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Cellular andDimensionalBox kites and their derivatives comprise this three-dimensional style. The many variants include theHargrave, the triangular box kite with wings and theCody, a full box with upturned wings. Some cellular kitesare elaborate in their cell structures and sometimes havewings, fins and/or vanes. A number of cellular kites flowntogether on a line have the strength to lift heavy payloads.



Soft andFlexibleSoft and Flexible: These kites do not have a frame butthey become semi-rigid when their multiple cells fill withair. To maintain their form, they frequently have manybridle lines. Some large soft kites develop enough pull tolift heavy objects, including motor vehicles.



DeltaThis triangular-shaped kite is named for and resemblesthe fourth letter of the Greek alphabet Invented by NASA,a delta kite can flex and adjust to changes in the wind.The keel holds the spine straight and rigid. The abilityto automatically adjust to changes in wind force anddirection makes a delta a good beginner’s kite as well asa favorite of experienced fliers.



FightersFighter kites are flown for sport in variousparts of Asia. Indian fighter kites are diamond shaped,have a two- or three-point bridle and are made of tissuepaper and bamboo. Flown and controlled with one flyingline, fighter kites are considered by many to be the kitesthat require the greatest amount of skill to fly. Pulling onthe line allows the spreader to flex causing the kite to flyin the direction it’s pointed. Releasing tension on the linereturns the kite to a flat, unstable shape causing it to spin.The skillful combination of pulling and releasing allows thepilot to direct the kite.



Trains andCentipedesJust like boxcars on a train, any number of kitescan be flown together, one behind the other, toform a train of kites. The flying line connects onekite to the next so they appear to be flying on acommon line. Trains can generate an enormousamount of pull since each kite adds a little bit tothe pull of the group.



ArchKites can be attached side-by-side to createan arch of kites where each end is anchoredto the ground. Some arches have a theme,others have each kite display a letter in aword or phrase. Whether they have a fewsails or hundreds of sails, arches are a verydramatic way to display kites.



SLEDWhen this style of simple, flexible kite made its maidenflight in the early 1950s, its inventor, William Allison,noted what a great “flexible flier” it was. Since thatalso happened to be the name of a popular snow sled,he dubbed his kite a “sled kite.” A sled kite flies so wellthat it is a good project for kite workshops. It can beconstructed of paper, fabric or plastic and in varioussizes and configurations.



Here is your reward ofcompleting our trainings, the Peanut Badge! Congratulations! Future Kite Master!

Thank You!! And hope to see you soon in theSingapore Kite Festival! We will be there waiting for you!



MR CAREY MISS JOY Chapter Two



KiteFlying It is fun and easy to fly a kite



Why Kite Fly? There are totally four main parts why kite fly !Part 1 – Lift, Drag, and GravityPart 2 – A Kite is effectedby thrust, drag and by gravityPart 3 – DihedralPart 4 – Flight Stability

Planes don’t need any wind to fly above the sky!LIFT, DRAG, AND GRAVITY I need moving airA kite and airplanes are heavier-than-air object that (Wind) to flyare own by the lift created by air in motion overtheir wings.An airplane relies on thrust from itsengines.A kite is tethered in place and needs movingair (wind) to y.

KITE There are many possible kite shapes. Each of WIND these shapes, and how they use their aerodynamic features (either built in or added on) will determine if or how it ies. Wind moving across the sail of a kite creates pressure. Lift results from this wind pressure being de ected along the face of the kite. In other words, the wind pushes up on the kite. Think of wind pressure like a hand, pushing the kite up into the sky and holding it there. If the hand is removed, the kite will fall. At the same time, wind passing over the top of the kite creates an area of low pressure, like a vacuum, along the back of the kite.This creates a pull from behind. See,Wind pressure is like my hand, pushing the kite up into the sky and holding it there.

CENTER LIFTDRAG ANGLE GRAVITY

A kite is effected by thrust,drag and by gravity.Drag is created by wind resistance on the kite'ssurface (and tail). Drag can also result fromturbulence behind the kite. Gravity is thedownward force created by the weight of the kite.Thrust is the power of the wind which creates lift.To y, a kite needs to have enough lift toovercome gravity and drag.All of these forces - lift, drag, gravity, and thethrust of the wind come together in the kite at aplace called the center of pressure .And notsurprisingly, that's where you tie your kite string.We call this special place the tow point.By moving the pace your string is attached to thekite on the bridle line, you can change the amountof lift that is created.You do this by changing whatwe call the angle of attack .This is the angle thatthe kite leans into the wind.

KITEWINDPRESUREHERE CREATES EQUILIBRIUM Dihedral I am pretending to be anThe one other thing that is important in understanding ight is something called dihedral .This is a special Unbalanced Kite!word from geometry that describes the angle formedwhen two wings come together.The dihedral angle of a kites wings helps the kite ysmoothly. If the wings lean back at the same angle, thenthe wind pushes equally on both wings. If one side ofthe kite begins to turn further into the wind, then thewind will push harder on that side until the kitebecomes stable again. So with a proper dihedral anglebuilt into the kite's design, it will y properly balancedin the sky.We call that equilibrium.

flight stabilityProperly balancing the dihedral of the kite, the towpoint of the bridle, and even a varying amount of tailwill affect the stability of your kite along the vertical(Yaw), lateral (Pitch) and longitudinal (Roll) axes. Yaw (Vertical Axes) Turns ToYaw is the rotating action about a kite's vertical axis.This is the imaginary line that goes from the groundup through the kite into the sky.The kite turns tothe right or left, just like an airplane turns from theright or the left as you watch it from the ground.If the tow point is too far forward, or if the kite isnot properly balanced, it may start sliding or rotating. To correct the problem: the right and the left1.Try moving the tow point back2. Check the kite for balance3.Try adding tail (drag at the bottom of the kite).

Pitch (Lateral Axes)Pitch is the rotating action about a kite's lateralaxis.This is another imaginary line. On anairplane, you can think of the wings as thelateral axis. If a kite has a poor bridle, orinadequate sticks, the wind can distort its shapeand create a apping or pitching motion. To correct the problem:1.Add more bridle lines to balance the wind pressure around the kite.2. Use stronger sticks for spreader. think Winds as the lateral axis

Wing lifts higher and Roll (Longitudinal Axes) Roll is the rotating action about a kite's longitudinal axis. On an airplane, this would be the imaginary line through the body or fuselage.When an airplane, or kite, rolls, one wing lifts higher and the other is lowered. A at kite will be unstable and will tend to dip to one side or the other to reduce pressure on the sails. To correct the problem: 1. Move the tow point forward. 2.Add more tail to the kite. 3. Bow the kite to create a dihedral.the other is lowered

Where to fly a kite?A good location is free from obstructions with no trees, power lines, airports,cars, buildings, cyclists, skaters or pedestrians.The best places include largeopen elds, parks,hilltops and beaches.No trees No Power lines No Airport No CarsNo Buildings No cyclists No skaters No pedestrians

Parks, fields and beaches such as this onehave clear access to the wind with few obstacles.

I should have follow the Kite Safety Lists, now OUCH! IT HURTS! Kite safetyIf we are courteous and use common sense,everyone can enjoy the sport and art of kitingwhile avoiding damage and injury. Fly your kitewhere it will not cause a hazard to yourself orothers. Kites should be own in an open area,away from people, roads, and obstructions.Since kites and kite lines can be dangerous,safety should always be your primary concern.Be aware of the wind and your environment. Ifthere is ever any question of safety, y the kitein another location or on another day.

To fly safely, remember to follow the safty list:To y safely, remember these important points:• Never fly your kite near power lines. If your kite becomes tangled in power lines, leave it there and notify your electric company of the situation• Never fly near cars• Never fly near an airport and avoid flying your kite too high or allow it near air traffic• Never fly in stormy weather or when a storm is approaching• Never fly over people and always keep a safe distance from other people• Avoid trees (they eat kites!)• Keep your kite under control, never unattended• The most frequent injury during kite flying is sunburn. Be sure to protect yourself from the sun with a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Useful tip NoteYou can prevent problems by restricting the A frequent injury during kite flying is a cutlength of the flying line. Make it shorter than or burn from the kite line. Do not allowthe distance to the nearest obstacle! the line to zip through your fingers. Protect your hands by wearing gloves.If your kite line gets stuck in a tree, releasethe tension and disconnect the line fromthe kite and remove them separately. Donot climb the tree.

Evaluating the wind Now that you know most things about kite, Now you need to know about wind! “The best conditions are smooth, steady winds without changes in direction or speed.” – Mr Carey Is There enough wind?Most kites y when the wind speed is between 4 and 15MPH. Choose a day to y kites based on the wind. Don'texpect the wind will t your schedule! It is important toknow your kite and to know the current conditions becausesome kites are designed for low winds or no wind (indoors)while others are designed for high winds.

Is There enough wind? MPH Km/H Knots Wind Speed Name Good conditions? 0 0 0 Characteristics Calm Too little 1–3 2–5 1–3 Smoke rises vertically 4–7 6 – 11 4–6 Calm Too little8 – 12 12 – 19 7 – 10 Smoke drifts13 – 18 20 – 29 11 – 16 Leaves rustle Light YES!19 – 24 30 – 39 17 – 21 Leaves Dance25 – 31 40 – 50 22 – 27 Trees toss, dust ies Gentle YES! Small trees sway Large branches sway Moderate YES! Fresh Too much Strong Too muchRemember that the wind speed changes Gust alertwith altitude. Higher winds are oftenfound at higher altitudes.Changes in wind speed are worse than changes indirection.A sudden increase in speed, called a gust, cansnap a ying line that would otherwise work well. Adrop in speed can quickly ground a kite and if you arenot careful the kite can land on a road, in a tree or inthe water.

Smooth Wind Not Strong WindMany people believe that strong winds provide ideal conditions for kites.This is not true!Wind ows in waves of varying speed and direction.That means, depending upon where youtry to y your kite, you may not nd enough wind or the turbulence may be too great foryour kite to y well. Turbulence results in a bumpy ight and decreases the speed of the wind,which often hinders the launching of a kite.Scout the lay of the land before you launch your kite.A ground obstruction blocks smoothwind from the kite.When the wind reaches an obstruction, it ows over and around it,causing turbulence on the downwind side for a considerable distance.Trees, shrubbery, a hillor a building cause turbulence far downwind by as much as seven times the height of theobstruction.If your kite is held too close, even your body could block the wind. Gust alert

When the wind reaches an obstructions, it ows over and around it, causing turbulence.To nd smooth wind you must nd a large at area without obstructions or y your kite high enough toavoid turbulence.

Evaluating the Wind DirectionIn preparation for launch you should alwaysdetermine the wind direction.This will helpyou to choose an appropriate anchorposition, launch your kite successfully and ythe kite safely.The wind direction isimportant because many ying locations getsmooth wind from one direction andturbulent wind from another.There are manysignals that will tell you the wind direction.The obvious ones are ags, banners, weathervanes, other kites, smoke and streamers.Another method is to feel the wind on yourface and hands.Turn your face in the wind tillthe sound of the wind is equally strong inboth your ears. Some less obvious methodsinclude carefully watching hair, the leaves ona tree or swaying grass. Some people drop afew grains of sand or a few blades of grass tosee which way they blow.

Evaluating tipsUseful tip 1 Keep in mind that the wind changes direction and intensity.The local weather forecast may give you an idea of what to expect. Some days there are only minor changes; occasionally there are 180-degree wind shifts!Useful tip 2 When people describe the wind direction, they state the direction of the source of the wind. For example, some people say \"From the North\" or they just call it \"North wind.\"Useful tip 3 AKA member Archie Stewart says, \"If the wind's in your face, you're in the wrong place!\" You should have your back to the wind when ying a kite.

Launching a KiteThe challenge is to y your kite through the Photospoor and disturbed wind near the ground inand into the better wind above.The trick isto do it without changing the bridle and indesignaltering the angle of attack, if possible, sincea change may be unsuitable for the winds atthe higher elevation.Many people believe you must run with a kite to launch it.This is not true. If the wind is steadyand strong enough for your kite at ground level, you may launch your kite without taking asingle step.Those who run usually ignore the wind direction! Since airplanes take off into the wind, yourkite should too. Many accidents are caused by people who run with a kite while trying to keepan eye on it instead of watching where they are going.These runners may stumble, fall, or slam into something like a tree or a fellow kite ier — anencounter that is humiliating and painful. Even if the runner succeeds in pulling a kite into thesky, it will fall once they stop running unless the kite rises high enough to nd stronger wind.

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Let WindGo!Light wind launch Useful tip On days when the wind at ground level is too calm to launch Light Wind Bridle Adjustment a kite, a steady stream of air often ows above the trees and buildings. If you can place your kite into this upper layer of air, it could continue to y for hours, even when the wind dies down late in the afternoon. Achieve this by using a favorite trick of expert kite iers called a long line launch.

WindLong Line Launch Useful tipOne method of achieving a long line launch is to let out 100 to 200 Make sure your helper stands behindfeet (30-60 meters) of line. Have a helper hold the kite or prop it the kite.That way your helper doesn'tup against something so that it is facing you and facing the wind. get hit by the kite or tangled in theSignal your helper to let go of the kite, so it can rise naturally from bridles.Also, make sure your helpertheir hands.The helper should not throw the kite into the wind.As knows which end is up!they release the kite, stand still and pull in line quickly.Another method is to pull the line in rapidly while doing a shortsprint into the wind. In most cases, this burst of energy will forcethe kite to rise quickly and possibly climb into an upper air streamswift enough to sustain its ight.

Moderate wind launchOn days when the wind at ground level is strong enough tolaunch a kite you will nd it easy to launch the kite directly fromyour hands. Stand with your back to the wind. Hold the kite aloftso that it is facing you and catching the full force of the wind.Release the kite and pay out line steadily until the kite reaches astable altitude. If the wind does not carry the kite up immediately,the kite ier can take one or two steps backward and, at the sametime, pull steadily on the line.

Useful tip Heavy wind launchHeavy Wind Bridle Adjustment On days when the wind at ground level is very strong you will nd it easy to launch the kite directly from your hands. For larger kites it's extremely important to anchor your kite line.You may need gloves to protect your hands. It's important to watch your kite closely.Your kite may y well at a low altitude, but as it rises it may be overpowered by stronger or gusty wind.You can tell it's overpowered when it spins, loops and dives. It may be necessary to add a longer tail and adjust the bridle by moving the tow point toward the top of the kite 1/4\" at a time.

Launch If the kite will not rise:Trouble-Shooting Wind too weak Kite In Light windThe wind may be too weak to achieve the lift shift directionrequired to support the weight of the kite. Eatlunch then try again. The wind may have shifted direction while you were setting up. Change your position to assure you have your back to the wind. Obstructions Change bridleA tree or a structure could obstruct the The bridle may need to be changed because thewind.You also could be holding the kite too angle of attack may be too great or too small. Ifclosely and your body may be blocking the the kite does not climb, move the bridle pointwind. Do not throw the kite.Try the long line slightly higher.To steady the kite, move the bridlelaunch and allow the kite to rise smoothly. point slightly lower. Move it only one quarter of an inch at a time.

It is ok if you fail to rise a kite, here isthe useful solutions! bowing or Tail Kite In Light windIf a kite swings from side to side, consider Line too heavybowing the kite more and/or adding alonger tail. The line may be too heavy. In ight, this is usually indicated by a sag in the line. Switch to thinner line or wait for stronger wind. Symmetric Too much dragThe kite must be symmetric.That means that The kite may have too much drag because ofthe size and weight and exibility of the left too much tail or the tail is too heavy. Very oftenside must equal that of the right. Check it by a kite will need a longer tail to y in stronger exing the frame and dangle the kite from the winds.Try 7 times the length of the kite to start.bridle to see if it is balanced. If you need to improvise, strips of plastic garbage bags work well.

Flying your kiteThis is the part to enjoy! Some kites will y steadily,others may require constant attention.The BasicsAs your kite begins to rise steadily pay out lineto gain altitude. If the line slackens, take in line.Letting out line will allow the kite to go lowerand further away.Taking in line will bring yourkite higher and closer. I recommend you to wear gloves. So that you wouldn’t hurt your hand while flying a kite.