United States Coast Pilot 2 Atlantic Coast - Cape Cod, MA to Sandy Hook, NJ 1982

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 43 trances to said channels so as to obstruct the ap- sive of the above designated Anchorage No. 21-A proaches or interfere in anyway with the free area. navigation thereof. (i) No vessel with a draft 3.048m (10 feet) or less (5) Anchorage No. 21. (Bay Ridge Anchorage). may anchor in Anchorage No. 21-B. An area located at the junction of Bay Ridge and 5 (ii) Any vessel anchored in or intending to an- Anchorage Channels, beginning at a point of lati- chor in Anchorage 21-B must comply with the tude 40°38'03\"N., longitude 74°02'49.s\"W.; thence regulations for Anchorage No. 21-A (§110.155 to latitude 40°38'03\"N., longitude 74°03'0Z-W.; (d)(5-AXi)-(x)). thence to latitude 40°38'57\"N., longitude (5-C) Anchorage No. 21-C. That portion of An- 74003'10\"W.; thence to latitude 40°40'22.5\"N., Ion- 10 chorage No. 21 south of a line drawn from latitude gitude 74°02'14.5\"W.; thence to latitude 40°39'14.3\"N., longitude 74°02'59\"W. to latitude 40°40'19.5\"N., longitude 74°01'28\"W.; thence to 40°38'43.9\"N., longitude 74°02'30.5\"W. latitude 40°39'49\"N., longitude 74°01'23\"W.; thence (i) No vessel with a draft of 10.058m (33 feet) or to latitude 40°38'42\"N., longitude 74°02'32.5\"W.; less may anchor in Anchorage No. 21-C. thence to the point of beginning. Anchorage No. 15 (ii) Any vessel anchored in or intending to an- 21 is divided into Anchorage No. 21-A, Anchor- chor in Anchorage 21-C must comply. with the age No. 21-B, and Anchorage No. 21-C. regulations for Anchorage No. 21-A '(§110.155 (5-A) Anchorage No. 21-A. That portion on An- (d)(5-A)(i)-(x)). chorage No. 21, north of a line of latitude (6) Anchorage No. 23 (Stapleton Anchorage). An 40°39'09\"N., and east of a line connecting a point 20 area located west of the Anchorage Channel begin- at latitude 40°39'09\"N., longitude 74°02'22\"W., and ning at a point of latitude 40°38'36.5\"N., longitude latitude 40°40'20\"N., longitude 74°01'35\"W. Any 74°04'13.3\"W.; thence to latitude 40°38'37\"N., lon- vessel anchored in or intending to anchor in An- gitude 74°03'49\"W.; thence to latitude 40°38'22\"N., chorage 21-A shall comply with the following longitude 74°03'36\"W.; thence to latitude requirements. .25 40°37'26.8\"N., longitude 74°03'18\"W.; thence to (i) No vessel may anchor unless it notifies the latitude 40°37'23.2\"N., longitude 74°03'59\"W.; Captain of the Port when it anchors, of the vessel's thence to latitude 40°37'30.7\"N., longitude name, length, and draft and its position in the an- 74°04'04.5\"W.; thence to the point of beginning. chorage. Anchorage No. 23 is divided into Anchorage No. (ii) Each vessel anchored shall notify the Cap- 30 23-A and Anchorage No. 23-B. tain of the Port when it weighs anchor. (6-A) Anchorage No. 23-A. That portion of An- (iii) No vessel may conduct lightering operations chorage No. 23, north of a line bearing 090°T from unless it notifies the Captain of the Port before it the northernmost comer of Pier 12, Staten Island begins its lightering operations. at latitude 40°37'49.5\"N., longitude 74°04'10.4\"W. (iv) Each vessel lightering shall notify the Cap- 35 (i) No vessel may anchor in Anchorage No. 23- tain of the Port when it ends its lightering A for a period longer than 48 hours without per- (v) No vessel may anchor unless it maintains a mission from the Captain of the Port. bridge watch, guards and answers channel 16 FM, (ii) No vessel with a length overall of more than and maintains an accurate position plot. 670 feet may anchor in Anchorage No. 23-A un- (vi) If any vessel is so close to another that a 40 less otherwise authorized by the Captain of the collision is probable, each vessel shall communicate Port. (iii) No vessel with a draft of 40 fe~t or over with the other vessel and the Captain of the Port on channel 16 FM, and shall act to eliminate the may anchor in Anchorage No. 23-A without per- close proximity situation. mission from the Captain of the Port unless it an- (vii) No vessel may anchor unless it maintains 45 chors within 5 hours after ebb current begins at the the capability to get under way within 30 minutes, Narrows. Daily predicted times of ebb cu~rent are without permission from the Captain of the Port. found in the Department of Commerce Tidal ~ur- (viii) No vessel may anchor in a \"dead ship\" rent Tables, Atlantic Coast of North A.menca, status (propulsion or control unavailable for normal utilizing the Narrows as the. refer~nce s~t10n. control) without permission from the Captain of 50 (iv) Any vessel anchored m or mtendmg. to an- the Port. chor in Anchorage 23-A shall comply with the (ix) Each vessel in a \"dead ship\" status while regulations for Anchorage No. 21-A (§110.155 lightering shall engage a tug alongside during tide 55 (actdhth)e((o(i6~)5ra-na-tB?gNAir)tet)ou(hdANieev)nm-oe(lc.4sxlhs02)!eo)3olr.3,sa7m~gse4oac9uyoN.t5rhao;ni.Noec2rf.h,3aoo-lrf~ho.!nmP1~igT~Aibrhtnueacda1tehn2.o,np7rgoS4ar~t0~ti0.9oee40,nnN.1To0oI.fs4.flrA;2ouWn3mtd--. changes. The tug alongside may assume the chan- ne! 16 FM radio guard for the vessel after it noti- fies the Captain of the Port. (x) No vessel over 800 feet in length overall or 40 feet in draft may anchor unless it notifies the Captain of the Port at least 48 hours before it B for a period longer t~an 48 hours without per- arrives in New York Harbor. 60 lmesi(ssisi)imon~Nyofrovamenscshetohl erw.~mCthapAatanliecnnhgootrfhagtoheveeNrPae;ol>l.rto.2f36-B70, (5-B) Anchorage No. 21-B. That portion of An- feet or chorage No. 21 north of a line drawn from latitude unless 40°39'14.3.N. longitude 74°02'59\"W. to latitude otherwise authorized by the Captam of the Port. 40°38'43.9.N.'. longitude 74°02'30.5\"W. and exclu- (iii) No vessel with a draft of 40 feet or over 362-885 0 - 82 - 4 : QL 3

44 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS may anchor in Anchorage No. 23-B without per- NOTE: Anchorages Nos. 49-F and 49-G in this mission from the Captain of the Port unless it an- area are reserved for vessels carrying explosives chors within 5 houni after ebb current begins at the (see paragraph (m) (4) and (5) of this section) and Narrows. Daily predicted times of ebb current are are excluded from use as general anchorages. found in the Department of Commerce Tidal Cur- 5 (i) Pleasure or commercial craft may not rent Tables, Atlantic Coast of North America, navigate or moor within 750 yards of the Naval utilizing the Narrows as the reference station. Ammunition Depot Pier at Leonardo, New Jersey, (iv) Any vessel anchored in or intending to an- nor anchor in the approach channel or the turning chor in Anchorage 23-B shall comply with the basin adjacent thereto. regulations for Anchorage No. 21-A (§110.155 10 (ii) When immediate action is required and rep- (d)(5-A)(i)-(x)). resentatives of the Coast Guard are not present in (7) Anchorage No. 24 (Stapleton Anchorage sufficient force to exercise effective control of ship- South). An area located west of the Anchorage ping, the Commanding Officer of the Naval Am- Channel beginning at a point of latitude munition Depot at Earle, New Jersey, may control 40°37'23.rN., longitude 74°03'59\"W.; thence to 15 the anchorage or movement of any vessel, foreign latitude 40°37'26.S\"N., longitude 74°03'18\"W.; or domestic, to the extent he deems necessary to thence to latitude 40°36'25\"N., longitude insure the safety and security of his command. 74°02'58\"W. thence to a point on the Staten Island (2) Anchorage No. 27-(i) Atlantic Ocean. Begin- shoreline at latitude 40°36'20\"N., longitude ning at Sandy Hook Light 15 to latitude 40°28'52\", 74°03'14\"W.;· thence to the point of beginning. 20 longitude 74°00'03\"; thence to latitude 40°28'41 \", (i) No vessel may anchor in Anchorage No. 24 longitude 73°58'54\"; thence to latitude 40°25'58\\ for a period longer than 48 hours without permis- longitude 73°55'00\"; thence 180° to latitude sion from the Captain of the Port. 40°23'46\", thence 270° toward Highland Light and (ii) No vessel with a length overall of less than Sandy Hook shore; thence following the easterly 800 feet (243.840 meters) or with a draft of less 25 shoreline of Sandy Hook to the point of beginning. than 40 feet (12.192 meters) may anchor in An- (ii) Romer Shoal. Beginning at latitude 40°27'30\", chorage No. 24. longitude 73°55'00\"; thence due north to latitude (iii) No vessel with a draft of 40 feet or over 40°29'05\"; thence to latitude 40°31'25\", longitude may anchor in Anchorage No. 24 without permis- 74°00'55\"; thence to latitude 40°32'11\", longitude sion from the Captain of the Port unless it anchors 30 74°01'41\"; thence to latitude 40°32'12\", longitude within 5 hours after ebb current begins at the Nar- 74°02'07\"; thence 180° to latitude 40°31'27\"; thence rows. Daily predicted times of ebb current are to latitude 40°30'13\", longitude 74°00'07\"; thence to found in the Department of Commerce Tidal Cur- the point of beginning. rent Tables, Atlantic Coast of North America, (iii) Flynns Knoll. Beginning at Sandy Hook utilizing the Narrows as the reference station. 35 Channel Lighted Bell Buoy 18; thence along the (iv) Any vessel anchored in or intending to an- north side of Sandy Hook Channel to Sandy Hook chor in Anchorage No. 24 shall comply with the Channel Lighted Buoy; thence along the southwest regulations for Anchorage No. 21-A (§110.155 side of Swash Channel to Junction Buoy; thence (d)(5-A)(i)-(x)). along the east side of Chapel Hill Channel to (e) Anchorage No. 25 (Gravesend Bay). An area 40 Chapel Hill Channel Buoy 2; and thence to the located east of Ambrose Channel beginning at a point of beginning. point on the Coney Island shoreline at latitude (3) Anchorage No. 28. West of lines bearing 40°34'36\"N., longitude 74°00'47\"W.; thence to lati- 154°30'from Fort Wadsworth Light to Craven tude 40°34'53\"N., longitude 74°01'56.5\"W.; thence Shoal Lighted Bell Buoy 19A, thence in succession to latitude 40\"35'24\"N., longitude 74°02'05\"W.; 45 to the buoys marking the east side of West Bank thence to latitude 40°35'58\"N., longitude and the buoys on the west side of Chapel Hill 74°02'18.S\"W.; thence to a point on the Brooklyn Channel to Southwest Spit Junction Lighted Gong shoreline at latitude 40°36'12.9\"N., longitude Buoy, thence 182° to a line extending from Sandy 74°01'24.2\"W.; thence following the shoreline to Hook Point Light to Point Comfort; north of the latitude 40°36'06.s•N., longitude 74°00'54.5\"W.; so latter line and the New Jersey shore; and east of a thence to latitude 40°34'53.S\"N., longitude line bearing 353° from the head of the Keansburg 74°00'23.5\"W.; thence following the shoreline to Steamboat Pier at Point Comfort, through Great the point of beginning. Kills Flat Buoy 4, to the Staten Island shore· ex- (i) When the use of Anchorage No. 25 is re- eluding from this area, however, (i) the w~ters quired by naval vessels, the vessels anchored there- 55 west of a line ranging from the stack on Hoffman in shall move when the Captain of the Port directs Island 344° through the northeast comer of the T- them. shaped pier at South Beach; northwest of a line (ii) Any vessel anchored in or intending to an- ranging from Great Kills Light 39• and tangent to chor ~ Anchorage No. 25 must comply with the the offshore face of the T -shaped pier at Midland regulations for Anchorage No. 21-A (§110.155 60 Beach; and northeast of a line ranging from the (d)(5-A)(i)-(x)). stack on Swinburne Island 301° to the shore end of (f) Lower Bay-(1) Ant;horaae No: 26. In San~y the north jetty at New Creek; and (ii) the waters Hook Bay south of a line extending from Pomt west of a line ranging from Conover Light at Comfort to Sandy Hook Point Light. Leonardo, New Jersey, 340° through Old Orchard

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 45 Shoal Light; northwest of a line bearing 230° from the head of the Tottenville Shipyard Company pier the stack on Hoffman Island; and northeast of a at Tottenv1lle, Staten Island, to the first pier of the line ranging from Great Kills Light 332° through Outerbridge Crossing west from the Staten Island Marine Park Light at Crooks Point. shore, thence to Arthur Kill Light 10, thence to NOTE: A special anchorage area in this anchor- 5 Arthur Kill Light 14, and thence to Arthur Kill age is described in §110.60 (r-1). Lighted Buoy 16; and south of a line from thence (g) [Reserved] to Smoking Point. (h) Newark Bay-(1) Anchorage No. 34. South of (j) Raritan Bay-(1) Anchorage No. 44. An area in the bridge of the Central Railroad Company of Raritan Bay located at the junction of Arthur Kill New Jersey; west of lines from a point on the 10 and Raritan River, beginning at a point at latitude bridge 100 yards west of the west pier of the west 40°30'07\", longitude 74°15'13\"; thence to latitude lift span to Newark Bay Channel Buoy 5, thence to 40°30'01\", longitude 74°15'30\"; thence to latitude the east end of the dike north of Shooters Island; 40°29'27\", longitude 74°15'06\"; thence to latitude north of the dike and a line ranging from the west 40°29'24\", longitude 74°15'01\"; thence to latitude end o~ the dike through Kill Van Kull Light 18 15 40°29'15\", longitude 74°14'55\"; thence to latitude and Kill Van Kull Buoy 20; and east of a line 250 40°29'14\", longitude 74°15'25\"; thence to latitude ~eet east of and parallel to the Singer Manufactur- 40°29'48\", longitude 74°15'48\"; and thence to the mg Company bulkhead. point of beginning. NqTE: A portio!1 of this general anchorage is (i) The anchorage is restricted to deepdraft ves- descnbed as a special anchorage m §l 10.60(r). 20 sels except that barges may moor in that portion of (2) [Reserved] the anchorage southerly of latitude 40°29'22\". (3) Anchorage No. 36. South of Port Newark (ii) No vessel shall occupy the deepdraft portion Te.rminal Channel; west of a line ranging from a of the anchorage for a longer period than 48 hours pomt 200 yards west of Newark Bay Light 3 to a without a permit from the Captain of the Port. point 100 yards west of the west pier of the west 25 (2) Anchorage No. 45. West of the Raritan Bay lift span of the Central Railroad of New Jersey Channel leading into Arthur Kill; north of the Bridge; and north of said bridge. Raritan River Channel leading into Raritan River; (4) Anchorage No. 37. North of the Central Rail- and east of the Cutoff Channel between Raritan road of New Jersey bridge; east of a line ranging River and Arthur Kill, except that part of the said from a point 200 yards east of the east pier of the 30 area occupied by Anchorage No. 44. east lift span of the bridge to a point 200 yards east (3) Anchorage No. 45-A. West of the Cutoff of the east end of the lift span of the Pennsylvania- Channel between Raritan River and Arthur Kill; Lehigh Valley Railroad bridge; and south of the north of the Raritan River Channel; east of the latter bridge. New York and Long Branch Railroad bridge; and NOTE: A portion of this general anchorage is 35 north of the Raritan River Channel to the prolon- described as a special anchorage in §l 10.60(q). gation of Market Street, Perth Amboy, New Jer- (5) Anchorage No. 38. North of the Pennsylva- sey, in Arthur Kill. nia-Lehigh Valley Railroad bridge; east of lines (4) Anchorage No. 46. West of the west limit of ranging through a point 200 yards east of the east Anchorage No. 28, as defined by a line bearing end of the lift span of the said bridge and the red 40 353° from the head of the Keansburg St~amboat channel buoys marking the dredged channel in Pier at Point Comfort, through Great Kills i_:<lat Newark Bay and Hackensack River; and south of Buoy 4 to the Staten Island shore; north of Rantan th~ Central Railroad Company of New Jersey Bay Channel as defi.ned by the buoys ~d lig?ts bndge. marking the north side of the channel, mcludmg (6) Anchorage No. 39. Between the entrance 45 Princess Bay; northeast of Raritan Bay Channel channels of the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers, leading into Arthur Kill; and south of a line tx:ar- northwest of lines from the abutment of the Cen- ing 243° from the gable of a house at Ward Pomt, t~al Railroad of New Jersey bridge on the west Staten Island. .. side of the Hackensack River to Hackensack River (5) Anchorage No. 47. South of the Rantan River Light 1, and thence to Newark Bay Light 5, and 50 Channel from opposite t?e Sui:t Oil Company pier east of a line from said light ranging toward the at South Amboy to Rantan River Buoy 3; thence southeast comer of the Texas Company wchoranr~franodf south of a line in the d4i0r~e2c8t'io4n8.5 o\",f Bloonugnidta~drye of a line ranging from the southeast Daybeacon to latitude Gross Wharf to the abutment and end of fill of the 74°14'31.6\"; thence south of Imes through Rantan c;entral Railroad of New Jersey bridge on the east 55 Bay Light 7B, Raritan J:Jay Light. 3A, and the buoys marking the south side of Ra~it~ Bay Chan- side of the Passaic River. (i) Arthur Kill-(1) Anchorage No. 41. The pas- nel Off Seguine Point to the ~est lu~1t of A?chor- sage between Pralls Island and Staten Island in- age No. 28 as defined by a lme beanng. 353 from eluded between a line running 29° from the ex- the head of the Keansburg Steamboat Pier through treme northwest point of Pralls Island to a point on 60 Great Kills Flat Buoy 4 .to the Staten Island shore; Staten Island and a line from the southern point of and west of the latter hne. . Pralls Island to the north side of the mouth of (i) Vessels shall not anchor. m the c?annel to Neck Creek at Travis, Staten Island. Keyport Harbor west of Imes rangmg from (2) Anchorage No. 42. East of lines ranging from Keyport Channel Buoy l to Keyport Channel

46 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS Buoy 9, thence through Keyport Channel Buoys I 1 (i) A mooring permit is issued to an individual, and 13 to the northeast comer of the easterly for his exclusive use, of a specific moorihg, of a steamboat wharf; and east of a line extending from specific .type, at a specific location, for a specific a point 400 yards west of Keyport Channel Buoy 1 vessel. tangent to the west shore at the mouth of Matawan 5 (ii) Mooring permits shall expire on April 30 of Creek. the year after issuance. Note: Anchorage No. 49-D in this area is re- (iii) Mooring permits are not transferable. served for vessels carrying explosives (see para- (iv) Moorings are shown on the large scale chart graph (m) (3) of this section) and is excluded from which may be seen at the office of the Captain of use as a general anchorage. 10 the Port-New York. (k) [Reserved] (v) Mooring anchor, chain, and pendant: (Note: (1) General regulations. (1) Except in cases of Contact Captain of the Port for anchor type and great emergency, no vessel shall be anchored in the weight, minimum chain size requirement, and navigable waters of the Port of New York outside placement of anchor.) These requirements may be of the anchorage areas established in this section, 15 waived or modified by the Captain of the Port nor cast anchor within a cable or pipe line area upon written request from the applicant for such shown on a Government chart, nor be moored, waiver or modification. anchored, or tied up to any pier, wharf, or vessel (vi) The mooring buoy shall be white in color in such manner as to obstruct or endanger the with the Captain of the Port mooring permit num- passage of any vessel in transit by, or to or from, 20 ber, in black letters, clearly visible at all times. The adjacent wharves, piers, or slips. buoy is to extend not less than I foot above the (2) No vessel shall occupy for a longer period surface of the water at all times, exclusive of flag- than 30 days, unless a permit is obtained from the staffs, rings, quick pickup devices, etc. Captain of the Port for that purpose, any anchor- (vii) All required equipment shall be provided age for which the time of occupancy is not other- 25 by, installed by, and remain the property of the wise prescribed in this section. No vessel in a con- permit holder. dition such that it is likely to sink or otherwise (viii) Mooring equipment should be raised at become a menace or obstruction to navigation or least every 2 years, inspected for deterioration and anchorage of other vessels shall occupy an anchor- replaced if necessary. age except in an emergency, and then only for such 30 (ix) Each person holding a mooring permit shall period as may be permitted by the Captain of the make what the Captain of the Port-New York Port. considers reasonable use of the mooring. Nonuse of (3) Whenever, in the opinion of the Captain of a mooring up to 30 days during the boating season the Port, such action may be necessary, that officer is deemed reasonable. may require any or all vessels in any designated 35 (x) Moorings for which permits have expired anchorage area to moor with two or more anchors. without renewal or have been revoked by the Cap- (4) Every vessel whose crew may be reduced to tain of the Port-New York shall be removed by such number that it will not have sufficient men on the owner within 10 days of such expiration or board to weigh anchor at any time shall be an- revocation. chored with two anchors, with mooring swivel put 40 (xi) Granting of a Captain of the Port-New on before the crew shall be reduced or released, York mooring permit does not give a right of ac- unless the Captain of the Port shall waive the cess across private property. Arrangements for ac- requirement of a mooring swivel. cess shall be made by the permit holder. (5) Anchors of all vessels must be placed well (xii) Each person to whom a Captain of the within the anchorage areas, so that no portion of 45 Port-New York mooring permit is issued agrees to the hull or rigging shall at any time extend outside hold harmless the United States, its officers, agents, the boundaries of the anchorage area. and employees, for any death, personal injury, or (6) Any vessel anchoring under circumstances of damage which may result from the use of the per- great emergency outside of the anchorage areas mit or the rights granted under the permit. must be placed near the edge of the channel and in so (xiii) No .vessel shall continuously occupy a sue~ Jl?Sition as not to interfere with the free mooring when a vessel in regular traffic requires navigation of the channel nor obstruct the ap- the berth or when navigation would be menaced or proach to any pier nor impede the movement of inconvenienced thereby. any boat, and shall move away immediately after (xiv) No vessel shall moor in any anchorage in the e~ergency ceases, or upon notification by the ss such a.manner as to interfere with the use of a duly Captain of the ~ort. authonzed mooring buoy. Nor shall any vessel (7) Th~ Captam of t.he Port .may grant a revoca- moored to a buoy authorized by a Captain of the ble.perm1t fo~ the hab1!ual maintenance and use <?f Port:-New York permit be moored such that any a given moonng space m an anchorage area. Apph- portion of that vessel comes within 50 feet of a cation information for a mooring permit is available 60 marked or dredged channel. from: . . .. . (xv) No vessel shall be navigated within the lim- <;a~tam of the Port, Moonng Pernnt Section, its of .an anc~orage at speed exceeding 6 knots Buildmg 109, Governors Island, New York, N.Y. when m the vicinity of a moored vessel. 10004. (xvi) In an emergency the Captain of the Port

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 47 may shift the position of any unattended vessel bearing 208°, 1,350 yards, from a point bearing moored in or near any anchorage. 292°30', 3,!>00 yards, from Sandy Hook Light; (8) Barge dispensing stations and stake boats thence 298 , 620 yards; thence 002°, 1,250 yards; may be anchored in such places as the Captain of thence 107°, 1, 150 yards, to the point of beginning. the Port may designate. 5 (i) No pleasure or commercial craft shall (9) Upon approval of the District Engineer, navigate or moor within this area at any time when Corps of Engineers, the Captain of the Port may vessels which are moored in the area display a red permit wrecking plant or other vessels legally en- flag by day or red light by night. gaged in recovering sunken property, or in laying (n) Regulations for explosive anchorages. or repairing pipe lines or cables legally established, JO (1) Anchorages Nos. 49-C, 49-F, and 49-G are or plant engaged in dredging operations, to anchor reserved for vessels carrying explosives. All vessels within channels of the Port of New York. Permit carrying explosives shall be within these areas issued by the Captain of the Port is not necessary when anchored, except as provided in paragraph for plant engaged upon works of river and harbor (n)(6) of this section. improvement under the supervision of the District 15 (2) A written permit shall be obtained from the Engineer, but the District Engineer will notify the Captain of the Port before vessels carrying explo- Captain of the Port in advance of all such pro- sives, or on which explosives are to be loaded, may posed work. proceed to the anchorages provided for them; and (10) Whenever the maritime or commercial in- no vessel shall occupy a berth in such anchorage terests of the United States so require, the Captain 20 except by authority of such permit, which permit of the Port is hereby empowered to shift the posi- may be revoked at any time. tion of any vessel anchored within the anchorage (3) Vessels used in connection with loading or areas, of any vessel anchored outside the anchorage unloading explosives on vessels in anchorage areas, areas, of any vessel which is so moored or an- including tugs and stevedore boats, shall carry a chored as to impede or obstruct vessel movements 25 written permit from the Captain of the Port. The in any channel or obstruct or interfere with range Captain of the Port may, in his discretion, require lights and of any vessel which, lying at the exterior every person having business on board vessels end of a pier or alongside an open bulkhead, ob- which are being loaded with explosives, other than structs or endangers the passage of vessels in trans- members of the crew, to have a pass from the it by, or to or from, adjacent wharf property or 30 Captain of the Port in such form as he shall pre- impedes the movements of vessels entering or leav- scribe. Such permit or pass shall be shown whenev- ing adjacent slips. er required by him or by his authorized agents. (11) A vessel upon being notified to move into (4) Whenever any vessel not fitted with mechan- the anchorage limits or to shift its position on an- ical power anchors in the explosives anchorages chorage grounds, shall get under way at once or 35 while carrying explosives, the Captain of the Port signal for a tug, and shall change position as direct- may require the attendance of a tug upon such ed, with reasonable promptness. vessel when in his judgment such action is neces- (12) Nothing in this section shall be construed as sary. relieving any vessel or the owner or person in (5) Vessels carrying explosives shall comply charge of any vessel from the penalties of law for 40 with the general regulations in paragraph (1) of this obstructing navigation or for obstructing or inter- section when applicabl~. . (6) The District En~meer, Corps of ~ngmeers, fering with range lights, or for not complying with the navigation laws in regard to lights, fog signals, may authorize, in writmg, a vessel carrymg explo- sives for use on river and ~ax:bor works or on _ot~er or for otherwise violating law. (13) Any vessel prohibited by these rules from 45 work under federal _permit issued b_y. t~e D1stnct anchoring in a specific anchorage because of the Enginee~ to anchor m _or near the v1cm1ty of such vessel's length or draft may anchor in the anchor- work without a _penmt ~rom th~ Captain. of the age with permission from the Captain of the Port. Port. The Distnct Engineer will prescnbe the (m) Anchorages for vessels carrying explosives-(1) quantities of such explosives allowed on such ves- (Reserved) 50 sel and the conditions under which they are to be (2) Anchorage No. 49-F (emergency naval anchor- stored and handled, an1 will furnish the_ Captai~ of age). That portion of Sandy Hook Bay bounded by the Port \"\".ith a copy of ~uch .safety mstr!-1-ctmns a line bearing 170°, 3,800 yards, from a point bear- together with a copy of. his wntten. authonzatton. (7) Every vessel load~ng, unlo~mg, transport- ing 281°30', 2,050 yards from Sandy Hook Light; thence 260°, 500 yards; thence 350°, 3,800 yards; 55 ing, or containing explosives shall di~play by day_ a thence 080°' 500 yards, to the point of beginning. red flag at least 16 square feet d~t1hS0e~lauarypepabeyram~t egeihtkst (i) This anchorage is to be used for the anchor- imf athstehevad~, lor~aast lneoasmt a1s0t,feaentd.a~bhoalvle age:. of naval vessels during emergencies only. a red hght m the same position specified for the (u) No pleasure or commercial craft shall navigate or moor within this area at any time when 60 flag. . . naval vessels which are moored in the area display (8) When local regulations of any place reqwre a red flag by day or a red light by night. previous local authority for the transfer of explo- (3) Anchoraae No. 49-G (naval anchorage). That sives or fireworks between vessels or between a portion of Sandy Hook Bay bounded by a line vessel and a wharf or other place ashore, the Cap-

48 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS tain of the Port will permit the removal from the of the opinion that, in the absence of Federa,l regu- anchorage of such vessel containing explosives to lations, there is no Federal authority requiring the any place covered by such local regulations only opening of any drawbridge to which the General when he is satisfied that the required local authori- Bridge Act of March 23, 1906, does not apply. ty has been granted. 5 With reference to the civil liability of the bridge Note: The anchorage in this section are regu- owner, however, it has been held that the duty to lated under Title I, Ports and Waterways Safety take proper care of a bridge includes the duty to Act of 1972 as stated in §110. la(a) of this Part. The make proper provision for the passage of vessels penalties for violating regulations under this Act through the draw. In constructing a bridge with a are stated in §110.la (b) of this Part. 10 draw, and in undertaking to open and manage the §110.156 Randall Bay, Freeport, Long Island, draw so as to allow vessels to pass, the owner has N.Y. (a) The anchorage grounds. Southward of a recognized the right of vessels to pass through line 312 feet south of and parallel to the south side without any appeal to the national authority to of Casino Street; eastward of a line 215 feet east of protect that right. Having thus recognized the and parallel to the east side of West Side Avenue, 15 rights of commerce, and undertaken to provide ac- said line extending southerly to a point 233 feet commodations for the passage of vessels, the owner north of the prolonged north side of Clinton Street; is bound that the custodians of the bridge shall use northeastward of a line from the last-mentioned ordinary diligence to avoid accidents to vessels point to a point 243 feet southerly of the prolonged going through the draw at customary hours, and in south side of Clinton Street and 210 feet east of the 20 the customary manner, as one of the incidents of east side of Prospect Street; eastward of a line 210 the care, management, and control of the bridge feet east of and parallel to the east side of Prospect itself. The owner is responsible, therefor, for the Street; northward of a line 25 feet north of and want of ordinary care and diligence in his servants, parallel to the prolonged north side of Suffolk .and for the consequent damage. Street; westward of a line 210 feet west of and 25 (b) The Attorney General has held (Jan. 28, parallel to the west side of South Long Beach 1899; 22 Opin. 314) that the first part of section 5 Avenue, said line extending northerly to a point of the 1894 act is merely declaratory of the legal 222 feet south of the prolonged south side of duty of the owners or operators which attaches to Queens Street; southwestward of a line from the the maintenance and operation of a drawbridge last-mentioned point to a point 74 feet northerly of 30 across navigable waters. \"It is the duty of all per- the prolonged north side of Queens Street and 120 sons operating such drawbridges to open or cause feet west of the west side of Roosevelt Avenue; them to be opened in a reasonable manner and at a and westward of a line 120 feet west of and paral- reasonable time, consistent with the uses for which lei to the west side of Roosevelt Avenue. drawbridges are constructed, for the passage of (b) The regulations. (1) When applied for, a 35 vessels. The repair of such draws and of the berth in this anchorage, if available, may be as- bridges with which they are connected is also nec- signed to any vessel by the Captain of the Port of essary for their maintenance. It is reasonable that a New York. sufficient time should be allowed for such repairs (2) The Captain of the Port is authorized to issue and if they cannot be prosecuted without closing permits for maintaining mooring buoys within the 40 the bridge for a number of successive days, such anchorage. The method of anchoring these buoys closing cannot be considered an unreasonable inter- shall be as prescribed by the Captain of the Port. ference with navigation.\" \"It is entirely competent (3) No vessel shall anchor in the anchorage in for the Secretary of the Army to make rules and such manner as to interfere with the use of a duly regulations governing this subject, but in the ab- authorized mooring buoy. 45 sence of such rules and regulations the law is as I (4) No vessel shall be navigated within the an- have above stated it.\" (The Commandant pre- chorage at a speed exceeding six knots. scribes these rules and regulations.) (5) In case of emergencies, the Captain of the (c) Notwithstanding any general or special regu- Port is authorized to shift the position of any unat- lation heretofore or hereafter prescribed, draw- tended vessel moored in or near the anchorage. 50 bridges across navigable waters of the United Part 117-Drawbridge Operation Regulations States will not be opened to navigation for certain periods determined by the proper civil defense §117.1 General. (a) The operation of draw- authorities to be in the interest of public safety br!dges, in the absence of specific r~gulations in during a major. disaster or civil defense emergency this part, shall be as reqwred by sectmn 5 of the 55 indicated by a civil defense condition of \"Air Raid act of August 18, 1894, as amended (28 Stat. 362; Warning\" (attack by enemy aircraft probable, im- 33 U.S.C. 499). It shall be the duty of persons minent, or taking place). owning, OJ?Crating, and tending dra~bridges built (d) As 1:18\".d in this part, the term \"long blast\" across navigable waters of the Umted States, to means a dtstmct blast of a whistle, horn, siren, or o~n, or cause to be opened, the d!aws o~ such 60 other efficient sound producing device, of approxi- bndges under such rules and regulattons as m the mately three (3) seconds' duration. The term opinion of the Commandant the public interests \"blast\" or \"short blast\" means a distinct blast of require. Insofar as criminal liability on the part of one (1) second's duration, or where specified a the bridge owner is concerned, the Commandant is distinct stroke of a bell. '

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 49 (e) The Commandant may require the owner or bridge the District Commander having jurisdiction operator to install and operate a radiotelephone may suspend any drawbridge operation regulations station or. stations of appropriate characteristics on applicable thereto and if necessary establish other a drawbridge when he finds that for navigation or operational requirements without prior notice and safety it is essential that in addition to the use of 5 public procedures thereon for such actions. Where sound or visual signals prescribed a supplemental practicable, notice of the District Commander's ac- means be available by which vessels may commu- tions taken pursuant to this section shall be dis- nicate to confirm requests for opening of the draw seminated in Notices to Mariners, or otherwise, for as well as exchange information with the draw- the information of all concerned. tender concerning the condition of the draw or IO (c) Closure for repairs or maintenance. governing its operation. (1) When a draw must be closed for scheduled (1) The Commandant's determination is based on repairs or maintenance work, approval of the Dis- such factors as location and navigational clearance trict Commander should be obtained at least 10 of the particular bridge, character and volume of days prior to the date of the intended closure by marine traffic, configuration of the navigational 15 the owners of or the agency controlling the draw- channel, restrictions in channel approaches, cur- bridge. The request for approval of the proposed rents in the approaches to or through the draw- closure shall include a brief description of the na- bridge, obstructions and conditions limiting visibili- ture of the work to be performed and the times and ty, and similar conditions affecting navigation or dates of such closure. The granting of the approval safety through or in the vicinity of the drawbridge. 20 will depend upon the necessity for the closure, the (2) Each station shall be subject to the rules and reasonableness of the time(s) and date(s) requested, regulations of the Federal Communications Com- and the overall effect on navigation. mission or the Director of Telecommunications (2) When a draw is closed for repairs in case of Management as applicable governing the assign- emergency of damage to the structure or for vital ment of operating frequencies, licensing, and opera- 25 maintenance that may not be delayed, the owners tion of radiotelephone stations. of or the agency controlling the drawbridge shall (3) When the Commandant proposes that a ra- immediately inform the District Commander con- diotelephone station, -or stations, be installed and cemed of the closure, the reasons for the closure, operated on a specific drawbridge, he gives written and the expected completion date of the emergen- notice of the proposed requirement to the bridge 30 cy repairs. Normally, the extension of any period owner (or operator as appropriate) who shall have of emergency closure to include the accomplish- 30 days in which to submit comments or objections ment of routine maintenance or for other nonemer- to the proposal. If the Commandant determines gency purposes will not be authorized. that such installation is necessary the bridge owner (d) Closure for public interest, health, and safe- (or operator) shall have a reasonable time, but nor- 35 ty. In situations where the public interest, health, mally not more than 6 months, in which to effect or safety so requires, including the holding of pub- installation and commence operation. lie functions or events such as street parades and (4) Radiotelephone communications pursuant to marine regattas, the District Commander f!Iay au- this section supplement the sound and visual signals thorize the temporary closure of a drawbndge. A prescribed elsewhere in this part for the operation 40 request for approval of a temporary. closure of a of drawbridges in general or for specific bridges drawbridge for a ~treet parade. or man~e _regatta or and do not alter any obligation with respect to otherwise should mclude a bnef descnpt1on of the !heir use. The provisions of this section are not pr~pose~ eve~t or reason why closure of the draw- 10tended to restrict the voluntary installation and bndge is desrred, and the time an~ date of su~h operation of radiotelephone stations on draw- 45 closure. The closure of a drawbndge for pubbc bridges. interest, health, or safety will depend upon the §117.la Temporary departures from regulations in necessity for the closure, the reasonableness of the this f>!U1· (a) Temporary closures of drawbrid~es. time M:d d~te (if requested), and the overall effect ~ot~thstanding any general or special regulation on navigation. . 10 this part, heretofore or hereafter prescribed, a 50 (e) Closure of drav.: f?r emergency veh1.cles. specific drawbridge across navigable waters of the When a drawtender ts mfo~ed . by a reliable United States need not be open to navigation for source that an emergency vehicle ts due to cross the draw, he shall take all reasonable ~easures specified periods of time when such a bridge may necessary to ha~e the ~raw closed a.t the time the be undergoing repairs or maintenance work or when the public interest, health, or safety so re- 55 em§e1r1g7e.n7c8yCvaepheicCleoadm~ve's aMt ~th.e bndge. . quires. (a) 1:he hft span (b) Delegation to District Commanders. The of the Buzzards Bay Railroad bndge will normally Commandant further delegates pursuant to 49 CFR f(oorpe~na)i_np~onsaitniocne.exNceoptsi_gfonralt~ies l.4(g) to District Commanders authority to place in bpe~kgepet i~nf the. raised trains. or effect the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section 60 reqmred 1f th~ hft sp~ i~ raised. with respect to drawbridges in their respective . (b) If the lift span 1s 10 other than the raised Coast Guard Districts for periods of time deter- position, the opening signal shall be one long and mined to be necessary but in no event to exceed 60 one short blast. . consecutive calendar days. For a specific draw- (c) Signals to be sounded from the bndge are:

50 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS (1) Immediately preceding the raising of the and 11:30 a.m. 1:00 p.m., and 4:30 p.m., 6:'30 p.m. drawspan: One long blast. and 1 hour after sunset, on all days from May 1 to (2) Immediately preceding the lowering of the October 31, inclusive, of each year. drawspan: Two long blasts. (b) At all other times during the year when a (3) When a vessel has sounded the opening sig- s bridge opening is desired a 6-hour advance notice nal and the drawspan cannot be raised immediately: must be given, in person, by telephone, or in writ- Four short blasts in a rapid succession. ing, to the operator of the bridge or to the Select- (4) When the draw is closed and visibility is men of the Town of Dartmouth, Massachusetts. reduced in foggy weather: four shorts blasts in Upon receipt of such notice, the operator of the rapid succession every 2 minutes. 10 bridge, in compliance therewith, shall at the time §117.80 Acushnet River, Mass.; State of Mas- specified in the notice and for a reasonable period sachusetts bridge between New Bedford and Fair- thereafter be prepared to open the draw promptly haven. (a) Prompt opening required. Except as on signal for the passage of the vessel. otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this section, (c) The advance notice required in paragraph (b) the draw of the bridge shall, upon proper signal, be 15 of this section shall not apply to vessels in an opened promptly for the passage of vessels unable emergency, or to vessels operated by the United to pass under the closed draw. States and vessels employed for police or fire pro- (b) Exceptions. (1) From 6:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m., tection by any Town or municipality bordering on from 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m., and from 4:00 p.m. to the Apponaganset River. The draw shall be opened 6:00 p.m., on all days other than Sundays and legal 20 promptly upon notification at any time of the day holidays observed in the locality, the draw need or night for such United States and municipal ves- not be opened for the passage of any vessels draw- sels, and for other vessels in an emergency. ing less than 15 feet of water. The above periods of (d) The call signal for opening the draw shall be closure will not apply to vessels owned or operated three short blasts of a whistle or horn. If the draw by the U.S. Government, State or local authorities. 25 can be opened immediately the call signal shall be (2) During the period May 1 to October 1 be- acknowledged by one long blast of a whistle or tween the hours of 9:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m. (local horn. When the draw cannot be opened immediate- time) and during the period October l to May 1, ly the operator shall sound three long blasts and in from one hour after sunset to one hour before addition a red flag or ball by day and a red light sunrise, advance notice of two hours will be re- 30 by night shall be conspicuously displayed on the quired for an opening. This advance notice will be bridge. given to the draw tender by telephone or other- (e) Automobiles and other vehicles shall not be wise. The owner of or agency controlling the stopped or pedestrians loiter on this drawbridge for bridge shall provide arrangements whereby the the purpose of delaying the opening of the draw, draw tender can be conveniently reached by tele- 35 nor shall watercraft or vessels be so manipulated as phone or otherwise at any hour of the night, and to hinder or delay the operation of the drawspan, shall keep conspicuously posted on both the up- but all passage over or through the bridge shall be stream and downstream sides of the bridge, in a prompt, to prevent delay to either land or water position where it can be read easily at any time, a traffic. copy of the regulations of this section together 40 (f) The owner of or agency controlling the with a notice stating exactly how the draw tender bridge shall maintain in good and efficient order may be reached. the drawspan and the mechanical appliances for (c) Signals-(1) By the vessel. The signal for operating the same and shall provide and maintain opening the draw promptly when required shall be in good order on the bridge piers or fenders such three short blasts of a whistle or horn. When a 45 fixtures as may be necessary to vessels in mooring vessel drawing more than 15 feet of water intends or making fast while waiting for the drawspan to to pass through the draw during the period de- open. scribed in paragraph (b)(l) of this section, three (g) The owner of or agency controlling the short blasts followed ~y one long blast shall be bridge shall keep conspicuously posted on both sounded. When any Uruted States, State or munici- 50 sides of the bridge, in a position where it can easily pal .ves~l as described in paragraph (b)(l) of this be read at any time, a copy of the regulations of section mtends to pass through the draw, four long this section together with a notice stating exactly blasts are sounded. how the operator may be reached by telephone or (2) By the bridge. If the draw is to be opened otherwise. promptly, the.draw tender shall reply by one long 55 §117.85 Sakonnet River, R.I.; State of Rhode Is- blast of a whtStle or horn. If the draw cannot be land highway bridge and New York, New Haven & opened promptly, the. draw. t~nder shall reply by Hartford Railroad Co. bridge at Tiverton. (a) The three long blasts ~d, 10 add!t1on a red flag or ~all ow!ler. o~ or agency controlling each bridge shall by day _and a red bght by. rught shall be consp1cu- mamtam 10 good and efficient order the drawspan ously displayed on the bn~ge. 60 and the machinery and appliances for operating the §117.81 Apponaganset River, Mass.; Padanarum same and for assisting vessels while passing Highway Bridge at South Darb_noutb. (a) The draw thro\"!lgh the draw. The owner of or agency con- shall be opened promp~y on signal for the passage trollmg each bridge shall also provide and maintain of vessels between sunnse and 7:30 a.m., 9:30 a.m., at the drawspan such number of draw tenders or

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 51 operators as may be necessary to open and close apply to each bridge except as modified by the the same promptly; and shall also provide and special regulation contained in paragraph (h) of this maintain in good order on the bridge piers or fend- section. The special regulations shall not apply to ers such fixtures as may be necessary to vessels in vessels owned or operated by the United States, a mooring or making fast while waiting for the 5 vessel in distress, or to vessels employed for police drawspan to open. or fire protection by any town or municipality (b) The signal for opening the draw of each of touching upon Sakonnet River. All such United these bridges shall be three short blasts of a whistle States and municipal vessels, and vessels in distress, or horn. This signal shall be answered by one long shall be passed through the draws of the bridges blast of a whistle or horn on the bridge when the IO during the closed period. operation of opening is commenced, or, if the draw (h) State of Rhode Island highway bridge: From cannot be opened promptly, by three long blasts 7:10 a.m. to 7:40 a.m., Monday through Friday, and in addition a red flag or ball by day and a red inclusive, the draw of the highway bridge will not light by night shall be conspicuously displayed on be required to be opened for the passage of vessels. the bridge. 15 §117.87 Taunton River, Mass.; bridges. (a) The (c) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs signal for opening the draw of each of the draw- (d) and (h) of this section the draw of each bridge bridges sha11 be three short blasts of a whistle or shall be immediately opened upon receiving the horn. This signal shall be answered by one long prescribed signal for the passage of vessels at any blast of a whistle or horn on the bridge when the hour of the day or night. 20 operation of opening is commenced, or, if the draw (d) Exception: (1) When a train which will en- cannot be opened promptly, by three long blasts tirely cross the railroad bridge before stopping has and in addition a red flag or ball by day and a red reached the distance signal of the bridge and is in light by night shall be conspicuously displayed on motion toward the bridge, the train may continue the bridge. across the bridge, but in no case, except as pro- 25 (b) Except as otherwise provided in this section, vided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, shall the the draws of the bridges shall be immediately opening of the bridge for a vessel be delayed more opened, upon receiving the prescribed signal, at all than four minutes after the signal is given. times during the day or night for the passage of (2) When the draw of either of the bridges shall foreign vessels and \"vessels of the United States\" have been open for 10 minutes or longer, it may be 30 as defined in R.S. 4311 (46 U.S.C. 251) unable to closed for the crossing of trains, cars, vehicles, or pass under the closed draws. persons, if any be waiting to cross, and after being (c) When a train which will entirely cross a rail- so closed for 10 minutes or for such shorter time as road bridge before stopping has reached the dis- may be necessary for the trains, cars, vehicles, or tance signal of the bridge and is in motion toward persons to cross, it shall again be opened promptly 35 the bridge, the train may continue across the for the passage of all vessels if there be any such bridge, but in no case, except as provided in para- desiring to pass. The length of time that a draw graph (f) of this section, shall the opening of the shall have been open shall be computed from the bridge for a vessel be delayed more than four min- time that the draw is fully open, and the length of utes after the signal is given. time that a draw has been closed shall be computed 40 (d) Between 10:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m. from May from the time that the draw ceases to move in to October, inclusive, and between 6:00 p.m. and closing. 6:00 a.m. from November to April, inclusive, the (3) The exceptions contained in this paragraph, draw of the Bristol County highway bridge at shall not apply to vessels owned or operated by the Berkley shall be opened for the pas~ge of all ves- United States, vessels in distress, and vessels em- 45 sels which cannot pass the closed .bndge upon no- ployed for police and fire protection by any town tice given by telephone. or otherwise to th~ opera- or municipality touching upon Sakonnet River. All tor at le~t 30 minutes m advance of the time the such United States and municipal vessels, and ves- vessel desires to pass through the. draw. The OWI_ler sels in distress, shall be passed through the draws of or agency controlling the bridge shall provide of the bridges at any hour of the day or night. 50 arrangements whereby the dr~w tender ca'.1 be (e) For every vessel that cannot pass a closed reached by telephone or otherwise from the brtd~e, bridge the operation of the draw shall afford full or through a public telephone exchange, an~ notice horizontal and vertical clearance in the draw open- of such arrangements shall be kept conspicuously ing regardless of the size or requirements of the ss posted on ~t1hevebsrsiedlgseo. r watercraft. other ~ban th<;>se passing vessel. (e) .For (t) Trains, cars, vehicles, or persons shall not be descnbed m paragraph (bbr)~. dogefs,th.itshesedctriaowns which stopped on a bridge for the purpose of delaying its cannot pass the closed shall, opening, nor shall watercraft be so handled or upon receiving the prescnbed osrigonta~le, r bweatoerpcern~efdt placed as to delay the opening or closing of the when two or more such vessels draw, but all passage over, under, or through a 60 may be ready to pass through: Provided, T.hat m draw shall be prompt to prevent delay to either nhoa(vtec)absWeeehnsehnoalpltehntehfedorrdaew~lOaymo~mbueantmy~ooroefr tthheanbn2.~0gmesmushteasl.l land or water traffic. longer, it. may be (g) The general regulations contained in para- graphs (a) to (t), inclusive, of this section shall closed for the crossmg of trams, cars, vehicles, or

52 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS persons, if any be waiting to cross, and after being desiring passage because of an emergency involv- so closed for IO minutes or for such shorter time as ing danger to life or property, upon sounding, four may be necessary for the trains, cars, vehicles, or distinct blasts of a whistle or horn. · persons to cross, it shall again be opened promptly (d) The owner of or agency controlling the for the passage of foreign vessels or \"vessels of the s Washington Bridge across Seekonk River need not United States,\" if there be any such desiring to open the draw for the passage of vessels. pass. The length of time that a draw shall have (e) The call signal for opening of the draw of been open shall be computed from the time that the each bridge shall be three short blasts of a whistle drawspan is fully open, and the length of time that or horn. If the draw can be opened immediately, a draw has been closed shall be computed from the 10 the call signal shall be acknowledged by one long time that the drawspan ceases to move in closing. blast of a whistle or horn on the bridge. If the (g) For every vessel that cannot pass the closed draw cannot be opened immediately, the call signal bridges the operation of the draw shall afford full shall be acknowledged by three long blasts, and in horizontal and vertical clearance in the draw open- addition a red flag or ball by day and a red light at ing regardless of the size or requirements of the 15 night shall be conspicuously displayed on the passing vessel. bridge. (h) Trains, cars, vehicles, or persons shall not be (f) Point Street Bridge. Between 7 a.m. and 9 stopped on any drawspan for the purpose of delay- a.m. and between 4 p.m. and 6 p.m. daily the draw ing the opening of the draw, nor shall any vessel or of the bridge need not be opened for the passage of other watercraft be so handled or placed as to 20 vessels; at all other times at least 24 hours' advance delay the opening or closing of any drawspan, but notice is required, such notice to be given to the all passage over, under, or through a drawspan Director of Public Works, City Hall, Providence, shall be prompt so as to reduce delays to water and R.I.: Provided, That the draw shall be opened at land traffic to a minimum. all times, upon request, for vessels owned or oper- (i) The owner of or agency controlling each 25 ated by the United States or the city of Providence bridge shall maintain in good and efficient order desiring passage in an emergency involving danger the drawspan and the machinery and appliances for to life or property. The owner of or agency con- operating the same and for assisting vessels while trolling the bridge shall provide arrangements passing through the draw. The owner of or agency whereby the drawtenders can be reached readily controlling the bridge shall also provide and main- 30 by telephone or otherwise at any hour of the day tain at the drawspan such number of draw tenders or night, in case of emergency. or operators as may be necessary to open and close §117.95 Mystic River at Mystic, Conn. (a) The the same promptly; and shall also provide and New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad maintain in good order on the bridge piers or fend- Company bridge. (1) From April 1 to October 31, ers such fixtures as may be necessary to vessels in 35 inclusive, at any time, day or night, the draw of mooring or making fast while waiting for the this bridge shall be opened immediately upon re- drawspan to open. ceipt of the call signal for the passage of commer- §117.90 Providence Harbor, R.I.; bridges. cial vessels, vessels owned or operated by the Unit- (a) The regulations in this section shall govern the ed States Government, and vessels employed for operation of the city of Providence highway bridge 40 police or fire protection by any town or mu- at Point Street across the upper Providence River nicipality touching on the Mystic River, and as and the New York, New Haven and Hartford Rail- soon as practicable and in no case later than 20 road Co. India Point Bridge at India Street, the minutes after receipt of the call signal for the pas- State of Rhode Island Washington Bridge at Fox sage of all other vessels which cannot pass the Point Boulevard, the New York, New Haven and 45 closed bridge: Provided, That the draw shall not Hartford Railroad Co. Tunnel Bridge, and the city be opened when an express passenger train, sched- of Providence R~d Bridge at Waterman Street uled to pass beyond the bridge without stop, has across Seekonk River. entered the block in which the bridge is located, or (b) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs when any other train which will entirely cross the (c) and (d) of this section the draw of each bridge so bridge before stopping has reached the distance across Set:k?nk River sha.11 be .opened pro~ptly sis!131. of the bridge, or when a passenger or mail upon rece1vmg the prescnbed signal at all times tram is actually ready to pass over it, but in any during the day or night for the passage of vessels. such case the opening of the bridge shall not be (c) Between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m. and between 4 delayed more than eight minutes after the call sig- p.m. and 6 p.m. daily the draws of the highway 55 nal is given. bridges over Seekonk River, except the Washing- (2) The call signal for opening the draw shall be ton Bridge as provided in paragraph (d) of this one long blast and one short blast. When the draw section, need not be opened for the passage of is to be opened immediately the draw tender shall vessels other than loaded self-propelled cargo ves- reply with one long blast. If the draw cannot be se~s and any assisting t.ugs: Pro~ided, That . the 60 o~ned immediately the draw tender shall reply ~ndges, except the W~hmgto!l Bndge as provided with three long blasts, and in addition a red flag or m paragraph (d) of this secuon, shall be opened ball by day or a red light by night shall be conspic· promptly a~ all times for vessels ?wned or o~rated uously displayed on the bridge. by the Uruted States or the city of Provtdence (3) From November 1 to March 31, inclusive, at

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 53 any time between the hours of 5:00 a.m. and 9:00 the drawtender given at least 1 hour in advance of p.m. the draw of this bridge shall be opened im- the time of the requested opening. mediately upon receipt of the above-described call (6) All times listed are referred to local times at signal and subject to all conditions contained in Mystic. paragraph (a)(l) of this section. From 9:00 p.m. to 5 (7) The signal for opening the draw shall be 5:00 a.m., the draw of the bridge shall not be given by one long blast and two short blasts of a required to be opened except on an 8-hour notice horn or whistle. If the draw cannot be opened in advance of the time an opening is required. immediately when the signal is given, a red flag or (4) The 8-hour advance notice will not apply to ball by day or a red light by night shall be conspic- vessels owned or operated by the United States, 10 uously displayed on the bric:l.ge. nor to vessels employed for police or fire protec- (8) The signal for opening the draw shall be tion, nor in an emergency by any vessel when answered by a whistle on the bridge with one long danger to life and/or property is involved. For the blast when the opening is commenced, or by three type of vessel specified, and in emergencies by any long blasts repeated at regular intervals until ac- vessel, the owners or agency operating the bridge 15 knowledged by the vessel when the bridge cannot shall, upon request, arrange for the opening of the be opened promptly or, if opened, must be closed drawspan as soon as practicable after receipt of the immediately. request. (9) A copy of the regulations in this paragraph (5) The owners or agency controlling the bridge shall be conspicuously posted on both the upstream shall keep conspicuously posted on both sides of 20 and downstream sides of the bridge in such a man- the bridge, in a position where it can be easily read ner that it can be easily read at any time. at any time, a copy of the regulations in this sec- §117.100 Thames River, Conn.; The New York, tion together with a notice stating exactly how the New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co. bridge between representative of the owner or agency may be New London and Groton. (a) The draw of this reached. 25 bridge shall be opened at any time, day or night, (b) Connecticut State Highway Department immediately upon receipt of the call signal for the bridge. (1) The owner or agency controlling the passage of commercial vessels, vessels owned or bridge shall provide the appliances and personnel operated by the United States Government, and necessary for the safe, prompt and efficient opera- vessels employed for police or fire protection by tion of the draw. 30 any town or municipality touching on the Thames (2) The draw shall normally be opened on the River, and as soon as practicable and in no case following schedule when the signal, hereinafter later than 20 minutes after receipt of the call signal prescribed for the opening of the draw, is received for the passage of all other vessels which cannot from an approaching vessel or other watercraft pass the closed bridge: Provided, That when a which cannot pass under the closed draw. This 35 westbound train scheduled to cross the bridge schedule shall not be construed to prevent the without stop has passed Midway Station, or a opening of the draw immediately for govemmen- southbound train Groton Station, or an eastbound tal, police or fire protection or commercial vessels train New London Station, and is in motion toward or any vessels in case conditions of wind, tide or the bridge, the draw shall not be opened for the heavy volume of river traffic are such as to cause a 40 passage of any vessel until the train has crossed the hazard to vessels or to the bridge. bridge. (3) Between the hours of 8:15 a.m. and 7:17 p.m. (b) The call signal for opening the draw shall be th~ draw need be opened only once an hour at 15 three blasts. When the draw is to be opel_led im- mmutes after the hour for the passage of vessels mediately the draw tender shall reply with_ one other than vessels owned or operated by the Gov- 45 blast. If the draw cannot be. opened 1mmed1ate~y ernment of the United States, vessels employed for the draw tender shall reply with four blasts,_ and m police or fire protection and commercial vessels or addition a red flag or ~all by day _or a red hght by any vessel under conditions described in paragraph night shall be conspicuously displayed on the (b)(2) of this section. bridge. . (4) From May 1 to October 31, inclusive, be- 50 §117.105 Shaws Cove, Conn.; Penn Central rail- tween the hours of 7:15 p.m. and 8:15 a.m. and road bridge. (a) From December 1 through March from November 1 to April 30, inclusive, between 31: the hours of 7:15 p.m. and 8 p.m. and between the (1) Monday through Friday. from 8 a.m. to 5 hours of 4 a.m. and 8:15 a.m. the draw shall be p.m. the draw shall open on signal. opened on call for the passage of vessels owned or ss a.m(2. )a nMdoon~daSyattuh~rdoauygshanFdriSdua~ydafyrso,mth5e p.m. stoha~8I operated by the Government of the United States, draw_ vessels employed for police and fire protection and open on signal 1f at least eight hours notice is commercial vessels. The draw shall be opened as given. . (b) From April 1 through November 30: soon as practicable and in no case later than 20 minutes after receipt of the call signal for all other 60 (1) From 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. the draw shall open vessels which cannot pass the closed draw.. on signal. 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. the ~ra\"'. sh~ll open (5) From November 1 to April 30, inclusive, be- (2) From on signal if at least one hours not1~e is ~1ven. . tween the hours of 8 p.m. and 4 a.m. the draw shall be opened for the passage of vessels upon notice to (c) The draw need not open on signal if a tram

54 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS is approaching so closely that it may not be safely (a) The signal for opening the draw of each of the stopped; however, a vessel shall not be delayed drawbridges shall be one long blast (of about five more than 10 minutes. seconds' duration) of a whistle or horn. This signal (d) When an emergency arises that may endan- shall be answered by one long blast of a whistle or ger life or property during the closed periods out- 5 horn on the bridge when the operation of opening lined in paragraphs (a)(2) and (b)(2) of this section, is commenced, or, if the draw cannot be opened the draw shall open with the least possible delay promptly, by a series of not less than four short, after notification to take such action has been given sharp blasts (each of not more than one second's to the bridge owner or his authorized representa- duration) and in addition a red flag or ball by day tive. 10 and a red light by night shall be conspicuously (e) Signals: (1) The opening signal from the ves- displayed on the bridge. sel is one long blast followed by one short blast. (b) Except as provided in subparagraph (c) of (2) The acknowledging signal from the draw- this section, the draws of the bridges described in tender is one long blast followed by one short blast this section shall be promptly opened, upon the when the draw will be opened immediately or four 15 prescribed signal, at all times during the day or short blasts when the draw cannot be opened im- night, for the passage of foreign vessels and \"ves- mediately. A red flag or ball by day, and a red sels of the United States,\" as defined in section light at night shall be also conspicuously displayed 4311 of the Revised Statutes (46 U.S.C. 251). when the draw cannot be opened. (c) Exceptions-(!) Railroad bridge at Lyme. (f) The owner of or agency controlling the 20 When a westbound train scheduled to cross the bridge shall conspicuously post notices containing bridge without stopping has passed Lyme and the substance of these regulations, both upstream Blackball Station, or an eastbound train Saybrook and downstream, on the bridge or elsewhere in Junction Station, and is in motion toward the such a manner that they can easily be read at any bridge, the draw shall be opened for the vessels time from an approaching vessel. This notice shall 25 described in paragraph (b) of this section as soon as state who to contact to have the draw opened the train has crossed the bridge. during periods when advance notice is required. (2) Railroad bridge at Middletown. When a §117.110 Niantic River, Conn., bridges. (a) The westbound train scheduled to cross the bridge draw of the Route 156 bridge shall open on signal, without stop has passed Portland Statiori, or an except that from 7 a.m. to 8 a.m., and from 4 p.m. 30 eastbound train Middletown Station, and is in mo- to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except holi- tion toward the bridge, the draw shall be opened days, the draw need not open for the passage of for the vessels described in paragraph (b) of this vessels. However, the draw shall open at any time section as soon as the train has crossed the bridge. for the passage of commercial vessels. (d) For all other vessels which cannot pass the (b) The draw of the CONRAIL (Penn-Central) 35 closed bridges the draws shall, upon the prescribed bridge shall open on signal, except that from 8 p.m. signal, be opened as soon as practicable, but in no to 4 a.m., from April I through October 31, and case shall the delay be more than 20 minutes. from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., from November I through (e) For every vessel that cannot pass the closed March 31, the draw shall open on signal if at least bridge the operation of the draw shall afford full one hour notice is given. 40 horizontal and vertical clearance in the draw open- Note.-When a train, scheduled to cross the ing, regardless of the size or requirements of the bridge without stopping, has entered the draw- passing vessel. bridge block, a delay in opening the draw may §117.120 New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and occur until the train has cleared the block. Mill Rivers, Conn. (c) S.ignal~: (1) The opening signal for the high- 45 (a) The draws of the Tomlinson Bridge, mile way bndge is one long blast followed by one short 0.0, the Ferry Street Bridge, mile 0.7, and the blast. .. . . . G!and Avenue Bridge, mile 1.3, across Quinnipiac (2) The openmg signal for the railroad bndge is River and the Chapel Street Bridge, mile 0.4, one long blast followed by two short blasts. across Mill River shall open on signal except that: (3) The acknowledging signal from the draw 50 (1) From 7:30 to 8:30 a.m., noon to 12:15 p.m., tender of each bridge when the draw shall open is 12.45 to 1 p.m. and 4:45 to 5:45 p.m., the draws the same as the opening signal. need not open. (4) The acknowledging signal from the draw (2) From 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. from October I ten~er of each bridge when the draw cannot open, through April 30, the draws of the Ferry Street or is open and must close, is four blasts.. 55 Bridge, Quinnipiac River shall open on signal un- (d) The owner of or agency controlling each less the drawtender is at the Grand Avenue or bridge shall conspicuously post notices containing Chapel Street Bridges, in this event a delay of t the substances of these regulations pertinent to hour can be expected. each ?ridge, both upstr.eam and downstream, on (3) From 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. the draw of the the bn~ge or elsewhere m such a m~ner that the.y 60 Grand A~enue. Bridge, Quinnipiac River, shall can. eastly be read from an approaching vessel. This open on signal if at least 1 hour notice is given to notice shall s~te whom to .co~tact t<? have the draw opened If ad~ance n<?tlce IS required. . the drawtender at the Ferry Street Bridge. In the ev~nt that the .~rawtender is at the Chapel Street §117.115 Connecticut River, Conn.; bndges. Bndge an addit10nal hour delay can be expected.

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 55 . (4) From 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. the draw of the Chap- daily, the draw need not open for the passage of el Street Bridge, Mill River, shall open on signal if vessels. at least 1 hour notice is given to the drawtender at (2) Signals. (i) The opening signal from a vessel Ferry Street Bridge. In the event that the draw- is one long blast followed by one short blast. tender is at the Grand Avenue Bridge an additional 5 (ii) The acknowledging signal from the draw hour delay can be expected. tender is one long blast followed by one short blast (b) The sound signals for requesting the opening when the draw will open; or four short blasts when of each bridge are: the draw will not open. A red flag by day or a red (1) The Tomlinson Bridge, two short blasts of a light at night may also be used to indicate that the whistle or horn. IO draw will not open. (2) The Ferry Street Bridge, one short blast of a (b) Penn Central Railroad Bridge, mile 3.9. (1) whistle or horn. The draw shall open on signal from 5 a.m. to 9 (3) The Grand Avenue Bridge, one long blast of p.m. except that- a whistle or horn. (i) Monday through Friday, excluding holidays (4) The Chapel Street Bridge, three short blasts 15 or an emergency, the draw need not open from 7 of a whistle or horn. a.m. to 9 a.m., and from 4 p.m. to 5:45 p.m.; and (c) The drawtender shall acknowledge sound (ii) the draw need not open more than once in signals in the following manner: any 60-minute period from 5:30 a.m. to 7 a.m.; and (1) When the draw will open immediately, with from 5:45 p.m. to 8:15 p.m., except on Saturdays, the same signal as the requesting signal. 20 Sundays, and Federal holidays. (2) When the draw cannot open immediately, or (2) From 9 p.m. to 5 a.m., the draw shall open is open and must close, with four short blasts of a on signal if the vessel operator gives notice to the whistle or horn, to be repeated until acknowledged chief dispatcher of the railroad before 4 p.m. on by the vessel by the same signal. the day of the intended passage. (3) When the condition in (c)(2) above no longer 25 (3) A delay of up to 20 minutes in the opening exists, the drawtender shall sound the opening sig- of the draw may be expected if a train is approach- nal and open the draw if any vessels are waiting to ing the bridge so closely that the train may not be pass. safely stopped. (d) The following visual signals are used in addi- (4) The signals for the railroad bridge are as tion to sound signals for requesting the opening of 30 follows: each bridge when sound signals may not be heard. (i) The opening signal from a vessel is one long A white flag by day or a white light by night shall blast followed by two short blasts. be swung in full circles at arm's length in full sight (ii) The acknowledging signal from the draw of the bridge and facing the draw. tender is one long blast when the draw will open, (e) The drawtender shall acknowledge visual 35 and four short blasts when the draw will not open. signals in the following manner: A red flag by day or a red light at night may be (1) When the draw will open immediately, a used to indicate that the draw will not open. (c) The owners of the bridges shall ~ost notices white flag by day or a green light by night swung up and down vertically a number of times in full 40 on both the upstream and downstream side of each sight of the vessel. bridge setting forth the requirements in this section (2) When the draw cannot open immediately, or for each bridge. is open and must close, a red flag by day or a red §117.130 Pequonnock River, Yellow Mill Cban- light by night, swung back and forth horizontally nel, and Johnson Creek, Bridgeport, Conn.; bridges. Stratfor~ Avenue in full sight of the vessel, to be repeated until 45 (a) Pequonnock River-(1) on the signal of one acknowledged by the vessel by the same signal. Bridge. The draw shall open (f) A notice containing the substance of these long blast and one ~hort blast exc~pt that_ the draw regulations shall be conspicuously posted on both need not open dunng the followmg penods: the upstream and downstream sides of each draw- 6:45 a.m. to 7:15 a.m. bridge in such a manner so that it may be easily 50 7:45 a.m. to 8:15 a.m. read from an approaching vessel at any time. This 11 :45 a.m. to 1: 15 p.m. notice shall state who to contact to have the draw 4:30 p.m. to 6:10 p.m. opened if advance notice is required. (2) ConRail. Railroad Bridge. (i) The draw shall (g) Commercial vessels, public vessels of the open on the signal of th~ee short blasts from 5:45 ~d on signal f~om. 9 ~.m. to 5:45 United States, vessels in distress, and state or local 55 a.m. !O 9 p.m., eight hou~s notice is given to the government vessels used for public safety purposes a.~. 1f _at least shall be passed through the draws during advance chief d1Spatcher of the ra1~road, excep.t that: . (A) Monday through Fnday, excludmg hobd~ys notice periods as soon as possible. Such vessels shall notify the operator of the Ferry Street Bridge or an eme~gency,. the draw need not open dunng for an opening of closed bridges. 60 the followmg penods: §117.125 Housatoaic River, Conn.; bridges. 6:45 a.m. to 7:15 a.m. (a) US-1 bridge, mile 3.5. (1) The draw shall open 7:45 a.m. to 8:15 a.m. on signal, except that from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m., Mon- 4:30 p.m. to 6:10 p.m. . . ·. day through Friday, and from 4 p.m. to 5:45 p.m., (B) Monday through Fnday, excludmg holidays

56 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS or an emergency, the draw need not open more from October 1 to May 31, inclusive. An eight- than once during each of the following periods: hour advance notice shall be required for opening 5:45 a.m. to 6:45 a.m. the draw from October 1 to May 31, inclusive, 7:15 a.m. to 7:45 a.m. between 5:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. and between 4:00 8:15 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. 5 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. The draw may remain closed at all other times. 6:lo p.m. to 8:15 p.m. (ii) A delay of up to seven minutes in the open- (I) Exception. When a train scheduled to pass ing of the draw may be expected if a train .is beyond the bridge without stop has passed the last approaching the bridge so closely that the tram station nearest the bridge and is in motion toward may not be safely stopped. 10 the bridge, the bridge shall be opened as soon as (3) Congress Street Bridge. The draw shall open the approaching train has been brought to a stop at on the signal of two long blasts and two short the drawbridge signal. blasts from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m., and on signal from 9 (b) In case the bridge cannot be opened im- p.m. to 8 a.m, if at least eight hours notice is given mediately when the signal is given, a red flag or except that the draw need not open during the 15 ball by day or a red light by night shall be conspic- following periods: uously displayed. 6:45 a.m. to 7:15 a.m. (c) Signals for the opening of the draw shall be 7:45 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. answered by a whistle or Klaxon horn on the 11 :45 a.m. to 1: 15 p.m., except that the draw bridge with the same signal, three short blasts, de- shall open for commercial vessels. 20 scribed in paragraph (a) of this section, when the 4:30 p.m. to 6: 10 p.m. operation of the opening is commenced, or by a (4) East Washington Street Bridge. The draw series of not less than four short, sharp blasts, each shall open on the signal of one long blast and two of not more than 1 second duration, when the short blasts if at least 24 hours notice is given. bridge cannot be promptly opened. (5) Grand Street Bridge. The draw need not 25 §117.145 Norwalk River at Norwalk, Conn.; open for the passage of vessels. However, the draw Washington Street Highway Bridge and the New shall be returned to operable condition within 12 York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad bridge. months after notification by the Commandant to (a) The owners of or agencies controlling the take such action. bridges described in this section shall provide the (b) Yellow Mill Channel Bridge. The draw shall 30 appliances and personnel necessary for the safe, open on the signal of one long blast and one short prompt and efficient operation of the draw. blast if at least 24 hours notice is given. (b) The draw shall be opened promptly when (c) Johnson Creek, Pleasure Beach Bridge. The the signal, prescribed in paragraph (c)(l) of this draw shall open on the signal of one long blast and section for the opening of the draw, is received one short blast. 35 from an approaching vessel or other water craft (d) Public vessels of the United States and ves- which cannot pass under the closed draw except as sels in distress shall be passed through the draw of provided in paragraph (d) of this section. each bridge listed in this section during closed peri- (c) Signals-(1) Call signals for opening of draw- ods when draw tenders are on duty, and as soon as (i) Sound signals. Highway Bridge, three short possible if advance notice is required. The opening 40 blasts of horn or whistle. Railroad Bridge, one long signal from these vessels is four short blasts. and two short blasts of horn or whistle. Except (e) If the draw of a bridge listed in this section that for vessels drawing at the time 14 feet and cannot open immediately when opening signals are more the above signals shall be followed by one received from vessels, a red flag or ball by day, or long blast of horn or whistle. a red light at n~ght shall be conspicuously dis- 45 (ii) Visual signals. To be used in conjunction played on the bndge. with sound signals when conditions are such that (f) The owner of or agency cont.rolling each sound signals cannot be heard. A white flag by ~ndg~ shat.I keep_ a copy .of the )?t!rtmen~ regula- d~y, and a white light by night, swung in full tto~s 1~ this sec~1on and mformatt~m statmg how circles at arm's length in full sight of the bridge ~otlce ts to ~ given to the authonzed representa- 50 and facing the draw. tlve of the bn~ge owner post~d both upstream a~d . (2) Acknowledging signals by bridge operator- downstream, either ~n the bn~ge or elsewhere m (1) Sound signals. Draw to be opened immediately: such a ~armer that tt can .easily be read from an Sam~ as call signal. Draw cannot be opened im· approachmg vessel at al.I times. . mediately, or, if open, must be closed immediately: §117.135 Saugatuck River, Con~.; bndge of New 55 Two long blasts of a horn or whistle, to be re- York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co., at Sau- peated at regular intervals until acknowledged by gatuck, Conn. (a) Except as otherwise provided in the vessel. this ~tion, the draw shall be opened as soon as (ii) Visual signals. Draw to be opened im- practicable for the passa~e of vessels ~hat ca1:mot ~ediately. A white flag by day or a green light at pass under the closed bndge, upon a signal given 60 mght swung up and down vertically a number of by t~ree short blasts (each of. about 2 seconds' times in full sight of the vessel. Draw cannot be duration) of a horn or steam whistle, between 5:00 ?Pene~ immediately, or, if open, must be closed ~.m. ~d 9:00 p.m. from June I to September 30, 1J!Uiledtately: A red flag by day, a red light by mclusive, and between 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. mght, swung to and fro horizontally in full sight of

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 57 the vessel, to be repeated until acknowledged by sels described in paragraph (c)(l) of this section as the vessel. soon as the train has crossed the bridge. (3) Acknowledging signals by the vessel. Vessels (d) For all other vessels which cannot pass the or other watercraft having signaled for the opening closed bridge, the draw shall, upon the prescribed of the draw and having received a signal that the 5 signals and between the hours of 5 a.m. and 9 p.m., draw cannot be opened immediately, or if open be opened as soon as practicable, but in no case must be closed immediately, shall acknowledge shall the delay be over 20 minutes. said signal by one long blast followed by a short §117.155 Hutchinson River, N.Y.; bridges. blast, or by swinging to and fro horizontally a red (a) The owners of or agencies controlling these flag by day and a red light by night. 10 drawbridges shall provide the appliances and per- (d) Exceptions. (1) The highway bridge: Closed sonnet necessary for the safe, prompt, and efficient periods, when the draw need not be opened except operation of the draws. ~) All bridges, except t~e Eastc;hester Creek on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays and except for vessels drawing at the time more than 14 feet of Bndge (l-95) and the Hutchmson River Parkway water: 15 Bridge, shall open promptly on signal. The East- Between 7:00 a.m. and 8:45 a.m. chester Creek (I-95) and Hutchinson River Park- Between 11:45 a.m. and 1:15 p.m. way bridges shall open promptly on signal if at least 6 .hours' notice h~ been given.. Between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. (2) The railroad bridge. (i) The draw shall open . (c) S1gn~s-(l) Call signals for openm~ of draw- 20 (1) Sound s!gnals. By vessels of th~ ':Jmted States on signal from 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. except that- (A) Monday through Friday, excluding holidays or of .the City of New York, four distmct blasts of or an emergency the draw need not open from 7 a whistle, horn, or megaphone, or four loud and a.m. to 8:45 a.m.: and from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.; and distinct. st~okes of a bell, and_ by all other vessels, {B) The draw need not open more than once in three distmct blasts of a v:~stle, horn, or mega- any 60-minute period from 5:45 a.m. to 7 a.m., and 25 phone, or ~hr~e loud and distmc:t str<?kes of a bell, ~o~ded within reasonable heanng distance of the from 6 p.m. to 7:45 p.m. (ii) From 9 p.m. to 5 a.m., the draw shall open n(..g)\\,. al .s.igna1s. T b u~.ed · ·· on signal if at least four hours notice is given. . u isu o e m conjunction with so~nd signals when conditions are. such that (iii) A delay of up to 20 minutes in the opening of the draw may be expected if a train is approach- JO sound sig~als .may not. be heard. ~ white .flag by sinagfeltyhestbo~\"id!d. so 1 1 that th t· t be day, a whrte hght by mght, swung m full circles at c ose Y e ram may no arm's length in full sight of the bridge and facing be(ec)onAsp<1;XcluPYo~olfythpeosrteegduloai;fiiobnost~m. ththeisuspesctrtei.oanmshanaldl 35 the(2)drAawck. nowledging signals by the bridge opera- ~ownstream s!des of the bndg~ m such manner that tor-(i) Sound signals. Draw to be opened im- it can be eas1~y read ~t any time. . mediately: Same as call signal. Draw cannot be opened immediately or, if open, must be closed CYoo§sr1ck1o,7b.,N1~5e0nwnM.Hia(aanv)uesn~eR&ivse:1\"r~,aarlCtfoofnor~nd.o; p~ebni1:t;1d1gge thoeCf odN.raeawwt 40 immediately: Two long distinct blasts of a whistle, o~ the bndge descnbed m this section shall be horn, or megaphone, or two loud and distinct giv~n by three short blasts of a ho~ or ~team strokes of a bell, to be repeated at regular intervals until acknowledged by the vessel. (ii) Visual signals. To be used in conjunction whistle. In case ~e dra~ '?aflnot be immediately with sound signals when conditions are such that opened when the:: signal 1~ given, a red flag _or ball sound signals may not be heard. Draw to be by d~y or a red hght b)'. mght shall ly display~ on the bndge. . be conspicuous- 45 opened immediately: A white flag by day, a green light by night, swung up and down vertically a hr{b) The signal for the openmg of the dra~ shall number of times in full sight of the vessel. Draw be answered three short blasts ~f a whistle. or cannot be opened immediately or, if open, must be ~om on the bndg<: when t~e operation of operung closed immediately: A red flag by day, a red l~ght ts commenced, or,. •f the bndge cannot be promptly so by night, swung to and fro horizontally in full sight opened, by a senes of not less than four short, of the vessel, to be repeated until acknowledged by s~arp blasts, each of not more than l second dura- the vessel. t10n. (3) Acknowledging signals by the vessel. Vessels _(c) (l~ Except as provided i~ para~aph (cX2) of having signaled for the opening of the draw and this sect10n, the draw shall be lUlIDedtately opened 55 having received a signal that the draw cannot be upon the prescribed signal at any time _between 5 opened immediately or, if open, mu~t be closed a.m. and 9 p.m. for the passage of foreign vessels immediately, shall acknowledge such signal by one and. \"vessels of the United States,\" as defined by long blast followed by one short blast, or by swing- sectton 4311 of the Revised Statutes (46 U.S.C. ing to and fro horizontally a red flag by day or a 251 ). 60 red light by night. . (2) Exception. When a train scheduled to pass (d) Trains, automobiles, trucks, other vehicle:s, bey?nd the bridge without stop has passed the last and vessels shall not be stopped or opera~ed m statioll: nearest the bridge and is in motion toward such manner as to hinder or delay the operation of the bndge, the bridge shall be opened for the ves· the bridges, but all passage over drawspans or

58 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS through draw openings shall be such as to expedite made of the superstructure and appurtenances of both land and water traffic. any craft habitually frequenting these wate'rways (e) A copy of the regulations in this section shall with a view to adjusting any differences of opinion be conspicuously posted on both the upstream and in this regard between the vessel owner and the downstream sides of each bridge in such manner 5 bridge owner. that it can be easily read at any time. §117.160 Harlem River, N.Y.; bridges. (a) The §117.156 Westchester Creek and Bronx River, drawbridges which leave a clear space, between N.Y.; city of New York Bridges at Bruckner Ex· the under sides thereof and the high water of pressway. (a) The owner of or agency controlling spring tides, of 24 feet, shall not be opened except the bridges shall provide the appliances and per- 10 for vessels propelled by steam with or without sonnet necessary for the safe, prompt, and efficient vessels in tow; nor shall they be required to be operation of the draws for the passage of vessels. opened at any times other than between 10:00 a.m. (b) Vessels owned, controlled, or employed by and 5:00 p.m. the U.S. Government, State government, or by mu- (b) To the end that the draws of the bridges nicipal departments shall be passed without delay 15 shall not be required to be opened or operated through the draws of the bridges at any time, day oftener than necessary between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 or night, after giving a signal of four distinct blasts p.m., the pilothouses, flagpoles, and smokestacks of of a horn, whistle, or megaphone. all tugs propelled by steam, with or without vessels (c) All other vessels unable to pass under the in tow, habitually using the river, shall not exceed closed bridges shall be passed through the draws of 20 24 feet in height above the water line or, if exceed- the bridges at any time, day or night, after giving a ing that height, shall be reduced in height or signal of three distinct blasts of a horn, whistle or hinged so that they can conveniently pass un- megaphone, repeated at intervals when necessary derneath the draws when closed. until answered from the bridges, except between 7 (c) Any tug passing the draw of any of the a.m. and 9 a.m. and between 4 p.m. and 6 p.m., 25 bridges as often as once a day for 10 days of any Mondays through Fridays, inclusive. month will be regarded as using the river \"habitu- (d) Upon receiving the signal from the vessel, ally\" and shall conform to paragraph (b) of this the operators of the bridges, in case the draws can section. A failure to comply with such requirement be opened immediately shall reply by three blasts by any tug after one warning by the owner of or of a horn, whistle, or megaphone. In case of ac- 30 agency controlling any of the bridges shall be suffi- cident to the machinery or other contingency cient cause for a refusal to open the draw for the necessitating delay in opening of the draws, the accommodation of such tug until such later time as signal from the vessel shall be answered by the may be convenient to the owner of or agency operators of the bridges by two blasts of a horn, controlling the bridge. whistle, or megaphone. 35 (d) When a steam vessel wishes to pass a bridge (e) Pedestrians and vehicles shall not be stopped within the time prescribed for opening the draw, it on the bridges for the purpose of delaying their shall signify its intention by three blasts of the opening, nor shall watercraft or vessels be so whistle. If the draw is ready to be opened, the manipulated as to hinder or delay the operation of signal shall be answered by three blasts of the the drawspans, but all passage over, through, or 40 whistle from the bridge; if the draw is not ready under the bridges shall be prompt, to prevent delay for opening, the signal shall be answered by two to either land or water traffic. blasts from the bridge. (f) Clearance gages of a type to be approved by (e) The draw shall be opened with the least the Commandant, shall be provided and kept in possible delay upon receiving the prescribed signal good legible condition. Unless otherwise specified, 45 except when such signal is given to a railroad such clearance gages shall consist of two board bridge five minutes or less before the scheduled gages painted white with black figures not less than arrival of an express passenger train. In such case 9 inches high, which shall indicate the headroom the draw need not be opened until after the passage clear~nces under the closed spans at all stages of of the train unless the bridge tender has informa- the ttde. These gages shall be so placed that they 50 tion that the train is delayed as much as five min- will be plainly visible to the operator of a vessel utes. approaching the bri~ges ~ither upst~eam, or do~n- (f) The draw of the low bridge at the mouth of str<:am, and shall be 1ll~11_1~ted at ntght and dun!lg Sp~yten Duyvil Creek shall be opened at all times penods of decreased v1s1b1hty caused by fog, ram, dunng the day and night when approached by or snow. 55 boats desiring to pass it upon receiving the pre- (g) The bridges shall not be required to open for scribed signal. ~raft ca~ying appurtenances unessential to naviga- (g) Vessels owned, controlled, or employed by t1on which extend above the normal superstructure the United States or by the City of New York shall nor. fo~ those vessels regul~rly and habitually be passed without delay through the draw of any nav~gatmg ~he ~aterways which may be or are 60 o~ _the bridges at any time, day or night, after equipped with h1_nged or removable stacks, masts g1vmg a signal of four blasts of the whistle. and flagpoles which can ~ lowered to pass under (h) The draws of the I03rd Street bridge, mile th~ c~osed draws of the ~ndges. l!pon r<:quest, the 0.0, the Macombs Dam bridge, mile 3.2, and the D1stnct Commander, will cause mspectton to be 207th Street bridge, mile 6.0, shall open on signal

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 59 .from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. if at least 6 hours notice is on signal if at least 6 hours notice is given to the given to the New York City Highway Depart- New York City Highway Department's Radio ment's Radio (Hotline) Room. At all other times (Hotline) Room. the draws need not open. The draws of these §117.175 Jamaica Bay and connecting waterways, bridges shall open as soon as possible for the pas- 5 New York. (a) City of New York highway bridge sage of public vessels of the United States and New across Mill Basin on Belt Parkway. On Sundays York City after such vessels have contacted the from May 15 to September 30, inclusive, and on New. York City Highway Department's Radio Memorial Day, Independence Day, and Labor (Hotline) Room. Day, the draw of this bridge shall not be required §117.161 East River, N.Y.; bridge. The draw of 10 to open for the passage of vessels between 12:00 the Roosevelt Island bridge, mile 6.4 shall open on noon and 9:00 p.m. (e.d.s.t.): Provided, That during signal at all times if at least 6 hours notice is given the period from two hours before to one hour after to the New York City Highway Department's the time of predicted high tide for the locality the Radio (Hotline) Room. bridge shall be opened promptly upon proper sig- §117.162 Dutch Kills, N.Y. (a) The draws of the 15 nal for the passage of vessels unable to pass under Hunters Point Avenue and Borden Avenue bridges the bridge: Provided further, That the draw shall shall open on signal if at least six hours notice is be opened promptly at any time for the passage of given to the New York City Highway Depart- vessels owned, controlled or employed by the ment's Radio (Hotline) Room. United States or by the City of New York. NOTE: (b) The draws of the Long Island Railroad 20 For the purpose of the regulations in this part, high bridges shall open on signal if at least six hours tide at the bridge shall be deemed to occur 15 notice is given to the Long Island Railroad Move- minutes later than the time of high tide for Sandy ment Bureau. Hook as given in the tide tables for the United (c) The draws of these bridges shall open as States, published by the National Ocean Survey, soon as possible for passage of public vessels of the 25 Department of Commerce. The time stated in the United States and of the City of New York and tables is eastern standard time and one hour should vessels employed by the Army Corps of Engineers be added thereto to convert to eastern daylight for dredging operations upon notification to the saving time. New York City Highway Department's Radio (b) (Reserved) (Hotline) Room and the Long Island Railroad 30 (c) New York City Department of Transporta- Movement Bureau. tion highway bridge at Jamaica Bay Boulevard and §117.165 Newton Creek, N.Y. (a) [Reserved]. New York City Transit Authority railroad bridge, (b) City of New York highway bridge across both across Jamaica Bay, North Channel (Grassy East Branch at Grand Street. The draw of this Bay). The draws of these bridges need not open for bridge shall be opened promptly, upon signal, for 35 the passage of vessels. the passage of all vessels unable to pass under the (d) Marine Parkway Drawbridge. The draw closed bridge at any time, day or night, except shall open on signal from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday between 6:45 and 7:00 a.m., 7:15 and 7:30 a.m., 7:45 through Friday. At all other times, the draw shall and 8:00 a.m., 4:30 and 4:45 p.m., and 5:00 and 5:15 open on signal if at least 8 hours notice is given, p.m. on. all days other than Sundays and holidays. 4-0 except the dra\":' shall open for th.e U.S. ~~vy ~nd (c) Signals. Whenever a vessel unable to pass National Oceamc and Atmosphenc Ad~1mstratlon under either closed bridge approaches it, the signal vessels, in the event of an emergency, if a 1-hour of its desire for the draw to be opened shall be notice is given. three blasts of a whistle or horn blown on the (e) Requirements for operation of draws. The vessel. This signal shall be repeated at intervals 45 owners of or agencies controlling the bridges shall ~ntil it is answered from the bridge. Upon receiv- provide the appliances and the. personnel. necessary m~ the signal from the vessel, the operator of the for the safe, prompt, and. effic1e~t op~rat1on of the bndge, in case the draw can be opened immediate- draws. Except .as oth_erw1se provided m paragraphs ly, shall reply by three blasts of a whistle or horn, (a) to (d) of this section, t~e dra~s shall be opened or by three loud and distinct strokes of a bell. In 50 promptly when the prescnbed signal for the op~n- case of accident to the machinery or other contin- ing of a draw is received from an approac:hmg ~ency necessitating delay in opening the draw, the vessel which cannot pass under the c~osed bndge. signal from the vessel shall be answered by the (t) Signals-( 1) Call signals for openm& of draw- operator of the bridge by two blasts of a whistle or (i) Sound s~gnals. By vessels of the_ t?mted States horn or by two loud and distinct strokes of a bell. 55 or of the City of New York, four distmct blasts of §117.166 Gowanus Canal, N.Y.; bridges. (a) The a whistle, horn, or megaphone, or four loud and draws of the Hamilton Avenue bridge at mile 1.2 distinct strokes of a bell, and. by all other vessels, ~h~stle, and the Ninth Street bridge at mile 1.4 shall open three distinct blasts of a d1stm~t sthro~rkne,s or mega- on signal at all times. phone, or three loud and of a bell, (b) The draws of the Third Street bridge at mile 60 sounded within reasonable heanng distance of the 1.8'. the Carroll Street bridge at mile 2.0, an~ the bri~.ge. . . To be u~~d . .. Uruon Street bridge at mile 2.1 shall open on signal (u) Visual .signals. m conjunction at all times from 1 October through 30 April. From with sound signals when cond1t1ons are_ such that 1 May through 30 September the draw shall open sound signals may not be heard. A white flag by 362·885 0 - 82 - 5 : QL 3

60 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS day, a white light by night, swung in full circl~ at legible condition clearance gauges on both th~ up- arm's length in full sight of the bridge and facing stream and downstream sides of the bridge painted the draw. white, with black figures not less than eight inches high, to indicate the minimum clearances under the (2) Acknowledging signals by the bridge o~ra- tor-(i) Sound signals. Draw to be opened im- 5 closed draw at any stage of the tide. The clearance mediately: Same as call signal. Draw cannot be gauges shall be placed on each bridge or appur- opened immediately or, if open, must be cl~sed tenances thereto in a way that they are plainly immediately: Two long distinct blasts of a whistle, visible to the operator of a vessel approaching the horn, or megaphone, or two loud and distinct bridge, either upstream or downstream. strokes of a bell, to be repeated at regular intervals 10 (e) A copy of the regulations pertaining to each until acknowledged by the vessel. bridge in this section shall be posted on each (ii) Visual signals. To be used in conjunction bridge or appurtenances thereto on both the up- with sound signals when conditions are such that stream and downstream sides in such a manner that sound signals may not be heard. Draw to be it can be easily read at any time. This copy shall opened immediately: A white flag by day, a green 15 state how the authorized representative may be light by night, swung up and down vertically a contacted if constant attendance is not required. number of times in full sight of the vessel. Draw (f) Public vessels of the United States, vessels cannot be opened immediately or, if open, must be used by state or local governments for public safe- closed immediately: A red flag by day, a red light ty or vessels in distress shall be passed through the by night, swung to and fro horizontally in full sight 20 draws as soon as possible after vehicular traffic has of the vessel, to be repeated until acknowledged by been cleared from the drawspan. the vessel. (g) The time specified in these regulations is (3) Acknowledging signals by the vessel. Vessels local time. having signaled for the opening of the draw and (h) Signals-(1) Call signals for opening of having received a signal that the draw cannot be 25 draw-(i) Sound signals. Public vessels of the opened immediately or, if open, must be closed United States, state or local vessels used for public immediately, shall acknowledge such signal by one safety or vessels in distress, shall sound four dis- long blast followed by one short blast, or by swing- tinct blasts of a whistle, horn, or four loud and ing to and fro horizontally a red flag by day or a distinct strokes of a bell or individuals on the vessel red light by night. 30 shall shout within reasonable distance of the (g) Land and water traffic. Trains, automobiles, bridge. All other vessels shall sound three distinct trucks, other vehicles, and vessels shall not be blasts of a whistle, horn, or three loud and distinct stopped or operated in such manner as to hinder or strokes of a bell or individuals on the vessel shall delay the operation of the bridges, but all passage shout within reasonable distance of the bridge. over drawspans or through draw openings shall be 35 (ii) Visual signals. Visual signals may be used in such as to expedite both land and water traffic. conjunction with sound signals when conditions are (h) Posting of regulations. A copy of the regula- such that sound signals may not be heard. The tions in this section shall be conspicuously. posted signal is a white flag by day, and a white light by on bot~ the. upstream and down~tream sides .of ~ight, swung i~ full circles at arm's length in full each bndge 1!1 such manner that it can be eastly 40 sight of the bndge and facing the draw. read at any time. (2) Acknowledging signals by the bridge opera- §117.180 Long Island, New York Inland Water- tor-(i) Sound signals. When the draw is to be way from East Rockaway Inlet to S~ecock ~' open~d immediately, the signal is the same as the bridges•.(a) The owne~ of or agencies controlhng call .signal. When the draw cannot be opened im- these bndges shall provide ~he necessary draw ten- 45 medi~tely, or, if open, must be closed immediately, ders ~d the proper machmery for safe, prompt the signal is two long distinct blasts of a whistle or operation of the draws. bridge for ~hich. specific horn or two loud and distinct strokes of a bell to (b) '!he draw ?f any be repeated at regular intervals until acknowledged operating regulations are not prescnbed m para- by the vessel. graphs (i), fj), (k), ~). and (m) of this section shall so (i9 Visual signals. Visual signals may be used in open promptly. on signal. However, no dr~w need conjunction with sound signals when conditions are open .for a satbng vessel unless ~he vessel ts un~er such that sound signals may not be heard. When machinery power or under tow if such ~ opening the d~aw is to be opened immediately, the signal is would unduly delay other vessel or vehicular traf- a white flag by day; and a green light by night fie. . . 55 swung up and down vertically a number of times ~c) The owners of or. agencies C?ntrolbng these in full sight of the vessel. When the draw cannot bndges s~all not pertmt automobtles, trucks, ?r ~ ope~ed immediately or, if open, must be closed other vehicles and vesse!s to stop or operate m imm~dtately, ~he signal is a red flag by day, and a s~ch a manner so as to hinder or delay the opera- red hght by mght, swung to and fro horizontally in tion of the draws. ~l passages over drawspans or 60 full sight of the vessel to be repeated until ac- through draw opening shall be such as to expedite knowledged by the v~l. . both land and water traffic. . . (3) Acknowledging signals by the vessel. vessels (d) The <;>wners of or agc:ncies controlll!lg each hav~g sign~led for the opening of the draw and of these bndges shall provide and keep m good havmg received a signal that the draw cannot be

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 61 opened immediately or, if open, must be closed ~tate Boat Channel at Captree Island shall open on immediately, shall acknowledge such signal by one signal every three hours beginning at 3:00 a.m. if at long blast followed by one short blast, or by swing- least one-half hour advance notice is given to the ing to and fro horizontally a red flag by day or a Jones Beach State Park. red light by night. 5 (4) Notice may be given from the telephone lo- (i) Atlantic Beach Bridge across Reynolds Chan- cated at the moorings on each side of each bridge nel. (1) From October 1 through May 14 the draw or by marine radiotelephone. shall open on signal at any time. (m) Bridges at Smith Point across Narrow Bay, (2) From May 15 through September 30 the Potunk Point across Quantuck Canal, Beach Lane draw shall open on signal except during the follow- 10 across Quantuck Canal, Quoque across Quoque ing periods it need open only on the hour and half- Canal and Ponquoque Point across Shinnecock hour: Bay. (1) The draws shall be open on signal from (i) From 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. on weekdays; 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. from October 1 through and April 30 and from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. from (ii) From 11:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. on Saturdays, 15 May 1 through September 30. Sundays, Memorial Day, Independence Day and (2) At all other times during these periods the Labor Day. draws shall open as soon as possible but no longer (3) From May 15 through September 30 the than one hour after a request to open is received. draw shall open on signal at any time from two §117.185 Hudson River, N.Y.; bridges at Albany hours before to one hour after predicted high tide 20 and Troy. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (h) (predicted high tide for this bridge shall be 10 of this section, the draws of each of the bridges minutes earlier than that predicted for Sandy Hook shall be opened promptly when the prescribed sig- as given in the tide tables for the United States nal for the opening of the draw is received from an published by the National Oceanic and Atmospher- approaching vessel which cannot pass under the ic Administration). 25 closed draw. (j) Long Beach Bridge across Reynolds Channel. (b) The draw of any bridge shall not be required The draw shall open on signal except: to remain open for the passage of vessels for a (1) From midnight to 7 a.m. the draw need open period longer, consecutively, than 15 minutes. only if at least four hours notice is given; and Upon being closed it may remain closed for a time (2) From 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. on Memorial Day, 30 sufficient to allow delayed land traffic to pass, but Independence Day, Labor Day and Saturdays and in no case for a period longer, consecutively, than Sundays from May 15 through September 30, the IO minutes if a vessel desires to pass, unless at the draw need open only on the hour and half-hour. expiration of such period a train in motion having (k) Loop Parkway Bridge across Long Creek. passed the derailing point is approaching the draw, (1) The draw shall open on signal every other 35 which train shall be permitted to pass before open- hour on the even hour except that on Saturdays, ing of the draw: Provided, That no train shall be Sundays, and Federal holidays during the period stopped on the bridge between the derailing points from April 1 through October 31 the draw shall except in a case of great emergency, after which open on signal every three hours beginning at 3:00 the draw shall be oP<:ned promptly for any ve.ss~I a.m. 40 desiring to pass: Provided further, That these hmi- (2) If an opening is desired at other than a tations shall not apply to any vessel of more than scheduled time, the opening may be requested via 500 tons burden, to any tug with a tow on a haw- the telephone located on either side of the bridge ser, to single tows which require longer than 15 or via marine radiotelephone. minutes to pass through the draw, or to vessels (1) Bridges at Meadowbrook State Parkway 45 downbound during .a freshet whose hei~ht. exceeds across Sloop Channel, Wantagh State Parkway an elevation determmed upon by the D1stnct Com- across Goose Creek, and Captree State Parkway mander. across State Boat Channel at Captree Island. (c) The length of time that a dra.w has been (l) Except as provided in paragraph (1) (2) and (3) opened shall ~e computed fr?m the ~1me that the of this section, the draw of these bridges shall open so drawspan begms to move m openmg, and the on signal every other hour on the even hour if at length of time that a ~raw has been closed shall be least one-half hour advance notice is given to the computed from the time that the drawspan ceases Jones Beach State Park. to move in closing. (d) Vessels with tows shall not so. approac~ a (2) On Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays from April 1 through October 31 the draw of the 55 br}dge ~ to attempt to pass the draw i~ succession Meadowbrook State Parkway Bridge across Sloop without mterval. They ~hall ~range their approach Channel shall open on signal every three hours so as to cause no delay m closmg the draw prompt- beginning at 1:30 a.m. if at least one-half hour ly for the relief of Ian~ traffic. . advance notice is given to the Jones Beach State (e) The draw of a bndge shall not be reqm.red to Park. 60 be opened for the passage of vess_els habitually ~mtachkes1•. ~Jhatckabsotavffes, (3) On Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays using the river which have otherwise capable or from April 1 through October 31 the draws of the feet the fwlaatgest~afflsineexacnede.diwnghic2h1 are of Wantagh State Parkway Bridge across Goose Creek, and Captree State Parkway Bridge across cleanng the bndge when closed. If such vessels

62 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS wish to pass the bridge the stacks, jack staffs, or unless notice has been given 24 hours in advance of flagstaffs must be so erected that they may be low- the time a vessel may be expected to pass throhgh. ered to permit the passage under the bridge. Any (4) (Reserved) tug or vessel passing the draw of a bridge as often (5) (Reserved) as once a day for 10 consecutive days of any 5 (6) Troy-Green Island Bridge. The draw need month shall be regarded as using the river habitual- not be opened for the passage of vessels during the ly within the meaning of this paragraph. A failure period from December 16 to March 31 of each to comply with such requirement by any tug or year. From April 1 to December 15 inclusive, of vessel after one warning by the owner of or agen- each year, openings will be made for the passage of cy controlling any of the bridges shall be sufficient IO vessels except during the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 cause for a refusal to open the draw for the accom- a.m. and 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.: Provided, That the modation of such tug or vessel until such later time draw need not be opened between 6:00 p.m. and as may be convenient to the owner of or agency 7:00 a.m. unless notice has been given before 4:30 controlling the bridge. p.m. of the time a vessel may be expected to pass (t) Vessels which are owned or controlled by 15 through. the United States or by the police or fire depart- (7) 112th Street Bridge. The draw need not be ments of any of the neighboring cities or villages opened for the passage of vessels during the period shall be passed without delay through the draws of that the Federal Lock at Troy is inoperative: Pro- any of the bridges on identification of such vessels. vided, That provision is made for emergency (g) Signals-(1) Call signals for opening of draw. 20 operation of the bridge with the least possible By vessels bound north: Three long blasts of the delay upon receipt of oral or written notice. Dur- whistle or horn. By vessels bound south: Three ing the balance of the year, the bridge shall be long blasts followed by one short blast of the whis- opened for the passage of vessels except during the tie or horn. If a vessel desires to pass through more hours of 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. to than one bridge the call signal shall be repeated for 25 6:00 p.m.: Provided, That the draw need not be each bridge. Private signals of towing or steamboat opened between 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. unless no- companies which may be mistaken by a bridge tice has been given before 4:30 p.m. of the time a tender for call signals shall not be used. vessel may be expected to pass through. (2) Acknowledging signals by the bridge opera- NOTE: The time specified in all cases is eastern tor-(i) All bridges. If the draw is to be opened, 30 daylight saving or eastern standard time, whichev- three long blasts of a whistle or horn. If the draw er is in force. cannot be opened in time for the vessel to pass §117.190 Navigable waters in the State of New through safely, five short blasts of a whistle or York and their tributaries; bridges where constant horn. Additional visible signals to be displayed by 35 attendance of draw tenders is not required. (a) The (ii) owners of or agencies controlling the bridges listed the bridges at Albany. The day signal shall be in paragraph (t) of this section will not be required displayed at least 15 feet above the fixed day signal to keep draw tenders in constant attendance. at the middle point of the drawspan and so as to be (b) Whenever a vessel unable to pass under a visible from both sides of the bridge. The night 40 closed bridge desires to pass through the draw, signal shall be displayed at least 15 feet above the advance notice, as specified, of the time the open- fixed light at the center of the draw. The \"fixed\" ing is required shall be given to the authorized signals referred to are those required by the regula- representative of the owner of or agency control- tions for lighting bridges prescribed by the United ling the bridge. Sta~ Coast GlJa!d (see Part 118 of th~s. title~. By 45 (c~ Upon receipt of such advance notice, the au- day, if the draw is to be opened, the vlSlble signal thonzed representative of the owner of or agency s~all be a roun~ ball not less t~an three f~et in controlling the bridge, in compliance therewith, diameter and pamt~ ~reen~ and if the draw IS _not shall arrange for the prompt opening of the draw to be opened, the v1s1ble signal shall be a lattice- at the time specified in the notice for the passage of work barrel-shaped sign five feet six inches high the vessel. !'fld four fee~ in diameter and paint~ red.. By night, 50 (d) The owners of or agencies controlling the if the draw !S to be opened, the visib~e signal shall bridges shall keep conspicuously posted on both be a green hght from a standard manne lamp, and the upstream and downstream sides thereof: in such if the draw is ~ot to be opened, the visi~le signal manner that it can easily be read at any' time, a shall be a red hght from ~ standard .man~e lamp. 55 ~PY of the regulations in this section together (h) The general !egul~t10ns con~ned .m para- ~1th a n?tice .stating exactly how the representa- graphs (a) to ~). mclus1ve, of th~s section sh~l bve specified m paragraph (b) of this section may apply to all bndges except as modified by special be reached. regulations contained in this paragraph. (e) The operating machinery of the draws shall (1) (Reserved) 60 be maintained in a serviceable condition, and the (2) (Reserved) .. draws shall be opened and closed at intervals fre- 9uent enough to make certain that the machinery is (3) New York Central Freight Bndge. The draw ~eed not be. opened for the passage of vessels dur- m proper or_der for satisfactory operation. mg the penod from December 16 to March 31, (t) The bndges to which this section applies, and

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 63 the regulations applicable in each case, are as fol- saic River. From 8 a.m. to midnight, the draw shall lows: open on signal. From midnight to 8 a.m., the draw (1) The draws of the following bridges need not s~all open on signal if at least 6 hours notice is open for the passage of vessels and the provisions given. of paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section shall 5 (iv) Route 3 bridge, Rutherford, mile 11.8, Pas- not apply to these bridges. saic River. The draws shall open on signal if at (i) Arm of Eastchester Bay, City of New York least 6 hours notice is given. highway bridge between Rodman Neck and City (v) State Route 46 bridge, Little Ferry, mile Island. 14.0, Hackensack River. The draw shall open on (ii) Bronx River, City of New York highway 10 signal if at least 6 hours notice is given. bridge at Westchester Avenue. (vi) Court Street Bridge, Hackensack, mile 16.2, (iii) Bronx River, Penn Central railroad bridge Hackensack River. From 8 a.m. to midnight, the north of Westchester Avenue. draw shall open on signal if at least 2 hours notice (iv) Flushing Creek; Whitestone Parkway Bridge is given. From midnight to 8 a.m., the draw shall and the City of New York highway and rapid 15 open on signal if at least 6 hours notice is given. transit bridge at Roosevelt Avenue. (vii) Conrail and New York, Susquehanna and (v) Coney Island Creek; City of New York high- Western Railroad Company drawbridges, mile 0.0, way bridges at Harway (Cropsey) Avenue and at Overpeck Creek. The draws of each bridge shall Stillwell A venue and New York City Transit open on signal if at least 24 hours notice is given. Authority bridge near Stillwell Avenue. 20 (5) The draws of the following bridges need not (vi) Richmond Creek; City of New York high- open for the passage of vessels: way bridge at Richmond Avenue, Staten Island. (i) Gregory Avenue Bridge, Passaic, mile 14.0, (vii) Peekskill (Annsville) Creek, Penn Central Passaic River. railroad bridge near Peekskill, New York. (ii) Second Street Bridge, Passaic, mile 14.7, Pas- (viii) Hudson River; State of New York high- 25 saic River. way (Troy-Menands) bridge between Albany and (iii) West Eighth Street Bridge, Passaic, mile Rensselaer Counties. 15.3, Passaic River. (2) Wappinger Creek, N.Y.; Conrail railroad (iv) New York, Susquehanna and Western Rail- bridge at New Hamburg. The draw shall open on road Company Bridge (Bogota), Hackensack, mile signal from May 15 through October 15 if at least 30 16.3, Hackensack River. eight hours notice is given and from October 16 (v) Midtown Bridge, Hackensack, mile 16.5, through May 14 if at least 24 hours notice is given. Hackensack River. §117.200 Newark Bay, Passaic and Hackensack (b) Public vessels of the United States and ves- Rivers, N.J., and their navigable tnoutaries; bridges. sels owned or operated by State, county or local (a) The draws of each bridge shall open promptly 35 governments when being used for public safety on signal except that: purposes and vessels in distress shall be passed (1) The draws of Amtrak's Dock bridge, mile through the draw without delay. The opening sig- 5.0, Passaic River, and Amtrak's Portal Bridge, nal from these vessels is four or more short blasts mile 5.0, Hackensack River, need not open from of a whistle or horn or a radio request. 7:20 a.m. to 9:20 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. to 6:50 p.m., 40 (c) Vessels shall not be maneuvered so as to Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. hinder or delay the closure of the dra~span. All (2) The draws of Conrail's Morristown Line passages over, through or under the bndges, shall Bridge, mile 5.8, Passaic River, need not open from be accomplished as rapidly as practicable to mini- 7:23 to 9 a.m. and 4:30 to 6:50 p.m., Monday mize delays to both land and water traffic. Except through Friday, except Federal holidays. 45 as provided in paragraph (a) of this section, trains (3) In addition to the closed periods permitted and locomotives shall be controlled so that any under paragraph (aXl) of this section, an opening delay ~n opening the d~awspan_ shall ~ot exceed of Amtrak's Portal and Dock Bridges may be de- five mmutes. However, tf a tram mo_vmg toward layed no more than 10 minutes unless the draw- the bridge has crossed the home signal of the tender and the vessel, communicating by radiotele- 50 bridge before the signal requesting opening of the bridge is given, the train ma~ continue across .the phone, agree to a longer delay. ~4) The opening of the draws of the following bridge ~d must clear the ~ndge befo~e stopp.mg. (d) Bndges that have ra~totelep~one mstallations bndges may be delayed as specified: (i) Route 280 (Stickel Memorial) Bridge, mile shall monitor and commumcate with vessels on the 5.8, Passaic River. The draw shall open on signal if 55 radiotelephone frequency of 156.650 megahertz at least 8 hours notice is given. In an emergency VHF-FM (Chann~l 13) or such o.ther channels as the draw shall open as soon as possible but not the FCC may designate..Each ra_diotelephone .sh~l more than 2 hours after the opening request. be operated fr<?m the bndge or m cl<?se proX1m:1ty to it. Sou~d signals troad~1e0qtueelespthaonebsndarg~e (ii) Conrail Bridge (West Arlington), mile 8.0, 60 may be omitted when opemng Passaic River. From 7 a.m. to 11 p.m., the draw used and shall open on signal if at least 8 hours notice is communications between the map~peroa~cdhmagckvneoswsel-l given. From 11 p.m. to 7 a.m., the draw need not aendgdetdh.eIdf rraawditeontedleer~hhoanvee been open. commurucattons are u_sed (iii) Conrail Bridge (Lyndhurst), mile 11.7, Pas- to request an opening, rad10telephone communtca-

64 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS tions shall be maintained until the vessel has com- Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. 20593. If fhe pleted passage through the draw. If radiotelepho.ne Commandant rules that the appurtenances are unes- communications cannot be maintained, sound stg- sential to navigation or could be lowered, the Dis- nals shall be used. Early coordination by radiotele- trict Commander again specifies to the vessel phone is encouraged to minimize delays to vessels, 5 owner a reasonable time for making the alterations. trains, and other vehicles. (4) If the alterations have not been made after (e) The opening signal is one prolonged blast of the expiration of the time specified, the owner of four to six seconds followed immediately by one or agency controlling the drawbridge is advised by short blast of one to two seconds. The drawtender the District Commander that the bridge need not shall immediately acknowledge the opening signal 10 open for the passage of the vessel unless it is in by one long and one short blast if the drawspan is distress, has in tow a vessel unable to pass under to open immediately, and four or more short blasts the closed draw, or by reasons of stress of weather if the drawspan will not open or is open and must it is unsafe to lower the appurtenances. close for an emergency. As soon as the drawspan (h) The owners of or agencies controlling these can be opened, the drawtender shall sound the 15 bridges shall provide the necessary tenders and me- opening signal and open the drawspan for any ves- chanical, electrical, and signal equipment for the sel waiting to pass. . safe, prompt, and efficient opening of the draws. (f) The owner. of or agen~y controlb~g each (i) The District Commander may require that b~~ge shall provide and keep_ ~ good, legible con- signs giving notice of specified provisions of this dttton clearance .gauges '?onsts~mg of at least two 20 section be posted on both the upstream and down- board gauges pamted ~bite. wt!h ~lack figures !lot stream sides of a bridge so that they can be easily less than 12 mches high, md1catmg the vertical read at any time. c:learance under the closed. span_ at all stag~ of the §117.210 Raritan River and Arthur Kill, and their tide_. The gau~es shall be 1llummated at mght and navigable tributaries; bridges. (a) All drawbridges dui:ing f~g! ram and snow. These ~auges shal~ be 25 spanning Raritan River and Arthur Kill, and their plainly. VIS1ble. to ~ vessel approaching the bndge navigable tributaries, shall be opened promptly drrect1~n~ from either dr~wbndges shall not be . upon signal, for the passage of vessels during the (g) The reqwred . to day or night, except as prescribed in paragraph (b) open to provide clear~ce for ~ v~sel carrymg of this section. appurtenances _unessentt~ t<;> navt~ation or appur- 30 (b) During the hours between 7:30 and 10 a.m. tenances ~n?W to navtga~ton which D?-ay be low- and between 5 and 7:30 p.m. drawbridges shall not ered by hmgmg, telescopmg, collapsmg, or . by be required to remain open longer than 10 minutes some other means, so that the vessel reqmres . ted ~ema.m clearances only for its highest fixed and essentially n~r be pernut to closed longer t~an 10 unalterable point. Appurtenances unessential to 35 mmutes_ to the_ exclusion of vessels approachin~ for navigation include, but are not limited to canvas passage. Provided, . That the dra:w of any bndge tops, ftshing outriggers, radio or television anten- used solely. for United States mail, passenger, and nae, false stacks, cargo handling booms and masts expr~s tr~ns need not be ope~ed for a vessel purely for ornamental purposes; they do not in- reachmg said. draw less than 5 ~mut~ before t~e scheduled arnval of _any such tram, unt~ such tram elude radar antennae, flying bridges, sailboat masts, 40 p~ses~ unless the bndge tender ~ notice that. the piledriver leads, spud frames or hydraulic dredges, drilling derricks, derrick substructures, cranes on tram ts delayed more than 5 _mmutes: .Provided drilling or construction vessels, or other items of fu~her, That the. o\\\\'.ners of bndges actmg_ under permanent and fixed equipment clearly necessary this rule shall_ m~mtam a tug at the drawbndge to to the intended use of the vessel. Before a draw- 45 control and rud m the passage of vessels. tender may refuse to open, the following proce- (c) When a vessel approaches within signaling dures must be followed: distance of a bridge for passage, the master thereof (1) The owner of or agency controlling the shall signify his intention by three blasts of a whis- drawbridge shall report to the District Commander tie or horn. ~e signal shall be answered by three the names of any vessels habitually requesting so blasts of a whistle or horn from the bridge unless, bridge .oix;nings to clear appurtenances unessential ~d~r para~raph (b) of this section a delay in open- to navigation or ones that could be lowered. mg is permitted, when the answer from the bridge (2) The District Commander may inspect a ves- will be two blasts of whistle or horn, and the tug sel so reported to decide whether or not the appur- stationed at the draw shall immediately go to the tenances are essential to navigation or are ones that ss assistance of the vessel. ~uld be lowered. If the District Commande~ de- (~) Upon hearing or perceiving the signals pre- c1dc:s ~t a vessel has a}?purtenances unessential to scnbed, the tenders or operators of a drawbridge, navtgatton or t~at ~ttal appurtenan.ces could be except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section lowered, the District Commander notifies the ves- shall at once open the drawspans of the bridge for ~l owner of _the decision, specifying .a reasonable 60 ~e prompt passage of any vessel or craft: Pro- tohwenneercmesasya,ryw~it«h:irnati3o~nsd.ays tim(3e~ for making after tvhtdere~d, .That the bridge may not be opened when The vessel 1s a train, wagon, or vehicle at the time receipt <;'~ the. requc:s! to perform alterations, appeal passmg over said drawspan, or a train approaching the decwon m wnting to the Commandant, U.S. so closely that it cannot be safely stopped before

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 65 reaching the bridge, but it shall be opened as soon the vessel, to be repeated until acknowledged by as the drawspan may be cleared. the vessel. (e) Wagons, vehicles, and trains shall not be (3) Acknowledging signals by the vessel. Vessels stopped on a drawbridge or on a drawspan for the or other water craft having signaled for the open- purpose of delaying the operation of the draw- 5 ing of the draw and having received a signal that bridge, nor shall watercraft or vessels be so the draw cannot be opened immediately, or if open manipulated as to hinder or delay the operation of must be closed immediately, shall acknowledge the drawspan, but all passage upon, through, or said signal by one long blast followed by a short under a drawbridge shall be prompt, to prevent blast, or by swinging to and fro horizontally a red delay to either land or water communication. 10 flag by day and a red light by night. (f) Paragraphs (a) to (e) of this section apply (d) Trains, automobiles, trucks, and other vehi- only to commercial or pleasure vessels. Steamers cles, vessels or other water craft shall not be or vessels employed or controlled by the United stopped or manipulated in a manner hindering or States Government or by municipal departments delaying the operation of these drawbridges, but all shall be passed without delay through the draws of 15 passage over drawspans or through draw openings said bridges at any hour of the day or night upon shall be so as to expedite both land and water giving four blasts of the whistle. traffic. (g) Rahway River, mile 2.0, Central Railroad (e) The owners of or agencies controlling these Company of New Jersey. The draw shall open on bridges shall provide and keep in good legible con- signal from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m., April 1 through 20 dition two board gages painted white, with black November 30. At all other times the draw shall figures not less than 8 inches high, to indicate the open on signal if at least 4 hours notice is given. headroom clearance under the closed drawspan at §117.215 Navigable streams flowing into Raritan all stages of the tide. The gages shall be so placed Bay (except Raritan Rher and Arthur Kill), the on the bridge that they will be plainly visible to the Shrewsbury River and its tributaries, and all inlets 25 operator of the vessel approaching the bridge ei- on the Atlantic Ocean including their tributaries and ther up or downstream. canals between Sandy Hook and Bay Head, N.J.; (f) These drawbridges shall not be required to bridges. open for craft carrying appurtenances unessential (a) The owners of or agencies controlling draw- for navigation which extend above the normal su- bridges shall provide the appliances and the per- 30 perstructure. Military masts shall be considered as sonnel necessary for the safe, prompt and efficient part of the normal superstructure. Upon request, operation of the draws. the District Commander in charge of the locality (b) Drawbridges shall be opened promptly for will cause inspection to be made of the superstruc- the passage of any vessel or other watercraft una- ture and appurtenances of any craft habitually ble to pass under the closed spans, except as here- 35 frequenting those waterways, with a view to ad- inafter provided. justing any differences of opinion in this matter (c) Signals-(i) Call signals for opening of draw. between the vessel owner and the bridge owner. (i) Sound Signal. Three distinct blasts of a whistle, (g) Copies of the regulations in this section shall horn or megaphone, or three loud and distinct be conspicuously posted on both the upstream and strokes of a bell, sounded within a reasonable hear- 40 downstream sides of the bridges in such manner ing distance of the bridge. that it can be easily read at any time. (ii) Visual signal. To be used in conjunction with (h) [Reserved] Q) [Reserved] S?und signals when conditions are such that sound . .. (j) The general reg~lations c~:mtatn~d 10 para- signals cannot be heard. A white flag by day, a white light by night, swung in full circles at arm's 45 graphs (a) to (g), inclusiv_e, of this sect10~ apply to length in full sight of the bridge and facing the all bridges except as modified by the special regula- draw. tions contained in this paragraph. (1) Lerno~ Creek, N.X.; the City of New York (2) Acknowledging signals by bridge operator- (i) Sound signals. Draw to be opened immediately: highway bndge at Bayview Avenue, Borough of Same as call signal. Draw cannot be opened im- 50 Richmond, Staten Island, New York. The draw mediately, or, if open, must be closed immediately: need not be opened for the passage of vessels be- Two long distinct blasts of a whistle, horn or meg- tween the hours of 4:00 P·~· an~ 8:00 a.m. from aphone, or two loud and distinct strokes of a bell, November l, to March 31, mclus1ve, and bet\"\".een to be repeated at regular intervals until acknowl- the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. from Apnl 1, 55 to May 15, _inclu~ive, and from October 16, to edged by the vessel. (ii) Visual signals. To be used in conjunction October 31, m_clus1ve. . (2) Shark River, N.~. (See Coast Pilot. 3.) with sound signals when conditions are such that sound signals cannot be heard. Draw to be opened (2-a) Shrewsbury River, Route 36 bndge .near immediately: A white flag by day or a green light Highland Beach. The dr8:w shall open on signal at night swung up and down vertically a number of 60 except that from Memonal Day t~rough Labor times in full sight of the vessel. Draw cannot be Day on 7Saptu.mrd.,aytsh,eSdurn~dawysn,eeadndohpoehndoaynslyfr.o~mn 10 !lpened immediately, or, if open, must be closed a.m. to the unmediately: A red flag by day, a red light by hour and one half hour tf any vessels are waitmg to night, swung to and fro horizontally in full sight of pass.

66 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS (3) Shrewsbury River (South Branch), N.J. draws shall be opened and closed at intervals fre- (i) Monmouth County bridge between the Bor- quent enough to make c_ertain that the ~achinerY, is oughs of Rumson and Sea Bright. From May 15 to in proper order for satisfactory operation. September 30, inclusive, of each year, on Satur- (f) The bridges to which this section applies, and days, Sundays, Memorial Day, Independence Day, 5 the regulations applicable in each case, are as fol- and Labor Day, between the hours of 11 a.m., lows: e.d.s.t., and 7 p.m., e.d.s.t., openings of the draw (1) Revoked. shall be made only if necessary, every half-hour on (2) Revoked. the hour and half-hour. (3) Elizabeth River. (i) Central Railroad Com- (ii) The draw shall not be opened for a sailboat 10 pany of New Jersey bridge and Union County unless it is propelled by auxiliary power or is bridges at Baltic Street, Summer Street, South towed by a powered vessel. Street, and Bridge Street in the city of Elizabeth. (4) New Jersey Route 35 drawbridge across The draws need not open for the passage of vessels Cheesequake Creek at Morgan, South Amboy, N.J. and paragraphs (b) t~rough (e) of this section do The draw shall open on signal ~xcept: 15 not..appl)'.' to these bnd~es. . (i) From 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. dunng the months of (n) Umon County bndge at South Fmt Street, December, January, February and March the draw city of Elizabeth. The draws shall open on signal if need not open to navigation; and at least 3 hours' advance notice has been given. (ii) From 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. daily from May 15 (iii) Union County bridge at South Front Street, through October 15 the draw need be opened only 20 city of Elizabeth. From 7 a.m. to 12 midnight, the on the hour. draw shall open on signal. From 12 midnight to 7 (5) Debbies Creek, Manasquan, N.J. (See Coast a.m., the draw shall open on signal if at least 3 Pilot 3.) hours' advance notice has been given. (6) New York and Long Branch railroad bridge .(4) (Reserved) across Cheesequake Creek. The draw shall open on 25 (5) Woodbridge Creek; Middlesex County high- signal except at the following times the draw shall way bridge and The Central Railroad Company of open on signal only if at least four hours notice is New Jersey bridge at Maurer. At least four hours' given: advance notice required. (i) 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. from January l through (6) Manasquan River, Brielle, N.J. (See Coast March 31. 30 Pilot 3.) (ii) 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. Monday through Thursday (6-a) Ship Channel, Great Egg Harbor, N.J. and midnight Sunday to 6 a.m. Monday from April (See Coast Pilot 3.) I through April 30 and November 1 through No- (7) Oceanport Creek; The New York and Long vember 30. Branch Railroad Company bridge near Oceanport. (iii) 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. from December 1 through 35 At least four hours' advance notice required. December 31. §117.225 Navigable waters in the State of New Part 127-Security Zones Jersey; bridges where constant attendance of draw Subpart A-General tenders is not required. (a) The owners of or agen- §127.01 Purpose of part. The purpose of this part cies controlling the bridges listed in paragraph (f) 40 is to: of this s_ection will not be required to keep draw (a) List security zones; tenders m constant attendance. (b) Prescribe regulations applicable to security (b) Whenever a vessel unable to pass under a zones; and closed bridge desires to pass through the draw, (c) Prescribe the procedures for establishing se- advance notice, as specified, of the time the open- 45 curity zones. ing is req';llred shall be given to the authorized §127.05 Definitions. As used in this part: ~epresentatt.ve of the owner of or agency control- (a) \"Captain of the Port\" means the Comman- ling the bndge. . . dant, District Commander, or Captain of the Port, (c) Upon receipt of such advance notice, the au- as defined in 33 CPR 6.01-3 or his designated thorized representative of the owner of or agency so representative. ' controlling the bridge, in compl~ce therewith, (b) \"Security zone\" means an area of land, water shall ~ange f~r the. prompt ?pemng of the draw or land and water designated as a security zone by at the time specified m the notice for the passage of the Captain of the Port. the~d)veTssheel. owners of . . the 55 §127.10 Purpose of a security mne. The purpose or .agencies controllmg of a security zone is to safeguard from destruction, '.lklledepdowconn~stpriecaumous~ildyes posted o~ bndges shall thereof, m both loss, or injury from sabotage or other subversive the upstream such acts, accidents, or other causes of similar nature: manner that 1t can easily be read at any time, a (a) Vessels (b) Harbo~ copy of the regulations in this section together with a notice stating exactly how the representa- 60 (c) Ports ~d tive specified in paragraph (b) of this section may ~(dte)f!Witoatreyrl\"arnodnt facilities in the United States and water, d,ntinental or insular, that be(er)ea!chhee.do. ~ttn. g . t~e. IJW?hinery of draws shall 1s subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. be mamtained m a servtceable condition, and the §127.15 General security zone regulations.

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 67 Unless otherwise provided in the special regula- 74°02'57.2\"W. longitude; thence to 40°25'27.3\"N. tions in Subpart B of this part: latitude, 74°03'41 \"W. longitude; thence along the (a) No person or vessel may enter or remain in a shoreline to the beginning point. security zone without the permission of the Captain (b) Terminal Channel: The waters within the fol- of the Port; 5 lowing boundary is a security zone: A line begin- (b) Each person and vessel in a security zone ning at 40°27'41.2\"N. latitude, 74°02'46\"W. lon- shall obey any direction or order of the Captain of gitude; thence to 40°28'27\"N. latitude, the Port; 74°02'17.2\"W. longitude; thence to 40°28'21.l\"N. (c) The Captain of the Port may take possession latitude, 74°02'00\"W. longitude; thence to and control of any vessel in a security zone; 10 40°28'07.S\"N. latitude, 74°02'22 \"W. longitude; (d) The Captain of the Port may remove any thence to 40°27'39.S\"N. latitude, 74°02'41.4\"W. lon- person, vessel, article, or thing from a security gitude; thence to the beginning. zone; (c) The following rules apply to the security (e) No person may board or take or place any zone established in paragraph (b) of this section article or thing on board any vessel in a security 15 (Terminal Channel), instead of §127.lS(a) (37 F.R. zone without the permission of the Captain of the 10801): Port; and (1) No vessel may anchor, stop, remain, or drift (f) No person may take or place any article or without power at anytime in the security zone. thing upon any waterfront facility in a security (2) No vessel may enter, cross, or otherwise zone without the permission of the Captain of the 20 navigate in the security zone when a public vessel Port. . or any other vessel, that cannot safely navigate §127.20 Establishment of security zones; proce- outside the Terminal Channel, is approaching or dures. leaving the Naval Ammunition Depot Piers at (a) Any person may request that a security zone Leonardo, N.J. be established. Such request must include: 25 (3) Vessels may enter or cross the security zone, (1) The name of the person submitting the re- except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this sec- quest; tion. (2) The location; (4) No person may swim in the security zone. (3) The date, time, and duration; §127.305 New London Harbor, Connecticut. (a) (4) A description of activities planned for the 30 Security Zones. (1) Security Zone A-The waters security zone; and of the Thames River off State Pier enclosed by a (5) The reason for the security zone. line beginning at the midpoint of the southeast face (b) Each request must be submitted to the Cap- of State Pier thence to latitude 41°21 '24\" N., lon- tain of the Port who has jurisdiction over the loca- gitude 72°05'21.2\" W.; thence to latitude tion. (See 33 CFR 3.) 35 41\"21'26.2\"N., longitude 72°05'19.YW.; thence to (c) When a Captain of the Port establishes a latitude 41°21'34\"N., longitude 72°05'18.l \"W.; security zone, he: thence to latitude 41°21'37.4\"N., longitude (1) Publishes notice of the security zone in the 72°05'21 \"W. (Buoy C 15); thence to latitude Federal Register and the Local Notice to Mariners; 41°21'37\"N., longitude 72°05'25.l\"W. (Winthrop and 40 Point Anchorage Buoy A); thence westerly to the (2) Requests local newspapers and broadcasting shoreline at latitude 41°21'37\"N., longitude stations to disseminate the information. 72°05'28\"W.; thence along the shoreline and pier to (d) When there is insufficient time to give notice the point of beginning. by means of publication as specified in paragraph (2) Security Zone B.-The waters of the Thames (c) of this section, the Captain of the Port broad- 45 River west of the Electric Boat Division Shipyard casts the necessary information in Notice to Mari- enclosed by a line beginning at a point on the ners followed by publication of notice in the Fed- shoreline at latitude 41°20'27\"N., longitude eral Register. 12°04'53YW.; thence due west to latitude Note: Security Zone regulations of a temporary 41°20'27\"N., longitude 72°05'02\"W.; thence to lati- nature or limited time duration are not published in 50 tude 41°21'03\"N., longitude 72°05'06.?\"W.; thence the Coast Pilots. However, this type of information easterly to a point on the shoreline at latitude is promulgated in the same manner as indicated 41°21'03\"N., longitude 72°05'00\"W.; thence along above. the shoreline to the point of beginning. (3) Security Zone C. The waters of the Thames Subpart B-Security Zones 55 River, west of the Naval Submarine Base, New §127.301 Sandy Hook Bay, N.J. (a) Naval Am- London, enclosed by a line beginning at a point on munition Depot Piers: The waters within the fol- the shoreline at latitude 41°23'15.S\"N., longitude lowing boundary is a security zone: A line begin- 72°05'17.9#W.; thence to latitude 41°23'15.~\"N., ning on the shore at 40°25'57#N. latitude, longitude 72°05'22\"W., thence to latitude 4la1t~i2tu3'd2e5.94\"1~.2,3 ,4lo~.n2s?tNu.d, e 72°0?'29.9\"W~; t~enc~ t~ ?4°04'32\"W. longitude; thence to 40°27'52.S\"N. lat- 60 lo!1gi~ude,, 72 05 42.2. W., itude, 74°03'14.S\"W. longitude; thence to 40\"27'28.3\"N. latitude, 74°02'12.4\"W. longitude; thence to latitude 41 23 53.8 N4.1, °~4l'o0n4.g2ituNd.e, thence to 40°26'29.2\"N. latitude, 74°02'53\"W. Ion- 72°05'43.rW.; thence to latitude gitude; thence to 40\"26'31.l\"N. latitude, longitude 72°05'42.9\"W.; thence to a pomt on the

68 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS shoreline at latitude 41°24'04.2\"N., longitude from, a port or place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and that is in- 72\"05'38\"W.; thence along the shoreline to the (1) Innocent passage through the territorial se~ point of beginning. of the United States; or (b) Special regulations.-Section 127.15 does not 5 (2) Transit through the navigable waters of the apply to public vessels when operating in Security Zones A or B, or to vessels owned by, under hire United States which form a part of an international to, or performing work for the Electric Boat Divi- strait. §160.106 Waterfront safety. sion when operating in Security Zone B. ~a) to prevent damage to, or destruction of, any Part 160-Ports and Waterways Safety to bndge or other structure on or in the navigable Subpart A-General: waters of the United States, or any land structure or shore area immediately adjacent to those waters, §160.1 Purpose. Part 160 contains regulations implementing the and to protect the navigable waters and the re- Ports and Waterways Safety Act (33 U.S.C. 1221) sources therein from harm resulting from vessel or and related statutes. 15 structure damage, destruction, or loss, each District Comma~der or Captain of the Port may- §160.3 Definitions. (a) For the purpose of this part: (I) Direct the handling, loading, unloading, stor- (1) \"Captain of the Port\" means the Coast age, stowage, and movement (including the emer- Guard officer commanding a Captain of the Port ~ency removal, control, and disposition) of explo- zone described in 33 CFR 3, or that person's au- 20 ~1ves ?r ot~er dangerous articles and substances, thorized representative. mcludmg 011 or hazardous material as those terms (2) \"Commandant\" means the Commandant of uartees,dae~finaemdenidnedS~ec(4ti6onU.4S4.C17. a39oIfa)thoen Revised Stat- the Coast Guard or that person's authorized repre- any structure sentative. on or m the navigable waters of the United States, (3) \"District Commander\" means the Coast 25 or. any land structure or shore area immediately Guard officer commanding a Coast Guard District ad.j(a2c) eCntontodutchtoseexaw~iantaetrsi;onasndto assure compliance described in 33 CFR 3, or that person's authorized representative. with the safety eqmpment requirements for struc- t~o(n4,) \"Person\" means an individual, firm, corpora- 30 tures. V':5se~ operating requirements. association, partnership, or governmental en- §160.111 tity. (a) Each _D1stnct Commander or Captain of the (5) \"State\" includes each of the several States of Port may d1re~t any yessel to operate or anchor in the United States, the District of Columbia, the the(1)mTanhne~ere ?1rected tf- c~use to believe the ves- Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, is reas<;>nable Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin 35 sel is not m compliance with any regulation, law, Islands, the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands or treaty; the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Is: (2) The vessel does not satisfy the conditions for lands, and any other commonwealth, territory or port entry specified in section 9 of the PWSA (33 possession of the United States. in ' 40 U.S.C. 1i?s28~)e; toerr mined that such directive is justi- (6) \"United States,\" when used geographical (3). It fi~? ~I'! the mterest <?f. safety by reason of weather, context, means all the States thereof. (7) \"Vessel\" means every description of water- VlSlbihty, s~a condthons, port congestion, other craft ?r other artificial contrivance used, or capable hazardous circumstances or the condition of such owfatbeer.mg used, as a means of transportation on 45 ves(sbe)l.Each D1. stn.ct Commander or Captain of the Port m_ay control vessel traffic in an area which is Subpart B-Orders and Directions of the Captain of deterrnmed to be hazardous or under conditions of the Port and District Commander r~uced visibility, adverse :weather, vessel conges- tion, or other hazardous crrcumstances by issuing §160.101 Applicability. (a) This subpart applies to any- 50 orders- Sta(t!e)~,Veexscseepl toans the navigable waters of the United (l) Specifying times of vessel entry, movement provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) or departure to, from, within, or through ports: of th1S section; h.a((r2b3))orEEsss, ttoaabbrhlos~hhth~iennrg~ waters· (2) Bridge or other structure on or in the navi- 55 vessel' traffic routing schemes; 60 vessel size, speed, draft lirnita- gable Lwaantdersstorufc~thuree United States; and . (3) or shore area immediately ad- atcwtahorp(ni~a4scb),1~~oRa1r.tnehlds~eutsvrenoiwcdpPtehei~nrrircagtth1~mcavaugzelraseasrcrecdolooonunpdosseiptiriedaorcetnaoirtsneni·gdodnaintc,niehodciannerssa,sacattrehoyraiszftvoaierrcdssssoaeouflessr ~toisthseunbapvairgtadboleeswnaotet raspopflythteo Jacent 0(b) UannyitevdesSsetaltes~ the(c~SaEmxtceLpatwpruernscueanStetaowianyteornratPioannaaml tareCatayn,alc.on- 1y~enat1poanr,tyo,r tha¥is1'ese~mbpeanrtt, to which the United States operation under the circumstances. does not apply to any for- e1gn vessel that 1s not destined for, or departing tak(§ealn)60Au.1nn1dy6erpDteehn~isianlpaodrfitreemncttarlyyy. raefqfuecetsetdrebcyonasindearcattiioonn

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 69 by the Coast Guard official who is responsible for Guard official to whom the oral presentation was that action. made containing, at a minimum, the basis for the (b) Each District Commander or Captain of the appeal and a summary of the material presented Port, subject to recognized principles of interna- orally. tional law, may deny entry into the navigable wa- 5 ters of the United States or to any port or place Part 161-Vessel Traffic Management under the jurisdiction of the United States to any Subpart A-Notifications of arrivals, departures, vessel not in compliance with the provisions of the hazardous conditions, and certain dangerous cargoes Ports and Waterways Safety Act (33 U.S.C. 1221- §161.1 Applicability and exceptions to applicabili- 32) or the regulations issued thereunder. IO ty. §160.121 Compliance with directions and orders. (a) This subpart prescribes notification require- (a) Each person who has notice of the terms of ments for U.S. and foreign vessels bound for or an order or direction issued under 160.106, 160.111, departing from ports or places in the United States. or 160.116 shall comply with that order. (b) This subpart does not apply to boats under §160.126 Withholding of clearance. 15 the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971 (46 U.S.C. (a) Each District Commander or Captain of the 1451, et seq.) and, except §161.15, does not apply Port may request the Secretary of the Treasury, or to passenger and supply vessels when they are em- the authorized representative. thereof, to withhold ployed in the exploration for or in the exploitation or revoke the clearance reqmred by 46 U.S.C. 91 of oil, gas, or mineral resources on the continental of any vessel, the owner or operator of which is 20 shelf. subject to any penalties under 33 U.S.C. 1232. (c) Sections 161.7 and 161.9 do not apply to the §160.131 Appeals. following: (a) Any person directly affected by an action (1) Each vessel of less than 1,600 gross tons. taken under this part may request reconsideration (2) Each vessel operating exclusively within a by the Coast Guard official who is responsible for 25 Captain of the Port zone. that action. (3) Each vessel operating upon a route that is (b) Any person not satisfied with a ruling made described in a schedule that is submitted to the under the procedure contained in paragraph (a) of Captain of the Port for each port or place of desti- this section may appeal that ruling in writing, ex- nation listed in the schedule at least 24 hours in cept as allowed under paragraph (e) of this section, 30 advance of the first date and time of arrival listed to the Coast Guard District Commander of the on the schedule and contains- district in which the action was taken. The appeal (i) Name, country of registry, and call sign or may contain supporting documentation and evi- official number of the vessel; dence that the appellant wishes to have considered. (ii) Each port or place of destination; and If requested, the District Commander may stay the 35 (iii) Dates and times of arrivals and departures at effect of the action being appealed while the ruling those ports or places. is being reviewed. The District Commander issues (4) Each vessel arriving at a port or place under a ruling after reviewing the appeal submitted under force majeure. this paragraph. (5) Each vessel entering a port of call in the (c) Any person not satisfied with a ruling made 40 United States in compliance with the Automated under the procedure contained in paragraph (b) of Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue System this section may appeal that ruling in writing, ex- (AMVER). cept as allowed under paragraph (e) of this section, (6) Each vessel entering a port of call in the to the Chief, Office of Marine Environment and United States in compliance with the U.S. Flag Systems, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. 45 Merchant Vessel Locator Filing System (USMER). 20593. The appeal may contain supporting docu- (7) Each barge. mentation and evidence that the appellant wishes (8) Each public vessel. to have considered. If requested, the Chief, Office (9) United States or Canadian flag vessels, ex- of Marine Environment and Systems, may stay the cept tank vessels or vessels carrying certain dan- effect of the action being appealed while the ruling 50 gerous cargo, which operate solely on the Great is being reviewed. The Chief, Marine Environment Lakes. (d) Sections 161.7, 161.l 1, and 16l.l3 ~PJ?l}'. t<? and Systems, issues a ruling after reviewing the appeal submitted under this paragraph. each vessel upon the waters of the M1ss1ss1p.P1 (d) Any decision made by the Chief, Office of River between its mouth and mile 235, Lower ~1s- Marine Environment and Systems, under the pro- 55 sissippi River, above Head of Passes. Sections cedure contained in paragraph (c) of this section is 161.7, 161.11, and 161.13 do not .a~ply ~o ~ach orfinal agency action. vessel upon the waters the M1ss1ss1pp1 River (e) If the delay in presenting a written appeal between its source an_d mil~ 235, aiJ?ve H~ of would have a significant adverse impact on the Passes, and all the tnbutanes emptymg theremto appellant, the appeal under paragraph (b) or (c) of 60 and their tri~utaries, an~ t~at .Part ?f the this section may initially be presented orally. If an Atchafalaya River a~ve its Junction with the initial presentation of the appeal is made orally, the Plaquemin~-Morgan City alternate waterway, and appellant must submit the appeal in writing within the Red River of the North. five days of the oral presentation to the Coast §161.3 Definitions.

70 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS As used in this subpart: . cohracrotemrmtoerctihael sUernviitceed oSrtaatevse.sse.l u.nder contract or·, \"Agent\" means any peenrgs_oang,edp~arytntehreshoip~,nefrirmor, \"Vessel\" includes every descnpt1on of watercraft company or corporation or other artificial contrivance used, ?r capable of charterer of a vessel to act m thetr behalf m mat- s being used, as a means of transportation on water. ters concerning the vessel. . . §161.S Waivers. .. \"Carried in bulk\" means a vceosmseml owidtithyout~hactonlS- The Captain of the Port may waive, within that loaded or carried on board a ·d f the tai.ners or labels and received and handled without Captain of the Port's designate zone, any o requirement of this subpart for any vessel or class mark or count. of vessels upon finding that the vessel, route, area \"Certain dangerous cargo\" includes any of the 10 of operations, conditions of the. voyage, or. other following: . circumstances are such itmhaptraacptpicliaclatfioorn_oPfurtphoissessub~f- {a) Class A explosives, as defined m 46 CFR part is unnecessary or 14(6b.2) 0O-7xiadnizdin4g9 mCaFtReria1l7s3.5o3r. blastm. g agents tior safety• environmental protection, or natmnal secun- which a permit is ~equire~ un~er 4~9atC~nFa~l, 176·415· 15 ty.§161.7 Notice of arrival: vessels bound for ports as de- or places in the United States. or person in (c) Large CquFa~ntit1y73.r~a89d(i1o?a),ctiovre fined in 49 Fis_sile Class III (a) The owner, master, agent shipments of fisstle rad1oacttve matenal, as defined charge of a vessel on a voyage of 24 hours or more i1n5(34d9)wEhCeaFncRheac1ra7ni3;eg.3do89m~(nad)b(eu3rl)~. .Table 1 of 46 FR p 20 shall report under paragraph (c) of this section at . C art least 24 hours before entering the port or place of destination. . (e) Any of the followmg when earned m bulk: (b) The owner, master, agent, or person in Acetaldebyde charge of a vessel on a voyage of less than 24 Ammonia, anhydrous Butadiene 25 hours shall report under paragraph (c) of this sec- Butane tion before departing the port or place of depar- Butene . ture. Butylene Oxide (3) The Captain of the Port of the port or ~lace Chlorine of destination in the United States must be nottfied 30 of- EEtthhyanleene ves(1se)l·The name and country of registry of the Ethylene Oxide (2) The name of the port or place of dei:>art~e. MMeetthhyanl eAcetylene, Propadiene Mixture, Stabl.l- 35 and(3) The name of the port or place of destination; izeMd ethyl Bromide pla(c4e). The estimated time of arrival at the port or Methyl Chloride If the estimated time of arrival changes by more Phosphorous, elemental than six hours from the latest reported time, the Propane 40 Captain of the port must be notified of the cor- Propylene rection as soon as the change is known. Sulfur Dioxide . .. §161.9 Notice of aorrrivpalal:cevsesosnelsthbeouGn~d tfroLmaktehse. Vinyl Chloride high seas for ports \"Great Lakes\" means Lakes Supenor, Michigan, In addition to complying with the requirement of Huron, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting and 45 §161.7, the owner, master, agent, or person in tributary waters, the aSndainatdjLaacwenrtenpcoertRaivre~r.as far charge of a vessel bound from the high seas for east as Saint Regis, any port or place of destination on the Great Lakes \"Hazardous condition\" means any condition that shall notify the Commander, Ninth Coast Guard could adversely affect the safety of ~annvyirovnemsesenl-, District, at least 24 hours before arriving at the bridge, structure, or shore area or the Snell Locks, Massena, New York of- tal quality of any port, ~arbor, ?~ nav1gabl~ water so (a) The name and country of registry of the ves- of the United States. This condition could mclude sel· and but is not limited to, fire, explosion, grounding, (b) The estimated time of arrival at the Snell leakage, damage, illness of a person on board, or a Locks, Massena, New York. manning shortage. 55 §161.11 Notice of arrival: vessels carrying certain \"Port or place of departure\" means any port or dangerous cargo. . place in which a vessel is anchored or moored. (a) The owner, master, agent, or person m \"Port or place of destination\" means any port or charge of a vessel, except a barge, bound for a port place to which a vessel is bound to anchor or or place in the United States carrying certain dan- moor. 60 gerous cargo shall notify the Captain of the Port of \"Public vessel\" means a vessel owned by and the port or place of destination at least 24 hours being used in the public service of the United before entering that port or place of- States. This defirution does not include a vessel ( 1) The name and country of registry of the owned by the United States and engaged in a trade vesel;

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 71 (2) The location of the vessel at the time of the in charge shall immediately notify the Captain of report; the Port of the port or place of destination and the (3) The name of each certain dangerous cargo Captain of the Port of the port or place in which carried; the vessel is located of the hazardous condition. (4) The amount of each certain dangerous cargo 5 carried; Part 162-Inland Waterways Navigation Regulations (5) The stowage location of each certain danger- §162.15 Manbasset Bay, N.Y.; seaplane restricted ous cargo; area. (a) The restricted area. An area in Manhasset (6) The operational condition of the equipment Bay between the shore at Manorhaven on the under 33 CFR 164.35; IO north and the southerly limit line of the special (7) The name of the port or place of destination; anchorage area in Manhasset Bay, west area at and Manorhaven (described in 33 CFR 110.60), on the (8) The estimated time of arrival at that port or south; its axis being a line bearing 166°50' true from place. If the estimated time of arrival changes by latitude 40°50'17.337\", longitude 73°43'03.877\", more than six hours from the latest reported time, 15 which point is on the south side of Orchard Beach the Captain of the port must be notified of the Boulevard at Manorhaven; and being 100 feet wide correction as soon as the change is known. for a distance of 380 feet in a southerly direction (b) The owner, master, agent or person in from the south side of Orchard Beach Boulevard, charge of a barge bound for a port or place in the and thence flaring to a width of 300 feet at the United States carrying certain dangerous cargo 20 southerly limit line. shall report the information required in paragraph (b) The regulations. (1) Vessels shall not anchor (a)(l) through (a)(S) of this section to the Captain or moor within the restricted area. of the Port of the port or place of destination at (2) All vessels traversing the area shall pass di- least 4 hours before entering that port or place. rectly through without unnecessary delay, and §161.13 Notice of departure; veaels carrying cer- 25 shall give seaplanes the right-of-way at all times. tain dangerous cargo. §162.20 Flushing Bay near La Guardia Airport, (a) The owner, master, agent, or person in Flushing, N.Y.; restricted area. (a) The area. An charge of.a vessel, except a barge, departing from a area in the main channel in Flushing Bay extending port or place in the United States for any other for a distance of 300 feet on either side of the port or place and carrying certain dangerous cargo 30 extended center line of Runway No. 13-31 at La shall notify the Captain of the Port or place of Guardia Airport. departure at least 24 hours before departing, unless (b) The regulations. (I) All vessels traversing in this notification was made within 2 hours after the the area shall pass directly through without unnec- vessel's arrival, of- essary delay. (I) The name and country of registry of the 35 (2) No vessels having a height of more than 35 vessel; feet with reference to the plane of mean high water (2) The name of each certain dangerous cargo shall enter or pass through the area whenever visi- carried; bility is less than one mile. (3) The amount of each certain dangerous cargo §162.25 Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, carried; 40 N.Y.; navigation. (a) The use of Ambrose Channel (4) The stowage location of each certain danger- (formerly and before improvement called \"East ous cargo carried; Channel\") is hereby restricted to navigation by ves- (5) The operational condition of the equipment sels under efficient control with their own motive under 33 CPR 164.35; power and not having barges or other vessels or (6) The name of the port or place of departure; 45 floats in tow. Sailing vessels and vessels carrying and tows are not permitted to use this channel except (7) The estimated time of departure from the under permit as provided in paragraph (b) of this port or place. section. If the estimated time of departure changes by (b) The Captain of the Port, New York may more than six hours from the latest reported time, 50 authorize vessels under tow to use Ambrose Chan- the Captain of the Port must be notified of the nel in special cases when, in his J~dgement, the correction as soon as the change is known. draft of such vessels or other conditions may ren- (b) The owner, master, agent, or person in der unSAfe the use of other channels. (c) Vessels permitted to use A~brose .channel change of a barge departing from a port or place in the United States for any other port or place and 55 under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this sect10n must carrying certain dangerous cargo shall report the proceed through the channel at a reasonable speed infom1ation required in paragraph (a)(l) through such as no~ to endanger ot.her vessels and not to (a)(7) of this section to the Captain of the Port of interfere with any work which may become neces- the port or place of departure at least 4 hours sary in maintaining, surveying, or. buoying the before departing, unless this report was made with- 60 channel; and they must not anchor m the channel in 2 hours after the barge's arrival. except in cases of emergency, such as fog or .ac- §161.15 Notice of hazardous conditions. cident, which would render progress unsafe or rm- Whenever there is a haz.ardous condition on possible. (d) This section is not to be construed as board a vessel, the owner, master, agent or person

72 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS prohibiting any necessary use of the channel by the movement of the vessel is informed of the any Government boats while on Government duty, vessel's position; nor in emergencies by pilot boats whether steam or (d) Electronic and other navigational equipment, sail, nor by police boats. external fixed aids to navigation, geographic refer- (e) This section shall remain in force until modi- s ence points, and hydrographic contours are used fled or rescinded, and shall supplant all prior regu- when fixing the vessel's position; lations governing the use of Ambrose Channel, (e) Buoys alone are not used to fix the vessel's which are hereby revoked. position; §162.270 Restricted areas in vicinity of Maritime Note: Buoys are aids to navigation placed in ap- Administration Resene Fleets. (a) The regulations to proximate positions to alert the mariner to hazards in this section shall govern the use and navigation to navigation or to indicate the orientation of a of waters in the vicinity of the following National channel. Buoys may not maintain an exact position Defense Reserve Fleets of the Maritime Adminis- because strong or varying currents, heavy seas, ice, tration, Department of Commerce: and collisions with vessels can move or sink them (1) (Reserved) 15 or set them adrift. Although buoys may cor- (2) James River Reserve Fleet, Fort Eustis, Vir- roborate a position fixed by other means, buoys ginia. cannot be used to fix a position: however, if no (3) (Reserved) (4) ~obile Reserve Fleet, Tensaw River near other aids are available, buoys alone may be used to establish an estimated position. Bay Mmette, Alabama. . 20 (f) The danger of each closing visual or each (5) Beaumont Reserve Fleet, Neches River near closing radar contact is evaluated and the person Beaumo~t, Texas. . . . directing the movement of the vessel knows the (6) Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet near Bemc1a, Cali- evaluation· foCT~a.(Reserved) Ru~der orders are e~ecu~ed Fleet• Budd 1nlet at 25 (g) as given; . . (8) 01~pt·a Reserve cu(tehd) Easnggmiveens;peed and dtrectlon orders are exe- 01ym- pia, Washmgton. or other wate~craft, except those (i) Magnetic vanat1on and deviation and (b) No vessels gyrocompass errors are known and correctly ap- owned or cont~olled by the United States Govern- plied by the person directing the moveme t of the ment, shall cruise or anchor between Reserve Fleet 30 essel· n units, within 500 feet of the end vessels in each v . ' . . Reserve Fleet unit, or within 500 feet of the ex- U) A person whom h~ ~as determmed ts compe- treme units of the fleets, unless specific permission t~nt to steer the vessel 1s m the w~eelhou~ at all to do so has first been granted in each case by the times (See also 46 U.S.C. 672, which reqmres an able seaman at the ~heel on U.S. vessels enforcing agency. in this section shall be en- 35 gross t.ons or m~r~ .1~ narrow or crowded of 100 (c) The regulations waters forced by the respective Fleet Superintendents and or dunng l?w v1s1bil1ty.); such agencies as they may designate. (k) If a pilot other than a member of the vessel's crew is employed, the pilot is informed of the Part 164-Navigation Safety Regulations (in part). 40 draft, maneuvering characteristics, and peculiarities For a complete description of this part see 33 CFR of the vessel and of any abnormal circumstances on 164. the vessel that may affect its safe navigation. §164.01 Applicability. (1) Current velocity and direction for the area to (a) This part (except for §164.38 and §164.39) be transited are known by the person directing the applies to each self-propelled vessel of 1600 or 45 movement ?f the vessel; . (m) Pr~dtc~ed set and dnft are known by the more gross tons (except foreign vessels described in §164.02) when it is operating in the navigable wa- person ~1rectlng movement of the vessel; ters of the United States except the St. Lawrence (n) Tidal state for the area to be transited is Seaway. known by the person directing movement of the §164.02 Applicability exception for foreign ves- so vessel; sels. (See 33 CPR 164.) (o) The vessel's anchors are ready for letting go; §164.11 Navigation underway: General. (p) The person directing the movement of the The owner, master, or person in charge of each vessel sets the vessel's speed with consideration vessel underway shall ensure that: for- (a) The wheelhouse is constantly manned by 55 . (1) The prevailing visibility and weather condi- persons who- tlons; (1) Direct and control the movement of the ves- (2) The proximity of the vessel to fixed shore sel; and and marine structures· (2) Fix the vessels's posi~ion; (3) The tendency ~f the vessel underway to .. (b) Each person perfo~g. a duty descnbed m 60 squat and suffer impairment of maneuverability paragraph (a) of this section ts competent to per- when there is small underkeel clearance; form that dutr;. . (4) The comparative proportions of the vessel (c) The pos1tion of the vessel at each fix ts plot- and the channel· ted on a chart of the area and the person directing (S) The density of marine traffic;

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 73 (6) The damage that might be caused by the pliance with this sub-part if the required tests are vessel's wake; conducted preparatory to or during the passage of (7) The strength and direction of the current; the St. Lawrence Seaway or within one hour of and passing Wolfe Island. (8) Any local vessel speed limit; 5 §164.30 Charts, publications, and equipment: Gen- (q) The tests required by §164.25 are made and eral. recorded in the vessel's log; and No person may operate or cause the operation of (r) The equipment required by this part is main- a vessel unless the vessel has the charts, publica- tained in operable condition. tions, and equipment as required by §§164.33 §164.15 Navigation underway: Confined or con- 10 through 164.41 of this part. gested waters. §164.33 Charts and publications. In the confined or congested waters described in (a) Each vessel must have the following: §164.16, the master or person in charge of each (I) Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this vessel underway shall ensure that- section, charts of the area to be transited published (a) Propulsion machinery can respond im- 15 by the National Ocean Survey, U.S. Army Corps mediately through its full operating range; of Engineers, or a river authority that- (b) The engine room, including the main engine (i) Are of a large enough scale and have enough control station even if it is not in the engine room, detail to enable safe navigation of the area; and is manned to operate the propulsion machinery as (ii) Are the most recently published and avail- required by paragraph (a) of this section; 20 able for the area and currently corrected. (c) Persons are available to rapidly anchor the (2) Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this vessel in an emergency; and section, the most recent, available, and currently (d) The automatic pilot device is not in use. corrected copy of, or applicable extract from, each §164.16 List of confined or congested waters. (Re- of the following publications, if it includes the area served) 25 to be transited: §164.19 Requirements for vessels at anchor. (i) U.S. Coast Pilot. The master or person in charge of each vessel (ii) Coast Guard Light List. that is anchored shall ensure that- (iii) Notices to Mariners published by Defense (a) A proper anchor watch is maintained; Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Cen· (b) Procedures are followed to detect a dragging 30 ter and local Coast Guard Notice to Mariners. anchor; and (iv) Tide Tables published by the National (c) Whenever weather, tide, or current condi- Ocean Survey. tions are likely to cause the vessel's anchor to drag, (v) Tidal Current Tables published by the Na- action is taken to ensure the safety of the vessel, tional Ocean Survey, or river current publication structures, and other vessels, such as being ready to 35 issued by the U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, or a veer chain, let go a second anchor, or get under- river authority. way using the vessel's own propulsion or tug assist- (b) A vessel may have a chart or publication ance. published by a foreign government instead of a §164•.25 Tests before entering or getting under- chart or publication required by this section if the way. 40 chart or publication contains similar information to (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) the U.S. Government publication or chart. A vessel of this section no person may cause a vessel to bound from a foreign port to a port in the United enter into or get underway on the navigable waters States may have the latest charts and publications of the United States unless no more than 12 hours that were available at previous ports of call. before entering or getting underway, the following 45 §164.35 Equipment: All vessels. equipment has been tested: Each vessel must have the following: (1) Primary and secondary steering gear. (a) A marine radar system for surface naviga· (2) All internal vessel control communications tion. and vessel control alarms. (b) An illuminated magnetic steering compass, (3) Standby or emergency generator, for as long so mounted in a binnacle, that can be read at the as necessary to show proper functioning, including vessel's main steering s~d. .. steady state temperature and pressure readings. (c) A current magnetic compass dev1at1on table (4) Storage batteries for emergency lighting and or graph or compass comparison record for the power systems in vessel control and propulsion ma- steering compass, in the wheelhouse. chinery spaces. 55 (d) A gyrocompass. (5) Main propulsion machinery, ahead and (e) An illuminated repeater for the gyrocompass required by paragraph (d) of this section that is ~t astern. (b) Vessels navigating on the Great Lakes and the main steering stand, unl~ that ~yrocompass is their connecting and tributary waters, having once illuminated and is at the main stee_nn~ stan~. completed the test requirements of this sub-part, 60 (f) An illuminated rudder angle md1cator m the are considered to remain in compliance until arriv- wheelhouse. .. . ing at the next port of call on the Great Lakes. (g) The following maneuvenng . information (c) Vessels entering the Great Lakes from the prominently displayed on a fact sheet m the wheel- St. Lawrence Seaway are considered to be in com- house:

74 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS (1) For full and half speed, a turning circle dia- range capability and a long range capability and gram to port and starboard that shows the time and each radar must have true north features consisting , the distance of advance and transfer required to of a display that is stabilized in azimuth. alter the course 90 degrees with maximum rudder §164.38 Automatic radar plotting aids (ARPA). angle and constant power settings. 5 (See 33 CPR 164.) (2) The time and distance to stop the vessel from §164.39 Steering gear: Tank vessels. (See 33 CFR full and half speed while maintaining approximately 164.) the initial heading with minimum application of §164.41 Electronic Position Fixing Devices. rudder. (a) This section applies to vessels calling at ports (3) For each vessel with a fixed propeller, a 10 in the continental U.S. including Alaska south of table of shaft revolutions per minute for a represen- Cape Prince of Wales, except those vessels owned tative range of speeds. or bareboat chartered and operated by the United (4) For each vessel with a controllable pitch States, by a state or its political subdivision, or by a propeller, a table of control settings for a represen- foreign nation, and not engaged in commerce. tative range of speeds. 15 (b) Each vessel must have one of the following (5) For each vessel that is fitted with an auxilia- devices installed: ry device to assist in maneuvering, such as a bow (1) A Loran-C receiver meeting paragraph (c) of thruster, a table of vessel speeds at which the auxil- this section. iary device is effective in maneuvering the vessel. (2) A continual update, satellite-based hybrid (6) The maneuvering information for the normal 20 navigation receiver meeting paragraph (d) of this load and normal ballast condition for- section. (i) Calm weather-wind JO knots or less, calm (3) A system that is found by the Commandant sea; to meet the intent of the statements of availability, (ii) No current; coverage, and accuracy for the U.S. Coastal Con- (iii) Deep water conditions-water depth twice 25 fluence Zone (CCZ) contained in the U.S. \"De- the vessel's draft or greater; and partment of Transportation (DOT) National Plan (iv) Clean hull. for Navigation\" (Report No. DOT-TST-78-4, (7) At the bottom of the fact sheet, the follow- dated November 1977). A person desiring a fmding ing statement; by the Commandant under this subparagraph must Warning. 30 submit a written request describing the device to: The response of the (name of the vessel) may be Commandant (G-WLE/73), U.S. Coast Guard, different from that listed above if any of the fol- Washington, D.C. 20950. After reviewing the re- lowing conditions, upon which the maneuvering quest, the Commandant may require additional in- information is based, are varied: formation to establish whether or not the device (l) Calm weather-wind JO knots or less, calm 35 meets the intent of the \"DOT National Plan for sea; Navigation.\" (2) No current; Note: The \"DOT National Plan for Navigation\" (3) Water depth twice the vessel's draft or great- is available from the National Technical Informa- er; tion Service, Springfield, Va. 22161. Government (4) Clean hull; and 40 Accession No. AD-A-052269. (5) Intermediate drafts or unusual trim. (c) Each Loran-C receiver installed after May (h) An echo depth sounding device. 31, 1979, must meet the following: (i) A device that can continuously record the (I) Be a Type I or II receiver as defined in depth readings of the vessel's echo depth sounding Section 1.2(e), meeting Part 2 (Minimum Perform- device, except when operating on the Great Lakes 45 ance Standards) of the Radio Technical Commis- and their connecting and tributary waters. sion for Marine Services (RTCM) Paper 12- (j) Equipment on the bridge for plotting relative 78/D0-100 dated December 20, 1977, and entitled motion. \"Minimum Performance Staridards (MPS) Marine §164.37 Equipment: Veaels of 10,000 gross tons Loran-C Receiving Equipment.\" The standards re- f50 erred to in this subparagraph are intended to be or more. (a) Each .vessel. ?f 10,000 gross tons or more mcorporated by reference as they exist on Decem- must have, m add1t1on ~o the radar system under ber 20, 1977, and notice of any change in these §164._35(a}, a second manne radar system that oper- standards will be published in the Federal Register. ates m~ependently of the fi~t. This ~corporation by reference was approved by Note. sIenpdaerapte~ndes~nstteompse,ra.ftri<o?nm means two com- 55 the Director of the Federal Register on May 25, pletely .separate branch 1979, and is available for inspection at the Office of power supply ctrc~ts or d1stnbut1on panels to an- the Federal Register Library, Room 8401, 1100 L tennas, ~ that failure of any component. of one St. NW. Washington, D.C. 20408. The RTCM system wtll not render the other system mopera- paper is available from the Radio Technical Com- ttv(eb.~ 60 mission for Marine Services, P.O. Box 19087, Washington, D.C. 20036 ((202) 296-6610). On C?8ch tanker _of 10,000 gross tons or more that IS subject to Section 5 of the Port and Tanker (2) After June 1, 1982, except as allowed by Safety Act o_f 1978 (46 ~.S.C. 39la), the dual radar paragraph (c)(3) of this section, have a permanently system reqwred by this part must have a short atl\"txed label containing-

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 75 (i) The name and address of the manufacturer; (a) Ensure compliance with 46 CFR 4.05, \"No- and tice of Marine Casualty and Voyage Records,\" and (ii) The following statement: (b) Ensure that the voyage records required by This receiver was designed and manufactured to 46 CFR 4.05-15 are retained for- comply with Part 2 (Minimum Performance Stan- 5 (l) 30 days after the casualty if the vessel re- dards) of the RTCM MPS for Marine Loran-C mains in the navigable waters of the United States; Receiving Equipment. or (3) Each Loran-C receiver installed before June (2) 30 days after the return of the vessel to a 1, 1982, that meets paragraph (cXl) of this section United States port if the vessel departs the naviga- must meet paragraph (c)(2) of this section on June 10 ble waters of the United States within 30 days after 1, 1985. the marine casualty. (d) Each hybrid satellite system must have- (1) Automatic acquisition of satellite signals after Part 165-Safety Zones initial operator settings have been entered; Subpart A-General (2) Position updates derived from satellite infor- 15 §165.01 Purpose. mation obtained during each usable satellite pass; The purpose of this part is to set forth the proce- and dures for the establishment of safety zones for pro- (3) A continual tracking integrated complemen- tection of vessels, structures, and water and shore tary system that provides automatically, in between areas, to set forth regulations applicable to the satellite passes, position updates at intervals of one 20 zones, and to publish specific safety zones when minute or less. they have continuing application. (e) Each satellite navigation receiver installed §165.05 Definitions. before June l, 1982, that meets paragraphs (d)(l) For the purpose of this Part: \"Safety zone\" and (2), of this section must meet paragraph (d)(3) means a designated water area, shore and water 25 area, or shore area to which, for safety or environ- of this section on June 1, 1985. §164.51 Deviations from rules: Emergency. mental purposes, access is limited to persons, vehi- Except for the requirements of §164.53(b), in an cles, vessels, or objects authorized by the Captain emergency, any person may deviate from any rule of the Port. It may be stationary and described by in this part to the extent necessary to avoid endan- fixed limits or it may be described as a zone around gering persons, property, or the environment. 30 a vessel in motion. §164.53 Deviations from rules and reporting: Non- \"Vehicle\" means every type of conveyance ca- operating equipment. pable of being used as a means of transportation on (a) If during a voyage any equipment required land. by this part stops operating properly, the person §165.10 Delegation. directing the movement of the vessel may complete 35 The Commandant delegates to the Captain of the the voyage subject to the requirements in 33 CFR Port and the District Commander authority to es- 160. tablish safety zones. The establishment of a safety (b) If the vessel's radar, radio navigation receiv- zone may be based on a request under the proce- ers, gyrocompass, echo depth sounding device, or 40 dures in §165.15 or may be undertaken on the initi- primary steering gear stops operating properly, the ative of the Captain of the Port or the District person directing the movement of the vessel must Commander. report or cause to be reported that it is not operat- §165.15 Application procedures. (a) Any person ing properly to the nearest Captain of the Port, may request that the Captain of the Port or the District Commander, or, if participating in a Vessel 45 District Commander establish a safety zone. Except Traffic Service, to the Vessel Traffic Center, as as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the soon as possible. request must be in writing. Each request must in- §164.55 Deviations from rules: Continuing opera- elude the following: ti.on or period of time. (1) The name of the person submitting the re- The Captain of the Port, upon written applica- 50 quest. tion, may authorize a deviation from any rule in (2) The location and boundaries of the safety this part if he determines that the deviation does zone. not impair the safe navigation of the vessel under (3) The date, time, and duration of the safety anticipated conditions and will not result in a viola- zone. tion of the rules for preventing collisions at sea. 55 (4) Description of activities within the safety The authorization may be issued for vessels operat- zone. ing in the waters under the jurisdiction of the Cap- (5) The reason for the request. tain of the Port for any continuing operation or (b) If for good cause the request for the safety period of time the Captain of the Port specifies. zone is made less than 5 working days before the §164.61 Marine casualty reporting and record re- 60 zone is requested to be established, the request may tention. be made orally, but it must be followed by a writ- When a vessel is involved in a marine casualty as ten request within 24 hours after the oral request. defined in 46 CFR 4.03-1, the master or person in Note: The procedures used by the Captain of the charge of the vessel shall- Port to notify persons of the establishment of a 362-885 o - 82 - a : QL 3

76 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS safety zone vary depending on circumstances and danger zones for naval operations. (a) Atlantic emergency conditions. Ocean in vicinity of No Mans Land-(1) The area. Notification of the establishment of a safety zone The waters surrounding No Mans Land within an may be by marine broadcasts, local notice to mari- area bounded as follows: Beginning at latitude ners, local news media, distribution in leaflet form, 5 41°12'30\", longitude 70°50'30\"; thence on-scene oral notice or publication in the FEDER- northwesterly to latitude 41°15'30•, longitude AL REGISTER. Notification normally contains 70°51'30\"; thence northeasterly to latitude the physical boundaries of the zone, the reasons for 41°17'30\", longitude 70°50'30\"; thence southeasterly the safety zone, estimated duration of the zone, and to latitude 41°16'00\", longitude 70°47'30\"; thence the method of obtaining authorization to enter the 10 south to latitude 41°12'30\", longitude 70°47'30\"; safety zone. thence westerly to the point of beginning. Notification of the termination of a safety zone is (2) The regulations. No vessel shall at any time usually made in the same form as the notification enter or remain within a rectangular portion of the of the establishment of a zone. area bounded on the north by latitude 41°16'00\", §165.20 General regulations. 15 on the east by longitude 70°47'30\", on the south by Unless otherwise provided in this part, (a) No latitude 41°12'30•, and on the west by longitude person may enter a safety zone unless authorized 70°50'30\", or within the remainder of the area be- by the Captain of the Port or the District Com- tween 1 November and 30 April, inclusive, except mander; by permission of the enforcing agency. (b) No person may bring or cause to be brought 20 (3) The regulations in this paragraph shall be into a safety zone any vehicle, vessel, or object enforced by the Commandant, First Naval District, unless authorized by the Captain of the Port or the and such agencies as he may designate. District Commander; §204.10 Narragansett Bay, R.I.; prohibited area. (c) No person may remain in a safety zone or (a) Beginning at a point on the east shore of allow any vehicle, vessel, or object to remain in a 25 Conanicut Island at latitude 41°33'15\"; thence safety zone unless authorized by the Captain of the southeasterly to latitude 41°32'44\", longitude Port or the District Commander; and 71°21'17\"; thence southerly to latitude 41°32'09#, {d) Each person in a safety zone who has notice longitude 71°21'17\"; thence southeasterly to lati- of a lawful order or direction shall obey the order tude 41°31'50\", longitude 71°21'10\"; thence or direction of the Captain of the Port, District 30 southeasterly to latitude 41°31 '26\", longitude Commander, or his authorized representative issued 71°20'3Y; thence easterly to latitude 41 \"31 '27\", to carry out the purposes of this part. longitude 71°20'06#; thence northerly to a point on §165.25 Appeals. (a) Any person directly af- the southwesterly shore of Prudence Island at lati- fected by the establishment of a safety zone or an tude 41°35100•; thence northerly along the south- order or direction issued under this part may re- 35 westerly shore of Prudence Island to a point at quest reconsideration of the establishment, order, latitude 41°35'43\\ longitude 71\"20'15.5\"; thence or direction by the official who established the northwesterly to latitude 41\"37'21\", longitude safety zone or issued the order or direction and 71°20'48\"; thence west to latitude 41\"37'21•, lon- may appeal through the Captain of the Port to the gitude 71°21'48\"; and thence south to latitude District Commander and then to the Commandant, 40 41°33'54\", longitude 71\"21'48\". whose decision shall be final. (b) The regulations: (1) No vessel shall at any (b) Requests for reconsideration and appeals time, under any circumstances anchor or fish or may be written or oral, b~t if oral. must be fol- tow a drag of any kind in the prohibited area lowed by no less than a wntten outlme of the key because of the extensive cable system located points made. The Coast Guard official to whom 45 therein. the req~\".8t o~ appeal is made will provide a writ- (2) Orders and instructions issued by patrol craft ten dec1S1?n if requested. .. or other authorized representatives of the enforcing (c) While any request. or ~ppeal ts _Pen~mg, the age~cy shall be carried out promptly by vessels in safety zone, order, or dtrectlon remams m effect. or m the vicinity of the prohibited area. Part 204-Danger Zone Regulations 50 (3) The regulations in this section shall be en- forced by the Commander U.S. Naval Base, New- §204.4 Cape Cod Bay south of Wellfleet Harbor, port, R.I., and such agencies as he may designate. Mass.; naval aircraft bombing target area. (a) The danger zone. A circular area with a radius of 1,000 Part 207-Navigation Regulations yards having its center on the aircraft bombing 55 §207.20 Cape. Cod Canal, Mass.; use, administra- tar.get hulk. J~~ Lon~street in C~pe. Cod Bay at tion, and navigation. (a) Limits of canal. The canal, latitude 41 49 46 ~ longitude 70002 54 . including approaches, extends from the Canal Sta- (b). ~e regulations. (1) No vessel. shall enter or tion Minus 100 in Cape Cod Bay, approximately remam. m the danger zo~e at any time, except as one and six-tenths (1.6) statute miles seaward of the authon~ by ~e enforcmg agency. 60 Canal Breakwater Light, through dredged channels (2) This ~t1on shall. I><: enforced by the ~m- and land cuts to Cleveland Ledge Light in Buz- mandant, Fi~t Naval D1stnct, and such agenetes as zards Bay approximately four (4) statute miles he may destgnate. . southwest of Wings Neck. §204.5 Buzzards Bay, and adjacent waters, Mass.; (b) Supervision. (1) The movement of ships,

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 77 boats and craft of every description through the driven are required to have and use auxiliary canal and the operation and maintenance of the power during passage throughout the canal as de- waterway and all property of the United States fined in paragraph (a) of this section. Low pow- pertaining thereto shall be under the supervision of ered vessels will be required to await slack water the Division Engineer, U.S. Army Engineer Divi- 5 or favorable current for canal transit. sion, New England, Corps of Engineers, Waltham, (e) Tows. (1) Tows shall be made-up outside the Massachusetts, or the authorized representative of canal entrances. All vessels engaged in towing the division engineer, the Engineer-In-Charge of other vessels not equipped with a rudder shall use the Cape Cod Canal. The division engineer or the two lines or a bridle and one tow line. If the vessel Engineer-In-Charge from time to time will pre- 10 in tow is equipped with a rudder or a ship shaped scribe rules governing the dimensions of vessels bow, one tow line may be used. All tow lines of which may transit the waterway, and other special hawsers must be hauled as short as practicable for conditions and requirements which will govern the safe handling of the tows. No towboat will be movement of vessels using the waterway. allowed to enter the waterway with more than two (2) The Engineer-In-Charge, through the marine 15 barges in tow unless prior approval is granted by traffic controller on duty, will enforce these regula- the Engineer-In-Charge; requests must be sub- tions and monitor traffic through the canal. The mitted 12 hours in advance of the passage. marine traffic controller on duty is the individual (2) The maximum length of pontoon rafts using responsible for interpretation of these regulations the canal will be limited to 600 feet, and the maxi- with respect to vessels transiting the canal. Vessels 20 mum width to 100 feet. Pontoon rafts exceeding transiting the canal must obey the orders of the 200 feet in length will be required to have an marine traffic controller. additional tug on the stern to insure that the tow is (3) The government has tugs stationed at the kept in line. The tugs used must have sufficient West Boat Basin for emergency use on an on-call power to handle the raft safely. basis. A patrol vessel is manned and operational 24- 25 (3) Dead ships are required to transit the canal hours a day. during daylight hours and must be provided with (c) Communications. There is a marine traffic the number of tugs sufficient to afford safe passage controller on duty 24- hours a day, seven days a through the canal. (A dead ship will not be al- week, in the traffic control center located at the lowed to enter the canal unless prior approval is Canal Administrative Office. The primary method 30 granted by the Engineer-In-Charge; requests must of communications between the canal and vessels be submitted 12 hours in advance of the passage). transiting will be by VHF-FM Marine radio. The (f) Dangerous Cargoes. The master or pilot of traffic controller can also be contacted by tele· any vessel or tow carrying dangerous cargoes must phone. notify the Marine Traffic Controller prior to enter- (1) For radio communications, call the traffic 35 ing the canal. Dangerous cargoes are defined as controller on channel 16 to establish contact. The those items listed in 33 CFR 126.10 when carried transmissions will then be switched to channel 12 in bulk (i.e., quantities exceeding 110 U.S. gallons or 14 as the working channel to pass information. in one tank) plus Class A explosives (commercial Channel 13 is also available at the canal office; or military) as listed in 49 CFR 173.53 (commer- however, the use of channel 13 should be limited 40 cial) and 46 CPR 146.29-100 (military), liquified to emergency situations or whenever vessels do not natural gas and liquified petroleum gas. Transporta- have one of the other channels. All four channels tion of dangerous cargoes through the canal shall are monitored continuously by the traffic control· be in strict accordance with existing regulations ler. Radio discipline will be adhered to in accord- prescribed by law. In addition, vessels carrying ance with FCC rules and regulations. 45 dangerous cargoes shall comply with the following (2) For telephone communications with the traf- requirements. fie controller, call (617) 759-4431. (1) They must have sufficient horsepower to (3) Vessels shall maintain a radio guard on Ma· overcome tidal currents or they will be required to rine VHF-FM channel 13 during the entire passage wait for favorable current conditions. through the canal. 50 (2) Transits will be during daylight hours (4) All radio communications in the vicinity of (3) No transit will be permitted when visibility the canal are tape recorded for future reference. conditions are unstable or less than 2 miles at the (d) Vessels allowed passage. The canal is open approaches and throughout the entire length of the for passage to all adequately powered vessels prop- canal. erly equipped and seaworthy, of sizes consistent 55 (4) Transits must await a clear canal for passage. (g) Obtaining clearance. (1) Vess~ls under .65 with safe navigation as governed by the controlling depths and widths of the channel and the vertical feet in length may enter the canal without obtam- and horizontal clearances of the bridges over the ing clearance. All craft are required to make a waterway. The granting of permission for any ves- complete passage through the canal except excur- sel to proceed through the waterway shall not re- 60 sion craft which may operate and change direction lieve the owners, agents and operators of full within the canal in acco~dance with procedures responsibility for its safe passage. No vessel having coordinated with the manne .traffic con~ro~er on a greater draft forward than aft will be allowed to duty. When the railroad bndge span. IS m the transit the canal. Craft of low power and wind closed (down) position, all vessels are directed not

78 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS to proceed beyond the points designated by the at Wings Neck, vessels may proceed eastward stop signs posted east .and ~est of .the. railro.ad bridge. Vessels proceedmg with a fair tide (wtth through the canal. When the red light is on, vessels 65 feet and over in length and drawing less than 25 the current) should tum and stem the current at feet must keep southerly of Hog Island Channel the designated stop points until the railroad bridge 5 Entrance Buoys Nos. 1 and 2 and utilize the gener- is in the raised (open) position. al anchorage areas adjacent to the improved chan- (2) Vessels 65 feet in length and over shall not nel. Vessel traffic drawing 25 feet and over are enter the canal until clearance has been obtained directed not to enter the canal channel at the from the marine traffic controller by radio. See Cleveland Ledge Light entrance and shall lay to or paragraph (c) \"Communications\" for procedures. If to anchor in the vicinit)'. of Buzzar~s Bay Buoy No. a vessel, granted prior clearance, is delayed or 11 (FLW ~ Bell) until clearance ts granted by the stops at the mooring basins, state pier, or the Sand- c.:anal ma~ne traffic .co~troller or a green traffic wich bulkhead, a second clearance must be ob- hght at Wmgs Neck ts displayed. When the yellow tained prior to continuing passage through the light is on, vessels may proceed through Hog Is- canal. 15 land Channel as far as the West Mooring Basin (3) Vessels will be given clearance in the order where they must stop. Prior to continuin~ passage of arrival, except when conditions warrant one- through the canal, clearance must be obtamed from way traffic, or for any reason an order ~f priority the. mari.ne traffic. contn?ller. .. ilsowniencgesosardry~r.clearance will be granted m the fol- (1) aRt att~lreoaBduzzBan~ddgseBSaiygnRalasi.lroTahde followmg s1g- n'.lls Bridge will be 20 (i) First-To vessels .owned or operated ~y the given stnct att~nttoi;i. .. United States, includmg contractors' eqmpment (1) The vertical hft span on the railroad bndge employed on canal maintenance or improvement is normally kept in the raised (open) position ex- work. cept when it is lowered for the passage of trains, or (ii) Second-To passenger vessels. 25 for maintenance purposes. Immediately preceding (iii) Third-To tankers and barges docking and the lowering of the span, the operator will sound undocking at the Canal Electric Terminal. two long blasts of an air horn. Immediately preced- (iv) Fourth-To merchant vessels, towboats, com- ing the raising of the span, the operator will sound mercial fishing vesseis, pleasure boats and miscella- one long blast of an air horn. When a vessel or neous craft. 30 craft of any type is approaching the bridge with (4) Procedures in adverse weather-Vessels carry- the span in the down (closed) position and the span ing flammable or combustible cargoes as defined in cannot be raised immediately, the operator of the 46 CPR 30.25 will be restricted from passage bridge will so indicate by sounding danger signals through the canal when visibility is less than ! of four short blasts in quick succession. mile. Other vessels may transit the canal in thick 35 (2) When the lift span is in the down (closed) weather by use of radar with the understanding position in foggy weather or when visibility is ob- that the United States Government will assume no scured by vapor, there will be four short blasts responsibility: And provided, That clearance has sounded from the bridge every two minutes. been obtained from the marine traffic controller. (j) Speed. All vessels are directed to pass moor- (h) Traffic lights. There are three sets of traffic 4-0 ing and boat basin facilities, the state pier, and all lights showing red, green, and yellow that are op- floating plant engaged in maintenance operations of erated on a continuous basis at the canal. The traf- the waterway at a minimum speed consistent with fie lights apply to all vessels 65 feet in length and safe navigation. In order to coordinate scheduled over. The traffic lights are a secondary system that rail traffic with the passage of vessels, to minimize is operated in support of the radio communications 45 erosion of the canal banks and dikes from excessive system. The traffic lig~ts are located at the easterly wave wash and suction, and for the safety of ves- canal entrance, Sandwich, and at th~ westerly en- sels using the canal, the following speed regulations tr~ce to Ho~ Isl~d Channel at Wmgs Neck. ~ must be observed by vessels of all types, including thtrd _traffic ~1ght ts located at. the Canal Elect~c pleasure craft. The minimum running time for the Termtf!al basm on ~he south stde of the. c.:anal m 50 land cut between the East Mooring Basin (Station Sandwich, and apphes only to vessels arnvmg and 35) and the Administration Office in Buzzards Bay departing that terminal. (Station 388) is prescribed as follows; Head tide, 60 (1) Westbound traffic-When the green light is on minutes; Fair tide, 30 minutes; and Slack tide, 45 at the eastern (Cape Cod Bay) entrance, vessels minutes. may pr<l<'.eed :westward through the canal. Whc:n 55 The minimum running time between the Admin- the red hght ts on, any type of vessel 65 feet m istration Office (Station 388) and Hog Island Chan- length and over must stop clear of the Cape Cod nel westerly entrance Buoy No. 1 (Station 661) is Bay entrance channel. When the yellow light is on, prescribed as follows: Head tide 46 minutes· Fair ~veasnsel2s5.6f5eefteemt ainy length and ofavrerasantd~edEraawstinMg<;l>eosrs- 60 tide, 23 minutes; and Slack tide: 35 minutes: The proceed as running time at slack water will apply to any vessel !118 Basm where they must stop. Pnor to contmu- which enters that portion of the canal between mg passage through ~e canal, clearance must be stations 35 and 661, within the period of one-half obtained from the manne traffic controll.er. . hour before or after the predicted time of slack (2) Eastbound traffic-When the green light 1S on water as given in the National Ocean Survey publi-

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 79 cation \"Current Tables, Atlantic Coast, North set, meeting and passing of vessels at the following America.\" The minimum running time during a location will be avoided: head tide or a fair tide shall apply to any vessel (i) Sagamore Bridge. which enters that portion of the canal between (ii) Bourne Bridge. Station 35 and 661 at any time other than designa- 5 (iii) Railroad Bridge. ted above for time requirements at slack tide. Ves- (iv) Mass. Maritime Academy. sels of any kind unable to make a through transit of (6) Unnecessary delay in canal-Vessels and other the land cut portion of the canal against a head type crafts must not obstruct navigation by unnec- current of 6.0 knots within a maximum time limit essarily idling at low speed when entering or pass- of 2 hours 30 minutes shall be required to obtain 10 ing through the canal. the assistance of a helper tug at the vessel owner's (7) Stopping in the waterway-Anchoring in the expense or await favorable tide conditions prior to Cape Cod Canal Channel is prohibited except in receiving clearance from the marine traffic control- emergencies. For the safety of canal operations it is ler. In the event vessels within the confines of the mandatory that the masters of all vessels anchoring canal fail to perform and are unable to make suffi- 15 in or adjacent to the canal channel (Cape Cod Bay cient headway against the currents, the marine traf- to Cleveland Ledge Light) for any reason, im- fic controller may activate a helper tug in accord- mediatel:y. no~ify the mari!1e traffic control~er. (8) Utihza~1on of moonng and boat basms and ance with paragraph (k) of this section. (k) Management of vessels. (1) Vessels within the ~and~1ch Bulkh~ad-Vessels mo.oring or the limits of the canal shall comply with applicable 20 ancho~ng m the moonng or ~oat basms at the navigation rules. Sandwich b1:1lkhead must do so m a manner not to (2) Vessels within the limits of the canal shall ob~t~~ct or impede. ~~sel mov~m~nts to an~ from comply with the applicable requirements for the facih~1e~. These facilities are of hm1t~d capacity ~d use of pilots established by the Coast Guard, in- permtss1on to occupy t~em ~or penods exceedmg eluding but not limited to those contained in 46 25 24 ~ours must be obtamed 1~ a~vance from the CPR 157.20-40. Vessels will not be granted clear- mary.ne traffic controller. Moonng ii:i the We~t Bo~t ance to enter the canal until the marine traffic Basm at ~uzzards Bay, .near the railroad bn~ge: IS controller has been notified of the name of the pilot not permttted ex~pt ~n an emergency. F1s~1!1g !'oats, yachts, cabm c~1sers and other c~aft utihz- who will be handling the vessel. (3) The master of a vessel will be responsible for 30 mg the East B?at Basm on the south side o~ the notifying the marine traffic controller as soon as an can~ at Sandwich, Massachu~tts are no.t permitted emergency situation appears to be developing. to tie UJ? at the Corps of Engmeers landm~ float or When in the opinion of the marine traffic control- anchor m. a manner to prevent canal floatmg plant 1 ·h . from havmg ready access to the float. All vessels er an emergency exists! e/she can requtre the 35 or barges left unattended must be securely tied master to accept t~e ass1s~ce o.f a helper vessel. with adequate lines or cables. The United States Whether or not asslS~ce is provided by a govern- assumes no liability for damages which may be ment vessel or by a pnvate firm under contrac~ to sustained by any craft using the bulkhead at Sand- the government, th.e government reserves the nght wich or the canal mooring or boat basin facilities. to seek c?mpensatlon from the vessel owners for 40 Vessels shall not be left unattended along the face all cos~ mcurred. . . of the government bulkhead. A responsible person (4) Right of Way-All v~ls proceedmg with with authority to authorize and/or accomplish ves- the current shall have the nght of way over those sel movement must remain onboard at all times. !>epr~ing against the current. All craft up !O 65 (1) Grounded, wrecked or damaged vessels. In feet m !ength shall <;>perated so as not to mter- 45 the event a vessel is grounded, or so damaged by fere with the nav1gat1on of vessels of greater accident as to render it likely to become an ob- length. . . struction and/or hazard to navigation in the water- (5) Passmg of vessels-1'.he ~assmg of on~ v~l way, the division engineer or the division en- ~y ano~h~r when proceedmg m ~e same d1rect1on gineer's authorized representative shall supervise IS _Pt<?hib1ted except when a l~dmg low powered 50 and direct all operations that may be necessary to ship 1s unable to make sufficient headway. How- remove the vessel to a safe locality. eve~,. extreme caut!on ~ust be observ~ to avoid (m) Commercial statistics. Masters of vessels coll1S10n, and cons1derat10n must be given to the shall furnish the marine traffic controller on each size of. the ship to be ove~en, v~~ocity of current passage through the canal their own ~ames, the and wtnd, and atmosphenc conditions. Masters of 55 pilots' name and an accurate oral or wntten state- vessels involved shall info\":Jl ~e ~ne tra~_c ment of passengers, freight, and other pertinent controller on duty of developmg situations to fac1h- vessel data as required. tate coordination of vessel movement. Meeting or (n) Deposit of refuse. No oil or other allied liq- passing of vessels at the easterly end of the canal uids, ashes, or materials of any kind shall be between Station Minus 40 and Station 60 will not 60 thrown, pumped or swept into the canal or its be permitted, except in cases of extreme emergen- approaches from any vessel or craft using the cy, in order to allow vessels to utilize the center waterway, nor shall any refuse be de~s~ted on line range to minimize the effects of hazardous canal grounds, marine structures, or facibties. . eddies and currents. Due to bank suction and tidal (o) Trespass to property. Subject to the prov1-

80 2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS sions of paragraph (q) of this section trespass upon continuously overseen and in compliance with state the canal property is prohibited. or town laws. (p) Bridges over the canal. The government (8) Control of animals and pets. (i) No person owns, operates and maintains all bridges across the shall bring or have horses in camping, picnic, canal which include one railroad bridge and two 5 swimming beaches or developed recreation areas. highway bridges. The division engineer or his/her (ii) No person shall bring dogs (except seeing authorized representative may establish rules and eye dogs), cats, or other pets into developed recre- regulations governing the use of these bridges. ation areas unless penned, caged, or on a leash no (q) Recreational use of canal.-(1) Policy. (i) I! is longer than six feet or otherwise under physical the policy of the Secretary of the Army actmg IO restrictive controls at all times. through the Chief of Engineers to provide the pub- (9) Restrictions. (i) The division engineer may lie with safe and healthful recreational opportuni- establish a reasonable schedule of visiting hours for ties within all water resource development projects all or portions of the project area and close or administered by the Chief of Engineers, including restrict the public use of all or any portion of the the canal and government lands part thereof. Any 15 project by the posting of appropriate signs indicat- recreational use of the canal and those lands shall ing the extent and scope of closure. All persons be at the users own risk. shall observe such posted restrictions. (ii) All water resource developm~nt projects ~ii) The o~eration .or 1;1se of. any audio or. o~her open for recreational use shall be avatlable to the noise produ~m~ device ~ncludmg, ';>ut n?t hmited public without regard to sex, race, creed, color or 20 to, commumcatlons media and vehicles m such a national origin. No lessee, licensee, or concession- manner as to unreasonably annoy, endanger per- aire providing a service to the public shall discrimi- sons .o.r affect vessel traffic through the canal is nate against any person or persons because of sex, prohibited. race, creed, color or national origin in the conduct (10) Explosives, firearms, other weapons and of operations under the lease, license or concession 25 fireworks. (i) The possession of loaded firearms, contract. ammunition, projectile firing devices, bows and ar- (2) Motor vehicles. Operation of motor vehicles, rows, crossbows, and explosives of any kind is pro- motorcycles, minibikes, mopeds, motorbikes, snow- hibited unless in the possession of a law enforce- mobiles, and all types of off-road vehicles is pro- ment officer or Government employee on official hibited on government lands and service roads ex- 30 duty or used for hunting during the hunting season cept in areas specifically designated for such opera- as permitted under paragraph (q)(6) of this section, tion. or unless written permission has been received (3) Swimming. Swimming, skin diving, snor- from the division engineer. kling, and scuba diving in the canal between the (ii) The possession or use of fireworks is prohibi- east entrance in Cape Cod Bay and the west en- 35 ted unless written permission has been received trance at Cleveland Ledge Light are prohibited. from the division engineer. Diving operations may be authorized by the En- (11) Public property. Destruction, injury, deface- gineer-In-Charge in conjunction with operation and ment or removal of public property including natu- maintenance of the canal. ral formations, historical and archeological features (4) Camping. Overnight tenting or camping on 40 and vegetative growth is prohibited without writ- government land is prohibited except in areas des- ten permission of the division engineer. ignated by the division engineer. Bourne Scenic (12) Abandonment of personal property. Park and Scusset Beach State Reservation are des- (i) Abandonment of personal property is prohibi- ignated camping areas. Persons asleep during hours ted. Personal property shall not be left unattended of darkness in or out of vehicles shall be consid- 45 upon the lands or waters of the project except in ered as campers. accordance with this regulation. After a period of (5) Fishing. Persons may fish with rod and line 24 hours, abandoned or unattended personal prop- from the banks of the canal on Federally owned erty shall be impounded and stored at a storage property ex~e~t areas designa~ed by the d~vision ~int designated by the division engineer. The divi- engmeer. Ftshmg and lobstermg by boat. m the so s10n engineer shall assess a reasonable impound- Cape Cod Canal between the east entrance m Cape ment fee, which shall be paid before the im- Cod Bar and the ~~st en~r~ce at Cle~eland pounded property is returned to its owners. ~dge ~tght are prohtbtted. Ftshmg by ~a~ is per- (ii) The division engineer shall, by public or pri- m1tted m the ar~ west of the State Pier m Buz- vate sales or otherwise, dispose of all lost, aban- zards Bay, provided tha~ all craft stay out of the 55 ~oned, or unclaimed personal property that comes channel defined by ~mted States Coast Guard mto his/her custody or control. However, efforts buoys and beacons. Fish and game laws of the should be made to find the owner the owner's United Stat':8 and the Commonwealth of Mas- heirs or next of kin, or legal represe~tatives. If the sachusetts ~ill be e~for<?ed. . . ~wner, heirs or next of kin, or legal representative .(6) Huntmg. Hunttng is _permitted m accordance 60 1S d~termined but not found, the property may not with game laws of the Umted States and the Com- be dlSposed of until the expiration of 120 days after monw~th of Massachusetts.. the ~ate when notice, giving the time and place of . (7) Ftres. No OPc:;D frres ~~l be allowed at any the mt~nded sale o_r other disposition, has been sent time except by special pemuss1on and then shall be by certified or registered mail to that person at last

2. NAVIGATION REGULATIONS 81 known address. When diligent effort to determine True, 235 yards to latitude 40°35'10# N., longitude the owner, owner's heirs or next of kin, or legal 73°51'14#W.; thence 236°True, 1,650 yards to lati- representative is unsuccessful, the property may be tude 40°34'43# N., longitude 73°52'08wW.; thence disposed of without delay, except that if it has a 345°True, 1,350 yards to latitude 40°35'2rN., lon- fair market value of $25 or more the property 5 gitude 73°52'21 ww.; and thence 34°True, 440 yards generally may not be disposed of until three to the point of beginning. months after the date it is received at the Cape (b) The regulations. (1) Vessels shall not anchor Cod Canal Administrative Office. The net proceeds or moor within the restricted area. from the sale of property shall be placed into the (2) All vessels traversing the area shall pass di- Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous re- 10 rectly through without unnecessary delay, and ceipts. shall give seaplanes the right-of-way at all times. (13) Lost and found articles. All abandoned/lost (3) The regulations in this section shall be en- articles shall be deposited by the finder at the forced by the Commander, Third Coast Guard Canal Administration office or with Canal ranger. District, and such agencies as he may designate. The finder shall leave his/her name, address, and 15 §207.50 Hudson River Lock at Troy, N.Y.; phone number. All lost articles shall be disposed of navigation. (a) Authority of lockmaster. The in accordance with procedures set forth in para- lockmaster shall be charged with the immediate graph (q)(12) of this section. control and management of the lock, and of the (14) Advertisement. Advertising by the use of area set aside as the lock area, including the lock billboards, signs, markers, audio devices or any 20 approach channels. He shall see that all laws, rules other means whatever is prohibited unless written and regulations for the use of the lock and lock permission has been received from the division en- area are duly complied with, to which end he is gineer. authorized to give all necessary orders and direc- (15) Commercial activities. The engaging in or tions in accordance therewith, both to employees solicitation of business without the written permis- 25 of the Government and to any and every person sion of the division engineer is prohibited. within the limits of the lock or lock area, whether (16) .Unauthorized structures. The construction navigating the lock or not. No one shall cause any or placing of any structure of any kind under, upon movement of any vessel, boat, or other floating or over the project lands or waters is prohibited thing in the lock or approaches except by or under unless a permit has been issued by the division 30 the direction of the lockmaster or his assistants. engineer. Structures not under permit are subject (b) Signals. Steamboats or tows desiring lockage to summary removal by the division engineer. in either direction shall give notice to the lock (17) Special events. Prior approval must be ob- tenders, when not more than three-fourths mile tained from the Engineer-In-Charge for special from the lock, by one long blast of (10 seconds' events, recreational programs and group activities. 35 duration), followed by one short blast (of three The public shall not be charged any fee by the seconds' duration), on a whistle or horn. When the sponsor of such event unless the division engineer lock is ready for entrance a green light will be has approved in writing the proposed schedule of shown from the river wall. An amber light will fees. indicate that the lock is being made ready for en- (18) Interference with government employees. 40 trance. A red light will indicate that the approach- Interference with any government employee in the ing vessel must wait. Whenever local conditions conduct of offical duties pertaining to the adminis- make it advisable the visual signals will be supple- tration of these regulations is prohibited. mented by sound signals as follows: §207.37 Jamaica Bay, Long Island, N.Y., seaplane (1) One long blast of a horn to indicate that the restricted area. (a) The restricted area. An area in 45 vessel must wait. Jamaica Bay bounded as follows; Beginning at lati- (2) One short blast of a horn to indicate that the tude 40°36'22\"N., longitude 73°52'47\"W.; thence lock is being made ready for entrance. 157° True, 1,125 yards to latitude 40°35'52# N., (3) Two short blasts of a horn to indicate per- longitude 73°52'30\"W.; thence l l3°True, 3,020 mission to enter the lock. yards to latitude 40°35'17\" N., longitude so (4) Four short and rapid blasts to attract atten- 73050'42\"W.; thence 194\"True, 250 yards to lati- tion, indicate caution, and signal danger. (c) Draft of boats. Deep-draft boats must cl~ar tude 40°35'10\" N., longitude 73°50'44\"W.; thence 238°True, 3,270 yards to latitude 40°34'18# N., Ion- the miter sills by at least 3 inches. Boats drawmg gitude 73°52'3 l \"W.; thence 326°True, 465 yards to too much water will not be allowed to lighter latitude 40°34'29\" N., longitude 73\"52'42\"W.; ss cargo in the entrances. .. thence 30°True, 875 yards to latitude 40°34'52\" N., (d) Precedence at the lock. The vessel arnvmg longitude 73°52'25\"W.; thence 344°True, 3,000 first at the lock shall be first to lock throug~; but yards to latitude 40°36'lr N., longitude precedence shall be given to vessels belongmg to 73°52'58wW.; and thence 60°True, 325 yards to the the United States and to commercial vessels in the point of beginning; excluding therefrom Nova Seo- 60 order named. Arrival posts or markers may be es- tia Bar defined by lines connecting the following: tablished ashore above or below the lock. Vessc:ls From latitude 40°35'33\"N., longitude 73°52'12\"W.; arriving at or opposite sue~ posts or markers .~11 thence l12°True, 1,500 yards to latitude be considered as having arnved at the lock w1th1_n 40\"35'17\"N., longitude 73°51'17\"W.; thence 163° the meaning of this paragraph. If the traffic ts

82 2. NAYIGATION REGULATIONS crowded in both directions; up and down lockages other parts. Steamboats must be provided with suit- will usually be made alternately, but the lock tend- able fenders, etc. One man shall be kept at the head er may permit two or more lockages to be made at of every tow till it has cleared the lock and guide one time in the same direction when this will not walls, and shall use the fender to prevent scarring cause unreasonable delay. In case two or more 5 the walls. boats or tows are to enter for the same lockage, (k) Handling machinery. None but employees of the United States will be allowed to move any they shall enter as directed by the lock tender. No valve, gate, or other machinery belonging to the boat shall run ahead of another while in the lock. lock. The boat that enters first shall leave first. 10 (l) Refuse in lock. Throwing ashes, refuse, or (e) Lockage of pleasure boats. The lockage of other obstruction in the entrances or in the lock, or pleasure boats, house boats or like craft shall be on the walls thereof, and passing coal from flats or expedited by locking them through with commer- barges to a steamboat while in the lock is prohibi- cial craft (other than barges carrying gasoline or ted. highly hazardous materials) in order to utilize the 15 (m) Commercial statistics. Masters or clerks of capacity of the lock to its maximum. Lackage of boats shall furnish in writing to lock tenders such pleasure craft may be made with commercial craft statistics of passengers and cargoes as may be re- carrying petroleum products other than gasoline quired. on . States prope~~· Trespass provided a clear distance of at least 100 feet be- (n) !respass Umted .• . 20 on Umted States property, or willful mJury to the tween such vess~ls can be the lock. banks, masonry, fences, trees, houses, machinery, mamtamed m If, af~er the arnval of such craft, ~o sepru:at~ or or other property of the United States at or near combmed l~kage can be accompbs~ed withi.n a the lock is strictly prohibited. reasonable time, not to exceed the time reqmred (o) Penalties. In addition to the penalties pre- for three other lockages, then separate lockage 25 scribed by law, boats which fail to comply with shall be made. the regulations in this section will thereafter be (f) Stations while waiting. Boats waiting their refused lockage until assurances have been re- turn to enter the Jock must lie at a sufficient dis- ceived, satisfactory to the District Engineer, Corps tance from the lock and in such a position as to of .Engin~ers, New Y~rk, N~w York, that the regu- leave sufficient room for the passage of boats leav- 30 lations will be complied with. . ing the lock §207.60 Federal Dam, Hudson River, Troy, N.Y.; (g) ~nnec· e~y delay._ (1) Boats must not cause pool level. (a) Whenever the elevation of the pool created by the Federal dam at Troy, N.Y., shall d~lay m. entermg or leavm~ the lock. ~~ste~s an~ fall to a point level with the crest of the main pilots will be held to a stnct accountability m this 35 spillway, the elevation of which is + 14.33 feet matter, and those with tows must provide .~nough mean sea level, the operation of the power plant men to move barges promptly. Boats fatlmg to shall cease and further operation thereof shall be enter the lock with reasonable promptness after suspended until such time as the water level rises to or above + 14.43 feet mean sea level. being signaled will lose their tum. (2) Tugboats arriving with their tows in a condi- 40 . (b) Flashb~ards may be maintained on the sec- tion which will delay locking shall lose their turn if tlon of the spillway of the dam .having an e~evation so ordered by the lock tender. Leaking boats may of + 14.3~ feet m~an se~ level m order to mcrease the elevation o~ ~his se~tlon to be excluded until put in shape to be passed through that of the auxiliary spillway, an e+le1v6a.3ti3onfeeeqt umaleaton safie1Y· . .. . or . 45 sea level: Provided, That the flashboards are so (h) Moonng. Boats m the lock or. waitmg m the erected as to drop automatically when the pool entrance shall be moored where directed by the level rises to an elevation of + 18.5 feet mean sea lock tender, by bow, stem, and spring lines, to the level, and conform in other respects to the plans snubbing posts or line hooks. Tying boats to the attached thereto. lock ladders is strictly prohibited. 50 (c) :Ue tide staff to be used in determining the (i) Protection of lock gates. Boats will not be elevation of the pool shall be the ceramic tide staff permitted to enter or leave the lock until the Jock now located on the westerly face of the east lock gates are at rest in the gate recesses and the Jock wa~I n<;>rth of the northerly gates, the zero of tender has directed the boat to start. which is set 2 fee.t below mean sea level. . 55 (d) The regulations of the pool level and the (j) Damage to w alls, etc. All cra~t passmg maintenance of flashboards shall be subject to the o·1stn·ct sthharorpugchomtheerslowckh1.mchusmt i·bgehtfrsecearfrtohme wparolljsecotriom.nsj.uorer supervision Canitdy.approval of the Engm· eer, New York

3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK The Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Sandy then depositing sand to close the opening. The Hook embraces part of the coast of Massachusetts shore near the water is low, grassy, and nearly and all of the coasts of Rhode Island, Connecticut, level, but gradually rises with a series of gentle and New York. To the mariner this area presents curves to higher wooded lands some distance back. problems of unusual difficulty because of the off- 5 Block Island is another formation of the glacier. lying shoals, strong and variable currents, large A prominent feature of the island is the entire amounts of fog, and turbulence of wind and sea in absence of trees. The surface when viewed from the great storms that so frequently sweep it. Addi- eastward has a grassy undulating appearance, and tionally, the mariner is faced with the great volume the hills in many places show steep sandy faces. of waterborne traffic that moves through the area 10 Near the shoreline the land is low, but rapidly rises to and from the Port of New York. toward the center of the island to steep hills cov- Prominent features.-The principal geographic ered only with grass and dotted occasionally with features include Georges Bank, Nantucket and houses. Vineyard Sounds, Buzzards Bay, Narragansett Bay, The boundary line between Rhode Island and Long Island Sound and tributaries, and New York 15 Connecticut follows the Pawcatuck River to above Harbor and tributaries including the Hudson River. the head of navigation. Cape Cod, a long peninsula jutting eastward The coastline of Connecticut is rock-bound and from the mainland of Massachusetts, may be lik- rugged, with numerous sandy beaches and occ~- ened to an arm bent upward at the elbow· It was sional salt meadows or marshland. The surface is originally formed by the last great glacier and has 20 mildly rolling near the shore. The depression of been refashioned by t~e ~as and wind. The outer small valleys along the shore has created a number end of The .Cape, as it ts ~ailed by eastern N~w of good harbors. The shoreli~e h~ been ~ell. de- Englanders, is a barren ~egion of sand dunes .with veloped commercially and res1dent1ally. It is h~ed long yellow beaches, while much of the remamder with seaside resorts State parks, and bathmg of the forearm is bleak grassy country. The south- 25 beaches. ' em side of the ~eltalike plain of Cape Cod has The boundary line between Connecticu~ and been cut along high bluffs by the surf and waves. New York follows the Byram River for slightly This section of the coast is covered with growth of over 1 mile. pitch pine and scrub, oak: . Long Island, originally formed by the glacier Nantucket, Martha s Vmeyard! the Ehzabeth Is- 30 and thrusting about 105 miles eastward from New lands, and numero~ smaller isl~ds were als~ York Bay to a point abreast of New London, faces fo~ed by the glacier. The plams of Martha s the New England coast across Long Island Sound Vmey~d and Nantucket ~e broad grassy heaths. on the north. The long, narrow outline of the is- The Ehzabeth Islands are hilly and partly wooded, land resembles that of a whale. Its eastern end is blu~s. anTd hgee.nweersatlelyrnthsheosrehoorfesBuazr~earlodws Bay ts 35 split by Peconic Bay and the 35-and 25-mile penin- sula thus formed are the north and south flukes. of moder- a.te height! very sc::ntly slopmg, cleared, and cul- The island is almost a plain. On the north coast tlvated with occ~1onal groves of trees. Sey~ral bluffs rise to a height of 200 feet. South of these, towns and the city of New Bedford are visible extending well into the island's midsecti<;>n, run sc::v- 40 acoloaBnse~gt~ttseheeansh~Boursezsz.aordf ssaanndd eral chains of hills. The south shore is a barner Narrag~sett Bays the beach from about 30 miles west of the eastern dunes with steep faces extremity to the western end, which has been de- formmg .a lme along the shore. Several headlands veloped into a series of bathing resorts. along this stretch of coast have fme sand beaches Dum Sites and Dumping Grounds.-These areas beTtwheeenbothuenmda. ry line between Massachusetts and 45 are rarPely mentt·o~ed m· the Coast Pilot, b. ut are QRhuiocdkesanIsdlaPndoinstt.n·kes the coast J·USt westward of sD. huomwpnm.ogn Gthreonuanudtsi,caclhcahpatertrs.1(,SaenedDcuhmarptsSfioters laimnd- Among the islands in Narragansett Bay are its.). .. . · h hi ad' be _ Rhode (Aquidneck) Island Conanicut and Pru- Aids to D8Tig&tion.-L1ghts, a hg ts p, r 10 ak dence. These rather large islands are gently slop- 50 cons, and buoys are th~ principal guides that mar f ing ourncdhualradtisn,g~adndocccoavseiorendal with cultivated fields the approaches to hthaevet.mfopgo~stt~~h~arbaonrds. M~ny 0 and groves of trees. the light stations radtobea- Westerly from Point Judith to Napatree Point is cons, particularly those m the v1c101ty of the larger a continuous line of beaches behind which are 55 ports. .. f many saltponds. These ponds have· been formed by (~ee ~he Li~ht List for a complete descnptton o the sea breaking through the outer sand barrier and navtgattonal aids.) 83

84 3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK Loran.-Loran C provides the mariner with good Newport, Providence, New London, New Haven, navigation coverage along this section of the coast. and Bridgeport on the mainland, Greenport and Port Jefferson on Long Island, City Island, New Radar is an important aid in most of this area, York, and vast New York Harbor. (See Part 110, but should not be relied upon for ranges to the beach in areas such as the south coast of Long 5 chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) Island which offer a relatively low relief. Many of Dangers.-The most important dangers confront- the coastal buoys are equipped with radar reflec- ing the navigator when approaching the area are tors. Radar is of particular importance in detecting the great banks and shoals in the eastern approach. other traffic and in the prevention of collisions The remainder of the isolated dangers throughout during periods of low visibility, which are common to the area and in the approaches to the harbors are in this area. for the most part well marked and charted. COLREGS Demarcation Lines.-Lines have been established to delineate those waters upon which Charts 13204, 13203, 13200.-Georges Bank. is an mariners must comply with the Inland Naviga- extensive bank with depths of less than 50 fathoms, tional Rules Act of 1980 (Inland Rules). The wa- 15 extending for over 150 miles northeastward from ters inside of the lines are Inland Rules Waters, and the offshore end of Nantucket Shoals. the waters outside of the lines are COLREGS Wa- In heavy weather the danger area may be con- ters. (See Part 80, chapter 2, for specific lines of sidered to be the oval-shaped top of the bank demarcation.) which is about 80 miles long in a northeast and Vessel Traffic Management.-(See Part 161, Sub· 20 southwest direction and which has a maximum part A, chapter 2, for regulations requiring no.ti.flea- widt~ of about 50 miles. ~e bottom ~ithin this tions of arrivals, departures, hazardous conditions, area IS extremely broken and irregular, with a great and certain dangerous cargoes to the Captain of number of ridges and shoal spots having depths of the Port.) less than 10 fathoms. Between these shoals are Harbor entrances.-The entrances to most of the 25 channels of varying widths in which depths of harbors have dredged channels marked with about 20 fathoms may be found. All of this area navigational aids and are easy of access. In some lies within the 30-fathom curve and so mu~h of it cases jetties and breakwaters extend offshore from has depths of less than 20 fathoms that it may the entrances. The entrances to the inlets along the practically all be considered to lie within a general- south shore of Long Island are subject to frequent 30 ized 20-fathom curve. change due to the shifting sand bars. On the southeast side of the bank, outside the 20- Traffic Separation Schemes (Traffic Lanes) have fathom curve, the water deepens gradually and been established in the approaches to Buzzards with such regularity that soundings would be of Bay, Narragansett Bay, and New York Harbor. considerable value in approaching the bank. On the (See chapters 5, 6, and 11, respectively, for details.) 35 northwest side the water deepens more rapidly. Cbannels.-Federal project depth is the dredging The bottom is generally of sand, sometimes with depth of a channel as authorized by an Act of shell, and in places pebbles. Bottom samples as Congress upon recommendation of the Chief of obtained during surveys are shown in a great many Engineers, U.S. Army. Controlling depth in a chan- places on the charts. nel is its least depth; it restricts use of the channel 40 The two principal dangers on Georges Bank are to drafts less than that depth. Georges Shoal and Cultivator Shoal, which are Where deepwater channels are maintained by the near the center of the danger area. Around these Corps of Engineers and the controlling depths are shoals the sea breaks in depths of 10 fathoms dur- printed on the charts in tabular form, the Coast ing heavy weather, and the locality should be Pilot usually gives only the project depths. Owing 45 avoided by deep-draft vessels. to constant shoaling in places, depths may vary Georges Shoal is a ridge about 13 miles long on considerably between maintenance dredgings; con- which are several shallow depths of t • to 3 fath- sult the Notice to Mariners for channel depths sub- oms. sequent to charted information. Cultivator Shoal, about 20 miles westward of Where secondary channels are maintained regu- 50 Georges Shoal, is a ridge nearly 15 miles long on larly by the Corps of Engineers, the Coast Pilot which depths of 3 to 10 fathoms are found. The 3- gives the controlling depths together with the dates fathom spot is near the north end of the shoal. In of the latest surveys. December 1980 a submerged obstruction was re- in the case of other channels, the controlling ported about 8.7 miles northwest of the 3-fathom dep~hs printed in the.Coast Pilot are from the latest 55 ~pot in about 41°43'N., 68\"23'W.; vessels engaged available reports which may, however, be several m bottom operations are advised to exercise cau- years old. tion in the area. Anchorqes.-There are numerous anchorages in The entire area within the 20-fathom curve has Nantucket and Vin~yard Sounds, Buzzards, Narra- an extremely broken bottom. There are numerous gansett, and Gardmers. Bays, and Long Island 60 ridges ~d. shoal s~ts on which depths dangerous C?d~und, where vessels with good ground tackle can to nav1gat1on, particularly in heavy weather, may nde out any gal~. Between Cape and Sandy b_e found. These shoal spots generally have steep ~ook, the more important harbors, either commer- sides, and very little or no indication of their exist- ctally or as harbors of refuge, are New Bedford, ence is given by soundings. Tide rips and swirls, as

3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK 85 well as overfalls, are common in the vicinity of rotary, turning clockwise. The average velocity at these spots, but are not always visible. They show strength is 0.8 knot; the average minimum is 0.6 best with a smooth sea and with the current flow- knot. ing in certain directions. These disturbances are not Hourly average velocities and directions for usually over the shoalest depths, but are commonly 5 Davis Bank and the area near Nantucket Lightship, alongside them. Small, detached overfalls may be referred to predicted times of maximum flood at seen in 20 fathoms of water. The tidal currents are Pollock Rip Channel, are furnished in the Tidal rotary with no period of slack water. The velocity Current Tables. However the tidal currents are ap- at strength is about 2 knots, and the velocity of the preciably influenced by winds. minimum current which occurs about midway be- 10 Nantucket Shoals should be entirely avoided by tween the times of strength is about 1 knot. The deep-draft vessels when possible and by light-draft hourly velocities and directions of the tidal current vessels without local knowledge, on account of the are shown by means of current roses on National treacherous currents. There are, however, channels Ocean Survey charts. through these various shoals which can be negoti- A navigator must bear in mind while in an area 15 ated with local knowledge and caution. In calm of this character that it is impossible for the sur- weather at slack water these shoals are sometimes veyor, without a vast expenditure of time, to deter- difficult to see, and a vessel is liable to be taken mine and locate all of the shoalest spots on the into shoaler water than was intended. many dangerous shoals found. Sudden shoaling on Calm, clear days are few; when the sea is calm it such a bank must be considered an indication of 20 is usually foggy, and when clear, it is usually possibly dangerous water. This bank has not been rough. Also to be expected is a considerable wire dragged. amount of hazy weather, which limits visibility. Nantucket Shoals is the general name of the nu- Should it become necessary to anchor in this merous different broken shoals which lie southeast- area, open sea anchorage may be had anywhere ward of Nantucket Island and make this one of the 25 that depths permit. Due consideration should be most dangerous parts of the coast of the United given to the close proximity of shoals and possibili- States for the navigator. These shoals extend 23 ty of dragging due to the winds and currents. Gen- miles eastward and 40 miles southeastward from erally it has been found best to avoid the deeper Nantucket Island. They are shifting in nature, and channels and, when rougher water is experienced, the depths vary from 3 to 4 feet on some to 4 and 30 to anchor in the lee of a shoal, which would tend 5 fathoms on others, while slues with depths of I 0 to knock down the heavier swells. A scope of five fathoms or more lead between those farthest off- to one or greater should always be used. shore. The easterly edge of the shoals has depths of Nantucket Shoals Lightship (40°30'N., 69°28'W.), 3 and 4 fathoms in places. the leading mark for vessels passing southward of Area to be avoided.-Because of the great danger 35 Nantucket Shoals, is moored about 48 miles south- of stranding and for reasons of environmental pro- southe~tward of Nantucket Island. The vessel has tection, the Maritime Safety Committee, Inter- a red hull with the name NANTUCKET in large Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization white letters on the sides. A light, 55 feet above (IMCO), has established an area to be avoided in the water, is shown from the foremast. A the area of Nantucket Shoals. All vessels carrying 40 radiobeacon and fog signal are at the light. The cargoes of oil or hazardous materials and all other code flag signal and radio call is NNBN. vessels of more than 1,000 gross tons should avoid Nantucket Shoals is made up of the following the area bounded by the following points: parts: 41°16.S'N., 70°12.S'W.; 40°43.2'N., 70°00.S'W.; Phelps Bank, the southeasternmost part of the 40°44.S'N., 69°19.0'W.; 41°04.5'N., 69°19.0'W.; 45 Nantucket Shoals, is about 6.5 miles long and 2.5 41°23.S'N., 69°31.S'W.; and 41°23.4'N., 70°02.S'W. miles wide. A lighted whistle buoy, marking the The currents in the area are strong and erratic, entrance to the Boston Harbor Traffic Separation reaching a velocity of 3 to 5 knots around the Scheme, is about 12 miles eastward of Phelps Bank. Asia Rip, the shoalest point of the bank with St edges of the shoals. They are made erratic by the obstruction of the shoals, in some cases being de- 50 fathoms, is at the southern end. The wreck of the fleeted to such an extent as to cause the direction SS OREGON, covered 31 fathoms, is at 40°45'N., to change 180° from one side of the shoal to the 69°19' W., 3 miles south-southeastward of Asia other. Rip. A lighted gong buoy is about 1 mile south- Tbe tidal current over the shoals is rotary, turn- ward of the wreck. ing clockwise. Observations in the area indicate an 55 Middle Rip, with a least-found depth of 4 fath- average velocity at strength of about 2.5 knots, but oms and lying north-northwest of Phelps Bank, is this probably varies appreciably from place to about 13.5 miles long and 4.5 miles wide. This place. Similarity the direction of the current at shoal consists of two large parts with depths. of 4 strength probably depends on the orientation of fathoms on the east and 61 fathoms on the west, channels between shoal areas. 60 separated by a channel with a depth of 7 fathoms Since the current is rotary, there is no true slack. and four outlying shoals of 8 to I0 fathoms. Observations in the area show an average minimum FIShing Rip, bow-shaped, with depths of 3 to 10 of about O.S knot. fathoms, is about 26 miles long north and south and The tidal current near Nantucket Lightship is 6.5 miles wide at its widest point. The north point

86 3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK is 20 miles 073° and the south point is 27.5 miles fathoms. Old Man Shoal extends 4.5 miles 136°, respectively, from Sankaty Head Light. A southwestward from a point 1.5 miles off the large wreck area, marked by a lighted gong buoy, southeastern end of Nantucket Island. Depths of 1! is near the southern part of Fishing Rip. A wreck to 2! fathoms are found on this shoal. and a submerged obstruction are also near the 5 McBlair Shoal, the northernmost of the Nan- southern portion of the rip in about 41°00.0'N., tucket Shoals and marked on its northern side by 69\"27.0'W. and 41\"01.0'N., 69°29.7'W., respectively. buoys, forms part of the southern side of Great The unmarked channel westward of Fishing Rip Round Shoals Channel. Depths on this shoal vary is obstructed by three shoals in the northern sec- from 2! to 3! fathoms. tion which have least-found depths of ?!, 4!, and 10 Great South Channel is the passage across Geor- 10 fathoms. In the southern part of this channel are ges Bank between the easternmost of the Nan- four shoals with depths of 8 to 10 fathoms. tucket Shoals and the westernmost shoal spots of Davis Bank, the innermost of the outer Nan- Georges Bank. It is about 30 miles wide and has a tucket Shoals, is bow-shaped and has depths of 2! least-depth of 25 fathoms. to 10 fathoms of water over it. The bank is about 15 30 miles long north and south and has a greatest Submarine canyons are indentations in the edge width of 4 miles. The wreck of the vessel PROG- of the Continental Shelf which is bounded on its RESS is off the inner edge of the bank about 13 seaward side by the 100-fathom curve. They may miles north-northeastward of the southern end of be traced from depths of 1,000 fathoms or more to the bank. 20 the shoaler areas of the Continental Shelf. The The channel westward of Davis Bank is marked navigator who has available some means of echo at each end by a lighted buoy. The use of this sounding should have in mind the various canyons channel should be restricted to clear weather due found in this locality. The soundings in crossing to the strong currents encountered throughout this them are very characteristic in each case, and such area. 25 soundings may be used to determine the vessel's Position with considerable accuracy. Chart 13200.-The inner Nantucket Shoals all lie The names of some of the most important sub- within tlie 10-fathom curve. The area is very foul. marine canyons are shown on the charts. The lon- Only a few of the shoals are described. Davis South gitude following the name is approximate and only Shoal, about 20 miles south-southeast of Sankaty 30 given to assist in locating the feature on the chart. Head, consists of two spots of 2! and 2! fathoms Corsair Canyon, 66° lO'W., on the eastern side of about 1.5 miles apart. A buoy is about 1 mile Georges Bank, has a northwesterly trend. On the north-northeastward of the 2!-fathom spot. A light- southern side and toward the western end of Gear- ed whistle buoy is about 15 miles southward of the ges Bank, having a northerly trend, are Lydonia shoal. 35 Canyon, 67°40' W.; Gilbert Canyon, 67\"50' W.; Old South Shoal, consisting of two spots 2! fath- Oceanographer Canyon, 68°05' W.; and Welker Can- oms with a 2-fathom spot and foul ground between yon, 68°30' W. Southeastward and southward of them, is about 13.5 miles southeast of Sankaty Nantucket Shoals, having a northerly trend, are Head. This shoal is unmarked. Hydrographer Canyon, 69°00'. W.; Veatch Canyon, 40 69\"35'W.; and Atlantis Canyon, 70\"15'W. Block Charts 13200, 13237.-Great Rip, about 13 miles Canyon, 71\"20'W., is south-southeasterly of Block east-southeast of Sankaty Head, has depths of 1 to Island Sound and has a north-northwesterly trend. 2! fathoms. This shoal is about 7 miles long north Hudson Canyon, 72°20' W., extends northwestward and south from 1 to 2 miles wide. A lighted buoy to the mouth of the Hudson River. The inshore marks its southern end. About 1.5 miles westward 45 section of this canyon is called Mud Gorge. of Great Rip and separated from it by depths of 14 to 19 fathoms is an unnamed and unmarked shoal Wrecks.-Many vessels have been wrecked along of 1i to 2! fathoms. Breakers are usually observed this coast as a result of collision, foundering, and on the shoal. other causes. Most of the offshore wrecks have Rose and Crown is a boot-~haped shoal with its so been located and wire dragged to determine the southern end about 10.5 miles east of Sankaty least depth over the highest projecting part. Dan- Head. The shoal extends about 5 miles northward gerous wrecks for the most part are marked by and then 3 miles ~estward. Depths of 11 and 1i buoy~ of various colors and shapes and often show fathoms are found m the leg of the boot, a depth of a qmck·flashing or an interrupted quick-flashing i fathom and m8:fked by a lighted whistle buoy 55 light. northeastward of 1t forms the heel, and a depth of Many vessels have grounded in fog on the south l l fathoms is found in !he toe. No~ward of the side of Long Island and on Block Island. Probably toe of Rose and Crown is a shoal with foul ground many of these wrecks could have been avoided if and spots o~ 1i and 21 fathoms. Rose and Crown frequent soundings had been taken in approaching breaks h~vily. . 60 the coast. Vessels equipped to do so should make Bass. Rip, about 2.~ miles eastward of Sankaty good use of the electronic aids to navigation sys- Head, 18 about 3.5 miles Jong north and south. A terns along the coast to check their position fre- depth of i fathom is 3 miles 115° from the light. quently. The northern end of the shoal has a depth of 2 Lobster pots.-The coastal waters contain nu-

3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK 87 merous lobster pots. Small painted wooden buoys 41°05'N., and 42°00'N., and longitude 67°17'W., of various designs and colors, secured by small and 68°35' W. should be avoided. In heavy weath- lines, float on the surface; in some cases a second er the sea breaks on the spots with 10 fathoms or buoy, usually an unpainted wooden stick or bottle less, and strong tide rips are encountered. The tide and difficult to see, is attached to the lobster pot. 5 rips do not always indicate shoal water. These buoys extend from shore out to, and in many Vessels passing southward of the dangerous part cases across, the sailing routes. Small yachts and of Georges Bank should keep in 30 fathoms or motor boats are cautioned against fouling them, more. Approaching this part of the bank from east- which is liable to result in a sprung shaft or lost ward or southward, the water shoals gradually. propeller. Fishtraps and fish havens are discussed 10 Approaching from the westward, the depths are in chapter 1. irregular and the water shoals abruptly in places of Fishweirs are numerous along the outside coast 20 fathoms or less. On the north side of Georges and inside waters. The stakes often become broken Bank between longitudes 66°00'W., and 68°00'W., off and form a hazard to navigation, especially at the 100-fathom and 50-fathom curves are only a night. Regulations limiting the areas within which 15 few miles apart, and when approaching the danger- fishweirs may be established have been prescribed ous part of the bank from northward SO fathoms by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army. The areas may be taken as a good depth to avoid the shoals. within which fishweirs are permitted are shown on Vessels equipped with echo sounding and fol- charts of 1:80,000 scale and larger. The exact loca- lowing the 100-fathom curve along the south side tions of the weirs within the designated areas are 20 of Georges Bank can frequently verify their posi- not shown. Strangers should proceed with caution tion when crossing the several submarine gorges or when crossing areas of possible fishweirs, and canyons. should avoid crossing such areas at night. Approaching New York from the vicinity of Danger zones have been established within the Nantucket Shoals Lightship, a slight allowance area of this Coast Pilot. (See Part 204, chapter 2, 25 should be made for a southwesterly set of the cur- for limits and regulations.) rent. Should the wind be easterly, it is customary Drawbridges.-(See 117.78 through 117.225, chap- to allow, in order to make a course good, a set of ter 2, for the general and/or special regulations and the current with it of at least 0.5 knot. opening signals for the drawbridges within the area The North Atlantic Lane Routes are described in of this Coast Pilot.) Where these regulations apply, 30 Pub. No. 140, Sailing Directions, North Atlantic references to them are made in the Coast Pilot Ocean (Planning Guide), published by the Defense under the name of the bridge or the waterway over Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Cen- which the bridge crosses. The special regulations, ter, Washington, D.C. They are shown on *Pilot which are prescribed for a number of specific Chart No. 16 of the North Atlantic Ocean. bridges, allow certain drawbridges to be unat- 35 Deep-draft vessels coming from Cape Hatteras, tended during specified times and dates. Such Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, or New York usu- bridges may not be required to open at all or may ally make Nantucket Shoals Lightship, thence open only during specified periods, and normally a through Great South Channel to Cape Cod or the specified minimum advance notice must be given to Gulf of Maine. the authorized representative of the bridge owner 40 Vessels of medium draft coming from the south- to have the bridge opened; the exact procedure for ward, or southbound from Boston or ports farther contacting this representative must generally be east, may use Cape Cod Canal, or Vineyard and posted on signs at the bridge. (See 117.1 and Nantucket Sounds via Pollock Rip Channel. Great 117.la, chapter 2, for additional information of a Round Shoals Channel is also available, but seldom very general nature that applies to all draw- 45 used, as an entrance to or exit from Nantucket bridges.) Sound. The controlling depth for these passages is from 27 to 32 feet. They a void Nantucket Shoals Routes.-Approaching this section of the coast is and are used by coasting vessels. Small vessels and dangerous for all vessels because of the off-lying pleasure craft usually pass through Long Island banks and shoals, the strong and variable currents, so Sound when proceeding coastwise. frequency of fog, and the broken nature of the Currents.-The Tidal Current Tables should be bottom. Soundings alone are of little value in estab- consulted for specific information about times, di- lishing the position of a vessel, but the depth rections, and velocities of the current at the nu- should be checked frequently to insure that the merous locations throughout the area. It must be vessel clears all dangers. 55 borne in mind that the current to which a vessel is In thick weather especially, the greatest caution subjected at any time is the combination of tidal is necessary, and vessels equipped to do so should current, wind current, and other currents such as make good and timely use of the electronic aids to those due to drainage or oceanic circulation. navigation systems to check their position frequent- Away from the immediate vicinity of the shore, ly. The depth should never be shoaled to less than 60 the tidal currents are generally rotary. They shift 15 fathoms without an accurate fix having been direction, usually clockwise, at an average rate of obtained, and it is advisable to remain offshore in about 30° an hour. They attain velocities of 1 to 2.4 knots or more throughout the Nant~?ket Sho~s- depths of 20 fathoms or more. The part of Georges Bank lying between latitude Georges Bank area, the larger veloc1ties occurtng

88 3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK generally over the shoaler parts of the area. Be- tions which transmit weather information are given tween Nantucket Island and Sandy Hook their in the appendix. velocities generally do not exceed 0.5 knot except Storm warning display locations are listed on in the vicinities of the entrances to the larger bays NOS charts and shown on the Marine Weather and inland waterways, where the velocities in- 5 Services Charts published by the National Weather crease as the entrances are approached. For con- Service. The Marine Weather Services Charts, siderable distances from the entrances, strengths of which also show radio stations which transmit ma- flood and ebb set, respectively, toward and away rine weather broadcasts and additional information from those entrances, and minimums of velocity, of interest to mariners, are available from the Na- corresponding to the slacks of reversing currents, 10 tional Ocean Survey, Distribution Division set at right angles to the directions of the flood and (OA/C44), 6501 Lafayette Avenue, Riverdale, Md. ebb strengths. 20737, and its authorized sales agents. Offshore and away from the influence of the General.-The area covered in this Coast Pilot tidal flow into and out of the Gulf of Maine and lies in the \"prevailing westerly belt\" of the middle the larger bays, the tidal current maintains an ap- 15 latitudes on the east coast or leeward side of the proximate uniform velocity. Shifting its direction continent. The daily weather, which makes up the continuously to the right, it sets in all directions of climatic pattern, moves generally from west to the compass during each tidal cycle of 12.4 hours. east; consequently, the region is influenced more In the offshore area between Cape Cod and by land mass to the west than by the ocean to the Sandy Hook there is a resultant southward drift 20 east. The proximity of the ocean nevertheless, does which is stronger in winter than in summer and has exert; ~ts ~nfluence on the wind, temperature, and an average velocity less than 0.1 knot. prec1p1tat1on enough to modify the typical conti- Wind currents.-Wind currents are very compli- nenta! re~ime. Therefore, the climate on all but the cated. Their velocities and directions depend upon outl~mg islands can best be described as modified a number of factors such as velocity, direction, and 25 contme~tal. duration of the wind, the proximity of the coast . Superimposed on the .general westerly circula- and the direction of the coastline. Generally in the bon are the f~equent. wmd shifts and changes in Northern Hemisphere the wind-driven current sets weath~r associated with extratropical cyclones. In somewhat to the right of the wind, but in coastal the wmter, t~e center of the mean tracks followed waters there are many exceptions to this general 30 by e~trat~op1cal cy~lones traverses the area cov- rule, the current often setting to the left of the ered m this Coast Pilot. Usually the cyclones enter wind, due to the tendency of the current to follow the area from the west, passing through the the direction of the coastline or to other local northeastern States and down the St. Lawrence conditions. Valley. or they move from the southwest with the The velocity of the current relative to that of the 35 cenTthe~r offshore. . wind also varies with the location. It follows, coastal storms which move northeastward therefore, that local wind current information is are hkely to be .of greater severity from having desirable. Such information based upon extensive passed over c~nsiderable. water. Before the storm pa~ses current and wind observations at a number of sta- 40 center w~nds, 1t may. brmg heavy rain or snow. tions is given in the Tidal Current Tables. Strong sometimes o f hurricane force, ac- The largest current velocities likely to occur company tt. ~f the. center passes to the east of a during storms at a number of locations offshore vessel, the wmd wtll back from northeast through and in the sounds are given as follows: Pollock Rip no~h to northwest as the cyclone moves out of the tThheestnoorrmt,hwheasv~ue~rglycowminedsdiriencttlhye Entrance Lighted Horn Buoy PR, 2.5 knots; Stone 45 r~eaglfio.0n.f western Horse Shoal, 4 knots; Great Round Shoal Channel from the Lighted Whistle Buoy GRC, Nantucket Entrance, cmot1edr.ioFroorf the cold contment, will often be bitterly 2.5 knots; 3 miles north-northeast of Nantucket cyclones whose centers move northeast- Shoals Lightship, 2.5 knots; Cross Rip Shoal, 2.5 ward and nto~rethSwta. rdLaowvreerncthee northeastern States knots; Hedge Fence Lighted Gong Buoy 22, Nan- and down Valley, vessels will tucket Sound, 2.5 knots; 3.3 miles southwestward 50 encohnter wmds that veer from southeast through of Cuttyhunk Light 2 knots· BRreeenft,oLn oRngeeIf~l1~d5 :s.o~uIntnf~tttoemswou~emsetmnaeonrrdothrnwaoaurtrthduw~menstott.rothpiecaalrecayccloonveesreodccbay- knots; 0.5 mile south' of Bartlett Sound, 2.5 knots; 3 miles southward of Cornfield Point, 4 knots; 3 miles north of Nantucket Sea 55 twharsordughNaosttvhaePilroSect.gout.:Tt~~hneoosnrtoronmovretcrheentahtesetrws aagdredjnaeccreoanlutlrysoemcseoatvone-. Lane Lighted Whistle Buoy NB, 1.5 knots· Am- Some severe hurricanes have moved northward brose Light, 2 knots. ' Weatber.-Climatological tables for coastal locali- (JO across Lon~ Island, with reported windspeeds of ties and meteorological tables for the coastal ocean 70 to 80 miles per hour. As a rule, these tropical storms are much more violent than the extratropi- areas covered in this volume follow the appendix. cal storms of the same season. Many of them take The tabl~ for the ocean area were compiled from on S?me extratropical characteristics prior to observations ~ade by ships in passage. National reachmg the area, and are less intense than in more Weather Service offices and Government radio sta- southerly latitudes.

3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK 89 The cold Labrador Current which flows parallel At the coastal stations, the hot summer after- to the coastline, and the warm Gulfstream farther noons often are relieved by a refreshing sea breeze eastward, pass through the sea approaches to this blowing onshore from the cooler waters adjacent area and exert considerable influence on the cli- to the coast. This breeze seldom penetrates more mate. The cooling of warm moist air brought s than 10 miles inland. northward by the prevailing southwesterlies during Temperatures.-The maritime influence affects the warm months causes fog which reaches the temperatures. In spring and summer the sea breeze approaches to New York. tends to reduce temperatures, but in winter, when Pressure.-During the winter, when the area is the water temperatures are warmer than those of between the Icelandic Low and the North Ameri- 10 land, quite the opposite occurs. can Continental High, the mean isobars are orient- Temperatures over this coastal area are generally ed in a general northwest-southeast direction. This moderate. Mean annual temperatures range from indicates the pressure pattern of the prevailing 47.6°F. at Albany (well inland) to 53.1° F. at New northwesterly winds of winter. York. The lowest mean monthly temperature is With the coming of spring, the Icelandic Low 15 21.5°F. at Albany in January; the highest is 75.l\"F. starts to fill and its southern boundaries retreat at New York in July. Maritime influences along the northward. At the same time the Azores or Bermu- southern New England coast are well illustrated by da High starts to build up, and moves northward Nantucket data, where the lowest monthly temper- and westward. By summer its northwestern quad- ature is 31.6°F. in February and the maximum is rant covers the northeastern States. The mean 20 68.0°F. in July. isobars now are oriented in a northeast-southwest In any season, a change in wind direction can direction, indicating the prevailing southwest winds cause a large fluctuation in temperature. In winter- of the warmer months. time, southerly and southwesterly winds may bring There is little seasonal variation in the mean in mild weather, while northwesterly winds bring pressure, which ranges from a high of about 1018 25 in extreme cold. In summertime, southwesterly and millibars (30.06 inches) in January to a low of westerly winds will be warming, but northeast about 1013 millibars (29.91 inches) in July. There winds may be cooling and sometimes chilly. are, however, great day-to-day variations in these Air temperatures at sea average about 4° F. to means, primarily due to the numerous cyclones and 8°F. higher in January and 2° F. to 6°F. lower in anticyclones that traverse the area. Daily variations 30 July, than at the land stations. are much greater in winter than in summer. Occa- Relative humidity.-ln this region throughout the sionally, large variations are experienced when a year relative humidity is rather high with annual tropical cyclone passes through in late summer or early morning averages from 70 to 80 percent and fall. evening averages from 60 to 80 percent. There is Winds.-From October to March, the prevailing 35 some seasonal variation, with highest readings dur- winds over the ocean areas are between west and ing the summer months. Early morning observa- north. After March until the summer regime is tions in summer average more than 85 percent; established, the wind is variable. From June to afternoon readings are usually 10 to 20 percent September the prevailing winds are between west lower at most places. Humidity variations, like and south. 40 temperature fluctuations, are dependent on the The wind force averages between 4 and 5 from wind patterns. Humidities are usually higher with December through March, and in the warmer onshore winds (blowing from sea toward land) and months, May through August, it decreases to force lower with offshore winds. 3 or 4. The summertime prevailing southwesterlies Precipitation.-Although amounts of precipitation are more persistent than the wintertime 45 at sea are not measured, reporting ships' observa- northwesterlies, because of the lack of extratropical tions show a maximum in winter ranging from a cyclone activity during the warmer months. How- high of 25 percent in February to a low of 10 ever, at times the quiet periods of summer are percent in July. Snow may be encountered from disturbed by tropical cyclones and severe thun- November to April, and is reported on more than 5 derstorms. 50 percent of the observations from December Gales (force 8 or higher) are encountered in through March. about 8 percent of the observations during winter. A cyclone passing off the coast in winter will They are most likely to arrive with westerly or generally bring snow; almost all of New Y~rk northwesterly winds. Gales are rare in summer, but City's major snowstorms have been associated ~1th may be encountered in tropical cyclones or thun- 55 this type of cyclone. On rare occasions freezmg derstonns. rain may fall, and it will coat all objects with a In general, the wind regime at coastal stations is layer of ice which can cause damage to rigging if similar to that of the ocean areas; west to north prolonged. winds predominating in the winter, and south to At coastal stations, precipitation amounts are west winds in summer. The average force of the 60 fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. Nor- winds reported at the coastal stations, however, is mal monthly totals range from about 2.5 to 3.0 less, because wind speeds over the open sea are inches in February and June to about 4.0 to 4.5 nearly always higher than over land. Topography inches in March and August. Annual totals range may cause local changes from the general regime. from 40 to 46 inches.

90 3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK Showers and thunderstorms, which provide most Gulf of Mexico, and waters off the U.S. east coast), of the rainfall from May through September, are includes the area covered by this Coast Pilot, In localized and tend to be spotty. Thunderstorms this region, tropical cyclones with winds of 34-63 come most frequently in the late afternoon and knots are called tropical storms, while tropical cy- evening, and usually are brief. However, rainfall s clones with winds greater than 63 knots are called from thunderstorms can be very intense and may hurricanes. Hurricanes are infrequent in compari- seriously restrict visibility at sea. Thunderstorms son with middle-and high-latitude storms, but they hit New York City an average of 30 days a year, have a record of destruction far exceeding that of mostly during June, July, and August. Their fre- any other type of storm. Because of their fury, and quency and severity decrease over the ocean. 10 the fact that they are predominantly oceanic, they Cloudiness.-At sea in winter, overcast skies merit the special attention of all mariners, whether (cloud amount 0.8 or more) are recorded on about professional or amateur. 50 to 60 percent of the observations, while clear Rarely does the mariner who has experienced a skies (cloud amount of 0.2 or less) are reported on fully developed tropical cyclone (hurricane) at sea about 25 percent of the observations. The summer 15 wish to encounter a second one. He has learned the conditions are better, with about 30 percent of the wisdom of avoiding them if possible. The observations showing overcast and 30 percent clear uninitiated may be misled by the deceptively small skies. At the coastal stations, overcast conditions size of a tropical cyclone as it appears on a weath- range from about 45 to 60 percent in winter to er map, and by the fine weather experienced only a about 30 to 45 percent in summer. 20 few hundred miles from the reported center of Visibility.-Although fog, haze, rain, and snow such a storm. The rapidity with which the weather are causes of poor visibility, in this area visibility at can deteriorate with approach of the storm, and sea is most commonly restricted by advection fog. the violence of the hurricane, are difficult to visual- This type of fog occurs most frequently in late ize if they have not been experienced. spring and early summer when the winds are from 25 As a tropical cyclone moves out of the Tropics the south or southwest and the warm humid air is to higher latitudes, it normally loses energy slowly, cooled to its dewpoint by the still cold Labrador expanding in area until it gradually dissipates or Current. Over the open ocean during the warm acquires the characteristics of extratropical cy- months, more than 30 percent of the observations clones. At any stage, a tropical cyclone normally report restricted visibility. These fogs, which may 30 loses energy at a much faster rate if it moves over happen in any season, often set in without warning land. As a general rule, tropical cyclones of the and have been known to persist for several weeks North Atlantic Region move with the prevailing without interruption. winds of the area. In small hurricanes the diameter The frequency of fog is fairly uniform through- of the area of destructive winds may not exceed 25 out the year over land stations, except at marine 35 miles while in some of the greatest storms the exposures like Block Island and Nantucket. For diameter may be as much as 400 to 500 miles. this reason, figures for fog at some inland or shel- At the center is a comparative calm known as tered harbors cannot be regarded as a guide to the \"eye of the storm.\" The diameter of this \"eye\" conditions at sea or in the approaches. Areas along varies with individual storms and may be as little the coast, at the heads of bays and within rivers, 40 as 7 miles, but is rarely more than 30 miles. The will often be comparatively clear while outside average is 15 to 20 miles. This center is the region there is very thick fog. The fog usually lifts during of low atmospheric pressure around which winds the middle of the day over the interior waters. blow in a more or less circular course, spiraling Steam fog (sea smoke) occasionally forms in the inward in a counterclockwise direction. Winds at winter d\"!ring very cold weather when the air te~- 45 the outer edge of the storm area are light to mod- perature is much lower than that of the water. It is erate and gusty, and often increase toward the cen- usually quite shallow, and at times may hide the ter to speeds too high for instrument recording. hull of a ship while leaving the masts and upper Although the air movement near the center of the parts plainly visible. hurricane is usually light and fitful the seas in this Fo~ is more likely to form wi!h light to moder- 50 area are in most cases very heavy and confused, ate wmds. The most frequent wmd forces accom- rendered so by the violent shifting winds which panying sea fog are 2 to 4. Fog rarely forms or surround it. Furthermore after the center has passed a ves.sel, she may e~pect a sharp renewal of persists. with winds of gale .force. . Tropical Cyclones.-A tropical cyclone is a warm the gales, with winds from a more or less opposite core, low pressure syste~ that develops ov~r. the 55 ~irection. The hurricane may effect an area cover- warrn waters of the tr~p1c~ oce~s, ~nd exh1b1ts a mg tens of thousands of square miles. rotary, ~unterclockw1se. c1~culat10n m the nort~- In the North Atlantic, tropical cyclones form em hemisphere (clock\":'1se m the ~outhern hem1- over a wide range of ocean between the Cape sphere). Although relatively small m area cover- Verde Islands and the Windward Islands over the a~e, this st~rm can attain ~wesome strength, with 60 wes~rn part of the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of wmd~ near tts center reachmg 175. kno~ o~ more. Mexico. While some may initially move northward, Tro~t~ cyclo~es occur almost entirely tn six rath- especially those that form southeast of Bermuda, er dtstmct regions of the world; one of these, the the majority take a westerly to northwesterly North Atlantic Region (West Indies, Caribbean Sea, course. Of these, some curve gradually northward,

3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK 91 either east of or above the larger islands of the sity, and movement. As a further aid, the mariner West Indies, then turn northeastward or eastward may obtain weather reports by radio directly from for varying distances from the Atlantic Coast of other ships in the vicinity of a tropical cyclone. the United States. Others pass over or to the south Signs of approacb.-Although radio reports nor· of the larger islands and enter the Gulf of Mexico, 5 mally prove adequate for locating and avoiding a then curve northward or northeastward and strike tropical cyclone, knowledge of the appearance of some part of the east Gulf Coast. Others may con- the sea and sky in the vicinity of such a storm is tinue westward and strike the west Gulf Coast. useful to the mariner. The passage of a hurricane at The most common path is curved, the storms sea is an experience not soon to be forgotten. moving generally in a westward direction at first, JO An early indication of the approach of such a turning later to the northwestward and finally to storm is the presence of a long swell. In the ab- the northeastward. A considerable number, how- sence of a tropical cyclone, the crests of swell in ever, remain in low latitudes and do not turn ap- the deep waters of the Atlantic pass at the rate of preciably to the northward. Freak movements are perhaps eight per minute. Swell generated by a not uncommon, and there have been storms that 15 tropical cyclone is about twice as long, the crests described loops, hairpin-curved paths, and other passing at the rate of perhaps four per minute. irregular patterns. Movement toward the southeast Swell may be observed several days before arrival is rare, and in any case of short duration. The of the storm. entire Caribbean area, the Gulf of Mexico, the When the storm center is 500 to 1,000 miles coastal regions bordering these bodies of water, 20 away, the barometer usually rises a little, and the and. the Atlanti~ Coast are subject to these storms skies are relatively c.lear. Cumulus clouds, if pre- dunng the hurncane season. sent at all, are few m number, and their vertical Hurricanes develop over the southern portions of development appears suppressed. The barometer the North Atlantic, including the Gulf of Mexico usually appears restless, pumping up and down a and Caribbean Sea, mostly from June through Octo- 25 few hundredths of an inch. her, infrequently in May and November, and rarely As the tropical cyclone comes nearer, a cloud in other months; the hurricane season reaches its sequence begins which resembles that associated peak .in September. An average of nine tropical with the approach of a warm front in middle cyclones form each year (reaching at least tropical latitudes. Snow-white, fibrous \"mare's tails\" (cir- storm intensity) and five of these reach hurricane 30 rus) appear when the storm is about 300 to 600 strength. June and July storms tend to develop in miles away. Usually these seem to converge more the northwestern Caribbean or Gulf of Mexico; or less in the direction from which the storm is during August there is an increase in number and approaching. This convergence is particularly ap- intensity, and the area of formation extends east of parent at about the time of sunrise and sunset. the Lesser Antilles. September storms develop be- 35 Shortly after the cirrus appears, but sometimes tween 50°W. and the Lesser Antilles, in the south- before, the barometer starts a long, slow fall. At ern Gulf of Mexico, the western Caribbean, near first the fall is so gradual that it appears only to the Bahamas, and around the Cape Verde Islands. alter somewhat the normal daily cycle (two max- Formation in October shifts primarily to the west- ima and two minima in the Tropics). As the rate of ern Caribbean, and off-season storms are wide- 40 fall increases, the daily pattern is completely lost in spread with a slight concentration in the south- the more or less steady fall. western Caribbean. The cirrus becomes more confused and tangled, The average speed of movement of tropical cy- and then gradually gives way to a continuous veil clones in the Tropics is about 10 to 15 knots. This of cirrostratus. Below this veil, altostratus forms, speed, however, varies considerably according to 45 and then stratocumulus. These clouds gradually be- the location of the storm, its development, and come more dense, and as they do so, the weather attendant meteorological conditions. The highest beco~es unsettled. A .fine, m~stlike rain begins to rates of progression usually occur when the storm fall, mterrupted from time to tune by showers.. The is moving northward or northeastward in the mid- barometer has fallen perhaps a t~nth of ai:i m'?h. 50 As t~e fall .becomes i:nore rapid, the wmd m- die or higher latitudes. Locating and tracking tropical cyclones.-By creases m gustmess, and its speed becomes greater, means of radio the National Weather Service col- reaching a value of perhaps 22 to 40 knots (Beau- lects weather o'bservations daily from land stations, fort 6-8). On the horizon appears a dark wall of ships at sea, and aircraft. When a tropical cyclone heavy cumulonimbus, the bar of the storm. Por- is located, usually in its early formative stage, it is 55 t~ons of .this ·heavy. cloud become detached fr?m followed closely. In the North Atlantic, U.S. time ~o time and dnft .across ~he sky_, accompamed Navy, Air Force, and NOAA aircraft make fre- by ram squalls and. wmd of mcreasmg speed. Be- quent flights to the vicinity of such storms to ~ro- tween ~ualls, the c1Trostratus can be seen through vide information needed for tracking the tropical breaks m the stratocumulus. cyclone and determining its intensity. Long-range 60 ~s the bar ~pproaches! the barometer falls m?re shore radar stations follow the movement of the rapidly and wmd speed mcreases. The seas, which storm's precipitation area when it is in range. Bul- have been grad~ly mounting, become tempestu- letins are broadcast to ships several t~es ~y. ous ~d, sq~l lm~s, one after the. othe~, sweep giving information on each storm's location, mten- past m ever-mcreasmg number and mtens1ty. 362-885 0 - 82 - 7 QL 3

92 3. CAPE COD TO SANDY HOOK With the arrival of the bar, the day becomes comes visible, it appears to rest upon the horizon very dark, squalls become virtually continuous and for several hours. The darkest part of this cfoud is the barometer falls precipitously, with a rapid in- in the direction of the storm center. If the storm is crease in the wind speed. The center may still be to pass to one side, the bar appears to drift slowly 100 to 200 miles away in a hurricane. As the center s along the horizon. If the storm is heading directly of the storm comes closer, the ever-stronger wind toward the observer, the position of the bar re- shrieks through the rigging and about the su- mains fixed. Once within the area of the dense, low perstructure of the vessel. As the center ap- clouds, one should observe their direction of move- proaches, rain falls in torrents. The wind fury in- ment, which is almost exactly along the isobars, creases. The seas become mountainous. The tops of 10 with the center of the storm being 90° from the huge waves are blown off to mingle with the rain direction of cloud movement (left of direction of and fill the air with water. Objects at a short dis- movement in the northern hemisphere). tance are not visible. Even the largest and most The winds are probably the best guide to the seaworthy vessels become virtually unmanageable, direction of the center of a tropical cyclone. The and may sustain heavy damage. Less sturdy vessels 15 circulation is cyclonic, but because of the steep do not survive. Navigation virtually stops as safety pressure gradient near the center, the winds there of the vessel becomes the prime consideration. The blow with greater violence and are more nearly awesome fury of this condition can only be experi- circular than in extratropical cyclones. enced. Words are inadequate to describe it. According to Buys Ballot's law, an observer If the eye of the storm passes over the vessel, the 20 who faces into the wind has the center of the low winds sudde11ly drop to a breeze as the wall of the pressure on his right (northern hemisphere) and eye passes. The rain stops, and skies clear suffi- somewhat behind him. If the wind followed circu- ciently to permit the sun to shine through holes in lar isobars exactly, the center would be exactly the comparatively thin cloud cover. Visibility im- eight points, or 90°, from dead ahead when facing proves. Mountainous seas approach from all sides, 25 into the wind. However, the track of the wind is apparently in complete confusion. The barometer usually inclined somewhat toward the center, so reaches its lowest point, which may be an inch and that the angle dead ahead varies between perhaps 8 a half or two inches below normal in hurricanes. and 12 points (90° to 135°). The inclination varies As the wall on the opposite side of the eye arrives, in different parts of the same storm. It is least in the full fury of the wind strikes as suddenly as it 30 front of the storm, and greatest in the rear, since ceased, but from the opposite direction. The se- the actual wind is the vector sum of that due to the quence of conditions that occurred during ap- pressure gradient and the motion of the storm proach of the storm is reversed, and pass more along the track. A good average is perhaps 10 quickly, as the various parts of the storm are not as points in front, and 11 or 12 points in the rear. wide in the rear of a storm as on its forward side. 35 These values apply when the storm center is still Locating the center of a tropical cyclone.-lf intel- several hundred miles away. Closer to the center, ligent action is to be taken to avoid the full fury of the wind blows more nearly along the isobars, the a tropical cyclone, early determination of its loca- inclination being reduced by one or two points at tion and direction of travel relative to the vessel is the wall of the eye. Since wind direction usually essential. The bulletins and forecasts are an excel- 40 shifts temporarily during a squall, its direction at lent general guide, but they are not infallible and this time should not be used for determining the may be sufficiently in error to induce a mariner in position of the center. a critical position to alter course so as to un- When the center is within radar range, it might wittingly increase the danger of the vessel. Often it be located by this equipment. However, since the is possible, using only those observations made 45 radar return is predominately from the rain, results aboard ship, to obtain a sufficiently close approxi- can be deceptive, and other indications should not mation to enable the vessel to maneuver to the best be neglected. advantage. Distance from the storm center is more difficult As previously stated, the presence of an excep- to determine than direction. Radar is perhaps the tionally long swell is usually the first visible indica- so best guide. The rate of fall of the barometer is of tion of. the existence of a tropical cyclon:e. I~ deep some help; this is only a rough indication, how- w~tc:r it appr~hes from the general drrection of ev_er, for the rate of fall may be quite erratic and ongm (the position of the storm center when the will vary somewhat with the depth of the low at t!1iss~el~ was gener~ted).. H~wc:;ver, in shoaling ~ater the center, the speed of the storm center along its ~ a less reliable md1~at1on, because t~e drrec- ss track, and the stage in the life cycle of the storm. non 18 changed by refraction, the crests bemg more Maneuvering to avoid the storm center.-The saf- est pr~ure with respect to tropical cyclones is nearly parallel .to the bottom contours.. . When the c~ clou~s ~p~, therr ~mt. of to. a~oid them. If action is taken sufficiently early, convergence provides an mdicat10~ of the drrection this 18 simply a matter of setting a course that will of th~ storm center. If the sto~ 18 to pass well to 60 take the vessel well to one side of the probable o~e side of th~ observ~r, t~e pomt of convergence triu.:~ of the storm, and then continuing to plot the shifts slowly m the direction of the storm move- pos1t1on of the storm center, as given in the weath- ment. .If the:: storm ~ter will pass near the observ- er bulletins, revising the course as needed. er, this pomt remams steady. When the bar be- However, such action is not always possible. If