PROJECT 2 summer

GENOAGTIROANPAHLIC CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS Animal classification is the process of identifying, naming and organizing animal species into groups. If you do not know the names of things, the knowledge of them is lost, too -Carl Linnaeus

Mammals Mammals include humans and all other animals that are warm-blooded vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) with hair. They feed their young with milk and have a more well-developed brain than other types of animals. African elephant An adult african elephants trunk is about seven feet (two meters) long! Its actually an elongated nose and upper lip. Like most noses, trunks are for smelling. 2

When an elephant drinks, it sucks When an elephant gets a whiff of something interesting, it sniffs the as much as 2 gallons (7.5 liters) of air with its trunk raised up like a water into its trunk at a time. Then it submarine periscope. If threatened, curls its trunk under, sticks the tip of an elephant will also use its trunk to its trunk into its mouth, and blows. make loud trumpeting noises as a Out comes the water, right down warning. the elephant›s throat.Since african Elephants are social creatures. elephants live where the sun is They sometimes hug by wrapping usually blazing hot, they use their their trunks together in displays of trunks to help them keep cool. greeting and affection. First they squirt a trunkful of cool Elephants also use their trunks to water over their bodies. Then they help lift or nudge an elephant calf often follow that with a sprinkling over an obstacle, to rescue a fellow of dust to create a protective layer of elephant stuck in mud, or to gently dirt on their skin. raise a newborn elephant to its feet. Elephants pick up and spray dust And just as a human baby sucks its the same way they do water—with thumb, an elephant calf often sucks their trunks.Elephants also use their its trunk for comfort. trunks as snorkels when they wade One elephant can eat 300 pounds in deep water. An elephant›s trunk is (136 kilograms) of food in one day. controlled by many muscles. People hunt elephants mainly for Two fingerlike parts on the tip of the their ivory tusks. Adult females and trunk allow the elephant to perform young travel in herds, while adult delicate maneuvers such as picking a males generally travel alone or in berry from the ground or plucking a groups of their own. single leaf off a tree. Two fingerlike parts on the tip of the Common name: African elephants trunk allow the elephant to perform Scientific name: Loxodonta delicate maneuvers such as picking a Type: Mammals berry from the ground or plucking a Diet: Herbivore single leaf off a tree. Group name: Herd Elephants can also use its trunk to Average life span in the wild: Up to grasp an entire tree branch and pull 70 years it down to its mouth and to yank Size: Height at the shoulder, 8.2 to up clumps of grasses and shove the 13 feet greenery into their mouths. Weight: 2.5 to seven tons 3

The beluga, or white whale, is one of the smallest species of whale. Their distinctive color and prominent foreheads make them easily identifiable. Beluga whale Unlike most other whales, the beluga has a very flexible neck that enables it to nod and turn its head in all directions. 4

Belugas Arctic belugas The beluga is migrate not related to generally live southward in the sturgeon of together in large herds the same name, small groups when the which has been known as pods. sea freezes heavily fished They are over. Belugas for its famous social animals feed on fish, caviar. and vocal crustaceans, communicators and worms. using a diversified The whale language of is related to clicks, whistles, the tusked and clangs. «unicorn» Belugas can whale known as also copy a the narwhal. variety of other sounds. Common name: Beluga whale These whales Scientific name: are common Delphinapterus leucas in the arctic Type: Mammals oceans coastal Diet: Carnivore waters, though Group name: Pod they are found Average life span in the wild: in subarctic 35 to 50 years waters as well. Size: 13 to 20 feet Weight: 1 to 1.5 tons 5

Fish Fish are vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) that live in water. They breathe using special organs called gills. Clown anemonefish This -4inch-long (-10centimeter-long) fish shares an amazing partnership with another sea creature: the anemone (pronounced: uh-nem-uh-nee). The partnership benefits both participants, and the close relationship led to the fish being named an anemonefish. Anemones have tentacles The anemone benefits from having the fish around, too. that sting, but the clownfish The useful fish nibbles away isn't bothered by them. In fact, parasites that bug the anemone. it lives among the tentacles. And sometimes the anemonefish Living among the tentacles brings food into the tentacles of the anemone, the clown which the anemone can also eat. anemonefish gains protection Generally several anemonefish from predators—which don't dare make one host anemone their get near the stinging protector. home. The anemonefish also gets to eat leftovers from the anemones meals. Common name: Clownfish Scientific name: Amphiprioninae Type: Fish Diet: Carnivore Group name: School Average life span in the wild: 6 to 10 years Size: 4.3 inches 6

Seahorse Seahorses are tiny fishes that are named for the shape of their head, which looks like the head of a tiny horse. There are at least 25 species of seahorses. You’ll find Tiny, spiny plates Common name: Seahorses cover seahorses› Scientific name: Hippocampus seahorses in the bodies all the Type: Fish world’s tropical way down to Diet: Carnivore and temperate their curled, Group name: Herd coastal waters, flexible tails. The Average life span in the wild: swimming tail can grasp 1 to 5 years upright among objects, helpful Size: 0.6 to 14 inches seaweed and when seahorses other plants. want to anchor Seahorse young Unlike kangaroos, Seahorses use themselves to hatch after up baby seahorses their dorsal fins vegetation. to 45 days in the do not return to (back fins) to A female seahorse brood pouch. the pouch. They propel slowly lays dozens, The baby must find food forward. sometimes seahorses, each and hide from hundreds, of eggs about the size predators as soon To move up in a pouch on the of a jelly bean, as they’re born. and down, male seahorse’s find other baby seahorses adjust abdomen. Called seahorses and the volume of a brood pouch, float together in air in their swim it resembles a small groups, bladders, which kangaroo’s pouch clinging to each is an air pocket for carrying other using their inside their young. tails. bodies. 7

Birds Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) and are the only animals with feathers. Although all birds have wings, a few species cant fly. Adélie penguin Adélie penguins breed and raise their young on the continent of antarctica. In september and october—springtime in that part of the world—thousands of adélies gather on the rocky antarctic shoreline. The huge gatherings are called colonies. Adélie penguins They feast These groups of Theyre powerful mainly on krill, young adélies are and graceful in build nests by tiny shrimplike called crèches. the water, with scooping out areas animals, but also By march, when torpedo-shaped in the ground. The eat fish and squid. adélie chicks are bodies that pierce female usually Parents take turns about nine weeks through the water. lays two eggs in caring for their old, their downy Their modified the nest. Adélie youngsters after baby feathers have wings help propel penguin eggs they hatch until been replaced them through hatch in december. the chicks are by waterproof water instead of In the antarctic about three weeks adult feathers. air. These birds winter, the adélie old. At that point, They plunge into are swimmers, not penguins live at both parents may the sea, and start fliers. sea. Both parents leave to forage for hunting for food care for the eggs. food while the on their own. While one stays chicks gather in Like other penguin behind keeping the safety of a large species, adélies the eggs warm group of other are excellent and safe from young penguins. swimmers. predators, the other parent heads Common name: Adélie out to sea to eat. penguin Scientific name: Pygoscelis adeliae Type: Birds Diet: Carnivore Group name: Colony Average life span in the wild: 11 to 20 years 8 Size: 27.5 inches Weight: 8.5 to 12 pounds

Bald eagle A bald eagle›s white head may make it look bald. But actually the name comes from an old english word, «balde,» meaning white. These graceful birds have been the national symbol of the united states since 1782. Babies, called Then they glide Thats about the just above the distance from eaglets, are born water, snag a fish the floor to the light gray then with their feet, ceiling! turn brown. and fly off to eat When they are it. Eagle nests are four to five years Bald eagles were called aeries (air- old, they develop on the brink ees). Bald eagles their normal of extinction build their nests white heads and because of at the very top of tails. In the wild, hunting and tall trees so the they can live to pollution. eggs will be safe. be 35 years old But laws created or more. almost 40 years Some parents Bald eagles can ago have helped come back year soar over 10,000 protect them, after year to feet (3,048 and theyve made the same nest, meters) high, a comeback. adding more and their great Female bald sticks, twigs, and eyesight lets eagles are a bit grass each time. them see fish up bigger than to a mile (1.6 males. Common name: Bald eagle kilometers) away. Their bodies can Scientific name: Haliaeetus When they be three feet (one leucocephalus attack, they drop meter) long, and Type: Birds down at up to their wingspan Diet: Carnivore 100 miles (161 can be eight feet Average life span in the wild: kilometers) an (2.4 meters) Up to 28 years hour! across. Size: Body: 34 to 43 inches; wingspan: 6 to 8 feet Weight: 6.5 to 14 pounds 9

Publication Design AGD 351 SUMMER 2021 Ayeh Al Sajwani 201915208