AE 12020

Contents Page 1 Unit 1 Project Meeting 6 Unit 2 Surveys and Questionnaires 12 Unit 3 Interpreting Data 21 Unit 4 Writing a Report and Abstract 29 Unit 5 Finding Solutions 35 Unit 6 Presenting 41 References CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and

Unit 1 Project Meeting Unit Goals You should be able to: run a meeting as the chairperson; give suggestions and discuss ideas. 1A Running a Meeting Energizing CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and A. Watch a VDO “The Business of English – Episode 4: Any other business?” on YouTube. Answer the questions from the dialogue. Chairperson: Has everybody got a copy of the agenda? John: Would you mind taking minutes, John? Chairperson: Not at all. Tan: Good. Well, then let’s get it started. Chairperson: First of all, thank you everyone for attending at short notice. As you know the objective of this meeting of the Capital Works committee is to discuss a proposal for some urgent building work at our Southside plant. As we’ve got to reach a decision which may involve spending. We’ll run it as a formal meeting. Now, you’ve read the proposal, so without further ado, I’d like to open it up for discussion. Perhaps if we can start with you Tan – What’s your view? Well, I’m not convinced that work is as urgent as this report suggests, so perhaps we should … So, to sum up I think we are all aware that some urgent work does need to be done, and we will need to work on a longer term plan for a major refit. Well, if there’s no more discussion – we’ll put it to a vote. We’re recommending that tenders be called for the urgent work needed. All those in favor? All those against? Then that’s agreed. Any other business? Then we’ll close the meeting. Thank you everyone. The next meeting will be in two weeks, at the same time. 1

Unit 2 Surveys and Questionnaires Unit Goals You should be able to: make questions for a survey; make online survey. 2A Making Questions for a Survey Energizing CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Watch a VDO “Asking Questions in English” on YouTube. Do the following exercises. A. Fill in the four parts you need to make questions. 1. ________________________: who, what, where, when, how, why, how long, how often, how much 2. ________________________: be, do, have, can, should 3. ________________________: I, you, we, they, he, she, it 4. ________________________: play, eat, buy B. Put these questions into the right categories. (a) Are you enjoying the movie? (g) Can you help me for a minute? (b) Where is the best restaurant to try? (h) What is the best thing about living there? (c) How long did you stay there? (i) Do you like the soup? (d) Have you been to Italy? (j) When did you go? (e) How long does it take to drive there? (k) Why did you go there? (f) What is the weather like at this time of year? Closed questions Open questions 6

Empowering A. Read the description of each type of question in a survey. Choose the correct type for each group of questions (A-C). (A) Area relating to the problem statement (B) Personal Background (C) Personal motivation CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofTitle of the Survey: How to Speak English with Confidence SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Part of the Survey (1) ________________________________: Information relating to age, gender, marital status, occupation, hobbies, interests, and personal habits. Examples of this type of question are: What is your gender? What is your age? What is your major? What faculty are you in? What do you do in your free time? Who do you usually hang out with? (2) ________________________________: Information on general inspiration, motivation, and pain points. Examples are: Who is your idol? What do you do want to be in the future? What is your goal? What do you do to achieve your goal? What are your life expectations? What is the major problem in your life? (3) ________________________________: Information on particular inspiration, motivation, and pain points, which are relating to the problem statement. Examples are: Who is your idol for speaking English? How does speaking English benefit you? How well can you speak English? How often do you speak English? Which skills do you want to get improved? Do you like to speak English with foreigners? 7

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEngaging SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Work in groups. Decide a topic or problem statement for your problem-solution project. Then make 10 questions for a survey. The questions are divided into three parts which are: (1) personal background; (2) personal motivation; (3) area relating to the problem statement. Make four questions for the personal background, three questions for the personal motivation and another three for the area relating to the problem statement. 8

2B Making Online Surveys Energizing A. Watch a VDO “How to Use SurveyMonkey 101” on YouTube, minutes 0:01 – 0:34. Read its script and answer the questions below. SurveyMonkey is a tool used to create, send, and collect surveys that you create and analyze the results of those surveys. These surveys could be implemented through email services, Facebook, by phone, or even embedded into your website. This is a useful application to use if you want to get the opinions of your customers or audience members in order to gain insights and make informed business decisions. SurveyMonkey breaks down their service into three steps; you design a survey to send, collect the results of those surveys, and analyze the resulting data. If you sign up for a basic free account, you’ll be able to create surveys with premade, easy to use designs. CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and [อา้ งถึงแหล่งขอ้ มลู ของคณุ ที่น่ี] 1. What is SurveyMonkey? ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. How can the surveys made by SurveyMonkey used through? ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the steps of its service? ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What will the basic free account allow you to do? ______________________________________________________________________________ 9

Empowering A. Watch the VDO above again, minutes 0:35 – 1:14. Read its script and complete the steps in getting started the SurveyMonkey. To get started, just click the green “create survey” button. Enter in a title for your survey, choose an appropriate category, and then click continue. On this page, you can adjust the design of your survey, but more importantly, this is where you can add information that your survey takers will see. The beauty of SurveyMonkey is that you can create a survey that is more than just text questions. If you click the dropdown arrow next to “add question”, you’ll see a list of available options to add. Let’s add a multiple-choice question. We will do this by choosing appropriate question type and then entering in the question and answers we want. When you finish, click “save and close”, and then click “send survey”. The next tutorial will talk about the different ways you can send a survey. CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of Steps in getting started SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and (a) Click “continue”. (e) Enter the title of the survey. (b) Choose question type. (f) Fill in the questions and answers. (c) Choose a category. (g) Click “send survey”. (d) Click “save and close”. (h) Click dropdown arrow next to “add question”. 1 • Click “create survey”. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEngaging SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Work in groups. Go online and sign up at SurveyMonkey.com to create an online survey. Enter the 10 questions your group has made from the Engaging activity 2A and send the link of the complete survey to other groups of students to do it. 11

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofUnit 6 Presenting SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Unit Goals You should be able to: make sentences to give an introduction in a presentation; describe a process relating to a project work. 6A How to Give a Presentation Energizing A. Watch a VDO “The Business of English – Episode 9: A customer survey” on YouTube. Read the script and answer the questions below. Today I’m going to look at the results of our customer survey. First, I’ll go through the survey questions, then summarize the results, and finally I’ll outline the conclusions. After that, there’ll be time for questions and discussion. So, let’s start with the survey questions. Turning to the results, as you can see from the diagram, most people decided what to buy when they saw the product at the showroom. About one third made their decision based on what the salesperson said. The others knew what they wanted to buy already. Most of those made their decision on the recommendation of a friend. Only a few said they relied on advertising. Let’s move on to the conclusion. The first one is that it’s very important that salespeople on the floor know about our products. Another is that after-sales service is critical. People who experience good after-sales service are more likely to recommend a brand. And finally, advertising – it’s expensive, so we need to make sure we’re getting results. 1. What topic is Tan going to talk about? __________________________________________ 2. How many parts are there of Tan’s talk? _________________________________________ 3. What is each part of his presentation about? _____________________________________ 4. What kind of visual aids does he use? ___________________________________________ 5. When can the questions be asked? ______________________________________________ 35

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEmpowering SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and A. Watch the VDO again, minutes 1:45 – 4:36. Complete the phrases below. 1. Stating a topic clearly a) I’m going to _______________. b) I’m going to _______________. c) I’m going to _______________. d) I’m going to _______________. e) I’m going to _______________. 2. Outlining the structure of the presentation (a) _______________, I’ll go through the survey questions, (b) _______________ summarize the results, and (c) _______________ I’ll outline the conclusions. 3. Telling the audience when it is time for questions (a) _______________ there’ll be time for questions and discussion. 4. Moving one part to another part (a) So, let’s _______________ the questions … (b) _______________ to the results … (c) Let’s _______________ the conclusions. Engaging Your group is going to give a presentation for the project work from unit 5, the Engaging activity 5B. Prepare the introduction of your presentation including the topic of your project, how to create an online survey, describing a persona, and how to find the best solution with its best one. Use expressions from the Empowering activity above and the Language Bank on page 39. 36

Language Bank Expressions for Presentations Introductions Greeting the audience Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Good morning/afternoon, everyone. Expressing the purpose My purpose / objective / aim today is … I’m here today to … Giving the structure This talk is divided into four main parts. To start with/Firstly, I’d like to look at … Then/Secondly, I’ll be talking about … Thirdly … My fourth point will be about … Finally, I’ll be looking at … Giving the timing My presentation/talk will take/last about 20 minutes. Handling questions At the end of my talk, there will be a chance to ask questions. I’ll be happy to answer any questions you have at the end of my presentation. CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and 37

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of6B Describing a Process SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Energizing A. Watch a VDO “Process Paragraph and Process Essay” on YouTube. Complete the explanation below. A process paragraph or a process essay is meant to explain how to do something or describe how something is done. There are two ways that you can show process. The first kind is instructional / (1) _______________________ process Example: ______________________________________________________ Instruction to follow Directly to reader – imperative/you The second one is informational / (2) _______________________ process How something is done, produced Example: ______________________________________________________ Tips on how to write an effective process Use (3) ____________________ tense and (4) ____________________ voice Example: Maple syrup (5) ____________________ from sap which (6) ____________________is from maple trees. Organizing the steps in a process Use sequence words: first, second, then, next, finally Example: (7) ____________________, maple trees are tapped and the exuded sap is collected in buckets. Avoid repetition Use pronouns, relative clauses Example: The syrup is filtered to remove sugar crystals. (8) ______________ creates a superior product free of an unpleasant, gritty texture. Definition Be clear. 38

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEmpowering SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and A. Complete the informational process with the correct form of passive voice. How to Build a Website Using WordPress These days, building a website is easier than ever. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making a website with WordPress. First, a domain name and a hosting package from a provider (1) ________________ (purchase). The domain name is your “address” on the Internet, so you should choose a name that is easy to remember and reflects the content of your site. Second, the WordPress software (2) ________________ (install). The WordPress is a free, open-source program that (3) ________________ (develop) by a global community of volunteers. It (4) ________________ (use) for everything from personal websites to blogs by companies like Pepsi and Nikon. Next, the template with your website’s name and logo (5) ________________ (customize). Then small add-on programs (6) ________________ (install). After that, your content (7) ________________ (post) – the text and images that give the important information on your site. Finally, the website can (8) ________________ (share) to your friends, colleagues, and social media network. Engaging Your group is going to give a final presentation about your project work. 1. Prepare a script. Start the presentation with the introduction you have prepared from the Engaging activity 5A. 2. Then describe a process on how to create an online SurveyMonkey your group did in the Engaging activity 4D, unit 4. 3. After that, describe a persona your group’s persona created from the Engaging activity 5A, unit 5. 4. Next, describe a process on how to find the best solution and its best one from the Engaging activity 5B, unit 5. 5. Finally, give a conclusion. 6. Use expressions from the Language Bank on page 42. 39

Language Bank CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of Expressions for Presentations SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Referring to visuals As you can see here … Here we can see … If you look at the diagram, you can see … This slide / picture / diagram shows … Transitions Let’s now move on to / turn to … Now I’d like to turn to / talk about … In this section, I’ll discuss … Summarizing and Concluding Let me now sum up. We’ve looked at … Let’s summarize briefly what we’ve looked at … In conclusion I’d like to say … Let me end by saying … Closing Thank you for your attention. Thank you for listening. Questions If you have any questions, I’ll be happy to answer them now. Are there any more questions? 40

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofUnit 5 Finding Solutions SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Unit Goals You should be able to: create a persona using the results of a survey; brainstorm and choose the best solution using an evaluation matrix. 5A Creating a Persona Energizing A. Look at the sample of a persona below. Read a text on page 31 and answer the questions. 1. What is a persona? _______________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the elements of a persona? _______________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the benefits of creating a persona? _______________________________________________________________________ 29

Personas are fictional characters, which you create based upon your research in order to represent the different user types that might use your service, product, site, or brand in a similar way. Creating personas will help you to understand your users’ needs, experiences, behaviors and goals. Why should you put time and effort into creating a persona? Most of the time designers will be designing for people that are not like them, they need to have a clear image of who exactly they are designing for. So, by developing personas you avoid self- referential thinking, and help designers place themselves in the user’s shoes. Secondly, it will give a general direction to your team, and ensures that they are all on the same page, it builds a common understanding across teams. It helps to make and defend the decisions that a team takes. CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEmpowering SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and A. Read each description and chose the given words for its topic. (a) Age (b) Job Title and Profession (c) Fiction Name (d) Other (e) Values/Fears (f) Photograph (g) Pain Points (h) Goals (i) Marital Status What Should a Persona Look Like? Here are some the most commonly used elements of a persona: (1) ________________________ A name makes it easy for people in your team to refer to the person in question you’re talking about. Let’s call our persona Airline Mark. (2) ________________________ What’s a name without a face! Giving a face to your persona helps people to relate to the persona on a more personal level. You can use stock images, but it’s better head out into the real world and snap a picture of someone that would actual use your product. (3) ________________________ Mark, as mentioned before, is an innovation specialist. He has been working at Delta Airlines for 3 years now, before this he worked at Cap Gemini. He was hired as a senior manager, and leads a team of five. He is hoping to be promoted in the near future. (4) ________________________ Pretty easy one, 37 years old. However, don’t underestimate the importance of age, it could tell someone’s lifestyle and product choices. 30

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of(5) ________________________ SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20andMarried to Rachel, with two kids Emma and Luke. (6) ________________________ A personal image of Mark, like: What are his hobbies? What phone does he use? What’s his favorite television show? His favorite website? His favorite blog? Favorite brand? Whether or not he’s a coffee drinker? (7) ________________________ These aims can be quite general, like: being able to work more efficiently. But other times you want to make them quite product-specific. For example, being able to scan your passport from your phone so you don’t have to fill in all of the personal information by hand when booking a flight. (8) ________________________ What does Mark value in a product? Is this ease of use? Or maybe beautiful design? Maybe your persona is very price conscious and wants the cheapest possible product. Knowing what your persona values in your product will help you define their fears. (9) ________________________ What are the challenges that Mark faces in life? This can be quite general, like the fact that he has trouble juggling the work-life balance. Or it could be more product specific, he hates having to type in his password every time he has to log into the company’s database. Engaging Get everyone in your team involved. Create a persona using the results of your survey from the Engaging activity 4A. 31

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of5B Finding the Best Solution SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Energizing A: Match the given topic sentence for each paragraph below. a) Use Brain-writing techniques for working in a team. b) Never evaluate your ideas while finding them. c) Define a clear and precise problem statement. Structured Brainstorming: Steps to Successful Brainstorming Structured brainstorming is a technique used to generate ideas, which can help to solve a problem. There are several things you should consider when you want to brainstorm. 1. ___________________________________________. Try to formulate your problem as one short sentence. For example, “How can we improve our teamwork” 2. ___________________________________________. For example, give a pencil, paper to each participant and let everyone write ideas on a paper instead of talking. This allows even quiet people to give their ideas and avoid endless discussions. 3. ___________________________________________. Always write down what you think. Don’t worry if it makes sense or not. Evaluate the ideas only after you finish generating ideas. 32

Empowering A. Read steps 1-4 in evaluating ideas. Then fill in the matrix below with the given words. (a) BAD (b) GOOD (c) WEAK (d) GREAT How to Pick the Best Ideas after Brainstorming There are a few steps that are often used to quickly evaluate ideas. Step 1: Start by putting all the ideas on the wall. Step 2: Cluster the ideas. Create themes. CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Step 3: Give each idea a unique number. Start with idea 1, the idea 2, etc. Step 4: Use the matrix to separate the most valuable ideas based on four possibilities: 1. High impact and low effort: These ideas are excellent. Extremely valuable and you should execute them right away! 2. High impact and high effort: Definitely worth investigating. Can you also reach the same impact with less effort? 3. Low impact and low effort: Not very suitable. You’re looking for high impact ideas. Can you increase the impact? 4. Low impact and high effort: Your lowest priority. Focus on the other ideas. (1) (2) (3) (4) 33

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEngaging SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and After your group finished creating a persona from the Engaging activity 5A, use the information from it to find the best solution for your persona. Follow these steps: 1. Structure brainstorming. Follow steps in the Energizing activity A. 2. Pick the best idea after brainstorming. Follow steps in the Empowering activity A. 34

Unit 4 Writing a Report and Abstract Unit Goals You should be able to: write a survey report; write an abstract. 4A Writing a Survey Report Energizing CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and A. After the questionnaires have been analyzed, survey reports are normally written up. Read the report below of ‘A Survey of Reading Habits of Young People in the UK’. Number (1-4) the information in the order you read it. A) _____ Preferred fiction genres B) _____ Number of books read C) _____ Conclusion D) _____ Details of people questioned This survey aimed to find out about the reading habits of young people in the UK. A small group of twenty-five people, between the ages of 18 and 24, were questioned. A questionnaire was used to collect data about the number of books read per month and the preferred fiction genres of the respondents. The results show that most of them (32%) read only one book a month, but a fairly large number read two or three books. However, a surprisingly large ten percent read more than six books per month. Fantasy and adventure were the most favored genres. They were enjoyed by more than half of all male and female respondents (56 to 60%). Romance was by far the least popular genre with boys with just five percent. On the other hand, war stories and sport stories were read two to three times more by males than by females. To conclude, this survey shows that most of the young people questioned read one book per month, and both males and females preferred fantasy and adventures when it came to fiction genres. B. Read the report above again and answer the questions. 1. What was the purpose of the survey? ____________________________________________ 2. Who were questioned in the survey? ____________________________________________ 3. How many parts were there in the questionnaire? _________________________________ 4. How many books did a minority read per month? __________________________________ 5. What were the two most popular favored fiction genres? ___________________________ 6. Which fiction genre was more popular with females? ______________________________ 7. What fiction genres were not favored by females? ________________________________ 21

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEmpowering SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and A. Read the survey report below and complete the survey outline. Survey of Academic and General Reading in English On 4th January 2019, a survey was conducted among 16 overseas postgraduate students at the University of England. The purpose of the survey was to discover the reading habits in English of the students. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete. The first part of the questionnaire dealt with the type of reading and its frequency. The second section was concerned with newspapers: the type of items read and those that were read first. From the table of data, the most significant items are as follows. In the first section 81% of the students regularly read academic books, while 44% regularly read academic journals. Nothing else is read regularly or often by 40% or more of the students. The following comments can be made about reading of newspapers, magazines and fiction. 75% sometimes read reginal or local newspapers, 69% sometimes read books of fiction, 62% sometimes read general magazines, and 56% sometimes read national daily newspapers. On the other hand, 37% never read Sunday newspapers and 31% never read fiction. In the second section, not surprisingly, 100% read news about their own country in newspapers and 56% read this first. 94% read international news, 25% read this first. 81% read about Britain and look at radio and TV information. The only other item that is usually read by more than 50% of the students is current affairs (read by 56%). If any conclusions may be drawn from the data, they are, perhaps, as follows. Overseas students presumably have little time for general reading: most of their reading time is spent on books and journals on their own subject. Outside their studies, apart from reading news about their own country, international news, and news about Britain, they probably spend most time watching TV and listening to the radio. Adapted from “Survey, Questionnaires, and Projects”, by R.R. Jordan, 1999, Copyright 1999 by Pearson Education Limited 22

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofSurvey report outline SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20andTitle: Academic and General Reading in English Paragraph 1: Introduction When: On 4th January 2019 Number of people completed a questionnaire: 16 Purpose: ____________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: How to collect data and questions Data collection: questionnaire Part 1: _____________________________________________________________ Part 2: newspapers: type of items read & read first. Paragraph 3: Part 1 results Regularly: Academic books = 81% ___________________________ = 44% Nothing else read = 40% or more Sometimes: Reginal/local newspaper = 75% Books of fiction = 69% ___________________________ = 62% National daily newspapers = 56% Never: Sunday newspaper = 37% ___________________________ =31% Paragraph 4: Part 2 results News – their own country = _______% Read news about their country first = 56% ___________________________ news = 94% Read international news first = _______% About Britain and its radio and TV information = 81% Current affairs = 56% Paragraph 5: Conclusion ___________________________ time for general reading ___________________________ reading time - books and journals on their own subject Outside their studies - reading news about their own country, international news, and news about Britain Probably spend most time - watching TV & listening to the radio 23

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEngaging SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and You are going to write a survey report. 1. Write an outline of your report using your survey results from the Engaging activity 3B, unit 3. 2. Use your outline to write a survey report. 3. Use expressions from the Language Bank on page 25. Survey report outline Title: ___________________________________________ Paragraph 1: Introduction When: ______________________________________ Number of people completed a questionnaire: __________________________ Purpose: __________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: How to collect data and questions Data collection: ____________________________________________________ Part 1: Personal information Part 2: Personal motivation Part 3: Area relating to the problem statement Paragraph 3: Part 1 results: Paragraph 4: Part 2 results: Paragraph 5: Part 3 results: Paragraph 5: Conclusion: 24

Language Bank Expressions for reporting results and writing an abstract To state: (1) the The purpose of the survey was to discover purpose of the survey This survey aimed to find out about + noun phrase The purpose of this study was to examine Ex. This survey aimed to find out about the Internet connections at home. (2) the CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofA (small) group of twenty-five people, between the ages of 18 number of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20andand 24 were questioned. people A survey was conducted among 16 overseas postgraduate involved students at the University of England. (3) the A questionnaire was used to collect data about … method you The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to used the students to complete. (4) each point The results show that + clause. of the results From the table of data, the most significant items are as follows. In the first section + clause. Ex. The results show that most participants preferred to go online using their smartphones. Ex. From the graph, the most significant items are as follows. In the first section, the most preferred device for accessing the Internet was smartphones. In the second section, the majority of people had a broadband connection at home. (5) the To conclude, this survey shows that + clause. conclusion If any conclusions may be drawn from the data, they are, perhaps, as follows. Clause. Ex. To conclude, this survey shows that young people in the UK read regularly. Remark: Underlined words and phrases in the table can be replaced. 25

4B Writing an Abstract Energizing A. Abstract is a summary of what a report or article is about. Can you guess which of the statements from A to H should be done when writing an abstract. Watch the VDO “How to Write an Abstract Step-by-Step (With Examples)” on YouTube to find out and put the letter of each statement into the correct side of the table. A) Use acronyms and abbreviations. B) Summarize your abstract at the end. C) Exclude explanations or definitions in your abstract. D) Write the abstract with the same length as an essay. E) Skip proofreading and editing your work if time is scarce. F) Copy and paste lines from other sources into the abstract. G) Use the usual essay model – introduction, body, conclusion. H) Exclude tables, graphs, sources, and quotes in your abstract. I) Include key words and phrases to help people find your work. J) Leave out the importance of your research from the abstract. K) Stick to the word limit and style required for abstract submission. L) Choose any abstract type depending on your personal preferences. M) Know who will read your abstract and adapt your writing for easy understanding. CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and To-Dos for Abstract Writing Not To-Dos for Abstract Writing B. Let’s brainstorm on additional recommendations for anyone writing an abstract to do and not to do. You can begin your opinion by using “I think we should (not)…”. Ex. I think we should use the proofreading function in Microsoft Word to check the writing of our abstract. 26

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEmpowering SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and B. Watch the VDO “How to Write an Abstract Step-by-Step (With Examples)” on YouTube again and fill in the missing details of tips on writing the best abstract. Tips on Writing the Best Abstract 1. Find out the requirements (from 0:55) Whether you write your abstract to apply to a conference grant, 1) __________ publication or work project, study the requirements on the length and style. Stick to a 2) ______________ limit to avoid being 3) _________________ or cut down severely. Typical word limit is between 150 to _________ words. 2. Pick the right abstract type (from 1:42) You have two choices to choose from, descriptive versus informative. Descriptive abstracts are written for 4) ______________ papers while informative ones are for longer, technical papers. Find out which type is required for your abstract. Descriptive abstracts describe the work done with just purpose, methods, and scope of the research. Informative abstracts are more required and contain research conclusions and 5) ______________. 3. Consider your readers (from 3:27) Ask yourself who will read your research, scholars of the same field or 6) ___________ readers. Adapt your writing accordingly. 4. Explain the importance of your research (from 4:10) Talk about why you conducted the research, why it 7) ____________ to you and could so to others, how the research went, what results came out, and why people should read your whole research paper. 5. Explain the problem and your methods (from 4:45) Tell the reader if your work solves a general or 8) _____________ problem. You must have a key claim or argument. You also have to explain your 9) ____________ methods. 6. Avoid copy-pasting 7. Keep it well-structured and logical 8. Include key phrases and words 9. Sum it up 10. Editing and proofreading 27

B. Read the abstract below. Number each key part in the order, choosing the given words. Methods Results Scope of the Conclusion Purpose research Abstract Key parts The aim of the survey was to discover the reading habits in CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of 1) ________________ English of overseas students at the University of England. The SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and2) ________________ participants consisted of 16 overseas postgraduate students who 3) ________________ were asked about 1) the type of reading and its frequency and 4) ________________ 2) the type of newspaper read as well as those that were read 5) ________________ first. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. In the first part, the results show that 81% of students regularly read academic books and 44% regularly read academic journals. Nothing else was read regularly by 40% or more of the students. Regional or local newspapers were sometimes read by most students followed by books of fiction, general magazines, and national daily newspapers. In contrast, 37% never read Sunday newspapers and 31% never read fiction. In the second section, the findings show that all students read news about their own country in newspapers and 56% read this first. Ninety-four percent read international news and 25% read this first. Eighty- one percent read about Britain and looked at radio and TV information. To conclude, overseas students presumably have little time for general reading: most of their reading is spent on academic books and journals. Outside their studies, apart from reading newspapers, they probably spend most time watching TV and listening to the radio. Engaging Your group is going to write an abstract of your survey report from Engaging activity 4A. 1. Reread your survey report for an overview. 2. Then read each section and shrink the information in each down to one or two sentences. 3. Next read these sentences again to make sure that they cover the major points in your report. 4. Check the word length and further reduce your words if needed. 5. Look at the abstract on this page as a guideline. 28

Unit 3 Interpreting Data Unit Goals You should be able to: read instructions and customize charts; describe charts and diagrams. 3A Analyzing Results Energizing CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20andA. Match each picture with the correct type of chart or graph. a) Pie chart b) Vertical bar c) Line graph d) Horizontal bar e) Area graph f) Donut chart 1) _______________________ 12

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofReferences SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and ABC Australia. (2011, June 9). The Business of English – Episode 4: Any other business [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_IwiOAhoFA&t=470s ABC Australia. (2011, June 9). The Business of English – Episode 8: Graphs and trends [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0Mr-O9AGmw&t=228s ABC Australia. (2011, June 9). The Business of English – Episode 9: A customer survey [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJOh8OUltrc&t=42s ABC Australia. (2011, June 9). The Business of English – Episode 11: Can I help you? [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXmL_VY4V_Y&t=434s ABC Australia. (2011, June 9). The Business of English – Episode 15: Until next time [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCFiI1Ap4e0&t=2s Adam, S. (2013, March 5). 4 steps to successful brainstorming. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com Bernard, R., Cady, J., Buckingham, A., & Trew, G. (2009). Business Venture 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bernard, R., Cady, J., Buckingham, A., & Trew, G. (2009). Business Venture 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. British Council. (2018). Writing about a pie chart. Retrieved from http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org British Council. (2018). Describing bar charts about reading habits. Retrieved from http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org Business Essential B1. (2012). Oxford: Oxford University Press. CANI College. (2018). Useful Phrases and Strategies for Presentation. [PDF File]. Retrieved from http://canicollege.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/USEFUL- PHRASES-AND-STRATEGIES-FOR-PRESENTATIONS.pdf. Communication Coach Alex Lyon. (2011, June 9). How to end a presentation [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBOOriisOzu De Ruijyer, J. (2015, December 29). How to pick the best ideas after a brainstorming. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OY-8uQ-gtfk Easelly. (2017, August 28). Why should you use infographic resumes [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OY-8uQ-gtfk Eat Sleep Dream English. (2018, June 15) Asking questions in English/Question structure/Fix your grammar mistakes! [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4yWEt0OSpg EnglishStreams. (2017, January 17). English conversation: job interview [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncuCMZRG1wo&t=203s Gitlin, J. (2018). When and how to use SurveyMonkey’s most popular chart types. Retrieved from https://www.surveymonkey.com Hire Aggies. (2015, April 18). How to read a job posting [Video File]. Retrieved from https;//youtube.be/90dnsdJrMNE Joosten, L. (2017, August 4). Your guide to successful persona building. Retrieved from http://www.linkedin.com/pulse/your-guide-successful-persona-building-lex-joosten Mybusinessenglish. (2013, July 3). Telephoning phrases: starting the call time [Video File] Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjaCjVAy-sE&t=228s 41

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofRMIT University. (2014, November). Study Tips: Oral Presentations – Signal and Transitions SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and[PDF file]. Retrieved from https://emedia.rmit.edu.au/learninglab/sites/default/flies/Oral_presentation_signall ing_2014_Accessible.pdf Simpleshow Foundation. (2014, June 14). How to write a cover letter [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j66rpL6QGeY&t=69s Smith, S. (2016, September 18). Visual aids. Retrieved from http://eapfoundation.com WebShare101. (2018, June 15). How to use SurveyMonkey 101 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQGrpNB_-GI 42

2) _______________________ 3) _______________________ 13 CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and

4) _______________________ CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of 5) _______________________ SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and 6) _______________________ 14

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofEmpowering SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and A. Look at the pictures and choose each phrase to complete each step in viewing specific chart types. (A) create either a line or area graph (B) view a pie or donut chart (C) select whichever bar chart (D) you’re on the “Question Summaries” tab To view the results in the SurveyMonkey Analyze tool, follow these steps: Step 1: Open the survey you want to look at and click “Analyze Results.” Step 2: Make sure that (1) _______________________________. For the question you’re hoping to create a chart from, click “Customize.” Step 3: You can now (2) _______________________________. If you would like all of the other questions to display the same type of chart, click the checkbox for “Apply to all.” After you are done, click “Save” 15

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofStep 4: To (3) _______________________________. from a question, follow the same SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20andsteps as you would to view a bar chart, but click on one of the following two diagrams. Step 5: To (4) _______________________________, follow the same steps as you would to view a bar chart, and then click on the diagram and hit “Save.” Engaging After your group has finished collecting survey responses from the questionnaire you sent out (activity from “Engaging 2B”), sign in to your SurveyMonkey account to get results. Read the passage above again from the Empowering activity 3A. Then follow the steps and suggestions to customize your charts. 16

3B Describing Data Energizing A. Match each picture with its correct description on page 18. 1. ______ 2. ______CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of3. ______ SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and 17

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of(A) The chart shows a breakdown of girls’ and boys’ preferred fiction genres. We can see SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20andthat fantasy and adventure were the most favored genres. They were enjoyed by more than half of all male and female respondents (56 to 60%). Science fiction was also liked by a fairly equal number of both genders. However, other genres showed clear differences in readership. The third most preferred genre for girls was romance, but this was by far the least popular genre with boys, with just five percent saying they liked it. Classic literature also had a mainly female readership. The reverse situation was found with war or spy stories and sport stories, which were two to three times more read by boys than by girls. (B) This chart shows the results of a survey in which people aged 16 and over were asked about their preferred devices for accessing the Internet. The question referred to going online at home and in other places. Participants mentioned four main devices in their answers: a smartphone, a laptop, a tablet and a desktop computer. It is clear that the majority of participants preferred to use smartphones and laptops, with just three percent difference between the two. Nearly a third of participants preferred to go online with a smartphone. Thirty percent liked to use a laptop. A desktop computer accounted for fourteen percent of users’ preferred devices. Only a small minority preferred a device other than these main four. (C) The bar chart shows that about 85% of young people in the UK read regularly. Most of them (32%) read only one book a month, but a fairly large number read two or three books. After that, the number of readers became progressively smaller, falling to only one percent who read six books per month. However, what stands out here is how many young people read more than six books: a surprisingly large ten percent. 18

Empowering A. Match each number in the box with the corresponding description. 18.55% 76% 85% 31% 44.25% 4% 52% 50% 25% 65% 100% 1,000 256,300 25,630 2,563 256,500 1. ______ = all 2. ______ = a half 3. ______ = just over half 4. ______ = nearly a third/ one-third 5. ______ = around two-thirds 6. ______ = a quarter/ one-fourth 7. ______ = about three-quarters 8. ______ = a/ the small minority 9. ______ = a/the vast majority 10. ______ = roughly 44% 11. ______ = approximately 19% 12. ______ = About two thousand five hundred (and) sixty 13. ______ = About twenty-five thousand (and) six hundred 14. ______ = Over two hundred fifty-six thousand 15. ______ = Over two hundred fifty-seven thousand CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and B. Fill in the gaps with a word from the box. from in about over (x 2) for of between 1. The participants were aged 16 and _______________. 2. People were asked _______________ their preferred devices for going online. 3. _______________ the pie chart, it is clear that most people prefer to use a smartphone. 4. Thirty percent _______________ participants preferred using a laptop. 5. The desktop computer is last _______________ terms of popularity. 6. Most of the participants preferred to use smartphones and laptops, with a difference of just three percentage points _______________ the two. 7. A tablet accounted _______________ 19% of users’ preferred devices. 8. _______________ half of the participants preferred a smartphone or laptop. C. Write the correct form of the word in brackets. 1. The pie chart _______________ the results of a survey. (show) 2. People were asked about their _______________ devices for accessing the Internet. (prefer) 19

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of3. The devices are _______________ in red, green, purple and blue. (show) SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and4. Nearly a third of _______________ preferred to access the Internet using a smartphone. (participate) 5. The laptop was second in terms of _______________. (popular) 6. There was a _______________ of just three percentage points between the two. (differ) 7. A desktop computer _______________ for 14% of users’ preferred devices. (account) 8. In conclusion, the _______________ of people preferred to use a smartphone or laptop. (major) Engaging After your group has finished customizing your charts (activity from “Engaging 3A”). Describe your charts using phrases you have learned. 20

1. Why is the meeting held? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Who is invited to begin giving suggestions? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the result of their votes? ______________________________________________________________________ B. Complete each definition using the words in the box. chairperson objective proposal CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt ofminutes SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20andconsensusagenda without further ado 1. _________________________ is a list of items to be discussed. 2. _________________________ is a detailed suggestion in a written form. 3. _________________________ is a person who runs the meeting. 4. _________________________ means without further procedure. 5. _________________________ is an agreement during the discussion. 6. Take _________________________ is to keep a record of the meeting. 7. _________________________ is the purpose of the meeting. Empowering A. Watch the VDO again, minutes 1:41 – 9.03. Complete the phrases below. 1. Begin the meeting (a) Has everybody _______________ a copy of the agenda? (b) Does everyone _______________ an agenda? (c) Everybody should _______________ an agenda. (d) Would you mind _______________ minutes John? (e) Could somebody _______________ the minutes please? (f) Well, then let’s _______________ started. 2

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of2. Thank people for attending a meeting SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and(a) First of all, _______________ everyone for attending at short notice. 3. State the objective of the meeting (a) The _______________ of today’s meeting is to discuss the proposal … (b) _______________ today to discuss a proposal … (c) The _______________ of our meeting today is to discuss the following proposal … 4. Invite discussions (a) Let’s _______________ it up for discussion. (b) Who’d like to _______________ the discussion? (c) What’s your _______________ Tan? (d) Let’s _______________ from Tan. (e) Do you _______________ a view on this Tan? 5. Summarize the discussion (a) To _______________ … (b) In _______________ … (c) So the main _______________ are … 6. Put recommendations to a vote (a) Well, if there’s no more _______________ – we’ll put it to a __________. (b) We’re _______________ that tenders be called for the urgent work needed. (c) All those in _______________? All those _______________? Then that’s agreed. 7. Close the meeting Any other _______________? Then we’ll _______________ the meeting. Thank you everyone. The next meeting will be in two weeks, at the same time. Engaging Practice speaking. Imagine you are the chairperson of the meeting. The objective of the meeting is to ask the attendees to suggest a topic for a problem-solution project. Use the phrases you have just learned to practice starting the meeting including thanking the attendees, stating the objective, inviting discussions, summarizing, putting recommendations to a vote, and closing it. 3

CCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of1B Suggestions and Discussions SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Energizing A. Watch a VDO “How to Make Suggestions in English” on YouTube. Fill in the blanks to complete the language use for giving suggestions. 1. Why don’t we + infinitive? (a) Why don’t we _______________ to that new Japanese place? (b) Why don’t we _______________ that vegetarian place on the corner? 2. How about + (that) clause (a) How about ________________________? 3. How about + verb (ing) (a) How about _______________ to that pizza place in Soho? (b) How about _______________ a take away? 4. We could + infinitive (a) We could _______________ to that sushi place near your office. Empowering A. Listen and complete the conversation. A: OK, are we ready to start? The first item on the agenda is the schedule. The trade fair runs for five days, and we want to have an interesting and varied program. _______________________________? Bruce? B: ________________________ have the fashion show on the first day. It’ll attract a lot of media attention. What do you think, William? C: ________________________. And ________________________have an Australia bush band on the first day too. A: ________________________. What do you think, Alison? D: ________________________ have the bush band on the last day, instead? Live music is always popular, and it will be a chance for people to hear some real Australian country music. And it will make a great ending to the whole event. B: That’s true. And ________________________ holding cooking demonstrations and wine tastings too? We can create a kind of party atmosphere. A: OK, that sounds good. Now, have you had any further thoughts on the exhibition idea, William? C: Let’s do it. People are very interested in Aboriginal art these days. A: ________________________. An art exhibition will attract a lot of people. And now we should talk about trade promotion. 4

B. From the dialogue, choose the topics they discuss. art food and drink sports fashion tourism music C. Put the phrases from the conversation into these categories. Add any more you can think of. Giving suggestions Agreeing DisagreeingCCoompmyurniigchatt,ioDne,paRrMtUmTeLnt of SemesLtaenrgu1a/g2e0s20and Engaging Practice a conversation in groups. One person is the chairperson of the meeting and asks the attendees to suggest a topic for a problem-solution project. The rest give suggestions and discuss ideas, using the phrases you have learned and choose the best topic. 5