\"l..EJ..JL1..1'd1~rY..J~\\\"l..EJ..J11..1bbifinqi1..Jnu11.1 bb~1bbql EJEJn~1 ~\u00ab..J~1n1~f1..1m'd~t'f~b~u1 ~~~::bb~..Jb~\u00a3..11 \\\"lfit~\\\"l..EJ..J~uf 1..11..J~uf11..1thiim 1..11..J~uf11..1ti~1..J~ bbGl::f..J1'lib~1qJb~1..1111lbUUb~~~ \\\"lfEI~Eln~1biJ\u00a3J~f1..1m1 ~~ ,bbGl::1..11..J~uf11..1Gl1\u00a3J ~1u1u1wib\\\"lfub~\u00a3..11 nuE11~iJ i.l .A I ..,,. 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'1 .c:l \\\"Vll1~I p~f..l~n11~~:1J'Y'Ql..o'U~~ (reproductive bU 1~f..I~Ul stage) b~Ul'\\\\ii:IJ\\\"lleJ~~e:JnilLiif..l~~ 1~~YruLtl~e:JnV::IJ (hu sk) \\\"lle:J~~n Yl1'eJ:IJY' l~~ fu~~e:Je:J~bn~1 i.~ll1f..l 9 1u A' ~ 1~ .A' V tl1~mru (\/.(\/.-bo iu'\\\\iltr~~1ntl~n '\\\\iltr~~1ni.~fum1 (seed dormancy) L:IJm:IJ~~LLmnuLm.JlLL~l ~1:1JT'Hl 'IJ 1-hi.th.J~ni.~L~f..l Lriml:JL:IJ~~~~i.tl1u~u L:IJ~~~~~e:Jn ~~:1Jbn~1bb~l f~hJ~~b~1 qJ n~1muub:1J~~~e:JULL~~ 1~~Yru~'IJ1~u LL~~1uLL''mfl~e:'Je:Jn1~h~'Wl1f..l1utl1~mru l:IJ~~lln Yl1'e:J:IJ~~~l fllJL ~ml~ll1f..l1Utl1~:1J1lli a:'-b iu (1~f..l~~ (0)-l!J 1utn'Y'l) ~e:J:IJ11U1~f..l~~ m a:'(\/. iu (1~f..l~~ ~ 1un1Yl) '\\\\iltr~n11~~:1Jm~1","1 \u2022: H_,i1'U\\\" l11~'YIVI'lf'~UVIV' IH ('illi1'1\\\"flU11I1U_1'IJ11) '\\\"Ul1!~'Y1VIllv1!1'1dJ~ 'U\\\" l1!'~Y1VIllv11J1J '\\\"Ul11~'YIVIll1l'U '\\\"Ul11~'YIVI!I_'IU~ '\\\"Ul11~'YIVI\\\"'Ul1!ll'U\\\"' U1 !ltl ::: '\\\"Ul1 ~I'YIVII~'I1 0 \u20220 (m) -ir111Y-IIil'VI11U (sweet corn) ii~f' ll'Yl\u00a3..11- G>. fll'HllUlHl'flH't'H)fl'HftltJVI'i nT':i\\\"ii1bbU n t\\\"' I d fi\\\" ft1~~111 6Jl' b:IJr.J~ bb\\\"ll'flfl111'Yl1 bbuudt'i mfl1~m~Hll.~\\\"llehlbbU..:Jbb~~bU~fl n~:JJb:IJ ~lilbUU (Zea mays sac ~ charata) Ur.J:IJU~nnumh..:Jbb'W1'VI~1r.J b~flf1JU1~'Yl1U 'VI~n ~1bbUnflflmtlu 1;1 \\\"ll'Uiil ~fl 'IJ ~ ' ifn~lil b'W11~ifniitb~1~mn .Yh1~ii1~'V111u bi:imbn (~) -ir111Y-llil~'J1,\/1J (dent corn) ii~f' l'Yl1-\\\\ll'Ylt.n- b~:IJ~'VI1mb~..:Jb:IJ~Iil\\\"ii:::'VIIil~1b~r.J1\u00a3iu bdEJ..:J\\\"i11nJ1~1~1aJ 6\\\"' I .c:l 6\\\"' A ff1tH1111 6Jl' b:IJr.J~ f1Ubli!U'Yl1'Yl1 (Zea mays inden ~1:1J11mu~r.JUbUUbbU..:J1~ (11r.J~~bar.Jiil~1Ub~fl..:J-i111 tata) b:IJ~IillilflUUUii1flr.J~:IJ bdfl..:J\\\"ii1nlilflU1JUiibbU..:J 1Y-llil'VI11Ubb~~ -iJ111Y-llilifn~ flU) ~flUbb~~lilflU-ir1..:J 6J bUUbbU..:J\\\"ll'Uiilbboll..:J brifl~1m:IJ~Iil1~ (<i.') -i1111Y-lli!k1 (pop corn) ii~fll'Ylr.Jlff1~~f bb~..:J bbU..:J~flu\\\"ii~r..~u'VIIil~'J~..:J ~..:Jbnlil~n~rn~~1uu ~~ ,a ff' a r ~a 11 6Jl' b:IJr.J~ flb1fl1'Yl1 (Zea mayseverta) b:IJ~Iil:IJ\\\"l..U11il ~..:Jn~11 \\\"l..U11il\\\"llfl..:J~1~u m1:1Jij..:l b'VIi:iflu-il111Y-~Iil11 flf1Wn1..:Jb~n iibbU..:JU1~b1l'Ylbboll..:Jfld1u Jl1r.JUflnV:fl~:IJ ~1 6) 1u ~\\\"llfl..:Jb:IJ~Iilfl1\\\"iibUU~\\\"ll11 ~b'VI~fl..:J 'V11fl~~Us:J \\\\1 1g.. ct 11 ~ Q..OVjq., bb~1bb~vruf ur..~:JJu~miu:JJ1n1u~wr~m:JJ1m ~d A. <v A d d lil1r.Jbr.Jfl'Ylb'VIUr.J'Jbb~~r.Jiil~1 blil b:IJ~Iil:IJfn1:1J\\\"ll'UJl1r.J U ~ 'IJ ... ' fld'Wfl~:JJm1 brlmmm1:JJfflu\\\"ii~bnlilbb1..:J~un1r..~1ub:JJ~Iil (l!l) -ir111Y-IIil~1bboll..:J (flint corn) ii~fl'Yl1-\\\\l 'IJ 'IJ tr' I .c:l ff' A A Q..O ~ ,:::iQ..O ,C:I 0,..0 A 1~b1Jiilm flfl nm b:IJ~Iilfl1\\\"ii:IJ ~ n~rn~ n~:IJ'VI1 fl'VI1bb'VI~:IJ 1'Ylr.J1ff1~~111 6Jl' b:IJr.J~ fJUiil11'Yl1 'IJ (Zea mays in durata) b:IJ~Ii!:iibbU..:Jbboll..:JV:fl~:IJ11ilr.J1fl1J ~1b1r..~u1a.Juu n1~ n~~1-\\\\l 6) nu b\\\"liu b'VI~fl..:J \\\"1111 3J1..:J ....,. ' ~~ (cl) -iJ111Y-IIil-ir11b'VIUr.J1 (waxy corn) :IJ\\\"ll'fl b:IJ~IilflfJU-iJ1..:Jn~:IJ nu~miumn1ubm~mb~~m:JJ1m1~ I '\\\\J 'iL<' i ; g... -i1111Y-~lil11\\\"llfl..:J1'Ylr..~Yiur..~:JJu~nnumibiJu\\\"ll'u~i~ ih1..:J ~u 'IJ 'IJ (Zea mays","ceratina) b3J ~ <il iJ bb tf.J ~ e:J Ufl tr1 mb tf.J :JJu Gf1 tJ ::'VI \u00ab.J Ur..~aJtJ&mb~e:J f1JtJ1::rnmlnti<iifltr1r..~-i1T\\\"J1Y-~<ii'VI11u ~ bb~baJ~<i!U'aJ 1tie:J1e:Jt~ 1~~<i!Yru bbir';J::1~'VI11Umn \\\" ~~ I Q..oo I d q,..o I dA b3Jfl<i13JtiW11.J 6J nu b\\\"lfU b'VIfle:J-:1 \\\"1.111 tiaJ 3J1.J 'VI1e:J3J 'VIfl1t~*lu~m~mnu ('t>) -i1111Y-l<ilbbU.J (flour cor'n) iJ~e:Jl'Ylr.J1ff1tiWif At111 \\\",1c:!i' b3Jr~.Jti e:J::aJ flb\\\"Dd 'r.J (Zea mays amylocea) b3Jf\\\"l<' il tJ 1:: n e:J1JJi'1r..~u U.J\\\"lfit<ii ~ e:JU3J1 n baJ ~<ilfi e:JU-i11.J nflaJ i'11~111J 'VI1e:J1J1Jb~nue:Jr.J Ur..~aJtJflnlumaJ~n11~ ..\\\"1 9 ~ A Q..<o A A .c::f A e:Jb3J1n1fifl1.J bbfl::::ti'VI1~e:Jb3J1n1 \\\"lf11e:JUb<iir.JUbb<ii.JUr.J3J ufln1111JtJ1::::'Yl1udJue:J1'V111 ~ I A fi' A ,c::fca,... 11 \\\"1!' b3Jr.Jti 'YlUm (Zea mays tunica) 3Jfln'l!l'rn:::: ~ 1ntrb~r.J.J-i1111Y-~<il~ui1h iJ~1~Ubbfl::~m~nn:h-i1111Y-~<il 9 li113J<i11 \\\"l.IU1<iibaJ~<ilfie:JuiJ1.Jb~mrh 6J n1Jb3J~<ii-i1111Y-~<il A~ d ~ \\\" cv.c::f d n'V~IaJ~ne.:cJt ~d 3..1\\\"1.11 bufl e:J n'VIaJ'YlmaJ fl<il bbfl::r.J.JaJb Ufle:J n\\\"lfu'VIU.J 99 ' 9 mi:le:Ju-i1111Y-~<iili113J<il1rl1 6J 1tJ baJ~<iiiJ\u00abn'l!l'rn::~1.J 6J nu (<ii1u-i1111Y-~<ii~ui1hlu'VIu1 't><\u00a3) -i1111Y-~<il\\\"lfit<iid ..~~ 9 ' 1~iJm1aJthfi'ru'Yl1.....:Jbff1'1!1-~n';J ufln11bfie:Jm1~n'l!l-1 ~ b'llafln-Ha.~l.3-lar;) ,,._,.{!1-~-------- 'Lubiit~~:~&iu~flU (seed co~t) (scutellum) ..fuma.~biifl'lu ( aleurOne layer) - - - - - - - - - - fuba.l~61 (caruncle)","1: }Hfil'\\\"I'J11'1\\\\\\\"'1'WI'l~i'U~'VIH (11lll\\\"\\\"'l'lUIllll_l!'U11) '\\\"U' l1!'\\\\\\\"VI~IT1UVI'vUiil' lfl\\\"' (H_'filf.l; G>-b) '\\\"U'l1!'V\\\\\\\"I~IT1UVI'Uivii:l'llfll:f:IJ (H_'filf.l; ~-<>') \u2022 1\u2022'\\\\1 ~- m'l;llmm~llJl'~tJtl'l~il~ri''UB~m'lu~n 'VQ'Jf\\\\.Uti!''\\\\J1I 11 't1 VI fl1-;J~1bbunm:m1~bUU cr \\\"D\\\"u~ ~fl 'I\\\"1i11t~~Y1'uu:1Jtl~nnufl~'t1' 1 6J 1tl fl1-;J~1bbun ((i)) \\\"1i111~~1ib:IJ~~ (grain corn) tl~m~fl viufl~btlu l!l ~1n1'VItl} 6J ~fl ~ \\\" l'}i.l:--1 Q..oOf{ 6' A o 1fil\u00b7 'tv'fJ..!! ~~flNillJ (hybrids) U\\\"\\\"ti:I.JIu~n UU1::b'Ylfl b 'V\\\\1 fl'Yl1nlJb:IJ~~bbn b\\\"lfbu,Ufl1'VI11~Cfl1bb~:::IJU1!~1-tl PI~- ~1'VI n11:1Jflti'1.Jf\\\"\\\"lU '.Yd.lc1. 'Yltl1 'Uv 'Y~l.J.U:'bAUfl.J 1 mb~1 n11'Yl1.Jn11b n1!1-~1b-;J .c. 1~m (\\\"l!l) \\\"1i11t~~'VIaJn (silage corn) tl~m~fli~ \\\";11 n\\\"1i11 t ~~~1 ndiJ m1tlf1Ji1b\\\"1i1n1J~ --:~bn~~fl:IJ ~u~~:IJ1'V13JnLibUUe:J1'VITH~-~1 1:J~ 'VI1mtl~t~mbtl11tlm:IJ~.Jbbl~~e:J:IJ b\\\"liu 1:J1~ (m) \\\"1i11t~~fl1'V111i~1 (fodder corn) tl~n 1ti1:Jm~t~--:~~fl 1:Jih~~1\\\"1f~\\\"lf :nJ11:J~f) \\\"1i11t~~ ~ ~ v ... b~'e:Ji~~u~~1tJ1ib~tJv --:~i~1 ~1nu-;J::1~~~~~~1:J~ ue:Jn-;J1niru n111i\\\"1i11l~~ (cr) \\\"1i11t~~~mJflU (baby corn) 1utl1::b'Ylfl ~ n~~:IJ-;J::~fl.J~m:IJ~~1'VI:iJ:IJ1tl~n'Ylntl b~11::t111i 1'YltJUtJ:IJtl~m~m nlJ~neJflU1tJ1,nUn11U1.Je:J1'VI11~ ~ ~~ ~' (11tJ~::batl~eJ1Ub1fl.J\\\"1i111~~~neJflU) b:IJ~~b n1b n1J-;J1n1 1-;J::n~1t~viuiltl '' ~' \\\"1i111~~~n~~:IJfl1-;JbUU~1n~n~~:IJb~m (single t \\\"\\\"tJ \\\"\\\" tl 1:: .. flti1.J~U<Vli\\\".l. ...l. 11 ~~'Yl ~m~m<V~tl ~~ ~ ~ ~' ~ --:~vm~I ~:: I 'VI1flcross) ~n~~:IJflI (double cross) \\\"\\\" ~n~~:IJ~1:1J'Yl1.J CU cu !11 ~ .ii~n1!1-rn::11lb'VIa:lflunu ~1ntl~m~fl1ib:IJ~~~fl.J1i \\\\1 I (three-way cross) ril~ tl.JUbb~1bb@]~1U1U~1tJ'Yiulff1 \\\\1 o bnm'\\\"1ifl--:~ tl1btlu~n~~:IJb'~mni1~1tJ'Yiui l!l ~1u'Yi~ui I I viuiY!ii~~~~~\\\"l.lfl.Jb:IJ~~~--:~ bb@]~1 nYitl~m~fli~~u~~ ~~ ~ ~~ 1tl'V13Tn 'VI1fl1~i~1nut~u~1.J 3J'n-;J::1iviui~iJ (~1u'Yiui n x ~1u'Yiui \\\"11) ~n~~:IJviiJ cr ~1u'Yiui~ ~ b~f'l.-..;J:: 1~t~l1- ~~ ~ ~1~u~ --:~'VI1e:JviuiY1'iJ n11bb~ nmJ:IJ1 n ~~ (~1u'Yiui n x ~1u'Yiui \\\"11) x (~1u'Viui fl x ~1u'Yiui ~~ ~~ :IJ1rn~Ubb~::11J:IJ1n ti1u\\\"JJTJ t~~~neifluiru UtJ:IJ1i --:~) bb~::~n~~:IJ~1:1J'Yl1.Ji:i m ~1t1'Viui (~1t1'Viui n ~ ~' 0~ viui~iJ'VI~1tJ~n@)fl~u b\\\"liu \\\"1i11t~~'V111U x ~1t1'Viui \\\"11) x ~1t1'Viui fl ~n~~:IJb~tl1 t~u't11Ltl ~ ~ ~~","~~1Vi'~~t1l~t'H~'~~tHl bb~~\\\"JJ'm~rJI111 ~~~11\\\"lf~1rJ1Un11 lll'lU~n.Un1'Y'fVI 'U ~ G). qv,Jtl~n .ct. ~ <V fi' ~~11lb:JJ~~YlUTI\\\"~~ ~'U ~,g,_ ..r,.ni'~HUJ'lhhw (open-pollinated variety) -ff111Yl~biJu.Yhi.1~~eJu-ff1~'YlU'Yl1~tl~n~1rJ l4'ui\\\"JJ'T.J1Yl~\\\"l~l'U~i\\\"t ~ 'V11ni.~fun11tlfu1h~ ~vrui~eJ~1...~ 1u~n1Yl~u.YheJ1n1fl\\\"1JeJ~b~eJ~1.'YlrJ t11~u1b~rJ~YleJ ~ eJ1~1Vi'~~t1l~~i.J1hhb~l4'ui~n~~:JJ ue.1n~1mXu ~~~1m1ntl~ni1111Yl~l~111~eJ~tl m1tl~mi1u1mu \\\" ~'U \\\" 'U., 'U ...... l4'uiY-l1 nit\u00a3J~tl fuilb\\\"JJ'1 nu~n1Ylbb 1~~eJ:JJi.~e.1~1~ eJ1flrJU1~1nu1~un-11:JJ\\\"ll'1~b~rJ~eJ~1~b~m i~uu ~ bb~~uvheJ1mfl~~btl~rJ'Ubbtl1i.tl n\u00a31~1Vi' ~ ~tJ~ n-ff111Yl~~b'V\\\\:JJ1~~:JJ~UeJ~ rl1J~1U1UJ1~Ubb~~ ni1~\\\"1J11~ ~~11l~~YleJ1ii.~ ue.1n~1mtu \\\"1l'11i.1\u00a3J~~1:JJ11mnu '\\\\J cu cu 1 I b:JJ~~i.i't11l4'ui~eJi.tJi.~neJ~1~UeJrJ l!J-m tJ 'Vl1m'i\\\\~ n11n1~~1rJi1\\\"1JeJ~~u1Ubb~~~b~eJUUUbeJ~ tJn~bU~rJ ~\\\" 'U 1~rJrY1 s:1 i.tl ~u~~b~:JJI1ln:JJ1mY~bb~b~eJU~U1fi:JJ\u00ad ~m1~b~Bnl4'uibeJ~ m~i.:IJ!ileJ~~m:JJ~~vrufl'Vl:IJ~nn ~\\\" ~ Yl~fl~mrJu bb~~1~'Vl11~;~'Vl1fi:JJ-numrJu biJui1~ i.~ l4'ui-ff111Yl~Yl1nit eJ1~bbrJni.~bUU l!J \\\"ll'it~ ~eJ ~ ~~u111n\\\"D'n~~~ l4'uiiT111Yl~~UrJ:wtl~nnueJ~1u ~~ ~ (lil) l4'uf~~:JJ11:JJ (composite) bUUn1111:JJl4'uf 'U 'U u~~uu~e.11rJtl1un~1~ ~eJ tl1~:w1rn li)li)o-li)l!Jo 1u J~ 'Vl1eJ~1rJl4'mf~1~ 6) b\\\"JJ'1~1rJrlU ilfd1:JJ~1rJ 6) il1~rJ i~uu ~~eJ1~b~eJ ntl~ n-ff111Yl~i.~t111:JJm1:JJb'Vlm~~:JJ ~ ' 'U ~0 I Q..o I Q..o fi' ~ <V t;\\\" t'i'1u1~~~u111 n~ihb~:JJmb~!iluu m~tl~ n-ff111Yl~i.~ be.11b:JJ~~~1U1Ub'Yl1 61J nU~1nbbt1l~~YlUTI\\\"'~V\\\\1eJ~1rJY-lUTI\\\"~ l!J flf~ ~eJ flf~bb1ntl~ n1u1~w\u00b7h~b~eJUY'U-l~N111fi:JJ- :JJ111:JJrlUb\\\"JJ'1 bb~'J'\\\\.bi.tJtJ~n1UbbU~~~~1~V:1~i. n~ ' 'U ii nu1rJU bb~~flf~~~eJ~tl~ n1~'Vl11~b~eJUn1 n?J1fi:JJ- ~ 'V ' ~1n-ff111Yl~l4'uisu 6J tl~eJrJ1Vi'~~:wnubeJ~I111:JJ n~1~b~eJu;~'Vl1fi:JJ Yllnritl~niilu~~~u1~rJ't11 s:J i.tl ~' I \\\\J <tJ Tid\\\" 1:JJ\\\"ll'1~bb~1b nub nmb:JJ~~i.itJ~ miJul4'ui~eJi.tJ 'U ~ (l!l) l4'ufi~bfl11~y; (synthetics) bUUl4'uf~i.~ q_,VI iln1.~~~111~~~ ~n11Yl1 nYitJ~ntl~1rJ~~~u -n~itbueJ~ ,'Y 'U 'U ~1nn1111:JJ~1rJl4'ui~i.~fun11'Yl~~eJUn1111:JJi1 ~ ~1 ntJ1mrnU1~Ufll~~Ylm'V\\\\:JJ1~bb~~11flbb:JJ~~11Jn1U q, .c. .c::l Q; 6' ueJrJ bb~~\\\"JJ'eJ~~mn1um1bnub~m i.:J~~~nmbnm1 (combining ability) :JJ1bb~1 1TI\\\"n1111:JJ~1rJY-lU~eJ1~ ~' 't11i.~biub~rJ1 nul4'ui~~:JJ 11:JJ 1111n-ff111Yl~ bUeJ~~1n~u111n~n ~",": 'lioV~ilflfl11jju mm~1lln'hm!f'U'hm1u~~VI~ml'u.r~1,j ~~~~o1~-rum\\\"l u'U : ~wunl'YIVII~lJoooV~oo ,tlfliUHl ::: ilil~lfl~'Hl:::l;)~ tyl~tJ1AIU'Uil.lilVI ~il dH : Vlwunl'YIV~oooV~oo <!! 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I ,::t' ..:!1 Q..oo ~l~bbt'l~~!il~l'VIn11~~~~\u20acl ~1umnn'VIt'l\u20acl~ln~n~ <t cv QJ 'I v:~fld\\\"\u20ac)~1~'\\\"' \\\"lfuefi dJ~rr~~1~lf.J~'Jf.J 1~\u00a3.Ji:i-~miJu b\u20acllti'l3JU\u20acl\u20aclnbb~1 ij~lU'JU1tJd\\\"~U~~ ~~ul1tlril ~ n1~1u1~-:h \\\"ntltllim~-Cild\\\"\\\" :B~bb~~~-h b~\u20ac)~~1)- \u2022 bUU\u20acll'VIl1i!i11 Uf.J Ut'l~i:imd\\\"ul1tJ'YllbUU\u20acll'VIld\\\" ~ ' fl1~U1~lfit11~mfl1~\u00a3.J flU1~\u00a3.J1~ntJt'l n~lmbt'l~~eJ ~u~6 b\\\"liu OJ ~ ~ 1it11~neJunl1ril\\\"llU~u~ rileJl'V\\\\ld\\\"rl t11~ ~neJu~1muE\\\"J b\\\"liu 'Yll1~n1eJmbt'l~\u20acll'V\\\\ld\\\"~rll~ln ~\\\"l\\\"bbt'l\\\"\\\"'J th~-\u00bb1 ~ln'V\\\\\u00abn~lU~~n~l1 ~~bUU~bbU-i~ll ~unl- bU~\\\"lleJ~~lf.J \\\"'~eJ bbrlu~itlm~1mnt'll~ bbt'l~~itJ bm i1\u00a3.J1llf11~ \u00abrf~ 1!Jt1~11~~U\\\"l~l\u20acleJ~~l~nl~mlruhh~im:nil'bVIbt'nl\\\"~~' l1Lu'mln11'fVi'Iua~Jui:i eJ~ m1\\\"llm\u00a3.Ji1\\\"ll\u20acl~~l\u00a3.J 1ud\\\"~f.J~bb1n~\\\"lfl1\u00a3.J11111~ ~ Cji.l q,..t I 1~n~l\u00a3.JUU 5~13JbiJuriu\u00a3.J~un b~1l~1~\u00a3.J~uu\\\"lf11 \u00a3~.J11t11'~mb~~lrlrl'l~1\u00a3.J\\\"llUi!i11 bbt'l~b~u1mln~uthu Jhu1~n1't'ili 13Ji:i'VI\u00abn~lw\u00b7h~u~61~1~nul <).1 I cU Cj ~ ~~ ' ~l\u00a3.J~11i'Yllb~\u20acl~lbb~bi'ieJ1~ bUUbb~b~\u00a3.J~i:i'VI\u00abn~1u bb'Y'lt'lnft (flax) ~eJm1ud\\\"l1f11~~flm11~rl ~cr-~b 11 i:i~~ubfl~~l~rll~ln~l\u00a3.J1u~1~~flbrllbbn~i\\\"'1m- ~~biJu1~\u00a3.J~~\\\"lfl1\u00a3.J11t11~ui11U~lu1~mm1~1~6J ~","~11~11u~~t~u~~1i~1~1~ .fi~.JEJ 6> tlau..Jlh!J~V,f'I1UJ~~ ~lvrfuu'd::b'YlffeJ~n~~nb\\\"ltunu 1ut\\\"1'~m1au1-itu 'lfU.19HUJEJ 'ocf ~UJ ElV\\\\1 El U\\\"'.Eltln1I 1 1~ibfl~EJ~~~~~~.Yh-;nn\\\"llu;~r1rr~~u 11un1:,r~n LVIq) 'ocf- r:i cf LUJEJ fl.ff. eo>i>oo ~~1~iim1U1~1~1m-ir1LU~l'VIltl~ bb~:: ni1 r:~cf H3JEJ mn'l1 <t LGln bUUflbb\\\"ll~-llu\\\"llfl~~l~rll1lln\\\"llu;~r1 ~l~~~bUUl~~ 1 ~lf1''InJ.Jf\\\"i'~1U~lU;~fl~ bff'd~ ~ n11 bb~:: n1 'dbi:lf!~ U ~l~i~-;hbuu1m1u~wnul~b~n t:l1a~1Ub\\\"ll~1au 1::~::~~~tJ fl.ff. eo>G1oo 1~~n11~~flltbfl~fl~~ul1i' 'lau1iiu\\\"\\\"' \\\"\\\"\\\" fl~t\\\"1'l'VIn11I ~UiU.\\\"~l~~mnA~\\\"l:Xlu b~11:nI au 1l:aJfll~1~ l!J-m tl bbwJ1U'Yll~bm~~1i~a~1uu1:b1l'Yl 'VIUl...um1uu~1Hrh~1~i:la ~~' bUUb~~~fl~t\\\"1'1'VIn11~ Yl~tr~~~ b~11:~~~~~~1~1utl~ l!J 'VI1atl~ m1~-ita~ ~a~u~9n1'VI~'Ylntl ~lmtluYl~Yi' ufu~1b-ir1nu~wrh 1uflf1b1aubYhu\\\"'u 9 'IJ 9 alnlffL~~~ln t\\\"1'l~l1fi'YlUml~'VIUl1b~UL~ bbwl 'Vtt'Jfl'l!tffltr~i''llt>~IJUJ arn'VInii~b'VIm:nu~1~~fl~1~~1n:h eo>~ fl~fflbGJr~bsn~t\\\"1' 9 'IJ ' 1~~iiarn'VIniibu~~t\\\"1'~n1l eo>'-> a~fflbGJr~bsn~t\\\"1' u~: ~lmtluvh1ubt~~f1 buu1~yj~\\\"llU1~n~1~ ff~ 1ub\\\"1J9~~ii'I~J u~nn1:'I1J 11~~ aJbbt\\\"1'~bb~~ arn'VIniibu~' ~ 'IJ ... 9 'iJ u1::~1rn l!J-cl ~~ 'VI1a~1nn-hit ii~l~u111~bb~::bb~n eo>o fl~fflb6Jl'msn~t\\\"1' nrJ'~1ii,~ ~l'VIf1J~9lU1UJUl l~U\\\"U'U ~~b1~u1au~u 91u~lmn~Vi-i' ra\\\"lla~~1~Ubb~:n'~ 1u ~1~1J:i.i.u1~~~~b\\\"'bwll!Jo-G1cl U..1 b~~~bbwl1'\\\"V' Inl1~n 1\\\"1JEJ~~Un1:111~1 'i.Vl&Iil~bb~:~U1 \\\\1b~\\\"I lcvJ~bbU: U'.Ydla~~UU'fV l~ iJ n1um1 ~11uii\\\"llu1~bYh~1i:la m~aantlubbU n iJ m, cl 'V11fl G1 bbUn ~1M1nrtl~u rl1UL1J bb~:~l~U nt\\\"1'1~11nu~n1~~n111~Jl'Yll~~~u1::'YllUL~ ~l'VIfu ~u,Xu ~1~i~iut~yf~~u-i1u ~U'Yl1l~ bb~:~m'VIitmmn ~nii\\\"llu#uunfl~~ul~ 6J ~an~l~1l::bn~~-irmwt1a1flu '9 ~d m1~bU~Un1~1:'VI1I 1~ pH cl.l!J - ~ ~A U'Ydlb'VIm: 1u bi:lmr~~aua~1l::iin~u1a~btlmbun 6J bb~::~n JU-il~ ~1'V1fuu~n~1~ m1btlu~u-i1u~iJau'Y11~1~n bb~:ii 'IJ , t\\\"1'1~b'VI~~~ fltrl~1u~~~an~lU1U m1uu1::nunu I ct -., fll'V111Yl~~am1 ~1'VIfu1ubi:la~1'Yl~U11n!J11 bb~ 1 ~u11:iim1~btlun1~~1n ~a pH ~J1n1I1 cl.l!J n\\\" bUU1Ut\\\"1'l~b'VI~~~ b1~n;h \\\"tJ\\\" (bud or square) bi:lf!~fln rr~~u1~~ 'IJ ... i.l ,.! .t=:f.c::l. ,.:5I A .dli A m U11JlU1l:~t\\\"1'\\\"1J11U1~mm'VI~fl~ n11~u1:~1n1. clA~ d .c:l C).l Q..oo I .c::l. n~un~~GJraunu ~f!U1J1~n~u~an11: ~'Yl~'VI~~ n~1muu~~~~11u~~bb~~bb~:f1a~ 6J 'VIlJ ~an~1~11: 'Yl1~~~ n~ff1t\\\"1'~fi~1~~1~EJ~1U1~~aJ~11sna 'IJ 9 ' (Family Malvaceae) L~bbrl ~1nUflbbrl1 ~1J1 n'd:- 1J1Ufl~1il.b~m ~fl~b nt\\\"1'1~1baJ~1l:1~~Yi~1 ~n~1~bb~: '1 \\\"\\\"\\\"\\\"L1lmHJEJnJ3 bb~:EJ~ UHn~nEJH\\\"D'b~~~ (Genus Gassy- iin1un1::bul:~:aa~bnt\\\"1'1~1~~~fl~~1au s:1 -r~t\\\"ll 'IJ 9 pium) 1mu\\\"t' \\\"1'n~diJ'IJyf~'VI, ~~ meo> ~u~ bUU~1m~h l!Jrl 9 \\\"llfl~~fln~l~ii m-a::' ~fi~'VI1fl a::'-cf. ~fl~bbtr1bb~~u~ ~u~ ~1~u~n cr ~u~ f111~bb~n~1~\\\"1Ja~~1~1hnu (species) ~1~u~n ~El'IJ b~u1~Yi' bn~111mu~EJm~~~\\\"llfl~~1~u~n : 1n:miulhu 11:m1'IJii1uu~ t\\\"1'1~11nifubUUb~U~1~L~ ~1Ub~u1'IJ~ \\\"llfl~~1'I~J th1l:\\\";' u aJ1UbUU'VI~a~n~~1~t\\\"1'1~11fi'UU bUUb~u~1~1~ ~1~u'IJ~n cr ~u~u\\\"'u btlu~1~Yl.u..bi:la~ 'IJ \\\"llfl~~:l'uaann~1~ l!J ~u~ bb~:an l!J ~u~buu~1~ ~ubi:lEJ~\\\"llfi~'Yl1um~1m ~~iin11bbtl~~u~\\\"llfl~~1~ aamuu~1~ hmn1'V11a~1mmi1~ ii1f111~ 1GJr~ (chromosome) eo>m flbb~:~1~1~n1'VI~ii1m-1~16Jl'~ l!Ji> f1 \\\"il1nn11flUfll1\\\"'lIJlfl~un~~n~ff1t\\\"1'~fb'~a11 ~1~ 1'IJ~n1'VI~Y' i1iu~n btlu~n~t\\\"1'~1:'VI11~~1~U1\\\"llfl~ 'IJ 'IJ","m1.11 m n1H~hmm.:nr.J hm nT'H.J~1.111111.ln-111.l\\\"lf1~ u~~uudb\\\"ll111~tl~n~1r.J hm n11.11bb~n\u20acJU~\u20acl ~~~::~-;w n11tlfui\\\"\\\".HUU~1~1u1u ~-:~ n~1miJu~1r.J ~ub~mbfl::tl1n~r~1u 1~i'~1r.J1fln1~3-itlflmb'Ylu ,bn\u20acl1Jr\\\"l'.J~1J~ 'IJ ~n\\\"Mrn::tJ,-:..:. ~1'!4'Uf\\\"ll\u20acl.J~1r.J 1flmrl1bbfl:: ~1r.J1fln1~3Jiii-:~~\u20acl1tlit ~1r.J t~mn1 (ii l!l \\\"lfib~ ~\u20ac1 G. arboreum. L. ..~1r.J1flmn1 iitfl\\\":it1.116Jl'1.1~1U1U (i)m fi (13 'IJ haploid chromosomes) 1\\\".\\\"1 l!J \\\"lf'U~ f\\\"l\\\"\u20ac1 1.1 flU&::f.c.' 0 A .d' 'l-1 A fJ' 'dr.J1J(0). .H'.i1f r.J\\\"lAf'U~\u20acl1\\\"6\\\":i1Jm d (Gossypium arbo- ~~~::G. herbaceum. L.) n1~ 'U~'Yl~~fl'JWlr'U~(Sind) tl \\\":i:: mVTtl1 n~ r11u ~~tr1 ~~~\\\"llm r.J1tl'Y11.JI11::1u\u20acl \u20acl n ij-:1reum L.) ~L:'JI'UY-\\\"l\\\", \\\"lf\\\"f'll.J~LIJ ~erennial) \\\\>-(O)o \u2022~\u20221111 1~~~n ~u~~r.J ~ut~ih~r.J ~~~::tl'd::~'YlVT~u ti1u~1u ~'U~.J\\\"lf::fll11 fl.Jr.J11 n.J~\u20acl'U b~fl::n1u1uii~3J'J.J 'IJ 'IJ 111::1u111m1~~~\\\"llmr.J1tl'Y1::~~~1J~~I11 \u20acl f~\\\";i~ur.Ju ~,1.1uaJJ1 ' 1u~u1 ii\\\"llu ,U1.J\\\"lfib~u1-:~'14'uim3Jii\\\"l..u in1u~n 1uii dI ~ Vd .d 1u~ ~~fl::~~\u20acl~1m m1Yitlfui1~-ll1nu~uvh\u20acJ1mVT n \\\"1.11.1 ,I cl.-r:\u00bb ~~u ~\u20acln~1U1.11n~1.11.J~\\\":im~~-:~~ 1.1~~~~~~-:1 ' ~-ll1.1\u20acJ~Yi~1U\\\"ll\u20acl.Jn~u~\u20acl n~1u1u ~1.lm~~::~\u20acln~\u20aclr.Jfl.J 1~~1r.J ~1r.Jtlfln1J1.J'!4'ui~-:~~~~\\\"llmr.J1tl1nfl~.J~~1.lu~~1r.J 'IJ , 'IJ .. 1 I m-erd d .ct.d ~1.1\u20ac11.1 ~~fl::bnTVI~ ti1u'Y11.J~~\u20acl~1 m n\\\"llr.J1r.Jfl.J1U~.JU1::~'Ylfl \\\"ll1.Jfl1.J nflu ,q, I 1J\u00a3.J~1U1.11n1.l~\\\"ll11 m~~:: ~6Jl'~unflufl::~~\u20acl~1m1~ mr-;h~1r.J 1flmn1~1\u20acl~1r.J AdA' V I dA A .d .d d 1.l~\u20acJU1J1.J ~\\\"lfu ~~~fl\u20ac1-J~~~.J b~fl\u20acl.J6Jl'~~~fl::~n1n ~m.:nr.J~::ii~~u1r.J~mu~~fl::#u ~~~ niiu1-:~'14',ui~~~u1r.J (tl\\\":i::~'Y1VT1'Ylm1r.Jn11 ~1r.'J,~u) t,lm~u m1 ~ U1 ' ~ fl::~ar.J~~~fl::D~ ~-:~1i'uu'Y1miJu~11~~ ;u~1~1r.J~1n w..nuufl::tlr.J~~~1.l~~u'!.iu ~11.1~~\\\":i miJu~1r.Jth Y-lUUfl n ,I I ClJ ~i-u:~~ ~nr~.1J1~~~ttri'-:J~1nt~l~\\\"lll11m1T~-1:~nt~l1,-r:.:~J'hYlVTmr.J,rtl1'drtl\\\"l.'1Ju;.~'..U:IT\u00a3.J tu11rn btlum1~1Yi~ub~r.J m1::bur.J ~~fl::~~\u20acl~1m ba:itl~:!Tr.J 1u'd1nt u~~uu1aJ1~tl~miJum'd~1","1!:1. .1\\\"1\\\"!1\u00a3J\\\"l\\\"\\\"l''U~bHfrldU1b\\\"6\\\"Jl'\u00a3..11.l(Gossypium herbaceum ~'VIf~m1l1m1~t.b~uli~1\u00a3.J';J1n~ntJ#I bi1ltJ a, L.) blJW~\\\"ll'~Uin (annual) ~\\\\'1 1!:1-c:l Yl~ ~-\\\\I~\u20acJ\u20acJm\\\"EJU 6), tJ~mb~:::1~1'l~b~\u20acJn~uflu~uYYm11'1Y~ ~w< ';!ttl~ , 0 '\\\\J '\\\\J ' , ~1~ut1lbuu,-::bu\u00a3Ju n-\\\\1~-mmn';J:::1u1.l~.Jmi1.J~1-\\\\I ~1\u00a3J~ttfl'VI1l.:n\u20acJ \\\"~m\\\" (pima) 'VI1\u20acJ \\\"m1.11nu~nu- ,0 ii\\\"llttbb~11lmn 1uii c:t - r:\u00bb uun ~11.lbbunn~1.J tJ~1\u00a3J b~\u00a3.Ju\\\" orr.J1\\\"lftJ~n1ttb\\\"ll~'Yl::::b~'Yl11\u00a3J1~\u00a3Jm1\\\"1l'~tJ1::::'Yl1tt '\\\\J 1ufi\u20acJtt\\\"JJ1.J1JU1llbb'VI~1.1 (obovate) rl1tt1Um1 ~\u20acJn; ~ \u20acJ1l11~~~1l~u:finu'Vi1 m~\u20acJ fsn'Yl1l 1~\u00a3J'Yi\u00a3J1m1.1 , '\\\\J , ~ b'VI~\u20acJ.Jb~n ~1un~u~\u20acJn~1u1uii';J~;1]1.J ~1l\u20acJii ~-c:t f n'!Y1f1rn~1lu1ib~tt1\u00a3J\u00a3J11111~~~~~~~\u20acJ 11~ .Jiiu 'I cu, ..... ,~ ,bb~f,1rn~1lu1i~1ttb~tt1\u00a3.Jm1~~~.JU1.J ~ufl'VI1lri1~it n~u U,\u00a3J'VI\u00a3..11Ubb~::iu t,J\u00a3J~~b1.l~~bbUU 1u~~\u00a3J1u11rn iitJ~nntt1.11n1utJ1n~Il1'U attb~\u00a3Jbb~::1rw 1~\u00a3J1i b1.d\u00a3Jfi1I1 U \u20acJb1.1AQ1.f..i<'Uo 'V.di1.11 \\\" '\\\\J ~ 1.\\\"1\\\"11\u00a3JU1r 1U1b~U\\\"Dr b~u~'U'V\\\"\\\"i\\\"ll'f..1, 1-\\\\~lu~ (perennial) ri1btltt\u20acl~~1'VI n1 11.11ttf'lf1b1\u20aclu bb~U';J';!UttitiitJ~n , , '\\\\J ... ... 0 U1:::bn'Yl1ir~ub~\u00a3J ~u~.Ji.Jbb~ ~-~ Yl~ bb~ritJ~mtlu U\u20ac1\u00a3..1 b'Vi11::1tJtJ~n~1\u00a3J\\\"ll'ii.~beJ\u20acJfsn'Yl1.1 (G. hirsutum) '\\\\J ,0 '\\\\J '\\\\J '\\\\J , ,n11fi1bUU~\\\"ll'~1.1~n (annual) 11lii\\\"lltt Tl-\\\\I\u20acJ\u20acln1\u20acJU 6) b;muu~1u1.11n ~1\u00a3J1~n1'VI1l ~tJ~nnueJdii l!:l \\\"ll'ii.~ ~\u20acJ\\\"ll'u~ ,~1~ttbb~:::fi\u20acJui1.Jb~n n1u1ubb~:::n1tt~\u20acJm:::ii';J~btlu '\\\\J '\\\\J ~\u20acJ1.1;~11.1\u20acJ-\\\\Ib~U1~\\\"1!~ lU 1~ii m-c:l bbUn rll'UlU\u00a3..111 6' 6' ~ 6' U11U1b~U6Jl' (G. barbadense. L.) bb~::: \\\"ll''U~b~\u20acJ1\\\"D'Yl1.1 cu <t di\u20acJUb'Yh 6) rlUlU n~U1\u20acJ-\\\\I~\u20acJn (bract) 1~ n~U ..... I \\\"ll'11attb~\u00a3Jbb~.JYJud:J \u20acJ.Jri\u20acJ u1'Ub\\\"lJ~ f \u20acJ'Ubb~::b\\\"lJ~ \u20acJU~'U ~ <lJ ca; 1 .d d .d .c:::t d t ddt \u2022a Ci ~\u20acJn~b'VI~\u20acl.J\\\"D~ 1J';J~~1.11.J'V11\u20acJ~1.11.Jbb~.J\u20acJ\u00a3J~1ttn~u \\\"lJ \u20acJ.J'YlitJm1.11 m-n.Jn~1.J b'VI'U\u20acJ 1~ 111.1-n.Jri'V11lm1:: , '\\\\J~ ~\u20acJn~1u1u ~1.1\u20acJ~1U.1.11nii m n~u 1un~u'VIrt.J 6J ... '\\\\J ~ 1u'Yl:::bmbf11ubu\u00a3Ju 1~ib~u1m1n~1\u00a3Jrl.J l!:l ~ufit ';J::iib1l~~~.Jbb~ 'o>-w< b1.1~~ GJ 11l~~nu ~1tt1.11m1.1~~ ~~~btlu~ufi1 n\u20acJu~1f1~1.1U~';l:::'Viu'YlitJm1.11mmu 1.11bb~1 bb~~ttfi'1b'VI~Ttt11J1~bb'Yi1'VI ~1m'VI~ \u20acJU~ttfi'1 ~1\u00a3J';J1naub~\u00a3J ~1\u00a3JU1fU1b~Wn ii ~u fllb u~~l11f1b'VIU\u20acl\\\"ll\u20acl-\\\\l tJ1:::bmntJ1 bb~1bb~\\\"llm\u00a3J1tJ'Yl1.Jm1l1m1~ bb\u20aclvl1m 'll._, mn.J 111.1-n.J'VIllbn1:::bbf11UbU\u00a3JU ~1\u00a3JU1fU1b~tti 0 '\\\\J ... ,bb~b11lbb1mbu.Jbtlu 1!:1 'Yi1..n. ~\u20acl'Vi1ntJ\u00a3Jitt'VI\u00a3J1u , ,bb~:: U\u00a3..1\u00a3..111 ~::b~\u00a3..1~ 'Yi1 ntJ\u00a3Jiu'VImu n1::';11\u00a3J1 U'Yl1.J U1::b'YlYYU116frmb~::n1f1b'VIU\u20acJ\\\"lJ\u20acJ.Jm1.11 m 1~ ~1tt'Yi1 n tJ \u00a3.J \u00a3..111 ~:: b~\u00a3..1 ~bb~\\\"ll\u00a3..11 \u00a3.J1 U'Yl1.J'VIllb n1:: b1 ~#!au~~ <t ~ I '\\\\J 'Vi1ntJ\u00a3.Jiu1m\u20acJ\\\";h \\\"~1\u00a3JU116frb~\u00a3Ju\\\" ~1U~1\u00a3JU\u00a3J\u00a3..111 , 0, 1m\u20acll1 \\\"~1\u00a3JbU1bi\u00a3Jtt'VI1\u20acl6fi1mb~tt~\\\" ~1\u00a3JU116frb~\u00a3JU '\\\\J ~ 0 11liim1mhl'lru'Yl1.JbYY11Y~ rh U';J';luttittJ~ n11bYl\u20ac1 'U'IQJ .., bnubtltt~ui'l1!1~~rubrh~u ~1tt~1\u00a3J<fi1mb~tt~u\u00a3J1l tJ~ n nu1.11 n,~'VIllb'\\\\nJ 1\\\":'::b1 ~#l~u~~bb~:::\\\"lJ\u00a3J1\u00a3.J1.11 ~.Jf~ \\\\1 \\\\J 1 I I \\\"' bbf1111~u11~bb~::::';J\u20acJfb~\u00a3J ~'VIf~m1.11m b~.Jb11lb~\u20acJ1.1 0 ~\u2022 f1111.1U\u00a3..11.1~-\\\\Ib~\u20acJU1:::1.11rnU f1.fl. ~rime ~1\u00a3Ju1fu1b~ui 1~\\\\~1.1tJ~mtlun11fi1 1u ' '\\\\J tJ1:::mYY~ntJ#Ib~m..h:::mrn f1.YY. ~~oo m1~~~~1\u00a3J \\\"ll'u~itt~fu~~~ ';Jtt\\\"llrn:::dn~1miluYi\\\"ll'~11'lqj\\\"ll\u20acl.J tJ1::b'YlYY~ntJ#Ibb~::sn~1u b'Vi 11:::b~u1\u00a3Jm1~::b~\u00a3.J~i0ru ' '\\\\J b\u20acJ.J ~.Jt~.:nmu'Yi1:::11 \\\"~1\u00a3J~\u00a3jtJb~\u00a3.Ju\\\"","..,;., 't1VIU ~1r.Jbmrf6Jr'I'JY,l3J bDU~1r.J~i1 m d\\\"U'~IJ m.J~~bth.J.~uvi'1 f'l1d\\\"b~EJn~~u~b'VIaJ1:::~aJ ~1mtlu~-n~EJU i.:JJ aJ1n~~~1u1~n i1~un1bU~1Wl1f'l1~\\\"1JEJ.:JbiJn;1mb~::: ~1 ~I I 'V '1\/ 'V I I maJ1mn~1.:J nEJuri-n11f.J,1...d\\\"tl~:::'VI~.:~i. i.tli.:~ilu ' ~EJ.Jn1d\\\"'J.h\\\"JJ.:~bb\\\"lfd1n u:::uu ~uririb'VIaJ1:::bbrlmd\\\"tl~n ~1r.J~:::~EJ.:~btlu~d\\\":::u1mt1i.~~ bbaJ11~u~:::~ n'VIun ~~~EJnwVI~1r.J1u J1n~:::~EJ.:~J\\\":::u1r.JEJEJni.~ ~~u1u 'VIm-ir1 ~111~~11d ~ .:~ ~EJ .:~ btlu~u~il ~u~1.:1 d\\\"::: u1 r.Jtt1i.~~ b~EJ~u~n~.:~mn~aJ~.:~i.tli.~d\\\"1~b1l b\\\"lfu ~u1u\\\"t1EJ.:~~ .~.. nu1umaJ1m ~1r.J-nU~ui1tl~'ImJ tlu~1U1UaJ1nri'VIaJ'IJ' bm:::b1~~au~~ bb~:::~b\\\"1J~~1r.JmaJ1mbwt'tmii1tl~nu1.:~ i.:~'VI-r~~b-nf.J bb~:::~ubbrll~1b1leJn1bb~.:Jbb~u ~1b1leJ ~ .:Jb1r.J n11 \\\"~uf~1f.J~EJu\\\" (upland cotton) ~EJ3J1 Q I (j,.. I II e'IJl'YlEJ.:J 'V..11EJi.aJfi~uuu~:::~EJ.:Jbtlufi~1~bUu ~.:Jb:riEJ~'U~n ' i.~f1~vi'u't11bf'l1~EJ.:~ind\\\"~tJ~1r.JL~bb~l md\\\"tl~n~1f.J 'V\\\\Un U1rl~13J1d\\\"rld\\\":::tJ1f.JEJEJni.~~f.Jlid\\\"d\\\"aJ\\\"ll'1~ ~1-Yi~u b:riEJ ~.:~i.~\\\"1Jmr.Jil~UEJci1.:Jd\\\"l~b'~l b:riEJtld\\\":::mrntl ~.fl. btlu~ub'VIum md\\\"d\\\":::tJ1r.Jtt1i.:JJ~n~EJ.:Jr.J n1EJ.:~nEJutl~ n l!!<iom (f'l.fl. 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I 1' G>\u00b7 'V\\\\U\u00a31Ub~1:t\\\"i:IJ\u00a3J\u00a3lb:IJ1nu (Helicoverpa armi- .d. (l.oo .d. bbnbb~nuu u\u00a3Jm1n~::lJbb:lJi:l~fl~d\\\"~1nd\\\":f..I:'Yl W>-m 1 'IJ ~ iJI .d .d i-1 b\\\"l.l1d\\\"UmUbbi:l1 \u00a311~:1J'V\\\\U\u00a31Ub~1:t1:1J\u00a3lt1\\\"1l':IJ'Y'lb\\\"1J1d\\\"UmU ~\u00a31 n~1f..lrl' n1~~~:u1u 1~m \\\"li ' 1 lu n~ 'IJ nt11'VI1\u00a3J gera HUbner) \\\".d I flUb ........l!J. b'Y'li:lf..I\u00a31\u00a31U (Aphis gossypiiGiover) b~1:b\\\"l111u1uf~1\\\"li ri11'1X~\u00a3Jmbi:l:t1:1J\u00a3J~\u00a3Ju11~ bb~1\u00a31~ \\\"' m. b'Y'li:lf..l~n~u (Empoasca devastans b\\\"li'1ri11:l1f..lt1:1J\u00a3lbbrl 1~m~1:b\\\"li'1lunub:IJ~~~1f..l ri11'1X Distant) Uf..l~1f..l1 Ut1:1J\u00a3lb~f..I'V\\\\1f..I'V\\\\:IJ~ 1 : ~ou~utlni'~m \\\"JJ. fl'~J~1u~ri1m1:1Jb~f..I'V\\\\1f..lu1unf:l1~ W>\u00b7 'VIU\u00a31Ut1:luu'V\\\\1\u00a3J'VIU\u00a3JU'V\\\\U1:1J (Earias jabia Stoll) . l!J. 'V\\\\U\u00a31Ub~1:t1:1J\u00a3lt1\\\"1l':IJ'Y'l (Pectinophora 'IJ gossypiella Saunder) m. 'V\\\\U\u00a3Juihu1u (Sylepta derogata Fabricius) ri!. 'V\\\\U\u00a3JU~unu1u (Cosmophila flava Fa- bricius) rt.. 'VIU\u00a3JUnd\\\":Yfnu1u (Spodoptera litura 'IJ Fabricius) fl. fl'~d\\\"~1u~1~fi\u00a3Juilml:lJtilfiru 'IJ ., G>\u00b7 ~1~'VI:IT~nu1u (PodogricaSp.) tl!J. b'Y'l f..ll vJ (Ayyaria chaetophora Karney) ...m. ~1~~1~nU\\\"b'nt1d\\\"bbi:l:~\u00a3Jn (Amorphoidea Sp.) ri!. :IJ1Ubb~~ (Dysdercus. cingula\/us Fabricius) d r!.. bb:IJ!:l~'V\\\\1\\\"1Jl1 (Bemisia tabaciGennadius) 'o>. :IJ'\\\"JU~il 'V11\u00a3J:IJ1U~~b:IJ~~ (Oxycarenus 'IJ \/aetus Kirby) ... 0 ... f:ll. ~1~~1~b~l:i:ll~U (Pempherulusajjinis Faust)","~ e<. imb~U\\\"lfU~Iih.;J 6) (Order Orthoptera) .(i)O. Ufl1 n (Order lsoptera) (i)(i). bb3J.;Jfld\\\"::\\\"lfe:JU Vid\\\"\\\"'e:J \\\"\\\"\\\"\\\"iJ.;JV!d\\\"~ (Order Or- thoptera) (i) l!J. bb3J.;J3J3Jbb~.;J (Tetranychus Sp.) (i)m. f\\\"l\\\"\\\".,'Jf\\\"le':J~ (Millipede) md\\\"i~5mium13JLi1fi'qJ\\\"lJe:J.;Jbb3Jfl.;J1~Yi\\\"il1d\\\"lli1 ~ .,'] fl1d\\\" d\\\"::1J1~bbfl::rhm13Jb;r.JV!1r.J!iie:J~1r.J1uth:: b'Ylfl 1'Ylr.J~th1fl!]e:JU1u\\\"llm::d (Yi.fl. l!!cl(i)o-l!Jcll!l\u00ab) b'Yh ~ 1 ~d\\\"::tJ1~\\\"1Je:J.;Jbb3Jfl.;JbU~' r.Jubbtlf!.;Je:J~b~3J u b'Vi 11:: m it'u U11tl1::aJ1ru (i)G?\/-(i)d iifl~b3J~d\\\" VJuuud\\\"::r.J::~ ct b\\\"ll'u Vitl.e:Jtl.b\\\"il1::~3Je:Je:Jb3J~nub~e:Jtl 'Yi.fl. l!Jclo'o> 1~-r~ \u00a3..111Ud\\\"::3J1lli l!Jcl-mo iifl~b3J~d\\\" Vitl.e:JU1~b~3J~r.J11 5u~ue:J~LUbb3Jfl.;JvT~d\\\"~13-lfiur.Jiim13JLi1fi'ru bb'ii\\\"llru::d I \\\\1 Ill 1 ').I tl1::mru a:'o iifl~b3J~d\\\" ;'ii1.;Jrltl.3J1n 1J1.;Jrifl1\\\"ilbUU bUUbb3Jfl.;Jrh::u1~'ti1m13Jb;r.JVi1r.J1'1r.Jbb1 .;J.yj~~ ~.;Jitu 1 \\\"\\\" 1uuu1fl~bb3J fl.;J-nu~VJ.du.;J-\\\"n\\\"u~ ~u1\\\"il\\\"il:: btlf.,!.~r.Ju~111Yi f1113Jti1fi'qJ~nfi1~ ~nu~ ii;~1mfllV!~ ~1b1r.Ju ~1Yl1r.Jnfl3J m1 \\\"\\\"QJ tld\\\"::3J1lli (i)a:'-(i)d iifl~b3J~d\\\" 'HU flU h1l~~UHlf'HlJ1tlU 1hw1 1tl11.,'JUu3J m1tl1::aJ1ru (i)d iifl~baJ~d\\\" (American Bollworm, Family Noctuidae Order ~ Lepidoptera) fl1.;JUfl a:'o iifl~b3J~d\\\" ;'ii1.,'Jfltl. \\\"il1fl;bVi~e:J.;JYi1J b'Yl1 I ' \\\".d ~ Q..<o Q..o~,cfO d dO I u\\\"tl' 'U 'Yf:Ii1 ~ 1J1 ~ e:J3Jb\\\"lJ\u00a3..11 \\\"iltl.fld\\\"::'Yl.;J~U1~1fl 3J1.;Jflfl3J~~1bV!U\\\"lf~e:J~~d\\\".;J YitJ1ubbe:J~~m bm~r.J e:Je:J~b~d\\\"b~r.J r.Jmi'umaJ~m bb'ii1J1.;J!ii1d\\\"1fl~1T\u00b7h ~~1ui1~ ~~1f'lnuf'Yi1(Heliothis ~.;Jnf11.;Jtlnwu1 helicoverpa) ~'ti1f!1r.J~1r.J1um3J~mbtlu-nu~b~mnu \\\"Q..<o de.l, Q..ot q.l q,J Q..o .ct A ' 'VI~.J\\\"il1n~b6HleJeJn\\\"il1nefimbefibbii'l1 l!:J-<l 1u \\\"il.Jb1:JJ 1ub!ie:J.;J1'Ylti'YitJd\\\":tJ1~'ri1m13Jb;r.JVi1r.J'YlmbV:.;J~ii m1 ~ ~~3Jvrulf i1biir.J-;n.;J1\\\"111~Cilr.J13.!~~3Jvrulf bb'ii1\\\"1113J~n ct 1 fJ I tlf!n~1r.J t,.1 1 ~ 1Ub1fl1flfl1.,'JlU ~b~m m::u.;J 6) bbfl::b1:JJbfl~e:JU1Vi'd'V\\\\~.J tffnHU ~ 'U tJ.:j lllHH \\\"il1fl'Yid\\\"::mi1~6~n e:J1Vi1d\\\"\\\"lle:J.J~b~mtlu~1'Yi1n~1'VI11U -nu~'ii1--1 6J 1\\\"llti1u3J1n'Yiuuu~1uuu\\\"lJu.J1uti.J~~un I'll ii~n\\\"~Yru::nf!aJ f1~1m-h~ ii1u.;J\\\"il1flr.Je:J~~.;J 11.;]1\\\"llb~m 6J nd\\\"::iefind\\\"::\\\"il1r.Jrf11tJ i1biir.Ji1Virt.J11.;J qj1'j.j, l!Ja:' 1e:J.;j 1\\\"ll~e:JUbbd\\\"n\\\"il::aJ;\\\"lJ11e:J3JbVi~e:J.;j b~e:J3Jbb~.,'J 1\\\"ll~Ci~'iiunu a:'-d 1u ~fle:J~~i~\\\"lJe:J.J~b~e:J\\\"il:11.J1\\\"111~ \\\"b'b~1bU~r.Jubuu;~1~1fl nuu~ni1bNu~-huflu\u00a3lnfl1.;J 'o>da:'-l!J,o '-> l!J ~e:J.J ~ tld\\\"::3J1lli o.a:'-o.cl iifl~b3J~d\\\" b~uVJuuu~nuun3J1 3Jm::n~nubtl~un1\\\"11VJ3J~ d.c:::l d \\\"~ d: d 0 d0 rle:JU~\\\"il:: fltl.~3Je:J~1r.J 3Ju\\\"il::bb'Yl:: nu'YlflV!U'YlmbV:.J\\\"lJtl.J l!J \\\"il::3J~bV!fle:J.;j \\\"lJ11e:J3JbVifle:J.,'jbi.,'J~'j.j,1~1flbb~.,'J 3J\\\"il~~1 ' ~~ '~ b~Url'd~tJ d\\\"::r.J::!iie:J1tliiJUfl1~fl1r.J;!ii1.;J 6) nu V!Ue:JU ~M1r.J \\\"ilUnd\\\"::ri.J'Yi1J~1~e:Jn ~mn V!Ue:Jtl.b~n 6J 13-Jfie:Jr..J d\\\"::r.J::ri (i) \u00a3..111tld\\\"::3J1ru (i) iiflflb3J~d\\\" bbfl::fl1r.J1u \\\"il::b\\\"il1::nu~3Jtl1~ VJue:Ju1~~u-ne:Junu~1~e:Jmbfl::~3Je:J ~e:Ju ti1uVJut1u1~b~3J~\\\"il:nu'Ylnti1u b\\\"ll'u m~e:Jn l!Ja:' .J'113J.;J \\\"il::\u00a3..111 l!J-l!J.cl iifl~b3J~d\\\" V!Ue:JUd\\\"::\u00a3..1:: ~ l!J \u00a3..111Ud\\\"::3J1lli m.cl-a:'.cl iifl~b3J~d\\\" Vitl.e:Jtl.d\\\"::\u00a3..1: ~1 ~3Je:J~e:Ju ~3Jmbn nTnb'Yl::nu~~aJe:Jri' 1~ 6J ti1umn ~ m \u00a3..111Ud\\\"::3J1lli d-rll iifl~b3J~d\\\" Vitl.e:JU d\\\"::\u00a3..1::~ a:' ~1\\\"1J tl.JV!Ue:JU\\\"il:: e:J UlU1'Vi d\\\" .J~b\\\"il1:: ~tl nbbfl:: ~3J tl~flfl ~~","~~~m~1nu bUUbb~~~1u1~ftbb'Yllf1ii~ (Family Tachinidae) ~ n~'Y11.:nu1 ( Tashina sp.) ~ 0~ f11 'j'YJ1 ~1 tJ!! ~ ~ WlllJt fftl l11 tJ ~\\\"~\\\"b~1=~~~m~1nu~:nu1ulh~ t1'1~1~11~ aTu\\\"ll'~u b\\\"liu ~1~~n ~~n ~~mi~u ii13Jb~~~~~ t1'1btlu~1~~n ~\\\"~\\\"~:nu\\\"li1~1u~~~ b~~mb~ti1u u~n ~u~u~:bf1~~Ul~1n~nulub~~~ \\\"]l~~nul3J I ACV~~ d ~X .J fl~~~~~ \\\"~~\\\"b~~m1~b~~~1~~~~\\\" b~11:~~~'Yl X G.l .ce o .J b\\\"ll'~11bb~:Uf1b~1~:'Yl1~1~'Yl1~~bbN~ m1~b;~~1~~:~1nu~~~\\\"~~nuu1mmm1 ~1~1~~:~u~~~~~~\\\"~\\\"~11~~~n~1~c:~;' 1:~1I1~n~A u 'IJ ... \\\\J I I I q., o Vo Q..oo I 1e'JU~~m1u~~~ ~\\\"~\\\"bfl~~\\\"1~1bu~~urinu~~ 1:U1~bb~:b1~1b~1'Yl1~1~ ~U~Ub~1'Yl1~1~~~bb~~~U V1 Q.oo Cl..oo Q..ot Q.oo .ct. Q..o A ~un~ bb~:iiu1~1mm11:u1~~~ f111~b;~~1~~= \\\"I'll 'IJ b~~~ ~1~~11~nu~u~:n~nub~~ bb~:~:nman 'IJ l\\\"bb1~mn 1u'Yl1~~1 ~nu\\\"li1~t1'1~u~~b\\\"li1~1~1~~1 U1~b~U tl1m~m~11 ~u~u~:~~~~lU~1flUln~\\\") bb~:u&lo1~1muV ~~ f111~b&:f.~~~1~'.d.YlA bnd~~uc:n;\\\"Vu~~~V 1~ 1~~f1~1UlU~1~~u~u n~utJ ~.fl'. l!Jcto~ ~u~u\\\"ll'ii~dbn~b~~~U1~U ~u~m11l~b~~~~=~~~1~1n~u.Yh~~~\\\" bb~1 bb~:bUUbU~1:m~~ m1~b;~~1~~~1u1:<iiu~1mn bV~1~Q..oomb~~m~A u ~1~~1~~u~n1:bb~~6J.dl',~.di ~n.. l1 J1:~1m nuu1 Q...oQ..oO I .crt. d IV i\\\"b bb~~~~~1 ~\\\"~\\\"fl~m: u1~b~~~u~m~ m1~~11~ G)-~ ~Ubb'YlU'Ylnbbv:~~ii~~h~ ~1m1~b;~~1~~~1~f1mb1~ aX va.. XA ~Ub~UUb~'~I 1~vm1~~bI ~1~A\\\"l..mmuX~'Y.Jlu~n~v~~~v~b~~1 Nb~~~~n~1n~nbb~~:f1~1U~U~1UU~U 1~~ \\\"\\\"\u00b7I'L' I \\\\J <ii~~=b~~U1I 1 udtl ~.fl'. l!Jc:tG>m b..U. ~'YllJ~.\\\"1n~1m~..~. mYd-m~ lJ.fctl'n1~1.d'Yvl~~~'Yl~~~~U1~b~U ~I ~.fl'. l!JclG>ct ~Ul.~- 1v ~~~= G>o-l!Jo ~~~bU.J~''.JYlu~ndtltn~u 6dJ.lc't~A~bn~ud~~ 'IJ Aa .n~ l!Jc:l-l!J~ ~~fl'1b6Jl'~b6Jl'~~ .~, 1u111~mu~1:b~~~\\\\..1~'Ylmb~~~~1~1~n.h.. b~:bn1 'IJ ~~~ tJ ~.fl'. l!Jc:tG>l!J bil~~u~nu1:~1m l!J bb~u11 1 b~~m~~~u1'IJ:mm ~~'ul-ibrhu...u 1:~:1-n tJ ~.fl'. 1:~=~\\\"~\\\" G>~-G>~ 1...U. l!Jc:tG>m c\u00a3 \\\"a d G>o - G> l!J lU G>~-G>~ lU 1:~:Nb~~ 1:~:~1~-n~ m~-cto lU ~~~md~u~~nu ~'Yl~~~~~~m~~um mmfl' ~m~IJii f111~~\\\" \\\"'IJ 1ubb~~=~'~bb1~~~~ ~~~n1~1~ bb~n~1~nu~1n ~<!I \\\"lHllff\\\"t' J \\\"li111~~ \\\"li11Yl1~ ~:biim'Ylfl' ~1~u k1~1~ \\\"J bb~:ir~iivhr~u \\\"J mn~1n~1~~~1mrii~ bUU~1~11 1Y:~u~ub~1=.~~~m~1nu~~1~~uf~~~~tJ fl\\\\Pl~li'j'jlJ\\\"lfl~ ~d Q..oo A ,d 0 ~m:U~bb~~~1U\\\"ll'U~~U~~U'Yl1~1~~U~Ub~1:","(Cotton Aphid, Family Aphidae Order Homoptera) (honey dews) ~ ~i]~1'VI11UbU'Ufl1'VI11 fl11:1Jba-r.J'VI1r.J~e11r.Jl~fu~nfl~1~'VIrt~ ~s b~fl I by.j~r.J~sus~1u11 \\\"lJrn::e11mb~n~:IJmb~1 by.j~r.J~::thr..~ \\\"t\\\"l'WU'Vf'I :i'J~Ul~ :1J 1;'ll;'l~uuur..'I~I e11r.J bb~1y.j1 n11<ii1~::b n~~\\\" u bUUb'VI~1~ 'Yl n'VIu'Yl nbbv:~~il n1 'dUI;'l ne11r.J 'II ~ ' ~' ~~ 'II biu1r..~~nu1n flnl.fl1y.j<ii1 fl11:1J~1firu~ns~1~'VIu~ rrnEJru~'IJ tl.:JlLlJ\\\" .:JLL'tl~ ~1 tl'J ~ ~ ..., 'I ... QJ i1b~n ~suu:IJ 1U11~bUU1ul\\\"li bfl~eJUl'VI1b~fl~ \\\"llfl~by.j~r.J~fJU ~fl bUUy.j1'V\\\\U::\\\"lleJ~bo]-fll1f~ rl11~~u \\\"111 s~nubuu~~ ~~~nuu'I1I b\\\"~r.\\\"J~~1mh'IIur..~s~~subbl;'l::1~ e11muuhfl1u'VI~n 'II 'II 'II J ..., ~ 1u !'YHHJ1lfH) lA (Family Jassidae Order Homoptera) r:r~1aJil11r.J~1u11 by.j~r.J~swnu~diim1~~:1Jl4'uf ~. 'VI1sss n1\\\"li ilbb~n11\\\"llmr..~l4'uf1~r..~ m1ss ni1~suri 13Jiln11~~:1Jl4'uf bflb\\\"\\\"lr'r.J m'db\\\"JJTrl11;'l~1r.Je11r..~1uflf~~bb1n ~::bUUby.j~\\\"r.Ji1 rrnEJ ru ~ 'IJ tl.:JulJ\\\" .:j bilr..~ililnr..~11\\\"1JU1~ W).l!:l-W>.~ iJI;'l~b:IJ~'d a-biimflJ1 una-\\\"ll111~vru\\\"ll1~i1 i1bilr.J~13Jilun bb~il'du11~ !'IJI!] I a ~~ :IJ\\\"lJU1~ o.d - o.ll<xo.W>cl-o.l!:J :IJI;'ll;'lb:IJ~'d ~f) 'II 1fi'~ a-biimir~~ns~1u~~nl;'l1~\\\"1JeJ~1u (midrib) 'VI1s b'VIijsui1ililn \\\"lJU1~k11~n11i1ililm~nusr.Jbbl;'l::a- ~ 'II ~1~n11 ~~~::buui1ss nl;'l m1Ju~~'VIU1bbuU:IJ1n b*'u1u (vein) ri~~fl~~1U\\\"llfl~1u 'VI1fl11~l\\\"lllU~1~U 'II 'II ' ~I ~u fl1'VI1 1il13JbVir..~ ~y.j s iru~:: ssn1;'l nriiliJ n 'II bbi;'l::~UflfJU l'i'Ttltll.J 1Ub'VIijsunu i1bbUU ~biimv:IJb'VI~fl~ 'II ~1~ m1u1::mrn o.cl iJI;'l~b:IJ~1 1m::r..~::mn~::r.J11 ~I VI .dl ~ (l..o . d a . , . . d by.jl;'lr.JflflUflfln~m:IJsm~ cl-W>:_ 1~ by.jl;'lr.Jm'VIu~ ssni1~su1~i11;'l:: l!:J-l!:l~~< i1 1 flf~ -i1v1r.J\\\"Jir.J W)o- ~ 'V<!'I! 'lf tl1 f\\\"('tl *':IJ Yl\\\"lr~1y.j1 mb~~ umbn1 n'd::bir..~u \\\"lr1J1 bb1;'l:: y.j\u2022H1y.j1d 0 .d Q..<o.c:f, oQo m~m nusn'VII;'l1r.J\\\"l!U~ rl1!J1i'l'JlJ'lfl~ \\\".d 0 (predators) 'V\\\\1;'l1r.J\\\"Al!U~flfJr.JnAUby.ji;'l.d\\\"r.J :IJbb:IJi;'l~'V\\\\1 ~flU b\\\"Jfu bb:IJI;'l~b~h (lady bird beetle) i1~fJU\\\"lJfJ~ q; a.,. 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