Neuroscience, consciousness and spirituality English Proceedings

292 Index God, 5, 7, 33, 34, 59, 63–65, 67, 68, 111, 199, Hunt, H., 247 232, 233, 235–239, 243, 247, 248, 255, Hunt, T., 157, 164, 170, 175, 188 264, 268, 275, 276, 283 Hurwitz, S., 244 Gödel, K., 5, 84 Husserl, E., 5, 16, 162 Godhead, 78, 232, 235, 236, 245–247, 283 Huxley, A., 69, 284 Goenka, S.N., 28, 123 Hxaro, 41 Goethe, J.W., 197 Hypnosis, 62, 260, 267, 274 Goldstein, J., 27, 30 Hypothermic cardiac arrest, 68, 70 Good, vi, 5, 7, 41–43, 49, 59, 78, 84, 85, 91, 111, 134, 138, 159, 169, 196, 204, 213, 216, 218, 224, 247, 258, 286 I Goswami, A., 77, 78 Ictal, 59, 60 Granqvist, P., 62, 63 Idealistic tradition, 77 Gray matter (GM), 121, 124–127 Idel, M., 233, 236, 238, 239 Greene, B., 160–161, 176, 186 Immanence, 7, 77 Greyson, B., 69, 70, 213–215, 220, 282 Immanent, 78 Grief, 10 Immune systems, 18, 48 Griffn, D.R., 164, 165 Implicit, 4, 5, 8, 10, 36, 82, 87, 91, 135, 152, Grosseteste, R., 13 236, 245 Grossman, P., 29, 134, 135 Incompatible, 6, 18, 90, 91, 100, 115 Individual, 4, 6–8, 11, 19, 29, 31, 34, 36, 44, 63, 64, 67, 78, 84, 89, 91, 93, 98, 100, H 112, 116, 126, 131, 134, 135, 138, 142, Hall, H., 263 145, 150–152, 170, 171, 173, 179, 182, Hallucinations, 59, 67, 76, 115, 216 184, 208, 232, 234, 241, 247, 255–261, Hameroff, S., 102, 165, 180, 181 265, 267, 268, 283, 284 Hammerskjöld, D., 225 Induction, 11, 12, 62, 69 Hansen, B.A., 59 Ineffability, 58, 61 Hard problem of consciousness, 110–112, Inferior parietal lobule, 64–67, 126 115, 160, 162, 240 Infnity, 115, 178 Hardy, A., 58 Informal mindfulness, 28, 32 Harris, S., 166 Information, 10, 31, 32, 40, 41, 46, 50, 62, 63, Harvey, W., 3, 4 65, 66, 76, 78, 85, 87, 88, 98, 124, 136, Hay, D., 58 162, 164, 172–175, 177, 178, 180–183, Healing, 15, 44, 46–48, 51, 89, 136, 153, 254, 188–190, 211, 218, 221–223, 225, 257–261, 263–276 256–259, 264, 281 rituals, 46–48, 51, 136 space, 174, 175, 190 Heine, S.J., 184 theory, 178 Heisenberg, W., 111, 112, 221 Initiation rituals, 44–46, 51 Hellner-Eshed, M., 232 Insight, v, 7–12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 24, 26, 27, Henk, B., 195 32–34, 87, 119–121, 133, 160, 162, Hermeneutics, 231, 232, 237 186, 189, 196, 198–200, 208, 216, 221, Hindu, 77, 78, 282, 284 225, 230–234, 236, 242, 274 Hinduism, 284 meditation, 26, 120, 121, 199–205 Hinterberger, T., 129, 284 Insight Meditation Society (IMS), 27 Hippocampus, 60, 121–124, 126 Insula, 65, 66, 120–124, 126 Hoffmann, B., 162, 164 Intellectus agens, 19 Hofstadter, D.R., 162, 163 Interaction, 31, 42, 43, 45, 46, 76, 77, 85, 87, Holistic, 6–8, 12, 14, 32, 91, 135, 152 88, 92, 116, 122, 126, 158, 181, 188, Homo sapiens, 40, 195 223, 224, 242, 245, 254–256 Hood, R.W. Jr., 65 Interconnectedness, 216, 217, 222, 225 Howard, H., 263 Interface, 16, 222, 223, 225, 283 Howden, J.C., 59 Interictal, 59, 60 Howiesons Poort, 42 personality syndrome, 60

Index 293 Interoception, 122 Language, 14, 15, 24, 25, 29, 35, 40, 41, 64, Intersubjectivity, 2 84, 85, 91, 92, 103, 105, 114, 135, 182, Introspection, 15, 16, 25, 32, 98, 101, 104, 124 199, 235, 236, 238, 242–244 Introspective observation, 162 Laos, 24 Islam, 17, 198, 233, 264, 265, 275, 276 Laszlo, E., 78 Isomorphism, 236, 237, 242, 245, 246, 248 Latour, B., 2 Law, 10, 11, 35, 59, 87, 89, 91, 100, 113, 161, 181, 182, 216, 265, 275 J Leibniz, G.W., 86–87, 92, 93, 165 Jablonka, E., 49–51 Les Lancaster, B., 229–248 James, W., 8, 58, 69, 159, 160, 162, 165, 166, Levesque, J., 44 169, 234, 284, v Levine, J., 235 Jewish, 15, 32, 33, 77, 217, 232, Levy, W.J., 68, 218, 220 235–237, 257 Life review, 208, 212, 215, 216 spirituality, 237 Limbic-marker hypothesis, 61 John Milton, J., 225 Limbic system, 58–63, 69, 123, 204 Jonathan Schooler, 157, 281 Limitations thereof, 34, 58, 159, 166, Judaism, 17, 198, 232, 235–237 185, 217 Jung, C.G., 237 Linde, A.D., 163, 175–177 Llinas, R., 76 Locke, J., 86 K Loftus, E.F., 172 Kabat-Zinn, J., 28, 29, 126, 130, 134 Logic, 28, 34, 47, 91, 100, 111–115, 131, 146, Kabbalah, 229–248, 282, 285 165–168, 179, 188, 213, 214, 217, 231, Kabbalistic Psychology, 235–237 236, 237, 239, 258, 274, 280 Kam, J.W.Y., 174 Longitudinal study, 124–127, 212, 213 Kant, I., 162, 181 Lorenz, K.G., 42 Karagulla, S., 59 Loss of ego, 58, 139 Karunā, 26 Loving kindness, 26, 29, 33, 123 Khan, H.I., 264 Lutz, A., 131, 132, 229, 230, 284 Klein, R.G., 43, 49 Lynds, P., 179 Knowledge, 2–7, 10, 13–15, 26, 37, 58, 59, 63, 78, 90, 98, 99, 102, 111, 112, 115, 142, 161, 162, 164, 190, 209, 225, 230, M 238, 248, 255, 264, 265, 268, 275, Mabille, H., 59 284, 285 Maggid of Mezeritch, 236, 237, 244 Koan, 16, 113 Maghellan, F., 3 Koch, C., 76, 160, 240 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Koestler, A., 187 60, 125 Koffka, K., 16 Magnetoencephalography (MEG), 98, Köhler, W., 16 219, 253 Kornfeld, J., 27, 30 Marea, 283, 285 Korotkov, K., 270, 273 Margulis, L., 168, 170 Kringelbach, M.L, 66 Matching content doctrine, 219 Kuhl, J., 32 Materialist, 18, 160, 166, 168, 178, 207, 210, Kuhn, T., 2, 181, 185, 187, 263, 268 219–222, 224, 230, 231, 234, 280 (!)Kung San, 41 Material reductionism, 158–160, 177 Matsui, N., 60 Matt, D., 242, 244 L Matter, v, 5, 10, 14, 17, 18, 41, 76, 77, 84–88, Lamb, M.J., 49–51 92, 100, 110–112, 115, 132, 163, Lamme, V.A.F., 239, 240 165–170, 174, 177, 180, 181, 189, 190, Lancaster, B.L., 19, 229–248, 282, 285 219, 225, 231, 234, 247, 258, 259, Lane, R.D., 66 275, 281

294 Index MBSR. See Mindfulness based stress Myanmar, 24 reduction (MBSR) Mystical claims, 280 McCLenon, J., 47, 48 Mystical experiences, v, 14, 15, 58–69, 77, McGinn, C., 160, 163 85, 113–115, 148, 151, 199, 231, McTaggart, J.E., 177 232, 285 Measurement, 18, 29, 77, 84, 87–89, 98–104, Mysticism, 15, 58, 114, 231, 232, 234, 133, 134, 137, 138, 151, 176, 178, 236–238, 247 257, 270 Mysticism Scale, 65 Mechanism, 49, 50, 58, 75, 76, 86, 90–92, Mystics, 78, 199, 234, 239, 242, 244, 245, 102, 125–127, 159, 181, 195, 200, 201, 282, 283 204, 205, 240, 243, 246 Medial orbitofrontal cortex, 65, 66 Medial prefrontal cortex, 65, 66 N Medicine, 3, 23, 78, 89, 130, 202, 224, 257, Nadel, L., 66 265–267, 272, 273, 276 Nagarjuna, 114, 115 Meditation, v, vi, 18, 24–37, 58, 93, 119–127, Nagel, T., 110, 165 130–140, 142–146, 148–152, 195–205, Naito, H., 59 208, 213, 260, 264, 265, 274–276, Nattier, J., 30, 31 283–285 Neanderthals/Neandertals, 40–42 MEG. See Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Near-death experience (NDE), 18, 67, 69, 70, Memory, 24, 40, 41, 43–44, 47–49, 51, 91, 86, 207–225, 280–284 179, 195, 204, 208, 211, 213, 215, 240, Neggers, S.F., 66 241, 243–245, 258 Neural correlates, 64, 67, 69, 70, 219, 231, Mental events, 67, 69, 85, 122 239, 240, 285 Mental processes, 4, 67, 68, 152, 280, 284 Neurophysiology, 58, 98, 99, 101–106, Metaphysics, 67, 78, 157–191, 198, 265, 280 129–152, 205, 215, 217 Meta psychology, 267–268 Neuropsychology, 44, 82, 254, 256, 259–261 Mettā, 26 Neuroscience, Metzinger, T., 18, 82, 83, 231 Newberg, A.B., 49, 64, 67, 125, Microcosm-macrocosm, 235, 238, 239, 247 229, 233 Microtubule, 102 Newton, I., 87, 111, 197 Middle East, 264, 267–270, 272, 274 Nibbāna, 26 Middle temporal cortex, 65 Noetic quality, 58 Miller, B.L., 61 Non-commutativity, 89, 90, 100 Mind-body problem, 67, 110, 116 Non-dual, 114, 115, 284 Mind-brain problem, 58, 67–70 Non-dualistic (or monistic) tradition, 77 Mindfulness, 23–37, 120, 126, 127, 130, Non-local, 42, 77, 78, 86, 88–93, 214, 132–136, 139, 143, 145, 146, 148, 222–225, 256–260, 265–267, 282, 150–152, 195–205, 230 283, 285 meditation, v, 26–31, 36, 126, 127, 130, consciousness, 76, 77, 222–225 133, 195–205 Non-locality, 17, 76, 77, 85, 87–90, 216, 217, Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR), 222, 255 28, 35, 126, 127, 130 Nothing, 11, 29, 68, 83, 93, 111, 115, 158, Minsky, M.L., 172 160, 164, 165, 167–169, 175, 176, 184, Monism, 10, 17, 86, 92, 110, 220, 223 187, 189, 210, 219, 221, 232–234, 244, Moody, R., 209 280–282 Morality, 91 Numinosity, 58 Morgan, H., 59 Nyanaponika, 24, 25 Morphometry, 121, 127 Mt.Toba eruption, 41, 42, 46 Muditā, 26 O Muhammad, P., 59, 264, 265, 268, 275 Objectivity, 3, 164 Multiplicity of meaning, 236 Observable, 86, 88, 89, 97–106, 178, 204, Münsterberg, H., 16 219, 223

Index 295 Observer, 3, 25, 77, 78, 92, 101–104, Physics, 18, 84, 89–91, 101, 102, 109–116, 161–164, 171–176, 178–180, 183, 188, 161–164, 175–178, 183, 186–189, 197, 190, 221 219, 221, 223, 273, 280, 281, Ockham, W., 13 Pinker, S., 160 Ogata, A., 60 Placebo, 35, 69, 254, 258, 261 O’Leary, D., 19, 69, 231, 233 Planck, M., 221 Omnipotence, 254–256, 261 Planck’s constant, 90 Omniscience, 254–256 Plato, 19, 179, 181 Ongur, D., 66 Popper, K.R., 6 Ontology, 10, 17, 93, 104, 161–165, 189, Positive emotions, 65, 152, 212 234, 247 Positron emission tomography (PET), 63, 98, Operator, 88 135, 253 Orbito-fronal cortex, 65, 66, 121–124 scan, 219, 223 Ott, U., 119, 135, 204, 260 Postictal, 59, 60 Oued Djebbana, 41 Prayer, 34, 64, 93, 134, 230, 233, 257, 266, Out-of-body experience (OBE), 208, 212, 275, 276 215–216, 218, 222, 280 Precognition, 17, 85, 89, 214 Out-of-body perceptions, 70 Preconscious, 237, 244, 247 Ozkara, C., 59 Precuneus, 63 Present moment experience, 29, 139 Preview, 217, 222 P Price, J.L., 66 Pain, 28, 35, 46, 48, 76, 126, 170, 176, 202, Probabilty, 49, 87, 123, 141, 178 217, 267–269, 271–273 Profound transformative changes, 58 Pali, 24, 25, 28, 35, 199 Proposition, 24, 36, 77, 100, 101, 104, 182 Pa??a, 26, 200 Prospective study, 211–215, 218, 220 Panpsychism, 165–178, 220 Proulx, T., 184 Paradigm, 102, 110, 185, 217, 221, 224, 239, Psychokinesis, 17, 77 263–266, 274 Psychotherapy, 9, 89, 257 Paradox, 10, 15, 18, 77, 78, 112–115, 131, Purifcation, 25, 199, 200, 203, 204 173, 175, 176, 214, 283 Putamen, 121–123 Parapsychology, parapsychological, 89, 255, Pythagoras/Pythagorean, 7–9 280, 281 Parisano, E., 4 Parnia, S., 69, 70, 215, 218, 220, 282 Q Parsimony, 165, 167–168, 247 Qigong, 130, 133, 136, 151, 258, 266, 273 Particle, 2, 77, 87, 90, 111, 112, 114, 115, 161, Qualia, 76, 84, 110, 115, 235 169, 180, 189, 201 Quantum mechanics, 84–87, 89–91, 102, 106, Particle/wave duality, 77, 111–113 178, 247, 283 Passivity, 58 Quantum physics, 75–77, 87–89, 99, 100, 102, Peace, 45, 51, 58, 61, 65, 123, 197, 198, 204 111, 112, 178, 189, 221, 281 Peirce, C.S., 11 Quantum theory, 18, 86–92, 97–106, 112, 161 Penrose, R, 76, 102, 181 Questionnaire, 29, 60, 63, 130, 133, 134, Persinger, M.A., 61, 62, 230 136–139, 142–146, 148–150, 213 PET. See Positron emission Quran, 264, 268, 275 tomography (PET) Phenomalism, 220, 223 Phenomenology/phenomenological, R 8, 11, 15, 16, 18, 19, 58, 65, Rabin, J., 59–61, 69 81–93, 102, 130, 133, 135, 152, Radin, D., 76, 256, 266 159, 162, 175, 184, 197, 201, 280, Random event generator (REG), 256, 270, 281, vi 271, 274 Physicalism/physicalist, 18, 67, 68, 70, 82–86, Rationalism, 5, 158 237, 247, 281 Rational mind, 112–115

296 Index Reafference, 239 Schwartz, G., 273 Reality, 6–10, 12, 15–19, 58, 61, 65, 67, 69, Science, 2–6, 9–19, 28, 78, 85, 86, 115, 116, 70, 76–78, 85, 88, 92, 110, 112–116, 157–191, 196, 204, 210, 215, 221–222, 119, 134, 159, 161–165, 168, 169, 171, 224, 230, 231, 235, 255, 263, 273, 276, 173–183, 186, 189, 216, 220–222, 225, 281, 286 231, 243, 247, 248, 259, 275, 280–285 Searle, J., 84, 172 Recurrent processing, 239–241, 243, 245 Sefrot, 233 Reducing valve, 69 Seizures, 59 Reductionism, 158–160 Self, 9, 16, 27, 29, 30, 32–37, 44, 45, 58, 61, Refexivity, 239–240, 242–246 63, 65, 67, 76, 83, 98–101, 104, 120, Regional cerebral blood fow (rCBF), 63, 64 124, 127, 131, 133–135, 138, 139, 143, Relativity, 6, 161, 176, 178, 186, 188, 189 145, 151, 157, 159–162, 164, 175, 179, Religion, 2, 5, 9–10, 14, 15, 30, 31, 33, 34, 46, 183, 187, 195, 201, 203, 218, 222, 231, 60, 63, 90, 112, 113, 119, 197–198, 233–235, 238, 239, 243, 265, 266, 268, 210, 211, 216, 220, 230, 235, 254, 264, 270, 271, 275, 276, 285 275, 280 actualization, 32 Religiosity, 59, 60 determination, 33, 34 Religious experiences, 58–60, 63–69, experience, 30 134, 225 exploration, 27, 30, 35, 36 Resonance, 223, 225, 239–245, 247 referentiality, 84 Resuscitation, 208, 209, 211–213, 215, 216, regulation, 29, 30, 35, 120, 127, 218, 282 131, 268 Retreat, 27, 28, 32, 143, 201–205 regulation of attention, 29 Reynolds, P., 68–70, 282 representation, 32 Ritchie, G., 209 transformation, 30, 35 Ritual, 39–51, 113, 257 Sensed presence, 62 healing theory, 47–48 Sense of incommunicability, 58, 61 Roberts, J.K., 60 Set, 4, 9–11, 26, 30, 63, 68, 77, 90, 99, 104, Rolls, E.T., 66 105, 133, 135, 158, 166, 178–180, 197, Römer, H., 18, 81, 97, 112, 283 222, 223, 256, 273, 283 Rosenberg, L., 24 Shaikh, 265, 268–270, 272–275 Rossano, M.J., 39, 82, 285 Shamanism, 46–49, 257 Rothberg, D., 230 Shamans, 285 Roy, R., 266, 267, 276 Sham-feld, 62 Ruby, P., 66, 133, 239 Shear, J., 110 Shokek, S., 236 Sîlas, 26 S Silent revolution in health care, 265 Sabom, M., 68, 282 Singer, W., 204, 241 Sagan, D., 168, 170 Single photon emission computed tomography Salzberg, S., 25, 27, 30 (SPECT), 64, 98 Samādhi, 26, 199 Skrbina, D., 165 Sampajāna, 25 Slagter, H.A., 204 Sartori, P., 215, 220, 282 Smallwood, K., 191 Sati, 25 Smythies, J., 176, 177 Satipatthāna Sutta, 24–26, 34 Social rituals, 43, 44, 49, 51 Satori, 115, 116 Society, 24, 27, 28, 30–36, 91, 172, 174 Saver, J.L., 29, 60, 61, 69 Somatosensory, 66, 105, 126 Schmidt, S., 3, 18, 23, 77, 85, 240 Somatovisceral reactions, 66 Scholem, G., 242, 244 Space-time, 105, 161, 175–181, 183 Schooler, J.N., 157, 182 SPECT. See Single photon emission computed Schooler, J.W., 157, 160 tomography (SPECT) Schopenhauer, A., 162, 165 Spectrum, 69, 99, 140, 145, 271, 284 Schrödinger, E., 87 Spilka, B., 63

Index 297 Spinoza, B., 165 Talmud, 2.6, 232, 237 Spiritual, Tariqa Casnazaniyyah, 267–269 anatomy, 235, 245 Telepathy, 17, 85, 87, 285 characteristics, 255–257, 259, 261 Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 58, 59 experience, 7, 11, 13, 14, 67–69, 233, 260 Temporal pole, 64 path, 26, 27, 30, 35, 139, 235 Tetralemma, 114 traditions, 10, 17–29, 113, 136, 229, 231, Thailand, 24, 34 232, 254, 255, 257, 259, 276 Thalamocortical network, 76 Spratling, W.P., 59 Thalamus, 44, 66, 76, 82, 121, 122, 124 Sri Lanka, 24, 34 Theravada, 19, 24, 25, 27, 34 Srinivasan, R., 180, 183 Third person perspective, 29, 102, 187 Staal, F., 199 Thought, 4, 7, 9, 14, 15, 40, 49, 67, 68, 78, 82, Stace, W.T., 58, 113 85, 86, 90, 99, 106, 111, 112, 122, 138, Standstill, 68, 69 159–162, 177, 180, 182, 185, 187, 190, Stapp, H.P., 21, 76, 77 200, 210, 213, 215–217, 219, 222, 225, State, 6, 25, 39, 58, 76, 83, 98, 112, 119, 130, 233, 236–238, 244, 245, 280 160, 198, 208, 229, 258, 265, 284 Three characteristics of consciousness, State mindfulness, 25, 130, 134, 135, 152, 199, 202 200, 201, 230 Tikkun, 244–248 States of consciousness, 47, 114, 116, 119, Time 130, 199, 225, 233, 235, 274, 276 A, B theory Torah, 177 Steriade M., 76 arrow of, 161 Still Bay, 42 fow of, 159–161, 163–164, 175–178, Stimulation, 58, 61–63, 212, 239 181, 187 St. John of the Cross, 199 Tishby, I., 238 Strawson, G., 165, 166 Tononi, G., 82, 174, 175, 177, 239 Strawson, P.F., 158 Trading networks, 42 Stress, 26, 28–33, 41, 42, 44, 46, 50, 51, 123, Transcendence, 7, 8, 77, 113, 218, 254, 255 124, 126, 127, 130, 133, 135, 138, 240, Transcendent, 5, 7, 9, 18, 58, 69, 78, 266, 274 232–234, 254 Structure, 2, 8–12, 14, 16, 28, 33, 49, 60, 61, reality, 7, 9, 18, 58, 69 63, 64, 66, 76, 83, 91, 115, 119–127, Transcultural, 36–37 135, 165, 166, 180, 184, 215, 218, 219, Transference, 35, 89 221, 223, 232, 234, 235, 239, 240, 253, Transformation, 26, 27, 30, 34, 35, 37, 168, 260, 267, 285 188, 208, 213, 214, 244 Stumpf, C., 16 Transiency, 58 Subjective experience, 58, 64, 65, 67, 84, Transpersonal, 19, 86, 138, 231, 233, 234, 110, 126, 135, 138, 162–165, 171, 172, 265–267 175, 176, 179, 181, 183, 210, 215, 217, self, 231 219, 280 ‘Troop to tribe’ transition, 42 Sufsm, 77, 238, 263–276 Trust-building rituals, 44, 45 Suggestion, 48, 63, 163, 167, 169, 175, 181, Tsodilo hills, 47 183, 185–187, 191, 222, 260 Tucker, D.M., 60 Sun dance ritual, 46 Superior parietal lobule, 64–66 Sympathetic joy, 26 U Systems, 2, 30, 41, 58, 76, 82, 98, 112, 123, Uncertainty, 90 130, 168, 198, 209, 235, 263 Unconscious, 4, 15, 76, 82, 90, 91, 160, 184, theory, 91 203, 208, 209, 211–213, 215, 218, 219, 231, 233, 235–237, 244, 246, 247 Unifcation, 241–243, 245, 247 T Unity, 58, 61, 77, 78, 86, 91, 92, 113, 134, Tai Chi, 93 138, 169, 171, 172, 180, 199, 242, Talbot, M., 169 254, 255

298 Index Upanishads, 77, 282 Waxman, S.G., 60 Uppekhā, 26 Weak electromagnetic currents, 61, 69 Weak quantum interactions, 77 Weiskrantz, L., 76, 172 V Wertheimer, M., 16 Vacuum, 6 Whitehead, A.N., 165, 181 van den Hurk, P., 204 Whole person healing, 266 van Eeden, F., 207, 281 Whole person model, 258–259 van Lommel, P., 18, 19, 69, 70, 82, 83, 85, 86, Whyte, L.L., 244 207, 208, 210–212, 214, 216, 217, 219, Wilber, K., 116, 234 220, 222, 281–283 Willmore, L.J., 60 Vedanta, 19, 77 Wittgenstein, L., 5 Veridical perception, 215, 218.222 Wolfson, E.R., 232, 236, 238, 245, 248 Vipassanā, 26–28, 35, 198–203, 205 Working memory, 40, 41, 43–44, 47–49, 51 Visual mental imagery, 67 Worldview, 5–6, 9, 10, 17, 54, 58, 91, 139, Vitiello, G., 180 153, 159, 184, 187, 198, 221, 229–231, Vohs, K.D, 280 234, 235, 237–239, 275, 280, 285 Volition, 25, 29, 32, 64, 125 Wounds, 264, 265, 267–270, 272–275 von der Malsburg, C., 241–243 Wuerfel, J., 60 von Helmholtz, H., 197 Wynn, T., 40 von Stillfried, N.G., 109 Y W Yanamamo, 45 Waddington, C.H., 50 Yoga, 28, 93, 126, 130, 266 Waking consciousness, 218, 220, 222, 223 Young, T., 43, 46, 59, 110, 111, 197 Walach, H., 1, 4, 81, 86, 88, 97, 106, 129, 255 Waldron, J.L., 58 Wallace, B.A, 159, 281 Z Wallace, B.A., 159, 281 Zatorre, R., 66 Watts, A., 157, 174, 190 Zeki, S., 65, 170 Wave, 68, 77, 83, 90, 111–115, 144, 163, Zen, 17, 24, 113, 115, 121–124, 126, 132, 133, 175–178, 190, 197, 201, 219, 222, 136, 151, 199 223, 235, 268, 270, 271, 274, 281, Zero point feld, 6 283, 284 Zohar, 232, 233, 236, 237, 242, 243, Wave-particle duality, 111–113 245, 246