Proceedings 16th Asian Association for Sport Management Conference

PROCEEDINGS 16th Asian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS OPENING REMARKS BY DR. CHONGRAK WATCHARINRAT ..................................................................... 7 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. ANUCHAI PINYOPUMMIN .................................................... 9 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. SIRIPORN SASIMONTONKUL ............................................... 10 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. SUPITR SAMAHITO.............................................................. 11 Page | 3 WELCOME SPEECH BY PROF. DR. ETSUKO OGASAWARA ...................................................................... 12 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. SOMTHOP THITHATHAN ....................................................... 13 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. ISSADEE KUTINTARA ............................................................ 14 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. GONGSAK YODMANI.............................................................................................. 15 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. CHRISTOPH BREUER .............................................................................................. 16 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. DAVID K. STOTLAR ................................................................................................. 17 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. ETSUKO OGASAWARA ........................................................................................... 18 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. KEVIN FILO............................................................................................................... 19 LIST OF PEER REVIEWERS ............................................................................................................................. 21 CONFERENCE PROGRAM ............................................................................................................................... 23 PRESENTER GUIDELINES ............................................................................................................................... 26 TIMETABLE OF ORAL SESSIONS................................................................................................................... 27 TIMETABLE OF POSTER SESSIONS............................................................................................................... 29 ORAL SESSION .................................................................................................................................................. 31 COMMUNITY-BASED EXERCISING FOR GOOD HEALTH AND A BRIGHT MIND................................. 33 CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF OMNI RATE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION COLOR FACE SCALE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN SINGAPORE ................................................................................................................... 39 SPORT TOURIST’S EXPERIENCE-BASED NOSTALGIA AND REVISIT INTENTION TO THE STADIUM .............................................................................................................................................................................. 41 EXPLORING THE EFFECTS ON PARENTS’ OUTDOOR LEISURE PARTICIPATION WITH CHILDREN: A COMPARISON OF JAPANESE AND THAI PARENTS .................................................................................... 43 THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE 2019 RUGBY WORLD CUP: FOCUSING ON A COMMUNITY HOSTING THE OFFICIAL TEAM CAMPS....................................................................................................... 45 TOURISM FOR WELLNESS.............................................................................................................................. 47 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE OF FAN ENGAGEMENT IN SPORT EVENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC....................................................................................................................................... 56 KNOWLEDGE MAPPING OF ESPORT RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC AND VISUALIZED ANALYSIS57 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ESPORT PROMOTING IN CHINA...................................................................... 59 MANAGEMENT FOR ESPORT ORGANIZATION: CONSIDERATION AS OLYMPIC SPORT ................... 64 THE EFFECT OF E-SPORTS COMMENTATOR’S CHARACTERISTICS ON VIEWER’S PERCEIVED ENJOYMENT AND RE-WATCHING INTENTION .......................................................................................... 66 THE LANDSCAPE OF THAILAND SPORT ECOSYSTEM: HOW DOES ENERGY FLOW IN THE SPORT ECOSYSTEM IN THAILAND? .......................................................................................................................... 68 GENDERISM AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF INTERSEX ATHLETES IN SPORT EVENTS ......................... 70 PREVALENCE OF INJURIES AMONG SCHOOLS NETBALL ATHLETES IN SRI LANKA ....................... 72

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 BLACK, RED OR BLUE? THE EFFECTS OF COLOUR ON SPONSOR RECALL IN SPORT EVENT ADVERTISEMENTS: AN EYE-TRACKING STUDY ...................................................................................... 73 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHINA REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF INTANGIBLE SPORTS ASSETS................................................................................................................................................................ 75 THE EFFECT OF CSR ACTIVITIES ON CORPORATE IMAGE IN KOREAN PROFESSIONAL VOLLEYBALL LEAGUE: THE MEDIATED EFFECT OF BRAND IMAGE.................................................. 78 Page | 4 CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL REVITALIZATION THROUGH STADIUM DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION ................................................................................................................................... 80 THE EFFECT OF CEO’S IMAGE ON SPECTATOR LOYALTY IN THAI PROFEESSIONAL FOOTBALL CLUB IN BANGKOK AND PERIMETER ......................................................................................................... 82 INTERNATIONAL ATHLETE PARTICIPATION TRENDS IN AMERICAN COLLEGIATE SPORTS........... 92 THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL LIVE STREAMING SPORTS BROADCASTING JOCKEY BRAND IMAGE ON VIEWING SATISFACTION AND RE-VIEW INTENTION............................................................................... 94 DEVELOPMENT OF VIDEO MEDIA FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS OF WAKEBOARD................................. 96 THE SPORT MANAGEMENT IN SÃO PAULO PAN-AMERICAN GAMES 1963: THE WATER POLO GOLD MEDAL AND ITS IMPACT ON PRINTED MEDIA.............................................................................. 97 EFFECT OF MODELS IN FITNESS MAGAZINES ON VISUAL ATTENTION AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ....................................................................................................................................................... 99 A COMPARISON OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN TERMINOLOGY AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT IN SPORTS PRODUCTS ........................................................................................................................................ 101 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON RAFFLE MARKETING: FOCUSING ON PURCHASE ORIENTATION, CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION, SATISFACTION, AND REPURCHASE INTENTION.......................... 103 THE FOOTBALL VIEWING BEHAVIOR ON NEW MEDIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THAILAND ....................................................................................................................................................... 105 THE ACADEMY OF OLYMPISM: THAILAND OLYMPIC ACADEMY ...................................................... 120 INITIATIVES FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT IN JAPAN TOWARD THE IOC'S 25 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................... 129 DEVELOPING A NEW OLYMPIC VALUE SCALE FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES TOKYO 2020 DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ............................................................................................................................ 131 REVIEW OF PARTICIPATION PATTERNS OF WOMEN IN OLYMPIC MOVEMENTS............................. 133 MENTAL HEALTH AMONG ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 CIRCUIT BREAKER IN SINGAPORE135 LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG ADULTS DURING COVID-19 IN SINGAPORE ................ 137 THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 RISK PERCEPTION ON PERCEIVED ANXIETY CONTROL AND PARTICIPATION MOTIVATION FOR SPORT PARTICIPANTS .................................................................... 139 RUNNERS’ EXPERIENCES IN ONLINE MARATHONS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ONLINE COMMENTS TO THE 2021 KYOTO MARATHON ....................................................................................... 141 CRITICAL FACTORS IN ORGANIZING INTERNATIONAL BADMINTON TOURNAMENTS AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC..................................................................................................................................... 143 HOW MEDAL BONUS MAY AFFECT THE ATHLETE’S PERFORMANCE ............................................... 155 DEVELOPMENT MODEL FROM THAI YOUTH FOOTBALL PLAYERS TO INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS ...................................................................................................... 157 PROMOTING YOUTH ATHLETES IN A NATIONAL BASKETBALL LEAGUE: A NEW PARADIGM .... 163 SPORTS MANAGEMENT AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: THE NEED TO ADAPT SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS TO THE NEW CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS ............................................................ 164

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 IMPACT OF MET-EXPECTATION OF SPORT AND RECREATION MANAGERS ON ATTITUDINAL AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES THROUGH QUALITY OF WORK LIFE......................................................... 166 DETERMINANTS OF SERVICE INNOVATIONS: A STUDY OF SRI LANKAN SPORTS FEDERATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 168 WOMEN EMPLOYEES’ JOB ENGAGEMENT IN THE SPORT INDUSTRY ............................................... 169 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR SPORTS TRAINING MANAGEMENT IN SPORT’S Page | 5 MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTEXT................................................................ 170 POSTER SESSION ............................................................................................................................................ 173 MODELING ANALYSIS OF MEDIA COVERAGE ON EXEMPTION FROM MILITARY DUTY FOR KOREAN MALE ATHLETES........................................................................................................................... 175 ARE THEY CITIZENS OR HEROS? MEDIA FRAMING ON SPECIALLY NATURALIZED ATHLETES . 177 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COACHING BEHAVIORS, ATHLETE SATISFACTION, AND TURNOVER INTENTION IN SOUTH KOREA .................................................................................................................... 179 THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS BRAND SNS(SOCIAL NETWORK SERVICE)’S CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS ON CONSUMPTION VISION AND PURCHASE INTENTION: FOCUSED ON INSTAGRAM..................................................................................................................................................... 181 ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOL USING CONTINGENT VALUE METHODPHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION SYSTEM (PAPS) IN SOUTH KOREA .............. 183 COMPARING THE VALUES OF MEDAL SUCCESS IN INTERNATIONAL SPORTS EVENTS AND EXEMPTION FROM ACTIVE MILITARY DUTY FOR KOREAN ATHLETES USING THE CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD.................................................................................................................................... 185 SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF HOSTING SPORT MEGA-EVENTS ON RESIDENTS' HOUSING ................................................................................................................................... 187 THE EFFECT OF PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL NON-CONTACT SPECTATING SERVICE ON USER COMMUNITAS, FLOW, AND COGNITIVE EXPERIENCE .......................................................................... 189 PERCEIVED MARKET VALUE OF GOVERNMENTAL INVESTMENT ON ELITE SPORT DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH KOREA............................................................................................................. 191 DEVELOPING KOREA NATIONAL SPORT SYSTEM THROUGH YOUTH SPORT PARTICIPATION .... 192 BARRIER-FREE’ SPORTS AUDIO DESCRIPTION SERVICE STRATEGY FOR PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN KOREA: APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED IPA........................................................ 194 WHAT DO KOREAN COLLEGIATE STUDENT-ATHLETES THINK ABOUT THE C0 RULE? ................ 196 DECISION MAKING IN SELECTING A CAREER IN SPORTS MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY ON SPORTS MANAGEMENT STUDENTS OF THAILAND NATIONAL SPORTS UNIVERSITY CHIANG MAI CAMPUS............................................................................................................................................................ 198 A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BRAND IMAGE AND BRAND EQUITY ON CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION: USING ATHLETES’ SELF-CREATED BRANDS AS AN EXAMPLE ......................................................................................................................................................... 199 THE WORK COMPETENCIES OF INSTRUCTORS IN THE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION . 200 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE OF THE 16TH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR SPORT MANAGEMENT ...... 207



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 OPENING REMARKS BY DR. CHONGRAK WATCHARINRAT ********************* Dear Kasetsart University’s Vice President, Dean of Page | 7 the Faculty of Sport Science, President of the Asian Association for Sport Management, Executive Committee members, President of the Sport Management Association of Thailand, speakers, delegates, scholars, students, and guests. It is my great pleasure to welcome you all to the opening ceremony of the 16th Asian Association for Sport Management Conference. Today’s conference has close to 100 participants participating from more than 20 universities and over ten countries across Asia, making it a truly multinational conference in spirit. I am proud to announce that this conference is hosted by Kasetsart University’s Faculty of Sports Science. Our university is always committed to pursuing sustainable development goals in delivering quality education in Thailand. Not only have we long been known for academic excellence in agricultural science, food, and forestry, but our track records also demonstrate our continual determination to address pressing global challenges, especially those including health crisis, food safety, environmental degradation, climate change, deforestation, and quality living. In the midst of a pandemic that is radically disrupting our life and transforming our society, we can rely on sport and exercise as a tool to sustain the sanity in our life, and, at the same time, to foster the health of the nation. And this conference clearly deliver this point. As the theme of this conference is “Revitalizing National and International Sport Ecosystem: Present and Future,” this forum relates to sport management at many levels, in more than one region, and in several related areas of experience. Among the issues discussed are public health, physical activity, sport marketing, sport governance and policy, sport events and tourism, Olympic movement, sport legacy, and sport management. Last but not the least, I would like to thank the Asian Association for Sport Management for working so hard to make this event happen despite the health crisis in many parts of the world. I also would like to thank all participants for joining us at this virtual, but meaningful meeting. I hope that this two-day conference will serve as your platform for exchanging ideas, sharing best practices, and promoting scientific inquiries in the field of sport management; thus you will benefit greatly from the activities. It surely foreshadows a brighter future for the sport industry in Asia.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 Let me conclude my speech by encouraging everyone to actively participate in all the sessions and discussions we made available through the digital platforms throughout the program and to be inspired henceforth. I wish everyone a productive, rewarding, and safe conference. Thank you. Page | 8

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. ANUCHAI PINYOPUMMIN ********************* Page | 9 Dear President of Kasetsart University, Dr. Chongrak Watcharinrat, Dean of Faculty of Sport Science, President of Asian Association for Sport Management, AASM, Executive Committee members, President of Sport Management Association of Thailand, speakers, scholars, ladies and gentlemen. It is an honor for Kasetsart University’s Kamphaengsaen campus to host the 16th Asian Association for Sport Management conference. I would like to welcome all of you to this online conference. To my regret, during this difficult time, you cannot come to see our beautiful campus. Our campus is one of the largest university campus in Thailand. With the vast area, the campus has scholars with expertise in agriculture, veterinarian medicine, education, sport and health. We support every faculty to host the international conference, and the AASM conference is a platform with a long history and Kasetsart University has been involved in the movement since the beginning. I am very delighted to learn that this academic gathering is hosted by the faculty of sports science located at the Kamphaengsaen campus. I hope that you find this a fruitful experience, and I can welcome you in person here one day. Thank you.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. SIRIPORN SASIMONTONKUL ********************* Page | 10 Dear President of Kasetsart University, Dr. Chongrak Watcharinrat, Vice President of Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen Campus, President of Asian Association for Sport Management, Executive Committee members, President of Sport Management Association of Thailand, Keynote speakers, scholars, ladies and gentlemen. It is our honor to host the 16th AASM Conference. This conference is a very important event for the Faculty of Sports Science in both academic and friendship because most of international committees, speakers and audiences are our friends. Though, this moment we could not meet altogether in a beautiful Kamphaeng Saen Campus of Kasetsart University. Anyway, I hope that we can exchange our ideas and strengthen our friendship during this conference while going through the tough pandemic situation. I’m please to welcome you all to our campus again and hope that everyone can visit our beautiful country after the pandemic situation get better. Finally, I’m grateful to speakers and all contributors of this conference with all my gratitude. I wish we could enjoy this meeting. Thank you all.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. SUPITR SAMAHITO ********************* Dear Colleagues, Page | 11 As one of the founders of Asian Association for Sport Management in 2002. I am delighted to witness the growth of the AASM Conference throughout the past two decades. We are under the global health crisis which prohibit us from meeting face to face as we used to be, but we can still share our goodwill and ambition in nurturing sport management academic in Asia by using online conference. I am grateful that AASM Conference will return to Thailand again, even we still face some challenges. I would like to encourage you to participate in AASM Conference 2021. Your participation will make a valuable contribution to the development of sport management academic in Asia. I look forward to welcome you via online in August 19-20.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 WELCOME SPEECH BY PROF. DR. ETSUKO OGASAWARA ********************* Dear All AASM family Page | 12 On behalf of Asian Association for Sport Management, I would like to welcome distinguish guests, speakers, and presenters to the 16th AASM Conference 2021. We were supposed to organize the conference in Thailand last year, however, it was postponed to this year along with Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic. We were trying to connect each other to enhance our friendship and academic stimulation by organizing AASM webinars during this period. On the other hand, we were very looking forward to seeing each other even if the conference will be online. Finally, I would like to appreciate Sport Management Association Thailand and Kasetsart University to make this happen in this difficult situation. President, Asian Association for Sport Management (AASM) Etsuko Ogasawara, Ph.D.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. SOMTHOP THITHATHAN ********************* Page | 13 Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to the Asian Association of Sport Management Conference 2021. I am very honored to be here. As a President of Sport Management Association of Thailand, this is my first opportunity to speak directly with the members of AASM, the colleagues and the participants. As we aware of, the pandemic of COVID 19 has been being the headline news of the entire world. Obviously, the consequences impact the world sport industry to downfall since it has been spread across the entire planet. Until now, no country will overcome this dreadful situation by the upcoming year. However, with the protocols of COVID 19: Social Distancing, everything has to move forward and sustain the living. Similarly, to the academic scholars must continue with their roles and responsibilities toward the students and the community by engaging with the online classes and seminars. Therefore, the Asian Association of Sport Management Conference 2021 is the moment of truth that how we the members of AASM never be surrendered amid the pandemic. I am ensuring the participants that the programs are included the interested topics and the outstanding speakers to share their perspective the sports after the pandemic. I am wishing you all to achieve your expectation. I am pleased to be a witness of this conference. Thank you.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. ISSADEE KUTINTARA ********************* not The world has been encountering the crisis that have Page | 14 ever happened in our generation. The global pandemic affects not only the human health and lives, but also the movement of people across the globe. The international and even also national sport event have to limit the participants. Cost in holding the event rise up and we cannot rely on traditional principles such as a break-even point or payback period in the situation that the end is still looming. The 16th AASM Conference has been postponed twice due to the uncertainty of the government measures in controlling the pandemic. However, we finally choose to hold the virtual conference to demonstrate that the human need to adapt to the situation, and do not surrender to uncontrollable threats. The participation from all delegates and scholars means a lot to us. Your confidence in the movement drives us to overcome all difficulties. As the chairman of the organizing committee, I would like to thank you for all stakeholders who make this conference happen. I would like to thank you Executives of AASM, SMAT, Kasetsart University for support. I also appreciate sponsors for financial supports. In addition, the event cannot happen without the dedication of the executives and staff of Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University. I would like to welcome all speakers, delegates and participants to conference, and for your trust and believe in human spirit.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. GONGSAK YODMANI Dr. Gongsak Yodmani is the current governor of Sports Authority of Thailand. Previously, he served in various leadership Page | 15 capacities in private and governmental organizations in Thailand. He has extensive professional experience in law and corporate management. He is an alumnus of Kasetsart University, having obtained a Ph.D. in sport management. He obtained a bachelor’s degree in law from Chulalongkorn University, and later did his graduate work in the UK. Dr. Gongsak also participated in the 2017 AASM conference in Yongpyong, Korea, and all the more, won the best poster presentation award at that event. At present, he is spearheading Thailand’s sport affairs under the Sports Authority of Thailand, where he used sport to create economic value for the country through various projects such as SAT Sports Expo (2019 – 2020) (in Buriram, Chiang Rai, and Phuket), Sports City (16 provinces, 29 activities), Thailand by UTMB 2020 Doi Inthanon Chiang Mai (Thailand’s first time to be one of the six competition sites of the Ultra Trail Mont Blanc - UTMB), MotoGP in Buriram (2018 – 2019) He has brought developments to the face of sport in the country in other venues, e.g., renovation of the Rajamangala National Stadium (football pitch and stadium building) for the AFC U23 Championship (2019 – 2020), renovation of SAT Sports Science Center to become ASEAN’s leading high performance sports science center (2020 – 2021), cooperation with 18 institutes, provincial sports science center development (38 provinces), Sports Science Mobile Clinic (SSMC). Under his leadership, the Sports Authority of Thailand makes sure we shall pull through the ongoing global public health crisis. He initiates COVID-19 Insurance (2020 – 2021) for provincial level athletes and sports personnel (approx. 10,000 people), established 7 Field Hospitals (680 beds) and a COVID-19 vaccination center from 7 June – 30 September 2021 (12,000 people) in the SAT compound, a COVID-19 test center from 12 July – 6 August 2021 (40,000 people) at the Rajamangala National Stadium. In addition, he plans to implement post-COVID restoration and rehabilitation for national sports associations and professional sports associations. To bear evidence to his dedication and governance, the Sports Authority of Thailand won the second place of the Integrity and Transparency Award for Governmental Agencies in 2019.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. CHRISTOPH BREUER Dr. Christoph Breuer is Full Professor for Sport Management at the German Sport University Cologne From 2006 to 2011 he was simultaneously Research Page | 16 Professor at German Institute of Economic Research (DIW Berlin). Moreover, he has been Vice President of German Sport University since 2014, currently responsible for development, resources and appointments. From 2012 to 2014 Dr. Breuer was member of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Finance and Administration Committee. Dr. Breuer has published more than 150 articles in peer-reviewed journals. According to Google Scholar his h-index is 47 (reference day: May 20th, 2021). His main research areas are football finance, nonprofit sport management and sponsorship.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. DAVID K. STOTLAR Professor Emeritus, Sport Management, School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado B.A. Eastern Illinois (’74), M.S. Slippery Rock (’76), Ed.D. Utah (’80) Page | 17 Dr. David K. Stotlar has a Doctor of Education degree from the University of Utah and served as the Director of the School of Sport & Exercise Science at the University of Northern Colorado 1992-1996 & 2007-2014; retiring in 2015. As a Full Professor he taught on the faculty in the areas of sport management and sport marketing. He has had more than 90 articles published in professional journals and has written more than 50 textbooks and book chapters in sport marketing and management. During his career Dr. Stotlar has given over 300 presentations and workshops at national and international professional conferences. On several occasions, he has served as a consultant in sport management to various sport professionals; and in the area of sport marketing and sponsorship, to multinational corporations and international sport managers. David was selected by the USOC as a delegate to the International Olympic Academy in Greece and the World University Games Forum in Italy and served as a venue media center supervisor for the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. He has conducted international seminars in sport management and marketing for the United States Olympic Committee and NGBs, Qatar Olympic Committee, Bahrain Olympic Committee, China Sport Industry Association, Hong Kong Olympic Committee, the National Sports Council of Malaysia, Mauritius National Sports Council, the National Sports Council of Zimbabwe, the Singapore Sports Council, the Chinese Taipei University Sport Federation, the Bahrain Sport Institute, the government of Saudi Arabia. Dr. Stotlar’s contribution to the profession includes being a founding member of the Sport Marketing Association and namesake for the SMA Stotlar Award for mentoring students in the discipline. In 2016 he received the Sutton Award from the Sport Marketing Association for work with the sport industry. He also received the Southern Sport Marketing Association’s lifetime achievement award in 2013. Dr. Stotlar was a member of the initial group of professionals inducted as both NASSM and SMA Research Fellows. Dr. Stotlar was elected President of the North American Society for Sport Management and served as a Board Member. He previously served as Chair of the Council on Facilities and Equipment of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance and as a Board Member.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. ETSUKO OGASAWARA Dr. Etsuko Ogasawara is the founder and Executive Director of the Japanese Association for Women in Sport (JWS). She holds a Ph.D. in Sport Management at the Ohio State University. Currently, she is a professor of sport Page | 18 management at Juntendo University in Japan. In addition, she is one of founders and an executive board member and chair of the committee of international affairs for Japanese Association for Sport Management (JASM). She is the president of Asian Association for Sport Management (2018-2021). She has published many research papers on job satisfaction in coaching, and women and sport issues. In addition, she has made numerous presentations on her research at conferences across Japan and internationally. Especially, she was one of the keynote speakers for 2013 FISU Conference in Kazan, Russia. Dr. Ogasawara had been a member of the International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) from 2000 to 2010, and was the Co-Chair for the period 2002-2006 in order to organize the successful 2006 World Conference on Women and Sport in Kumamoto, Japan. Now, she is the Asian representative member of the IWG Executive Board (2015-present). Before beginning her doctoral studies, she was an assistant professor at the National Institute of Fitness and Sport in Kanoya, Japan, and a head coach of the swim team. At the 1986 Seoul Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, she joined the Japanese national swimming team as a coaching staff. Dr. Ogasawara received the Contribution Award of AVON for Women in 2004 in Japan, and also the 2012 International Pathfinder Award from the National Association for Girls and Women in Sport in the USA. In addition, Dr. Ogasawara was awarded the 2018 Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC) Sport Award (Women and Sport Award). Dr. Ogasawara was appointed as the first executive director of the Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport (JCRWS) that was newly established at the Juntendo University on September 1st, 2014, and has served in this position until now.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 GUEST SPEAKER: DR. KEVIN FILO Kevin Filo is an Associate Professor in Sport Management. He is currently the Acting Deputy Head of Department in the Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel Management in the Griffith Business School at Griffith University in the Gold Coast, Page | 19 Australia. Kevin’s research examines the synergy between sport and philanthropy, with a particular focus on charity sport event participation. In addition, Kevin’s research investigates the antecedents and outcomes of a meaningful sport event experience through the lens of positive psychology. Prior to his academic career, Kevin served as the Merchandising Coordinator for the Lance Armstrong Foundation (LAF), a nonprofit organisation with the mission to inspire and empower individuals living with cancer. During Kevin’s tenure as Merchandising Coordinator, the LAF launched the LIVESTRONG wristband campaign in partnership with Nike. To date, over 80 million LIVESTRONG wristbands have been sold and the initiative is regarded as the most successful cause-related marketing campaign of all time. Kevin has published his work in journals such as: Journal of Sport Management, Sport Management Review, Event Management, and European Sport Management Quarterly (among others). Kevin has collaborated with industry partners including: the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Relay for Life, MS Queensland, Run Melbourne, and the Gold Coast Suns. Kevin obtained his bachelor’s degree in Sociology and Social Welfare from the University of Wisconsin, and his master’s degree in Sport Management from the University of Texas. Prior to his position at Griffith University, he served as an Assistant Professor in Sport Marketing at the University of Massachusetts.



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 LIST OF PEER REVIEWERS No. Reviewer's Name Institutional Affiliation Country Page | 21 1 Govindasamy Balasekaran Nanyang Technological University Singapore 2 Leng Ho Keat Nanyang Technological University Singapore 3 Peggy Boey Nanyang Technological University Singapore 4 Ng Yew Cheo Nanyang Technological University Singapore 5 Rizaldy C. Hofilena Far Eastern University, Philippines Philippines 6 Geraldine Bernardo Sport Management Council of the Philippines Philippines 7 Choi, Yun Seok Korea National University of Transportation Korea 8 Kwon, Harry Hyungil Chung-Ang University Korea 9 Kim, May Korea University Korea 10 Nam, Sang Back Hanyang University Korea 11 Rei Yamashita Waseda University Japan 12 Tomo Tokuyama Osaka University of Health And Sport Sciences Japan 13 Daichi Oshimi Tokai University Japan 14 Yosuke Tsuji Rikkyo University Japan 15 Prasertchai Suksa-Ard Mahidol University Thailand 16 Nopporn Tasnaina Bangkokthonburi University Thailand 17 Suntipong Plungsuwan Burapha University Thailand 18 Wanchalee Noriya Mahidol University Thailand 19 Somthop Thitathan Mahidol University Thailand 20 Issadee Kutintara Kasetsart University Thailand 21 Arnon Wanla Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University Thailand 22 Oam To-Aj Mahidol University Thailand 23 Satjawat Jarueksil Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok Thailand 24 Dittachai Chankuna Thailand National Sport University Chonburi Campus Thailand 25 Jane Nguyen Bangkokthonburi University Thailand 26 Issadee Kutintara Kasetsart University Thailand 27 Sid Terason Kasetsart University Thailand 28 Sarayut Noikasem Kasetsart University Thailand 29 Phennipha Phimphaphorn Kasetsart University Thailand 30 Pornchai Trusjaithum Kasetsart University Thailand 31 An Uesugi Kasetsart University Thailand



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 CONFERENCE PROGRAM Theme: Revitalizing National and International Sport Ecosystem: Present and Future 19 – 20 August 2021 Updated on 10 August, 2021 Page | 23 Hosted by Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand (Online Conference) Time Wednesday 18 August, 2021 (Bangkok) GMT+7 9:00 – 12:00 AASM EC Meeting 2/2021 14:00 – 16:00 AASM General Assembly Time Conference Day1 Thursday 19 August, 2021 8.30 – 9.30 Registration on-line for all participants 9.30 – 10:00 Opening Ceremony 9:30 – 9:35 Report from the chairman of the organizing committee: Dr. Issadee Kutintara 9:35 - 9:40 9:40-9:45 • Welcome Speech and Opening Remarks by KU President, Dr. 9:45-9:50 Chongrak Watchrinrat 9:50-9:55 9:55-10:00 • Welcome Speech by KUKPS Vice President, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anuchai Pinyopummin • Welcome Speech by Dean of Faculty of Sports Science, KUKPS Asst. Prof. Dr. Siriporn Sasimontonkul • Welcome Speech by President of Asian Association for Sport Management, Prof. Dr. Etsuko Ogasawara • Welcome Speech by President of Sport Management Association of Thailand, Asst. Prof. Dr. Somthop Thithathan MC: Dr. An Uesugi, Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham 10.00 – 10.20 Special Speech “Government measures in supporting sport ecosystem during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of Sport Authority of Thailand” By Governor, the Sports Authority of Thailand: Dr. Gongsak Yodmani MC: Dr. An Uesugi, Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham 10.20 – 10.30 Break 10.30 – 12.10 Oral Presentations 1 (4 rooms of 4 oral presentations, 16 in total) 10:30 – 10:55 Room A Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason, Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Phunsawat 10:55 – 11:20 Room B Chairperson: Dr. Nguyen Tra Giang, Secretary: Mr. Darongpan 11:20 – 11:45 Apiromwilaichai 11:45 – 12:10 Room C Chairperson: Dr. Rei Yamashita, Secretary: Mr. Suriya Rajakhun 12.10 – 13.00 Lunch Break 13.00 – 15.10 Oral Presentations 2 (4 rooms of 5 oral presentations, 20 in total) 13:00 – 13:25 Room A Chairperson: Dr. Nguyen Tra Giang Secretary: Dr. Issadee 13:25 – 13:50 Kutintara 13:50 – 14:15 Room B Chairperson: Dr. Chai Nimakorn, Secretary: Dr. Sarayut Noikasem 14:15 – 14:40 Room C Chairperson: Dr. Nipat Ungpakornkaew, Secretary: Dr. Pornchai 14:40 – 15:05 Trusjaitham Room D Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason, Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Phunsawat 15.05 – 15.45 Poster Presentation MC: Dr. An Uesugi, Secretary: Ms. Suttinee Sriburi

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 15.45 – 16.30 Keynote Session 1 “How sport organizations cope with COVID-19 pandemic situation: Sport Economics perspective” Dr. Christoph Breuer German Sport University Cologne Moderator: Dr. Chai Nimakorn Page | 24 MC: Dr. An Uesugi Time Conference Day2 Friday 20 August, 2021 8.00 – 9.00 Registration on-line for all participants 9.00 – 9.45 Keynote Session 2 “How sport marketers adapt strategies in reaching target audiences during COVID-19 pandemic situation”. Dr. David Stotlar: Professor Emeritus: University of Northern Colorado Moderator: Dr. Issadee Kutintara MC: Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham 9.45 – 10.00 Break 10.00 – 12:00 Oral Presentations 3 (4 rooms of 5 oral presentations, 20 in total) 10:00 – 10:25 Room A Chairperson: Dr. Issadee Kutintara, Secretary: Ms. Suttinee Sriburi 10:25 – 10:50 Room B Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason, Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Phunsawat 10:50 – 11:15 Room C Chairperson: Dr. Nipat Ungpakornkaew, Secretary: Mr. Pisit Nuttee 11:15 – 11:40 Room D Chairperson: Dr. Sarayut Noikasem, Secretary: Mr. Darongpan 11:40 – 12:05 Apiromwilaichai 12.05 – 13.00 Lunch Break & AASM Joint EC Meeting 13.00 – 13.45 Keynote Lecture 3 The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on sport charitable event and how sport managers utilizing tools in reviving their events. -Dr. Kevin Filo Griffith University, Australia Moderator: Dr. Sid Terason MC: Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham 13.45 – 14.30 Keynote Lecture 4 The path to glory: the long term athlete development model of Taekwondo Association of Thailand. Mr.Thanadit Raktabutr, Secretary General of Taekwondo Association of Thailand Dr. Choi Yong Seok, Head Coach, Taekwondo Association of Thailand Ms. Chanatip Sonkham, Assistant Coach, Taekwondo Association of Thailand Moderator: Dr. Pongsak Swatdikiat and Dr. Sarayut Noikasem MC: Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham 14.30 – 14.45 Break 14.45 – 15.30 Keynote Session 5 Major sporting event under global crisis: Lessons learned from Tokyo 2020 - Dr. Etsuko Ogasawara President of Asian Association for Sport Management 2018-2021 Moderator: Dr. Issadee Kutintara MC: Dr. An Uesugi 15:30 - 16.00 Closing Ceremony

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 15:30-15:40 AASM Conference 2022 Promotion 15:40 – 15:50 Award Presentation 15:50 – 16:00 Closing Remarks: Asst.Prof.Dr. Siriporn Sasimontonkul, Dean, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University MC: Dr. An Uesugi and Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham Page | 25

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 PRESENTER GUIDELINES 16th AASM Conference 2021 PRESENTATION FORMATS Page | 26 The information provided below is for all authors whose abstracts have been previously reviewed and accepted. Type of Session Format Session Duration PowerPoint/PDF poster Submission Deadline Oral Session Live stream-- 15 minutes for prersentation 5 minutes Q & A August 16, 2021 Poster Sessions Live stream - 40 minutes discussion August 16, 2021 Oral Session • Oral presentations will be live-streamed via Webex. • We have a technical team to provide support before and during the event. • Presentations are 15 minutes maximum. • There will be live Q&A with audience after the presentation. • On the day of your presentation, your session will be opened by our technical team. • You should come to your room 15 minutes before the session begins. The secretary will check if all presenters of the session are in the room. • The chairman will open the session, you will share your PowerPoint yourself, and then give your presentation. Our technical team will help you if any problem arises. • Please send your PowerPoint slides and your photo (with your face) to [email protected] by August 16, 2021. We will use the photo for AASM award ceremony. Poster Sessions • Poster sessions will be live-streamed via Webex. • We have a technical team to provide support before and during the event. • There will be 40 minutes of discussion time with participants. • There will be no slot for formal presentation. • Poster will be pre-uploaded in advance on the AASM conference website. • You will share your PDF poster yourself on your Webex discussion room. Our technical team will help you if any problem arises. • The format should be PDF (one slide only) in ‘landscape’ (horizontal) orientation, 16:9 • Maximum file size for poster is 2 MB • Minimum suggested font-size: 24 (20 for references) • Make sure your text and background have a large contrast Please send your PDF poster and your photo (with your face) to [email protected] by August 16, 2021. We will use the photo for AASM award ceremony.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 TIMETABLE OF ORAL SESSIONS 19th August 2021 10:30-12:10 Room OB Broader, New and Critical Aspects of Room OC Sport Consumer Behavior Room OA Public Health and Physical Activity Sport Management Management Chairperson: Dr. Nguyen Tra Giang Chairperson: Dr. Rei Yamashita Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Phunsawat Secretary:Mr.Darongpan Apiromwilaichai Secretary: Mr. Suriya Rajakhun Page | 27 10:3010:55 OA 1-1 OB 1-1 The landscape of Thailand sport OC 1-1 Effect of Models in Fitness Magazines on 10:5511:20 OA 1-2 ecosystem: How does energy flow in the Visual Attention and Consumer Behaviour 11:2011:45 OA 1-3 Community-based Exercising for Good Health and A Bright Mind sport ecosystem in Thailand? Dominic Ang, Leng Ho Keat Khewika Sukiam, Jeeranan Sangsrijan Penprapa Teeranuwat 11:4512:10 OA 1-4 Concurrent Validity of OMNI Rate of Perceived Exertion Color Face Scale OB 1-2 Genderism and the Acceptance of Intersex OC 1-2 A comparison of Country of Origin among Young Adults in Singapore Peggy Boey, Govindasamy Balasekaran, Athletes in Sport Events Terminology and Country of Origin effect Yew Cheo Ng Chikako Tanimoto, Koji Miwa in Sports Products Phua Yi Xian Philip, Leng Ho Keat OB 1-3 OC 1-3 A Comparative analysis on raffle marketing: Focusing on purchase orientation, conspicuous consumption, satisfaction, and repurchase intention In-Yup Lee, Jin-Wook Han, Dong-Kyu Kim, Chulhwan Choi OB 1-4 Prevalence Of Injuries Among Schools OC 1-4 The Football Viewing Behavior On New Netball Athletes In Sri Lanka Media During The COVID-19 Pandemic Shalika U. Kumari, Pathum P. In Thailand Weerakkody Pisit Nuttee, Suttinee Sriburi, Sid Terason 13:00-15:05 Room Sport Events and Tourism Room Sport Marketing and Room Olympic Movement and Legacy Room Strategy, Leadership and OA Chairperson: Dr. Nguyen Tra OB Sponsorship OC Management OD Stakeholder Management in Giang Chairperson: Dr. Chai Nimakorn Chairperson: Dr. Nipat Sport Secretary: Dr. Issadee Kutintara Secretary: Dr. Sarayut Noikasem Ungpakornkaew Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason Secretary: Dr. Pornchai Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Trusjaitham Phunsawat 13:0013:25 OA 2-1Sport Tourist’s Experience-based OB 2-1Black, Red or Blue? The Effects of OC 2-1The Academy of Olympism : OD 2- Critical Factors In Organizing 1 International Badminton Nostalgia and Revisit Colour on Sponsor Recall in Sport Thailand Olympic Academy Intention to the Stadium Event Advertisements: An Eye- Suriyan Somphongand, Komkrit Tournaments Amid The COVID-19 Kosuke Takata, Kirstin Hallmann tracking Study Rattamanee Pandemic Brendon Yi Wei TOH, Leng Ho Suttinee Sriburi, Pisit Nuttee, Sid Keat Terason 13:2513:50 OA 2-2Exploring the effects on parents’ OB 2-2Recent Developments in China OC 2-2Initiatives for Gender Equality in OD 2- How medal bonus may affect the outdoor leisure participation with regarding the Protection of the Olympic Movement in Japan 2 athlete’s performance children: A comparison of Intangible Sports Assets toward the IOC's 25 Suriya Rajakhun Japanese and Thai parents. Guo Cai Recommendations An Uesugi, Rei Yamashita Mika Takezawa, Etsuko Ogasawara 13:5014:15 OA 2-3The social impacts of the 2019 OB 2-3The Effect of CSR Activities on OC 2-3Development a New Olympic OD 2- Development Model from Thai Rugby World Cup: Focusing on a Corporate Image in Korean Value Scale in the Olympic Games 3 Youth Football Players to community hosting the official Professional Volleyball League: the Tokyo 2020 under the COVID-19 International Professional Football team camps Mediated Effect of Brand Image pandemic Players (JAPAN) Puree Yukako Wada, Naoki Toyota, Kyu Hyun Choi, Tae Hoon Lee, Risato Ando Wattanasupt Hirotaka Matsuoka Hong Wei Yang, Choong Hoon Lim 14:1514:40 OA 2-4Tourism for Wellness OB 2-4Challenges of Regional OC 2-4Review Of Participation Patterns OD 2- Promoting Youth Athletes in a Suvimol Tangsujjapoj 4 National Basketball Revitalization through Stadium Of Women In Olympic League: A New Paradigm Darongpan Apiromvilaichai Development and Movements Commercialization Pathum P. Weerakkody Yamato Okabe, Etsuko Ogasawara 14:4015:05 OA 2-5Fan Engagement in Sports Events OB 2-5The Effect of CEO’s Image on OC 2-5 OD 2- Sports Management and 5 Transformational Leadership: under Defensive Measure of Spectator Loyalty in Thai The Need to Adapt Sports Organizations to the New COVID-19 Pandemic Professional Football Club in Contemporary Contexts André Dionisio Sesinando, Mário Chananan Samahito Bangkok and Perimeter Kanoknan Coelho Teixeira (VIDEO) Suchao-in

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 20th August 2021 10:00-11:40 Room E-Sport and Technology Sport Media, Public Relations and Room Public Health and Physical Room Human Resource Management in OA Management Room Communication OC Activity Management OD Sport Organizations Chairperson: Dr. Issadee Kutintara OB Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason Chairperson: Dr. Nipat Chairperson: Dr. Sarayut Secretary: Ms. Suttinee Sriburi Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Ungpakornkaew Noikasem Phunsawat Secretary: Mr. Pisit Nuttee Secretary: Mr. Darongpan 10:0010:25 OA 3-1Knowledge Mapping of eSport OB 3-1International Athlete Participation OC 3-1Mental Health among Adults Page | 28Apiromwilaichai Research: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis Trends In American during the COVID-19 Circuit OD 3- Impact of Met-expectation of Weisheng Chiu, Thomas C. M. 1 Sport and Recreation Managers on Fan, Heetae Cho Collegiate Sports Breaker in Singapore Attitudinal and Behavioral Outcomes through Quality of Robert L. Herron, Sandra K. Ng Yew Cheo, Govindasamy Work Life Seungmo Kim, Sanghyun Park, Geringer, Brandon D. Spradley, Balasekaran, Say Jun De Edward Adam Love Fred J. Cromartie, Roch A. King 10:2510:50 OA 3-2The effectiveness of Esport OB 3-2The Impact of Social Live OC 3-2Levels of Physical Activity among OD 3- promoting in China Wanchalee Noriya, Oam To-aj, Streaming Sports Broadcasting Adults during COVID19 in 2 Sakkarin Muendech, Satjawat Jarueksil Jockey Brand Image on Viewing Singapore Satisfaction and Re-view Intention Govindasamy Balasekaran Hong Wei Yang, Sang Yong An, Ju Yeon Lee, Choong Hoon Lim 10:5011:15 OA 3-3Management for eSport OB 3-3Development of Video Media for OC 3-3The Effect of COVID-19 Risk OD 3- Women Employees’ Job Organization : Consideration as Public Relations of Wakeboard Perception on Perceived 3 Engagement in The Sport Industry Olympic sport Tuangporn Cheunchitpisaikul, Anxiety Control and Participation Alicia Romano, Logan Schuetz, Yu Hanada, Etsuko Ogasawara Saralee Sonchan, Wirat Sonchan, Motivation for Sport Participants Tyler Hajek Watcharin Padungratchadakit, Dong Il Lee, Sang Back Nam (VIDEO) Rongkapoom Puranawit, Pichaya Noppakal 11:1511:40 OA 3-4The Effect of E-sports OB 3-4The sport management in São OC 3-4Runners’ Experiences in Online OD 3- Knowledge management for sports Commentator’s Characteristics on Paulo Pan-American Games 1963: Marathons: A Content 4 training management in sport’s Viewer’s Perceived Enjoyment the Water Polo gold medal and its Analysis of Online Comments to multidisciplinary and and Re-Watching Intention impact on printed media the 2021 Kyoto Marathon interdisciplinary context Luiz Keonhee Lee, Sangback Nam Silvio Telles, Luiz Carlos Nery, Chin-Kuang Chen Carlos Nery, Sílvio Telles, Mário Coelho Teixeira Coelho Teixeira (VIDEO) (VIDEO)

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 TIMETABLE OF POSTER SESSIONS Room Title/Authors Room Title/Authors No. No. P9 P1 Topic Modeling Analysis of Media Coverage on Perceived Market Value of Governmental P10 Exemption from Military Duty for Korean Male Athletes Investment on Elite Sport Development in South Page | 29 P11 Juhae Baeck, Hyungchul Joo, Hyungil Harry Korea Kwon, Hyojun Nam Jae-Eun Shin, Harry Hyungil Kwon P2 Are They Citizens or Heros?: Media Framing on Developing Korea National Sport System Through Youth Sport Participation Specially Naturalized Athletes Eun-Suk Park, Seong-Hee Park, Nam-su Kim Nam-Su Kim, Ye Hoon Lee, Seong-Hee Park P3 Relationship between coaching behaviors, athlete ‘Barrier-Free’ Sports Audio Description Service Strategy for People with Visual Impairments in satisfaction, and turnover intention in South Korea Korea: Application of the modified IPA Seong-Hee Park, Nam-su Kim, Ye Hoon Lee Eunhye Kim, Jooyeon Jin, Hyungil Kwon, Jian Kim P4 The Influence of Sports Brand SNS(Social Network Service)’s P12 What do Korean collegiate student-athletes Content Characteristics on Consumption Vision and Purchase P13 Intention: focused on Instagram think about the C0 rule? Younglin Lee, Junseok Byeon, Hongning Mao, Taehee Kim, Kyungro Chang Hyungil Kwon, Mihwa Choi P5 Estimating the Economic Value of Physical Decision Making in Selecting a Career in Sports Activities in School using Contingent Value Method: Physical Management: A Case Study on Sports Activity Promotion System (PAPS) in South Korea Management Students of Thailand National Aeryung Hong, Jian Kim, Chanmin Park Sports University Chiang Mai Campus P6 Comparing the Values of Medal Success in International Sports P14 Pacharakamon Arkornsakul, Pacharaporn Events and Exemption from Active Military Duty for Korean Arkornsakul Athletes Using the Contingent Valuation Method A study on the correlation between brand Hyungchul Joo, Juhae Baeck, Hyungil Harry Kwo, Taeyeon Koo image and brand equity on consumers’ purchase intention: Using athletes’ self-created P7 Systematic Literature Review of the Impact of P15 brands as an example Hosting Sport Mega-events on Residents' Housing Wan-Chen,Liu Zixuan Xiao, Claudio Rocha The Work Competencies of Instructors in the Institute of Physical Education Chaturong Hemara, Umaporn Kong u-rai Gosol Rodma, Preeyanat Buathongchan P8 The Effect of Professional Baseball Non-Contact Spectating Service on User Communitas, Flow, and Cognitive Experience Danbi Heo, Chen Tian, Yumi Jo, Taehee Kim, Kyungro Chang



ORAL SESSION



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 COMMUNITY-BASED EXERCISING FOR GOOD HEALTH AND A BRIGHT MIND Khewika Sukiam1 and Jeeranan Sangsrijan2 Page | 33 1Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand [email protected] 2Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand [email protected] Abstract Huai Muang Community in Nakhon Pathom Province is neither big nor little. There were a lot of people involved in drugs. A survey by Narcotics Control Management Center, Ministry of Public Health, from October 1, 2019, to May 31, 2020, revealed a high rate of drug addiction. For this reason, people in the community started paying attention to their children and hoped that their children would not become drug addicts. We worked with Huai Muang subdistrict administrative government in implementing the project “Community Exercising for Good Health and A Bright Mind.” This project aimed to enhance the physical and mental health of residents in Huai Muang community and to promote physical activity among its residents so that they would become healthy and happy. The volunteers in this project were youths and older people. It was found the residents had good physical and mental health, and did not get tired easily. They found exercise helped them stay away from drugs. It was recommended community residents should exercise regularly and probably should form a club or group to achieve sustainability in exercise. Keywords: good health, exercise, bright mind, drugs Introduction Drugs are part of today's social problems. These causing made the government to lose the cost of treating this group of people. Because when they are addicted to drugs, they will not do anything, but will use the method of stealing and starting with theft in the house to even theft outside home. (TO BE NUMBER ONE, 2018). The problem that burdens society economic downturn. Let everyone begin to realize the many problems that follow. Huai Muang community that has been affected by the use of drugs by people in the area. According from above make community leaders and people in the community interested in the problem of drugs. And has cooperated with Ministry of Higher Education, Sciences, Research and Innovation to do project the 1 Village 1 University. Under this project the researcher was set ‘Community-based Exercising for Good Health and A Bright Mind’. This project had three months start from April, 2020 till June, 2020. The objective of the study is to investigate how to enhance the physical and mental health of residents in Huai Muang community and how to promote physical activity among its residents so that they would stay healthy and live a drugs-free life. Literature review Huai Muang Community in Nakhon Pathom Province is neither big nor little. There were a lot of people involved in drugs. A survey by Narcotics Control Management Center, Ministry of Public Health, from October 1, 2019, to May 31, 2020, revealed a high rate of drug addiction. For this reason, people in the community started paying attention to their children and hoped that their children would not become drug addicts. We worked with Huai

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 Muang subdistrict administrative government in implementing the project “Community Exercising for Good Health and A Bright Mind. Haskell, W., Montoye, H., & Orenstein, D. (1985). Physical Activity and Exercise to Achieve Health-Related Physical Fitness Components. Public Health Reports (1974-), 100(2), 202- 212. Retrieved August 10, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20056437 The following excerpt was taken from Haskell, Montoye and Orenstein (1985). That Page | 34 physically active people of all ages generally tend to be healthier than their sedentary counterparts has become a basic tenet of most health promotion programs.The health benefits ascribed to physical activity are varied and include enhancement of both biologic and psychologic functions (Siscovick, LaPorte, & Newman, 1985; Taylor, Sallis, & Needle, 1985). Whereas definitive evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between an increase in habitual physical activity or exercise and many specific health benefits is still lacking, there is sufficient evidence of a positive relationship to warrant advising a physically active lifestyle in conjunction with other positive health behaviors. At the same time, we need to continue to advocate research into the characteristics of physical activity or exercise required to improve health and strategies to promote adoption and maintenance of physical activity. Of critical importance to the design of an effective and safe physical activity program is a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the physical activity stimulus needed to develop and maintain the desired benefits. What type, intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise are needed to produce the targeted effect? Is there an absolute threshold of intensity, amount, or duration that has to be achieved, or does any increase produce some benefit? Is the exercise stimulus required to maintain fitness similar to that required to improve fitness? Can the physical activity be separated into small multiple bouts each day, or does it need to be performed in a more extended exercise session of 20 minutes or more? Is the dose- response relationship different for each health benefit? Are the exercise characteristics needed to improve health similar for males and females and for all groups of people? Since many people would prefer not to have to exercise vigorously to maintain good health, what is the minimum amount of exercise needed to improve health status? For most health benefits frequently fitness and health may occur simultaneously during physical activity, the exercise-induced stimulus needed for each might be quite different. Sources of information. Information relating physical activity to health status comes from a variety of different types of research or practical experience. A majority of the studies that contain data concerning the effect of physical exercise on disease prevention are characterized by their observational nature: the clinical health status of physically active people is compared to less active people (cross-sectional), or the development of disease is analyzed according to baseline physical activity status (longitudinal). Very few controlled, experimental trials have been completed that have adequately investigated the impact of an increase in physical activity on the primary or secondary prevention of a specific disease. Available data on the relationship of physical activity to the primary prevention of such disorders as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, orthopedic complications, or psychologic dysfunction are from observational and not experimental studies. Most studies have related lower risks for these disorders to activity status and not to level of fitness. Such data limit our ability to assess cause-and-effect relationships between physical activity and disease prevention and, in many cases, have not provided much precise information on the characteristics of the physical activity associated with reduced occurrence of disese. Much more evidence exists that exercise causes an improvement in the clinical status of patients or aids in secondary prevention (May et al., 1982).

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 Much of the data used to support the physical activity and health improvement hypothesis have been derived from studies that have investigated the effects of exercise on specific biologic changes known or thought to be linked either directly or indirectly to health status. These changes include measures of physical fitness (aerobic capacity, skeletal muscle strength, flexibility, and so forth) or biologic changes not necessarily linked to improved functional capacity (altered lipoprotein profiles, increased insulin sensitivity, delayed loss of Page | 35 bone calcium). While one cannot assume that a positive change in one of these biologic functions is the same as improving health status, these studies have contributed substantially to our belief that exercise improves health and to our knowledge regarding the characteristics of the exercise required to produce specific effects. The stimuli needed. What has to occur as a result of physical activity so that the desired changes in health are produced? If physical activity is beneficial, there is some unknown response in the person triggered by the activity that subsequently causes the health benefit. We call this unknown the stimulus. Is the effect acute (during or immediately after a single bout of exercise) or is it chronic (a delayed response only resulting after repeated bouts of exercise have been performed)? Is the stimulus for any specific health effect effect mechanical, chemical, situational, social, or some combination of these? While we know a great deal about how to describe many of the various exercise training effects, we know very little about their controlling mechanisms or the stimuli required to produce or maintain them. The chronic effects of exercise (the training response) are adaptive responses by the body to the stress placed on various tissues and biologic functions by the increased metabolic, or physical, or mechanical demands (or both) of the exercise. If the appropriate type of exercise is performed at the proper intensity, duration, and frequency, sedentary persons of all ages will achieve significant improvements in physical fitness and associated health benefits. Thus, for exercise to produce a training response, it must provide a stress or demand on the appropriate function or tissue; and for improvement to continue, this demand must slowly increase over days, weeks, or months. This process follows th ree basic principles of exercise training: overload, specificity, and progression (Wilmore, 1982). For some health benefits, such as improved tat and carbohydrate metabolism or increased insulin sensitivity, the necessary exercise stimulus appears to be similar to that required for the improvement in aerobic capacity: a sustained increase in the rate of energy expenditure by large skeletal muscles (Kemmer & Berger, 1983; Haskell, 1984). The increased energy production during and following exercise increases the rate of functioning of other biologic systems needed to support the raised metabolic rate of the muscles and, if repeatedly stimulated, will increase their capacity or efficiency. It is the adaptive response of these other systems, including the central nervous system, that appears to provide many of the physical health benefits of exercise. However, it is not yet clear whether it is solely the repeated acute effects of the physical activity or a chronic training effect that produces some of the health-related benefits ascribed to aerobic training. Stimuli may be related to the physical or mechanical stress placed on the muscles, connective tissue, or skeleton. For instance, the maintenance of muscle tone and good posture in children (Bailey, 1976) and the retention of bone calcium through exercise following menopause (Smith, Reddan, & Smith, 1981), most likely are the result of mechanical stress placed on muscles and bones by weight-bearing or resistive physical activity. We know very little about the required stimuli for the various psychological benefits ascribed to physical activity. Are the effects due to biologic changes resulting from the physical activity itself? Are they behavioral due to the interaction between the exerciser and the exercising situation, or to some combination of both biologic and behavioral factors? Do

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 some of the beneficial psychological effects require strictly a biologic stimulus such as an alteration in sympathetic nervous system activity, whereas others are dependent on a behavioral stimulus such as physical separation from the stress-producing situation or the interaction with an exercise leader? From what little is known about these issues, it appears that multiple stimuli probably exist. As Bahre and Morgan (Bahre & Morgan, 1978) have pointed out, exercise may be a useful stress-coping mechanism for some people simply Page | 36 because it is \"time out.\" Leisure-time activity can be an effective way of physically and mentally separating oneself from stress-producing situations at home or work. The physical separation plus pleasant surroundings, an enthusiastic exercise leader, and sympathetic coexercisers may be all that is required to decrease anxiety, hostility, or depression; the actual exercise and its biologic effects may be secondary. Added to these possibilities are the diversionary effects of competition with oneself to do better, or with others to do well or win, and the stimulus of excitement or risk of some activities. Supplementing the situational or behavioral stimuli for enhanced psychological status may be biologic changes such as altered central nervous or hormonal regulation (Ransford, 1982), improved exercise capacity, and changes in appearance. If individuals can work harder and longer at a task before they become fatigued or if they perceive that their appearance has improved, their self-image or general feeling of well-being may be improved. Physical activity requirements. The increase in estimated or measured aerobic capacity (VO2Max) has been commonly used to evaluate the healthpromoting effectiveness of physical activity or exercise training regimens. If maximal oxygen consumption (VO2Max) or another measure of endurance capacity does not significantly increase, there has been a strong tendency to consider the exercise or activity regimen as not having beneficial health effects (Cooper, 1968). While enhanced aerobic capacity is closely tied to various beneficial hemodynamic and metabolic changes produced by exercise, many biologic and psychologic benefits can occur as a result of exercise or activity regimens that do not increase VO2Max or endurance capacity. For example, strength training may improve psychological status (reduce stress, improve self-image, and so forth) or help retain bone mineral content; low-intensity dynamic activity (less than 60 percent VO2Max) can reduce stress, contribute to weight loss, or improve selected biochemical reactions; and flexibility exercises may contribute to better musculoskeletal integrity with increasing age. Thus, it is very important to consider the specific objectives of the individual and his or her exercise capacity (recent exercise habits, age, clinical status), interests, skills, and opportunities when deciding on an exercise regimen. Method This is a descriptive study that use a survey to investigate the present health condition of a community and propose guidelines to handle the drugs problem. We used convenience sampling and administered a questionnaire to a sample of local residents for this study. Results It was found the residents had good physical and mental health, and did not suffer from work-related exhaustion. They believed that exercise helped them stay healthy and they should keep off from drugs. To improve health and fitness effectively through physical activity or exercise, we need to understand how this comes about. For many of these changes, the stimulus has been grossly defined in terms of type, intensity, duration, andfrequency ofexercise, but for others a

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 dose-response relationship has not been determined. Physical activity that appears to provide the most diverse health benefits consists of dynamic, rhythmical contractions of large muscles that transport the body over distance or against gravity at a moderate intensity relative to capacity for extended periods oftime during which 200 to 400 kilocalories (or 4 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight) are expended. For optimal health benefits, such activity should be performed daily or at least every other day and should be supplemented Page | 37 with some heavy resistance and flexibility exercises. The greatest benefits are achieved when the least active individuals become moderately active; much less benefit is apparent when the already active individual becomes extremely active. Overexertion or inappropriate exercise can produce significant health risks. Research is needed to characterize better the health- promoting features of physical activity and exercise. Discussion It was recommended community residents should keep their exercise regimen, and probably should form a local club or support group to help them observe the sustainable health guidelines. While the medical care encounter is considered an ideal situation in which patients are encouraged to increase their physical activity levels, very little research has been conducted in this setting. In fact, with the exception of the physical activity components of cardiac rehabilitation programs, few formal physical activity programs are available in medical care settings. Although the workplace is currently the focus of the greatest interest by those persons who implement physical activity programs, there is little precision in defining what constitutes a worksite physical activity program. A number of researchers and authors, using program experience rather than empiricalfindings, have described what they believe to be the important components of successful worksites health promotion and physical education programs. The greatest variety ofphysical activity programs are found in community settings. They are offered by a number of nonprofit private organizations, nonprofit public agencies, and for-profit organizations. While relatively little research has been done concerning changes in the community environment, it is clear that such changes can effect community participation. Community campaigns to increase physical activity have been studied, and it appears that they clearly affect residents' interest and awareness in physical activity, but they do not have a major effect on behavioral changes in the short term. It appears that a major opportunity to influence favorable physical activity in the United States is being missed in schools. References Ministry of Public Health. (2020). Statistic of Narcotics Control. Retrieved July 12, 2020 from https://www.oncb.go.th/EN_ONCB/Documents/Thailand%20Narcotics%20 Control%20Annual%20Report%202019.pdf Huai Muang Community. (2020). Community lifestyle of shrimp farmers. Retrieved July 1, 2020 from https://www.face book.com. Huai Muang Community -148494352611375/ TO BE NUMBER ONE. (2018). The project who is addicted to drugs raise your hand. Retrieved July 12, 2020 http://www.tobefriend.in.th/activities/ac11-addiction.php Siscovick, D. S., LaPorte, R. E., & Newman, J. M. (1985). The disease-specific benefits and risks of physical activity and exercise. Public Health Report,100, 180–188. Taylor, C. B., Sallis, J. F., & Needle, R. (1985). The relationship between physical activity and exercise and mental health. Public Health Report, 100, 195–202.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 May, G. S. et al. (1982). Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: A review of long– term trials. Prognosis Cardiovascular Disease, 24, 331–352. Kemmer, F. W., & Berger, M. (1983). Exercise and diabetes mellitus: physical activity as a part of daily life and its role in the treatment of diabetic patients. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 4, 77–88. Wilmore, J. H. (1982). Training for sport and activity (2nd ed.). Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Page | 38 Haskell, W. L. (1984). Exercise induced changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Preventive Medicine, 13, 23–36. Bailey, D. A. (1976). The growing child and the need for physical activity. In Child in sport and physical activity, edited by J. G. Albinson and P. R. Andrew. University Park Press, Baltimore, MD, 81–96. Smith, E. L., Reddan, W., & Smith, P. E. (1981). Physical activity and calcium modalities for bone mineral increase in aged women. Medical Science Sports Exercise, 13, 60–64. Bahre, M. S., & Morgan, W. P. (1978). Anxiety reduction following exercise and meditation. Cognitive Ther Research, 2, 323–334. Ransford, C. P. (1982). A role for amines in the antidepressant effect of exercise: A review. Medical Science Sports Exercise,14, 1–10. Cooper, K. H. (1968). Aerobics. M. Evans and Co.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF OMNI RATE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION COLOR FACE SCALE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN SINGAPORE Peggy Boey, Govindasamy Balasekaran and Ng Yew Cheo Page | 39 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Introduction To determine the reproductibility of different perceived exertion levels by young adults in Singapore. Literature review The renowned OMNI Rate of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE) has withstood the test of time since its inception and has been validated across nationalities, age group, gender and health status (Balasekaran et al., 2014 & Robertson et al., 2001). The OMNI RPE Color Face Scale (CFS) is a modification of the original scale to increase usability across exercise modes and age groups. An estimation-production paradigm was conducted to validate the OMNI RPE CFS. Concurrent validity is a criteria that determines the validity of the scale in measuring perceived exertion (Haile, Gallagher & Robertson, 2015). Low exercise intensity can be referrenced to RPE 2, while moderate intensity can be referrenced from RPE 5 to 7 of the OMNI RPE scale (Robertson, 2004). Method Ten healthy participants (Age: 28.10±5.05yrs, Height: 165.70±11.47cm, Weight: 60.46±12.12kg, percentage body fat (%BF): 21.93±5.32 %) were recruited for the study. In the estimation session (ES), a discontinuous graded submaximal exercise treadmill run test (GXT) that involves 4-minute work-rest cycle was conducted. Treadmill gradient was maintained at 1% and speed was increased at 0.5km·h-1 per work stage. Within the last 15 seconds of each work stage, RPE and heart rate (HR) were recorded using the OMNI RPE CFS and HR monitor respectively. Test was terminated upon volitional exhaustion. In the production session (PS), participants ran three trials (RPE 2, 5 and 7) at 8 minutes each. Participants had 3 minutes to adjust their speed and maintained their self-selected speed for the next 5 minutes. Between each trial, participants were given 1-minute of active rest at 1km·h-1 on the treadmill with treadmill gradient at 1%. HR and RPE were measured at the last 15 seconds of each minute. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured by metabolic cart for both sessions. Results No significant differences were observed between ES and PS for HR at RPE 2 (ES: 131.70±24.06 beats·min-1 vs. PS: 126.84±20.36 beats·min-1, p=0.476); RPE 5 (ES: 155.02±21.52 beats·min-1 vs. PS: 148.76±16.18 beats·min-1, p=0.215) and RPE 7 (ES: 167.036±14.70 beats·min-1 vs. PS: 162.70±10.61 beats·min-1, p=0.133). No significant differences were observed between ES and PS for VO2 at RPE 2 (ES: 23.63±4.80 ml·kg- 1·min-1 vs. PS: 21.44±5.50 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.098); RPE 5 (ES: 31.70±4.11 ml·kg-1·min-1 vs. PS: 29.68±5.72 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.160) and RPE 7 (ES: 36.23±2.94 ml·kg-1·min-1 vs. PS: 34.83±5.58 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.375). Increment results indicated significant differences between RPE 2 and 5 for HR and VO2 (HR: 21.92 beats·min-1, VO2: 8.23 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.00), and between RPE 5 and 7 (HR: 13.94 beats·min-1, VO2: 5.16 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.00).

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 Neither VO2 nor HR differed significantly between ES and PS when compared at RPE 2, 5 and 7. Responses between RPE trials during production trial showed intensity discrimination. Discussion Intensity descrimination was observed in HR and VO2 between each increasing RPE. Presciption congruence was achieved between PS and ES as VO2 and HR did not differ Page | 40 signfiicantly. Adults are able to self-regulate exercise intensity using the OMNI RPE CFS. References Balasekaran, G., Thor, D., Ng, Y. C., & Govindaswamy, V. V. (2014). OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion: Self-Regulation of Exercise Intensity in Youths and Pedagogical Approaches for Youths in Physical Education in Singapore. Asian Journal of Youth Sport, 1(1), 43–50. Haile, L., Gallagher, M., & Robertson, R.J. 2015. Perceived Exertion Laboratory Manual. From Standard Practice to Contemporary Application. Springer: New York. Robertson, R. J. 2004. Perceived Exertion for Practitioners: Rating Effort with the OMNI Picture System. Human Kinetics: United States of America Robertson,R. J., Goss, F.L., Boer, N.,Gallagher, J.D.,Thompkins,T., Bufalino,K., Balasekaran,G., MeCkes, C., Pintar, J., & Williams, A.. (2001). Omni Scale Perceived Exertion at Ventilatory Breakpoint in Children: Response Normalized. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 33(11), 1946–1952.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 SPORT TOURIST’S EXPERIENCE-BASED NOSTALGIA AND REVISIT INTENTION TO THE STADIUM Kosuke Takata1 and Kirstin Hallmann2 Page | 41 1, 2Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne [email protected] Introduction Sport teams have played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though sport event organisers have faced difficulties under the restrictions, sport fans are returning to their stadium in several countries such as Japan. The lack of their everyday life triggered nostalgic feelings toward the sport, which has encouraged them to go back to the stadium. However, past studies have scarcely observed the relationship of nostalgia dimensions with the revisit intention to the stadium. Thus, this study aimed to investigate how nostalgic feelings of spectator sports influence the revisit intention to the stadium and what dimensions of nostalgia are perceived differently between attending and non-attending fans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature review The conceptual model of nostalgia in sport tourism (Cho et al., 2014) categorised sporting nostalgia into two realms; experience-based and identity-based nostalgia. Considering that the pandemic limited fan’s experience in the stadium, this study focused on the experience-based nostalgia evoked by positive memories from past sporting experiences. Moreover, the affective-behavioural relationship in the Cognitive-Affective-Behavioural model (Pachankis, 2007) supported the hypothesis that the sport fan’s nostalgia affects the revisit intention to the stadium. Method At the end of December 2020, we conducted an online survey in Japan for football and baseball fans (n = 560) who have attended a match in last five years. The questionnaire included 13 items from the Nostalgia Scale for Sport Tourist (Cho et al., 2017), two items of revisit intention (Kim et al., 2013), match attendance under the COVID-19 restrictions in 2020, and the participant’s demographics. Results Confirmatory factor analysis verified the measurement structure with three dimensions of experience-based nostalgia (i.e., nostalgia as sport team, environment, and socialisation) and the revisit intention to the stadium (χ2 (84) = 341.189, p ≤ .001; χ2/df = 4.06; RMSEA = .074; SRMR = .055; CFI = .958). The structural equation modelling analysis revealed that only the factor of ‘nostalgia as sport team’ has a significant effect on the revisit intention (β = .370, p < .001). After that, using fan’s match attendance under the restrictions in 2020, we divided the sample into two groups; the ‘attending fans’ who have watched a match in the stadium in 2020 (n = 127); and the ‘non-attending fans’ who have never attended in 2020 (n = 433). Next, we confirmed the metric invariance of the measurement in the two groups. The multigroup analysis also showed that the influence of ‘nostalgia as sport team’ for the attending fans (γ = .829, p ≤ .001) is significantly stronger than that for non-attending fans (γ = .330, p ≤ .001).

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 Discussion The results of this study imply that sport fans are encouraged to return to the stadium by nostalgia feelings, not of the venue and the socialised community but the sport teams themselves. Sport event organisers and team marketers should enhance the nostalgic atmosphere around their players and coaches on re-building the team-fan relationship in the “with corona” period. Page | 42 References Cho, H., Lee, H. W., Moore, D. W., Norman, W. C., & Ramshaw, G. (2017). A Multilevel Approach to Scale Development in Sport Tourist Nostalgia. Journal of Travel Research, 56(8), 1094–1106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516683834 Cho, H., Ramshaw, G., & Norman, W. C. (2014). A conceptual model for nostalgia in the context of sport tourism: re-classifying the sporting past. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 19(2), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2015.1033444 Kim, T. H., Ko, Y. J., & Park, C. M. (2013). The influence of event quality on revisit intention: Gender difference and segmentation strategy. Managing Service Quality, 23(3), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604521311312237 Pachankis, J. E. (2007). The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive- affective-behavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 328–345. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.328

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 EXPLORING THE EFFECTS ON PARENTS’ OUTDOOR LEISURE Page | 43 PARTICIPATION WITH CHILDREN: A COMPARISON OF JAPANESE AND THAI PARENTS An Uesugi1 and Rei Yamahita2 1Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand [email protected] 2Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan Introduction This study targeted parents who have children aged between 3 and 11 years old to explore the factors affecting parents’ outdoor leisure participation in two countries; Thailand and Japan. This study uses comparative analysis to understand the current state of Thai and Japanese families’ outdoor leisure participation. Literature review Over the past few years, all the countries of the world have been working toward the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), and tourism is expected to make a significant contribution not only to economic aspects but also to social and environmental aspects (United Nations World Tourism Organization, n.d.). In Japan, as a solution to disperse the tourists’ concentration out from the city to rural areas, outdoor leisure and recreation development utilizing the abundant natural resources in rural areas are being pursued (Japan Sports Agency, 2018). At the same time, it is crucial to develop valuable and finite natural resources sustainability. Some previous research clarified that one of the most critical influences in promoting environmental awareness and concern is childhood outdoor experiences (e.g., Halpenny, 2006; Larson et al., 2011). UNESCO also appeals that Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) must begin from birth and not only through pre-primary school setting, but also in the home and broader community. To create these society, it is doubtful to have parents’ support. Parents’ awareness must be paid more attention since they play an essential role to create (Ishizaki, 2009). First, it is necessary to understand the current state of parents’ awareness of SDGs/ESD and their outdoor leisure participation with their children. Method A web-based cross-cultural survey study was conducted to obtain responses from parents who have children aged between 3 and 11. Japanese samples whose residential status is in Hokkaido prefecture were recruited from Japanese large-sized online panel companies. Thai samples were collected using “Google Form” from pre-school in Nakhon Pathom province. In total, 193 Japanese and 195 Thai parents provided useable data. Results Based on the result, Japanese parents joined outdoor leisure activities with their children more than Thai parents. However, t-test indicated that Japanese parents were more constrained (intrapersonal: Mean = 2.30, S.D. = 0.87, interpersonal: Mean = 2.46, S.D. = 0.83 structural: Mean = 2.58, S.D. = 0.75) to outdoor recreation with their children more than Thai parents (intrapersonal: Mean = 1.71, S.D. = 0.64, interpersonal: Mean = 2.20, S.D. = 0.82 structural: Mean = 2.33, S.D. = 0.78). The frequency of outdoor leisure participation had a relationship with constraints. Moreover, it is revealed that parents’ awareness of SDGs and ESD affected the frequency of outdoor leisure participation.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 Discussion Some researchers suggested that an educational program in a natural area can be an enjoyable leisure content (e.g., Barrett & Mowen, 2014; He & Hinch, 2021). This study tries to show practical implications by understanding the current status of parents’ outdoor leisure participation with children to encourage family with children to join outdoor educational programs in a tourism context. Page | 44 References Barrett, A., & Mowen, A. J. (2014). Assessing the effectiveness of artistic place-based climate change interpretation. Journal of Interpretation Research, 19(2), 7–24. Halpenny, E. A. (2006). Environmental Behaviour, Place Attachment and Park Visitation: A case study of visitors to Point Pelee National Park. UWSpace. He, M., & Hinch, T. (2021). Climate Change Interpretation and the Leisure Experience of Participants on a Commercial Tour. Leisure/Loisir, 1-26. Japan Sport Agency (2018). Outdoor Sports Promotion Declaration. Retrieved from https://www.mext.go.jp/sports/en/b_menu/policy/economy/outdoorspd.htm Larson, L. R., Whiting, J. W., & Green, G. T. (2011). Exploring the influence of outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behavior in a demographically diverse population. Local Environment, 16(1), 67-86. United Nations World Tourism Organization (n.d.). Our Focus. Sustainable development. Retrieved July 20, 2021, from https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 Page | 45 THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE 2019 RUGBY WORLD CUP: FOCUSING ON A COMMUNITY HOSTING THE OFFICIAL TEAM CAMPS Yukako Wada Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University [email protected] Naoki Toyota Health and Sports Science Center Kyushu Sangyo University Hirotaka Matsuoka Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University A pre-games training camp is an organized period in which athletes and sports teams stay and train at a particular place for coming games. The 2019 Rugby World Cup (2019RWC) was held in 2019, and the “official team camps (official camps)” of the 2019RWC, which were the pre-games training camps of participating teams, were also hosted all over Japan. The number of communities hosting games was 12, while communities hosting official camps totaled 55. Although the game was scheduled for just one day, each team stayed 9.8 days on average within a community for the official camps during the Rugby World Cup in 2015 (World Cup 2019 Organising Committee, n.d.). Thus, hosting official camps could be regarded as opportunities to influence social benefits such as economic growth and cultural development within a community. Researchers have focused on mega sporting events and measured their leverages, social impact, and legacies (Chalip, 2006; Sant, Mason, & Hinch., 2013; Preuss, 2015). However, there are limited studies that focused on sport training camps, including pre-games training camps. Municipalities were required to prepare high-quality facilities in line with strict criteria to host official camps. As these preparations and to host official camps are covered by taxes, it is important to examine how residents evaluate the effect of hosting the official camp in their city. The definition of legacies implies very long-term effects, while short-term impulse such as economic impacts of mega sporting events are not considered legacy (Preuss, 2007). Given that impacts are the changes following actions (Preuss, 2007, 2015), the concept of impact could be appropriate to evaluate the effects of hosting the official camp within a host city, one year since the 2019RWC concluded. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to illustrate the impact of hosting official camps in the community based on residents’ perceptions. In particular, this study examined the influence of the positive and negative impacts on the evaluation of hosting official camps (Evaluation) and expectation to host future sport training camps within a community (Expectation). The positive and negative impacts of hosting official camps included eight factors with 28 items. (Kim & Petrick, 2005; Oshimi, Harada, & Fukuhara, 2016). City A was chosen for data collection. An online survey was conducted through an internet research company from November 20–24, 2020. Total valid samples were 287/287 (100%). The validity of the measures was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Amos 26. The fit index of the scale was acceptable, but several factor loadings were lower than .707 (Fornell & Larcker, 1981). After having rejected four items, the result of CFA showed that with acceptable discriminant validity, convergent validity, and reliability estimates. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that positive impacts influencing Evaluation were Image (p < .001) and Culture (p < .05), while no negative impacts

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 influenced it. The results also suggested no paths that directly influenced Expectation, but Evaluation positively influenced Expectation (p < .001). More specific findings and their academic and practical implications will be presented. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K13893 Page | 46

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 TOURISM FOR WELLNESS Suvimol Tangsujjapoj Faculty of Education, Kasetsart University, Thailand [email protected] Page | 47 According to the agreement among world leaders at the United Nations on a universal 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development committed all countries to pursue a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that would lead to a better future for all. At the 17 SDGs and the corresponding 169 SDG targets offer the world a new direction, tourism is able to play a significant role in delivering sustainable solution for people in good health and well- being. The purpose of this concept paper is to identify the role of tourism to the wellness. Tourism is the second highest world category in export earnings in 2018, representing 10.4 % of world gross domestic product (GDP), 30 % of services exports and 1 out of every 10 jobs in the world. Tourism is a tool of social and economic development. It is increasingly becoming associated with quality of life issues as it offer people the opportunity to take a break away from the complexities and stresses of everyday life and work–it provides the context for rest, relaxation and an opportunity to do something different. This increasing is being associated with notions of well-being and how holidays assist with relaxation, recuperation and personal goals outside of work. Health and well-being have steadily become essential factors shaping all areas of people’s lives and have also increasingly influenced patterns of consumption and production. Wellness tourism focuses on the promotion of health and well-being and where a balance and holistic integration of multiple health dimension, active self-responsibility, healthy lifestyle, subjectivity and actualization of human potential play major roles (Voight & Pforr, 2014). Meanwhile the degree of health (literacy) affects seven dimension of wellness including physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, environment, and occupational (Tapps & Wells, 2019). Wellness tourism is travel for the purpose of promote health and well-being through physical, psychological, or spiritual activities. The wellness tourism market is divided travellers into two types (The Global Wellness Institute, 2020): - 1) primary wellness travellers–those who are primary motivated by wellness to take a trip; and 2) secondary wellness travellers–those who want to maintain wellness or participate in wellness activities during any kind of travel. Wellness tourism is all travel associated with the present of maintaining or enhancing one’s personal well-being. Travel and tourism can shift our perspective on life and change the course of our knowledge, values, attitudes, and behaviors. Keywords: tourism, wellness INTRODUCTION According to the agreement among world leaders at the United Nations (2015) on a universal 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development committed all countries to pursue a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that would lead to a better future for all. At the 17 SDGs and the corresponding 169 SDG targets offer the world a new direction, tourism is able to play a significant role in delivering sustainable solution for people in good health and well-being. Tourism is the second highest world category in export earnings in 2018, representing 10.4 % of world gross domestic product (GDP), 30 % of services exports and 1 out of every 10 jobs in the world (UNWTO, 2019). Tourism has the potential for contribute to the targets

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 in goals 8 (inclusive and sustainable economic growth), 12 (sustainable consumption and productions) and 14 (the sustainable use of oceans and marine resources) (Tourism for SDGs, 2020). As the same time, the SDGs work in the spirit of partnership and pragmatism to make the appropriate and right choice to improve life, in a sustainable way for future generation. In addition, tourism’s potential to a better future for all is the central message of World Tourism Day 2019. Tourism transforms lives. It is not only an occasional activity, but also on going Page | 48 connection to the world. The purpose of this concept paper is to identify the role of tourism to the wellness. TOURISM Tourism is a discretionary activity. It has an important role not only in our lives but also globally. Tourism is a tool of social and economic development. It is increasingly becoming associated with quality of life issues as it offer people the opportunity to take a break away from the complexities and stresses of everyday life and work–it provides the context for rest, relaxation and an opportunity to do something different. This increasing is being associated with notions of well-being and how holidays assist with relaxation, recuperation and personal goals outside of work (Page, 2015). Tourism takes place in both natural and human environmental, and consequently each tourist inevitably is the cause of some form of impacts (Robinson et al., 2013). There are various classifications of impacts, but the most commonly used categories are economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts (Robinson et al., 2013). See figure 1. Economic Impacts Sicio-cultural Environmental Impacts Impacts Figure 1 Interrelationship of Tourism Impacts Source: Robinson et al., 2013, p. 418 Since the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) published “Our Common Future”, a milestone in terms of the world’s development (WCED, 1987). Sustainable development became a key issue in all parts of our daily lives, and tourism (Robinson et al., 2013: 440). Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need. It is under 5Ps principles, including people, planet, prosperity, place, and partnership (UNESCO, 2015). Key competencies for sustainable (Rieckman, 2012) were: - 1. System thinking competency, 2. Anticipatory competency, 3. Normative competency, 4. Strategic competency, 5. Collaboration competency, 6. Critical thinking competency,