Body Systems FlipBook kids version

BodySystem Enzo Cordeiro Table of Contents

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsIntegumentaryMusculoskeletalNervous SystemSpecial SensesCardiovascularRespiratoryDigestiveUrinaryReproductiveBibliography Table of Contents

IntegumentaryFunctionact as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protectagainst disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature.DiseaseEczema- Inflammatory condition of the skinAlopecia Areata- Hair lossHealth Care ProfessionsDermatologist- Doctor who specializes in hair, skin, and nailsFamily Doctor- Can identify basic skin conditionsStructuresEpidermis- ​layer of the skin that covers almost the entire body surfaceDermis- th​ e dermis is the deep layer of the skin found under the epidermisHypodermis- ​layer of loose connective tissuesHair- ​Hair helps to protect the body from UV radiation by preventing sunlight from striking the skin. Hair alsoinsulates the body by trapping warm air around the skin.Nails- ​ reinforce and protect the end of the digits and are used for scraping and manipulating small objects. Table of Contents

Table of Contents

MusculoskeletalFunctionprimary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs.DiseaseTendonitis– Repeated strain on a tendon, attachment of a muscle to bone, can inflame the tendon resultingin pain and difficulty with movement involving the muscle.Osteoporosis – “Porous bone.”When too much calcium is dissolved from bones or not enough replaced,bones lose density and are easily fractured.Health Care ProfessionsOrthopedic surgeon- a doctor who specializes in bone, muscle, and joint surgery.Chiropractor- someone who specializes in treating problems that affect the alignment of muscles andbones.StructuresSkeletal muscle- ​coarse muscle tissue optimized for contracting and moving body partsSmooth muscle ​Smooth muscle tissues control blood flow in major organs and are key in regulating bloodpressure.Tendons c​ onnect skeletal muscles to the boneLigaments p​ rovide stability for the bones both during movement by the skeletal muscles and during rest.Bone p​ rovides structural support for the entire body. Table of Contents

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Nervous SystemFunctionThe nervous system has three main functions: gathering sensory input, integrating data, and forming motoroutputDisease-Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) – the fancy name for a “stroke”.Aphasia – loss of speech.Health Care Professions-Neurologist- A​ neurologist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the nervous system-Anesthesiologist:P​ hysicians who administer anesthetics prior to, during, or after surgery or other medicalproceduresStructuresBrain- ​Controls the entire bodyThe brain is divided into: ● Cerebrum - the largest part of the brain. It is the centre for thought and intelligence. It is divided into right and left hemispheres. ● Cerebral cortex - the outside of the cerebrum. Its function is learning, reasoning, language and memory. ● Cerebellum - lies below the cerebrum at the back of the skull. Its functions are to control voluntary muscles, balance and muscle tone. ● Medulla - controls heart rate, breathing, swallowing, coughing and vomiting. Table of Contents

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Special SensesFunctionSight, Hearing, Touch, Taste, SmellDisordersBlepharoptosis- drooping of the upper eyelidMonochromatism- Color Blindness ...inability to distinguish colorsHealth Care ProfessionsOptometrists: Perform vision tests and analyze results.Otolaryngologists- are physicians trained in the medical and surgical management and treatment of patientswith diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throatStructuresEyes- responsible for sightNose- responsible for sense of smellear - responsible for hearing Table of Contents

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CardiovascularFunctionprovide individual cells with oxygen and nutrients and helps dispose of metabolic wastes.DiseaseMitral valve prolapse: the valve between your left upper and left lower chamber doesn't close rightAortic stenosis: your aortic valve narrows. It affects blood flow from your heart to the bodyMitral valve insufficiency: your mitral valve doesn't close tightly enough. This makes blood back upHealth Care ProfessionsCardiologist: a doctor that studies the structure function and disorder of the heartCardiovascular surgeon- operates on the heartStructuresHeart- pump bloodArtery- carry blood away from the heartVein- carry blood to the heartCapillaries- ​Capillaries carry blood very close to the cells of the tissues of the body inorder to exchange gases Table of Contents

Table of Contents

RespiratoryFunctionprovide individual cells with oxygen and nutrients and helps dispose of metabolic wastes.DiseaseLung cancer- Lung cancer is cancer that starts in the lungCroup- a viral infection that causes swelling in the throat and vocal cordsHealth Care ProfessionsPulmonologist- a physician who possesses specialized knowledge and skill in the diagnosis and treatmentof pulmonary (lung) conditions and diseasesCardiothoracic surgeon- specializes in surgical procedures of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and otherorgans in the chest.StructuresUpper respiratory tract:This includes the nose, mouth, and the beginning of the trachea (the section that takes air in and lets it out)Lower respiratory tract:This includes the trachea, the bronchi, bronchioles and the lungs (the act of breathing takes place in this part of thesystem). The trachea​ – the tube connecting the throat to the bronchi. The bronchi​ – the trachea divides into two bronchi (tubes). One leads to the left lung, the other to the right lung. Inside the lungs each of the bronchi divides into smaller bronchi. The bronchioles​ - the bronchi branches off into smaller tubes called broncheoli which end in the pulmonary alveolus. Pulmonary alveoli​ – tiny sacs (air sacs) delineated by a single-layer membrane with blood capillaries at the other end. The exchange of gases takes place through the membrane of the pulmonary alveolus, which always contains air: oxygen (O2) is absorbed from the air into the blood capillaries and the action of the heart circulates it through all the tissues in the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide (CO2) is transmitted from the blood capillaries into the alveoli and then expelled through the bronchi and the upper respiratory tract. The inner surface of the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place is very large, due to the structure of the air sacs of the alveoli. The lungs –​ a pair of organs found in all vertebrates. Table of Contents

Table of Contents

DigestiveFunctionbreakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body.DiseaseDysphagia – Difficulty swallowingPeritonitis – Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity.Health Care Professionsgastroenterologist is a physician who specializes in diseases of the digestive systemgastric surgeon- specializes in surgical procedures of the digestive systemStructuresMouth- The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tractEsophagus- the esophagus delivers food to your stomach.Stomach- \" that holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking downfoodSmall intestine- the small intestine is a 22-foot long muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymesreleased by the pancreas and bile from the liver.Pancreas- secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenumLiver- process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestineAnus- where digestive waste is excreted Table of Contents

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UrinaryFunctionremove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine.DiseaseNephrosis – a noninflammatory disease of kidneys.Nephrolith – a kidney stone.Nocturia – frequently getting up and urinating during the night.Health Care Professionsurologist is a physician who specializes in diseases of the urinary tract and the male reproductive system.genitourinary surgery, is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the maleand female urinary tract systemStructuresKidney- ​ All blood in the body flows through the kidneys every 10 minutes, so your blood isfiltered for toxins 150 times a day.Ureters- The tubes which connect the kidneys to the bladder.Bladder- stores urineUrethra- takes urine from inside the body (the bladder) to outside. Table of Contents

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ReproductiveFunctionT​ he female reproductive system has two functions: The first is to produce egg cells, and the second is toprotect and nourish the offspring until birth. The male reproductive system has one function, and it is toproduce and deposit sperm.Health Care ProfessionsGynecologist- d​ eals with the functions and diseases specific to women and girls, especially those affectingthe reproductive system.Fertility specialist- a doctor that specializes in fertility Table of Contents

Bibliographyhttp://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/integumentaryhttp://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_musculoskeletal_pain/hic_Normal_Structure_and_Function_of_the_Musculoskeletal_Systemhttp://www.livescience.com/22665-nervous-system.htmlhttp://study.com/academy/lesson/the-five-senses-their-functions.htmlhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/17350-structure-functions-cardiovascular-system/https://www.mada.org.il/en/about/engineer/challenge/respiratory-systemhttp://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_The_Structure_and_Function_of_the_Digestive_Systemhttp://www.womens-health-advice.com/urinary-system.html Table of Contents