United States Coast Pilot 2 Atlantic Coast - Cape Cod, MA to Sandy Hook, NJ 1982

11. NEW YORK HARBOR 243 Sandy Hook, has depths of 4 to 18 feet. Flynns When the ebb is strong the currents in both Knoll, between Swash, Sandy Hook, and Chapel Ambrose and Swash Channels tend to set toward Hill Channels, has depths of 9 to 18 feet. Romer Romer Shoal. Caution should be maintained to pre- Shoal, between Ambrose and Swash Channels, has vent being set onto Romer Shoal when using either depths of 4 to 15 feet and is marked by Romer 5 channel. On the flood and especially with a wester- Shoal Light; a fog signal is sounded from the light ly wind, caution should be exercised to prevent station. East Bank, northward and eastward of Am- being set onto Romer Shoal when using Swash brose Channel, has depths of 6 to 15 feet. West Channel. Bank, westward of Ambrose Channel between In The Narrows the velocity of the flood current West Bank Light and Fort Wadsworth, has depths 10 is about 1.7 knots and of the ebb current 2 knots. of 1 to 17 feet. Buoys mark the eastern extremity of (See Tidal Current Tables for the daily predictions West Bank. of slack water and strength of current.) The tip of Sandy Hook is changeable, and the In Hudson River off The Battery the velocity of area around it is subject to severe shoaling; caution the flood current is 1.5 knots and the velocity of should be exercised in the area. 15 the ebb current is 2.3 knots. Off Forty Second Mariners are cautioned to maintain a sharp Street, velocities for flood and ebb strengths are I. 7 lookout for floating debris in the harbor and chan- and 2.3 knots, respectively. (See the Tidal Current nels. Charts, New York Harbor, for the direction and Tides.-The mean range of tide in New York velocity of the current for every hour of the tidal Harbor is 4.6 feet at Sandy Hook and 4.5 feet at 20 cycle throughout New York Harbor.) The Battery. Daily predictions for both places are Ice.-Navigation of the channels in the Port of given in the Tide Tables. New York and New Jersey is not restricted by ice. Currents.-The flood current entering Lower Bay The main channels do not freeze over, and any ice from the sea attains a velocity of about 2 knots in in the smaller waterways is well broken up by tugs Ambrose Channel entrance, near the outer extremi- 25 and general traffic. Freshwater ice is brought down ties of Sandy Hook, Coney Island, and The Nar- the Hudson River in large floes during periods of rows. It set~ generally parallel to the lower straight thaws or winter freshets. Occasionally there are section of Ambrose Channel and tends to continue large accumulations of ice at Spuyten Duyvil to that direction where the channel bends toward where Harlem River joins the Hudson, and at such The Narrows, setting more or less diagonally 30 times it is difficult for low-powered vessels or tows across the upper straight section of Ambrose Chan- to make much headway. Under conditions of nel. At the beginning of the flood, the current sets strong winds the slips on the exposed side of the in at the bottom and near the shores while it is still channel become packed with drift ice, causing dif- ebbing at the surface in Ambrose Channel. ficulty when maneuvering in the slip or when The ebb in Lower Bay is generally stronger than 35 berthing. During extremely severe winters naviga- the flood by 10 percent or more. At its strength it tion is interfered with seriously for only short peri- sets from The Narrows approximately parallel to ods of time. the upper straight end of the lower straight section. Weather.-New York City, an area exceeding 300 In the channel northward of Governors Island, square miles, is located on the Atlantic coastal cross currents may be encountered. During the first 40 plain at the mouth of the Hudson River. The ter- 2 hours of flood in this channel (eastward), the rain is flat and diversified by numerous waterways; current in Hudson River is still ebbing (south- all but one of the city's five boroughs are situated ward). In the first 1.5 hours of ebb (westward) in on islands. Elevations range from less than 50 feet the channel north of Governors Island, the current over most of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens to in Hudson River is still flooding (northward). (See 45 almost 300 feet in the northern part of Manhattan Tidal Current Charts, New York Harbor.) At such and the Bronx, and over 400 feet in Richmond times large vessels must take special care in (Staten Island). navigating the channel. It is reported that the most Despite its nearness to the ocean and the nu- dangerous time is about 2 hours after high water at merous bays and rivers nearby, New York City has The Battery. At this time the current is setting 50 a climate which more closely resembles the conti- north in the Hudson River and westward from the nental type of climate than it does the maritime East River. The effect on a large vessel coming type. Its modified continental climate follows from from southward and turning into the East River is the fact that weather conditions affecting the city to throw her stem to port and her bow to star- usually approach from a westerly direction and not board, thus causing a sheer to starboard toward the 55 from the ocean on the east. Some important excep- shoals off the north end of Governors Island. tions to this must be noted, since the oceanic influ- When coming from northward in the Hudson ence is by no means entirely absent. During the River the same effect tends to prevent the vessel summer, local \"sea breezes,\" winds blowing on- from turning and to cause her to overrun her shore from the cool water surface often moderate course. These cross currents are known locally as 60 the afternoon heat; and most often in winter, coast- The Spider. · al storms, accompanied by easterly winds, produce, At the seaward end of Ambrose Channel the on occasion, considerable amounts of precipitation. velocity of the flood current is 1.7 knots and of the From November through April the prevailing ebb current 2.3 knots. winds are from the northwest; for the remainder of

244 11. NEW YORK HARBOR the year the prevailing winds are southwesterly. light at night; no signal is displayed during the. Gales with velocities of 40 miles per hour or more daytime. The pilot boat is equipped to handle radio ' are predominately from the northwest. traffic on 2182 kHz, 2638 kHz, and VHF-FM chan- New York's mean annual temperature is slightly nels 13 (156.65 MHz) and 16 (156.80 MHz). Ar- higher than that of most places in the United States 5 rangements for pilot services should be made in of the same latitude, with the exception of localities advance by ships' agents through the Sandy Hook near the Pacific coast. Precipitation is both moder- Pilots (telephone: 212-448-3900). A 24-hour and a ate and distributed evenly throughout the year. 3-hour ETA is requested; 24-hour service is avail- Most of the rainfall from June through September able when ordered. comes from thunderstorms, therefore, is usually of JO Masters of vessels entering the Port of New brief duration, but relatively intense. From October York and New Jersey are requested at the time of to April, however, precipitation is generally as- boarding to proceed at the slowest possible speed, sociated with widespread storm areas, so that day- make a lee for the pilot boat, and have a pilot long rain or snow is common. Over the entire year, ladder over the side about 3 to 4 feet above the the city receives 59 percent of the sunshine hours 15 water. Pilotage on the Hudson River northward of possible at its latitude. This value compares favora- Yonkers, N.Y., is provided by the Hudson River bly with that for any region east of the Mississippi, Pilots who board vessels in midriver off Yonkers, except the Southeast. Relative humidity averages N.Y. (See chapter 12.) a~out 66 perce!1t for the ye~r, showing that the city has a .relat1vely damp cl1~ate. . . Towage.-The Port of New York and New Jersey 20 has several towing companies with radio-equipped The ~atlonal Weather Service mamtams several tugs with over 4,000 hp. Arrangements for tugs are offices m New Yor~ where barometers can be com- usually made in advance by ships' agents. Fireboats pared. (See appendix for addresse.s.) . . are stationed throughout the harbor. (See page T-7 for New York City chmatological New York is a customs port of entry and the table.) . • . a~e . 25 headquarters of the Regional Commissioner. Storm warnmg display locations hsted on Quarantine, customs, immigration, and agricultur- NO~ charts and sh?wn on the M~nne Weather al quarantine.-(See chapter 3, Vessel Arrival In- Serv~ces Charts pubhshed by the National Weather spections, and appendix for addresses.) Ser':'ice. . compulso~y for for~1. gn vessels ~nd 30 Quarantine is enforced in accordance with regu- Pilotage is Iations of the U.S. Public Health Service. (See Pub- U.S. vessels under register entermg or departing lmhieel·aledHqaeubaaolrtvtheersFSaeonrrvdtic\\be\\''o.aadcrsdhwm·apogtrethsrtaat1ti·.o)ln_Tloahsreeebaanqbkuo,aurSat n~otti.en5n5e from the Penotretn·onfg Ntheewp oYrot rokf aNnedwNyeowrkJearnsdeyN. ew Vessels Jersey through Lower Bay are served by the Island. The quarantine a~chorage ts off th~ station. Sandy Hook Pilots. A pilot boat will be found 35 Vessels not granted prat1que are usually mspe~ted within the charted pilot boat cruising area west- ward of Ambrose Light. The pilot boats have at t~e anchorage, \"'.hereas those granted prat1que black hulls and white superstructures; display the are mspected at. their berths. . .. A U.S. Public Health Se!°\"1ce \"!f?SP.•~ 1s on name PILOT NO. 1, PILOT NO. 2, or PILOT NO. 3 in yellow on each side of the hull below the 4-0 Staten ~sland, and an o~tpatient clime is m New pilot house; and fly a blue flag during the daytime York City. (See appendix for addr~sses.) and show a white light over a red light at night. A .Coast Guard.-A Coast Guard station and a Cap- tain of the Port office are at the Coast Gu~d pilot boat is usually on station; boarding is made Suppory Center on Governors Island. ~ Marme from a smaller motorboat. The pilot boats are equipped to handle radio traffic on 2182 kHz 2638 45 Inspection Office and a vessel documentation office kHz, and VHF-FM channel 13 (156.65 MHz), and are in New York City. (See appendix for ad- monitor on a continuous basis 2738 kHz and VHF- dresses.) FM channels 16 (156.80 MHz) and 18 (156.90 Harbor regulations.-The administration of the MHz). Arrangements for pilots are made in ad- Port of New York and New Jersey and the en- vance through the ships' agents. A 24-hour ETA so forcement of its laws are vested in no single body, (or participation with AMVER) is requested. Ves- but are divided among various departments of the sel arrival is reported to the Maritime Exchange in Federal, State, and Municipal Governments. New York by the pilots. Speed.-The Coast Guard desires to warn masters Vessels entering the Port of New York and New and pilots of all types of vessels that possible action Jersey through Long Island Sound and Hell Gate 55 may result against their licenses and criminal pro- are boarded by the Hell Gate Pilots from a pilot cedures may be exercised, when the wash of a boat off Execution Rocks. Pilots from Long Island vessel proceeding at excessive speed in confined Sound generally debark at the same location, shar- waters endanger life, limb, or property. Damage to ing the Hell Gate pilot boat. The 48-foot pilot boat, vessels moored at docks and terminals has been based at a pier on the east side of City Island about 60 reported. The parting of a mooring line may cause 0.4 mile no~hward of Belden Point, has a black a serious oil fire or damage to pipelines or barges hull and. ~h1te su.perstructure, displays .the name which are being loaded or discharged at chemical PILOT m mternatlonal orang~ on.each side of the and petro~eum company terminals. Damage caused deckhouse, and shows a white hght over a red by excessive speed may also lead to a possible suit

11. NEW YORK HARBOR 245 by the injured party against owners, masters, or Repairs.-The Port of New York and New Jersey pilots for monetary recovery. has extensive facilities for making all types of re- The New York City Department of Ports and pairs to vessels of all sizes. The shipyards at Brook- Terminals administers the piers along the New lyn, Hoboken, Staten Island, Queens, and Perth York waterfront within the city limits. The office is 5 Amboy can drydock some of the largest ocean- at The Battery Maritime Building. going vessels, and can make major repairs to hull, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey electronic equipment, machinery, and propulsion is an executive body appointed by the Governors plants. Also within the port area, a number of firms of New York and New Jersey. The Authority's without waterfront facilties are engaged in various Port Department serves as a bistate port develop- 10 types of marine repair work. These firms maintain ment, operations, maintenance, and promotion or- shops and portable equipment for making above- ganization. The Port Authority administers piers in waterline repairs and for installation of equipment, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Hoboken, Port Newark, and gear, and machinery on all types of craft at berth. Port Elizabeth. The office of the Authority is at Several salvage companies also perform all types of the World Trade Center, New York City. 15 salvage work. Wbarves.-The Port of New York and New Jer- The largest floating drydock, on the west side of sey has over 1,100 waterfront facilities. Most of the Hudson River at Hoboken, N.J., has a lifting these facilities are privately owned and operated, capacity of 26,000 tons, an overall length of 685 and the rest are owned or operated by either the feet, a maximum clear inside width of 110 feet, and railroads serving the port, the Port Authority of 20 a depth of 29 feet over the keel blocks; cranes up New York and New Jersey, the City of New York, to 45 tons are available. The largest graving dock the States of New York and New Jersey, the Fed- is in Wallabout Bay at the site of the former New eral Government, or other municipalities. York Naval Shipyard. The dock has a clear length The major steamship passenger terminal, the of 1,092 feet, clear gate width of 143 feet, top and New York City Passenger Ship Terminal, is along 25 bottom inside widths of 150 feet, and 34 feet over the east side of the Hudson River (North River) the keel blocks; cranes to 250 tons are available. above The Battery. Containership terminals are The largest marine railway, on the east side of East throughout the port, but principally at Elizabeth, Mill Basin in Jamaica Bay, can handle vessels up to Newark, Jersey City, and Weehawken, N.J. Other 300 tons or 120 feet long; an 8-ton hoist is avail- containership facilities are at Howland Hook, 30 able. Staten Island, and Brooklyn. Break-bulk general Communications.-The Port of New York and cargo terminals are throughout the port but prin- New Jersey is served by three trunk line and one cipally along the east side of Upper New York short-line railroads, numerous trucking firms en- Bay, on the East River, and at Port Newark. Pe- gaged in long-and short-haul freight service, and troleum and other liquid cargo facilities are along 35 several bus companies. Over l00 steamship compa- Arthur Kill, on the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers, nies connect the port with the principal U.S. and and along Newtown Creek, Brooklyn. foreign ports. General cargo in the port is usually handled to Three major airports, John F. Kennedy (New and from vessels by ship's tackle. Heavy lifts up to York) International, La Guardia, and Newark, pro- 500 tons, floating cranes up to 500 tons, and der- 40 vide frequent scheduled service between New ricks are available in port. Most of the waterfront York and domestic and overseas points. facilities throughout the port have highway and railroad connections. Chart 12350.-Rockaway Inlet, the entrance to The wharves and piers of New York City along Jamaica Bay, is between Rockaway Point on the the waterfronts of the Hudson and East Rivers are 45 southeast side and Manhattan Beach and Barren numbered beginning at The Battery and follow in Island on the north side. The inlet is obstructed by sequence eastward along the East River and a shifting sandbar. A jetty, marked near the outer northward along the Hudson River. For a com- end by a light and a fog signal, extends south from plete description of the waterfront facilities Rockaway Point. The entrance channel westward throughout the Port of New York and New Jersey 50 of the jetty is marked by lighted and unlighted refer to Port Series No. 5, published and sold by buoys. The channel has depths of 20 feet or more the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (See appendix except for 17-and 18-foot spots about 560 yards for address.) south and 450 yards west of the jetty light, respec- Foreign-Trade Zone No. 1 is in New York, and tively. A shoal area with reported depths of 5 feet Foreign-Trade Zone No. 49 is in Port Newark/Eliz- 55 or less is westward of the entrance channel. Two abeth, N.J. (See chapter I, Foreign-Trade Zones, sunken wrecks are southwest of the jetty light in and appendix for addresses.) about 40°32'03\"N., 73°56'56\"W. and 40°32'18\"N., Supplies.-Provisions and supplies of all kinds are 73°56'41 \"W. Another sunken wreck is about 0.9 available in the Port of New York and New Jersey. mile north-northwestward of the jetty light in All grades of heavy marine bunker fuel, lubricants, 60 about 40°33'18\"N., 73°56'48\"W. In December 1980, and diesel fuel can be obtained. Large vessels are an obstruction covered 20 feet was reported about usually bunkered at their berths by tank barges or 0.5 mile south-southeast of the jetty light in about self-propelled tankers. Water is available at most of 40°31'55\"N., 73°56'13\"W. the piers and wharves. There are two sunken wrecks farther inside the



11. NEW YORK HARBOR 247 inlet; the first in 40°34'09\"N., 73°53'56\"W., about part of the bay and extends eastward and westward 0.6 mile westward of the Gil Hodges Memorial along the Rockaway peninsula with stations at Far Bridge, has 15-and 9-foot depths immediately west- Rockaway and Inwood serving the Motts Basin ward and southward, respectively, from it; the sec- area. ond is in 40°34'30\"N., 73°52'30\"W., about 0.4 mile 5 Ice is a problem in Jamaica Bay, mainly in the eastward of the bridge. tributaries and basins, from early January to about In July 1980, shoaling to about 3 feet was re- mid-March. ported in the inlet about 1.75 miles west of the Gil Sheepshead Bay, on the northern side of the east- Hodges Memorial Bridge in about 40°34'21 \"N., em extremity of Coney Island and northward of 73°55'29.5\"W. 10 Manhattan Beach, is well protected and is used by Gil Hodges Memorial (Marine Parkway) Bridge, numerous pleasure and party fishing craft. The en- crossing Rockaway Inlet between Rockaway Point trance channel is marked by buoys and has a depth and Barren Island, has a vertical lift span with a of about 14 feet; in June 1981, depths of 6 feet clearance of 55 feet down and 152 feet up. The were reported inside the bay to the bridge near the bridgetender can be contacted on VHF-FM chan- 15 head of navigation except for some shoaling to 2 nels 13 (156.65 MHz) and 16 (156.80 MHz); call feet along the edges. A private light marks the sign, KIL-819. (See 117.175(d), chapter 2, for outer limit of an sewer outfall that extends south- drawbridge regulations and opening signals.) A ward from the bay. Coast Guard station is just west of the bridge on Special anchorages are in Sheepshead Bay. (See Rockaway Point. Storm warning signals are dis· 20 110.1 and 110.60, chapter 2, for limits and regula- played. (See chart.) tions.) The mean range of tide at Rockaway Inlet is A small-craft facility in the bay can handle craft about 5 feet. In the entrance channel near Rocka- to l l tons. Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, way Point the tidal current has a velocity of about water, ice, marine supplies, storage, and engine re- 2.2 knots. The ebb attains a greater velocity than 25 pairs are available. the flood and probably exceeds 3 knots at times. In Gerritsen Inlet, northward of Rockaway Inlet, is August 1975, a strong east-to-west current, be- the common approach to Plumb Beach Channel, lieved to have been the result of tidal flow, was Gerritsen Creek, and Mill Creek. A fixed highway observed at the entrance to Rockaway Inlet near bridge with a clearance of 35 feet crosses the inlet. the seaward end of the jetty. This current is of 30 The channel through the inlet is marked by buoys. sufficient strength to cause a vessel to veer sud- In May 1981, it was reported that with local denly off course when entering or exiting the chan- knowledge a depth of 12 feet could be carried in nel. South of Barren Island the velocity is about 2 midchannel through the inlet to the head of Plumb knots; east of Barren Island it is about 1.5 knots. Beach Channel by avoiding a 5-foot spot close (See Tidal Current Tables for predictions and Tidal 35 eastward of Gerritsen Inlet Buoy 7. Mariners are Current Charts, New York Harbor, for hourly di- advised to follow the buoys through the inlet rections and velocities.) closely, as a reported shoal area with a least depth Jamaica Bay is on the south shore of Long Is- of 2l feet is about 0.1 mile southeastward of Ger- land about 15 miles southeastward of The Battery, ritsen Inlet Buoy 7 and a reported obstruction is New York City. The bay is characterized by nu- 40 0.3 mile eastward of the buoy. merous meadows, hassocks, and marshes. The From the highway bridge over Gerritsen Inlet, north and east shores are bordered by marshlands Plumb Beach Channel leads westerly and Gerritsen which extend inland for a short distance. Several Creek and Mill Creek lead northwesterly. There small tidal creeks enter the bay from the north. are dangerous pilings and remains of old barges Channels and basins have been dredged to depths 45 along the south side of Plumb Beach Channel, and of 12 to 20 feet for use of craft operating in the several submerged wrecks in Gerritsen and Mill bay. Rockaway Beach forms the south shore. The Creeks. The fixed highway bridge over Mill Creek bay is about 7 miles long and 3.5 miles wide, and is in ruins; mariners are advised to exercise caution covers an area of about 22.5 square miles. The in this area as some parts of the bridge structure greater portion of the bay is in the Boroughs of 50 have fallen into the water and are an obstruction to Brooklyn and Queens, New York City, and a small navigation. section of the eastern extremity, consisting of parts There are several small-craft facilities on Plumb of Motts Basin and Head of Bay, is in Nassau Beach Channel at Gerritsen. (See the small-craft County. facilities tabulation on chart 12351 for services and Special anchorages are in Jamaica Bay. (See 55 supplies available.) 110.1, and 110.60 (s) and (s-1), chapter 2, for limits Dead Horse Bay makes into the southwest side of and regulations.) Barren Island eastward of the highway bridge The commercial vessel traffic in Jamaica Bay across Gerritsen Inlet. A marina, on the north side consists of motor tankers, barges, and tugs. The of the bay, has berths and moorings. bay is used extensively by pleasure craft. 60 Island Cluumel, with depths of 16 feet or more Jamaica Bay has excellent transportation facili- except for a 6-foot spot in 40°38'22.S- N., ties. Highways connect with all of Long Island and 73°51'40.0\"W., leads northerly from just eastward New York City, and the Rockaway Beach Branch of Barren Island to Canarsie, thence northeasterly of the Long Island Railroad crosses the central to Howard Beach. The channel is marked by a

248 11. NEW YORK HARBOR lighted range, and lighted and unlighted buoys. A entrance. Fresh, Hendrix, and Old Mill Creeks seaplane restricted area is in Island Channel, Run- were little used in 1971. · way Channel, and adjacent waters eastward of Bar- Howard Beach, about 2.5 miles eastward of ren Island. (See 207.37, chapter 2, for limits and Canarsie, on the north side of Jamaica Bay, has regulations.) 5 several basins for boats. Cross Bay Memorial Big Fishkill Channel and Pumpkin Patch Channel Bridge, just south of Howard Beach, has a bascule lead in a northeasterly direction from Runway span with a clearance of 20 feet that remains in the Channel just west of Ruffle Bar and joins Island permanently closed position. (See 117.175, chapter Channel 0.3 mile west of the Cross Bay Memorial 2, for regulations.) Bridge at Howard Beach. to Shellbank Basin, extending northward about a Floyd Bennett Field, on Barren Island, is the site mile from Island Channel and just west of Howard of a Coast Guard air station. A 2,000-foot-long Beach, had a reported controlling depth of 5 feet in marginal wharf with a depth of about 24 feet May 1981. The basin has numerous small piers, alongside is at the southeastern extremity of the float landings, and small-craft facilities along both island. 15 sides. (See the small-craft facilities tabulation on Mill Basin is northward of Barren Island on the chart 12351 for services and supplies available.) we~t side C?f Jamaica B~y. Commerci~l traffic in the The bascule span of a former highway bridge basm consists of occasional barge shipments of pe- across the basin has been permanently removed troleum. In May 1981, a reported depth ?f 13 feet leaving a channel width of 40 feet. could be taken to the north end of the basm. Sever- 20 Hawtree Basin about 0.2 mile eastward of Shell- a! small-craft ~~ilities are . in the basin. (See the bank Basin, has ~ depth of about 11 feet. A fixed small-craft fac1ht1es tabulation on chart 12351 for pedestrian bridge about 0.3 mile above the mouth services and s.upplies av:ailable) has a clearance ~f 17 feet. ' A bascule hi~hway. bndge with a clearance of 34 A railroad bridge across Island Channel, 0.5 mile feet crosses Mill Basm between Barren Island .and 25 east of the Cross Bay Memorial Bridge, has a Brooklyn. (See 111.175, c~apter 2, for d.rawbndge swing span with a clearance of 26 feet that remains regulations and openmg signals.) The bndgetender in the permanently closed position. (See 117.175, can be contacted on VHF-F~ chan~els 13 (156.65 chapter 2, for regulations.) MH~) and 16 (156.80 MHz), c13:ll sign,. KX-8.185. Rockaway Beach is a popular summer resort on Man~ers are. requested to av01d causmg bndge 30 the barrier beach forming the southern extremity of opemngs dunng peak commuter hours of 07qcl to Jamaica Ba . Train and bus transPortation is avail- 0900 and 1600 to 1800 Monday through Fnday. Y . East Mill Basin is about 0.4 mile northeastward able to New York City. Excursion boats oper!1te of Mill Basin. In May 1981, a reported rnidchannel between New York and Rockawa)'. ~each du~mg depth of 13 feet could be taken to the head of the 35 the su!Ilme~ ~nly. Be~hs, electncity, gasolme, basin. Several small·craft facilities are in the basin. ~ater, ~ce, hm1ted supplies, sto~age, a 100-~oot ma- (See the small-craft facilities tabulation on chart nne railway, and. a 12-ton hft. are available .at Rockaway Beach m Vemam Basm'. abou~ 0.7 mtle 12351 for services and supplies available.) Bergen Beach is a community about 2 miles north northeas~ward o~ Cro~s. ~ay Memonal B~dge. Hull and engme repau. fac1ht1es are al~o available. of Barren Island. Paerdegat Basin, just north of 40 Beach Channel 1s o~ the no~h side of Rockaway Bergen Beach, has a midchannel depth of about 11 feet. A fixed highway bridge across the basin near Beach. A Federal project provides for a channel 18 the mouth has a clearance of 29 feet. A marina at feet deep from Rockaway Inlet to about 700 yards the head of the basin can haul out craft up to 15 above Gil H<;>dge~ Me~orial Bridge, thence 15 feet tons. Gasoline, marine supplies, water, and engine 45 deep to the Junction with Grass Hassock Channel. and hull repairs are available. In May 1981, a re- In ~960-1977, depths of about 15 feet could be ported depth of 8 feet could be taken to the mari- earned to Grass Hassock Channel. A shoal bare at na. Several yacht clubs are also in the basin. low water, on the north side of Beach Channel Canarsie, a town on the northwestern shore of south of Little Egg Marsh, is marked on the west Jamaica Bay, is a part of New York City. Canarsie so side by a lighted buoy. A seaplane restricted area is Pier, on the northwest shore of Jamaica Bay be- in Beach Channel. (See 207.37, chapter 2, for limits tween Paerdegat Basin and Fresh Creek, has two and regulations.) prominent flagpoles near its center. The pier is A 056°-236° measured nautical mile is along the structurally unsafe, and landing is not permitted. south shore of Jamaica Bay parallel with the steel The pier is a part of Gateway National Recreation 55 bulkhead of Beach Channel Drive southward of Area. Nova Scotia Bar. The structures are maintained by Fresh Creek, 0.6 mile northeastward of the pier the Brooklyn Power Squadron; the front markers at Canarsie, has a midchannel depth of about 8 feet. are black and yellow chevrons, and the rear mar- A highway bridge across the creek near the en- kers are orange squares. trance has a 43-foot fixed span with a clearance of 60 Cross Bay Memorial Bridge, crossing Beach 21 feet. Hendri_x Creek~ 0.4 mile northeastward of Channel at Rockaway Beach, has a fixed span with Fresh Creek, 1s the stte of a sewage treatment a clearance of 52 feet. The railroad bridge over plant. Old Mill Creek, 1.1 miles northeastward of Beach Channel, 0.5 mile eastward, has a swing Fresh Creek, bares at low water just above the span with a clearance of 26 feet. East Broad Chan·

11. NEW YORK HARBOR 249 nel is blocked off by the railroad trestle of this Head of Bay, has reported depths of 10 feet at the bridge. entrance decreasing to 2 feet at the head. Winhole Channel, a natural channel marked by Grassy Bay, along the southwestern side of John buoys and seasonal lights, extends l mile F. Kennedy (New York) International Airport in northward to Grassy Bay from the junction of 5 the northeastern part of Jamaica Bay, is blocked at Beach Channel with Grass Hassock Channel. Win- the southeastern end by an airport runway. The hole Channel has a least depth of about 16 feet, runway continues into the marshlands on the except for reported shoaling to 3 feet extending southerly side of the bay. into the west side of the channel near the southern Bergen Basin, at the northern extremity of Gras- entrance in about 40°36'12\" N., 73°48'21 \"W. A 10 sy Bay, has depths of about 15 feet with lesser lighted buoy marks the junction of Beach, Grass depths in the eastern arm of the basin. The en- Hassock, and Winhole Channels. trance is marked by buoys. Conspicuous are a yel- Grass Hassock Channel joins Beach Channel off low brick circular tank about 40 feet high on the Brant Point and continues in a northeasterly direc- southwestern side of the entrance and the nu- tion to Head of Bay. The controlling depth in the 15 merous oil storage tanks at the head of the basin on channel is about 15 feet. the eastern shore. Coastal tankers and sand-and- Sommerville Basin, about 1.2 miles eastward of gravel barge tows account for most of the com- the railroad bridge at Rockaway Beach, has depths merce in the basin. of 27 to 40 feet inside. In May 1981, depths of about 15 feet were reported in the approach. Sev- 20 Chart 12349.-Coney Island, on the northern side eral charted sunken wrecks are in the basin. A of the entrance to New York Harbor, is a large boatyard at the head of the basin has berths, elec- summer amusement resort. Numerous stacks, to- tricity, gasoline, water, ice, limited marine supplies, wers, and amusement rides, including a red steel storage facilities, a launching ramp, a 45-foot ma- parachute tower 303 feet high, are prominent on rine railway, and a 7-ton mobile hoist; engine and 25 the island. Coney Island Light (40°34.6'N., hull repairs can be made. 74°00.7'W.), 75 feet above the water, is shown Motts B~in, a tidal inlet in the eastern part of from a white square skeleton tower on Norton Jamaica Bay, entered through Negro Bar Channel, Point, the westernmost extremity of the island. A partially separates the communities of Inwood and radio direction calibration station is at the light. Far Rockaway. Two branch channels lead from 30 (See Light List for details.) inside the entrance to the northeasterly and Coney Island Channel, a buoyed passage along southeasterly ends of the basin. In May 1981, a the south side of Coney Island, has a controlling reported controlling depth of about 15 feet was depth of about 13 feet to Rockaway Inlet. It is available in the entrance and branch cna.Afiels; the used principally by vessels going to Jamaica Bay channels are marked by buoys. A depth of 3 feet is 35 and Coney Island. at the junction of Negro Bar Channel with Grass Gravesend Bay, northward of Coney Island, af- Hassock Channel, just southward of Grass Hassock fords good anchorage in depths of 11 to 50 feet. A Channel Light 23. Ice may obstruct vessel move- general anchorage is in the bay. (See 110.1 and ment in the basin during severe winters. 110.lSS(e), chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) Overhead power cables across Motts Basin have 40 The southeasterly part of the bay is shoal with the following clearances: one over the northerly depths of 1 to 6 feet. arm, 70 feet; two over the southerly arm, least Coney Island Creek is at the southeastern end of clearance 92 feet; and one over the cut on the Gravesend Bay and on the north side of Coney south side of the southerly arm, 60 feet. A retracta- Island. Commercial traffic on the creek consists ble boom is on the south shore of the basin about 45 mainly of occasional barge shipments of sand and 90 yards northwest of the overhead cable tower. A gravel. The area northward of the entrance to the light is shown from the boom when it is extended creek is being filled, and piling is along the north- into the water. em side of the creek at the filling site. A reported Depths aloRgside the wharves in Motts Basin obstruction and several wrecks are in the channel, range from 1 to 14 feet. Waterborne commerce in 50 but with the aid of the chart, depths of about 11 the basin is chiefly in petroleum products. feet are available in the channel along the north Head of Bay joins Grass Hassock Channel near shore of Coney Island from Gravesend Bay to Northwest Point and extends in a northeasterly di- about 200 yards below the first bridge, thence 11 to rection on the south side of John F. Kennedy (New 2 feet to the gas pipeline bridge about 0.5 mile York) International Airport. Depths of about 15 feet 55 above the first bridge. Two bascule bridges and ~e in the entrance channel and channel in the bay; four fixed bridges cross the creek; least clearance is atds mark the channels. In May 1981, it was re- 2 feet. The bascule bridges are kept in the closed P?rted that a draft of 15 feet could be taken to the position. (See 117.190(a) and (f)(l)(v), chapter 2, for 011 piers at Uncle Daniels Point at high water. Sev- drawbridge regulations.) A boatyard about 0.8 mile eral small marinas in the bay can provide berths, 60 above the creek entrance provides berths, electrici- el~tricity, water, ice, marine supplies, storage ty, gasoline, water, ice, storage, marine supplies, facilities, and a launching ramp; minor engirie and and hull and engine repairs. Lifts to 14 tons are hull repairs can be made. available. In May 1981, a reported depth of 4 feet Thurston Basin, at the northeastern extremity of could be carried to the boatyard.

250 11. NEW YORK HARBOR A buoyed channel with a least depth of 15 feet ity of 7,500 tons, length of 455 feet, a depth of 21 leads from deep water northward of Coney Island feet over the keel blocks, and clear inside width of• to off the docks in the eastern part of Gravesend 71 feet. Bay. A small-craft facility on Gravesend Bay can Gowanus Canal, the improved waterway above provide berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, 5 Hamilton A venue, has depths of about 8 to 12 feet. water, ice, storage, marine supplies, and hull and The bridges across the canal have the following engine repairs. Lifts up to 30 tons are available. In minimum clearances: drawbridges, 3 feet; fixed May 1981, a reported depth of 15 feet could be bridges, 90 feet. The fixed bridge across that part carried to the marina. of the canal which extends southward along Fifth JO Street has a clearance of 20 feet. (See 117.166, Charts 12334, 12349.-The Narrows, connecting chapter 2, for drawbridge regulations.) Lower Bay and Upper Bay of New York Harbor, The Hamilton Avenue and Ninth Street draw- has a clear width of over 0.6 mile at its narrowest bridges, 1 and l.2 miles above the entrance, respec- point between Fort Wadsworth and Fort Hamilton. tively, are equipped with radiotelephones. The The Verrazano Narrows Bridge, a fixed suspension 15 bridgetenders can be contacted on VHF-FM chan- span, crosses the narrows at these two points link- nels 13 (156.65 MHz) and 16 (156.80 MHz); call ing Staten Island with Brooklyn. The bridge has a signs KX-8183 and KX-8186, respectively. vertical clearance of 217 feet for a midchannel Erie Basin, just north of Gowanus Bay, is en- width of 2,000 feet. Note: A traveling maintenance tered from the Red Hook Channel. The basin has platform, when in operation, reduces the vertical 20 drydock and repair facilities for vessels. A graving clearances by 15 feet. A fog signal is sounded from dock here can handle vessels up to 716 feet in the eastern end of the bridge. length and 25 feet in draft; cranes to 50 tons are The Quarantine Station, numerous deep-draft available. A floating drydock in the basin has a piers, and ferry terminals are on the east side of lifting capacity of 23,000 tons, length of 700 feet, a Staten Island between Fort Wadsworth and St. 25 clear inside width of 99 feet, and a depth of 25 feet George. over the blocks. Upper Bay is that portion of New York Harbor Governors Island is at the middle of the mouth of between The Narrows and The Battery. Anchorage East River where the river joins Upper Bay. For- Channel, marked by lighted buoys, is the main pas- merly a U.S. Army installation, it is now a Coast sage through the middle of the bay. Gowanus Flats 30 Guard support center. Fort Columbus is on the is a shoal area with depths of 5 to 20 feet east of northeast part of the island, and Castle William is at Anchorage Channel. Jersey Flats, the area on the its northwest end. The main channel is westward New Jersey side west of Anchorage Channel, is of the island. Several lights and fog signals are on much shoaler with depths up to 6 feet. Channels the island, and a hexagonal shaped structure is have been dredged through these shoal areas to 35 prominent on the northeast side. provide access to the piers on both sides of the A privately dredged channel leads northwest- bay. ward from the main channel and southward of Channels.-Bay Ridge Channel, Red Hook Chan- Ellis Island to private facilities on the New Jersey nel, and Buttermilk Channel follow the Brooklyn side. In 1965-1976, the controlling depth in the piers from The Narrows to East River. Depths in 40 channel was 23 feet. these channels are 32 to 40 feet, except in June East River and the route to Long Island Sound 1981, shoaling to 19 feet existed at the junction of are described in chapter 9. Bay Ridge Channel and Red Hook Channel. An Liberty (Bedloe's) Island, on the eastern part of obstruction covered 28 feet is at the junction of Jersey Flats across the main channel from Gover- Red Hook and Buttermilk Channels in 45 nors Island, is marked by the Statue of Liberty, a 40°40'44.3\"N., 74°01'16.0\" W. Caution should be colossal structure more than 305 feet high; the fig- exercised when docking and undocking vessels ure faces southeastward. In 1973, the channel lead- along the southeasterly side of Bay Ridge Channel ing to the pier on the west side of the island had a ~ecause the current may flow in a direction oppo- controlling depth of 15 feet except for shoaling to site to the normal channel flow, especially between 50 11 feet along the east edge. A fog signal is on the the piers. end of the pier. Gowanus Bay, at the junction of Bay Ridge and Robbins Reef Light (40°39.4'N., 74°04.0'W.), 56 Red Hook Channels, is a bight in the Brooklyn feet above the water, is shown from a conical shore at ~he mouth of Gowanus Creek. A dredged tower, with the lower half brown and the upper channel m the creek leads from Gowanus Bay to 55 half white, on the southeastern part of Jersey Flats. the Hamilton A venue Bridge, about 1.1 miles A fog signal is sounded at the light. abo~e the mouth. In 1974-December 197~, the con- The channel leading from the main channel trolh!lg depths were 16 feet (27 feet ~t m1dchannel) about 0.7 mile southward of Liberty Island, thence to Sigourney ~treet, abou~ 0.15 mile below the along the New Jersey pierhead line to Kill Van head of the project, th~nce m 1971-December 1978, 60 Kull, has a controlling depth of about 16 feet, with 6i feet (l~ feet at m1dchannel) to the Hamilton ~hoaling to 11 feet about 125 yards east of Buoy 6 Avenue Bndge. The Gowanus Bay area has sever- m 1976. This channel through connecting branch al shipyards. The largest floating drydock is on the channels, leads to th; former Caven Point Army north side of Gowanus Creek; it has a lifting capac- Terminal Pier, Claremont Terminal, the ConRail

251

252 11. NEW YORK HARBOR car float facility, and Global Marine Terminal. The yards west of Shrewsbury River Lighted Bell Military Ocean Terminal Pier, to the southward of Buoy 2. In January 1981, shoaling to less than 6 Global Marine Terminal, can also be reached feet was reported in the Shrewsbury River close S' through a channel northward of Robbins Reef of the junction with Navesink River in about Light. The channels are well marked with naviga- s 40°23'04\"N., 73°58'42\"W. In Decmber 1980, an ob- tional aids. Note that the buoyage system changes struction covered 2 feet was reported in the southward of Bayonne Terminal Pier. Shrewsbury River channel in about 40°21'16.5\"N., 73°58'45.0\"W. Charts 12327, 12330.-Sandy Hook Bay is the Caution.-All cables within the area in about southern part of Lower Bay, westward of Sandy 10 40°24.2'N., 73°59.0'W., in Shrewsbury River have Hook and eastward of Point Comfort. The bay is been abandoned. Mariners are cautioned that the an excellent anchorage, the depths of water rang- cables remain in place. ing from 30 feet just inside Sandy Hook to 15 feet Tides.-The mean range of tide is as follows: near its southern part; the shoaling is gradual and Highlands, 3.8 feet; Red Bank, 3 feet; Sea Bright, the bottom is good holding ground. The best an- 15 1.7 feet; Branchport, 1.7 feet. Strong southerly and chorage during easterly and southeasterly winds is westerly winds lower the water surface, and north- in the eastern p~rt of the bay. Vessels of more than erly and easterly winds raise it. 24-foot draft wt~l not find good anchorage out of Currents.-At Highlands bridge, the currents have t~e channel until above Fort Wadsworth. Exten- a velocity of about 2.6 knots. At Sea Bright bridge stv~ shoals make off northward and eastward from 20 the velocity is about 1.6 knots. Pomt Comfort, ~ut as t.he ~epths of.water dec;:rease Ice.-Navigation in Shrewsbury and Navesink gradually, soundmgs will give sufficient wammg of Rivers is generally suspended because of ice from too close an approach to the shore.. Heavy fish December to March, inclusive. traps extend out to a depth of .20 feet m places on Supplies.-Gasoline, lubricants, marine supplies, the shoals on the S<?uth~est side of San~y Hook 25 and provisions can be obtained at most of the Bay between Atlantic Highlands and Pomt Com- towns along the shores of the Shrewsbury and fort. . Navesink Rivers. Sandy Hook, the southern pomt at the. entrance Communications.-Railroad or bus connects with to New York Harbo~ and the northern pomt of the New York to points on the New Jersey coast. ~ew !ersey coast, ts low and sandy. The hook, 30 Highlands is a summer resort on the west side of mShcrleuwdsm~guryPlRuIi?verl,sl:isindparatt the mouth Naotfl.o~thale Shrewsbury River 1.5 miles inside the entrance. of Gateway There are good small-craft facilities here. (See the RneesctrinegatioarneaAs,reaan. dLalargnedinargeaiss onfotthepeprmariktteadre. bTihrde smaI.I-eraft [ac1T1t'tes_ t abu1a.t'mn c hart. 12324 ~ on or two lights, a Coast\"Guard station, a standpipe, and 35 services. and suppl.1es avatlable.) A ratlroad con- several towers on the north end of Sandy Hook are nects Ht~hlands ~1th New York. . .The ratlr?a~ bnd.ge across S~rewsbury River at prominent. The light to the north, Sandy Hook Light 15, is frequently relocated to mark the north- Highlands ts m rums. The swmg ~pan over. the em tip of Sandy Hook. The area around Sandy west draw has been re~oved. T~e highway bndge Hook is changeable and subject to severe shoaling; 4-0 100 ya~ds above the railroad bndge has a bascule span with a cleara~ce of 35 fee~. The fe~der system extreme caution is advised. Storm warning signals are displayed at Sandy from .the center ~1er of the ratlroad t;>nd~e to t.he east side of the ~1ghway basc;:ule openmg 1s contm- Hook Coast Guard Station. (See chart.) uous. The east side of the over northward of the Chart 12324.-Shrewsbury River and Navesink 45 b~dge and the west side 0.3 mile southward of the River empty through a common entrance into the bndges. are used as anchor~ges for sm~l cr'.lft. Caution should be exerci~d at. the Junction of southern extremity of Sandy Hook Bay eastward of the Highlands of Navesink. the Shrewsbury and Navesmk Rivers, about 0.6 In May 1979, the controlling depths were: 4 feet m~le southward .of the highway bridg~ at (6! feet at midchannel) in the common entrance to 50 Highlands, to avoid the submerged stone Jetty. the Shrewsbury and Navesink Rivers· thence in Craft entering Navesink River should pass west- Shrewsbury River, 3 feet (6 feet at midchannel) to ward of the junction lighted buoy. The submerged Buoy 31 at the northeast end of Sedge Island, jetty is marked by three seasonal buoys. thence in May 1981, severe shoaling reported to A highway bridge over Shrewsbury River be- the head of navigation at Branchport; thence in 55 tween Rumson and Sea Bright has a bascule span Navesink River, in 1977-0ctober 1978, 3! feet to with a clearance of 15 feet at the abutment. (See the bridge at Oceanic; thence in July 1980, 4 feet 117.215 (a) through (g) and (j)(2-a) and (3), chapter reported to a turning basin and anchorage at Red 2, for drawbridge regulations and opening signals.) Bank. The channels are well marked with naviga- There are numerous small-craft facilities at Sea tional aids, except in Shrewsbury River from Buoy 60 Bright. (See the small-craft facilities tabulation on 31 to the head of navigation at Branchport. chart 12324 for services and supplies available.) In Sept~mber 1979, a submerged obstruction was Pleasure Bay, at the southeast end of Shrewsbury ~eported m the southeast part of Sa~dy Hook Bay, River, is crossed by a fixed highway bridge with a m the approach to Shrewsbury River, about 50 clearance of 25 feet. Branchport is a small town on

t I. NEW YORK HARBOR 253 the east side of Pleasure Bay at the head of naviga- rine supplies, launching ramps, and hull and engine tion. repair; mobile lifts up to 40 tons are available. The There are numerous small~craft facilities in Pleas- basin is used by numerous pleasure and party fish- ure Bay. (See the small-craft facilities tabulation on ing craft. Numerous piles and ruins of former chart 12324 for services and supplies available.) 5 wharves are westward of the basin. The privately dredged and marked channels in Terminal Channel, entered from Sandy Hook Little Silver Creek, Town Creek, Oceanport Creek, Channel about 1 mile west-southwestward of Parker Creek, and Blackberry Creek had control- Sandy Hook, leads south-southwestward to a turn- ling depths of about 5 feet in 1965-67. ing basin and to two deepwater ammunition han- A fixed highway bridge with a clearance of 24 to dling piers of the U.S. Naval Ammunition Depot at feet crosses the westerly part of Shrewsbury River, Leonardo, N.J., a town on the south side of Sandy just eastward of its junction with Parker and Hook Bay. Federal project depth is 35 feet in the Oceanport Creeks. channel and turning basin. (See Notice to Mariners The tributaries that empty into the southeasterly and latest editions of the charts for controlling and southwesterly sides of Shrewsbury River are 15 depths.) The channel is marked by a private crossed by bridges with the following clearances: 207°30' lighted range and by lighted and unlighted Manhassett Creek, fixed highway, 6 feet; Troutmans buoys. A dredged and marked side channel leads Creek, fixed highway, 6 feet; Oceanport Creek, southward from the southeastern end of the turning railroad with swing span, 4 feet; and Parker Creek, basin to an ammunition barge-loading pier; depths fixed railroad, 4 feet. (See 117.215 (a) through (g), 20 of about 11 feet can be carried to and alongside the and (h) (3), and 117.225 (a) through (e), and (f)(7) for pier. The deepwater piers and barge pier are con- drawbridge regulations and opening signals.) nected to the shore by a trestle that extends 1.6 The channel in Navesink River is crooked but miles across the flats from Leonardo. The waters well marked by buoys. The highway bridge across adjacent to the piers and trestle are prohibited to the river between Oceanic and Locust Point has a 25 navigation. (See 110.155 (f) (1), chapter 2, for rules bascule span with a clearance of 22 feet. and regulations.) Oceanic is a town on the south side about 1.7 Security zones have been established in the vicin- miles above the entrance to Navesink River. Small- ity of the U.S. Naval Ammunition Depot and Ter- craft facilities just west of the bridge at Oceanic minal Channel. (See 127.01 through 127.20, and can provide berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, 30 127.301, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) and storage. Hull and engine repairs can be made, A dredged channel, about 0.4 mile eastward of and a 7-ton mobile hoist is available. In May 1981, the trestle at Leonardo, leads southward from a reported depth of 5 feet could be carried to the Sandy Hook Bay to the basin of a State marina. In boatyards. May 1981, the reported controlling depth was 3 Fair Haven is on the south side of Navesink 35 feet in the entrance channel and basin. The channel River about 1 mile above the bridge at Oceanic. A is marked by private buoys and seasonal lights. boatyard and two yacht clubs are at Fair Haven. Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, and The boatyard can provide berths, electricity, gaso- water are available in the basin. A boatyard with a line, water, ice, storage, marine supplies, and hull, 45-foot marine railway is about 0.5 mile eastward engine, and radio repairs; lifts to 15 tons are avail- 40 of the boat basin; complete hull and engine repairs able. In May 1981, a reported depth of about 7 feet can be made. could be taken to the boatyard. Compton Creek, 4 miles westward of Sandy Red Bank, a town near the head of navigation on Hook, is used extensively as a harbor of refuge by the Navesink River, has several small-craft facili- small fishing craft. The creek is entered through a ties. (See the small-craft facilities tabulation on 45 dredged channel that leads from Sandy Hook Bay, chart 12324 for services and supplies available.) thence through Belford (Shoal) Harbor, and thence The dredged channel that extends for l .5 miles to the Main Street Bridge, about 0.4 mile above the above the landings at Red Bank had a centerline mouth. In June 1980, the channel had a midchannel depth of 6 feet to the second highway bridge, and controlling depth of 9! feet to Buoy 9, thence 6! thence 3 feet for the rest of the dredged section in 50 feet to the Main Street Bridge. The entrance chan- 1967. The channel is privately marked by buoys nel is marked by a private 199° lighted range and and stakes. The fixed bridges crossing this channel by buoys. The creek is navigable by small boats for have a least channel width of 36 feet and a clear- I mile to a railroad bridge. The Main Street Bridge ance of 9 feet. has a swing span with a clearance of 4 feet; several 55 fixed bridges upstream of this bridge have a mini- Charts 12327, 12330.-Atlantic Highlands is a mum clearance of 2 feet. town on the south side of Sandy Hook Bay about 2 A boatyard is on the south side of Compton miles west of Sandy Hook. A breakwater, marked Creek, just above the Main Street Bridge. Marine by a light at its eastern end, forms an anchorage supplies, hull and engine repair facilities, and a 90- basin. In March 1981, depths of i foot to 6 feet 60 foot marine railway are available. ~ere available in the basin. The entrance to the Port Monmouth, a village at the head of Comp- basin is marked by a private lighted range. Small- ton Creek, is a shipping point for fresh fish, shellf- craft facilities in the basin can provide berths, elec· ish, and inedible animal products. Several private tricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, storage, ma- landings and a town landing are available.

254 11. NEW YORK HARBOR Pews Creek, about 1 mile northwest of Compton for Perth Amboy, South Amboy, or up the Raritan Creek, is marked at the entrance by a private light. River and Arthur Kill are provided by the Sandx In May 1981, it was reported that 3! feet could be Hook Pilots. (See Pilotage, New York Harbor, dis- carried to a marina in the creek. Berths, electricity, cussed earlier in this chapter.) gasoline, marine supplies, storage, a 20-ton mobile 5 Towage.-Tugs are used by the larger vessels and hoist, and hull and engine repairs are available. are available in New York. (See Towage, New Staten Island forms the northwest side of Lower York Harbor, discussed earlier in this chapter.) Bay. The high wooded ridge of the island has Customs, quarantine, immigration, and agricultural elevations of 100 to over 400 feet. South Beach and quarantine inspections are discussed earlier in this Midland Beach are summer resorts and amusement 10 chapter under New York Harbor. areas on the southeast side of the island. Supplies.-Water can be had at most of the Staten Island Flats are extensive shoals making wharves in Perth Amboy and South Amboy. off from the southeast side of Staten Island. Parts Provisions and marine supplies can be had at Perth of these flats are Old Orchard Shoal and West Amboy, Tottenville, New Brunswick, and South Bank, which border on the main channel up the 15 Amboy. bay. Hoffman Island and Swinburne Island (see also chart 12349), artificial islands on West Bank, are Chart 12331.-Great Kills Harbor, a shallow bight part of Gateway National Recreation Area; landing on the south side of Staten Island northwestward is not permitted. A channel, used by local vessels of Old Orchard Shoal Light, is used as an anchor- of less than 8-foot draft, leads w~stward of West 20 age by small craft. The harbor is entered through a Bank. From the gong buoy 0.6 mtle southward of dredged channel that leads from deep water in Fort Wadsworth, steer southwestward through the Lower New York Bay along the southwesterly dredged channel _and then steer a course for Old side of Crookes Point, thence along the westerly Orchard Shoal Light. . side of the harbor to the head. In March-Septem- New York and New Jersey Channel.s, a senes of 25 ber 1978, the channel had a midchannel controlling dredged channels, extend from the mner end of depth of 9 feet, except for a 3-foot spot on the Sandy Hook Channe_l west of Sandy Hook through northeast side of the channel in about 40°31'54\"N., Lower Bay and Rantan B~y to Perth Amboy, and 74°08'25\"W. The channel is marked by a 334°30' thence. through Arthur Kill, lowe~ Newark Bay, lighted entrance range, and by buoys to the head. and Kill Van Kull, known c~llect1vely as Staten 30 Great Kills Light (40.31.3'N., 74•07.9'W.), 27 feet Island Sou~d, to d~ep water m. Upper ~ay. The above the water, is shown from a red skeleton ~ength of this route is about ~7 mtles and ts approx- tower, with a small white house, on a red concrete tmately along the boundary ltne between the States ba e east 0f the channel entrance. al . of New York and New Jersey. s . • • The channels are well marked by navigational 35 Seasonal daytime storm warnmg sign s are dis- aids; the project depth for the channels are given played. (~ee chart.) . . . A special anchorage ts m Great Kills. ~arbor. under their respective geographic names. (See 110.1 and 110.60 (r-1), chapter 2, for hmits and Charts 12331, 12327.-Raritan Bay is that part of regulation~.) .. the west side ~f. ~reat _Kills Har- Lower Bay lying westward of Point Comfort and 40 Great Kills, on smal_l-craft factlttles ~1th berths, southward of Staten Island. The bay is full of bor, ~a.s several. electn~tty, gasohne, diesel _fuel, wat~r, 1c~, storage, shoals with depths of 7 to 18 feet. Channels.-A Federal project provides for a 35. launchmg ramps, and ~anne _suppbes. Lifts up to foot channel extending through Lower Bay, the 15 ~ons, a _70-foot m~ne ratlway, and hull and northern part of Raritan Bay, to the junction with 45 engme .repair~ are av~lable. _Segume Pou~t, 3 mtles southwest~ard of Great Arthur Kill. (See Notice to Mariners and latest K!lls Harbor, 1~ marked b_y a promment structure editions of the charts for controlling depths.) Anchorages.-General anchorages are in Raritan with a conspicuous chtmney and cupola to Bay. (See 110.1 and 110.155 (j) chapter 2, for limits northward. The abandoned wharf here has a re- so ported depth of about 2 feet at its face. A boatyard and regulations.) Tides.-The mean range of tide in Raritan Bay is with a mobile hoist can handle craft to 12 tons for about 5 feet. do-it-yourself repairs. A launching ramp and berths Ice.-In ordinary winters ice does not seriously are available. interfere with navigation in Raritan River or Ar- Lemon Creek, 0.2 mile westward of Seguine thur Kill, but in severe winters the ice sometimes 55 Point, is a narrow shallow stream used only by prevents the movements of vessels for periods of 2 local boats which enter at high water. The weeks at a time. In easterly winds the drift ice in midchannel controlling depth over the bar is about Lower Bay collects in Raritan Bay and obstructs 2 feet with deeper water inside. The abutment of a navigation, but usually only for a short time, as the former bridge is on the south side of the creek just prevailing westerly winds drive the ice out of the 60 inside the mouth. Overhead power cables crossing bay. the creek at the bridge abutment have a clearance Pilotage for ports in the States of New York and of 47 feet. New Jersey is compulsory for foreign vessels and A small marina on the creek can haul out craft U.S. vessels under register. Pilots for vessels bound up to 8 tons for minor engine and hull repairs;

11. NEW YORK HARBOR 255 berths, electricity, water, ice, and outside storage jetty light. In May 1981, the reported controlling are available. depth was about 4 feet to the railroad bridge at A prominent tower of a former lighthouse with a Morgan, 0.3 mile inside the jetties. The mean range statue on top is on the south side of Staten Island, of tide is about 5 feet. 0.8 mile westward of Seguine Point. Prominent 5 Local boats from Lower Bay usually head for buildings are near the point at Red Bank, 0.3 mile Boundary Light, 1.6 miles east-northeastward of southwestward of the tower. the jetties, and then shape a course to enter be- Keansburg, on Point Comfort on the south side of tween the jetties at the entrance to Cheesequake Raritan Bay, is a summer resort. The wharves on and Stump Creeks. Caution should be exercised to the west side of Point Comfort are in ruins and no IO avoid the sunken wrecks, 0.2 mile eastward of the longer used. east jetty. Waackaack Creek and Thorns Creek, about 0.6 The highway bridge, 0.2 mile inside the jetties, mile southwest of Point Comfort, have a common has a bascule span with a clearance of 25 feet. The entrance protected by floodgates. The gates are overhead power cable just north of the bridge has lowered, thereby closing the harbor, when tides 15 a clearance of 105 feet. The railroad bridge, 0.3 above 4i feet are sustained for a period of time. mile inside the jetties, has a bascule span with a Small-craft facilities on Thoms Creek provide clearance of 3 feet. (See 117.215, (a) through (g), berths, electricity, ice, water, gasoline, marine sup- (j)(4), and (j)(6), chapter 2, for drawbridge regula- plies, and a 20-ton forklift and a 12-ton mobile hoist tions and opening signals.) The twin fixed highway for hull and engine repairs. In May 1981, a re- 20 bridges over Cheesequake Creek, 1.1 miles inside ported depth of I foot could be carried in the the jetties, have clearances of 16 feet. creek. Laurence Harbor is a summer resort on the east Keyport Harbor, 3 miles westward of Point Com- side of Stump Creek, and Morgan is a settlement fort, is a shallow harbor on the south side of on the west side of Cheesequake Creek. There are Raritan Bay between Conaskonk Point and 25 several small-craft facilities with marine railways Matawan Point. A buoyed approach channel leads and lifts in this area. (See the small-craft facilities southward from the bay to a dredged marked tabulation on chart 12328 for services and supplies channel that leads through the harbor to the mouth available.) of Matawan Creek. In June 1981, the dredged channel had a controlling depth of 3i feet. 30 Chart 12332.-Raritan River empties into the Matawan Creek, entered at the head of Keyport western end of Raritan Bay between Perth Amboy Harbor, is used mostly by local craft. In May 1981, and South Amboy. The channel from South the reported controlling depth was 2 feet to the Amboy to New Brunswick is 11 miles long and first highway bridge, thence 2 feet to shoaling to very crooked, but is well marked with navigational bare to the railroad bridge about l.5 miles above 35 aids. Waterborne commerce on the river is in coal, the mouth. Greater depths are available with local ore, and petroleum products. knowledge. (See chart 12327.) Three fixed bridges, Channels.-Vessels enter Raritan River from the one railroad and two highway, cross the creek; east by way of Great Beds Reach and from the least clearances are 49 feet horizontal and 6 feet north by way of Arthur Kill via Raritan River vertical. Least clearance of overhead power cables 40 Cutoff Channel. Controlling depths were 23 feet at crossing the creek is 54 feet. midchannel in Great Beds Reach in 1971·l977, and Keyport is a town on the east side of the en- 14 feet in midchannel in Raritan River Cutoff trance to Matawan Creek. There are several small- Channel, in 1964-0ctober 1980. The controlling craft facilities on Matawan Creek and on the south- midchannel depths in the dredged channels in east side of Keyport Harbor at Keyport. (See the 45 Raritan River are as follows: In 1970-1975, 18 feet small-craft facilities tabulation on chart 12328 for from the west end of Great Beds Reach to the services and supplies available.) Vessels proceed to junction with Titanium Reach, 0.6 mile above the the small-craft facilities at Keyport at high water. Garden State Parkway Bridge, thence in 1962- The mean range of tide is about 5 feet. April 1976, 7l feet to the Washington Canal, and A privately dredged channel, about 25 feet wide so thence about 9 feet to New Brunswick; in April in places. leads about 0.3 mile southwesterly from 1978, 7j feet in Titanium Reach to the National the mouth of Matawan Creek to a marina basin at Lead Industries Titanium Pigment Division Dock, the entrance to Luppatatong Creek. In May 1981, a except for shoaling to 3l feet in the right outside reported depth of 4 feet was available to the mari- quarter, thence 4 feet at midchannel (7 feet in the na. 55 left half) to the Middlesex County Sewage Dock in Cheesequake Creek and Stump Creek, sharing a South Channel, thence in 1963, IO feet to the common entrance and leading southwesterly and Crossman Dock, the head of the dredged channel. southeasterly, respectively, are on the south side of In November 1980, shoaling to an unknown extent Raritan Bay 6 miles westward of Point Comfort. was reported in Titanium Reach and South Chan- !he entrance is between two stone jetties. The east 60 nel. In 1961, the controlling midchannel depth in Jetty is awash at high water. The outer ends are Washington Canal was 12 feet; in South River, 10 f!larked by a daybeacon on the east jetty and a feet to the first highway bridge, thence 8 feet for light on the west jetty. A private light marks a about 1 mile, thence i foot to a point 800 yards sewer outfall about 100 yards northward of the north of the highway bridge at Old Bridge.

256

257

258 11. NEW YORK HARBOR A sunken drydock, marked by a light, is on the practical head of navigation. Berths, gasoline, east side of the river, 1.5 miles above the Garden water, electricity, and winter storage are available.' State Parkway fixed bridge. The wreck extends 60 A mobile hoist can handle boats to 12 tons, and feet into the channel and is visible at all stages of boats to 60 feet can be hauled out on a flatbed the tide. 5 truck and ramp; hull and engine repairs are avail- Bridges.-Several drawbridges and fixed bridges able. cross Raritan River and South River. The distances above the mouth of the Raritan River and Charts 12333, 12331.-Arthur Kill is the narrow clearances follow: ConRail bridge with center-pier body of water separating Staten Island from New swing span, 0.4 mile, 8 feet, overhead power. cable 10 Je~y. The cities of Perth .Amboy, :rottenvil!e, at the bridge has a clearance of 140 feet; Victory Elizabeth, many large factones, and 011 refinenes Highway Bridge with center-pier swing span, 1.4 and storage facilities are on its shores. Northern miles, 28 feet, the northern span only should be Arthur Kill and Kill Van Kull are the major chan- used; Thomas Edison Memorial Bridge with high- nels for bulk, containerized, and petroleum cargo in level fixed span, 1.9 miles, 135 feet; Garden State 15 New York Harbor. Parkway with fixed span, 2 miles, 135 feet; over- Cbannels.-Federal project depth in Arthur Kill is head power cable near Crab Island, 5.2 miles, 128 35 feet. (See Notice to Mariners and latest editions feet; New Jersey Turnpike with fixed span, 8.7 of charts for controlling depths.) miles, 45 feet; overhead power cables, 8.9 miles, Anchorages.-General anchorages are in Arthur 114 feet; and U.S. Highway No. 1 Bridge with 20 Kill. (See 110.1 and 110.155 (i), chapter 2, for limits fixed span, 9.6 miles, 91 feet. The highway bridge and regulations.) over South River at the town of South River has a Tides and currents.-The mean range of tide in fixed span with a clearance of 25 feet. The railroad Arthur Kill is about 5 feet. Throughout Arthur bridge, 0.4 mile upstream, has a swing span with a Kill the flood sets from Raritan Bay to Newark clearance of 4 feet. (See 117.210, chapter 2, for 25 Bay and the ebb in reverse direction. Velocities of drawbridge regulations and opening signals.) The current vary with the loca.tion from about 1 to 1.5 south draw to the ConRail swing bridge between knots. Perth Amboy and South Amboy, was the only usable draw in 1973. Mariners are requested to Chart 12331.-Perth Amboy is on the point at the avoid bridge openings of this bridge during peak Jo junction of Raritan River and Arthur Kill at the commuter hours of 0700 to 0815 and 1700 to 1815, western end of Raritan Bay. The principal wharves Monday through Friday. are along the west bank of Arthur Kill. The great- Tides and currents.-The mean range of tide is est draft entering is about 30 feet. The wharves about 5 feet at South Amboy, 5.8 feet at New have depths of 14 to 30 feet alongside. Good an- Brunswick, and 5.5 feet at the highway bridge on 35 chorage is found abreast some wharves in 30 feet. South River at the town of South River. (For Perth Amboy is a customs port of entry. predictions, consult the Tide Tables.) The tidal cur- The Coast Guard maintains a vessel documenta- rent has a velocity of about 1.5 knots at the Victo- tion office at Perth Amboy. (See appendix for ad- ry Highway Bridge at Perth Amboy. dress.) South Amboy is a city on the south side of the 40 Repairs.-Several ship and boat repair yards are entrance to Raritan River. Waterborne commerce in Perth Amboy. Drydocks are available; the larg- at the port is in fuel oils, coal, sand, and gravel. est floating drydock can handle vessels to 5,000 Depths alongside the wharves and piers range from tons, 330 feet long, 68 feet wide, and 18 feet in about 6 to 30 feet. Water, provisions, and marine draft. Small-craft engine and hull repairs can be supplies can be obtained here. 45 made. Sayre\"fille, 6 miles above South Amboy on the Supplies.-Diesel oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, water, south bank of the Raritan River, is a village impor- lubricants, and marine supplies are available at tant for its brick manufacturing industry. Most of Perth Amboy. the private wharves are used by sand and gravel Outerbridge Crossing Bridge, 1.7 miles above so Ward Point, has a fixed span with a clearance of barges.. South River is a town on the west side of South 143 feet across Arthur Kill between Perth Amboy River 7.5 miles above South Amboy. A marina and Totten\"fille. A private fog signal is at the about 200 yards north of the highway bridge at bridge. A marina at Tottenville provides berths. Old Bridge provides berths, water, marine supplies, electricity, water, storage facilities, and a 15-ton a 2-ton lift, and engine repairs. In May 1981, a 55 mobile hoist for do-it-yourself repairs. In May reported. depth of about 1 foot could be carried to 1981, a reported depth of about S feet could be the manna. carried to the facility. The Delaware and Raritan Canal, closed to Woodbridge Creek enters Arthur Kill from west- na\"!gation. since 1933, had i~ entrance to the ward about 2.8 miles above Ward Point. In May Raritan ~vc:;r at New Brunswick. . 60 1981, !he repoi:ted controlling depth was 6 feet to .A manna ts at HJgbland_ Park across the Raritan the railroad bndge, thence in 1949-1952, the con- River from New Brunswick. In May 1981, a re- trolling depth was about 1 foot to the Town Dock, ported depth of about 3l feet was available from 1.6 miles above the mouth. Commerce on the creek. the head of the Federal project to the marina, the is in petroleum products. A highway bridge, O.S

11. NEW YORK HARBOR 259 mile above the mouth, has a bascule span with a can be contacted on VHF-FM channels 13 (156.65 clearance of 7 feet. A railroad bridge, 100 yards MHz), and 16 (156.80 MHz); call sign, KXS-237. upstream, has a bascule span with a clearance of 5 Elizabethport, about 11 miles above Ward Point, feet. (See 117.225, (a) through (e), and (f) (5), chap- is the eastern part of the city of Elizabeth. It is at ter 2, for drawbridge regulations.) The overhead 5 the northern end of Arthur Kill at its junction with power cables near the bridges have a minimum Newark Bay. clearance of 40 feet. Most of the wharves along the Elizabeth water- Port Socony, on the east side of Arthur Kill 2.9 front are of the bulkhead-marginal type. Depths miles above Ward Point, is a bulk oil storage termi- alongside range from 3 to 32 feet. Waterborne nal. A privately maintained dredged channel leads 10 commerce at these wharves is in petroleum, sand from the main channel in Arthur Kill to the oil and gravel, chemicals and petrochemicals, and veg- company dock. In 1973, a depth of about 35 feet etable and animal oils. was available to the dock. Depths of 15 to 35 feet Elizabeth River enters Arthur Kill from west- were reported alongside the dock in 1977. ward at Elizabethport. In 1959, the midchannel Smith Creek enters Arthur Kill from northward 15 depth in the river was about 4 feet to South First about 3.3 miles above Ward Point. The entrance Street Bridge, 0.5 mile above the mouth, thence l channel is privately marked by stakes. In May foot to the railroad bridge, 0.6 mile above the 1981, a reported depth of 3 feet was available to mouth. The overhead power cable just above the just above the first bend in the channel. The creek entrance has a clearance of 59 feet. South Front is used principally by small craft. 20 Street Bridge, just above the mouth of the river, Several small-craft facilities are along Smith has a bascule span with a clearance of 3 feet; South Creek. (See the small-craft facilities tabulation on First Street Bridge, 0. 5 mile above the mouth has a chart 12328 for services and supplies available.) bascule span with a clearance of 5 feet; and Port Reading, 4.5 miles above Ward Point on the Elizabethport railroad bridge, 0.8 mile above the north side of Arthur Kill, has several oil storage 25 mouth, has a bascule span with a clearance of 14 facilities. Depths of 18 to 36 feet are reported feet. (See 117.225 (a) and (f) (3), chapter 2, for alongside. The large freight terminal northeastward drawbridge regulations.) The bridges above the of the oil facilities is used for the shipment of coal railroad bridge have a least clearance of 3 feet. by barges. Depths alongside the coal pier are re- Kill Van Kull separates the southern shore of the ported as 17 feet on the south side and to feet to 30 city of Bayonne from Staten Island and connects bare on the north side. the Upper Bay of New York Harbor with Newark Fresh Kills enters Arthur Kills from eastward Bay and Arthur Kill. Kill Van Kull is a major about 6 miles above Ward Point. Fresh Kills is channel for petroleum and bulk cargo in New York used as a New York City garbage landfill and is Harbor, and has extensive through traffic and large closed to all navigation except garbage scows. 35 factories on its shores. Channels.-A Federal project provides for a 35- Cbart 12333.-Rahway River enters Arthur Kill foot dredged channel leading through Kill Van from westward, about 7.2 miles above Ward Point, Kull and north of Shooters Island to Arthur Kill. and extends westward for about 4.5 miles to the The dredged channel south of Shooters Island has town of Rahway. It is used only by small craft. In 40 a project depth of 30 feet. (See Notice to Mariners May 1981, a reported depth of 5 feet could be and latest editions of charts for controlling depths.) taken to Lamberts Wharf about 2.1 miles above the Numerous sunken and visible wrecks are in the mouth and about 0.5 mile above the New Jersey channel southward of Shooters Island; caution is Turnpike bridge. advised. Name or location, type of span, distance above 45 Bayonne Bridge, a fixed span with a minimum mouth, and clearances of the bridges over Rahway clearance of 138 feet over the channel (151 feet River are as follows: East Rahway, bascule, 1.7 centerline), crosses Kill Van Kull from just east of miles, 6 feet; Linden and Carteret, fixed, 1.8 miles, Bergen Point, the southwestern end of the city of 36 feet; Lawrence Street, fixed, 3.8 miles, 6 feet; Bayonne, and connects with Staten Island. State Route 25, fixed, 3.9 miles, 23 feet; Milton 50 Tides and currents.-The mean range of tide in Avenue, fixed 42-foot span, 4.2 miles, 4 feet; Mon- Kill Van Kull is about 4.5 feet. The flood current roe Avenue, fixed 30-foot span, 4.4 miles, 7 feet. sets westward and the ebb eastward. In the bight (See 117.210, chapter 2, for drawbridge regulations on the south side of the channel between West and opening signals.) New Brighton and Port Richmond there is more or An overhead power cable with a clearance of 55 less of an eddy when the current is at strength. 165 feet crosses Arthur Kill about 1.7 miles north Constable Hook and Port Johnson, on the north of the Rahway River entrance. shore of Kill Van Kull, are parts of the city of The Goethals Bridge, 10 miles above Ward Point, Bayonne. They are commercially important for the has a fixed span with a clearance of 137 feet over shipment of petroleum and other products. A Arthur Kill just southward of Elizabethport. The 60 dredged channel 23 feet deep, marked by buoys, railroad bridge, 200 yards above Goethals Bridge, leads from the easterly end of Kill Van Kull to the has a vertical lift span with a clearance of 31 feet wharf on the north side of Constable Hook. down and 135 feet up. The railroad lift bridge is A shipyard at Military Ocean Terminal at Ba- equipped with radiotelephone. The bridgetender yonne has a graving dock with a clear length of

260

11. NEW YORK HARBOR 261 1,092 feet, width of 140 feet, and depth of 38 feet The terminal has 26 deep-draft berths with over the blocks. The yard has cranes to 200 tons. depths of 35 to 40 feet reported alongside, and Several private yacht and boat clubs, and a pub- deck heights of 12 feet. lic marina are on the southwestern shore of Ba- A large container-handling complex with exten- yonne above Bergen Point. A 90-ton crane at the 5 sive lift-on/lift-off and roll-on/roll-off systems is at marina can haul out craft for engine and hull re- the terminal. Included in this complex are cranes pairs; berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, and up to 40 tons capable of handling containers up to marine supplies are available. 40 feet long, mobile straddle carriers with 32-ton New Brighton, Port Richmond, and Mariners capacities, cargo-handling buildings with more than Harbor are on the south shore of Kill Van Kull. 10 I-million square feet of storage space, and a large The largest of several shipyards and floating area for open storage. ConRail provides the termi- drydocks on the south shore can handle vessels up nal with direct rail service. Excellent cargo han- to 10,000 tons, 550 feet long, 87 feet wide, and 22 dling and storage facilities are available. feet in draft. All kinds of repairs can be made. Channels.-Federal project in Elizabeth Channel 15 and Elizabeth Pierhead Channel, leading to the ter- Charts 12333, 12337.-Newark Bay has a length of minal from the main channel in Newark Bay, is 35 about 4 miles from Kill Van Kull to the junction of feet. (See Notice to Mariners and latest editions of the two channels leading to Passaic and Hacken- charts for controlling depths.) sack Rivers. The greater part of the bay is very Port Newark Terminal, operated by the Port shoal, but a dredged channel leads through the bay 20 Authority of New York and New Jersey, is on the to the rivers. The channel is well marked by lights western side of Newark Bay 2. 7 miles above the and buoys. Strangers in small vessels should have south entrance, northward of the Port Elizabeth no difficulty when using the chart as a guide. Marine Terminal. It is in the heart of the New Deep-draft vessels should employ a pilot. Jersey industrial area, adjacent to the New Jersey Channels.-Federal project depth in the main 25 Turnpike and Newark Airport. There are 37 deep- channel leading to the branch channels to the Port draft berths; reported depths alongside, 32 to 35 Elizabeth Marine Terminal and Port Newark Ter- feet; deck heights, 11 to 12 feet; many transit and minal, and thence to the junction of Passaic and storage areas and excellent cargo handling facili- Hackensack Rivers is 35 feet. (See Notice to Mari- ties, used for the receipt and shipment of general ners and latest editions of charts for controlling 30 cargo, metals, vegetable oils, petroleum, automo- depths.) biles and machinery, and for the receipt of bananas, Anchorages.-General and special anchorages are rubber products, lumber and pulpwood, and chemi- in Newark Bay. (See 110.1, 110.60 (q), (r), and cals. ConRail provides the terminal with direct rail 110.155 (h), chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) service. The mean range of tide in Newark Bay is about 35 Channels.-Federal project depth in Port Newark 5 feet. Channel and Port Newark Pierhead Channel, lead- Ice sometimes closes navigation during a part of ing to the terminal from the main channel in New- January and February. ark Bay, is 35 feet. (See Notice to Mariners and The railroad bridge across Newark Bay, 0.7 mile latest editions of charts for controlling depths.) above the south entrance, has a vertical-lift span 40 The Turnpike bridge, 0.7 mile above the en- with a clearance of 35 feet down and 135 feet up trance to Port Newark Terminal, has a fixed span over both the east and west draws. (See 117.200, with a clearance of 135 feet. The railroad bridge, chapter 2, for drawbridge regulations and opening 0.2 mile above the Turnpike bridge, has a vertical- signals.) In May 1979, the bridge was being per- lift span with a clearance of 35 feet down and 135 manently maintained in the open position. 45 feet up. (See 117.200, chapter 2, for drawbridge A dredged channel marked by a private un- regulations and opening signals.) The bridgetender lighted range and buoys leads from the main chan- can be reached on VHF-FM channels 13 (156.65 nel about 300 yards north of the railroad bridge MHz) and 16 (156.80 MHz); call sign KS-9968. along the south edge of South Elizabeth Channel Foreign-Trade Zone No. 49 is in Newark/Eliza- to a 300-foot pier of the Allied Chemical and Dye so beth. (See chapter 1, Foreign-Trade Zones, and Corporation. A turning basin is at the inner end of appendix for address.) the channel, and a causeway connects the pier to A marina on the east side of Newark Bay about the shore. In 1977, the controlling depth along the 0.9 mile above the Turnpike bridge provides range was about 9 feet, with greater depths north berths, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, electricity, ice, of the range. 55 storage, marine supplies, and a 25-ton lift; hull and The Port Eli7.abetb Marine Terminal operated by engine repairs can be made. the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, is on Newark Bay in Elizabeth, N.J., on the south Chart 12337.-Passaic River, which flows into the side of Elizabeth Channel south of Port Newark. northwest end of Newark Bay, is used by vessels to The facility is about 8 miles from the Narrows via 60 Passaic, a manufacturing city at the head of naviga- Kill Van Kull. It is adjacent to the New Jersey tion 13 miles above the mouth. Above the Wall Turnpike and Newark Airport in the heart of the Street bridge at Passaic the river is obstructed by New Jersey industrial area, about 25 minutes by boulders partly showing above the water for L5 highway from Manhattan. miles to the Dundee Dam. The city of Newark



11. NEW YORK HARBOR 263 extends along the river for a distance of nearly 5 storage, and marine supplies are available along the miles above the mouth. The towns of Belleville, river below Kearny. Arlington, Rutherford, and Nutley, and several vil- lages are on the river between Newark and Passaic. Hackensack River flows into the northeast end of The channel entrance is well marked. Waterborne 5 Newark Bay and is navigable for about 17.8 miles commerce on the river consists of barge shipments to the dams at New Milford. of sand, gravel, and petroleum products. Channels.-A Federal project provides for a 30- Channels.-A Federal project provides for a 30- foot channel from Newark Bay to a 25-foot turning foot channel from Newark Bay to a point about 0.5 basin about 0.3 mile above the ConRail bridge at mile above the Lincoln Highway Bridge; thence 20 10 Marion. (See Notice to Mariners and latest editions feet to the Jackson Street bridge; thence 16 feet to of charts for controlling depths.) Above this point the ConRail bridge at Arlington; thence 10 feet to in 1948-February 1971, depths of 11 feet were the Eighth Street Bridge at Passaic. (See Notice to available for varying widths with local knowledge Mariners and latest editions of charts for control- to the N.Y.S. & W.R.R. bridge at Hackensack, 14.2 ling depths.) 15 miles above the mouth. The channel is well marked Bridges.-More than 20 draw and fixed bridges with aids. cross the Passaic River between the mouth and Bridges.-More than 15 draw and fixed bridges Passaic. The minimum clearance of the bridges cross the Hackensack R~v~r between the mouth with fixed spans is 100 feet at the New Jersey an~ Hack~nsack. The mm~mum clearance of the Turnpike Bridge, 2.4 miles above the mouth. In 20 bndges with .fixed span~ is .49 feet at. the New October 1980, the draws of the railroad bridge at Jersey Turnpike Authonty h1gh~a.y bndge about Arlington, 7.2 miles above the mouth, were so re- 10 miles ~bove t~e mouth. The .mm1mum clearance stricted that mariners were advised to utilize the of the bndge~ with drawspans is 2 feet at Hacken- west fixed span, clearance 35 feet. The minimum sack, 14.2 mlles abo\".e the mou~h. (See ll7.2~, clearance of the bridges with drawspans is 7 feet. 25 c.hapter 2, for drawb~1dge regulations and openmg (See 117.200, chapter 2, for regulations and open- sign~ls) The fixed bndges above Hackensa~k. have ing signals for drawbridges crossing Passaic River.) a mimmum clearance of 2 feet. The mi~1mum The railroad swing bridge at Point No Point, 2.3 clearance of. the cabl~s over Hackensack River to miles above the mouth, is equipped with a radio- Hackens.ack ts 89 feet, thence 26 feet to the dams at telephone. The bridgetender can be contacted on 30 New Milford. VHF-FM channels 13 (156.65 MHz) and 16 (156. 80 In September .1980, .the MHz); call sign, KR-6938. The Second Street and fender ~ystem of the EthieghqtrhegSotrreye.tA\"b.eanscuueIesw~mpagnsphat·ngh.~ha~gyhwb~ryidbgn~dsg d Court Street swmg bndg~ 14. l mdes. ~bove th~ an mouth was reported to be m poor condition. Man- e at 35 ners should exercise caution when transiting the brid e. Only one barge at a time should transit the Passaic remam m the closed position with a clear- b .dg ance o~ 5 feet for the basc~e spans a~d 12 feet for nT~~· railroad drawbridges over the Hackensack the S';'Vtng span. The fixed highway bndge between River are equipped with radiotelephones. The P~s~ic and Garfield has a clearance of 5 feet. ~e bridgetenders can be contacted on VHF-FM chan- m~im~m clearance of the cables over Passaic 40 nels 13 (156.65 MHz) and 16 (156.80 MHz). Call River ts 135 feet. .. . signs for the ConRail bridges, 2.6 and 4.4 miles In 1973, the _unused ~onRatl swmg .~ndge at above the entrance are KQ-7198 and KU-800, Newark was bemg kept _m the op~n position. The respectively. fender syste~ of. the bnd.ge was m an advanced Tides.-The mean range of tide is about 5 feet at state. of det~noratt?n· Manners shoul~ use ext~e~e 45 the mouth of Hackensack River, 5.3 feet at Little caution w~tle passmg through th~ bndge, avmdmg Ferry, and 5.3 feet at Hackensack. (See the Tide contact with any ~art of th~ bnd_ge structure: In Tables for predictions.) The river has little freshet 1981, the unused railroad swmg bndge at Hamson flow and the tidal currents are rarely affected by ~as reportedly being maintained in the open posi- it. ' Uon: .. . . so Small-craft facilities.-There are several boatyards T1des.-The mean range of tide m Passaic River and marinas on the Hackensack River at Little from the mouth to Passaic is about 5 feet. Ferry and at Carlstadt, opposite Secaucus. A mobile ~ FNreeswhaerts~ovaenrdcosmome ethtiemfelsootdo current down as far hoist at Carlstadt can handle boats to3250feetot nls~nagndfoar the mouth of the marine railway can handle craft to nv~r. Ordmary ~reshets usually of a few hours du- 55 complete engine and hull repairs. Berths, electrici- rattof': cause a nse of about 2 feet and a curr~nt ty, gasoline, water, ice, storage, and marine sup- veloc1ty of about 3 knots at Newark. Destructive plies are available. freshets occasionally occur at intervals of years, Berrys Creek Canal flows into the Hackensack generally in the spring and fall. River from westward 6.8 miles above the mouth. A Small-craft facilities.-There are several boatyards 60 midchannel depth of about 11 feet is available to along the Passaic River between the entrance and the bridge about 1 mile above the entrance. Two Passaic. A marine railway at Arlington can handle fixed highway bridges with a least clearance of 35 vessels to 40 feet long for complete engine and hull feet cross the creek just above the entrance. The repairs. Berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, bridge about 1 mile above the entrance has a clear- 362-885 0 - 82 - 18 QL 3

264 11. NEW YORK HARBOR ance of 40 feet, and the overhead power cable bridges at the entrance have bascule and swing close southward of the bridge has a clearance of 45 spans with a minimum clearance of 3 feet. (S~ feet. The overhead power cable 0.8 mile upstream 117.200, chapter 2, for drawbridge regulations and from the bridge has a clearance of 54 feet. opening signals.) A dam, about 0.8 mile above the Overpeck Creek flows into the Hackensack River 5 mouth, forms the head of navigation on the creek. from eastward 11.1 miles above the mouth. The

12. HUDSON RIVER This chapter describes the Hudson River from Vessels proceeding from New York to Albany New York City to Troy, N.Y., and includes the occasionally anchor overnight in the vicinity of principal cities of Yonkers, Newburgh, Poughkeep- Kingston, 79 miles above The Battery and 47 miles sie, Kingston, and Albany. below Albany, to await daylight hours for passing Mileages shown in this chapter for the Hudson s through the constricted part of the river. River as Mile 0.9E, Mile 12W, etc., are the nautical A buoyed anchorage, 400 feet wide and 2,400 miles above The Battery; the letters N, S, E, and feet long, with depths of 32 feet is on the east side W denote by compass points the side of the river of the channel just above Stuyvesant, 111 miles where each feature is located. Mile 0.0 is a point at above The Battery and 15 miles below Albany. the mouth of the Hudson River in 40°42. l 'N., 10 Dangers.-Numerous fishtraps are planted each 74°01.5' w. spring, usually from about mid-March to mid-May, during the seasonal run of shad to the spawning Charts 12335, 12341, 12345-12346, 12343, 12347- grounds in the upper Hudson. The charts show the 12348.-Hudson River, sometimes called North River fishtrap areas in the 30-mile stretch beginning about in New York City, has its source in the Adiron- 15 5 miles above The Battery and extending upriver dack Mountains, about 275 miles along its course to Stony Point; Corps of Engineers permits are from a junction with East River at The Battery, required for the placing of shad nets and poles in N.Y., and flows in a general southerly direction the charted areas. Outer limits of the nets usually into New York Upper Bay. Troy Lock and Dam, are marked by flags during the day and by lights 134 miles above The Battery, permits vessels to 20 during the night. Caution is advised when navigat- pass from tidewater to the upper river and the ing a fishtrap area because broken-off poles from New York State Barge Canal System. The river previous traps may remain under the surface. water is usually fresh as far south as Poughkeepsie, Navigation of the river is easy as far north as halfway from Troy Lock and Dam to The Battery. Kingston, but above Kingston it is more difficult New York City extends along the eastern bank 25 because of the numerous steep-to shoals and middle of Hudson River for a distance of about 14 miles grounds. In general tows are apt to follow the above The Battery. For about 5 miles northward shoreline which is most favorable as regards wind from The Battery, the New York waterfront is an and current; with a strong northwest wind, tows almost continuous line of wharves and piers, some will follow the west shore regardless of the direc- of which can accommodate the largest transatlantic 30 tion in which they are traveling. liners. Tides.-The tides in Hudson River are affected by On the opposite side of Hudson River from New freshets, winds, and droughts. Because of these York City are Jersey City, Hoboken, Weehawken, variables the predictions given in the Tide Tables Guttenberg, Hudson Heights, Edgewater, and Fort for points above George Washington Bridge are Lee; this entire stretch of about 9 miles is lined 35 based upon averages for the 6-month period, May with piers. to October, when the freshwater discharge is at a Channels.-The lower Hudson River has depths minimum. of 45 feet or more in midchannel from deep water The mean range of tide is 4.5 feet at The Bat- in Upper New York Bay off Ellis Island to the tery, 3.7 feet at Yonkers, 2.8 feet at Newburgh, 3.1 upper limit of New York City's major wharves at 40 feet at Poughkeepsie, 3.7 feet at Kingston, 4.6 feet 59th Street, about 5.3 miles above the entrance. at Albany, and 4.7 feet at Troy. (Daily predictions Above this point, the Federal project depth is 32 for The Battery and Albany are given in the Tide feet to Albany, except for that section of the chan- Tables.) nel along the New Jersey Weehawken-Edgewater Currents.-The currents in Hudson River are in- waterfront between 85th Street and 156th Street, 45 fluenced by the same variables that affect the tides. Manhattan, where the project depth is 30 feet. (See The times of slack water and the velocities and Notice to Mariners and latest editions of charts for durations of flood and ebb are subject to extensive controlling depths.) changes; the times of strengths are less likely to be Bridges.-The bridges over Hudson River from affected. The currents usually set fair with the New York Harbor to Albany have either fixed or 50 channels except in the vicinities of bends and suspension spans; the minimum clearance is 135 wharves. feet. The least clearance of the overhead cables is Velocities of currents are 1.5 knots flood and 2.3 145 feet. knots ebb northwest of The Battery, 1.6 and 2.2 Anchorages.-General anchorages begiti 5 miles knots at George Washington Bridge, 0.9 and 1.1 a~ve The Battery and extend upriver for about 10 55 knots at Newburgh, 1.1 and l.2 knots at miles. (See 110.1 and 110.155, chapter 2, for limits Poughkeepsie, l.3 and 1.6 knots at Kingston, and and regulations.) 0.3 knot flood and 0.8 knot ebb at Albany. Near 265

266

12. HUDSON RIVER 267 Troy Lock and Dam, the current does not flood vessels proceeding from or to Execution Rocks by and the ebb has a velocity of 0.7 knot. These val- Hell Gate Pilots. ues are for the summer when the freshwater dis- Towage.-Tugs are available in New York Harbor charge is at a minimum. and at Albany. (See chapter 11, and Albany later in Daily current predictions for the Narrows, New s this chapter.) York Harbor, are given in the Tidal Current Ta- Quarantine, customs, and immigration.-Matters bles. Predictions for places along Hudson River pertaining to these services for places along Hud- may be obtained by applying the differences and son River are handled at the Port of New York or ratios listed for these places in the tables. The di- at Albany. (See chapter 11, New York Harbor, and rections and velocities of the currents throughout 10 Albany later in this chapter.) New York Harbor for every hour of the tidal cycle are shown on the Tidal Current Charts, New York Chart 12335.-Hudson River averages about 0.6 Harbor. mile in width along this 5-mile stretch above The Ice.-ln even extremely severe winters, Coast Battery. The chart covers most of the principal Guard icebreakers and continuous river traffic 15 wharves on the New York City side and those of maintain an open channel to Albany. The ice sea- Jersey City, Hoboken, and Weehawken on the west, son usually starts in early January and ends in mid- or New Jersey, side. March. Normally shipping is affected most seri- ously in the Hudson River between Tappan Zee Chart 12341.-0n the New Jersey side of the and Albany. Modern vessels experience little dif- 20 river are the piers of Guttenberg, Mile 5.5W; Hud- ficulty maneuvering through the ice, but may be son Heights, Mile 6.5W; Edgewater, Mile 7.5W; and slowed by other river traffic. In addition to the Fort Lee, Mile 9.5W. Small-craft facilities at Edge- problem of getting through the ice, aids to naviga- water can provide berths, electricity, gasoline, die- tion are covered or dragged off station by moving sel fuel, water, ice, limited marine supplies, storage, ice. Buoys are removed from the Hudson River 25 and hull and engine repairs. The largest mobile during the ice season, then reset in late March hoist can handle craft to 25 tons. In May 1981, when the ice clears. However, the river is well depths of 5 to 7 feet were reported in the basins at marked by lights along the shore. the facilities. Freshets.-During March, April, and May, The New York side of the river is mostly park- freshets have reached heights above normal high 30 way for the length of the chart. A marina, at Mile water of as much as 18 feet at Albany and 25 feet 5.5E, opposite Guttenberg, can provide berths, at Troy Lock and Dam. At the time of the larger electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, marine freshets the tide may be completely masked, the supplies, and minor engine repairs. In May 1981, water continuing to rise and fall for a period of depths at the marina were reported to range from several days without any tidal oscillation. At the 35 12 feet to bare. time of smaller freshets the range of tide is greatly Sailors and Soldiers Monument, Mile 6.2E, is a diminished and the times of high and low waters prominent landmark at 89th Street and Riverside are somewhat delayed. Drive, Manhattan. During the smaller freshets, the flood current General Grants Tomb, Mile 7.7E, is prominent at disappears and the ebb current has a velocity of 40 123rd Street and Riverside Drive, Manhattan. about 1.5 knots. The larger freshets produce an ebb George Washington Bridge, Mile 10, crosses Hud- current that varies from 1.5 to nearly 5 knots de- son River from Fort Lee, N.J., to Fort Washington pending on the size of the freshet and the stage of Point, New York City. The suspension span is the tide. nearly 0.6 mile long from shore to shore, and the Pilotage is compulsory on the Hudson River for 45 tops of the towers are about 600 feet above the foreign vessels and U.S. vessels under register. Pi- water. The clearance at midriver is more than 200 lotage north of Yonkers is provided by the Hudson feet. River Pilots Association (telephone: 914-423-3360 or 212-542-5854 during weekdays and 201-836-9402 Chart 12345.-From Fort Lee, N.J., the rocky at night or during weekends). Arrangements for so cliffs of Palisades State Park and adjoining Tallman pilot services are generally made in advance Mountain State Park extend up the west side of the through ships' agents or directly by shipping com- river for about 12 miles to Piermont, N.Y. The panies: 24-hour service is provided. The 40-foot Palisades are 300 to 500 feet high and in places are pilot boat JOHN E. FLYNN, berthed at the pilot thickly wooded with scrub. station, has a black hull and white superstructure 55 Tubby Hook, Mile 11 E, has several small-boat and the word \"PILOT\" in large red letters on each landings. side of the deckhouse. Pilots board vessels from the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, entered at Mile 12E, is pilot boat in midriver (40°56'21 #N., 73°54'41 \"W.) marked by the railroad swing bridge over the off the pilot station at Yonkers, N.Y.; pilots debark mouth. The creek is the Hudson River entrance to ~t the same location. Bridge-to-bridge communica- 60 Harlem River, which is described in chapter 9. t1on on VHF-FM channel 13 (156.65 .MHz) is Currents are swift and erratic around the mouth of maintained by the pilots on the Hudson River. Ves- the creek. sels between Yonkers and Ambrose Channel en- Englewood Boat Basin, on the New Jersey side trance are serviced by Sandy Hook Pilots, and opposite Spuyten Duyvil Creek, has depths of 3 to

268 12. HUDSON RIVER 5 feet and can accommodate craft to 50 feet long; of the terminal wharves; guest moorings are avail· baber~t~hnsk, egrassolMiniel,e diesel fuel, and water are avail- ab~t Piermont, Mile 22W, an earthen embankmen~ 16E, adjoins the north side of extends 0.8 mile channelward from the shore to New York City. Waterborne commerce is in petro· s Piermont Pier. ConRail has a terminus at the inner leum products, sugar and syrup products, cement, end of the embankment; a tank, and sever~ stacks sand and other building materials. and buildings are prominent. A T-head pie!, used A' sugar refining plant (40\"55'45# N., by Columbia University to moor its geological re- 73\"54'2l\"W) h a 400-foot marginal wharf with search vessels, extends from the outer end of Pier- de~\\~::g~} :;~~!sTai:rih:Cta~~~ ~/~~~ ~F af~~~~: f~~~~~depths 10 of 10 of 30 Ttohae;8pflede~tt ahloansgs4di5d,ebooaondsa~eyor sys- and other piers and several visible wrecks are on feet. covered storage an is serve Ya n h h ·d f p· t Pier tern with two 20-ton hoppers for the receipt of r~w t e sout s1 e o 1ermon · sugar. Vessels berth outboard of two floatmg 15 Chart 12343.-A foul area, marked at its cranes moored at the face of the wharf. northeastern end by a frliogmhtetdh~bu~outye, rexetnedndosf aPbioeur-t Several other private facilities at Yonkers, used m30o0otyaPridesr. northward wreck is JUSt southward of A sunken mainly by barges, have reported depths of 12 to 30 feet alongside. .. . the buoy· caution is advised. The U.S. Volunteer Life Savmg Corporation repInorMtedayin198th1~ shoaling to an unknown extent was maintains small craft at Yonkers for search and 20 area from the outer end of Pier- rescue work. !hey can be contacted through the moot Pier north to Lower Nyack Landing, Mile Coast Guard m New York. 24.6W· caution is advised. Sev~ral small-craft facilities are just northward Chart 12346.-Alpine 1.~ a . . at 25 of Piermont Pier. Berths, electricity, gasoline, promment landmg MPailliesad1e6sWI.nteArstbaoteatPabraksmComhemre1!ss1?0pne,raatfefcd~rdbsyshtehle- water, ice, storage, marine supplies, mobile hoists up to 10 tons, and hull and engine repairs are ter for numerous small c~aft; berths, gasolme, elec- available. In May 1981, reported depths of 4 feet tricity, and water are available. In May 1981, 4 feet could be carried to the facilities. A scuba diving reported in the basi~. . was special anchorage adjotns ~ yacht cl~b on the 30 team of the Piermont Volunteer Fire Department is A available for underwater search and rescue work. Yonkers side of the Hudson River, 17 miles above They can be contacted through the Piermont Po- The Battery; another special anchorage is about 0.5 lice Department; telephone (914-359-0240). mile to the northward. (Se~ ~10.1 and 110.~ (o) Tappan Zee is the 2-mile-wide part ?f Hud~n and (o-1), chapter 2, for llmlts and regulations.) 35 River between Piermont and Croton Pomt, 8 miles Several private boat clubs are at Greyst!lne Sta- to the northward. tion, just north of Yonkers; guest moonngs are Tappan Zee Bridge, Mile 23.5, crosses Tappan available. . 19E, has several pr~m- Zee from Nyack to Tarrytown. The fixed span Hastings-on-Hudson, Mile over the main channel has a clearance of 139 feet. tanks along its waterfront wh1~h inent stacks and at night. ~e 45-foot T-head pier 40 The 500.foot east and west spans, on either side of are floodlighted the main span, have clearances of 123 feet. Three of the Tappan Tanker Ternunal, near the southern auxiliary openings for small boats have clearances end of the waterfront, has depths of 35 fee~ along- of 11 feet. side, deck height of 7 feet, and can provide 200 Tarrytown, Mile 24E, has about 1 mile of devel- feet of berthing space .w~th do~phins. 45 oped waterfront, part of which has been improved A private boat club 1s unmed1ately southward of by dredging. the tanker terminal; guest mooring~ arc: av~l~ble. An abandoned lighthouse and the large b~ildings A yacht club, northward of the marma, 1s adJomed of an automobile assembly plant are promment at by a special anchorage. (See 110.1 and 110.60 (p), Tarrytown. chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) Limited guest so In November 1979, controlling depths in the im- berths and gasoline are available. In M~y 1981, a proved channel in Tarrytown ~bor were 7 feet reported depth of 4 feet could be earned to the in the waterfront channel and m the access chan- fuel dock. nels leading southwest and northwest of the water- The boundary line between the States of New front channel to deep water in Hudson River. The Jersey and New York. extends northw~tward fr'!m ss easterly edge of the waterfront channel ~ong the a point on the west Side of Hudson River at Mile wharf has shoaled to 6 feet. An obstruction, con- 19. The river is 0.8 mile wide at this point. sisting of rocks, is at the channel edge, in Dobbs Ferry is a town at Mile 20.SE. A stack on 41 \"04.8'N., 73°52.2' W. the waterfront and several cupolas are prominent. Both access channels are buoyed. A lighted Irvington, Mile 22E, has a large lumber terminal 60 048\"30' range marks the sout~west channel.. . at the southern end of the waterfront, and a small Tarrytown Harbor usually is open to nav1gat1on \"private wharf at the northern end. In May 1981, throughout the year, but in severe winters ice floes alongside depths of 7 to 10 feet were reported at from the upper river may temporarily block the the lumber wharf. A private boat club is just north channels.

12. HUDSON RIVER 269 Several waterfront terminals, with depths of 10 2.5 miles. The extensive flats in the eastern half of feet alongside, are available at Tarrytown, and the bay have depths of 5 to 9 feet. The dredged there are rail connections nearby. The wharves are channel through Haverstraw Bay is marked by used mostly for the receipt of petroleum products, lighted buoys and two lighted ranges. sand, gravel, and crushed rock. 5 Croton-on-Hudson, on the east side of A marina is southward of the principal wharves; Haverstraw Bay at Mile 3l.5E, has a yacht club. berths, gasoline, diesel fuel, electricity, water, ice, High Tor, 820 feet high, is on the west side of marine supplies, a 15-ton mobile hoist, and minor Haverstraw Bay at Mile 32W. hull and engine repairs are available. Two private Haverstraw, on the west side of Haverstraw Bay boat clubs are southward of the marina; a launch- to at Mile 33W., has several abandoned brickyards ing ramp is available. along its waterfront. Prominent on Bowline Point Nyack, on the west side of Tappan Zee at Mile (41°12.2'N., 73°57.6' W.) are the cement stacks and 25W, has ~ prominent tower resembling.~ .light- large red rectangular buildings of a J>9Werplant. A house <?n its waterfront. S~all-craft ~acil1t1~ at T-shaped pier, operated by the poweq)fant and Nyack mclude a boatyard with a manne railway 15 marked by private lights, extends off Bowline that can handle craft to 40 feet long for complete Point. engine and hull repairs; the railway, just south of Two marginal wharves, used by barges and op- I;ower Nyack L~~~g, can only. be used ~t high erated by sand, stone, and gravel companies, are tide: Storage factbttes and manne supplies are about O.7 mile southward of Bowline Point. In available. A boat cl~b on the nort~ side of the 20 May 1981, depths of 7l feet were reported along- watert:ront can provide guest moorings. In ~ay side the wharves. A small private boat club is in 1981, tt was reported that 4l feet could be earned the cove immediately northward of the more to the gasoline dock.. northerly wharf. In May_ 1981, shoalmg to an unknown extent ~as Grassy Point is on the west side of Haverstraw reported m the area from _Lower ~yack ~dmg 25 Bay at Mile 34W. A gypsum pier, marked on its south to ~he outer end ?f Piermont Pier, Mile 22W. outer end by a private light, is on the south side of A special anchorage ts at ~y~ck. (See 110.~ and the point; depths of about 30 feet are reported 110.60 (o-2), chapter 2, for ~1rmts and regulations.) alongside. Numerous small-craft facilities are north Upper Ny~, about 0.6 mil~ nort~ of Nyack, has and south of Grassy Point. Berths, electricity, gaso- a boatyard with a 50-ton mobile hoist and a 25-ton 30 line, diesel fuel, water, ice, storage, marine supplies, fixed crane. The boatyard wharf has. ~epths of lifts to 40 tons, and engine and hull repairs are ~bout 5 feet ~t the face.. Berths, _electncitr, gaso- available. In May 1981, depths of 13 to 22 feet line, water, ~tesel fuel, tee, ~anne sup~bes, and were reported in the cove south of the point. coHmopolekteMenougnmtaeina,nd73h0ultlieertephaiigrsh,art·se oanvaitlhaeblew. est enSdtobnyy aPolii.gnht,t Mi.le . 35 35W, marked at the outer IS side of Tappan Zee at Mile 27W. The summit is Verplanck P~·m. t, . 3.5.5E, . marked on . only 0.3 mile inland and is very prominent from Mile tts 1S the river. nort~~estem side by promment gray erod_ed b~ks Ossining is on the east side of Tappan Zee at ~f tail~~~ from a trap-rock plant. Two oil rece1v- mg fac1hties at Verplan<?k Pomt have dept~.~f 8 to Mile 29E. In May 1981, depths of 5 to 6 feet were 40 12 feet. reported al~ngs1de. Small-cr~ft_ fac1ht1es. on reported on the flats off the oil storage receiving facility piers at Ossining. Sing Sing Prison, a State the po~t can provide bert~•. electnc~ty, gasoh.ne, penitentiary, is on the low flat shore on the south ~ater, tee, storage, an~ hm1ted manne suppl~es; side of Ossining. Two water towers near the prison hfts _to 20 tons are available for hull and engme are prominent. A marina at the north end of town 45 repairs. In M:iy 1981, re~r~ depths of 4 feet can handle craft to 15 tons for hull and engine could. be c~ned to the factl~ties. . In~ Pomt, on the east side of ~udS?n Riv~r, repairs; marine supplies are available. There are also two boat clubs and a yacht club at Ossining; 1.7 mtles northward of Verplanck Pomt, ts the s~te gasoline, water, ice, and guest berths are available. of a nuclear ~werplant. A tall red and white In May 1981, a reported depth of 4 feet could be 50 banded s~ck, lighted on top, and two large domes are con~picuous on the pomt.. carried to the yacht club gasoline dock. From Hook Mountain, Mile 27W, northward to Tomkins Cove, a town at Mtle 36W, has a large risesHaverstraw Mile 33W the west bank of the Hud- stone quarry, a rock crusher, and a trap-rock plant. son River precipitously to heights of more The offshore pier connected to the shore by a than 800 feet. 55 conveyor system has 700 feet of berthing space Croton Point, Mile 30E, is a long peninsula that with d_olphins; depths of ~5 to. 25 feet are reported extends 1.5 miles channelward from the main alongside. Crushed rock IS shipped by barge. Nu- shore. Croton Point Park is on the southwest part merous beached barges _sout~ of the pier are promi- of the peninsula. ConRail has several prominent nent. A powerplant pier, Just northward of the brick repair shops at Harmon, near the inner end of 60 wharf, consists of four cement steel-filled cells, the Croton Point. center two of which are connected to each other Ha\"entra\" Bay is the wide stretch of Hudson and the shore by a steel catwalk. Depths of about River between Croton Point and Stony Point, 5 40 feet were reported alongside. miles to the northward; the greatest width is about An overhead power cable with a clearance of

270 12. HUDSON RIVER 160 feet crosses the Hudson River north of Tomp- scending the river, particularly with a fair current, kins Cove. there is a tendency to set toward the rock; caution, Peekskill is at the head of a shallow bight at is advised. Mile 38E. A dredged U-shaped channel extends Highland Falls, Mile 44W, is the site of the northeastward from deep water in Hudson River to 5 LadyclitT School for Women. A tower at the the wharf area and thence northwestward back to school is prominent. deep water. The channel is buoyed, and a light A yacht club at Garrison, Mile 45E, has depths marks the north side of the southern entrance. In of about 20 feet alongside its fuel dock. Craft up to October 1979, the controlling depths were 4! feet 60 feet in length can be accommodated at the slips; in the south channel, 2! feet in the north channel, to gasoline, water, electricity, and some marine sup- and l foot in the channel west of the wharves. plies are available. A yacht club at Peekskill has guest berths, gaso- West Point, Mile 45W, is the site of the U.S. line, electricity, water, and ice. A public ramp is Military Academy. The academy is easily recog- also available. nized from the prominence of the buildings and the An oil receiving pier at Roa Hook, on the north 15 road leading up the hillside from the railroad sta- side of Peekskill, has a reported depth of about 13 tion and wharfs on the riverbank. feet alongside. A special anchorage is at West Point. (See 110.1 Peeks Kill is a very shallow creek on the north and 110.60 (p-1), chapter 2, for limits and regula- side of Peekskill. The railroad bridge over the en- tions.) trance has a bascule span with a clearance of 3 20 The northeastern extremity of West Point de- feet. The bridge is maintained in the closed posi- scends to Gees Point, a rocky feature which is tion. (See 117.190 (a) and (f)(l)(vii), chapter 2, for marked by a light with fog signals. About 0.2 mile drawbridge regulations.) The highway bridge 0.2 south of Gees Point, another light marks the outer mile above the railroad bridge has a fixed span edge of a rocky shallow area along the west bank. with a clearance of 19 feet. 25 Worlds End, a sharp bend in the Hudson River at In May 1981, it was reported that the sewer Mile 46, has depths of more than 100 feet. Extreme outfall on the flats southwest of the mouth of Peeks caution should be exercised when passing through KilJ was awash at low water; caution is advised. Worlds End; the view is obstructed and vessels Dunderherg Mountain, 1,110 feet high, is a dense- should reduce speed and sound a warning signal. ly wooded mountain at Mile 38W. The mountain Jo Constitution Island is on the upper side of slopes eastward to Jones Point, which is low and Worlds End at Mile 46.SE. Magazine Point, on the flat. channel side of the island, is marked by a light. The river becomes much narrower at Jones Crows Nest, Mile 47W, is 1,403 feet high and Point and has an average width of 0.3 mile for the prominent. A boat club is at Cold Spring, Mile next 8 miles between the bases of the highlands on 35 47.3E. both sides. When approaching the sharp turns in Little Stony Point, Mile 48E, is the site of a rock this reach, caution should be exercised and a warn- quarry with a prominent hopper structure. ing signal should be given. Storm King Mountain, 1,355 feet high, is promi- lona Island, formerly a naval depot at Mile 40W, nent at Mile 49W. is controlled by the Palisades Interstate Park Com- 40 Breakneck Point, on the opposite side of Hudson mission. A light, shown from a skeleton tower on River from Storm King Mountain, is marked by the north side of the island, is conspicuous. one highway tunnel and two railroad tunnels; the A rock, with a depth of 10 feet over it and lights are prominent at night. Behind Breakneck marked by a buoy, is 0.2 mile north-northwestward Point is Breakneck Ridge, 1,196 feet high. of the northernmost point of Iona Island. When 45 Cornwall On The Hudson is at Mile SOW. The descending the river, particularly with a strong fair wharf at Cornwall is in ruins. A boat club and a current, a careful watch should be maintained to yacht club, about 0.6 mile southeastward of the avoid being set on this rock. wharf in ruins, can provide gasoline, water, and Bear Mountain, Mile 40.JW, is 1,305 feet high ice; guest moorings and a launching ramp are avail- and has its summit about 1 mile inland. There are so able. In May 1981, the reported depths were 10 wharves at Day Line Park, on the riverbank at the feet at the gasoline dock and 3 feet in the basin. foot of the mountain. Pollepel Island, Mile SOE, is a private estate with Antbonys Nose, 900 feet high, is a steep, thickly buildings that resemble a medieval castle. A light is wooded hill at Mile 40.SE. Anthonys Nose shown from a skeleton tower 0.1 mile off the west Aerolight (41°19.l'N., 73°58.5' W.), 950 feet above ss side of the island. the water, is shown from a tower atop the hill. Newburgh, Mile 53W, is a major petroleum dis- Bear Mountain Bridge, Mile 40.6 crosses the tribution center. Most of the piers of the major oil Hudson River from Bear Mountain to Anthonys companies are at New Windsor, the southern end of Nose. The suspension span has a clearance of 155 the 2-mile waterfront at Newburgh. Depths at the feet. 60 piers are reported to range from about 14 feet at Con Hook, a small island at Mile 43W, is marked the northern end to 35 feet at the southern end of on its channel side by a light. A rock, with a depth the waterfront. of 7 feet over it and marked by a lighted buoy, is The yacht club landing near the north end of the about 0.3 mile southward of Con Hook. When de- Newburgh waterfront has reported depths of about

12. HUDSON RIVER 271 10 feet alongside. The marine railways here can entrance to Wappinger Creek, has berths, electrici- handle craft up to 46 feet for minor engine and hull ty, gasoline, water, ice, a 16-ton lift, and marine repairs; berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, supplies; hull and engine repairs can be made. In water, ice, launching ramps, and marine supplies June 1981, depths of 20 feet were reported along- are available. A shipbuilding company at New- 5 side the gasoline dock and 3 feet alongside the burgh can make emergency repairs to commercial berths. vessels. A marine railway at the yard can handle A boat club at Marlboro, Mile 59.7W, can pro- vessels to 140 feet, and cranes to 150 tons are vide gasoline and water. available. Poughkeepsie, Mile 66E, is an important industri- Foreign-Trade Zone No. 37 is in Newburgh. (See IO al center specializing in manufactured goods, oil, chapter 1, Foreign-Trade Zones, and appendix for and lumber. address.) Mid Hudson Bridge, a suspension span with a Beacon, on the east bank of the Hudson River clearance of 137 feet, and a fixed railroad bridge opposite Newburgh, has some manufacturing facili- with a clearance of 167 feet, 0.5 mile northward, ties. An oil pier at the southern end of the water- 15 cross the river at Poughkeepsie; both bridges are front has a reported depth of 5 feet alongside. A well lighted at night and are equipped with private fixed highway bridge, with a clearance of 150 feet fog signals. Submerged pilings, covered 2 feet, are for a middle 760-foot width and 181 feet at the reported to exist in the westerly side of the Hudson center, crosses the river between Beacon and New- River between the second and third abutments of burgh. A private fog signal is at the bridge. In 20 the railroad bridge. 1977, an additional fixed bridge span was under Several bulk oil receiving wharves with reported construction immediately south of the existing depths of 13 to 20 feet alongside are on the east bridge. shore about 1 mile south of the Mid Hudson High- Two submerged obstructions are reported about way Bridge. A town park and a small-craft launch- 150 yards s~uth of Lower Hudson River. Lighted 25 ing ramp are about 0.2 mile north of the highway Buoy 40, Md~ 55. A submerged obstruction, cov- bridge. ered l foot, is reported about 700 yards west of A marina, near Mile 68E, has berths, electricity, Buoy 40. . gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, a launching ramp, a Chelsea, Mile 56.5E! has a boatyard and yacht 10-ton crane, and marine supplies; minor engine club~ berths a!1d m<?onngs are ayailable. A 15-~on 30 repairs can be made. In June 1981, 15 feet was mobde crane Is av~llable. for do-it-yourself repairs. reported available alongside the fuel dock. Elec- DllJ!Skammer Pomt, Milt: 58W• is marke~ ?Y a tronic repairs can be made in Poughkeepsie. conspicuous ~~-~r;Pl.aJ!t with two larg~ bml~1D:gs, Hyde Park, Mile ?IE, is the birthplace of Frank- f~ur stacks, a radio tower,. and an 011 recei':'mg lin Delano Roosevelt, the 32d President of the pier. Th~re are numerous bnckyards on both sides 35 United States. The residence and library are about of the nver between Newburgh and Danskammer 0·4A~~·i;:t· :1n~dborage is at Mile 72.7E. (See 110.1 Point, but most of them have been abandoned. Chart 12347.-Wappinger Creek is entered at Mile ~d 110.60 (p-2), chapte.r 2, for limits a!1d regula- ttons.) The Poughkeepsie Yacht Club, JUSt s?~th- 58.5E through a channel that leads to just below 40 ward_ of th~ anchorage area, has berths, el~ctnci~y. Wappingers Falls, 1.6 miles above the entrance. The entrance to the creek from the Hudson River gaso~me, diesel fuel, water, a 15-ton mobile ~oist, is marked by a buoy. In October 1977, it was and ic~. In June 19~1, 8 feet was reported available reported that the creek had silted in and was no alongside the gasol~ne doc~. . longer navigable. 45 Esopus Island, Mlle 73, is ma~ked by a hght on The railroad bridge across the mouth of the south end and a buo}'. marking a ledge, partly Wappinger Creek has a bascule span with a clear- bare at low water, extendmg about 300 yards from ance of 1 foot. (See 117.190 (a) through (c) and (f) the !1orth end. Th~ better channel is west~a:d ~f (2) chapter 2 for drawbridge regulations.) The the island. A promment large graystone butldmg is ne;rby overhe~d cables have a clearance of 43 feet so o~ the west side of the river above Esopus, about 1 over the creek. The fixed highway bridge about mile 1!-orth .of Esop':1s Island. .. Indian Kill flows mto the H~dson ~i\".er at Mile 300 yards above the railroad bridge has a clearance of 12 feet. An overhead power cable at the bridge 73.8E. At the entrance to Indian Kill is a small- has a clearance of 47 feet. An overhead power boat basin o~rated by the St~te of New Yo~k as cable with a clearance of 31 feet crosses the creek 55 part of Tacomc State Park. Pnvate seasonal bghts about 1.5 miles above the mouth. and buoys mark the entrance to the boat basin. In Diamond Reef, with a depth of 5 feet over it and June_ 1981, the reported contrC?lling depth w~ 7! marked by a buoy, lies in about the middle of ~eet m th~ entranc~ ch~nel with 5! feet. available Hudson River 0.2 mile above the entrance to m the basm. Gasohne, diesel fuel, water, ice, and a Wappinger Creek. Between Diamond Reef and 60 20-foot concrete launching ramp are available in Poughkeepsie the west side of the river should be the basin. Supplies can be obtained nearby. . favored to avoid several 18-foot spots which are A shoal about 0.6 mile long and 150 yards wide buoyed. with a least depth of about 16 feet is just west of A marina at New Hamburg, just north of the the center of the channel, about 1.1 mile above

272 12. HUDSON RIVER Indian kill entrance. The shoal is marked by a buoy River at Mile 82.7. The fixed channel spans have a. about midway along the east edge. clearance of 135 feet. A private fog signal is at the' Esopus Meadow Light 11, Mile 75.8, 21 feet bridge. above the water, is shown from a pole with a Esopus Creek is entered at Mile 88.5W. The en- square green daymark on the west side of the main 5 trance is between two dikes marked by lights. Sau- channel in the Hudson River; a fog signal is at the gerties is on the north bank of the creek about 1 light. Shoals with depths less than 3 feet extend as mile above the entrance. In June 1981, the reported much as 0.4 mile from either shore from about 1 controlling depth was 10 feet to the steamboat mile below the light to Rondout Creek at Kings- wharf about 0.7 mile above the entrance. The mean ton. The shoal area on the east side of the river is 10 range of tide is about 4 feet. Above the steamboat marked by buoys. wharf several shoals bare at low water and there are many large boulders. Small craft, with local Rondout Creek is entered from the Hudson River knowledge, use this area as an anchorage, but it at Mile 79W through a dredged channel that leads should be avoided by strangers. A dam crosses the between two long dikes to Eddyville, about 3 miles 15 creek about 1.3 miles above the entrance. Small- above the channel entrance. A light marks the sea- craft facilities below the steamboat wharf can pro- ward end of each dike, and a fog signal is on the vide berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, north dike. In June 1981, the reported controlling ice, and outside storage, and some marine supplies. depths were 14 feet from the entrance to the high- A forklift can handle craft to 3 tons for engine and way bridge, about 1.1 miles above the entrance, 20 hull repairs; launching ramps are also available. In thence 12 feet to Eddyville. The channel is marked June 1981, depths of 15 to 20 feet were reported by buoys. The head of practical navigation is at the alongside the fuel dock. lock of the abandoned Delaware and Hudson Canal, A rescue vessel of the Ulster County Sheriff's 3.3 miles above the entrance. The lower 2-mile Department is at Saugerties. The Sheriff's office portion of Rondout Creek serves as a harbor for 25 can be contacted through the Coast Guard on Kingston. VHF-FM channel 16 (156.80 MHz) or directly by Kinpton is partly on the lowlands adjacent to telephone (914-338-3640). the north bank of Rondout Creek and partly on the The Maelstrom is a dangerous whirlpool on the elevated plateau to the north and westward of it. east side of the main channel about 2 miles north of Waterborne traffic consists chiefly of sand, gravel, 30 Esopus Creek. crushed rock, brick, and petroleum products. Several large cement manufacturing plants that Bridges.-Rondout Creek is crossed by a fixed have prominent buildings and elevators are near highway bridge with a clearance of 56 feet, about 1 Cementon, Mile 92.5W. Another cement factory is mile above the entrance, a highway suspension at Dewitt Point, 2 miles above Cementon. A wharf bridge with a clearance of 86 feet, about 0.1 mile 35 just below the point has a reported depth of 30 feet above the fixed bridge, and a fixed railroad bridge at the face. The landing for North Germantown is with a clearance of 144 feet, about 2 miles above across the river opposite this wharf. the entrance. An overhead power cable with a Catskill Creek, marked at the entrance by buoys, clearance of 75 feet crosses the creek about 0.45 is entered at Mile 97.5W. Catskill is about 1 mile 40 above the mouth. A controlling depth of 6i feet is mile above the railroad bridge. Tides.-The mean range of tide at the entrance to available to about 100 yards above the highway Rondout Creek is about 3.7 feet. bridge, 0.9 mile above the mouth. The bridge, Small-craft facilities.-There are several small- which remains in a closed position, has a bascule craft facilities on Rondout Creek. Berths, electrici- span with a clearance of 14 feet. An overhead ty, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, marine supplies, 45 power cable about 200 yards above the bridge has launching ramps, and wet and dry storage are a clearance of 60 feet. The north edge of the chan- available as far upstream as Eddyville. Lifts to 25 nel leads close to the end of the wharf at the tons and a 75-foot marine railway can handle craft entrance, then passes 75 feet off the first small pier, for hull and engine repairs. lying 200 yards inside the end of the wharf, and so then passes close to the next small pier on the Charts 12347, 12348.-In the Hudson River above north side. The best water is then in midcreek Kingston many shoals with depths less than 3 feet when approaching the first sharp bend to avoid a are in midriver or extend from the shore on either rock with 4 feet over it about 50 feet off the side. The bottom is rocky at many of the bar western end of the wharf. The channel then favors crossings. Most of the channels through the critical 55 the south bank until about 350 yards from the high- areas are marked with lights and buoys, but stran- way bridge, then follows the north bank to the g~rs in ~l except small boats are advised to take a highway bridge. pilot. Pilots are engaged at New York. A long wharf extends along the north side of Catskill Creek from the entrance to Catskill. Sever- Cbart 12347.-Kinpton Point, Mile 80W, is an oil 60 al small-craft facilities are on the creek. Berths, terminal. Tugs and barges drawing 15 to 20 feet electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, storage facilities, transport petroleum products both up and down water, ice, marine supplies, and lifts to 20 tons are the river from this terminal. available; hull and engine repairs can be made. Kinpton·Rhinecliff Bridge crosses the Hudson Rip Van Winkle Bridge crosses the Hudson River

12. HUDSON RIVER 273 at Mile 98.7. The fixed span over the channel has a rescue vessel at the boat club for emergency medi- clearance of 146 feet. A private fog signal is at the cal assistance, firefighting, lifesaving, and damage bridge. High-voltage power cables with a clearance control. The rescue vessel can be contacted of 145 feet cross the river about 2.4 miles above through the Coast Guard on VHF-FM channel 16 the bridge. Red lights are atop the suspension to- 5 (156.80 MHz), or by telephone (518-272-5501). wers on both sides of the river. A special anchorage is at Mile 120W, just below Hudson, Mile 102E, is on a slope that rises from Cedar Hill. (See 110.1 and 110.60 (w), chapter 2, for the east bank of the Hudson River. Waterborne limits and regulations.) commerce is in petroleum products. The bulk pe- Overhead power cables crossing the river at troleum pier has reported depths of about IO feet IO Mile 122.9 and Mile 123.l have clearances of 169 alongside. Gasoline, berths, electricity, water, and a and 194 feet, respectively. launching ramp are available at a boat club at Hud- son. In June 1981, depths of 20 feet were reported Albany, Mile 126W, is the capital of New York alongside the gasoline dock. State and the principal port on the river above Athens is on the west side of the Hudson River 15 New York City. The port of Albany is the termi- opposite Hudson. An asphalt receiving facility and nus for deep-draft vessels on the Hudson River and a bulk petroleum storage facility are at Athens. serves as a transshipping point for the immediate Barges call at these facilities, which have reported vicinity, large areas of New England, and most of depths of about 7 to 15 feet alongside. In June the areas accessible by waterways. 1981, shoaling to an unknown extent was reported 20 Waterborne commerce at the port is mostly in north of Middle Ground Flats; barges approach petroleum products, but grain, automobiles, coal, Athens through the channel south of the flats only. molasses, scrap iron, aggregates, lumber, wood A small-craft facility at the north end of town has byproducts, bananas, steel, chemicals, and general berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, and limited cargo are also handled. marine supplies, and can make minor engine re- 25 The Albany Port District includes the lower har- pairs. bor between points about 0.2 mile below and 1.9 miles above the entrance to faland Creek Chart 12348.-Coxsackie is at Mile 108W. Berths, (42°36'26\"N., 73°45'50\" W.), and the upper harbor gasoline, electricity, water, and ice are available at extending northward of this point to the northern a yacht club at the north end of town. A State- 30 limits of Albany on the west side and Rensselaer on owned 20-foot concrete launching ramp is also the east side. available at Coxsackie. Cbannels.-The Federal project depth is 32 feet Cement and coal are shipped and gypsum is re- from New York Harbor to Albany. Above the ceived at facilities about 1 mile above Coeymans; Port of Albany, the project depth is 14 feet to the the marginal wharf has 666 feet of berthing space 35 Troy Lock and Dam. (See Notice to Mariners and with dolphins and 32 feet reported alongside. latest editions of the charts for controlling depths.) A 32-foot buoyed anchorage basin is on the east Anchorages.-The restricted width of the river at bank of the river north of Stuyvesant about 3.1 Albany is not sufficient to permit vessels to swing miles above Coxsackie. at uchor without interfering with passing craft. A boatyard at New Baltimore, Mile 113.5W, can 40 However, in an emergency, vessels sometimes an- provide berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, chor in midstream to wait for berthing space. water, storage, and marine supplies. A launching Bridges.-A fixed highway bridge with a clear- ramp and a 20-ton mobile hoist are available; hull ance of 60 feet crosses Hudson River at Albany at and engine repairs can be made. In June 1981, a Mile 126.4. A railroad bridge 0.7 mile above the reported depth of 20 feet was available at the fuel 45 highway bridge has a swing span with a clearance dock with 6 feet at the berths. of 25 feet. (See 117.185 (a) through (g) and (h) (3), Coeymans, Mile l 15W, has a boatyard that can chapter 2, for drawbridge regulations and opening provide berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, signals.) An overhead power cable at the railroad water, ice, and a 12-ton lift; hull and engine repairs bridge has a clearance of 135 feet. can be made. 50 Tides.-The mean range of tide at Albany is 4.6 A special anchorage is at Coeymans. (See 110.1 feet. (For daily predictions see Tide Tables.) Tidal and 110.60 (v), chapter 2, for limits and regula- currents for Hudson River are described at the tions.) beginning of this chapter. A fixed railroad bridge with a clearance of 139 Weather.-The climate at Albany is primarily feet er~ the Hudson River at Mile 117.8. An 55 continental in character, but is subjected to some overhead power cable just southward of the bridge modification from the maritime climate which pre- has a clearance of 185 feet. The fixed highway vails in the extreme southeastern portion of New bridge about 150 yards above the railroad bridge York State. The moderating effect on temperatures has a clearance of 135 feet. is more pronounced during the warmer months Castleton-on-Hudson, Mile l 19E, bas a boat club 60 than in the cold winter season when outbursts of . that can provide berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel cold air sweep down from Canada with greater fuel, water, ice, and a launching ramp. Gin poles vigor than at other times of the year. In the warm- are available at the boat club for stepping masts. er portion of the year temperatures rise rapidly The Castleton Fire Department maintains a during the daytime to moderate levels. As a rule,

274 12. HUDSON RIVER temperatures fall rapidly after sunset so that the west side of the Hudson River at Albany. All have nights are relatively cool. Very occasionally, the highway connections and, with the exception of , area experiences extended periods of oppressive the petroleum berths, railroad connections. Cargo heat up to a week or more in duration. The highest is generally handled by ships' tackle. Crawler and temperature of record is 104°, but since 1874, 100° 5 truck cranes up to 140 tons can be rented. The temperatures have been recorded on only 15 days. alongside depths given for each facility are re- Winters are usually cold and occasionally fairly ported; for information on the latest depths, con- severe. Maximum temperatures during the colder tact the operator. Only the major facilities are de- winter months often are below freezing, and scribed. For a complete description of the port nighttime low temperatures frequently drop to 10° 10 facilities refer to Port Series No. 6, published and or lower. Subzero temperatures occur rather in- sold by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (See frequently, about a dozen times a year. Snowfall in appendix for address.) the area is quite variable and over some of the West side of Hudson River below Island Creek higher nearby areas ranges up to 75 inches or more (42°36'26\"N., 73°45'50\" W.): for a season. Snow flurries are quite frequent dur- 15 Sears Oil Co. Tanker Wharf: about 1.2 miles ing the cold months. Precipitation is sufficient to southward of Island Creek; offshore wharf, 191 serve the economy of the region in most years, and feet with dolphins; 31 feet alongside; deck height, only occasionally do periods of drought become a 10 feet; pipelines extend from wharf to storage threat. A considerable portion of the rainfall in the tanks, total capacity of 2 million barrels; receipt of warmer months is from showers associated with 20 petroleum products; owned and operated by Sears thunderstorms, but hail is not usually of any conse- Oil Co., Inc. quence. Texaco North Wharf: about 0.85 mile southward On the whole, wind velocities are moderate. The of Island Creek; offshore wharf, 230 feet with dol- north-south Hudson River Valley has had a phins; 32 to 36 feet alongside; deck height, 14 feet; marked effect on the lighter winds and the warm 25 pipelines extend from wharf to storage tanks, total months usually average out as a south wind. De- capacity of 838,000 barrels; receipt and shipment of structive winds occur infrequently. petroleum products; owned and operated by Tex- The area enjoys one of the highest percentages aco Inc. of sunshine that can be found in the State. This is West side of Hudson River above Island Creek: true of the Hudson Valley area from Albany south- 30 Agway Petroleum Wharf: about 0.1 mile ward to the coast with slightly more sunshine northward of Island Creek; offshore wharf, 260 progressively southward. Seldom does the area ex- feet with dolphins; 30 feet alongside, deck height, perience extended periods of cloudy days or ex- 11 feet; pipelines extend from wharf to storage tended periods of smog. Occasionally during the tanks, total capacity of 334,000 barrels; receipt and warm months, there are short periods when high 35 shipment of petroleum products; owned and oper- humidity associated with temperatures above 85° is ated by Agway Petroleum, Inc. rather uncomfortable. Cibro Petroleum Ship Dock: about 0.5 mile Tornadoes are rather rare in the Albany area; six northward of Island Creek; bulkhead wharf, 280 have been reported since 1826. feet with dolphins; 28 feet alongside; deck height, (See page T-8 for Albany climatological table.) 40 10 feet; pipelines extend from wharf to storage Pilotage information for the Hudson River is tanks, total capacity of about 209,000 barrels of given at the beginning of this chapter. asphalt, 1 million barrels of fuel oil, and 683,000 Towage.-Tugs up to 6,800 hp, based at New barrels of crude oil; receipt of crude oil; receipt York City, and tugs up to 1,800 hp, based at and shipment of asphalt and petroleum products; Rensselaer, are available at Albany. Arrangements 45 owned by Albany Port District Commission and for tugs are usually made in advance by ships' operated by Cibro Petroleum Products, Inc. agents. Albany Port District Commission Berths 1 Albany is a customs port of entry. through 10: provide 4,200 feet of continuous berth- Quarantine, customs, immigration, and agricultur· ing; depths of 30 to 32 feet alongside; deck heights, al quarantine.-(See chapter 3, Vessel Arrival In- so 16! feet; water and electrical shore power connec- spections, and appendix for addresses.) tions; owned by Albany Port District Commission. Quarantine is enforced in accordance with the Berth 10: about 0.65 mile northward of Island regulations of the U.S. Public Health Service. (See Creek; 300-foot marginal wharf; four crawler Public Health Service, chapter 1.) cranes to 80 tons; shipment of scrap metal; operat- Albany has several hospitals. 55 ed by Albany Port District Commission. Coast Guard.-The Coast Guard maintains a Cap- Berths 7, 8, and 9: immediately northward of tain of the Port C?ffice in Albany. (See appendix for Berth 10; 1,270-foot marginal wharf; 13i-million- address.) A Manne Inspection Office and a vessel bushel grain elevator; special grain-handling equip- documentation office are also at this office. ment; conveyor-belt loading system, rate 45,000 Harbor regulations.-Local rules and regulations 60 bushels per hour; pipelines extend from wharf to for the port are handled by the Albany Port Dis- molasses storage tanks; total capacity of 4! million trict Commission. gallons; receipt and shipment of grain and molasses; Wharves.-There are about 30 waterfront facilities operated by Albany Port District Commission, Na- at Albany and Rensselaer; most are located on the tional Molasses Co., and Cargill, Inc.

12. HUDSON RIVER 275 Berths 5 and 6: immediately northward of Berth operated by Bray Terminals, Inc., and Getty Refin- 7; 750-foot marginal wharf; 80,000 square feet cov- ing and Marketing Co. ered storage; 35 acres open storage; pipelines .ex-. Port of Albany Lumber and Coal Terminal ntend from wharf to molasses storage tanks, total Wharf: about 1.25 miles above Island Creek; mar- capacity of million gallons; receipt and shipll\\ent 5 ginal wharf, 1,205 feet; 32 feet alongside; deck of general cargo, receipt of molasses; operated oy height, 16! feet; receipt of lumber and caustic soda, Albany Port District Commission and Pacific Mo- shipment of coal; owned by-Albany Port District lasses Co. Commission, operated by Albany Port District Berth 4: immediately northward of Berth 5, 425- Commission and Ashland Oil Co. foot marginal wharf; 35,000 square feet of covered IO Supplies.-Bunkering servi~s_for deep-draft ves- storage; receipt and shipment of general cargo; op- sels are not available at Albany; this service is erated by Albany Port District Commission. obtained in New York. Diesel fuel, through me- Berth 3: immediately northward of Berth 4, 425- tered pumps, is available for SII}all vessels; water, foot marginal wharf; 96,000 square feet of covered marine supplies, and provisions are available. storage; receipt of bananas; operated by Albany 15 Repairs.~There are no drydocks or marine rail- Port District Commission and United Brands Co. way facilities for ocean-going vessels at the port of Berth 2: immediately northward of Berth 3; 300- Albany. All types of repairs, not requiring hauling foot marginal wharf; receipt and shipment of gen- out, are available for steel and wooden hulls, ma- eral cargo; receipt of automobiles; operated by Al- chinery, boiler work, and machine shop work. bany Port District Commission. 20 A marine repair facility at Cohooi, tf miles above Berth l: immediately northward of Berth 2; 600- Albany and 1.5 miles above the Troy ..Lock and foot marginal wharf; 60,000 square feet of covered I· Dam, is equipped to make all types of above-the- storage; receipt and shipment of general cargo; re- waterline repairs to tugs, barges, and otper small ceipt of automobiles; operated by Albany Port Dis- vessels. The State of New York operates a drydock trict Commission. 25 adjacent to Lock 3 of the Erie Canal at Waterford, Mobil Oil Corp. Ship Dock: about 200 yards across the river from Cohoes. The graving dock is northward of Berth 1; offshore wharf, 200 feet 450 feet long, 42 feet wide at the entrance, and has with dolphins; 29 feet alongside; deck height, 16 a depth of 14 feet over the keel blocks..._- feet; freshwater connections; pipelines extend from Small-craft facilities.-A yacht club is on the east wharf to storage tanks, storage tanks have a total 30 side of the H.utI!.pn River at Rensselaer .at Mile capacity of 2! million barrels; receipt of petroleum 126.4,,.about. O.f mile sbuth -0f the fixed highway products; owned and operated by Mobil Oil Corp. bridge; berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fd'el, and East Side of Hudson River: water are available. In June 1981, reported cjepths American Oil Co. Wharf: about 0.75 mile south- of 15 feet were available on •Yie west side of the ward of Island Creek; offshore wharf, 180 feet with 35 yacht club dock with 8 feet on the east side. A dolphins; 32 to 34 feet alongside; deck height, 12 municipal launching ramp is at Mile 127.2W. feet; pipelines extend from wharf to storage tanks, Communications.-Albany is served by air, rail, total capacity of 401,000 barrels; receipt of petrole- and highway communications. The Delaware and um products; owned and operated by American Oil Hudson Railroad serves facilities on the west side ·orCo. 40 of the~river while CorrRail serves facilities on both Amerada Hess Corp. Wharf: about 0.3 mile sides the river. The Albany Port Railroad cOr- northward of Island Creek; offshore wharf, 240 poration, a terminal switching line, serves ,the feet with dolphins; 30 to 32 feet alongside; deck waterfront facilities and property owned by.'»ie height, 8 feet; pipelines extend from wharf to stor- Albany District Commission anctt:onnects with the age tanks, total capacity of 1 million barrels; re- 45 main line railroads. ceipt of petroleum products; owned by Amerada A fixed highway bridge with a clearance of 60 Hess Corp., operated by Amerada Hess Corp. and feet crosses the Hudson River just above Albany at Sunmark Industries, Division of Sun Co. of Penn- Mile 127.8~ sylvania. A fixed· highway··bridge ·crossing the 1-{ud~oit, Atlantic-Richfield Co. Rensselaer Wharf: about 50 River at South Troy, Mile 130.5, has a clearance o(. 0.65 mile northward of Island Creek; offshore 61 feet. The overhead power cables between Al- wharf, 295 feet with dolphins; 37 feet alongside; bany and Troy have a IFast clearance of 87 feet. deck height, 11 feet; water connections; pipelines Red lights are showri \"from the suspension towers extend from wharf to storage tanks, total capacity on both sides of the river. 1l million barrels; receipt of petroleum products; 55 Troy, Mile 132E, is a manufacturing center. owned by Atlantic-Richfield Co., operated by At- Watenliet, on the wes~- side of the river opposite lantic-Richfield Co. and Gulf Oil Co.-U.S. Troy, is the site of the United States Arsenal with Bray Terminals: about 0.8 mile northward of Is- a 755-foot stone bulkhead. The ,harbor extends land Creek; offshore wharf, 250 feet with dolphins; from the southern limits of the city of Troy to the 23 feet alongside; deck height, 12 feet; water and 60 Troy Lock and.Dam. Vessels usually berth on ar- electrical shore power connections; receipt and rival, because the narrow width of the river f9d shipment of petroleum products; pipelines extend character of the bottom are not suitable for anchor- from wharf to storage tanks, total capacity of age. 646,000 barrels; owned by Bray Terminals, Inc., The highway bridge connecting Watervliet and

276 12. HUDSON RIVER Troy, at Mile 132.2, has a fixed span with a clear- gates. These channels have widths of 104 feet in ance of 55 feet. The highway-railroad bridge 0.5 earth cuts, 120 feet in rock cuts, and 200 feet in' mile upstream has a lift span with a clearance of 24 river and lake sections. feet down and 129 feet up. (See 117.185 (a) through Elsewhere in the New York State Barge Canal (g) and (h) (5), chapter 2, for drawbridge regula- 5 System, the project depth is 12 feet in all channels tions and opening signals.) The bridge collapsed in and through all locks and guard gates. These chan- 1977 and was being removed in 1978. In 1979, a nels have widths of 75 feet in earth cuts, 94 feet in vertical lift highway bridge with a design clearance rock cuts, and generally 200 feet in canalized riv- of 29 feet down and 60 feet up was under construe- ers. tion on the alinement of the destroyed bridge. In 10 Usable dimensions of the locks in the New York 1978, a fixed highway bridge with a design clear- State Barge Canal System are 300 feet in length ance of 60 feet was under construction at Mile and 43! feet in width. The locks and guard gates 132.9. A seasonal lighted buoy marks a rock ledge have depths of 12 feet over the sills at normal pool on the upstream side of the railroad bridge in about level, except 13 feet over the sills in the Great 42\"44'07\"N., 73°41'2rW. 15 Lakes-Hudson River Waterway Improvement. Well-equipped wharves at Troy have berthing The least clearance of bridges and cables over space of about 2,400 feet and depths of 9 to 14 feet the Great Lakes-Hudson River Waterway Im- alongsidc. A mile-long concrete bulkhead extends provement is 20 feet. The least clearance of bridges along the waterfront. The only public docking fa- and cables over the other waterways of the New cility is at the State barge canal terminal. The oil 20 York State Barge Canal System is 15 feet. storage terminals on the island under the railroad The navigation season is normally from the first bridge have depths up to 14 feet alongside. Facili- part of May to the latter part of November. ties for repairs to hulls, machinery, and boiler Erie Canal, a 294-mile waterway, extends from equipment are available for vessels not requiring the pool of the Troy dam in the Hudson River at hauling out. 25 Waterford westerly through the Mohawk River The ffoy Lock and Dam is about 8 miles above and landcuts to Oneida Lake, thence through Onei- Albany. The lock dimensions are: length 492.5 feet; da, Seneca, and Clyde Rivers, landcuts, an artificial width 44.4 feet; depth over upper miter sill 16.3 channel, and Tonawanda Creek to Niagara River feet at normal pool level; and depth over lower at Tonawanda. The Niagara River connects the miter sill 13 feet at lowest low water. The lift at 30 Erie Canal with Lake Erie at Buffalo. the lowest stages is 17.3 foet. The mean range of Oswego Canal, a 21-mile waterway, extends tide is about 4.7 feet below the lock. (See 207.50 northward from the Erie Canal, 141 miles west- and 207.60, chapter 2, for navigation regulations for ward of the Troy dam, to Oswego where it joins the lock and operating reguiations for the dam.) Lake Ontario. For the most part the canal follows Storm warning signals are displayed. (See chart.) 35 the Oswego River from its confluence with the The Hudson River above the Troy Lock and Oneida and Seneca Rivers. Dam joins with the New York State Barge Canal Cayuga and Seneca Canal extends southward System to form a connecting waterway westward from the Erie Canal 177 miles west of the Troy to Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, and northward to dam. The canal follows the improved Seneca River Lake Champlain. 40 to Cayuga Lake and extends through the lake to The New York State Barge Canal System, com- Ithaca at the south end. From the north end of prising Erie Canal, Oswego Canal, Cayuga and Cayuga Lake, the canal follows Seneca River west Seneca Canal, and Champlain Canal, is under the to Seneca Lake and extends through the lake to jurisdiction of the State of New York. Navigation Watkins Glen at the south end. A 2.2-mile canal on the State canals is free except for mooring, 45 extends south from Watkins Glen to Montour dockage, wharfage, storage, or use of canal equip- Falls. These lakes are two of the so-called Finger ment or facilities for which a permit is required. Lakes of central New York and are each about 30 Detailed data regarding movement through the miles in length. New York State Barge Canal System may be ob- Champlain Canal, a 52-mile waterway, follows tained from the Office of the Director, Waterways so the Hudson River northward from Waterford for Maintenance Subdivision, New York State Depart- about 32 miles to Fort Edward, thence through a ment of Transportation, State Campus, Building 5, landcut and Wood Creek to Whitehall at the en- 1220 Washington Avenue, Albany, N.Y. 12232; trance to Lake Champlain. telephone (518-457-4420). Lake Champlain, about 97 miles long from Controlling dimensions of channels, locks, and 55 Whitehall to the Canadian border and up to 10 bridges.-The ~reat Lakes-Hudson River Waterway miles at its widest part, has considerable water ~pro!entent IS t~t part of the barge canal system commerce between the ports along its shores. The mcluding. the Ene Canal from Waterford west to controlling depth is about 12 feet at low lake level Three Rivers and thence the Oswego Canal to through the main channel to the Canadian border Lake Ontario. This section of the system, funded 60 and to the principal ports. The least overhead by the U.S. Government and maintained by the clearance is 92 feet at a fixed bridge at Crown State of New York, has a project depth of 14 feet Point, about 32 miles above Whitehall. at normal pool level between locks and 13 feet at An international waterway for commerce is normal pool level through all locks and guard available between the United States and Canada by

.12. HUDSO~ RIVER 277 the use of Champlain Canal, Lake Champlain, and New York State Barge Canal System is as follows: the Riviere Richelieu and Canal de Chambly, which chart 14786, all the canals from the Hudson River extend from the northerly end of Lake Champlain at Troy, N.Y., westward to Lyons, N.Y., and to for about 70 miles in Canadian waters to the St. Lake Ontario at Oswego; chart 14788, Oneida Lawrence River, 40 miles below Montreal. The 5 Lake; and chart 14791, Cayuga and Seneca Lakes. size of vessels that can navigate this route is con- Charts of Lake Champlain are published by NOS. trolled by the least dimensions of the Canal de 10 Coast Pilot information for the above waterways is contained in United States Coast Pilot 6 (former- Chambly locks which are: usable length, 111 feet, 5 ly known as the Great Lakes Pilot), also published inches; width, 23 feet; depth on sills, 6l feet. by NOS. Bridges over the waterway are provided with Coverage of the canal system from Lyons, N. Y., draws; the least overhead clearance of cables is 120 feet. The least clearance for bridges across Canal de Chambly in the vicinity of the city of St. Jean, westward to the Niagara River at Tonawanda, Quebec, is 29 feet. The navigation season is from N.Y., is contained in The Grand Canal, Cruise and about the middle of April to the middle of Novem- 15 Chart No. 2, available from New York State Office her. of Parks and Recreation, Agency Building No. 1, Permit requirements and toll charge information Empire State Plaza, Albany, N.Y. 12238. for Canal de Chambly and St. Ours Lock may be Charts and pilot information for the Riviere obtained from the Superintendent, Quebec Canals, Richelieu, Canal de Chambly and other Canadian Parks Canada, 200 Churchill Blvd., Greenfield 20 waters are available from the Hydrographic Chart Park, Quebec, Canada J4V 2M4. Distribution Office, Department of Fisheries and Charts and Coast Pilot Information.-The National Oceans, P.O. Box 8080, 1675 Russell Road, Ot- Ocean Survey's nautical chart coverage of the tawa, Ontario KlG 3H6, Canada.

APPENDIX Sales Information.-National Ocean Survey publi- U.S. Coast Pilot 8, Alaska-Dixon Entrance to cations and nautical charts are sold by NOS and its Cape Spencer. authorized sales agents in many U.S. ports and in U.S. Coast Pilot 9, Pacific and Arctic Coasts, some foreign ports. Mail orders s~ould be ad- Alaska-Cape Spencer to Beaufort Sea. dressed to National Ocean Survey, Distribution Di- 5 Distance Tables vision (OA/C44), 6501 Lafayette Avenue, River- Distances Between United States Ports, Sixth dale, Md. 20737, and accompanied by a check or (1978) Edition. money order payable to NOS, Department of Tide Tables Commerce. Remittance from outside the United Europe and West Coast of Africa. States should be made either by an International 10 East Coast, North and South America. Money Order or by a check payable on a U.S. West Coast, North and South America. bank. Chart catalogs, which include a listing of Central and Western Pacific Ocean and Indian authorized sales agents, are free upon request. The Ocean. National Ocean Survey maintains over-the-counter Supplemental Tidal Predictions-Anchorage, cash sales offices at 6501 Lafayette Avenue, River- 15 Nikiski, Seldovia, and Valdez, Alaska. dale, Md.; at 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room Tidal Current Tables 101, Bldg. 1, Washington Science Center, Rock- Atlantic Coast, North America. ville, Md. (small orders only); at 439 West York Pacific Coast, North America and Asia. Street, Norfolk, Va.; at 1801 Fairview Avenue Tidal Current Charts East, Seattle, Wash.; and at 632 Sixth Avenue, 20 Boston Harbor. Room 405, Anchorage, Alaska. Narragansett Bay to Nantucket Sound. National Ocean Survey Offices Narragansett Bay. Rockville (Headquarters): Director, National Long Island Sound and Block Island Sound. Ocean Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric New York Harbor. Administration, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Rock- 25 Delaware Bay and River. ville, Md. 20852. Upper Chesapeake Bay. Norfolk: Director, Atlantic Marine Center, NOS, Charleston Harbor, S.C. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Tampa Bay. 439 West York Street, Norfolk, Va. 23510. San Francisco Bay. Seattle: Director, Pacific Marine Center, NOS, 30 Puget Sound, Northern Part. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Puget Sound, Southern Part. 1801 Fairview Avenue East, Seattle, Wash. 98102. Tidal Current Diagrams Boston Harbor. Publications and Charts-National Ocean Survey Long Island Sound and Block Island Sound. Nautical awts (See Chart Catalogs) 35 New York Harbor. United States Coastal and Intracoastal waters, Upper Chesapeake Bay. and possessions. Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, New York State Publications and Charts-Other U.S. Government Canals, and the St. Lawrence River-St. Regis to Agencies Cornwall, Canada. 40 A partial list of publications and charts consid- Publications (See Chart Catalogs for latest edi- ered of navigational value is included for the ready tions and prices) reference of the mariner. In addition to the agents Coast Pilots located in the principal seaports handling publica- U. S. Coast Pilot 1, Atlantic Coast, Eastport to tion sales, certain libraries have been designated by Cape Cod. 45 the Congress of the United States to receive the U. S. Coast Pilot 2, Atlantic Coast, Cape Cod to publications as issued for public review. Sandy Hook. Nautical Charts U. S. Coast Pilot 3, Atlantic Coast, Sandy Hook U.S. Waters: to Cape Henry. Apalachicola, Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers U. S. Coast Pilot 4, Atlantic Coast, Cape Henry so Navigation Charts, Alabama River Charts, and to Key West. Black Warrior-Tombigbee Rivers River Charts: . U. S. Coast _Pilot 5, At~an~ic Coast-Gulf of Mex- ~b~ed and for sale by U.S. Army Engineer 1co, Puerto Rico, and Vrrgm Islands. Distnct Mobile, P.O. Box 2288, 109 St. Joseph . U.S. Coast Pilot 6, Great Lakes, Lakes Ontario, Street, Mobile, Ala. 36628. Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior and St. Law- ss Flood Control and Navigation Maps of the Mis- rence River. sissippi River, Cairo, Ill. to the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Pacific Coast and Hawaii. Published by Mississippi River Commission and for 278

APPENDIX 279 sale by U.S. Army Engineer District Vicksburg, lished by U.S. Naval Observatory; for sale by the P.O. Box 60, U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Vicksburg, Miss. 39180. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Upper Mississippi River Navigation Charts (Mis- American Practical Navigator (Bowditch) (Pub. sissippi River, Cairo, Ill. to Minneapolis, Minn.): 5 No. 9), and International Code of Signals (Pub. No. Published by U.S. Army Engineer North Central 102): Published by the Defense Mapping Agency Division and for sale by U.S. Army Engineer Dis- Hydrographic/Topographic Center; for sale by trict St. Louis, 210 N. Tucker Boulevard, St. Defense Mapping Agency Office of Distribution Louis, Mo. 63101. Services, Washington, D.C. 20315, and its sales Charts of the Illinois Waterway, from Mississippi 10 agents. River at Grafton, Ill. to Lake Michigan at Chicago Rules of the Road; Navigation Rules, Interna- and Calumet Harbors: Published and for sale by tional-Inland (CG-169): Published by the U.S. U.S. Army Engineer District Rock Island, Clock Coast Guard; for sale by the Superintendent of Tower Bldg., Rock Island, Ill. 61201. Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Foreign Waters: Published by Defense Mapping 15 Washington, D. C. 20402. Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center; for Port Series of the United States: Published and sale by Defense Mapping Agency Office of Distri- sold by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Water bution Services, Washington, D.C. 20315, and its Resources Support Center, Port Facilities Branch, sales agents. Kingman Building, Fort Belvoir, Va. 22060. Marine Weather Services Charts: Published by 20 Official U.S. Coast Guard Recreational Boating the National Weather Service; for sale by NOS Guide (CG-340): Published by U.S. Coast Guard; Distribution Division (OA/C44), 6501 Lafayette for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Avenue, Riverdale, Md. 20737. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Publications 20402. Sailing Directions (Foreign Countries): Published 25 Marine Radio Telephony-How to correctly oper- by Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topo- ate your radiotelephone set in the 2 MHz band; and graphic Center; for sale by Defense Mapping Maritime Mobile VHF-FM Radio Telephony- Agency Office of Distribution Services, Washing- Usage in the United States: Published by Radio ton, D.C. 20315, and its sales agents. Technical Commission for Marine Services; for Notice to Mariners may be obtained free from 30 sale by RTCM Services, c/o Federal Communica- the following: Local Notices to Mariners-District tions Commission, P.O. Box 19087, Washington, Commander of the local Coast Guard district; D.C. 20036. Weekly Notice to Mariners, coasts of the United States, Possessions, and foreign-Defense Mapping Corps of Engineers Offices Agency Office of Distribution Services; Local No- 35 New England Division Office: 424 Trapelo Road, tice to Mariners, Great Lakes-Commander, Ninth Waltham, Mass. 02154. Coast Guard District, Cleveland, Ohio. The New England Division, an operating divi- Special Notice to Mariners are published annually sion with both district and division functions, cov- in Notice to Mariners 1. These notices contain im- ers all of New England except western Vermont portant information of considerable interest to all 40 and small portions of Massachusetts and Connecti- mariners. Interested parties are advised to read cut along their western boundaries, and includes these notices. small portions of southeastern New York, all em- Ligbt Lists (United States and Possessions): Pub- braced in the drainage basins tributary to Long lished by U.S. Coast Guard; for sale by the Super- Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean east of the intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print- 45 New York-Connecticut State line. It also includes ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Fishers Island, N.Y. Light Lists (Foreign Countries): Published by De- New York District Office: 26 Federal Plaza, New fense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topo- York, N.Y. 10007. graphic Center; for sale by Defense Mapping The New York District includes western Ver- Agency Office of Distribution Services, Washing- 50 mont, small portions of western Massachusetts, ton, D.C. 20315, and its sales agents. Connecticut, eastern and south-central New York, Radio Navigational Aids, Atlantic and Mediterra- including Long Island, and northeastern New Jer- nean Area (Pub. 117A), Pacific and Indian Oceans sey, embraced in the drainage basins tributary to Area (Pub. l l 7B): Published by Defense Mapping Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence River sys- Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center; for 55 tern east thereof and to the Atlantic Ocean from sale by Defense Mapping Agency Office of Distri- New York-Connecticut State line to, but not in- bution Services, Washington, D.C. 20315, and its eluding, Manasquan Inlet, N.J. sides agents. It exercises jurisdiction, however, over all mat- Worldwide Marine Weather Broadcasts: Publish- ters pertaining to the improvement of the Great ed by the National Weather Service; for sale by the 60 Lakes to Hudson River waterway. Under the di- Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government rection of the Secretary of the Army, the district Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. . engineer, as Supervisor of New York Harbor, also The Nautical Almanl(', The Air Almanac, and exercises jurisdiction under the laws enacted for Anaerican Ephemeris and Nautical Abnan1C: Pub- the preservation of the tidal waters of New York 362-885 0 - 82 - 19 : QL 3

280 APPENDIX Harbor, its adjacent or tributary waters, and the Mooring, Fort Trumbull, New London, Conn. waters of Long Island Sound. 06320. New York Captain of the Port, Governors Is- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Offices.- la~e~~r1kt:~;·i:on Offices Regional offices and States in the EPA coastal 5 (D) New York, N.Y.: Battery Park Bldg. 10004. regRioengiso:n I (New Hampshire, Vermont, Mar.ne, Coast Guard Documentation OOfffilcies R 205 Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island): J. F. Bridgeport, Conn.: U.S. Post ice, oom , 12N0 eMwidBdeledfoSrtdre,eMt a0s6s6.:09u. . s. Customhouse, Room i~on ~;~ London,Kennedy Federal Bldg., Room 2203, Boston, Mass. 10 02 II (New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, 6• 40 Conn.: U.S. Courthouse, Room 1, Virgin Islands): 26 Federal Plaza, Room 1009, New 150 Bank Street 06320. Y~!;..!!.·~i:looo(Dzl~ware, Mary_land, V_irginia, Dis- 6th Perth Amboy, N.J.: U.S. Post Office Bldg., tRhoeCoomaarset2a1G0c,uoav0re8dr8e6Sd1t.abtiyonths.i-sTCheoassttatPioinlost.liTsthedeyarhel.~ivne trict\"&o'f Columbia, Pennsylvama): Curtis B1dg., 15 and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 19106. Region IV (A_labama, Florida, _Georgia, Mississip- search and rescue capabilities and may provide pSit,rReSeeogt'u.iotNnh .VCE.a,(rIol~lltmmllola!i,1st,Na,Ionr<dtJih:aa.nCa3a,0r3Mo0l~mi.cah)i.:ga3n4,5MC1.onunretlsaon~d 20 lookout, communication, anTdh/eorNpaattiroonlaflunVcHtiFon-sFt~o assist vessels in distress. Distress System provides continuous coastal radio Ohio, Wisconsin): 230 South Dearborn Street, Chi- coverage outwards to 20 miles on 156.80 MHz cago, 111. 60604. . . . . (channel 16). After contact on channel 16, commu- Region VI (Lows1ana, Texas): First International nications with the Coast Guard should be on Bldg., 1201 Elm ~tr~t, Dallas!. Tex. 75270. 25 l57.10 MHz (channel 22). If channel 22 is not Region IX (SCaanl1fFomra1nac,_iscHoa,wCaua,l_if.Gu9a~1m0)5:. 215 Fre- available to the mariner, communications may sb~-e mont Street, made on 156.60 MHz (channel 12). Selected Region ·X (Alaska, Oregon, Washmgton): 1200 tions guard the International Radiotelephone D1s- Sixth Avenue, Seattle, Wash. 98101. tress, Safety and Calling Frequencies. 30 Massachusetts: Coast Guard District Offices Cape Cod Canal (41 \"46.4'N., 70°30.0'W.). East Commander, First Coast Guard District, 150 entrance to the canal, near Sandwich, Mass. Causeway Street, Boston, Mass. 02114.. Vermont Cape Cod Coast Guard Air Station (41°37.5'N., except the counties of Orleans, Franklin, Grand 70°3I.5'W.). On Cape Cod at Otis Air Force Base. Isle, Chittend~n, A~dison, an~ Rutland; the co~tal 70°1 ~.6'W.). On waters and tnbutanes of Mame, New Hamp~rre, 35 Provincetown (42\"02.7'N., 0.4 mile southwest southwest side of harbor, about Massachusetts, and Rhode Island to, but excludmg, of town pier. Watch Hill Light Station, R. I. . Chatham (41\"40.3'N., 69°57.0'W.). Southeastern Commander, Third Coast Guard Distnct, Cape Cod near Chatham Light. Governors Island, New York, N.Y. 1~. In Ver- 40 Woods Hole Base (41°31.2'N., 70°40.0' W.). On mont, the counties of Orleans, Franklm, Grand west side of Little Harbor, about 450 yards Isle, Chittenden, Addison, and Rutland; from northward of Juniper Point. Watch Hill Light Station, R. I., the coastal waters Brant Point (41 \"17.4'N., 70°05.5' W.). On west and tributaries of Connecticut, New York, New side of entrance to Nantucket Harbor, near Brant Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, including Fen- Point Light. wick Island Light, but not including that portion of 45 Menemsha (41 \"21.0'N., 70°45.9' W.). ~est end of Delaware containing the reaches of the Nanticoke Martha's Vineyard, near Menemsha Light. River and the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Rhode Island: Note: Marine Safety Office includes Captain of Castle Hill (41\"27.7'N., 71°21.5' W.). On west the Port, Marine Inspection. Office, an~ Docume~- so shore of Newport Neck, near Castle Hill Li~t. tation Office; ill means Manne Inspection Office ts Point Judith (41\"21.7'N., 71°28.9'W.). On Pomt at the same address; (D) means Documentation Of- Judith, near Point Judith Light, 0.5 mile east of flee is at the same address. Point Judith Harbor of Refuge. Coast Guard Marine Safety Offices Block Island (41\"11.7'N., 71°35.3' W.). On Block Albany, N.Y.: Leo W. O'Brien Federal Bldg., 55 Island, west side of entrance to Great Salt Pond. Room 336, Clinton Avenue and North Pearl Street Connecticut: 12207. New London (41\"20.7'N., 72°05.7' W.). At Fort Boston, Mass.: 447 Commercial Street 02109. Trumbull, on west side of main channel northward Providence, R.I.: John O'Pastore Federal Build· of Greens Harbor. 60 New Haven (41\"16.4'N., 72°54.2'W.). On ~he ing 02903. Coast Guard Captains of the Port north side of the jutting point, about 1.5 miles New Haven Captain of the Port, 120 Woodward northward of Lighthouse Point. Avenue, New Haven, Conn. 06512. New York: . New London Captain of the Port, Coast Guard Fishers Island (41\"15.4'N., 7i901.9'W.). In Silver

APPENDIX 281 Eel Pond, on west end of island (manned during casting on VHF will announce on 156.80 MHz summer months only). (channel 16), shifting to 157.10 MHz (channel 22). Eatons Neck (40°57.3'N., 73°23.9' W.). Near Scheduled broadcasts.-The following Coast Batons Neck Light, north shore of Long Island, Guard radio stations make scheduled broadcasts, east side of entrance to Huntington Bay. 5 preceded by a preliminary call on 500 kHz, 2182 Montauk Point (41°04.3'N., 71°56.1' W.). In kHz, and VHF-FM channel 16 (156.80 MHz), at Montauk Harbor, Long Island. the times and frequencies indicated: Shinnecock (40°51.0'N., 72°30.3' W.). East side Radiotelegraph of Ponquogue Point, 1.3 miles northwest of Shin- NMF, Boston, Mass., 472 kHz, 0950 and 1900 necock Inlet. 10 e.s.t. Moriches (40°47.2'N., 72°45.0' W.). On Moriches Radiotelephone Bay, about 1 mile north of Moriches Inlet. NMF, Boston, Mass., 2670 kHz, 1140, and 2340 Fire Island (40°37.5'N., 73°15.6' W.). Near west e.s.t. end of island, 1.9 miles west of Fire Island Light. NMF-7, Boston, Mass., VHF-FM channel 22 Short Beach (40°35.4'N., 73°33.4' W.). Near 15 (157.10 MHz), 0535 and 1735 e.s.t. Jones Inlet, opposite Meadow Island. NMF-2, Woods Hole, Mass., VHF-FM channel Atlantic Beach (40°35.5'N., 73°44.5' W.). On 22 (157.10 MHz), 0505 and 1705 e.s.t. north side of Atlantic Beach, 0.25 mile west of NMY-41, Shinnecock, N.Y., 2670 kHz and bascule bridge (manned during summer months VHF-FM channel 22 (157.10 MHz), 0720 and 1920 only). 20 e.s.t. Rockaway (40°34.l'N., 73°53.1' W.). On Rocka- NMK, Cape May, N.J., 2670 kHz, 0603 and 1803 way Beach, 2.5 miles east of Rockaway Point. e.s.t. Coast Guard Air Station Brooklyn, Floyd Ben- nett Field (40°35.3'N., 73°53.5'W.). Customs Ports of Entry Fort Totten (40°47.6'N., 73°46.9'W.). On the east 25 Vessels may be entered and cleared at any port side of Little Bay. of entry or customs station, but at the latter only New York (40°41.5'N., 74°01.0'W.). On Gover- with advance authorization from the Customs Ser- nors Island. vice district director. New Jersey: Boston Region: Sandy Hook (40°28.2'N., 74°00.8' W.). On the 30 Boston District: Fall River, New Bedford. Cus- Bay side, 0.5 mile south of the northern extremity toms station: Provincetown (Supervised by Plym- of Sandy Hook. outh port of entry). Coast Guard Radio Broadcasts.-Urgent, safety, Bridgeport District: Bridgeport, Hartford, New and scheduled marine information broadcasts are Haven, New London. made by Coast Guard radio stations. In general, 35 Providence District: Newport, Providence. these broadcasts provide information vital to ves- New York Region: sels operating in the approaches and coastal waters New York District: Albany, New York City, of the United States including Puerto Rico and Perth Amboy, N. J. U.S. Virgin Islands. Transmissions are as follows: Urgent and safety broadcasts: 40 Foreign-Trade Zones (1) By radiotelegraph: (a) Upon receipt, except Foreign-Trade Zone No. 28, 1213 Purchase within 10 minutes of the next silent period, for Street, New Bedford, Mass. 02740. urgent messages only; (b) during the last 15 sec- Foreign-Trade Zone No. l, Bldg. 77, Brooklyn onds of the first silent period after receipt: (c) re- Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11205. peated at the end of the first silent period which 45 Foreign-Trade Zone No. 49, Newark/Elizabeth, occurs during the working hours of one-operator N.J., One World Trade Center, Room 64 West, ships unless the original warning has been can- New York, N.Y. 10048. celled or superseded by a later warning message. Foreign-Trade Zone No. 37, P.O. Box 6147, (2) By radiotelephone: (a) upon receipt; (b) re- Stewart Airport, Newburgh, N.Y. 12550. peated 15 minutes later (for urgent messages only); 50 (c) text only on the first scheduled broadcast unless National Weather Service Offices.-The following cancelled; (d) additional broadcasts at the discre- offices will provide forecasts and climatological tion of the originator. data or arrange to obtain these services from other (3) Urgent broadcasts are preceded by the urgent offices. They will also check barometers in their signal; XXX for radiotelegraph; PAN for radiotele- 55 offices or by telephone; refer to the local telephone phone. Both the urgent signal and message are directory for numbers: transmitted on 500 kHz, 2182 kHz, and 156.80 Albany, N.Y.: Albany County Airport 12211. MHz (channel 16). Safety broadcasts are preceded Bridgeport, Conn.: Sikorsky Memorial Airport, by the safety signal: TIT for radiotelegraph; SE- Stratford, Conn. 06497. CURITY for radiotelephone. After the preliminary 60 Chatham, Mass.: Morris Island 02633. signal on 500 kHz and 2182 kHz, the station shifts Hartford, Conn.: Bradley International Airport, to its assigned working medium frequency ·for the Windsor Locks, Conn. 06096. radiotelegraph broadcast and 2670 kHz for the ra- Newark, N.J.: Newark International Airport diotelephone transmission. Those stations broad- 07114.

282 APPENDIX New York, N.Y.: National Weather Service Of- (See National Weather Service, chapter l, for fur- fice, 30 Rockefeller Plaza 10020; La Guardia Air- ther details.) PMO offices in the area covered by port, Flushing, N.Y. 11371; John F. Kennedy Inter- this Coast Pilot are as follows: · national Airport, Jamaica, N.Y. 11430. New York, N.Y.: 30 Rockefeller Plaza 10020. Providence, R.I.: T. F. Green Airport, Warwick, 5 Newark, N.J.: Newark Airport, Bldg. 51, 07114. R.l. 02886. Radio Weather Broadcasts.-Taped or direct Public Health Service Quarantine Stations.-Sta- broadcasts of marine weather forecasts and storm tions where quarantine examinations are performed: warnings are made by commercial and Coast Boston: U.S. Quarantine Station. Logan Interna- Guard radio stations in the area covered by this JO tional Airport, East Boston, Mass. 02128. Coast Pilot. These broadcasts usually are made sev- New York: U.S. Quarantine Station, lnterna- eral times a day; the transmission schedules are tional Arrivals Bldg., Room 2339, J.P. Kennedy shown on the Marine Weather Services Charts for International Airport, Jamaica, N.Y. 11430. the following areas: At other ports, quarantine and/or medical ex- Eastport, Maine to Montauk Point, N. Y. 15 aminations are usually performed by Public Health Montauk Point, N. Y. to Manasquan, N. J. Service contract personnel or by quarantine inspec- The weather broadcasts schedules of Coast tors from the nearest quarantine station. Inquiries Guard radio stations are also listed in the descrip- concerning quarantine matters should be directed tions of Coast Guard marine services found else- to the nearest quarantine station. where in this appendix. 20 Public Health Service Hospitals NOAA Weather Radio.-National Weather Ser- Staten Island: Bay Street, and Vanderbilt Ave- vice VHF-FM radio stations provide mariners with nue, Stapelton, N.Y. 10304. continuous FM broadcasts of weather warnings, Public Health Se\"ice Outpatient Clinics forecasts, radar reports, and surface weather obser- New York, N.Y.: 245 West Houston Street vations. These stations usually transmit on 162.55, 25 10014. 162.475, or 162.40 MHz. Reception range is up to Note.-For medical, surgical, or dental treatment 40 miles from the antenna site, depending on the or hospitalization for an American seaman at other terrain, type of receiver, and antenna used. The than one of the above facilities see Public Health following VHF-FM radio stations with location of Service, chapter 1. antenna are in or near the area covered by this 30 Radio shore stations providing medical advice.- Coast Pilot: Messages to shore stations may be transmitted in KHB-35, Boston, Mass. (42°13'N., 71°07'W.), code groups or plain language; messages should be 162.475 MHz. signed by the master and be prefixed: \"DH- KEC-73, Hyannis, Mass. (41\"4l'N., 70°2l'W.), MEDICO.\" 162.55 MHz. 35 The following stations maintain a continuous WXJ-39, Providence, R.I. (41°48'N., 7l 0 28'W.), guard on 500 kHz and are most accessible in point 162.40 MHz. of radio connection with medical relief facilities of WXJ-42, Meriden, Conn. (41°34'N., 72°51'W.), the U.S. Public Health Service in the area covered 162.40 MHz. by this Coast Pilot. KHB-47, New London, Conn. (41°26'N., 40 NMF, Sandwich, Cape Cod, Mass., U.S. Coast 72°08'W.), 162.55 MHz. Guard. WXJ-41, Hartford, Conn. (41°53'N., 72°23'W.), WCC, Chatham, Cape Cod, Mass., RCA Global 162.475 MHz. Communications, Inc. WXL-34, Albany, N.Y. (42°38'N., 74°00'W.), WSL, Amagansett, Long Island, N.Y., ITT 162.55 MHz. 45 World Communications, Inc. WXL-37, Kingston, N.Y. (41°56'N., 74°0l'W.), 162.475 MHz. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Regional KW0-35, New York, N. Y. (40°46'N., 73°59'W.), Offices 162.55 MHz. Region I (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, National Weather Service Forecast Offices 50 New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont): 585 (WSFO's).-Scheduled marine forecasts are issued Commercial Street, Boston, Mass. 02109. four times dai~y by Weather Service Forecast Of- Region II (New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, fices. (See Nat10nal Weather Service, chapter l, for Virgin Islands): 830 Third Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. f~rther details.) Individual WSFO's and their spe- 11232. cific areas of broadcast coverage are as follows: 55 Region III (Delaware, District of Columbia, New :V-ork, N.Y.:. (1) F~om Watch Hill to Mon- Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia): U.S. Custom- tauk ~omt, to and mcludmg Manasquan, N.J., out house, Room 1204, 2nd & Chestnut Streets, Phila- 20 mtles; (2) Long Island Sound; (3) New York delphia, Pa. 19106. Har~r. Region IV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississip- Natiooal Weather Service Port Meteorological 60 pi, North Carolina, South Carolina): 1182 W. Officers (PMO's).-Port Meteorological Officers Peachtree Street, N.W., Atlanta, Ga. 30309. provide .assis~nce on matte~ of weather chart ~- Region V (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, terpretatton, mstruments, manne weather commum- Ohio, Wisconsin): 175 W. Jackson Boulevard cation and requirements affecting ship operations. Room A-1945, Chicago, Ill. 60604. '

APPENDIX 283 Region VI (Louisiana, Texas): 3032 Bryan Street, Honolulu, Hawaii: P.O. Box 50001, 96850. Dallas, Tex. 75204. Miami, Fla.: P.O. Box 523054, 33152. Region IX (California, Hawaii): Federal Office Rock Tavern, N.Y.: New York Animal Import Bldg., Room 568, 50 U.N. Plaza, San Francisco, Center, Stewart Airport Rural Route I, Box 74, 5 12575. Calif. 94102. Region X (Alaska, Oregon, Washington): Federal Immigration and Naturalization Service Offices Office Bldg., Room 5003, 909 First Avenue, Seat- Connecticut: tle, Wash. 98174. Hartford: 900 Asylum Avenue 06105. 10 Massachusetts: Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Boston: John F. Kennedy Federal Bldg., Gov- Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Offi.ces.-Listed emment Center 02203. below are ports covered by this volume where New Jersey: APHIS inspectors are available to inspect plants, Newark: Federal Bldg., 970 Broad Street 07102. and plant and animal products, and locations of 15 New York: Animal Import Centers where livestock and birds Albany: U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Room 220, 44~ Broadw~y 12207. are inspected. . Information on importation of plants animals Flushmg: Flushmg Federal Savmgs Bldg., 136- . . .' ' 21 Roosevelt Avenue 11354. and plant and ammal pr~ucts ts available fr?m 20 New York: 26 Federal Plaza 10007. ~PHIS, Department of Agncultur~, Federal Budd- Rhode Island: · mg, 6505. Belcrest Road, Hyattsvtlle, Md. 20782. Providence: John o. Pastore Federal Bldg.-U.S. The specific offices to contact are as follows: for Post Office Room 203 Exchange Terrace 02903. plants, including fruits and vegetables, and plant '' products, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Regula- 25 Federal Communications Commission Offices tory Support Staff, Room 635, telephone 301-436- District field offices: 8247; for animal products, Plant Protection and Boston, Massachusetts: Room 1600, U. S. Quarantine, Veterinary Medical Office, Room 664, Customhouse, 165 State Street 02109. telephone 301-436-7633; and for live ruminants, New York, N.Y., 201 Varick Street 10014. swine, equines, and poultry and other birds, Veteri- 30 Measured Courses.-The positions of measured nary Services, Room 818, telephone 301-436-8170. courses are shown on the chart and their descrip- Connecticut: Long Hill Road, P.O. Box 712, tion is included in the Coast Pilots when informa- tion is reported to the National Ocean Survey. Groton: 402 06340. 35 Courses are located in the following places cov- New Jersey: ered by this Coast Pilot. Hoboken: 209 River Street 07030. Beach Channel, along south shore of Jamaica New York: Bay 12350. Albany: 80 Wolf Road, Suite 503, 12205. Captain Harbor, on south side of Great Captain New York: 26 Federal Plaza, Room 1747, 10007. 40 Island 12367. New York: John F. Kennedy International Air- Batons Neck (seasonal), off west side of Batons Ne~krtl~3f6l5i · port, International Arrivals Bldg., Room 2315, ff p rt J fli H bo 12362. Jamaica 11430 o e erson, o o e erson ar r Rhode Island.:. West Gilgo Beach, along State Boat Channel 45 12352. Warwick: 48 Quaker Lane, West Warwick The pages in the text describing the courses can 02893. be obtained by referring to the index for the geo- Animal Import Centers: graphic places; chart numbers follow the names.

T-1 \\ I CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLES These tables were prepared by the Envtro11nental Data and Infomation means less than 0. 5 percent. Service. Statioo level pressure refers to the actual press.ure bk.en at means less than 0. 5 day. the elevat1on of the station. Where it has been reduced to sea level. the term sea level pressure is used. Titne given is local standard time. means trace (not measurable) or precipitation. NANTUCKET, MASSACHUSETTS (41\"15'N.• 70004 1W.) Elevation 43 ft. (13. llm) WEATHER ELEMENTS YEARS TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) JAN. FEI. MAI. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. YEAR OF RECORD Mean Mean Daily Maximum 31. 8 31. 6 36. 9 44. 3 52. 8 61. 5 68. 0 67. 7 62. 5 54. 5 45. 9 35. 7 49. 4 30 Mean Daily Minimum 39. 2 38. 1 42. 5 50. 6 59. 9 67. 8 H.3 74.4 69. 3 60. 8 52. 3 42. 5 56. 0 30 Extreme Highest 26. 8 24. 6 29.6 38. 0 45. 3 54. 8 61. 7 61. 7 56. 4 47. 8 39. 5 29. 6 43.0 30 Extreme Lowest 18 63 56 62 69 77 89 90 95 84 77 69 58 95 18 RELATIVE HUMIDITY 2 7 30 50 46 35 20 3 2 20 39 22 2 Average PercentaRe (0100)1. s. t. Average Percentage (0700)1. s. t. 79 76 82 86 90 96 94 95 90 83 80 75 85 4 Avera1e Percentage (1300)1, e. t. 79 79 80 80 80 88 87 89 87 82 8-0 78 83 4 Aver•ge Percentage (1900)1. s. t. 67 67 67 65 69 76 76 75 71 67 71 69 70 4 75 76 80 82 86 92 91 92 88 81 78 75 83 4 CLOUD COVER 7. 0 6. 9 6. 5 6. 5 6. 7 6. 6 6. 8 6. 4 6. I 5. 8 7. I 7. 0 6. 6 23 Average Amount (Tenths) Equal To or Less Than 3/10 Average 768 777 6 8 9 10 5 6 86 23 Amount. Mean Number of Days 18 16 15 15 16 15 16 15 13 13 17 17 186 23 Equal To or More Than 8/10 Average 4. 02 3. 93 4.17 3. 64 3. 41 2. 32 2. 87 3. 89 3. 34 3. 26 4. 34 4. 16 43.'35 30 Amount. Mean Number of Days 8.24 8.07 8. 88 8. 4I 10. 38 o. 01 7. 45 12. 9i 7. 80 7. 45 7. 83 9. 74 12. 92 23 1. 21 1. 77 0. 97 1. 51 0. 01 0. 15 0. 42 0. 37 1.06 1. 31 0.01 23 PRECIPITATION 2. 82 2. 32 2. 92 4. 48 o. 59 3. 02 2. 65 o. 28 5. 05 3. 21 4. 95 4. 26 6. 53 23 10. 6 6. 53 3. 67 6.8 34. 8 23 Mean Amount Oncbes) 8. 7 20. 1 7. 5 o. 9 0. 0 0. 0 o.o * 0. 3 23 Greatest Amount (Inches) 17. 8 16. I 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 o. 0 0.0 * 15. s 20.1 Least Amount (Inches} 2 .8. 0 0. 0 0. 0 .2. 5 23 Maximum in 24 hrs. (Inches) 2 2 0 0 0 2 8 Mean Amount of Snow (Inches) 12 0 00 23 Maximum Snowfall in 24 hrs. Onches) 13 12 8 6 9 125 Mean Number of Days with Snow (One 12 10 89 12 13 Inch or More) 12.8 13. 2 13. 2 12. 7 11. 3 10.4 9. 6 9. s 10. 3 ] 1. 2 IJ. 6 12. 3 11. 5 22 O. 01 Inch or More of Precipitation. NW WSW SW SW S\\\\\" SW SW N'i\\' WNW 14 NW wm· SW SW Mean Number of Days 5 5 6 8 10 12 15 13 7 7 5 4 98 22 WIND ) Mean Wind Speed CKnots) Prevaillng Wind Oirection VISIBILITY Days with Vlsibll!ly Less than O, 25 mile

T-2 PRO\\'llJt;NCE, RHODE ISLAND {41 44'~ .• 71r.26'W.) Elevation 51 ft. (15. Sml WEATHER ELEMENTS JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. YEARS TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) 28. 4 DIEC. YEAR OF 36. 2 RECORD Mean 20. 6 Mean Dallv Maximum 29. 4 36. ~l 47. 3 56. f) 66. 4 72.1 70. 4 63. 4 5:~. 7 43. :i :n.s 50. 0 30 66 37.6 44.7 56. 7 66. 8 76. 3 81. l 7!1. 8 73. 1 63. !I 52. 0 5!J. 0 30 Mean Dail;. Minimum -5 21. 2 2!l. 0 37. 8 46. 0 56. 5 63. 0 61. 0 53. 6 43. 4 .14. 6 3!1. 6 Extreme Highest 2:1. 4 40. 9 :rn Extreme Lowest 2B 5'l 'j;i 'lO 04 95 'l7 ~~4 !)'.~ 85 78 Minimum 32 degrees For less. Mean ·5 UJ :~2 41 40 21 14 69 in II 21 40 :14 ·2 11 Number of Oays 26 .5 24 Jl RELATIVE HUMlD!TY n71 70 70 6'l 76 78 7R 82 77 76 75 II SH 61 55 I:! Average Percentage {0100)1. s. t. 56 55 54 48 51 57 57 54 56 Average Percentage (I300)l. s. t. ClJJFD COVER Average Amount (Tenths) 6. 2 6. 5 6. 7 6. 5 6. 6 6. 3 6. 4 6. 0 5. 8 5. 3 6. 4 6. 2 6. 2 21 12 R 8 103 2! \"Mean Number of Days with Clear Skies IO 8 14 7 JO J2 15 15 IS! 21 Mean Number of !Jays with Cloud)· Slot>! 14 D 15 14 13 II 12 PRECIPITATION 3. 52 '.{. 45 :L :1~1 '.L 72 :1 ~ 4 fj 2. 65 2. 85 :L !10 3. 26 3.:n 4..5:! 4. i:~ 42. 75 30 7. 12 5. 63 7. 83 7. 32 7. 27 6. 83 7. 02 8. 45 10. 75 11. 8~ 21 Mean Amuunl (\\nehes) 0. 50 l..1J l. 48 6. 29 11. 12 11. S!l 1. 56 21 Greatest Amount Onches) 3, J4 2. 72 i.n 2, 82 . 71 • :rn 1. 00 . fJ] . 77 3.04 • 58 • :rn 21 Lea.st Amount ([nches ! 10. 0 :i. 76 4. 8H 1. 62 3.RS 20 Maximum in 24 hrs. '1nc-ht>s) ~l. 2 18. ;{ 4, 53 o. 7 :?. o~ 2. BO 5. 47 0. 4 6. 63 21 Mean A mount of Snow (Inches) 10. 6 10. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 6. s:i '.LS 8. 0 38. 4 Maximum Snowfall in 24 hrs. (lnches) l! 16. ~) 3. 7 0. 0 o. 0 0. 0 11. 2 lH. 3 21 Me;m Number of Da:vs with Snow {One ll o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 0. I 11 II II 10 21 lnch or !Vlore) 0 ]. 6 O. OJ Inch or More of Precipitation, 124 11 IO 12 12 Mean Number o( Days WINIJ !J. 9 10. 2 10. 5 10. 6 !!. 4 fl. l 8. 5 8. I 8. 3 8. i !l. 2 9. 6 9. 4 10 NW SW SW SV. SW SW SW WNW SW JC Mean Wind Speed <Knots) \"\"'NV> s2s s 35SSW 30NN\\\\ 78ESE SW 36SE 45S 42SE 73ESB 21 Prevailing \"ind Direction 44SSW sos Max. Wind Speed & Direction (Knots) 40S 40SSE 37SSW Direction {Percentage of Obs. ) 8. 8 7. 2 n. :l 6. 7 6. I 4. 6 4. I 6. 5 7. 5 !l. 6 7. 3 7. 6 7. I 10 5. 5 ~forth 5. 4 4. 5 6. 6 7.!'l 5. 4 5. 8 :1. 2 5. I 5. I 8. 0 4. 5 3. 9 4. 4 10 5. 3 2.1 2. 7 I. 2 IO North Northeast 2. 5 4. 0 6. 7 6. 2 6. I 4. 4 3. 9 4. 2 4. 2 I. 5 I. 3 0. 8 I. 0 IO Northeast I.I 0. 7 0. 8 J. 0 10 Easl Northeast o. 4 I.I I. 8 !. 4 I. 4 !.4 0. 8 !. 4 0. 8 0. 8 0. fl 0. ~ 4. !J JO East 0. 7 0. 8 I. 4 1.5 I. 4 I. 4 0. 7 J. 0 o. 7 :1. 5 2. 7 2. 6 4. fl. JO East Southeast 4. 2 3. 6 l. 9 8. 4 10 South@ast 0. 7 0. 8 1. 3 J.3 1.2 1. 2 0. 6 I. 4 0. 8 i. !l IO South Southeast 8. I n..<J 6. I IO. 8 JO South 6.\"2. 2 4. :l 5. 3 H. 1 s. 2 6. I 5. 8 4. 7 6. 5 10 South Soulhwpst 6. 7 7. 0 E. 8 5. 8 10 Southwest 2. 6 3. ~! 3. 4 7. I !l.2 8. 0 5. I 5. 0 5. 0 7. 7 10 West Southwest 9. 8 11. B 10. 8 10 West 4. 4 5. 5 5. :1 8. 6 9. ~' I!. 7 I!. 2 10. 3 9. 8 4. 9 B. :l 10. I 10. l 10 West Northwest 5. 0 7. 2 8. 1 6. 0 IO Northwest 5. 7 4. 2 4. 0 7 ., 8. 4 10. 0 12. 2 11.2 11. a 5. 6 7. !! IO. 6 5. !l 10 North Northwest ~l. 2 10. ~ IO. 8 Calm 8. 7 fl, 3 5. 9 9. 2 9. 2 Ii. 5 t 7. 4 13. 1 12. 0 8. I 7. 0 8. i 8. 6 7. 5 6. 7 \\}Jrecti.on (Mean Speed. Knots) 7. 5 6. 8 5. H 5. 2 4. 5 5. 9 7. 3 6. 3 5. 2 North North Northeast 7. 2 6. 7 6. 4 5. 8 4. 0 5. I 5. 7 4. 5 4. 2 Northeast Ea.st Northeast 12. 0 12. 6 10. 3 6. !I 5. 6 5. 6 5. 6 4. 8 5. 6 East 'i. B s. n 7. 0 East Southeast 16. '.l 14. 8 12. 5 8. 6 7. 3 10. 0 Southeast South Southeast B. 6 B. 5 IO. 2 5. 9 5. :1 4. 3 3. 7 5. 6 5, H South South Southwest 6. 2 5. :1 3. 8 3. 5 5. I 5. 0 5, 6 6. 3 7. 5 Southwest West Southwest 10. n IO. 2 11. 2 10. 5 !!. 4 8. 8 8. I 8. 7 9. 1 f), 5 n. fl 10. 6 9. 8 10 West 9. 5 11.2 ~l. fl !O. 2 B. 2 9. 0 9. 8 JO. 3 IO. :1 IO West Not\"thwest 12. l 8. B 10.> 11.1 !l,l 7. 6 8. 5 8. 2 1o. ~J 10. 2 10 Northwest JO. 3 10. 3 fl. 4 n. 3 7. 5 8. 5 6. 9 f.I. 0 8. 7 H. 4 JO North Northwest 10. 3 9, 7 8. 0 8. 5 7. 4 9. 0 7. 0 !LI 7. 8 H. 4 10 8. I B. 3 9. 0 B. :1 7. 8 7, 8 B. 2 l~. 0 8. 2 IO VlSJBJLlTY 7. 3 8. 0 n\".· 72 8. 5 !J. 8 8. 0 10. 1 10. 0 12. 0 H. 2 6. 9 H. 2 10 8. 2 8. 7 9. 9 9. i IO !), 5 10. 2 o.:i 10. l 9. 9 9. J 10.1 o. 6 IO. 6 n. s 10.0 IO. 5 10. 3 10. 0 10.1 9. !) 11.'8 !J .. 5 10 7. D 9, 8 10. 2 8. 8 9. 5 9. s 12. 2 ~. 4 11. 1 II.I IO ~- 5 ~- 9 11.1 12. I 9. 2 8.6 JO. 2 10 11. 6 11. 4 11. 5 10. 7 IO. :1 10..1 10.0 II. 0 R. 7 10. I 8. 7 \"· 4 10 8.8 Hl.6 9. 0 11. 2 n\"·.:5i 10 8. 7 9. 6 !1.4 12. 4 n. 6 9. 6 8. 5 s. 8 a. o 9. 7 11. 8 11.0 JO 9. 4 10. 9 12. 5 7. 8 9. 7 9. 6 IO. 0 11. 9 11. 4 11. 4 11.2 8. 5 .9. 7 9. 2 8.1 7. 7 9.4 !!. 7 9, 5 10.:1 JO 11. 9 11.1 10. !J 8. 7 7. 2 6. 8 10. 5 !l. 0 9. 9 10 11. B 1:Lo 10. 6 IO. 5 IO. I 9. 0 8. I 8. 8 10. 5 JO. 8 II. 9 11. H !I.9 10. l 8. 0 7. 4 7. 7 a. n 9. 3 11. 5 10. 9 n. a 8. I 10. 2 11.1 9. 0 8. 0 10. 0 11. 3 11. 7 8. 8 7. 8 !). 4 9.:i 9. 2 n. 5 Days with Visib;\\ity Equal to or Less 26 21 than O. 25 mile

T-3 BLOCK ISLAND, RHODE ISLAND (41'10'N., 7P35'W.) Elevation 110 ft. (33. Sm) WEATHER ELEMENTS YEARS TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) JAN. FEI. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. YEAR OF RECORD Mean 31. 4 31. 3 36. 9 45. 3 53. 8 63. l 69. 5 6fl. 2 63. 8 55. 3 46. 0 35. 2 50. l 30 Mean Daily Maximum 37. 4 37. 2 42. 7 51. 7 60. 4 69. 7 75. 6 75. 3 69. 8 61. 4 51. 8 41. 2 56. 2 30 Mean Daily Mini mum 25. 4 25. 3 31. 0 39. 8 47. 2 56. 5 63, I 57. 7 48. 2 40. 1 29. 1 43. 9 30 Extreme Highest s:i. 3 24 Extreme Lowest 57 55 60 73 82 90 91 87 77 70 64 91 24 Minimum 32 decre.es F or less. Mean -2 -2 8 21 34 41 91 48 42 30 20 -4 -4 51 24 Number of Days 24 22 17 3 0 0 0 0 5 18 89 0 RELATIVE lfllMJDITY Average Percentage (0700)1. s. t. 73 73 75 79 80 84 87 86 84 80 76 72 79 14 Average Percentage (1300)1. s. t. 65 65 65 65 67 69 72 71 70 66 65 65 67 14 CLOUD COVER Average Amount (Tenths) 6. 5 6. 0 5. 6 6. 3 6. 2 6, 3 6. 8 6. 6 5. g 5. 4 6. 6 6. 2 6. 2 19 7 7 10 II 7 7 97 19 Mean Number of Days with Clear Skies 6 6 9 8 7 8 13 13 II 12 14 14 154 19 Mean Number of Days with Cloudy Skies 14 12 13 13 13 12 PRECIPITATION Mean Amount (Inches) 3. 41 3. 32 3. BB 3. 51 3. 25 2. 20 2. 74 3. 86 3. 00 2. 88 4. 35 4.11 40. 51 30 6. 74 6. 88 8. 52 7. 78 5. 98 6. 81 6. 15 9. 73 8. 74 8. 06 8. 12 11. 51 24 Greatest Amount Unches) l. 20 l. 16 l. 15 11. 51 l. 2:i 24 Least Amount (Inches) • 27 2. 86 3, 63 2. 67 . 72 2. 39 • 39 • 26 . 33 • 81 3. 96 . 83 8. 52 24 Maximum in 24 hrs. (lnches) 4. 06 0. 0 3. 16 4. 66 6. 63 4, ~9 20. 7 23 Mean Amount of Snow (Inches) 6. I 6. I 0. 3 z. 35 0.0 8. 52 0. 2 16. 9 24 Maximum Snowfall in 24 hrs. (Inches) 4. 9 16. 9 11. 5 2. 0 o. 0 o. 0 0. 0 0 2. 5 3. I Mean Number of Days with Snow (One 9. 0 0. 0 0 o. 0 7 6. 3 6 24 2 2 10 0. 0 0. 0 o. 0 IO Inch or More) 2 B I 111 24 0. 01 Ineh or Mor~ of Precipitation, 10 JO 0 0 00 11 II Mean Number of Days 10 7 87 VISIBILITY Days with Visibility Equal to or Less 4 4 5 9 II 11 12 II 5 4 3 :i 62 14 than 0. 25 mile

T-4 HARTFORD. CONNECTICl'T {4J~56'N., 72°4l'W.) l!:levation 169 !t. (51. 5m) WEATHER ELEMENTS JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. YEARS TEMPERATl'RE (DEGREES F) 24. 8 SIPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. YEAR OF 33. 4 RICORD Mean 16. I Mean Daily Maximum 26. 8 35. 6 47. 7 58. 3 67. 8 72. 7 70. 4 62. 8 52. 6 41. 3 28. 2 49, 1 30 Mean Daily Mini.mum 65 35. 7 44. 6 58. 9 70. 3 79. 5 84. I 81. 9 74. 5 64. 3 50. 6 38.6 59. 6 30 Extreme Highest -26 17. 9 26. 6 36. 5 46. 2 56. 0 61. 2 58. 9 40. 8 31. 9 19.6 38. 6 30 Extreme Lowest 51. 0 15 Minimum 32 degrees F or less, Mean 29 59 77 94 96 100 102 98 96 91 81 65 102 JS - 21 -6 9 30 37 44 36 30 18 12 -9 -26 Number of Days IS 26 22 9 I 0 0 0 6 17 27 138 RELATIVE HUMIDITY 72 73 73 70 73 78 80 84 87 84 80 79 78 IS 57 57 53 45 47 52 51 52 55 51 S8 63 53 IS Average Percentage (0700)1. s. t. Average Percentage (1300)1. s. t. CLOUD CO\\\"ER Average Amount (Tenths) 6. 3 6. 6 6. 8 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 6. 6 6. 3 6. I 5. 9 7. 0 6. 8 6. 5 20 957 77 20 Mean Number oC Days with Clear Skies 8 6 6 6 6 5 5 6 B 13 16 17 178 20 Mean Number of Days with Cloudy Skie1 15 14 17 15 16 15 14 13 13 PRECIPITATION 3. 28 3. 17 3. 82 3. 75 3. 50 3. 53 3.41 3. !l4 3. SS 3. 03 4. 33 4. 06 43. 37 30 5. 54 5. 28 6. 71 6. 59 7. 49 9. 86 8.20 8. 57 11. 61 8. 53 8. 36 21.87 20 Mean Amount (Inches) 1. 14 I. 50 I. 38 I. 40 21. 87 I. 22 2.14 20 Greatest Amount (Inches) • 39 2.16 2. 31 3.00 • 73 • 71 3. 48 1.09 5. 28 • 35 2. 39 • 78 • 35 20 Least Amount finches) 2. 44 13. 5 13. J 2. 71 3. 72 4. 45 3, 12 12. 12 1\" Maximum in 24 hrs. {Inches) II. 2 15, 0 14. 0 I. 7 o.o 12. 12 o.o 1.9 13. 2 !i4.6 20 Mean Amount of Snow Onches) 14. 2 5. l 0 o. 0 o.o o. 0 o.o •c 8.0 13. 9 Maximum Snowfall in 24 hrs. (lnches) 3 3 II 0.0 0. 0 15.0 20 Mean Number of Days with Snow (One 3 I 0 o. 4 12 4 11 II 0 00 14 20 ltK:h or More) 10 11 10 0 13 0. 01 tnch or More of Precipitation. 11 10 10 127 8 Mean Number of Days WIND 8. 3 s. 7 •• 2 9. 4 8. 3 7.4 6.8 6. 6 6. 7 7. I 7. 7 7. 8 7.8 20 NW NW N 10 Moan Wind Speed (Knots) 43NW NW 43NE s s s s s s sN s 20 Prevailing Wind Direction 3SW Max. Wind Speed & Direction {Knots) 46SW 41NE 36NW 38W 31NW 38NW 37NE uw 43NW 46SW Direction (Percentage of Obs. ) 15. 9 11. 4 13.1 10.6 7.8 7. 7 7.2 13,0 14. 0 15.1 10. 9 13. 8 11. 7 10 North 5. 5 4. 7 7. 7 6.0 •• 4 4,) 3. I 4. 5 5.1 6. 6 2. 5 3.8 4•• 10 NOl\"th Northeast 3, 2 5,4 8. 5 6. 5 :;, 9 3, I •• 9 3. 9 6.6 3. 3 2. 6 4•• 10 Northeast 0.3 I. 3 1.0 I. 3 5.0 o. 5 1.1 1.0 I.I 0.2 1.0 10 Eut Northeast o. 7 2. I 2. 3 1.1 I. 7 2. 3 o. 7 0.8 I. 4 10 East 0.2 1. 3 o. 7 2. 2 1. 6 1. 3 I. 5 0.6 0.9 o. 7 o. 5 0.6 10 East Southeast 1.1 3. 0 1. 0 0.6 2.5 o.5 0.6 0. 3 2.8 10 Southeast 1.4 o. 5 2. 0 o. 9 3, 5 0.8 3. 5 2. 7 2.6 3.0 10 South Southeast 6. 5 4.4 4.8 3.0 18. 7 3. 5 2. 2 2.1 2.9 JO South 8. s I. 5 2.0 2. 5 4.0 21. 9 3. 8 6, 9 19. 3 2. 6 2. 6 11. 9 15.0 10 South Southwest I. 7 4. 7 3. 0 18. 7 8. 9 20. 8 11. 6 6. ~ 12.2 17.1 5. 7 6.0 10 Southwest 3. 9 7. 5 2.6 16. 7 9.0 J0.6 7. 1 3. I 8.6 5. 0 5.9 11. 7 8.9 10 West Southwest 7. 2 4. 9 7. 8 8. 3 9.1 3. 3 12. 3 5. 3 I. 9 6.4 10. 5 3. 8 3.2 10 West 2. 7 7. 6 9.0 6, J 3.1 5.5 •• 7 4. 5 5.0 2.5 4. 2 6.0 6.4 10 West Northwest 5, 3 3, 5 2. 9 4.1 4. 8 7. 3 8. I 8.6 7.0 10 Northwest 18. 7 6.6 4.4 8.8 4. 3 4.3 s. 9 7. B 12. 2 6.9 IO North Northwest 10.2 9. 7 8.3 8. 3 10.2 3. 5 s. 2 5. 7 9. 5 II, 8 5. 5 12. 7 10 Calm 20.8 12. 2 2. 2 11. 3 4. 5 4.6 4.4 6. 0 4. 4 9. 3 18.0 5. 9 4. 5 9.6 13. 5 6. 9 5.1 Direction (Mean Speed. Knots) 7. 4 4. 8 3. 6 8. 9 5.6 North S.6 4.0 2. 8 8. 3 5.1 6.4 North Northeast Northeast a.•9.3 8. 3 9,6 10.1 8. 9 6.1 7.0 7. 2 7. 4 a. 2 8.8 8. 2 10 Eaat Northeast 10. 2 9. 3 9.6 JO Eaat 11. 8 9. 8 12.4 10.0 8. 9 7. 6 7.1 6. 7 8. 7 8.3 8.4 JO East Southeast 9.2 6. 7 6.4 7.9 IO Southeaat 9.0 8. 9 10.l 9. 9 8. 4 7. 5 6. 3 6.6 7. 9 7.4 6.9 6.1 IO South Sout~et 4.8 4.0 6.0 IO South 5.2 7. 6 8. 3 8.0 9.9 6. 9 6.0 6. 9 8.4 6.0 4. 7 •• 5 10 South Southweat 6,3 5. 7 5.4 o.s 10 Souttnreet 4.1 6. 3 6. 4 6. 8 7. 8 5.9 5.4 8.0 4.8 6, 2 7. 9 10 West Southwest B.9 8.0 8.0 10 West 5. 2 6. 7 7. 0 7. 3 7.9 7. I 6. 3 6. 6 4.6 7. 3 10.2 8.3 IO West Northwest 9.1 9.5 7.8 IO Northw&at s. 3 6.1 5. 9 6.8 6.4 6.(1 5,3 s. 9 6.2 a.1 9.8 7.8 8.8 111 Norlh Northwest 9.8 8. 9 8. 7 9.8 10 B.O 8.5 7.6 9.1 8.8 8.2 6. 7 8.8 7. 2 7.6 10,6 9.9 JO VISIBIUTY 7. 2 10,4 IZ. 7 8.I 10 8.4 8. 7 8. 3 10. 8 11.5 9,3 7.6 7. 4 8.0 7.4 9,3 10.2 8.8 Dayit With Vlolb!Uty Eq>oll to or Less 10.J 9.2 9.3 tb&n O. 25 m.Ue 9.1 9,6 11. 7 11. 3 11. I 9.5 8.9 8. 3 9,7 JO.I 11. 5 8.8 10.2 8. 2 8.0 8.0 8.3 9. 2 8.3 8.1 7.6 7.8 1),3 8.2 9. 7 Jl. '1 9.4 9.8 8.9 B.6 7.5 7.1 9.8 11. 7 10.0 10.1 8. 7 9.1 8.0 7. 7 7.2 12.9 13. 7 12. 3 12.0 11. 2 9.6 9. 7 9.4 9.3 12.1 11. 7 11. 6 11. 6 II, I 9. l> 8.2 8.5 8.8 10.5 9. 2 10.0 10.2 11. 0 8. J 7.1 6. 9 7.6 2322232 34 4 2 3 33 20

T-5 BRIDGEPORT. CONNECTICl'T (41°10'N., 73°08'W.) Elevation 7 ft. (2. Im) WEATHER ELEMENTS YEARS TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) JAN. FEI. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. YEAR OF RECORD Mean 30. 2 30. 9 37. 9 48.4 58. 3 67. 9 73. B 72. 7 66. 5 56. 8 46. 0 33. 8 51. H 30 36. 9 37. 9 45. 0 56. 5 66. 7 76. 0 81. 5 80. 4 74. 5 65. 1 53. ;; 40. 5 59. 5 30 Mean Daily Maximum 23. 4 23. 9 30. 8 40. 3 49. 9 59. 8 66. I 64. 9 58. 4 48. 5 38. 7 27. 1 H.3 30 Mean Daily Minimum Extreme Highest 65 57 67 85 92 96 100 93 93 84 76 65 100 \"g Extreme Lowest -3 -2 4 21 31 41 55 48 39 26 16 6 -3 Minim\\lrn 32 degrees F or less, Mean 9 25 25 18 4 0 0 0 0 I 8 21 104 Number of Days RELATIVE HUMIDITY Average Percentage (0700)1. s. t. 70 70 70 69 75 78 76 78 80 77 77 75 75 9 Average Percentage (1300)1. s. t. 59 58 58 54 60 62 59 60 61 58 62 64 60 9 CLOUD COVER Average Amount (Tenths) 6. 2 6. 2 6. 4 6. 4 6. 4 6. 0 6. 0 ... 6 5. 6 5. 2 6. 3 6. 2 6. 0 26 7 9 JO 11 B 9 101 26 Mean Number of Days with Clear Skies 9 B8 7 7 8 155 26 11 11 11 11 14 15 Mean Number of Days with Cloudy Skies 15 13 14 14 14 12 PRECIPITATION 2. 71 2. 71 3. 49 3. 39 3. 57 2. 56 3. 44 3. BO 2. 88 2. 79 3. 83 3. 44 38. 61 30 6.41 6. 65 9.40 7. 38 17. 70 10. 72 7. 87 17. 70 26 Mean Amount (Inches) !. 44 1. 16 a. 14 12. 84 13. 29 7. 42 10. 22 26 Greatest Amount (Inches') .40 2. 31 2. 74 . 78 . 07 '3:1 1. 26 . 33 . 07 26 Least Amount (Inches) 2.42 . 84 3. 23 6. 89 . 82 . 77 . 43 4. 28 4. 07 3. 69 6. 89 25 Maximum in 24 hrs. (Inches) B. 3 5. 3 2. 54 26. 7 26 Mean Amount of Snow (Inches) 6. 8 16. 7 11.J 0 o. 0 5. 95 3. 97 4. 67 o. 5 5. 6 16. 7 Maximum Snowfall in 24 hrs. (Inches) 11. 0 0. 5 o. 0 0. 0 7. 8 26 Mean Number of Days with Snow (One 2 I 3. 7 11 o. 0 o. 0 5. 4 7 2 0 o. 0 2 26 Inch or More) 10 II ,_ o. 0 0. 0 117 O. 01 Jnch or More of Precipitation. II 9 11 II 00 00 Mean Number of Days 89 9 6 10 WIND 11. 3 12. 1 12. 0 11. 3 10. I 9, 2 8. s 8. 7 9. 7 JO. 2 11.1 11. 2 10.4 18 NW NW NW SW NE NE SW 7 Mean Wind Speed <Knots) N E SW SW 48ESE 41NNE NW NW Prevailing Wind Direction 58NNW 56NNW 44SW 44SW 58NNW 14 Max. Wind Speed & Direc;hon (Knots) 48NW 43NNW 33WSW 35WNW 50SE 46WSW VISIBILITY Days with Visibility Equal to or Less 33334 4 2 1 I 2 l 2 29 29 than 0. 25 mile

T-6 NEW HAVEN, CONNECT1Ct:T (41' 16'N., 72\"53'W.) E1e1ration 6 rt. (1, 8m} YEARS WEATHER ELEMENTS JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. YEAR OF TEMPERATURE (DEGREES Fl RECORD Mean 28 .. 9 30. 2 37. 4 47. 8 57. 2 66. 8 72. '.i 70. 9 64. 5 54. 7 44. 0 32. 2 50. 6 30 Mean Daily Maximum 37. 1 38. 0 44. fl 55. 8 66. 8 75. 2 80. 5 7!=1.4 73. 3 63. 7 51. 9 40. 4 58. 9 30 Mean Daily Minimum 22. 0 21. 1 28. fl 37. 9 57. 1 63. 2 61. 8 54. 5 44. 2 34. 9 24. 4 41. 5 30 Extreme Highest 47. 5 24 Extreme Lowest 65 60 74 83 86 96 !00 !00 91 84 74 63 !00 24 Minimum 32 degrees F or less. Mean -8 -5 l l7 32 40 47 45 33 !4 -3 -8 ~4 24 Number of Days 26 25 21 5 0 0 0 0 ll 25 114 2 RELA 'Ii \\'E Ht:MIDITY Average Percentage (0700)1. s. t. 76 76 75 75 77 79 Bl 83 84 83 81 78 79 24 Average Perc-entage (1300)1. s. t. 63 61 6! 61 63 65 66 67 66 6:l 64 64 64 24 CWUU COVER Average Amount (Tenths) 6. 4 6. :i 6. J 6. 5 6. 5 6. 0 5. 9 5. 8 5. 5 5. 2 6. 2 6. 2 6. l 24 Mean Number of Days with Clear Skies 999 76B 7 8 JO J2 B 9 !OJ 24 Mean Number of Days with Cloudy Skies 16 14 14 J5 14 12 11 JJ JJ 11 J4 !5 J58 24 PRECIPITATION Mean Amount {Inches) 3, 21 3. 09 3. 97 3. 72 3, 67 2. 73 3.13 3. 82 3. JO 3. 05 4. 25 4. 07 41. 81 30 Greatest Arnount (Inches) 8. 35 4. 75 10. 78 6. 53 7. 77 14. 67 JO. \"5 8. 58 7. 88 14. 67 31 Least Amount Unches) 1. 4!) 1. 85 s. 73 9. 99 10. 06 !. 67 31 Maximum in 24 hrs. (Inches) . 25 2. 76 1. 55 2. 81 . 77 .12 • 93 . 26 4. 68 . 98 .12 24-25 Mean Amount of Snow (Inches) 2. 85 10. 7 3. lI 3. 09 7. 25 . 73 3. 90 . 64 4. 25 7. 25 24 Maximum Snowfall in 24 hrs. (Inches) 17. 2 0. 7 3. 81 1. 0 37. H 24 Mean Number o! Days with Snow (One 9. 4 7. l 4. 8 o. 0 4. 29 0. 0 5. 55 5. 0 8. 9 17. 2 14.6 13. 5 0. 0 o. 1 15. 0 Inch or More) ' 0.0 o. 0 o. 0 ., 3 1. 3 :i O. 01 lnc:h or More of Precipitation. J3 0. 0 0.0 Jl Mean Number of Days 12 12 32 00 00 0 1l 24 11 12 12 JO 10 9 98 128 24 WIND Mean Wind Speed {Knots) 7. 2 7. 4 i. 6 7. 3 6.4 5. 8 5. 5 5. 6 6.1 6. 4 6. 9 7. 2 6. 7 21 Max. Wind Speed &- Direction (Knots) 39S 36W 37E 4INW 30SW 28SW 30SW 43W 36N 38E SOE 39SW SOE 25 VISllllLlTY Days with Visibility Equal to or Less 3 2 :i 3 4 3 2 2 2 22 I 28 21 than o. 25 mile

T-7 NEW YORK, NEW YORIC (40'3fl'N., 73'47'W,) BleY&tion 13 It. 14.0m) TIAll WIATHll ILIMINTI \"'\"'.IAN. RI. MAI. AN. MAY .IULY AUG• llPr. OCT. NOV. DK. YIAI Of SBA LEVEL PllESSURE llCORD Mnn IM!Uibaral 101a.o 1011. 3 1015.1 1014.5 1015,8 1014.8 1015,S 1011. 0 ·1018. 3 ·1018. 3 1017. 2 1018.6 1018.6 16 TEMPEllATt:RE IDBGRl!:ES F) Mean 31.4 32. 2 39. 3 49,9 59. 8 89. 5 75. l 73.6 n.o 57. 3 46.5 34.\" 53.1 30 Mean Oatly Maxim\\lm 38.0 39.1 46.5 58.1 88.4 78.0 83.2 81. 7 75.4 85.8 53, 7 41. 3 80.8 30 Mean Daily Minimum 24.8 25.2 32.1 41. 7 51.1 60,A 8tl. 9 65.4 58.6 48, 7 39.3 28.4 45.3 30 14 Extreme Hl!IM•I 65 65 72 87 9fl 99 104 118 IM 84 76 88 104 14 Extreme Lowe•t 0 -2 1 2' 34 45 55 H 49 20 5 ·2 Min:imum 32 defttes F or le11, Mean .2' 13 2S 22 13 2 0 0 0 0 0 s 19 85 NumberofO.ya RELATIVE HUMIDITY 71 70 70 89 70 74 73 11 78 71 14 73 73 u 59 58 57 55 57 81 57 57 57 114 57 81 n 13 A..,.._ Percentoee (070011. •· L A........ Percentap USOO)l••• L CLOUD COVER A...,.._ A - (Tenths) S. I 6.3 1.2 1.2 I.I 1.2 I.I 5. 7 S.4 s. 2 6. 3 1.4 1.0 18 114 H Mean Number ot Daya with Clear Sides 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10 12 7 8 10 14 15 14• II Mean Number of Days with Cloudy Slde1 14 13 14 13 12 12 12 10 10 PRBCIPITATI0:-1 2.19 3.05 3.77 3.59 3.114 2.111 4.04 4.30 3. 31 2. 78 3.90 3.80 .41. 53 30 5.11 5.48 1.83 8.14 1.70 17.41 9.IO 1.41 fl,51 6.16 21 Mean A..,_,t <Incbe•) 1.U 1.35 8.118 .4' 1.46 1'1.41 27 . '·\"•21t.87 2.27 1.12 .:ia 2.ZS 3,ZI .42 • 70 ..o• 1.10 2,41 Greateat Amount Unche•) 1.2 2.12 1.51' 5.83 4,0R 1,59 n Ledl Arnoant llncbeal 1.IO 19, 9 4.5 2.u o.o o.o 3.42 4,1 24.1 Masimmn. in 24 braa (lnche•l 8, I D.3 o.o o.o o.o 0.2 1.2 15 ••• ..u.o 2 s,2 0 0. 0 o.o o.o o.s 2.1 19.n 18 - Amount al Snow (lncbeo) I 0 I llu:lmum - f a l l In 24 bra. <Incbe•l .2 0 0 0 0\" 7 11 - Number of Daya with Sl1ow (Ono II ID 10 JI 11 11 10 9 9 I 7 II 117 18 Inell or Morel I 0. 01 Inch Of' More al p.....,1pttation, M..,. ltumber of Dll)'8 WIND 45W 4CIWSW 38W saw 385SW 28WSW SZN!IW 40Wl'IW 35WNW 34W SINE 40ENE 45W II 10.8 10.8 11,I n.1 10.2 9.1 17 Mu. Wind Speed 6 DINCl!on (K-o) 11. 7 12.4 13,I 10.1 9.1 8.5 7.8 T. 7 8.4 o.o II. 3 11. s 12.1 Mun Wind s,.eed (K-.l (070011.••t• n Mean Wind Speed (Knot.I (1800)1, a. L 13. 7 12. 7 12.7 12,3 11.4 11. 5 10.9 lllnctl.., (Percentap of Obtl. ) •••8.5 •• 8 7.4 8. 5 5.5 5.1 5.0 •• 7 1.1 8.3 •• 2 7, 7 ••• 11 f>.1 5.4 5.1 5.9 4.8 4.3 4.3 7.3 Nortll Northeut 5.4 5.4 a.o 5,0 5, 2 3.8 a.a 5.1 •• 8 a.1 5,5 s. 7 5.8 17 s.s 4.4 5,3 4,1 4.1 3,4 2.1 3.8 S.T 5. 5 11 -Nortbeaet 7.8 5. 3 8,5 (.J 17 -..,i-t 4.8 s. 7 3,4 3.1 17 llLltSoalheaet 2.0 3. 0 3.S 4,2 4.4 3.1 2.1 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.1 1.1 2. 7 n -----·9aodlnreet •••s.ol.S 2.4 2.• 3. 7 4.9 4. J 2.8 z.8 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.2 3.1 11 5.1 17 Well!Soutbweat 1.1 2.3 2.3 4.0 s.1 3.9 4. 3 3. J 2.5 2. 5 I. 5 9,n 17 Weet WeatNortbweat 2,0 3•• 3,9 7.4 8.2 7.5 7. 7 5.8 3.1 3.1 I.I a.a 17 !lonliwelll 1.s IT North Nortlnre•t 4. 7 s. 5 7.2 11.4 U.4 17.J 15.7 14.2 11.1 7,5 1.1 4.1 Cll1m .. ,8.8 n.z H,4 12.0 •••7. 5 17 1.5 5. 9 5, 3 8.9 9.T a.z 1.2 5.1 11 Dlnelion (Mean Speed, K.a.l 7,J a.1 \\1, I 10.4 ••• •••1.2 7.1 5,4 1.0 8.T 9.1 9,S 9,S 7.4 17 NortllNortlJeut s.o 1.9 S.4 •• 2 11 8,7 1,3 5.8 4'·.3' 7. I 10.3 11. 7 •• 5 I? -- t l,Z 8,3 8,3. ...3.n 3.5 4,0 3.e 1.5 17 4.5 4.9 8.0 10.8 .... North<laot 4. 7 4.1 4.1 3. s Ba.et 12,4 11.3 11.0 7.5 s.1 4.1 4.8 S.5 5.8 9.3 10.1 ~ 11.4 U. I 12. 3 1.7 7.9 9.8 10. 2 1.5 7. 7 1.3 1.2 S.7 5.2 4. 7 4.5 a.o ----·t--at •• 5 ?.3 7.1 8-weat I. I 0. 8 1.0 1.0 I. 7 1.2 I.I z. 2 1.5 1.a I.I 0,0 Weet 10.1 10.2 11.0 11.J )Q.O 9.4 1.2 8. s 9.\"I 9.11 9.3 10.2 n.9 11 10.0 11. 5 11. I 9.1 A.I 1.1 9.11 10.0 9,5 IT ·----·--t-~ ...10.8 10.0 10.1 U.4 9.0 1.8 a.o 1.4 10. l 8. 8 9.8 9,& ID.I 11.6 10.s 9.0 1. 5 7.e 1.2 9.1 9.4 9.S 17 VISUllUTY ••• ...8.t9.5 12.0 9.8 8.9 a.o 1.2 ?.9 9.8 9.1 11 •••e.o 8.0 11.t 7.9 11.5 1.3 9. 7 I.I 1.0 17 Le••~ wi1ll V1tdbllil1 Bqu\"1 to OI' •••1.2 10.2 9.5 .9.1 9.2 1.0 •• 7 9.1 II. 3 7. g 9.2 11 -0.:tllmile •••9,9 10.3 10.4 11.2 11.0 9.4 10, 7 10.J e.o 10.0 17 10.0 II. 2 11.4 10.1 10.4 10.1 10.2 ...•a•.•s 10.1 9.D a.n 17 ....10.2 11.0 11. 5 JO.I 9.9 0.4 10.11 10. 4 11,6 17 9.5 10.2 II. I A.7 9.8 1.1 11. 0 8.1 11. 7 9, 3 17 ••• ••• ... .., ...8.3n.110.3 8,2 1.4 9.4 10,3 11. B 10.. 17 11.11 9.' 10.Z 9.t 8.3 a.r. 10.1 11 11.5 11.1 11.t 9.4 9.5 9.7 10.2 1e0..•• 14.2 0.S 10.1 II. 3 9.2 17 as.• ••• •••U.8 14.0 10. 7 9.9 10. 7 17 U.e e.o 9. 7 11.0 II. A 17 14.5 14..1 11.1 10.9 9,8 10. 4 U.4 n. 2 11. 9 14.S 14. l u.o 11.1 11.J 8.2 10.0 12. 2 12. 7 17 •••H.Z ID.5 12.1 tz,4 12. 7 U.7 11.z 11.0 12.5 12.5 11. 7 11. 7 10.0 9,0 8.7 10. 9 12.' 11.5 a34 J 3 4t I I 3 2 3 J1 ti

T-8 ALHANY, NEW YORK (42c45'N .• 73\"48'W.) Elevation 2\"15 ft. (83. Sm) WIATHll ILIMINTS ....JAN. YIAIS MAI. API. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SIPT. OCT. NOV. DIC. YIAI Of SEA LEVEL PRESSt;RE Mean (Millibars) llCOID 1019. 2 1017. 2 1015. 5 1015. 4 1014. 4 1013. 5 1014. 2 1016.0 1011. n 1017. 8 1018. 3 1018. 3 1016. 5 30 TEMPERATl!RE (l)EGREES Fl Mean 21. 5 23. 5 33. 4 46. 9 57. 7 67. 5 72. 0 69. 6 61. 9 51. 4 39. 6 25. A 47. 6 30 Mean l.>aily Maximum 30. 4 32. 7 42. 6 58.0 69. 7 79.4 83. 9 81. 4 73. 7 62. 8 48. I 34. I 58. I 30 Mean Dally Minimum 14. 3 24. 2 35. 7 45. 7 55.6 60.1 57. 8 50.1 40. 0 31. I 17. 7 :11.1 30 Extreme Htthe•t 12. 5 Extreme Loweet 62 57 77 88 02 98 98 A3 93 84 77 65 ~)8 0 Minimum 32 dearees F or leas, M~an -10 10 26 36 43 37 28 16 5 -22 9 -28 - 21 -28 Number of Days 26 15 2 0 0 0 1 \" 18 28 9 30 \\ 27 156 74 70 74 78 RELATIVE m:MIOJTY 54 47 52 56 Averap Percentage (0700)1. s. t. 79 76 7. 0 6. 9 6. 9 6.6 79 83 87 84 82 82 7!1 9 Avera1e Percenta1e (1300)L e. t. 63 58 6 6 5 5 54 54 57 55 64 68 57 9 CLOUD COVEil ... 17 16 17 14 Averaie Amount (Tenths) 7. 0 6. 9 6. 3 6. 0 6.0 6. I 7. 5 7. 3 6. 7 36 Mean Number of Daya with Clear Skies 66 Mean Num'!>er of Daya with Cloudy Skies 678 84 5 72 36 17 15 184 36 12 12 12 14 19 19 PRECIPITATION 2. 20 2. 11 2. 58 2. 70 3. 26 3. 00 3. 12 2. 87 3. 12 2. 6:! 2. 84 2. 93 33. 36 30 4.12 4.14 5. ;4 4. 71 8. !16 7. 36 s. 89 1. :!3 7. 87 a. s::1 8.07 8. 06 28 Mean Amount (Inches} I. 07 1.14 I. 22 }. 17 6.n • 20 28 Greatest Amount (Inches) • 73 • 36 1. 5:i 2. 20 2. 17 • 65 • 49 . 73 .40 • 20 :l. 01 .64 4. 52 28 Leaat Amount (Inches) 1. 68 I. 42 12. 4 3. 48 2. 70 4. 52 3. 66 2. 66 4. 02 66. 3 27 Maximum :ln 2-t hrs. Unches) 14. 9 15. 5 15. n 2.4 0. I 0. 0 •• 4 16. 5 28 Mean Amount of Snow Onches) 15. 4 17. !) 10. 7 I. 4 0. 0 o. 0 o.o O. I 21. 9 18. 3 21. n Maximum Snowf•ll in 24 hrs. Unches) 3 o. 0 o.o 2.0 28 Mean Number of Day1 •ith Snow (One 4 4 I '~ o. 0 o. 0 I 4 16 12 0 0 8 28 Jnch or More) 12 11 12 1:1 0 0 12 13 135 O. 01 Inch or More of Precipitation. II 10 II 9 Mean Number of Days WINll a.• 8. 5 8. 8 8. 7 7. 5 7. 0 6. 3 5. 9 6, 4 6. 7 7. 2 7. 6 7. 5 10 Mean Wind Speed (Knots) WNW WNW WNW WNW s s ss ss ss s 15 P,..vajling Wind Direotion Max. Wtnd Speed &. Direction CKnota) sow 62NW 48W 42W 4JW 50NW 37NW 338 425 39NW 61E 47W 62NW 36 Direction (Per~entage.of Obs.) II. 7 8. 2 9, 7 9, 5 7. 6 5. 9 5. 3 7. 3 6. I 8. 4 5. 7 9. 0 7. 9 10 North 4. 5 •• 9 •• 7 3. 9 3. 3 3. n 2. 8 •. 5 3.1 4.1 10 Nor\"th Northeast 4. 8 I. 8 s. 7 2. 2 1. 7 I. 9 t. 5 I.I 1.9 1. 2 3. 2 10 Northeast I. 9 1.0 I. 2 0.8 I.I I. 3 0. 8 1. 0 1. 8 10 Eut Nonhea•t I, 0 1.0 2. 2 I. 2 I.I 1.0 o. 7 o. 6 1.0 1. 0 0. 5 0.8 10 East 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 o. 5 0. 9 0.6 0. 9 10 Ea•t Southea•t o. 7 2. 0 2. 5 3. 0 2.4 1.0 0.8 2. 0 o. e 0.8 10 Soutbea•t o. 5 10. 6 o. 9 12. 9 12.1 13. 5 0.6 o. 9 13.0 o. e 2. 3 10 South Southeast 10. 6 12. 3 15. 2 17. 7 1. 2 o. 8 16.:i 10 South I. 3 2. 0 0. 7 2. 9 :i. 7 I.I 2. 7 2. 4 1. ~ 12.0 10 South Southwest t. n 3. I •• 9 2. 8 11. 7 2. 8 11. 9 4. 0 12. 0 U.B Southweat 8.6 3. 3 l. B 4. 3 3. 5 4. 0 12.0 17. I 15. 8 15. 5 3. 1 16. 7 10 Weat Southwe1t 12.1 10. 0 II. 5 3.6 5.0 17. 7 5. 7 3. 8 10 We e t 10.8 7, 7 15. 6 11. 0 10. 6 6.4 18.\" 3.4 4. 8 3. 6 3. 3 10 Wellt Northwe•t 2.4 23. 0 5. 0 13. 5 II. 9 4. 8 5. 2 2. 7 10. 9 J, 1 •• 0 10 Nortbwe•t I. 5 5. 2 5. 5 4. 0 4.9 4. 8 4.0 3. 2 10. 4 10 North Norlhwe11t 2.1 8.0 4, H 5. I J, 9 4. 9 3.6 9. 0 16.1 •• 4 15. 2 10 Caltn 2. 2 5. 5 2. I 6. 4 7. I 11. I 8. 8 U.9 5. 0 n.6 5. 4 10 7.1 3. n 10. 3 9. 1 8. 5 5. 7 3. 8 11. 2 •. 8 Direction (Mean Spcted, Knoto) 9. 2 5. I 4. 9 10. 5 5. 5 8. 6 5. 9 7. 7 North 13. 8 3,6 5. 3 10. 2 3. 8 North Northeaat 21.9 21. 4 9. 0 9. 7 5.0 Northeaat 7. 2 3. 7 e. n Eaat Northea•t 6, 6 6, I 10.0 Zaat 5.6 Eaat Southeaat 6.1 Southea•t s. 9 So\\ltb Southeast South 7. 3 7. 5 a. o 8. 5 7.6 7. 0 8. 4 6.8 I. 7 7. 0 6.1 6. 7 7. 2 10 South Southwest 8. 3 8. 2 9.4 Q, 5 8.9 7. 4 7. 9 7. 2 8. 2 10 Southwe•t 4.1 4. 8 5. 3 6. 6 s. 8 5. 7 5. 4 •• 9 7. 7 a. 3 7. 7 8. 8 5.1 10 We.t Southweal l. I 3. 5 4.4 5.4 4. 5 4. 9 3, 9 S.8 4.4 10 We a t 2. 7 3,6 5. 5 4. 9 4. 3 4. 7 4•• 3.8 4.3 5. 7 3. 8 3.8 4. 2 10 Weet Northwest 3. D U.1 8. 1 8. 3 5. 2 3. 7 8. 2 5. 2 2. 8 5. 7 10 Norllnreot 4. 5 5. 2 7.0 6.2 5. 5 4. 5 4.n 8.0 10 North Northwest 9.4 6.3 8. 0 10. 9 10.0 8.8 5. 9 5. 4 3, I 5. 3 4. n 2. 9 n. 3 10 8.4 9. 2 10. 2 9.0 1. 7 7. 3 8.1 8.1 7. 4 10 VIS!BIUT\\\" S. 2 7. 7 7. 9 5. 8 5.1 5.0 8. 4 6. 5 4.1 8. 4 3.6 5. 7 4. 7 10 4.0 4.4 4. 9 4. 0 4. 3 4. 2 4.4 5. 3 •• 2 5. 4 5. 3 4.0 10 1.6 4.4 5.0 7. 8 7. 4 7. 0 3. 7 3, 5 7. 2 10 11,6 8.1 5. 0 0.2 8. 7 9. 3 8. a 9.3 9. 2 9. 7 10 ti.5 10. 5 9, I 10.9 10.8 10.4 6.3 5. 7 7. l •• 7 7. 5 7. 4 11. 2 10 8.0 13.3 II. 8 8.6 4.5 4. 3 4. 5 4.9 7.0 10 I. 3 7. 7 11.4 8.0 6. 8 6.0 8.0 7.6 3.3 3. 7 4.8 4. 7 8. 0 10 12. I 8. 7 8. 2 9. 7 a. 5 5, 9 •• 7 7, 7 8.1 5. 8 6.5 5.8 7.1 5. 8 5. 8 7. 5 a.a H.I 10.2 8.4 9.1 10. 3 10.8 11. T 1.5 8.5 8.9 7. I 5. 7 $.8 5. 7 5.4 Daye with \\\"lslblllty Equal to or Leu I I I I2I I 3 4 5 2 2 24 Se tban O.Hmlle

T-9 Weather Elements METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR COASTAL AREA OFF NEW YORK Dec. Annual No. ol Ob- Bound&riea· From 40\"N , and 72°W. north and westward to coast servations Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Windll34 knots (1) 3.4 3. 7 2. 6 1. 3 •0.6 0. 2 0. 2 0.6 l. 8 2. 3 3. 3 !. 6 16253 Wind ll 41 knots (1) 1.0 1. 1 0.4 o. 2 •• 0.1 0.5 0.7 0. 4 16253 Wave b.rudrt ll 12 feet (1) 3.7 o. 7 0. 8 • o. 3 1. 2 2.9 o. 5 1. 7 Wave neignt Ii 20 feet 11) •5. 6 0.4 1. 8 • 0.7 1601 Villibillty c 2 naut. mi. (1) • ..1. 8 8. 9 •• •.. • 3. 5 • 4.0 1.4 o. 1 1601 Visibility c 0. 5 naut. mi. (1) 5. 9 5.7 12. 3 8.1 1. 3 7099 Precipitation (1) 1. 5 3. 8 4. 8 12.2 7. 8 4.4 • 2. 7 10.2 • 6.0 7099 Temperature ll 85°F (1) 12. 2 1.0 2. 3 9.2 5.1 4.0 1. 8 3.3 9190 Tenmerature • 32°F Ill 10.B 12. 7 •• 8. 1 6. 2 3. 2 1. 8 • 3. 0 9.4 7716 Sky overcaat or obacured Ill • 7. 2 4. 7 0.5 9. 7 1. 4 0. 2 7716 Thunder and 1iglltnUla (1) • • 36. B ..1. 3 1.8 1. 0 5. 7 7015 Mean wind speed (knots) 22.7 0.1 •• •• • 9.4 •• 34.7 10.4 32.2 9190 36.1 31, 9 10.4 34. 2 25.5 30. 9 0.4 16253 Prevaillnl wind direction 36.0 35.4 12. 5 1. 1 28.8 * 26.1 14. 5 • o. 5 16253 Mean temperature (•F) • 0.6 1.4 9. 3 1. 5 * 16011 * * w 9.2 o. 2 w 14. 8 12. 2 14690 Mean sea-surface tem11erature (°F) 15. 1 10. 2 9.8 s 27.9 33. 9 7540 Mean relative humidity (\"\"') NW 15•. 3 13. 7 47. 4 s 12.1 50.7 w 7015 Mean cloud cover (eijlhtha) 37.9 NW NW 44.4 SW s 72. 0 0.8 NW 54.2 * 9274 Mean sea-level presllUl'e (21 35. 9 41.1 69.5 72.2 54. 5 9274 Extreme max. sea-level prenure(2) 43.0 40.6 78 55. 5 65. 0 71. 1 10. 9 58.8 73 15. 4 9274 Extreme min. sea-level pressure (2) 77 40.0 76 4.7 80 60. 9 4.7 WNW 55.1 4. 8 74 4.4 1014 52.1 62.2 4.5 79 s 1019 41. 2 77 4. 5 1016 1035 1015 4. 3 74 1041 1018 1041 985 82 84 1031 1016 87.1 3. 9 989 47.8 4.4 1042 1018 983 994 1032 1018 76 1016 1042 4.6 4.2 977 67.9 1040 4.7 1042 978 995 1020 971 1016 1015 75 971 1041 1032 1035 4.0 983 1017 995 992 1037 992 METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR COASTAL AREA OFF GULF OF MAINE Boundaries· From 42°N and 66°W north and westward to coast Weather Elements Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual No. of ob- servations Wind ll 34 knots (1) 7.4 7. 7 4. 3 1. 5 0.6 ..0.2 0.1 0.4 o. 9 2. 3 4.3 7. 3 3. 0 2. 7 0. 7 0.1 1. 6 2. 3 29579 Wind I< U knots (1) 1. 8 9.1 2. 4 o. 4 • • 0.1 0.2 o. 7 4. 2 8.2 o. 8 29579 0.4 0.5 Wave height ll 12 feet (1) 8.0 8. 5 • 1. 0 0.1 o. 2 • 3. 1 * 1. 1 2. 9 7610 Wave height Ii 20 feet (1) 3.1 • 7610 o. 7 23. 7 12. 1 o. 5 • •* 17. 4 • 5.2 7. 1 o. 2 21849 1. 9 11. 9 10.0 2. 0 3. 6 21849 Visibility c 2 naut. mi. (1' 8. 3 • 8. 6 12.1 16. 8 22.7 6. 0 6.1 13. 2 22.1 10. 8 26487 Viaibfiltvc 0•. 5 naut. mi. (1) 3. 2 15. 3 •• 2 8.1 .6.11 7.2 4. 0 6. 3 23161 45. 8 9. 8 10.4 15. 5 7.0 ** 23161 44.3 • u. 7 • • 12. 3 21780 Precipitation 11) 21. 7 * • 8.0 4. 7 • 1. 7 26.7 26487 0.1 22. 3 •• 30. B * 40.8 47.0 • 29579 Temperature ll 85°F (1) * 18. 3 35.0 2. 9 * * 0.1 29579 Temoerature • 32°F (1) NW 34. 5 * o.s 28. 9 28. 8 *• 10. 7 29546 40. 9 32.7 • 34. l 0. 3 36. 2 26452 37.9 0.1 0.1 10.9 12.0 0. I 16. 8 18. 3 20134 Sky Offrcaat or ooacured (1) 49.6 16.9 13. 5 31. 1 31.l SW 14.1 o. 2 21780 79 WNW 12.0 SW NW w 27274 Thunder and lightning (1) * 5.8 36.4 w SW 0.4 0.5 62.0 58.8 SW 14. 2 27274 Mean wind speed (knots) 1013 37.6 58.6 57.1 53. 1 45. 7 37.9 SW 27274 18. 8 1042 41. 5 47. 3 11.4 9.9 53.4 48. 6 44. 1 1170 78 39. 5 44. 0 88 84 47.7 Prevailing wind direction NW 4. 7 SSW SW 4.4 4.0 81 '18 lJO 47.8 1013 BO 85 1015 1018 4.2 5. 3 5. 9 Mean temperature (•F) 34. l 1().40 4. 5 4. 7 54.8 81. 2 1037 1041 1017 82 977 1015 1015 992 988 1039 1016 1016 4. 9 Mean sea-surface temperature (\"F) 40.4 1042 1038 50.1 56.7 973 1041 1045 1015 980 9&0 1052 Mean relatlve humidity '\"' 79 86 88 1180 971 970 Mean cloud COffr (eichths) 8. 0 4.6 4. 7 Mean sea-level oreasure (2) 1014 1014 1015 Extreme max. sea-level preaaure(2) 1052 1033 1030 Extreme min. --level prea1111l'e(2) 976 9114 9114 Weather Elements METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR COASTAL AREA OFF NANTUCKET Dec. No. of ob- Boundariea: Between 40\"N•• and 42\"N and 69\"W•. and 72\"W Annual servations Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Wind ll 34 knot• (1) 4.9 5. 9 4.5 1. 9 o. 6 0.2 0.1 o. 3 1. 3 2, 5 3. 5 5.0 2.4 43058 1. 2 1. 2 0.6 o. 2 0.1 o.8 43058 Wind jl41 knots (1) 13.4 7.4 1.3 0.4 * 0.1 0.5 o. 5 7. 8 1.8 o. 7 1. 9 1. 0 4.5 •2. 2 •1. 6 3. 7 6.0 6149 Wave heillht &12 feet (1) 4.6 4. 7 0.6 * • •0.2 0.4 0.4 1. 1 o. 7 0.4 3. 8 6149 1. 4 1. 9 10.4 15. 4 6. 3 0.3 4.0 0.4 27287 Wave helCbt ll 30 teet (1) 12. IJ 12.1 5. 2 11. 6 17. 7 16.1 9. 9 4.0 3. 3 1. 5 27287 Visibility c 2 naut. mi. (1) 6. 6 12.8 11.0 6.1 'I. 2 3.5 12.7 8.5 32071 122*. 9 • 3. 0 6.7 0.1 2.1 1. 6 Visibility co. 5 naut. mi. (1) lll. ll 9.8 4.8 5.5 6.4 7.0 9. 3 • s. 4 28281 ,..... 3 25.4 •* • 28281 Precipltation UJ • • 0.1 0.4 0.2 •• • 11. 3 8.~ 26977 0.1 39.1 37. 3 29.9 42. 9 32071 aTemperature 85°F(l) 16, 9 8.0 0.3 * •• 0.4 26.9 0. 1 0.1 0.1 43058 * H.2 o. 3 0.4 37.4 17. 1 5. 0 43058 Tem!)erature • 32°F U) IW.NW 41. l 31.1 35.1 IZ9.0 11.6 13.7 42824 ~ Oftrcallt or ooacureo 11 J 38.5 17.0 0.1 10. 8 0.6 1. 2 1. 0 SW w 0.4 NW 35. 8 39367 Ttlunder and~ (1) 44,5 15. 7 o. 2 10. 1 9.4 10.3 58.3 15. 5 42.6 0.4 25252 Mean wind 8Med (knots) .NW ISW SW SW 65.1 119.0 13. 2 26977 80 w 13. 3 ISW 65.4 59. 9 w Prevailing wuau direction 5.5 37.3 52. 2 68.2 69.5 78 77 w Mean temperature (\"F) 41.6 40. 3 w 48. 9 61.1 65.5 68.7 82 51. 0 5.6 Mean -......race tem-.-ature (\"F) 41. 1 57. 9 4. 3 4.2 54.4 53. 2 Mean relative humidity ,,., 7!1 45. 7 83 86 84 53. 9 5. 2 79 43. 5 4.7 85 4. 7 4.4 79 Mean cloud C09er (eichths) 4.6 4.4 5. 1 81 82 4. 8 4. 8 Mean --level ureHure (2) 1015 1015 1014 1015 1015 1015 1016 1016 1018 1017 1016 1017 1016 32762 1042 1040 1040 1035 1036 1035 1037 1037 1040 1041 1043 1043 32762 Extreme maz. --level pre•._,., 1042 32762 978 967 977 977 995 996 968 973 978 974 983 967 E~ min. --level preenre (2l 978 (1) Percentace f~y. (2) JWlltlara. •0.0-0.11,;. TheH data are bued upon observation• made by ships in pa&B&lfe. Such ebips tend to avoid bad weather when poHible, thus biasing the data toward lood weather samples.