ETIME 2021 Proceedings E-Book

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME - 2021) 28th - 29th, September 2021



Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME - 2021) 28th - 29th, September 2021 Editors Dr. K. Srinivasulu Reddy Dr. A. Bala Raju Dr. E. Jayakiran Reddy Ogranized by Department of Mechanical Engineering- 501 301 SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NBA & NAAC with A+ Grade) Yamnapet, Ghatkesar Mandal- 501 301 Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Paramount Publishing House NEW DELHIHYDERABAD

All rights are reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may not be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from Paramount Publishing House. Information contained in this book has been published by Paramount Publishing House, Hyderabad and has been obtained by its Author(s) from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the Publisher is not liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. The authors are solely responsible for the contents published in the paper. Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME - 2021) First Edition - 2021 Copyright © Dr.K.Srinivasulu Reddy, Dr. A. Bala Raju, Dr. E. Jayakiran Reddy ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1 Paramount Publishing House A-531, H.No. 4-32-521, Phase-1, Allwyn Colony, Kukatpally, Hyderabad - 500 072. Ph. : 7799000082 Sales Offices : Hyderabad A-531, H.No. 4-32-521, Phase-1, Allwyn Colony, Kukatpally, Hyderabad - 500 072. Ph. : 7799000082 New Delhi C/14, SDIDC Work Centre Jhilmil Colony, New Delhi-100095. Phone: 011-2162365. [email protected] | [email protected] Published by Krishna Prasad Alluri for Paramount Publishing House and printed by him at Sai Thirumala Printers. iv iv

MESSAGE Dr. K. T. Mahhe Chairman, Sree Group Advances in Mechanical Engineering encompasses many of the developments during the 20th and early 21st centuries, including high tech products and processes and Clean, green, and flexible manufacturing.There is information explosion and revolutionarychanges are taking place in the world especially in the areas of Manufacturing Technology. In the light of the above, it is necessary to update the knowledge of the faculty and expose them to the developments that are taking place in the Research and Development areas so that they can become competent to introduce new subjects in their curricula and thus prepare the students to face the changes in the global scenario. With this objective in mind, Sreenidhi Institute of Science andTechnology(SNIST) is organizing National Conference entitled \"EmergingTrends in Mechanical Engineering\" ETIME-2021 under the Department of Mechanical Engineering. The primaryobjective of the Conference is to discuss and exchange the latest trends in Mechanical Engineering Vision of SNIST is to emerge as a leading Center for Technical Education and Research with focus to produce professionallycompetent and sociallysensitive engineers capable of working in multidisciplinary global environment.On this front, I have specific strategies towards the realization of this bold vision. Among the broad strategies are: enhanced global integration of SNIST through institutional linkages and best practices, incorporating technology into SNIST operations and delivery employing if necessaryonline training and escalating research domain to integrate private sector issues significant to economic development. Icongratulate the Department of Mechanical Engineering for this initiative and wish the Head of the Department and the faculty members an unparalleled success in their future endeavors.I wish all the participants all the best. (Dr. K. T. Mahhe) v

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MESSAGE Mr. K. Abhijit Rao CEO, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology I am very glad to know that Department of Mechanical Engineeringis doing excellent in teaching, organizing conferences, Work Shops and Faculty Development Programmes. Very much excited to know that Mechanical Engineering Department is organizing National Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering, ETIME- 2021. I appreciate the organizers of this conference. I by heart welcome all the participants of this conference.Wish everyone all the best. (K. Abhijit Rao) vii

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Executive Director’s Message Dear all, Sreenidhi Institute of Science &Technology(SNIST) was established in the year 1997 and in a short time it has become a sought after institution. This was made possible because of dedicated and competent faculty who are invited or appointed by the progressive management. SNIST is always in the lead in updating its curriculum through a number of efforts of faculty including skills in demand analysis conducted once in three months, discussions with the industry experts invited by the institution and also from the suggestions given by the industry representatives in the Boards of Studies and Academic Council of the college. SNIST is never hesitant to introduce new subjects in the emerging areas of technology even if enough expertise is not available at the moment of their introduction in the curriculum. The concerned departments conduct Faculty Development Programs in the new subject areas for the benefit of their own faculty but also the faculty of other colleges. In fact, this type of initiative of the college has yielded rich dividends in the selection of SNIST by World Bank for giving assistance under TEQIP Phase I and II. It is well known that the students are customers of the institution. In today's philosophy, the customers must be delighted by the services provided; but not just getting satisfied. The students must continue to be delighted about their joining the institution even after they graduate and are settled in their own professional careers. In this regard, College has been doing everything possible to shape the students into balanced individuals who will be intellectually strong, physically robust, emotionally stable, socially responsible and spiritually enlightened. They are given all the facilities for planning and execution of various events in both extra-curricular and co-curricular areas. The students are given opportunities to learn new knowledge areas as bridge courses beyond the curriculum. It is only the knowledge that increases by sharing. Through this National Conference,organized by Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, the participants will learn about the latest developments in Mechanical Engineering. I wish to place on record the sincere efforts being made by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department for organizing this conference ETIME-2021, which not only helps them and also academic fraternity of other institutions. I wish the Faculty Development Program very success. (Dr. P. Narasimha Reddy) ix

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Director’s Message A hearty congratulation to the team from Mechanical Engineering Department of Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology for organizing such an important event, that also the third time. The conference will help in disseminating the knowledge pertaining to the advancements in various fields of mechanical engineering and current technological developments in relevant fields. The conference will also give an opportunity to the faculty of the department to achieve competitive teaching and learning environment. Students can also benefit a lot from such conferences. Organizers have carefully selected a panel of participants whose contributions will surely make this conference a big success My best wishes for the conference Prof. C V Tomy xi

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Principal’s Message I deem it an honour to take over the role of heading an institute like SNIST, where I have spent the most and the best part of my professional period. All through my stay as a faculty, I admired and adored the functioning of our beloved Executive Director, Dr. P. Narsimha Reddy. Working closely with him, I sensed the pulse of the administrative nuances for an engineering institute of the magnitude of SNIST. The research activities and publications from the various departments are worth appreciation. Apart from that the Faculty development activities organized mark the outlook with which Sreenidhi functions. New initiatives taken up at the Departmental level are in tandem propelling the institution towards its vision of becoming an institution of unbeatable standard. I am happy to note that the Department of Mechanical Engineering is conducting a Two-Day National Conference on emerging trends in Mechanical Engineering. The student activities from various clubs and professional bodies have created a new record and in a humble way reached the international frontiers, where a few workshops during fests were conducted with international tie-ups. The participation, organization and success in Co-curricular and extra-curricular activities gives a glimpse of the students overall enhancement at SNIST. I feel proud to share that our students have won many prizes at institutes like IITs, BITs, NITs, and JNTUH etc Hoping the same zest in future from all Sreenidhians, I wish them the very best. I congratulate the faculty & staff and the organizers, who are directly or indirectly contributing to the success of this important National conference. I wish the conference a grand success. Dr.T.Ch. Siva Reddy xiii

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MESSAGE Welcome to ETIME 2021 Dear Colleagues and Participants As the Dean - Research and Innovation, I am honoured and pleased to welcome you to the National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME) 2021 to be held on September 28th and 29th 2021. At SNIST we believe that strong academics adjoined with R&D are the essential attributes thatdetermine the success of technical education. SNIST research efforts are towards productivecollaboration with leading Research Institutes, both nationally and globally, to invent and providesolutions to societal problems. Over the past five years the faculty and students of SNIST havepublished over 2000+ peer reviewed journals, developed 120+ innovative prototypes and filed 85 national and international patents. I appreciate the efforts made by the Department of Mechanical Engineering for organizing thenational conference during the difficult pandemic period. I express my gratitude for your participation and welcome you all. The conference will be an ideal platform to share knowledge,exchange experience and forge alliance in the emerging areas to address prevailing issues. I wish the conference much success. Respectfully, Dr. Ameet Chavan xv

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HOD’s Message It gives me a great sense of fulfilment and accomplishment that our Department of Mechanical Engineering at Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology is bringing out this proceedings book for the National Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) , an annual event conducted by our department. In addition to imparting training to the pupils and generating graduates, institutes of higher learning should also generate new ideas and knowledge for the benefit of the society and to take up activities for rapid dissemination of new technologies and solutions. Our department and SNIST as a whole, under the leadership or our visionary management, have been playing their due role in this respect through thriving research programs and highly successful conferences and symposia. ETIME is one among the several conferences organized by SNIST and on the last three occasions it has attracted researchers and academicians from prestigious institutions across India. The popularity of this conference has been steadily growing over this time and this year we have received papers from more number of institutions than before and also from farther places than before. We hope that this book which is compiled with the papers received for presentation at the conference will be a good souvenir for all the participants and will continue to inspire and motivate them for years to come. I would like to take this opportunity to thank faculty, staff and students of our department for their efforts in organizing this conference. I would like express our sincere gratitude towards, our director, principal, for their constant support and cooperation in making this conference a recurrent success. Finally, we thank our progressive management for their unwavering encouragement and guidance in realizing the full potential of our department. Dr. A.Purushotham xvii

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Convenor’s Message We are extremely happy to be given an opportunity to serve as the conference convenors of 3rd National Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering, ETIME-2021, during 28-29 September, 2021 organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering atSreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology. I would like to thank Management and Principal for keeping trust on us to organize this conference. The main object of the conference is to provide high-quality platform for academicians, industrialists, research scholars and PG students of the Mechanical Engineering to share their knowledge and innovative ideas of the present trends in broad area of the Mechanical stream. It is also to provide an occasion to the participants to learn, identify and implement their novel ideas in Design, Thermal, Production and Industrial streams in Mechanical Engineering. We would like to thank Secretary, CEO, Director and Principal. We express our gratitude to HOD and Colleagues, who extended their support for making this event a grand success. We hope this event will be purposeful and useful to the participants in their career. We express our best wishes to all the participants for their bright future. Dr. K. Srinivasulu Reddy Dr. D. Kondayya xix

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Co-Convenor’s Message We express our sincere thanks for the opportunity given to work as co-convenors for the 3rd National Conference on \"Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering\", ETIME-2021, during 28-29 September, 2021 organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology. We would like to thank Management, Director, Principal and Head of the Department for keeping trust on us to organize this conference. The main motive of the conference is to providea good platform for academicians, industrialists, research scholars and PG students of the Mechanical Engineering to share their knowledge and innovative ideas of the emerging trends in area of the Mechanical Engineering. It is also to provide an occasion to the participants to learn, identify and implement their novel ideas in Design, Thermal, Production and Industrial streams in Mechanical Engineering. We express our gratitude to HOD and Colleagues, who extended their support for making this event a grand success. We wish this event will be useful to the participants in their research andcareer. We express our best wishes to all the participants for their bright future. Dr. A. Bala Raju Dr. E. Jayakiran Reddy xxi

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SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NBA & NAAC with A + grade) Yamnampet, Ghatkesar Mandal, Hyderabad- 501 301 3rdNATIONAL E-CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ETIME-2021) 28th -29th, September 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering Conference Theme: After successfully completing two editions of National Conferences under the ETIME series, the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology: Hyderabad brings to you ETIME (Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering)- 2021. Rapid technological developments in the field of Mechanical Engineering have led to an exhilarating period, wherein the challenges faced by today's engineers are motivating them to keep abreast of the emerging trends through continuous research and development. To realize these challenges, ETME-2021 intends to work as a forum to bring academicians, researchers and practicing engineers from different parts of the country for exchanging their ideas, knowledge and experience in the field of Mechanical Engineering. ORGANIZING COMMITTEES: CHIEF PATRON Dr.K.T.Mahhe, Chairman, Sree Educational Group PATRONS Mr.K.Abhijit Rao, CEO, SNIST Dr. C.V.Tomy, Director, SNIST CHIEF ADVISOR Dr.T.Ch.Siva Reddy, Principal, SNIST TECHNICALADVISORY Dr.A.Kumar, Professor, NITW COMMITTEE Dr.Sreeram Venkatesh, Professor, OUCE Dr.M. Indira Rani, Professor, JNTUH Dr.D. Chakradhar, IIT Palakkad Dr. Y.V. Daseswara Rao, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Dr.A.Gopala Krishna, Director R&D, JNTUK Dr. R.Madhu Sudhan, Professor, AUCE Mr.P.Kiran, Sc’G’DRDL Hyderabad Mr.K.Subramanyam, Quanint Techsoft Ltd., Hyderabad xxiii

ORGANIZING SECRETARIES Dr.T.Ch.Siva Reddy Dr.A.Purushotham ORGANIZING CONVENORS Dr. D. Kondayya Dr. K. Srinivasulu Reddy CO-CONVENORS Dr. A. Balaraju Dr. E. Jaya Kiran Reddy DEPARTMENTALADVISORY Dr. G. S.Reddy COMMITTE Dr. B. Ravi Dr. Y. Venkatanarayana Dr .Vijay Bhaskar Dr. Shokat Ali Dr. P. Nithish Reddy Dr. G. Konda Reddy Mr. K. Ramakrishna Mr. V. Ravinder Reddy Dr. S.V. Sateesh Dr. Rahul Pachori Dr. Bhanoday Kiran Dr. Harshavardhan Dr. Hameer Singh Address for Communication: Organizing Convener ETIME-2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology Yamnampet, Ghatkesar Mandal Hyderabad - 501 301. Telangana Email: [email protected] Ph: 9866391303/9985792954/9848086219 xxiv

SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NBA & NAAC with A + grade) Yamnampet, Ghatkesar Mandal, Hyderabad- 501 301 3rd NATIONAL E-CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ETIME-2021) 28th -29th, September 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering AGENDA Day-1 (Inaugural Session& Technical Sessions) 1. Inviting the dignitaries by the Convenor Dr.K. Srinivasulu Reddy  Chief Guest : Prof. A. Gopala Krishna, Director R&D  Director JNT University Kakinada, Kakinada, AP  Principal : Prof. C V Tomy  Dean - Research : Dr. T. Ch. Siva Reddy  H.O.D : Dr. Ameet Chavan : Dr. A .Purushotham 2. Lighting of the lamp and Invocation: Video Play by Coordinator or by students on live 3. Opening Remarks by Convenor Dr.D.Kondayya 4. Address the Gatheringby HoD : Dr. A. Purushotham 5. Address the Gathering : Director : Principal : Dean Research 6. Introduction of the Honorable Chief Guest by Dr. D. Kondayya 7. Releasing the Conference Proceedings by: Director/Principal/ Chief Guest/Dean Research/ HoD/Convenors & Co-Convenors 8. Keynote Address by Dr. A. Gopala Krishna Summary of the session by Dr.G S Reddy 9. Vote of thanks by Dr. A. Bala Raju 10. Starting the Technical Sessions- announcement by : Dr. JayakiranReddy.E xxv

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SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NBA & NAAC with A + grade) Yamnampet, Ghatkesar Mandal, Hyderabad- 501 301 3rd NATIONAL E-CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ETIME-2021) 28th -29th, September 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering Day 1 (28-09-2021) - Presentation Schedule 10.00 AM- 10.30 AM : Inauguration of ETIME-2021 10.30 AM - 11.30 AM : Key note Address : Prof. A.Gopala Krishna Director, R & D JNT University Kakinada. Session –1 (11.30 AM to 1.00 PM) Session Chair : Dr.P Kishore Kumar, VBIT, Hyderabad Dr. G.S Reddy.Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad Time Paper ID Name of the Participant Paper Title 11.30am -11.45am ETIME2021-101 K.Mathivanan Design Optimization OfSuspension System Used in Heavy Load Vehicle 11.45am-12.00pm ETIME2021-103 P.Jaya Prakash Experimental Investigation on Properties of Acacia Biodiesel 12.00pm -12.15pm ETIME2021-136 G. Guru Saiprasad Estimating The Tensile Behavior of Hybrid Composite Laminates 12.15pm -12.30pm ETIME2021-122 Experimental Investigations of Alloy Steel A.Venkata Vishnu Under Sustainable Manufacturing Techniques 12.30pm -12.45pm ETIME2021-123 T. Satheesh Design Of Contactless Braking System 12.45pm - 1.00pm ETIME2021-142 Bill Christopher Sirigiri Procedure For Design and Development of Automated CAD Model Using SolidworksAPI LUNCH BREAK (1.00pm to 2.00pm) Session –2 2.00 PM to 3.30 PM Session Chair : Dr. Hari Prasad, Sree Vidya Niketan college of Engineering ,Tirupathi Dr. Nitish Reddy, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad 2.00pm -2.15pm ETIME2021-118 Dr. K.Srinivasulu Reddy Machining Parameters Optimization of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite- Grey Relational Approach 2.15pm - 2.30pm ETIME2021-114 Dr.A.Bala Raju/ Md. Ali Structural Analysis Of Naca4420 Wind Turbine Aerofoil Using CFD 2.30pm - 2.45pm ETIME2021-119 A Pavan Kumar Modeling and Structural Analysis of Composite Material Based Automobile Chassis 2.45pm - 3.00pm ETIME2021-126 S.Jaya Kishore/ Chritopher Experimental Investigation on Tribological Characteristics of Hybrid Composites 3.00pm - 3.15pm ETIME2021-110 Md. Shaukat Ali Numerical Study of Conjugate Natural Convection from Perforated Annular Fins 3.15pm - 3.30pm ETIME2021-104 Dr. PVS Subhashini Optimization of parameters for deburring operation with SCARA xxvii

TEA Break for 5 minutes Session –3 3.30 PM to 5.00 PM Session Chair :Dr. Rayudu Payyala, Dean of Academics, Anantha Lakshmi College of Engineering Anant hapuram, Dr.Bhanodaya KiranBabu, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad 3.30pm - 3.45pm ETIME2021-108 Dr Md Abid Ali Mechanical Behavior of Jute/ Banana Hybrid Composites 3.45 pm - 4.00pm ETIME2021-129 P.Vijay Anand Design and Analysis of Angular Transmission Mechanism 4.00 pm - 4.15pm ETIME2021-139 Sreenivasulusurisetty Characterization of Mechanical Behavior of ABS/Calcium Sulphate Particulate Composites 4.15 pm - 4.30pm ETIME2021-150 Dr Gondi Konda Reddy Transient analysis of cylinder block component using Ansys 4.30 pm - 4.45pm ETIME2021-116 Dr A Purushotham Some Simulation Studies on RC Aircraft Wing 4.45 pm – 5.00pm ETIME2021-151 Dr Gondi Konda Reddy Optimization of operating parameters of wire EDM using design of experiments criteria Day-1 Programme closing remarksby Convenor: Dr.K.Srinivasulu Reddy xxviii

SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NBA & NAAC with A + grade) Yamnampet, Ghatkesar Mandal, Hyderabad- 501 301 3rd NATIONAL E-CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ETIME-2021) 28th -29th, September 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering Day 2 (29-09-2021) - Presentation Schedule 10.00 AM - 10.15 AM: Address by Convenor 10.15 AM - 11.30 AM : Key note Address : Dr. A Kumar Professor, HOD, MED NIT Warangal Session –4 (11.30 AM to 1.00 PM) Session Chair : Dr. Prakash, Guru Nanak Institutions, Hyderabad Dr B.Ravi , Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad Time Paper ID Name of the Participant Paper Title 11.30am -11.45am ETIME2021-130 Static Structural Analysis Milan Motta AndOptimisationOfSingle Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Crankshaft 11.45am-12.00pm ETIME2021-135 A Comprehensive Study and Review of Milan Motta Ductile & Brittle Fracture Behaviour of Bimetallic Welds at Cryogenic Temperatures 12.00pm -12.15pm ETIME2021-107 Dr. BazaniShaik for Reactor Pressure Vessel’s 12.15pm -12.30pm ETIME2021-102 Deepak S Microstructural Investigations WithFriction Stir Welding on Aluminium Alloys 12.30pm -12.45pm ETIME2021-121 G.Guru Mahesh Experimental investigation of material 12.45pm - 1.00pm ETIME2021-106 Sai Sridhar Devarakonda removal rate, surface roughness of 304 stainless steel using CNC wire EDM Review On Laser Drilling on Gfrp Composites Modeling and 3D Printing of Bevel Gear LUNCH BREAK (1.00 PM to 2.00 PM) Session –5 2.00 PM to 3.30 PM Session Chair : Dr.B. Vijaya Kumar, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology Dr.Y.Venkatanarayana, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad 2.00pm -2.15pm ETIME2021-109 G Aravind Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters To Improve Flexural Strength On FDM Material 2.15pm - 2.30pm ETIME2021-134 Madhusudan/Chandar Design and Analysis On Cylinder and Rathod Cylinder Head Of 6-Stroke Si Engine For Weight Reduction 2.30pm - 2.45pm ETIME2021-111 A Research on Solution Approaches for G. EswarBalachandar Optimizing Dynamic Facility Layout Problems 2.45pm - 3.00pm ETIME2021-105 Y.Mohan Murali Design and Analysis of Spindle In Milling Machine 3.00pm - 3.15pm ETIME2021-140 Experimental Investigation of Process S. Siva Sankar Parameters of Awjm on SR, MRRand Doc By Using Analytical Heirarchy Process 3.15pm - 3.30pm ETIME2021-134 Duriseti Venkata Srikanth Performance of Ecofriendly Lubricant Oils' In Large Hydroelectric Thrust Bearings xxix

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SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NBA & NAAC with A + grade) Yamnampet, Ghatkesar Mandal, Hyderabad- 501 301 3rd NATIONAL E-CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ETIME-2021) 28th -29th, September 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering Day 2 (29-09-2021) - Presentation Schedule Parallel Session -1 on 29 Sep 2021, 11:30 AM to 1 PM Session Chair :Dr Chaitanya Kishore, SRIT, Ananthapuram Dr Shokat Ali,Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad Time Paper ID Name of the Participant Paper Title 11.30am -11.45am ETIME2021-137 D. Aakanksha Design and development ofRocker-Bogie Suspension Mechanism 11.45am-12.00pm ETIME2021-141 Vijay/Dr Venkatanarayana Design and Static Analysis of prosthetic foot 12.00pm -12.15pm ETIME2021-138 Jaggarapu Karthik Design and Analysis of SCREW JACK 12.15pm -12.30pm ETIME2021-113 Nehal Balaji/ Dr.Nithish Numerical Study of Flow InConvergent- Divergent Conical Nozzle 12.30pm -12.45pm ETIME2021-128 N. Bhanodaya Kiran Babu Mechanical Behaviour of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials 12.45pm - 1.00pm ETIME2021-154 Ramakrishna Kuppa Characterizationof Biomaterials LUNCH BREAK (1.00 PM to 2.00 PM) Parallel Session-II on 29 Sep 2021, 2 PM to 3:30 PM Session Chair: Dr G. Janardhana Raju, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Group of Institutions, Hyderabad Session Chair: Dr M.Shokat Ali/ Dr S Vijaya Bhaskar, SNIST, Hyderabad 2.00pm -2.15pm ETIME2021-133 Thermal Analysis of Closed Coil Helical Dr. Rahul Pachori Spring Subjected to Heavy Duty By Using Finite Element Analysis 2.15pm - 2.30pm ETIME2021-131 B Sravanthi Flow Analysis ofA Globe Valve By Using CFD 2.30pm - 2.45pm ETIME2021-143 A. Siva Rama Krishna Design and Analysis of All-terrain Vehicle 2.45pm - 3.00pm ETIME2021-134 Design And Fabrication A Two Stroke Dr.A.Bala Raju Working Model Of A Cut Section Engine Using A FDM 3d Printer 3.00pm - 3.15pm ETIME2021-147 JoshnaGajula / V. Suma Investigations into Tool Wear Characteristics latha/Sunanda of Micro Milling Using Pin On Disk And 3D Defo rm 3.15pm - 3.30pm ETIME2021-132 P Chiranjeevi Analysis of Flow Through A Carburetor Valedictory Session: 3.30 PM to 4.00 PM Day-2 Closing Remarks by the Convenor xxxi

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Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME - 2021) CONTENTS S.No Paper ID Title of the Paper Name of the Page Co rres pondin g No 1 ETIME2021-102 Experimental Investigatio n o f Material Remo val 1 2 ETIME2021-103 Rate, Surface Roughness Of 304 Stainless Steel Au tho r 3 ETIME2021-104 Using CNC Wire EDM 12 4 ETIME2021-106 Experimental Investigation on Properties o f Deepak S 18 5 ETIME2021-107 Acacia Biodiesel 25 6 ETIME2021-109 Optimization of Parameters for Deburring P.Jaya Prakash 33 7 ETIME2021-110 Operation with SCARA 41 8 ETIME2021-111 Dr. PVS Subhashini 47 9 ETIME2021-114 Modeling and 3D Printing of Bevel Gear Sai Sridhar 58 10 ETIME2021-115 Devarakonda 63 Microstructural Investigations With Friction Stir 72 11 ETIME2021-117 Welding on Aluminium Alloys Dr. Bazani Shaik 83 Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters To 12 ETIME2021-118 Improve Flexural Strength On FDM Material G Aravind 89 Numerical Study of Conjugate Natural Convection from Perforated Annular Fins Md. Shaukat Ali A Research on Solution Approaches for G. Eswar Optimizing Dynamic Facility Layout Problems Structural Analysis Of Naca4420 Wind Turbine Balachandar Aerofoil Using CFD Dr.A.Bala Raju Performance of Ecofriendly Lubricant Oils' In Duriseti Venkata Large Hydroelectric Thrust Bearings Srikanth Comparative Studies on Sandwich Structural B. Lakshmi Bhargav, Structures C.Raviteja, C.Vamsi Machining Parameters Optimizatio n of Krishna, Alu minium Metal Matrix Co mposite- Grey A.Purushotham Relational Approach K.Srinivasulu Reddy xxxiii

S.No Paper ID Title of the Paper Name of the Page Corresponding No 13 ETIME2021-119 Modeling and Structural Analysis of Composite Material Based Automo bile Chassis Author 96 14 ETIME2021-121 102 15 ETIME2021-122 Review o n Laser Drilling on GFRP Composites A.Pavan Ku mar, 16 ETIME2021-124 D.Kondayya, 113 17 ETIME2021-130 Experimental Investigations of Alloy Steel N.Yashaswini 121 18 ETIME2021-139 Under Sustainable Manufacturing Techniques 128 19 ETIME2021-140 Design And Fabrication A Two Stroke Working G.Guru Mahesh, 134 Model Of A Cut Section Engine Using A FDM C.Ganesh, G.Guru Sai 139 20 ETIME2021-141 3d Printer Prasad, Dr.N.Rajesh, 151 21 Static Structural Analysis and Optimisation of 22 ETIME2021-142 Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine D.Raju 157 23 ETIME2021-144 Crankshaft 162 24 ETIME2021-147 Characterizatio n of Mechanical Behavior of A.Venkata Vishnu 170 ETIME2021-151 ABS/ Calcium Sulphate Particulate Composites 182 Experimental Investigation of Process A.Bala Raju, Parameters of AWJM on SR, MRR and DOC by M.Niharika, Rayudu Using Analytical Heirarchy Pro cess Peyyala Design and Static Analysis of Prosthetic Foot Milan Motta, K.Naga Procedure for Design and Development o f Prathyusha, Auto mated CAD Model Using Solid Works API G.Mamatha, G.Mukesh Design and Analysis of Spindle in Milling Machine S.Sreenivasulu, Investigations into Tool Wear Characteristics of A.Chennakesava Reddy Micro Milling Using Pin on Disk and 3D Deform S.Sivasan kar, T.Hari Optimization of Operatin g Parameters of Wire Prasad EDM Using Design of Experiments Criteria Vijay Kumar Pingili, Venkata Narayana Yen ugula, Ravinder Reddy Visaka Jayakiran Reddy Esanakula, Bill Christopher Sirigiri Y.Mohan Murali, T.Nikhil, B.Anil Kumar Joshna Gajula, Sumalatha, Sunanda Gondi Konda Reddy, P.Vijay Anand, Chandar Rathod xxxiv

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Experimental Investigation of Material Removal Rate, Surface Roughness of 304 Stainless Steel using CNC Wire EDM S.Deepak*, M.Ashokkumar, K.Mathivanan, M.Mathanbabu Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Bargur, Krishnagiri - 635104, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT Wire Cut Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a commonly selecting for material removal technique are used for fabricating components with complex forms and features. WEDM is a unique variation of the traditional EDM technique that starts the sparking process using an electrode. The thin brass, copper, or tungsten made wire electrode with a diameter of 0.05-0.3 mm moving constantly which makes use of that may achieve very tiny corner radii of WEDM. The selected sample material is eroded ahead of the wire during the WEDM process, which eliminates mechanical tensions during machining. The effect of different WEDM operation variables set as wire speed, wire tension, discharge current, dielectric flow rate, pulse on time (TON), and pulse off time (TOFF) on the output parameter, Stainless Steel 304 Material Removal Rate (MRR) using RSM, has been studied. The MRR will be maximized if the optimum set of operational variations is used. Keywords: Eroded, Pulse ON/OFF time, Tool-electrode and Roughness Tester. 1. INTRODUCTION Electric discharge machining (EDM), alternatively referred to as spark machining, spark eroding, burning, die sinking, wire burning, or wire erosion, is a manufacturing method that employs electrical discharges to obtain a desired shape (sparks). Using a series of rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes separated by a dielectric liquid and subjected to an electric voltage, material is removed from the work piece. The tool- electrode, or simply the 'tool' or 'electrode,' is one of the electrodes, whilst the work piece-electrode [2], or just the 'work piece,' is the other electrode. As the distance between the electrodes decreases, the intensity of the electric field in the volume between them exceeds the strength of the [3 - 5] dielectric (at least at some point(s), which breaks, allowing current to flow between the two electrodes. This is analogous to the breakdown of a capacitor (condenser) (see also breakdown voltage).As a result, material is removed from both electrodes [6]. When the current flow slows (or stops - depending on the generator type), fresh liquid dielectric is frequently introduced into the inter-electrode volume, allowing solid particles (debris) to be removed and the dielectric's insulating properties to be restored [7]. Flushing is the process of replenishing the inter-electrode volume with new liquid dielectric. Additionally, following a current flow, the potential difference between the two electrodes [8] is restored to its pre-breakdown state, allowing for another liquid dielectric breakdown. The Wire EDM Detail Diagram is illustrated in Figure 1. ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1 1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Figure 1. Detail diagram of Wire EDM. 2. MATERIAL AND METHOD. 2.1. 304 grade Stainless Steel The most popular stainless steel is SAE 304, commonly known asA2 stainless steel (A2 steel tool not to be confused) with or stainless steel (18/8), standard 1.4301. The major non-iron components of steel are chromium (typically 18%) and nickel (usually 8%). It's a steel made of austenite. It is non-magnetic and not particularly electrically or thermally conductive. It is extensively used because it is easy to mould into different forms and has a better corrosion resistance than ordinary steel. Screws, machinery components, textiles, and other household and industrial items are made of 304 stainless steel. The sample 3D design and 2D is shown in figure 2. ab Figure 2. (a) Component 3D model and (b) Detail 2D drawing. 2 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) 2.2. Stainless Steel - Grade 304 (Uns S30400). Standard Chemical Formula: Fe, <0.08% C, 17.5-20% Cr, 8-11% Ni, <2% Mn, <1% Si, <0.045% P, <0.03% S. Table.1. Chemical Composition C% 0.017 Si% 0.41 Mn% 1.80 Cr% 18.08 Mo% 0.57 Cu% 0.56 Ni% 8.02 Co% 0.113 P% 0.031 S% 0.026 N% 0.087 3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP. 3.1. Tool for machining. The experiment findings were achieved using an Electronica Machine Tools Ltd wire-cut EDM machine (ULTRACUT S2). The technical characteristics of the ULTRACUT S2 WEDM are shown in Table 2. Figure 3. Wire-cut EDM Machine ULTRACUT S2. ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1 3

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Table 2.Technical Specification of the ULTRACUT WEDM. Model ULTRACUT S2 Make Electrica ,Pune Generator El Pulse 50 S Travel Range Main Table Traverse X 600mm , Y 400mm (X, Y) Auxiliary Table U± 40mm , V± 40mm Traverse(Uv) Vertical Z 325mm Max. Table Size 860 x 580mm Max. work piece size 1150 x810x300 Max. Work piece 1000 kg weight Feed Main table feed rate 900mm/min Resolutio n 0.001 mm Wire feed rate 0.15m/min Max. Taper cutting ±15º/100mm Range Dielectric unit Dielectric fluid DM Water Dirty Tank 900 ltr Clean tank 300 ltr Wire Dia 0.25mm Program El Cam V1.14 With H ard wa re Lock ( USB-304 9-2943) 3.2. Performance Measures. WEDM performance is often assessed using the following criteria, independent of the electrode material and dielectric fluid used. 3.2.1 Material Removal Rate (MRR) It greatest is a key indication of the WEDM process' efficiency and cost effectiveness. However, increasing MRR is not necessarily desired for all applications, since it may compromise the work piece's surface integrity. Fast removal rates result in a rough surface finish. The expression of material removal rate (MRR) can be obtained from the WEDM. MRR = Cutting Velocity x Wire Diameter x Material Thickness. 3.2.2 Roughness of the Surface (Ra) The WEDM process creates a huge number of craters on the surface, which are created by the discharge energy. The quality of the surface is mostly determined by the amount of energy per spark. 3.3. Parts Programming in machine The component programming system receives the profile's geometry and the mobility of the wire electrode cutter along it key board, in terms of different definitions of points, lines, and circles as tool path elements, in a 4 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) completely menu-driven, conversational manner. Each path element's wire compensation and taper gradient may be customized individually.After feeding the profile into the computer, all of the path's numerical information is automatically computed, and a printout is produced. On the visual display panel, the entered profile may be checked. The computer records the successful profile definition, which is subsequently sent into the generator for programmed execution. The machine input data are detail shown in table 3&4. Table 3. Input Parameter and their Levels Factors A B C INPUT PARAMETER Pulse ON, (T-ON) Pulse OFF,(T-OFF) Peak Current(IP) UNITS µs µs Amps Level 1 105 115 125 Level 2 43 53 63 Level 3 170 190 210 Table 4. Response Surface Methodology Design SL.NO X1 (T -ON) X2 (T- OFF) X3 (IP) 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 -1 0 5 -1 1 -1 6 0 0 1 7 1 -1 1 8 0 0 -1 9 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 12 -1 -1 -1 13 1 1 1 14 -1 0 0 15 1 -1 -1 16 -1 -1 1 17 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 19 1 1 -1 3.4. Surface Roughness Tester. The Surface Roughness Value for specified experimental components is measured using Taylor Hobson, Surtronic25 Roughness Testers. The Surface Roughness Tester used in Figure 3 and it specifications are listed in table 5. ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1 5

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Figure 4. Roughness Tester. Table 5. Taylor Hobson Model Surtronic25 Range 00-300 µm Evaluation length 2.50 mm -25.0 mm Cut off 0.25 mm -2.50 mm 3.5 Material Removal Rate - Calculations Material Removal Rate (MRR) = Vc x Wire Dia x Material Thickness = 7.8 x 0.25 x 2.052 = 3.933 mm3/min. 6 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Table 6. Result of MRR, Surface Finish WIRE DIAMETER, (mm) 0.2 5 Material Thickness, (mm) 2.052 SL.N O Cutting Velocity (mm/min) MRR (mm3 /min) R a,(µ m) 1 3.933 2 7.8 4.303 2.711 3 8.2 4.557 2.939 4 8.9 4.507 2.92 5 9.2 4.214 2.802 6 8.6 4.474 2.919 7 9.4 4.325 3.012 8 8 4.716 2.807 9 9.8 4.523 2.946 10 9.6 4.572 2.922 11 8.3 4.567 2.968 12 8.4 4.104 2.926 13 7.6 3.807 2.848 14 7.9 4.209 3.021 15 8.8 3.687 2.784 16 7.4 4.565 2.352 17 9 4.557 2.894 18 9.1 4.572 2.92 19 8.9 4.326 2.938 20 7.8 3.736 2.915 7.2 2.707 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. These experimental results were carried out a selected WEDM process. The wire diameter is taken 0.25mm, brass material and dielectric fluid is di-ionized water. The experimental design matrix results are obtained from table 7. Table 7. Results Obtained From Experiment. EX P.NO. INPUT PROCESS PARAMETER 1 Pulse on Time(T-on),µs Pulse off Time(T-off),µs Peak Current(IP),amps 2 3 Coded Actual Coded Actual Coded Actual 4 5 1 125 0 53 0 190 6 7 0 115 1 63 0 190 8 9 0 115 0 53 0 190 10 11 0 115 -1 43 0 190 12 13 -1 105 1 63 -1 170 14 15 0 115 0 53 1 210 16 17 1 125 -1 43 1 210 18 19 0 115 0 53 -1 170 20 0 115 0 53 0 190 0 115 0 53 0 190 0 115 0 53 0 190 -1 105 -1 43 -1 170 1 125 1 63 1 210 -1 105 0 43 0 190 1 125 -1 43 -1 170 -1 105 -1 43 1 210 0 115 0 53 0 190 0 115 0 53 0 190 1 125 1 63 -1 170 -1 105 1 63 1 210 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1 7

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Table 8. Coefficients of Estimated Regression for Surface Roughness, Ra. TERM COEF SE COEF TP CONSTANT 0.682524 2.10589 0.324 0.753 A B 0.201951 0.03963 5.096 0.000 C A *A -0.00411 0.02071 -0.198 0.847 B*B C *C -0.099919 0.01431 -6.982 0.000 A*B A *C -0.001524 0.00017 -9.011 0.000 B*C S -0.000403 0.00016 -2.553 0.029 0.02419 0.000184 0.00003 5.286 0.000 0.001104 0.00008 13.35 0.000 0.000455 0.00004 10.638 0.000 -0.00379 0.00004 -8.86 0.000 R-Sq R-Sq (Adj) 98.60% 97.30% Table 9. The Variance Analysis for Surface Roughness, Ra. source DF Seq-SS Adj-SS Adj-MS F P Regression 9 0.413512 0.413512 0.04592 78.52 0.0 00 3 0.109886 0.03622 0.012134 20.63 0.0 00 Linear 3 0.087207 0.10881 0.036395 61.99 0.0 00 Square 3 0.21642 0.21642 0.072064 123.29 0.0 00 interactions 10 0.005851 0.005851 0.000573 Residual Error 5 0.004096 0.004096 0.000807 - - Lack of Fit 5 0.001755 0.001755 0.00034 2.33 0.1 87 Pure ERROR 19 0.419363 Total - - - - - - Table 10. The Coefficients of Estimated Regression for Material Removal Rate (MRR). TERM C OEF SE COEF TP CONSTANT -53.3003 6.42397 0 .1209 -8.297 0.000 A 0.986 0.06317 B 0.2197 0.04366 8.155 0.000 C -0.0424 0.00052 A*A -0.0046 0.00048 3.477 0.006 B*B -0.0009 0.00011 C*C 0.0003 0.00025 -0.971 0.354 A*B 0.001 0.00013 A*C 0.0001 0.00013 -8.963 0.000 B*C -0.0013 S -1.901 0.087 0.07379 R-Sq 97.00% 2.509 0.031 4.082 0.002 0.652 0.529 -10.043 0.000 R -Sq (A dj) 94.40% Table 11. The VarianceAnalysis of for material removal rate (MRR). source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P Regression 9 1.78682 1.78682 0.1 985 36 36.4 6 0.000 3 0.09402 0.76464 0.2 548 79 46.8 1 0.000 Linear 3 1.05 06 1.09863 0.3 662 11 67.2 6 0.000 Square 3 0.64 22 0.6422 0.2 140 67 39.3 2 0.000 interactions 10 0.05445 0.05445 0.0 054 45 Residual Error 5 0.05275 0.05275 0.0 105 49 - - Lack-of Fit 5 0.00 17 0.0017 0.00034 31.0 3 0.001 Pure ERROR 19 1.84127 Total - - - - - - 8 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) 4.1. Regression analysis for Material Removal Rate. The findings of the experiments were utilised to create a mathematical model that expressed the connection between process parameters and MRR. Multiple regressions is used to calculate the coefficients of mathematical models. MRR = -53.3033 + 0.986 x Ton+0.2197 x Toff - 0.0424xIP-0.0046 x Ton2-0.0009 x Toff2 + 0.0003xIP2 + 0.001 x Ton x Toff + 0.0001 x Ton x IP - 0.0013 x Toff x IP Figure 5. Normal probability plot of the residuals of MRR. 4.2 Regression Analysis for Surface Roughness. The findings of the experiments were utilised to create a mathematical model that expressed the connection between process parameters and surface roughness. Multiple regression is used to calculate the coefficients of mathematical models. SR = 0.682524 + 0.201951 x Ton - 0.00411 x Toff - 0.099919xIP-0.001524 x Ton20.000403 x Toff2 + 0.000184 x IP 2 + 0.001104 x Ton x Toff + 0.0004551 x Ton x IP - 0.000379 x Toff x IP Figure 6. The Normal probability plot of the residuals of Surface roughness. 9 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Wire EDM Process is completed the given input Process Parameter. Shapes of Component Profile are shown in Fig. Figure 7. Wire EDM Component Profile. ab c Figure 8. (a) Contour Plot Of MRR vs B, A., (b) Contour plot of MRR vs C, B. and (c) Contour Plot Of MRR vs C, A. ab c Figure 9. (a) Surface Plot Of Ra Vs C, A., (b) Surface Plot Of Ra vs C, B., and (c) Optimization Plot For MRR, Ra. 10 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) The response optimization plot for MRR and Ra is shown in the graph above. The ultimate goal of our research is to increase MRR while reducing surface roughness. In order to evaluate the Maximum Value of MRR and Ra is minimum, the Desirabilitymethod was utilised to determine the optimal value of variables (Ra). The greatest value of MRR = 4.3198 and Ra = 2.7117 is achieved for the following combination of variables, as shown in the graph. T On = 121.2902(µs) T Off = 43(µs) IP = 196.182(amp) 5. CONCLUSION i. As a consequence, the tests performed on a WEDM machine, and the experimental research findings were derived from the work completed. ii. The pulse on time increase with respect to the surface roughness rises. iii. To achieve a superior surface finish for the specified test range in a 304 stainless steel material, utilise a high pulse on time of 121.2902 (s), low pulse off time of 43.00 (s), and peak current of 196.182 (amps) in the WEDM Process. The Surface Roughness Optimal Value is 2.7117, while the Material Removal Rate is 4.3198. REFERENCES [1] AmiteshGoswami, Jatinder Kumar,(2014) \"Investigation of surface integrity, material removal rate and wire wear ratio for WEDM of Nimonic 80Aalloy using GRAand Taguchi method\", international journal of engineering science and technology, pp 1-12. [2] Anoop Mathew Kurian, et al,(2014),\"Effect of Wire EDM Parameters on Surface Roughness of Stainless Steel 15-5 PH\", International journal of engineering and innovative technology, Vol.4,ISSN 2277-3754. [3] Arjun Biloria, Rupinder Singh, (2014), \"Optimizing the Parameters Influence the Performance of Wire cut EDM Machining\", International Journal of current engineering and technology, Vol.4, No.5, P-ISSN 2347-5161. [4] F. Klockea, et al,(2014), \"Evaluation of Advanced Wire-EDM Capabilities for the Manufacture of Fir Tree Slots in Inconel 718\", 6th CIRP International Conference on High Performance Cutting, pp 430-435. [5] C.D. Shah, et al, (2013), \"Optimization of process parameters of wire electrical discharge machine by response surface methodology of inconal-600\", international journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering, Vol. 3, ISSN 2250- 2459. [6] K.Kumar,(2013), \"Modeling and Optimization of Wire EDM Process\", International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.3, pp 1645-1648. [7] Fuzhu Han, Jun Jiang, Dingwen Yu, (2007) \"Influence of discharge current on machined surfaces by thermo-analysis in finish cut of WEDM\", International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, pp 1187-1196. [8] K.Kanlayasiri, S.Boonmung, (2007),\"Effects of wire-EDM machining variables on surface roughness of newly developed DC 53 die steel: Design of experiments and regression model\", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, pp 459-464. ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1 11

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Experimental Investigation on Properties ofAcacia Biodiesel P.Jayaprakash1, Babu.J.M2 1Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor 1,2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Vellanur,Avadi, Chennai-600 062 ABSTRACT Day by day the demand for fossil fuels is increasing, which causes more dependency on foreign countries. This is the emerging time to investigate for an alternate fuel, since biofuels can be extracted from plant based which have attracted a great concentration as replacements for conventional diesel to decrease dependence on fossil based-oil and also called as an eco-friendly energy. Biodiesel is fitting important between the substitute sources of power due to its profitable, green and community morals. This paper reports the Characteristics of biodiesel from Acacia seeds. The acacia oil has tall free fatty acid contented; hence two step Trans-esterification procedure has been carried out to produce the biodiesel. The oil from seeds is extracted by using Mechanical Extraction Method because of easy method compared to Solvent extraction. The Transesterification reaction of Acacia oil with Methanol alcohol using potassium hydroxide as medium has been deliberated for the fabrication of biodiesel. It has been establish that best possible values of catalyst concentration and reaction time are 0.1% w/w and 1 hour correspondingly. The physicochemical property of acacia biodiesel as an substitute energy for diesel engine was characterize through ASTM standards for fuel tests. From the observed characteristics of Acacia biodiesel, it can be easily used as an alternative fuel for CI engines without doing any alteration in the Engines Key words: Acacia Biodiesel-Characterization- Production- Methanol- Potassium hydroxide- Petroleum diesel-Trans-esterification 1. INTRODUCTION The fundamental piece of all energy over the top overall comes from gas as biggest single source, past charcoal, gaseous petrol, hydro and atomic. In any case, these sources are lacking, and will be depleted. Searching for elective wellsprings of force is of fundamental significance, in this manner environmentally friendly power sources are private around the world, inferable from high oil costs and to restrict ozone harming substance emanations [3]. Vegetable oils are an inexhaustible and possibly endless wellspring of power, non-poisonous, environmental in water, contains very less sulfur compounds and has a tall blaze point (>130°C). Before, it is accepted that Rudolf Diesel himself in progress research as for the utilization of vegetable oils as stimulate for CI motors [7]. Because of their elevated thickness and little precariousness, the immediate utilization of vegetable oils in fuel motors is problematical; they don't consume totally and structure store in the fuel injector of diesel motors, and structure of harmful acrogenic. Various ways have been measured to lessen the high consistency of vegetable oils: Blending of vegetable oil with diesel fuel; Micro emulsions with small attach alcohols; Thermal breakdown; Catalytic breaking; Transesterification with solvents (ethanol or methanol) [7].Among this load of choices, the Transesterification appear to be the most ideal decision, as the interaction is moderately simple and the qualities of unsaturated fat esters (biodiesel) are exceptionally near those of diesel fuel [8]. Transesterification 12 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) is a reversible reaction where triacylglycerols are converted to fatty acid alkyl esters and glycerol. Due to the apparently insoluble nature of the two main reactants (oil and alcohol), the use of a channel is necessary as it improves the solubility and accelerates the reaction rate .quite a few vegetable oils, with a diversify symphony in fatty acids, are premeditated for the research of biodiesel: Jatropha, Castor, palm, seed oil of cotton, Pongamia, rubber, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower and virgin oils [9-15]. To the greatest of our understanding, very little Research references regarding the oil composition and bio fuel production fromAcacia seeds. Acacia is the main sort of the family unit Leguminosae, normally recognized as Babool in India. It was assessed that there are approximately 1380 types ofAcacia around the world, around 66% of them restricted to Australia and the rest stretch in the region of hot and subtropical areas of the world [1]. Acacia nilotica (family Leguminosae) for the most part develops to a stature of around 15 - 18 m with a 2 - 3 m measurement (see Fig. 1). The bark is record green in youthful trees and almost dark in grown-up trees. The cases are typically 7 - 15 cm long, green and tomentose when juvenile and greenish dark when rape (see Fig. 2). The pods are indehiscent and profoundly contracted flanked by the seed giving an accessory facade [1]. 8 to 12 Seeds are available per case. The seeds are compacted, ovoid, dim brown colour with hard testa (see Fig. 3).Acacia nilotica is normally boundless in drier spaces ofAfrica (Senegal, Egypt) andAsia (India, Burma and Srilanka). In India it is circulated in woodland regions, street sides, farm lands, reservoir foreshores, badlands and so on [1]. Acacia nilotica develops underneath climatic conditions going from sub tropical to tropical. It can survive outrageous temperature (>50o C) and states of dry spell. It can likewise develop at a dirt; saline (dissolvable salt substance beneath 3%) or antacid (up to PH 9) [1]. In this article, the procedure to fabricate biodiesel from oil extracted from Acacia seeds through Transesterification method is discussed. In accumulation to this, the physical properties of the biodiesels are measured and reported. Figure 1. Acacia tree Figure 2. Acacia pods after Mature Figure 3. Acacia Seeds ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1 13

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) 2. EXPERIMENTATION 2.1 Collection of Acacia seeds TheAcacia pods are collected from theAcacia trees in and around Pathakotha cheruvu Village, Guntakal, Anantapur andAndhra Pradesh. The seeds are then detached from the pods for additional dealing out. The oily acid symphony ofAcacia oil in use commencing the literature is given in Table 1. Table 1. oily acid Composition of Acacia Oil S.NO Fatty Acids Compositions P erc entage (%) 1 Acid of Myristic (C14:0) 0.4 2 Acid of Palmitic (C16:0) 15.7 3 Acid of Stearic (C18:0) 9.0 4 Acid of Arachidic (C20:0) 1.2 5 Acid of Vaccenic (C18:1) 29.0 6 Acid of Linoleic (C18:2) 44.5 *** In CXX:Y, XX indicate the time-span of the chain of carbon and Y indicates the binary bond number 2.2 TRANSESTERIFICATION OF ACACIA SEED OIL Preparation of biodiesel from acacia seed oil byTransesterification, it is a procedure of bymeans of methanol (CH3OH) in the attendance of catalyst Potassium hydroxide (KOH) to chemically brake there molecule of raw oil into ester and glycerol. This practice is a effect of the oil with an alcohol to eradicate the glycerin, a byproduct of biodiesel manufacture. Due to Higher FattyAcid, two stage Trans-esterification Technique is utilized in extraction Process. The oil is preheated up to 50?C, Solvent to oil molar proportion utilized for esterification was 9:1. Sulphuric corrosive was utilized as impetus at 1 % w/w of oil. Sulphuric corrosive have been gradually supplementaryto the methanol and blended well. Then, at that point, the blend has been additional to the preheated oil. The esterification has been completed for around 2 hours. The reactant blend has been permitted to remain in an isolating pipe for 24 hours. The oil film that got matured at the base has been isolated and utilized for trans-esterification. Transesterification response has been done in a comparative trial set up (see Figure 5). The trans-esterification boundaries like Methanol to oil proportion, response heat and momentum of the stirrer have been kept up with as steady for all investigations at 6:1, 60o C and 600 rpm individually. The grouping of impetus (potassium hydroxide) and response time have been shifted from 0.5 % to 2% and 0.5 hr to 2 hrs individually the biodiesel yield has been estimated and looked at. Ideal impetus fixation and response time for greatest biodiesel yield is 1% w/w and 60 minutes. Maximum Biodiesel Yield in two stage process is 87% 14 ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1

Proceedings of the 3rd National E-Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ETIME-2021) Figure 4. Adding Methanol & KOH Solution to Acacia Oil on Mechanical stirrer Subsequent to blending the oil-KOH-liquor arrangement at 600C for an hour the arrangement is moved to a glass compartment. Presently leave the glass holder for 48 hours, because of gravity the detachment happens and biodiesel gets gathered in the higher part of the beaker compartment while glycerin gets gathered in the base piece. This glycerin is eliminated from the compartment. Then, at that point, the biodiesel is washed with water. Again glycerin gets isolated from the biodiesel and is eliminated. The biodiesel is wash with stream of water over and over until no glycerin is there in the biodiesel. Presently this biodiesel is warmed to 100 0C to disintegrate the water contented in it. The subsequent item is the biodiesel which is prepared for utilize as an other for Petroleum Diesel . 2.3 DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERIZATION OFACACIA BIODIESEL The oil got utilizing the non-polar natural solvent (n-Hexane) from the seeds ofAcacia was utilized as the assurance of physical-substance property, which is significant from biodiesel angle.Afew properties of not really set in stone and are displayed in Table-2. In our trials, we recorded the thickness to be 0.886 gm/ml at 30°C for n-Hexane separated seed oil of acacia. The thickness of the seed oil is like those of the supplementary vegetable oil, it is superior than the diesel (0.820-0.845 gm/ml) according to the current ASTM prerequisite. Biodiesel is significantly additional helpless to autoxidation than petrol diesel and autoxidation is a genuine danger to biodiesel fuel superiority. In this manner, oil got from the seed of acacia was described by minor substance of unsaturated greasy than additional vegetable oils, where influences straightforwardly the oxidation solidness of the biodiesel from which it was created. This little level of unsaturation is communicated by the iodine esteem acquired for the biodiesel created 124.48, which it is in concurrence with IS: 548 (PART-1) 1964 (Reaffirmed 2010) standard. This outcome showed that such a biodiesel can introduce a reasonable substance soundness against oxidation. Table-2 Physico-Chemical Properties of Acacia Biodiesel S.No Property Value Method 1 Density@30o C (gm/ml) 0.88 6 I.S.1448 (PART 32) 2 Kinematic Visco sity @ 40oC (cst) 4.15 I.S.1448 (PART 25) 3 Flash Point (oC) I.S.1448 (PART 21) 4 Fire Point (oC) 80 I.S.1448 (PART 21) 5 90 6 Cetane Index 44.6 0 ASTM D 976-91 7 0.57 I.S.1448 (PART 122) 8 Carbon Residue (%) 0.11 I.S.1448 (PART 2) 9 1 24.48 IS:548 (PART-1)-1964 (Reaffirmed 2010) 10 Acid Value (mm KOH/gm) 0.08 I.S.1448 (PART 33) 8534 I.S.1448 (PART 6) Iodine Sulphur (%) Gross Calorific Value (Kcals/Kg) ISBN: 978-0-13-601970-1 15