01 The Small Business Handbook Second Edition ZULU

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UMHLAHLANDLELAWAMABHIZINISIAMANCANE





OKUQUKETHWE A B AMAZWI OKUBONGA C AMAGALELO NETHIMBA ISINGENISO 1 23 ISAHLUKO 1 33 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE 41 55 ISAHLUKO 2 67 IZINHLAKA ZAMABHIZINISI 73 85 ISAHLUKO 3 ULWAZI OLUYISISEKELO NGEZOKWAZISA OLUQONDENE NAMABHIZINISI AMANCANE ISAHLUKO 4 UPHAWU LWENKAMPANI ISAHLUKO 5 UKUQWASHISA NGEZOKWAZISA NGENDLELA YEZOBUCHWEPHESHE ISAHLUKO 6 UBUHOLI ISAHLUKO 7 IZINKAMBISONHLE KWEZAMABHIZINISI ISAHLUKO 8 UKUQWASHISA NGEZINDABA ZABASEBENZI EMABHIZINISINI AMANCANEOKUQUKETHWE

ISAHLUKO 9 95IBBBEE 103 125ISAHLUKO 10 141EZEZIMALI 145 159ISAHLUKO 11 165UXHASOMALI 175 179ISAHLUKO 12 185IZINSELELE ZEBHIZINISI KANYE NOBUNGOZI OKUQUKETHWEISAHLUKO 13AMASU ASEMQOKA OMTHETHOWEZAMABHIZINISI OKUMELE UWAZIISAHLUKO 14UMTHETHO WEZOBUHLAKANIISAHLUKO 15UKUQWASHISA NGOKUBUNJWA KOHLELOLWEBHIZINISIISAHLUKO 16AMAKHONO OKWENZA IZETHULOISAHLUKO 17UKUHLINZEKELA AMAKHASIMENDEIMITHOMBO

AMAZWI OKUBONGA Le ncwadi beyingeke ibe yimpumelelo, ngaphandle kokwesekwa nokuxhaswa yi-P&G South Africa. Khululiwe Mabaso ngibonga kakhulu ngokungivulela leli thuba. Le ncwadi ivele ngenxa yokwesekelwa umndeni, abangane kanye nozakwethu. Ngithanda ukubonga abantu abalandelayo: · Ithimba eliphuma phambili omsebenzi walo kanye nokuzinikela kwenze lokhu kwaba yimpumelelo: Themba Ndlangisa; Carina Le Grange noStephen Shange. · Umndeni wami omangalisayo: Umama wami othandekayo kanye nengizalana nabo: Sibusisiwe Mzobe; Thandeka; Sthe; Dee; Nana; Mthoko & Nsindi. Niyibabongeleli bami abaqenqeleza phambili. · Abangani bami abangigqugquzela ukuthi ngibhale le ncwadi baphinda bafaka isandla ngokungipha izimvo, ukungikhombisa indlela kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi. Ngithanda ukubalula uNtombenhle Khathwane, Anele Mkuzo, Eugenie Drakes, Pumulani Ncube, Francisco Vicente, Belinda Nyakowa, Tsitsi Mabeza kanye noPat Masithela ngokukhethekile. · Osomabhizinisi, engithole ithuba lokuhlangana nabo eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Bengingeke ngigqugquzeleke ukubhala le ncwadi ukuba beningekho. · I-GIBS Enterprise Academy Team – ngokungipha ithuba lokusebenzisana nosomabhizinisi abasohlelweni lwenu. AAMAZWI OKUBONGA

AMAZWI OKUBONGA

AMAGALELO KANYE NETHIMBA“ UMA UFUNA UKUSHESHA, HAMBA WEDWA. UMA UFUNA UKUYA KUDE, HAMBANI NDAWONYE - Isaga Sase-Afrika Umbhali uNokwazi ufundele futhi wasebenza imisebenzi enhlobonhlobo. Uchithe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili emsebenzini wakhe esebenzela amazwe amabili kwezokuthuthwa kwempahla, ezozwazisa kanye nezezimali, futhi enikezwe amajoka ezimakethe ezinhlobonhlobo ezise-Middle East nase-Afrika. UNokwazi une-BA yase-Hult International Business School (enamakhampasi aseBoston, e-USA naseShanghai, eChina), lapho ayegxile Kwezosomabhizinisi; i-Bachelor of Science Honours degree yezifundo ze-psychology eNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand kanye ne-B Sc ye-cell biology and psychology eNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali. Unesitifiketi sokuphathwa kwamaqhingasu sase-Global Innovation Management Institute. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wakhe wosuku ophakathi kwehora lesishiyagalolunye kuya kwelesihlanu, uNokwazi uyilungu lethrasti i-National Children and Violence Trust esebenza emiphakathini enjengayaseDiepsloot naseZandspruit. Usiza abafundi bebanga le-10 Ngezibalo esikoleni i-Ivory Park Secondary High. Ungumsunguli nomqondisi ongumphathi weMatoyana.Nokwazi Mzobe – Umbhali Umphathi Wamaphrojekthi Omncane uthole iziqu ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka eFort Cox College of Agriculture and Forestry. Uneziqu eziyi-National Diploma Kwezolimo, ugxile kwezamabhizinisi ezolimo. UThemba wathatha igxathu elikhulu ngokushiya ikhaya lakhe eMpumalanga Kapa ukuze aye kojoyina leli bhizinisi elisaqalwa eGoli futhi uma ebuzwa ukuthi wakwenziwa yini lokhu, uthe: “Ukuthuthukisa umphakathi selokhu kusenhliziyweni (ngayo yonke indlela). Kwathathwa ngokuthi amazwi athi “ngayo yonke indlela” abandakanya ukuthuthukisa osomabhizinisi. Amakhono kaThemba kwezamabhizinisi angelinganiswe, futhi wenze umsebenzi omkhulu wokugcina ithimba lisebenza ngokufanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi le ncwadi iphela ngesikhathi.Themba Ndlangisa – Umphathi Wamaphrojekthi Omncane BAMAGALELO NETHIMBA

I-Graphic Designer uStephen uyi-digital/graphic designer eqinisekisiwe ezinze eGoli, enothando futhi enentshisekelo yokwakha imidwebo emihle ye-graphic and multimedia. Uhlala elangazalele ukusebenzisana nabantu abafuna ukusebenzisa amakhono akhe ukuze baphumelele emigomweni yamabhizinisi abo ngokusebenzisa izisombululo zemidwebo yobuciko. Ubungcweti bakhe busukela kwi-graphic yasemandulo kanye nemidwebo ye-UX/UI, amagama okubonakala ngawo amabhizinisi kanye negama lebhizinisi, kanjalo nezipho zebhizinisi kanye nemidwebo yendlela yezobuchwepheshe.Stephen Shange – I-Graphic Designer Umhleli Wemibhalo uCarina ungomunye wesizukulwane sakamuva esikhuthele ngokwedlulele- uhlala ematasatasa, kodwa wamukela ukukhula ebe eqhubeka nokufunda. Ukhuthazwa ukusebenzisana nentsha yaseNingizimu Afrika ehlala iqhamuka namasu amasha ngamagalelo ayo emnothweni waseNingizimu Afrika. Umlando wakhe wezemfundo ubandakanya uthando lokufunda izincwadi, idiploma yokufundisa (Durban College of Education, eseyavalwa), iziqu ze-BA (Hons) zesiBhunu nesiDutch (eNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand), kanye nokuqhubeka nemfundo ngokusebenzisa ama-MOOCs- massive open online courses (ukufunda ku-inthanethi okuvulelekile)- ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene. Emuva komsebenzi wakhe wokuqala okwakungowokuphendula izingcingo wasebenza kumitapoyolwazi kahulumeni kanye nasebhange waze waba yintatheli. Okuphuma phambili emlandweni wakhe womsebenzi ukusebenzela uMbhishobhu omkhulu uDesmond Tutu no-Dokt. Beyers Naudé ngeminyaka yeziphithiphithi eMkhandlwini Wamabandla waseNingizimu Afrika ngowe-1980. Wasebenza nasemaphephandabeni i-The Star, i-SAPA kanye ne-ThisDay (amabili angasekugcineni asavalwa), i-Die Burger, kanye namanye amaphephandaba. Kwathi uma esephoqeleka ukuthi athathe umhlalaphansi wasebenza ngokuzimele: esebenza ngamagama. Phezu kwalokho, uzinikele ngokusiza abafundi emkhakheni kwezemfundo ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi ngaphandle kwenkokhelo, okubandakanya ukuba umfundisi wezingane eziguliswa isifo se- autism nokusiza abafundi ngomsebenzi wasekhaya enhlanganweni yezingane zamantombazane ezihlala emgwaqweni.Carina Le Grange – Umhleli WemibhaloSithanda ukubonga bonke abacwaningi abasebenza ngokuzimele / ababhali abasebenza ababe negalelo eZahlukweniZezokwazisa, Igama Lenkampani kanye Nezokwazisa Ngendlela Yobuchwepheshe kanye no-B. Tembe osize ngocwaningoezahlukweni eziphathelene nomthetho. B AMAGALELO NETHIMBA

ISINGENISO“ NGINESIQINISEKO SOKUTHI INGXENYE YALOKHO OKUHLUKANISA OSOMABHIZINISI ABAPHUMELELE KULABO ABANGAPHUMELELE WUKUBEKEZELA KUPHELA. Steve Jobs, Omunye Wabasunguli futhi Obeyisikhulu Esiphezulu se-Apple Ukuqhuba ibhizinisi akulula. Akuguquki lokho. Kodwa uma unezinsiza ezifanele, indima yokwakha ibhizinisi lakho ingaba ngcono kakhulu. Uma ngibheka emuva esikhathini (esifishane kakhulu) engisichithe ngiwusomabhizinisi, bengihlala ngifisa ukuthi kwakunomthombo owodwa, otholakala kalula engingathola izimpendulo emibuzweni yami noma izixazululo ezinkingeni, noma okungenani ngikhonjiswe indlela efanele okumele ngiyilandele. Yilokho okungigqugquzele ukuthi ngibhale le ncwadi. Le ncwadi iyinsiza ongayisebenzisa, njengomnikazi webhizinisi kanye nosomabhizinisi osafufusa, ukuze uyibheke lapho udinga imibono yokubhekana nezinkinga ezithile ebhizinisini lakho. Okungaba ukuthi ungasakha kanjani isimo sokuba nezinkambisonhle ebhizinisini, ngokuqonda amasu ezinhlobo zamabhizinisi (ingeniso) ahlukahlukene. Asethembisi ukuba nezixazululo zayo yonke into, kodwa sethemba ukuthi sizokuhlinzeka ngemibono yokuthi ungaqalaphi futhi sikubonise indlela efanele okumele uyithathe. Cishe eminyakeni emibili edlule, ngaba senhlanhleni yokulalela inkulumo kasomabhizinisi waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nomxhasi wamabhizinisi asaqala. Wayeluleka osomabhizinisi ngendlela yokuhlela nokuphatha amabhizinisi abo amancane nempumelelo. Washo izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ngalolo suku ezahlala emqondweni wami. CISINGENISO

Washo into eyagxila kimi. Waveza ukuthi iningi lethu (abanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane) sivame ukusebenza nokuzabalaza sisodwa. Yingakho indlela yempumelelo yosomabhizinisi ivame ukuba wumqansa. Iseluleko sakhe kulokhu kwaba ukuthi abanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane kumele bayeke ukusebenza bodwa, bayeke ukuguqula osekukhona, futhi bathole izindlela zokwenza okulandelayo: • UKUSEBENZISA UBUNGCWETI BABANYE ABANTU • UKUSEBENZISA IZINSIZA ZABANYE ABANTU • UKUSEBENZISA IMPAHLA YABANYE ABANTU, KANYE; • NOKUTHATHA IMIQONDO YABANYE ABANTU. Ngokuzibandakanya kule ncwadi, uzokwazi ukuphumelela ukwenza lokhu okune okungenhla. Okuqukethwe kuwumphumela wokufunda isikhathi eside okungamahora nezinyanga, ucwaningo kanye nokudidiyelwa kolwazi olutholakale emithonjeni nasemibhalweni eshicilelwe enhlobonhlobo. Akusiyo incwadi yezamabhizinisi- kodwa insiza yokweluleka ongayisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Sethemba ukuthi izoba wusizo olukhulu kuwe nasebhizinisini lakho.“ IMPUMELELO IYINDLELA, HHAYI INDAWO OPHOKOPHELE KUYO. UKWENZA KUVAME UKUBALULEKA NGAPHEZU KOMPHUMELA. - U-Arthur Ashe C ISINGENISO

ISAHLUKO 1UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHE 1UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

2UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHELuyini ucwaningo lwezimakethe?Ucwaningo lwezimakethe luyinqubo yokuqoqa ulwazi oluzokusiza ekhanyiseleke ngokuqhubekayo ukuzeukwazi ukuqonda imakethe yakho kangcono, namakhasimende kanye nendawo ibhizinisi lakho elisebenzelakuyo.Kungani kudingeka wenze ucwaningo lwemakethe? Umthelela OMUHLE ongawulindela, uma wenzaUkuze uthathe izinqumo unolwazi! ucwaningo lwezimakethe: Ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwezimakethe akusiwo 1 Ukuthuthukisa indlela oqonda ngayo umsebenzi owenziwa kube kanye kuphela. izimakethe kanye namakhasimende akho Ngenkathi ibhizinisi lakho likhula futhi liguquka, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlale ubukeza imininingwane2 Kukusiza ukuze uhlonze amakhasimende engahluziwe yemakethe yakho, oncintisana nabo namathuba amasha kanye namakhasimende ngoba ahlala eshintsha. Kumele uhlale wazi kuqala ngezitayela noshintsho3 Ulwazi olungahluziwe lungase lukusize ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi awusileli emuva. ukuze uqhube ibhizinisi lakho kangcono Umthelela wokwenza lokhu ngokufanele kumele ube nemiphumela elandelayo:4 Kukusiza ukuze wazi futhi uqonde oncintisana nabo kangcono 1 Wakha umsebenzi noma umkhiqizo ofanele,5 Ukuthatha izinqumo ngamanani, ohlangabezana kakhulu nezidingo nezikhangiso kanye nemisebenzi yokwazisa zamakhasimende akho okumele uyisebenzise 2 Umisa ibhizinisi lakho endaweni6 Kungakongela imali eningi elilungele kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoba: 3 Usungula uhlelo lwebhizinisi6.1 Uzoqonda kangcono ngalokho olugculisayo okufunwa amakhasimende akho 4 Amanani akho aba ngafanele6.2 Uzohlola izimakethe ezintsha kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ungene kuzo 5 Wenza amakhasimende azizwele6.3 Uzokwazi ukuhlola kuqala ukuthi ephatheke kahle futhi ethole ngabe isu lizosebenza noma cha. umsebenzi oseqophelweni eliphezulu kakhulu 3UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UYAWAZI AMAKHASIMENDE AKHO (ABANTU OQONDISE IBHIZINISI LAKHO KUBO)?Ngaphambi kokuba uqale noma oluphi ucwaningo, kumele uqinisekise ukuthi uyawazi amakhasimende akho.Ibhizinisi limayelana namakhasimende akho. Alikho mayelana nawe noma umkhiqizo wakho. Ibhizinisi lakholinamathuba angcono okuphumelela uma umsebenzi owuhlinzekayo noma imikhiqizo wakho wakhelweukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende akho. Lokhu ungakwenza ngokwenza okulandelayo: 1 Ukuvama ukuxhumana namakhasimende akho2 Ukuqonda lokho amakhasimende akho akuthandayo, angakuthandi, akufunayo, akudingayo kanye nezinkinga zawo.3 Ukwenza ucwaningo Incazelo: Abantu oqondise ibhizinisi lakho kubo kushiwo iqoqo lamakhasimende ibhizinisi eliqondise kuwo imikhiqizo nemisebenzi ehlinzekwayo. source: i-small business encyclopedia 4 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHEUlwenza kanjani ucwaningo?Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuqoqa ulwazi. Ungenza Ucwaningo Oluyisisekelo noma Ucwaningo Oluthathelwe!Yini Ucwaningo Oluyisisekelo?Lolu wucwaningo olusha, olwenziwa kusukela ‘ekuqaleni’, olwenziwa ukuze kuqoqwe izimpendulo zemibuzoethile, noma ukuthola okusha. Lolu hlobo locwaningo ludinga ukuthi uphume uye kobonisana nabantuoqondise ibhizinisi lakho kubo noma isihloko osidingidayo. Lwenziwa kanjani ucwaningo oluyisisekelo? Uma ulwazi oludingayo lungatholakali kungase kudingeke ukuthi uzenzele olwakho ucwaningo oluyisisekelo. Ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lungenziwa ngezindlela ezinhlobonhlobo. Indlela oyikhethayo izoncika kuhlobo lolwazi noma izimpendulo ozifunayo, kanjalo nemali ekhona. 1 Amaphephambuzo ocwaningo lwezimakethe Wenza njani uma kukhona ofuna ukukuphendula? Ubuza umbuzo. Sibuza imibuzo nsukuzonke, kodwa njengosomabhizinisi abancane asivamile ukubuza imibuzo eyanele ezosisiza ukuze siwaqonde kangcono amakhasimende ethu, noma sizitholele izimpendulo ukuze sikwazi ukuthuthukisa indlela ibhizinisi lethu eliqhubekayo ngayo. Amaphephambuzo ayindlela ebalulekile nesebenzayo yokuqoqa ulwazi kumakhasimende onawo noma ongase uwathole. Yingakho eyindlela evame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni. Iphephambuzo lihlala likunika ithuba lokuthola ulwazi ngezihloko ezinhlobonhlobo, isibonelo: - Indlela yokuklama inani lomkhiqizo noma lomsebenzi owuhlinzekayo - Ukuthi ngabe abantu bazoyisebenzisa noma bazoyikhokhela imikhiqizo noma imisebenzi oyihlinzekayo - Indlela abantu ababhekana ngayo nezinkinga ezithile ofuna ukuzixazulula Amaphephambuzo asetshenziswa kuzinkulumompendulwano ezenziwa kubhekenwe ngeziqu zamehlo, amaqoqo kanye nangezinkulumompendulwano eziqhutshwa ngocingo, noma nge-inthanethi, noma nge-imeyli noma ngocwaningo olubhaliwe. 5UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

2 Ucwaningo lwezimakethe Oluqhutshwa nge-inthanethi Kungani kumele Akusiza ukuze ufinyelele kubantu abaningi abasezindaweni ezihlukene. usebenzise Kunciphisa izindleko: izindleko zincane uma kuqhathaniswa nocwaningo lwendlela akudala. Kukusiza ukuze ugxile kumakhasimendeamawebhusayithi oqondise ibhizinisi lakho kube- kuncike ekutheni usebenzisaaku-inthanethi? maphi amawebhusayithi emithombo yokuxhumana. Ungathola imiphumela esheshayo kanye neminingwane eqoqiwe ngoba amanye amawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngocwaningo lwamagrafu ngemiphumela etholakele. Lulungele ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni olulula noma kumaphephambuzo amade.Izindleko zizokwahlukana, kuncike ekutheni ufuna ukwenzani Izindleko kanye nesabelomali sakho. Kodwa ucwaningo lwezimakethe olwenziwa nge-inthanethi lubiza kangconywana uma luqhathaniswa nezindlela zakudala zokwenza ucwaningo. Isikhathi Isikhathi sokubhala imibuzo yocwaningo beseesidingekayo uyithumele nge-imeyli noma kumawebhusayithi ezinkundla zokuxhumana.SurveyMonkey: www.surveymonkey.com Izinsiza eziphumaFree Online Surveys: www.freeonlinesurveys.com phambiliGoogle Forms: www.google.com/forms/aboutZoho Survey: www.zoho.com/survey ongazizama! 6 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHE 3 Amaqoqo Ababambiqhaza Amaqoqo Iqoqo elikhulu lilungele okulandelayo: ababambiqhaza - Ukuthola ulwazi olubanzi kumalungu eqoqo lababambiqhaza asetshenziselwani? lakho labantu oqondise ibhizinisi lakho kubo - Ukuthola izimpendulo ngomkhiqizo, umsebenzi owuhlinzekayo noma ngombuzo othile. Amaqoqo ababambiqhaza angabiza noma imalini futhi lokhu Izindlekokuzohlukahlukana kuncike ekutheni, isibonelo, udinga ukuqasha indawo yokuhlanganyela; ukukhokhela iqoqo lababambiqhaza ngandlela thize; nokusebenzisa umcwaningi onguchwepheshe. Isikhathi Kuzodingeka uchithe isikhathi uhlonza futhi uqoqaesidingekayo abantu abazozibandakanya ocwaningweni, isikhathi sokuqhuba ucwaningo lweqoqo lababambiqhaza, kanye nokucubungula okulandela ucwaningo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olubanzi ngokuhlela amaqoqo ababambiqhaza, vakashela amawebhusayithi alandelayo: http://www.wikihow.com/Run-a-Focus-Group http://managementhelp.org/businessresearch/focus-groups.htm 7UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

Luqhutshwa Isigaba 1: Beka umgomo ocacile ozodingidwa engxoxweni yeqoqo kanjani ucwaningo lababambiqhaza. Isigaba 2: Didiyela imibuzo ozoyibuza uma sekuhlangenwe. Le lweqoqo mibuzo mayingeqi kwemihlanu noma eyisithupha.lababambiqhaza? Isigaba 3: Hlelela lo mhlangano ngokufanele ngokumisa okulandelayo: - Usuku, isikhathi, ubude: Khetha usuku ngokubonisana nababambiqhaza ukuze bakwazi ukuba khona. Ubude bomhlangano bubalulekile: ngokujwayelekile ihora elilodwa nohhafu livame ukwanela. - Indawo: Khetha indawo efanele, kuyancomeka ukuthi kube ngenemishini yokuzwa nokubona, okuthulekile kuyo, futhi okuyindawo abantu abazizwela bekhululekile kuyo. Ungakhohlwa okokubamba umoya. - I-ajenda: Qinisekisa ukuthi une-ajenda ecacile, futhi uyinike iqoqo lababambiqhaza ngaphambi kokuba uqale. Iphuzu eliku-ajenda ngalinye kumele libekelwe isikhathi ukuze uqinisekise ukugcinwa isikhathi. - Imithetho eyisisekelo: Hlonipha abanye abantu, gxila, ungasuki esihlokweni futhi ulandele uhlelo nesikhathi esimisiwe. - Isibalo sababambiqhaza: Kunokuba kube yiqoqo elikhulu, makube yiqoqwana elincane futhi ubambe imihlangano eminingana. Isibalo sabantu eqoqweni ngalinye kunconywa ukuthi kube u-6 kuya ku-10. - Isabelomali: Lungisa isabelomali sakho ngaphambilini ngoba yiso esisonquma ukuthi ungabamba imihlangano yamaqoqo ababambiqhaza emingakhi. Ezindlekweni kumele ungakhohlwa ukuhlinzeka ngonsumbulwane noma isipho esincane ozosipha ababambiqhaza. Isigaba 4: Ukuhlonza ababambiqhaza abazoba semaqoqweni ababambiqhaza bese ubameme. Isigaba 5: Ukuthola ozokusiza njengomshayeli womhlangano. Isigaba 6: Nquma ngendlela yokuqoqa noma yokugcina imininingwane. Kungangcono, ukusebenzisa isiqophamazwi. 8 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHE 4 Ucwaningo Ucwaningo Ucwaningo lubalulekile uma ibhizinisi lakho selisebenza futhi ufunalwenziwelani? ukuthola izimvo zamakhasimende akho ngalokho abhekane nakho ngomkhiqizo wakho noma ngomsebenzi owuhlinzekayo. Ngicabanga ukuthi uke uzibone ezinye izinhlelokusebenza nama-ISP ecele uwaphendule ngokwenza ucwaningo emuva kokuzisebenzisa nalokho obhekane nakho emisebenzini eyihlinzekayo.Ucwaningo kungenzeka lumbe eqolo, kuncike ekutheni Izindleko hlobo luni locwaningo olwenzayo, ubude balo, kanyenokuthi uyazenzela noma uqasha abantu abazolwenza. Isikhathi Uma konke kuhlelwe kahle, kumele luthathe isikhathiesidingekayo esincane ngoba ucwaningo ngokuvamile alubandakanyi imibuzo eminingi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi: nge-inthanethi, Ulwenza kanjaningezinkundla zokuxhumana, nge-imeyli, ngokuthumela imiyalezo. ucwaningo? ngokushaya ucingo noma ngezinkulumompendulwano, noma amafomu ezimvo zamakhasimende. 9UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

5 Ukuqapha Ukuqapha kungenye yezindlela zokwenza ucwaningo. Yindlela yokuqoqa ulwazi olunhlobonhlobo umaklayenti akho, namakhasimende akho noma abantu oncintisana nabo, elula nenciphisa izindleko- ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabo ngqo.Yini engabangela ukuthi Kubalulekile uma kudingeka ukuthi ubone umkhuba womphakathi uhlole ngokubona? noma indlela yokuziphatha, noma ufuna ukubala okuthile. Njengesibalo sabantu abagqoka uhlobo oluthile lwamateku noma abashayela uhlobo oluthile lwemoto. Noma ukuthola ukuthi abantu bathenga kanjani- noma ukuthi amabhizinisi athile asebenza kanjani.Izindleko Izindleko zincane njengoba lokhu ngokujwayelekile kungabandakanya wena uqobo noma abasebenzi bakho ukuthi bahlale futhi baqaphe ngokubona umsebenzi othile noma indlela yokuziphatha ethile futhi kuqoshwe lokho okuqashiwe. Isikhathi Kuncike kulokho okuqaphayo, lokhu kungathatha isikhathiesidingekayo esisukela ehoreni kuya esibalweni sezinsuku. Izindlela Ukuthungatha Indawo: kubalulekile uma ubheke ukuvulazokuqapha ibhizinisi endaweni ethile. Ungaya endaweni ukuze uboneezahlukene ukuthi ngabe indawo igcwele abantu abahamba ngezinyawo noma cha. Ukuthenga ngendlela eyimfihlo: indlela esetshenziswa kwezokudayisa, ebandakanya umthengi-mbumbulu oqapha izindlela zokuziphatha ezithile noma ohlola ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ethile. 10 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHELuyini ucwaningo oluthathelwe?Ucwaningo oluthathelwe lubandakanya imininingwane ekhona noma ucwaningoolwenziwe umuntu othile. Yize lubizwa ngokuthi ucwaningo oluthathelwe luyindawoenhle OKUNGAQALWA kuyo uma kwenziwa ucwaningo. Ngale ndlela, ukwazi ukubonaokukhona ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi kanye nezinsiza zakhongokwenza ucwaningo ngento olwazi lwayo seluvele lukhona.Ucwaningo olukhona ungalutholaphi?Leli khuluminyaka alibizwa ngesikhathi solwazi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ulwazilugcwele yonke indawo futhi lutholakala kalula- uma ufuna ezindaweni ezifanelenoma ukhuluma nabantu abakuzungezile. QALA KU-INTHANETHI: 1 Funa amajenali emboni aku-inthanethi; imibhalo eshicilelwe izinkampani ezingabaxhumanisi; amawebhusayithi ezinkampani; amaphephandaba aku-inthanethi namabhuku kanye nemibhalo eshicilelwe amanyuvesi. IMITHOMBO ENGAXHUNYIWE KU-INTHANETHI: 2 Uma ungayikhonzile i-inthanethi, iya kuemtapowolwazi noma esitolo sezincwadi njengase-Exclusive Books noma e-CNA ukuze uthole izincwadi, amajenali emboni, amaphephandaba kanye namabhuku. IZINKUNDLA ZOKUXHUMANA: 3 Uma ungumuntu ochitha isikhathi esiningi kuzinkundla zokuxhumana njengami, cabanga ngokulandela okubhalwe kwashicilelwa kanye nezinhlangano ezisemqoka ku-Facebook, ku-Twitter noma ku-LinkedIn. Ngithole ucwaningo olubalulekile nolumangalisayo - olubhalwe izinkampani ezicwaningayo, abantu kanye nezinkampani engizilandelayo. 11UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

Imithombo eyethembekile (engambi eqolo) ongayibheka uma uhlela ukwenza ucwaningo oluthathelwe:Ucwaningo luyabiza, futhi esikhathini esiningi kumele ukhokhe ukuze uthole ulwazi oluphumaezinhlanganweni ezenza ucwaningo. Kodwa esigabeni esilandelayo uzothola imithombo eyethembekileyokufuna ulwazi- esethemba ukuthi, izobiza kancane noma ingakukhokhisi nhlobo.Ukuzikhulula: Lonke ulwazi olwabiwe ngezansi lwatholakala kuJulayi 2016, ngakho kungenzeka kube noshintsho umasewungena kumawebhusayithi.1 I-Stats SA (Statistics South Africa) www.statsa.gov.za I-Statistics South Africa iwumnyango kahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika obhekele ukuqhuba ucwaningo kanye nokushicilela izibalo ezisemthethweni ukuze kusetshenziswe yibo bonke abakudingayo- okubandakanya iminyango kahulumeni, amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano ezingayenzi inzuzo. Futhi njengoba ungena ngaphansi kwesigaba samabhizinisi, le yindawo ephuma phambili ongaqala kuyo uma wenza ucwaningo oluqondene neNingizimu Afrika.2 I-CSIR (The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) www.csir.co.za I-CSIR ingenye yezinhlangano eziphuma phambili kwezocwaningo lwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe, intuthuko kanye nokuqalisa eNingizimu Afrika. Njengoba lisho igama layo, igxile ocwaningweni lwezesayensi. Umsebenzi wayo ukwenza ucwaningo ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezenhlalomnotho, okuyizindaba ezimnandi kuwe njengosomabhizinisi! Ungalanda ucwaningo lapha: http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/Imikhakha i-CSIR Egxila Kuyo Imithombo yemvelo kanye nezemvelo Ukwakhiwa kohlaka kanye nesayensi Ezokwakha yezobuchwepheshe Isayensi yezemvelo Yezokuvikela, I-Nanotechnology ukuthula, ezokuphepha nezokuvikela Ibhayoloji yezobunjiniyela Ukuqhubekisa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi Ulwazi kanye nezokuxhumana Ubuchwepheshe be-laserIsayensi yezempahla kanye nokukhiqiza 12 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHE 3 I-HSRC (The Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa) Ukuxazulula izinkinga zezenhlalakahle ngocwaningo! www.hsrc.ac.za Uma ungusomabhizinisi kwezenhlalakahle obheke ukusungula izisombululo ezizoba nomthelela omuhle eNingizimu Afrika noma e-Afika iyonkana, i-HSRC iyindawo ekufanele ongaqala kuyo uma wenza ucwaningo oluzokusiza ukuze uthathe izinqumo unolwazi ngalokho ohlele ukukwenza. Ngokwewebhusayithi yabo, i-HSRC “iyisikhungo esikhulukazi esizinikele kwezenhlalakahle nokunakekela abantu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, ngokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu emphakathini ezindaweni ezisemqoka ngenxa yentuthuko”. Umphakathi uvumelekile ukuthi uthole ucwaningo (ngaphandle kwalapho kuwumbiko oyimfihlo) bhusende. 4 Izinkampani zezokuxhumana - amawebhusayithi Yilapho engiqala khona ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ngenza ucwaningo lwezimboni nolwezimakethe- ngiya kumawebhusayithi ezinkampani ezinkulu zezokuxhumana. Zinemininingwane eminingi, eminingi kuyo ingeyakamuva futhi itholakala bhusende, mayelana nemboni kanye nemikhuba yokuqhutshwa kwamabhizinisi, amathuba, kanye nezinselele - konke okunemibono yasendaweni neyakwamanye amazwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi uvakashela amawebhusayithi e-Deloitte, i-KPMG, i-PwC, i-McKinsey, i-Accenture kanye ne-EY ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva olubalulekile enhlosweni yakho. 13UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

5 Amanyuvesi: Kuwumqondo omuhle ukuya enyuvesi ukuze uthole ucwaningo, ngoba yiwo ayibavikeli bolwazi. Uma usawumfundi, usenhlanhleni ngoba ungakwazi ukufinyelela kusizindalwazi solwazi lwasenyuvesi kalula. Kodwa uma uqede ukufunda noma ungahlali eduze kwenyuvesi, kungase kungabi lula. Kunganjani uzame amaqhinga amathathu alandelayo?1 Vuselela ikhadi lakho le-alumni ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa umtapowolwazi wakho.2 Hambela ingqungquthela noma ingxoxo yesigungu. Izikole zezifundo zamabhizinisi, njenge- GIBS, zivame ukusingatha imicimbi lapho abaholi nongoti basembonini babelana ngolwazi, futhi ungaxhumana nalezi zikhulumi kanye nabanye abantu abahambele umcimbi uma sewuphelile.3 Noma uvakashele amawebhusayithi amanyuvesi, njengoba amanyuvesi abelana ngama-athikhili kanye nokushicilelwe ngezamabhizinisi noma imikhuba yasembonini kanye nocwaningo ku-inthanethi.6 Imitapoyolwazi yomphakathi: I-inthanethi iwumthombo wolwazi omangalisayo kodwa njengoba kungelula ukuthi wonke umuntu awuthole, imitapoyolwazi kusaneqhaza okumele ilibambe. Uma usedolobheni elincane, noma edolobheni elikhulu- vakashela umtapowolwazi womphakathi. Uzoba namaphephandaba, amabhuku, amajenali kanye nokunye okushicilelwe ongakuboleka noma ongafunda ngenkathi ukhona. Futhi eminye ine-Wi-Fi yamahhala.7 Imibhalo eshicilelwe embonini, amajenali, amaphephandaba kanye namabhuku: Ukuze uhlale wazi ngokwenzekayo kwakamuva embonini yakho, kungani ungabhaliseli ukuthola ijenali noma okushicilelwe embonini yakho. Lokhu kuvame ukushicilelwa ngenyanga noma ngekota, futhi kuzokugcina unolwazi ngezinto ezisemqoka okumele uzazi ngendawo okuyo ibhizinisi lakho elikuyo. Namaphephandaba namabhuku (angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi naku-inthanethi) awumthombo omuhle kakhulu wolwazi futhi akambi eqolo.8 Ama-ejensi ezentuthuko kanye nezinhlangano ezingenzinzuzo: Izinhlangano ezinjenge-United Nations kanye ne-African Development Bank zenza ucwaningo oluningi, olungatholakala kumawebhusayithi azo. Bhalisela ukuthola ezikushicilele ku-inthanethi noma uzilandele ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. 14 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHEIzibonelo zezinhlobo zolwazi ongalindele ukuluthola ocwangweni oluthathelwe!Ulwazi ngabantu:Ulwazi ngabantu lubalulekile ngoba lukusiza ukuze uqonde amakhasimende owaqondile, ngakholuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho kanye nemisebenzi oyihlinzekayo kuzohlangabezana ngqo nezidingozamakhasimende akho. Ulwazi luzokusiza ukuze uthathe isinqumo ngokuthi ibhizinisi lakho kumele libekuphi; noma ngendlela yokuklama amanani, ukwazisa, ukupakisha noma ukubeka imikhiqizo yakho nomaimisebenzi oyihlinzekayo. Indawo enhle ongaqala kuyo i-Stats SA. Ungathola ulwazi oluphuma phambili,njengemininingwane ngezibalo zabantu abakhona ezweni, noma ezingeni eliphansi, njengemininingwanengabantu komasipala abahlukene.Izibonelo zezinhlobo zedata ezikhona zakwa Stats SA: A Ukukhula kwabantuIsibalo Sabantu 10,3% 15,6%(Ngezigidi % Lokukhula) 7,3%% ukukhulaB Ukwahlukana kwabantu baseNingizimu Afrika Ngokobulili Abesifazane Abesilisa 51% 49% Umthombo: Izithombe a – f, imininingwane ithathwe Ocwaningweni Lomphakathi lwangowezi-2016: (http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za) 15UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

C Isibalo sabantu ngokweminyakaIzigaba 9% 9% 3%ngokweminyaka 36% 13%30%0-14 15-34 35-44 45-54 55-69 70+D Ukutholakala kwezinhlinzeko eziyisisekelo Cha Cha Cha 9,70% 16,50% 20,08% Yebo Yebo Yebo 90,30% 83,50% 79,20%Ukutholakala kukagesi Ukutholakala kwamanzi Izindlu Ezihlelekile 16 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHE E Eminye imithombo kagesi (ezamandla)Kuma-9.7% abantu abangenawo ugesi, imithombo yamandla elandelayo isetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa: UPHARAFINI 28%AMAKHANDLELA AKUKHO 61% 2% IGESI OKUNYE 2% 1% ISOLA 6% 17UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

F Ukukala izinga lokuphilaImininingwane “ngobunikazi bempahla yasendlini” isetshenziselwa ukuklala izinga lokuphila lemizi. Iselula 89 Isitofu sikagesi 94 I-TV 77 Ifriji 84 Umsakazo I-DVD player 75 I-DSTV 83Umshini Wokuwasha Isithuthi 68 Ikhompyutha 82 I-Vacuum Cleaner Ucingo lwasendlini 68 68 59 54 26 41 32 41 30 33 21 Izibalo zabantu 25 zangowezi-2011 17 17 Izibalo zabantu 15 zangowezi-2011 12 18 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHEUkungenisa i-inthanethi:Siphila esikhathini sezobuchwepheshe futhi sibona amabhizinisi anda ku-inthanethi. Ngakho, uma ucabangangokuqala ibhizinisi laku-inthanethi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde abantu abaku-inthanethi. Bangakanani futhibangayithola kanjani nakuphi i-inthanethi? Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuze wakhe iqhingasu lebhizinisilaku-inthanethi lakho futhi uqagule ukuthi imakethe ingase ibe ngakanani.28M 38,9M 69,9% Izakhamizi zaseNingizimu Izakhamizi zaseNingizimu Ukungena kwe-Inthanethi Afrika ezikwazi ukuthola Afrika ezikwazi ukutholai-inthanethi ngensiza esaselula i-inthanethi nge-PC nangensiza esaselula Umthombo: i-iabsa.net, South Africans Online kaJuni 2016Izibalo zokusetshenziswa kwezinkundla zezokuxhumana:Kumabhizinisi aqondene namakhasimende, izinkundla zomphakathi zidlala indima esemqoka ekuthuthukiseniukuqwashisa abantu ngegama lenkampani kanye nokwethembeka egameni lenkampani. Kodwa ngaphambikokuba ugxumagxumele kuzo zonke izinkundla, kumele wenze ucwaningo uqonde ukuthi abantu oqondisekubo ibhizinisi lakho bakweyiphi inkundla.Umsebenzisingezigidi% ukukhula Worldwideworx.com, Isimo Sezinkundla Zokuxhumana SaseNingizimu Afrika, 2016 19UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

Izibalo zokusetshenziswa kweFacebook eNingizmu Afrika:Abasebenzisi base Abasebenzisi abakwazi Abasebenzisi abakwazi ukufinyelelaNingizimu Afrika ukufinyelela ukuthola kuSmartphone, Featurephone kanye 13 Million ifoni/iselula neThebhulethi 10 Million (77%) 1- 7,6 Million 2- 1,6 Million 3- 1,4 Million Umthombo: Worldwideworx.com, Isimo Sezinkundla Zokuxhumana SaseNingizimu Afrika, 2016 20 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

UCWANINGOLWEZIMAKETHEIzinkomba zezomnotho:Kusetshenziswa imininingwane elandelayo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ngabe umnotho usesimweni esihlenoma cha. Izinkomba zezomnotho zisetshenziswa kakhulu abatshalimali ukuze bahlole noma baqonde isimosomnotho samanje nesesikhathi esizayo, nokuthi kungaba umqondo omuhle na ukutshala imali ezwenielithile. Kumabhizinisi amancane kubalulekile ukuqonda isimo sezomnotho kanye nokuthi sinamthelela muniebhizinisini lakho.Izinkomba Zezomnotho ZaseNingizimu AfrikaIsifinyezo Imiphumela Yokugcina InkombaIzinga Lokukhula le-GDP -1.2% Mashi-16Umkhiqizo omkhulu wasekhaya, ubheka intengo yempahla nemisebenzi ehlinzekwayo evela ezweniesikhathini esithile. Izinga lokukhula livezwa ngephesenti. Uma lilihle, umnotho uyakhula, futhi uma lilibi,umnotho uyancipha.Izinga Labantu Abangasebenzi 26.6% Aphreli-16Leli zinga lisitshela ngephesenti labantu abangaqasheka ezweni kepha abangasebenzi njengamanje.Izinga Lokukhula 6.3% Meyi-16Lesi silinganiso sisitshela ngezinga lokukhuphuka kwentengo yempahla nemisebenzi ehlinzekwayo,omphumela waso kuba amandla okuthenga ngemali yezwe kwehle.Izinga Lenzalo 7% Juni-16Leli inani elikhokhelwa umboleki kumbolekisi ngemali ayibolekile. Izinga livezwa ngephesenti futhi izingalenzalo eliyisisekelo elivezwe lapha limiswe ibhangengodla lwezwe.Imali Yezwe (IRandi neDola) 13.92 Agasti-16 Umthombo: www.tradingeconomics.com/south-africa/indicators (ilandwe ku-Agasti 2016) 21UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

QONDAKOIANKDNUANYWEOMOLNAOTOKHKSHEUEOLNBEHELLINLLAOZOEBENBOLKHANEIHZK! LUINOYIOSBIONI 22 UCWANINGO LWEZIMAKETHE

ISAHLUKO 2IZINHLELOZAMABHIZINISI 23IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

24IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

IZINHLELOZAMABHIZINISI “Ekuqhubeni kwami umsebenzi, ngibone amasu amasha ezinhlaka zamabhizinisi ezingesiyo inqubo engeguquleke, kodwa njengohlelo, oluphindekayo nokungathenjelwa kulo, okudingeka abaholi balakhe, baluqinise futhi ekugcineni baluphendule lube sethubeni eliqhubekisekayo kwezokuncintisana.” - A.G. LafleyLUYINI UHLAKA LWEBHIZINISI?Uhlaka lwebhizinisi luwuhlelo lwebhizinisi lakho. Lukhuluma ngokuthi ibhizinisi / inhlangano idala, ithumelefuthi iqongelele kanjani ingeniso. Ngamagama alula, isitshela ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho liyingenisa kanjani imalingemisebenzi ehlinzekwayo noma imikhiqizo kumaklayenti alo.KUBALULEKE NGANI LOKHU?Ngokujwayelekile abanikazi bamabhizinisi bavele baqale amabhizinisi bengazange bahlole ibhizinisingalinye elikhona elibavumela ukuthi baphathe futhi baqhube ibhizinisi eliyimpumelelo. Ngokubhala uhlakalwebhizinisi, uyaphoqeleka ukuthi ugxile ekwakheni umkhiqizo ohlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimendeakho, amaqhingasu engeniso, izindleko, inzuzo, amasu okuthumela impahla njll. Uma kwenziwe ngokufanele,kunciphisa amathuba okwahluleka.OKUSEMQOKA NGOHLAKA LWEBHIZINISIUma kungachazwa kalula, uhlaka lwebhizinisi lwakhiwe Izakhi Ezine Ezisemqoka. Zimi kanje: 1 Isiphakamiso Sokubaluleka Komkhiqizo/Komsebenzi Ohlinzekwayo Kumakhasimende: Lokhu kubheka ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho noma imisebenzi oyihlinzekayo ihlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zamakhasimende noma ihlinzeka kanjani ngezisombululo zazo. 2 Ezezimali: Lokhu kubheka izakhi ezinjengokumiswa kwamanani, ukungenisa imali nenzuzo engeniswayo. 3 Izinsiza: Lokhu kubheka izinsiza ezidingwa ibhizinisi ukuze likwazi ukuhlinzeka ngomkhiqizo noma ngomsebenzi ngokugculisayo. Isibonelo, lokhu kungabandakanya uxhasomali, ukuba nabasebenzi abanamakhono afanele, impahla esemqoka kanye nezobuchwepheshe, njll. 4 Izinqubo: Lokhu kubheka inqubo eqhubekayo ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi, njengeZindaba zabasebenzi, Ezobuchwepheshe, Ezokukhiqiza, Ukuthola Usizo, Ukuqasha, Ezokuthutha, Ezokudayisa, Ukuhlela, njll. Izinqubo zibalulekile ngoba zinquma ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho lihlinzeka kanjani ngemikhiqizo nemisebenzi kumaklayenti. Okuqukethwe kuthathwe ku-The Four-box Business Model encwadini ethi “Seizing the white space” - Mark W. Johnson 25IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

INSIZA YOHLAKA LWEBHIZINISI OKUNCONYWA UKUTHI UYISEBENZISE:I-Business Model Generation ka-Osterwalder, Pigneur et al, 2012Kukhona inqwaba yamathuluzi ezinhlaka zamabhizinisi ongawasebenzisa. Sincoma ukuthi usebenzise insizaelandelayo: “The Business Model Canvas” ngoba inemininingwane eminingi futhi ikuhlinzeka ngesifanekiso,kanye nemibuzo ewumhlahlandlela futhi ezokusiza ukuze uthuthukise futhi ubhale uhlaka lebhizinisi yakho.IYINI?I-Business Model Canvas iyinsiza yezokuphathwa kweqhingasu nezamabhizinisi. Ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze,uhlele, uphose inselelo, usungule, futhi uguqule ibhizinisi lakho. (Strategyzer.com, ku-inthanethi) Kukhonane-Value Proposition Canvas – esungulwe yibo laba babhali. Le nsiza yasungulelwa ukukwenza ucabangengokubalulekile okusungulela amakhasimende akho ngemikhiqizo nemisebenzi oyihlinzekayo oyilungisayo.SINCOMA ELANDELAYO?Lokhu kungamathuluzi akusiza ukuze ubone futhi uhlele uhlelo uhlaka lwebhizinisi lakho. Imithombo yaku-inthanethiOnline resources:• http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/canvas/bmc• http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/downloads/business_model_canvas_poster.pdf 26 IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

IZINHLELOZAMABHIZINISIIZIPHAKAMISO UBUDLELWANO IZINDLELA IMITHOMBO UHLELO ZAMANANI NAMAKHASIMENDE ZOKUNGENISA IMALI ESEMQOKA LWEZEZIMALI 1 3 5 7 9 UKWAHLUKANISWA AMASHANELI IMISEBENZI OZAKWETHUKWAMAKHASIMENDE ESEMQOKA ABASEMQOKA 24 68 Amagrafu aqukethe ulwazi ngebhizinisi acashunwe oHlakeni lwaMasu ngeBhizinisi olwenziwe ngu Oserwaider and Pigneur Mayelana nolunye ulwazi hamba ku www.strategyzer.com 27IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

UKUQWASHISWA NGOKUSUNGULA UHLAKA LWEBHIZINISI OLUNGOLWEBHIZINISI LAKHO 1 Kuqala ngokwazi amakhasimende akho nokwenza imikhiqizo nemisebenzi oyihlinzekayo ehambisana nezidingo zawo. 2 Bheka izinhlaka zamabhizinisi ezahlukene ezimbonini ezahlukene- thola imibono ngokuthi zenzani kanjalo nalokho ongase ukusebenzise ohlakeni lebhizinisi lakho. 3 Qonda izitayela ezisezimakethe- ibhizinisi, ezobuchwepheshe, ezezinkundla zokuxhumana, isimo sezomnotho. 4 Zama lezi zindlela kanye nezinhlaka ezahlukene, ukuzixuba bese uthola isisombululo esifanele sebhizinisi lakho / somsebenzi owuhlinzekayo! 5 Ngeke uze uphumelele zibekwa nje. Ngakho kudingeka uhlole futhi ulakhe kabusha uhlaka lwakho. 6 Sebenzisa ‘i-business model canvas’ noma ‘i-four-box business model’ ukuze usizakale uhlele kahle uhlaka lwebhizinisi lakho. 7 Izinhlaka zebhizinisi zingaguquleka, kumele usungule uhlaka lwakho lwebhizinisi ukuze liqhubekiseke, luhlale lubalulekile futhi lube sezingeni lokuncintisana. 8 Ungazakheli uhlaka ngokwakho. Sebenzisana nethimba lakho ukuze wakhe uhlaka. Uma uwedwa ebhizinisini lakho, cela usizo noma ukuthola izimvo zabanye abantu. 28 IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

IZINHLELOZAMABHIZINISIISIBONELO SEZINHLAKA ZEBHIZINISI (INGENISO)Emaqhingeni esikuphe wona “Indlela yokusungula uhlaka lwebhizinisi” siphakamisa ukuthi ubhekeizinhlaka ezisetshenziswa amanye amabhizinisi kanye nasezimbonini ezingafani nezakho. Ukukusizakulokhu, sihlanganise izibonelo ezilandelayo. Sethemba ukuthi isifinyezo esilula sezinhlaka ezilandelayosizokugqugquzela ukuthi wenze olunye ucwaningo ezinhlakeni zebhizinisi. Sethemba ukuthi uzothola uhlakaolufanele oluzokuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule ukubaluleka kwebhizinisi lakho.Uhlaka Inhloso / Ukubaluleka Kohlaka Ezinye Zezibonelo EzingasebenzisekaUhlaka Lolu hlaka luhambisana neqhingasu. Eminye yemisebenzi ehlinzekwa nge-inthanethiolungakhokhelwa Igama elithi “mahhala” lichaza ukuthi ikunika izinsuku eziyi-14 noma inyangalomsebenzisi awuzukungenisa mali! Pho inkampani eyodwa yokuhlola ukusebenza kwesihlinzekonoma ohlaka ingase ilusebenziseleni lolu hlaka? bese bakukhokhise kamuva uma ukhetheolutholakala ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa isihlinzeko.bhusende Isib. i-Netflix, Sage Accounting SurveyMonkey, insiza yokwenza ucwaningo nge-inthanethi, ikunika ubulungu bamahhala obunezinhlinzeko ezincane. Ukuze usizakale ngokwengezelwe, njengokuthi uma ufuna ukuthola usizo lokwengezela, ungakhuphukela ezinhlakeni ze-Select, Gold noma Premium ezitholakala bhusende zonke. Amawebhusayithi okulalela umculo anjenge- Spotify. Ungalalela umculo mahhala ku- inthanethi kodwa uma ufuna umculo kunsiza yakho uma sewungaxhumile ku-inthanethi, kuzodingeka ukhokhe imali yokuhlinzekelwa nyangazonke. 29IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

Uhlaka lokudayisa Lolu uhlaka lwakudala esilubona cishe Izinhlaka zakudala lapho umsebenzisingqo kuwo wonke amabhizinisi, lapho ekhokhela umsebenzi noma umkhiqizo ikhasimende likhokhela umkhiqizo noma umsebenzi ohlinzekwayo. I-airtime ugesi okukhokhelwa ngaphambi Kunezinhlaka ezinhlobonhlobo kokukusebenzisa- kusetshenziswa omasipala ezasungulelwa ukuhlangabezana kanye nezinkampani zokuxhumana ngo nezidingo zamakhasimende ahlukene: Isibonelo: Izinhlinzeko ze-Cloud- ukhokhela isikhala • Ukukhokhela isihlinzekelo osisebenzisayo kuphela. ngaphambi kokuba uhlinzekelwe ngaso. • Izinhlaka zokukhokhela isihlinzekelo ngokusisebenzisa kwakhoUhlaka Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inkampani I-Google – Ukusetshenziswa kwenkundlalokukhangisa ehlinzekela amaqoqo amakhasimende yokusesha mahhala kubo bonke abantu, kodwa amabili noma ngaphezulu ikhokhelwa abakhangisi/amabhizinisi akhokhela i-Google elinye iqoqo kube kuhlomula nelinye ukuze bakhangise enkundleni. emsebenzini ohlinzekwayo ngaphandle I-Facebook ne-Twitter – nayo isebenzisa kokukhokha. izinhlaka Zokukhangisa. Lokhu kubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi Umsakazo- abalaleli abakukhokheli uhlaka lomuntu ongahlangene ngqo ukulalela imisakazo, imisakazo ingenisa imali - ngoba umsebenzisi akakhokhi kodwa ngokudayisa izikhangiso kanye nemicimbi kukhokha omuntu ongahlangene ngqo. ekhethekile ayihlelayo.zinhlaka Thatha lokhu ngokuthi Imisebenzi Yokuqomisa - Bobabili abasebenzisiZokuhlanganisa / kunomxhumanisi olawula bewebhusayithi bayayikhokhela, nomaZokuxhumanisa ukuthengiselana noma isivumelwano empeleni bakhokhela obahlanganisayo, ukuze somsebenzi, noma oxhumanisa bahlangane nomuntu. ikhasimende nomsebenzi I-Airbnb – umlawuli wezindawo zokulala oku- elihlinzekelwa ngawo. inthanethi. Yenza imali ngokukhokhisa izindleko Lo kungaba umuntu olawulayo, noma zokuhlinzeka ngomsebenzi kubasingathi kanye uhlelo lwe-inthanethi oluhlinzeka nabantu abavakashayo. ngomsebenzi. I-PayPal (uhlelo lokukhokha nge-inthanethi) – lolu hlelo lokukhokha lulawula izinkokhelo eziphakathi komthengi nomdayisi. Ingenisa imali ngekhomishini ekhokhwa ngokudluliswa kwemali. 30 IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

IZINHLELOZAMABHIZINISI Uhlaka Inhloso / Ukubaluleka Kohlaka Ezinye Zezibonelo EzingasebenzisekaIzinhlaka Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye I-Gillette yethula uhlaka lwereyizaezixhasiwe yomkhiqizo idayiswa ngenani noma yodumo, lapho isibambo sishibhile ngokungaphansi kwenzuzo- kube noma futhi singasetshenziswa kuphindelelwa. yini enye eyengezelwayo ibe imba Umsebenzisi kumele athenge ireyiza ukuze eqolo. Ibhizinisi lingenisa imali yalo asebenzise isibambo. Amareyiza kudingeka ngokwengezelwe. ashintshwe njalo, futhi ayabiza. Ikhofi le- Nespresso lisebenzisa uhlaka olufanayo. Okwengezelwa emotweni: Abakhiqizi bezimoto banohlaka “oluyisisekelo” futhi amakhasimende akhokhela okokwengezela ukuze imoto ihambisane nezidingo zawo njengopende i-metallic noma i-sunroof.Uhlaka Ngalolu hlaka amakhasimende akhokha Amabhizinisi asebenzisa lolu hlakaLokubhalisela inkokhelo engaguquki ngesikhathi esithile ayalandela: (ngenyanga / ngonyaka) ukuze akwazi Amaphephandaba Namabhuku. Lokhu ukuthola imikhiqizo noma isihlinzekelo. kusebenza emikhiqizweni ephathekayo Okubalulekile ekhasimendeni ukusizakala nayaku-inthanethi. Abasebenzisi bathola kalula- akudingeki ukuthi afake i-oda okusha okushicilelwe nsukuzonke / kabusha nyangazonke futhi inkokhelo nyangazonke. emile ibasiza ekuhleleni isabelomali sabo. Izinhlelo zamabhizinisi zaku-inthanethi Okubalulekile ebhizinisini ukudayisa - isibonelo i-Sage Accounting ikhokhisa okuqhubekayo kanye nengeniso amabhizinisi imali yokubhalisa nyangazonke engaqageleka okuwusizo olukhulu ngokusebenzisa nokuthola uhlelo lokubala/ ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kwemali. nolukugcina amabhuku. Izinhlinzeko zokulalela umculo noma ukubukela i-TV- isibonelo iNetflix neSpotify. Inkokhelo ibanjwa nyangazonke futhi umsebenzisi uhlala ekwazi ukuthola lamawebhusayithi ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. 31IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

Uhlaka Kulolu hlaka, olwande kakhulu embonini Izibonelo zezitolo eziyingxenye yezinye:lwamabhizinisi yezindawo zokudlela, umnikazi I-KFC,ayimagatsha webhizinisi (umninigatsha) uthenga Steers – Izitolo Zokudla Okudayisa uhlaka lwebhizinisi negama lebhizinisi Sekuphikiwe Vida e Caffè – Isitolo Sekhofi eliphumelele. Specsavers – Optometry Kumon, Umniningatsha “uthenga” igatsha kuqala Kip McGrath – Education DIY Depot, bese eqhubeka nokukhokhela umnikazi Mica – Izitolo zempahlayokulungisa indlu webhizinisi inkokhelo yobunikazi njalo. Umninibhizinisi usiza ngegama noxhaso kwezokwazisa. Lolu wuhlelo lwebhizinisi oluhle ebhizinisini elibheke ukukhula. 32 IZINHLELO ZAMABHIZINISI

ISAHLUKO 3ULWAZI OLUYISISEKELONGEZOKWAZISAOLUQONDENENAMABHIZINISIAMANCANE 33IZISEKELO ZE ZOKUMAKETHA

34IZISEKELO ZE ZOKUMAKETHA

IZISEKELO ZEZOKUMAKETHAKUBALULEKE NGANI UKWAZISA NGEBHIZINISI LAKHO?Umbuzo omuhle lowo. Sikuphi isidingo sokwazisa ngebhizinisi lakho, umkhiqizo wakho noma umsebenziwakho? Inhloso iyini? Inhloso ilula kakhulu. Amabhizinisi azazisayo azibeka ethubeni lokuphumelela, futhikugxila ekukhangiseni umkhiqizo wakho, kumayelana nokwazi nokuqonda amakhasimende akho. 1 Ukwazisa okuhle kukulethela amakhasimende 2 Kwenza uhlale waziwa futhi ukhule kanye namakhasimende akho 3 Kukusiza ukuze ukwazi ukucabanga ngezidingo nezifiso zamakhasimende akho 4 Kukusiza ukuze udlulisa ulwazi lokuthi ibhizinisi lakho lihlinzeka lokho okufunwa amakhasimende akho 5 Kukusiza ukuze ube sezingeni lezobuchwepheshe elinjengelamakhasimende akho.UKWAZISA KUWUTSHALOMALI, HHAYI UKUCHITHWA KWEMALIMasihlaziye lesi sitatimende. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuchithwa kwemali kushiwo imali ekhishelwa okuthilebese ungatholi mbuyiselo, kepha uma wazisa uthola inzuzo eqhubekayo nemile. Kanjani? Iqhingasu lokwazisaelihle lizokhulisa ibhizinisi lakho, okuzokhulisa ingeniso. Ngokutshala kwezokwazisa utshala ekwandiseniamakhasimende akho kanye nebhizinisi lakho.IZINDLELA ZOKWAZISA EZINGAYISAPHAZI IMALIEnye yezindlela ezingayisaphazi imali ukwazisa ibhizinisi lakho ku-ithanethi- ukwazisa ngendlelayobuchwepheshe kubiza kancane kunokusebenzisa izindlela zakudala njengamaphephandaba, amabhukunoma umsakazo. Futhi okuhle kakhulu wukuthi? Kungafinyelela kubantu abaningi. Cabanga ngezinkundlazokuxhumana njengezikrini nokuthi bangakhi abantu ongafinyelela kubo ngomkhankaso owodwa wokwazisaenkundleni yokuxhumana eyodwa. Ukucacisa ngezinombolo: uFacebook usetshenziswa abantu abangaphezukwezigidigidi. Ayikho inkundla yokuxhumana efinyelela kulelo zinga. 35IZISEKELO ZE ZOKUMAKETHA

EZINYE IZINDLELA ZOKWAZISA EZINGAYISAPHAZI IMALI: Qhuba imincintiswano yokwazisa ngomkhiqizo wakho Phisana ngezipho zemikhiqizo, abantu bayazithanda izinto zamahhala futhi uma beyithandile imikhiqizo yakho bazobuya Azi abantu abasendaweni okuyo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emabhizinisini ahlinzekela ngemisebenzi ebhekiswe emphakathini. Phumela phandle usakaze izindaba ngomkhiqizo wakho endaweni okuyo. Sezadlula izinsuku zokunika abantu izincwajana noma ukugqoka isivatho esikwenza ubukeke njengesoseji, ume ejikeni lomgwaqo ukuze ukhangise ibhizinisi lakho. Abantu banamuhla bamatasatasa futhi bafuna ukuthola ulwazi oluqondiswe kubo nge-inthanethi, ngakho indlela engayisaphazi imali yokwazisa umyalezo wakho iku-inthanethi.KUNGANI UKUKHANGISA EMITHONJENI YABEZINDABA EWUJIKELELE KUNGESIYO INDLELA ELUNGELEIBHIZINISI ELINCANE?Ukwazisa ngokukhangisa emithonjeni yabezindaba ewujikelele kuhloswe ukuthi kufinyelele kubantu abaningi,kodwa kuyasetshenziswa, noma kuvela, enkundleni eyodwa, njengezikhangiso zakuma-billboard naku-TVnasemsakazweni. Umyalezo awuqondiswanga kuzethameli ezithile kodwa uyefana nje. Isizathu esikhulusokuthi kungani abantu bazisa ngokukhangisa emithonjeni yabezindaba ukungasisebenzisi isabelomalingalezo zindleko. Uzokhokha imali eningi kakhulu ube ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi ngabe kuyasebenza nomacha. Awuzukuthola imbuyiselo efana naleyo obowungayithola ukuba bewusebenzise izinkundla zokuxhumanafuthi kungase kukubize inani eliphindaphindeke kahlanu. Njengebhizinisi eliselincane ufuna ukuthi iRandilakho likhule ngamandla alo wonke futhi likuphe imbuyiselo. Ufuna ukwenza imali uma wazisa! 36 IZISEKELO ZE ZOKUMAKETHA

IZISEKELO ZEZOKUMAKETHA IZINHLELO AMAWEBHUSAYITHIZOKUDLULISELA AMAPHEPHABHUKU IZINSIZA ZOKWAZISAINSIZA YOKULANDELELA IZINHLELO UKUZE UBHEKE ZOBULUNGU OKUSHIWONGESIHLONZANKAMPANI IMITHOMBO YOKUXHUMANAAmawebhusayithi awusizo:www.smallbizdaily.comhttp://www.wix.com/blog/category/small-business-tips/ 37IZISEKELO ZE ZOKUMAKETHA