Health Science FlipBook (3)

Health Science Flipbook: Body Systems Marya Younas HS 1B Pickett

Word Parts -Derm/o, Dermat/o- Skin Integumentary System -Kerat/o- hard; horn shaped tissue Healthcare Careers -Xer/o- dry -Xanth/o- yellow; yellowish Dermatologist: a doctor who -erythro/o- red specializes in conditions -pedicul/o- finger; toenail involving the skin, hair, and nails. Vocab: -Stratum Corneum primary -onych/o- nail Plastic Surgeons: -myc/o- fungus barrier between the skin and -pil/o- hair; follicle Performs surgery to reconstruct environment. lip/o- fat or repair parts of the body. rhytid/o- wrinkle -Epidermis a thin outer layer of skin covering the dermis. albin/o- white -Dermis layer of skin containing connective tissue and Outermost layer of the skin Diseases/Disorders: cushions -Basal Cell Carcinoma- cancer that begins The body -Stratum lucidum- protect the in the lower part of the skin. skin in areas most common to -Melanoma- skin cancer that begins in the damage. -Subcutaneous layer a layer of skin (bottom layer) melanocytes. containing fat and helps your body stay warm and absorbs -Eczema- marked by itchy and patchy areas shock. on skin -Merkel Cells mediate the senses of touch and hair Function: Protects our body against -Rosacea- inflammatory skin disorder movement. marked by redness. infection, extreme temperatures, -Melanocytes cells that produce melanin. maintains our balance of fluids, -Keratinocytes cells that contain keratin. synthesizes vitamin D for our personal -Stratified Squamous type of epithelium where the top use. layer is made Of squamous epithelial cells. -Langerhans cells are white blood cells that help fight against infection.

Musculoskeletal System Function: Movement, stability, support, form. Word Parts Vocab Diseases/Disorders: Healthcare my/o- muscle -Tendinitis- Careers: myel/o- muscle -Involuntary muscles- muscles that we are unable Inflammation of the -Chiropractor- oste/o- bone to control tendons specializes in costco- rib -Voluntary muscles- muscles we are able to control -Carpal Tunnel misalignment and crani/o- brain -immobile/fixed joints- joints that cannot move syndrome- condition manipulative -pexy- surgical -semi-mobile joints- joints that can move to an due to compression of treatment in joints. fixation extent the median nerve. chondr/o- cartilage -mobile joints- joints that can move well -Osteoarthritis- -Orthopedist: doctor arthr/o- joints -tendons- what connects muscle to bone degeneration of joint -plegia- paralysis -ligaments- what connects bone to bone cartilage and underlying who specializes in the kinesi/o- movement -bones- whitish tissue making up the skeleton bone correction or prevention of -cartilage- flexible connective tissue found -Fibromyalgia- deformities, disorders, or throughout the body. Replaced during growth musculoskeletal pain, injuries of the skeleton and -muscles- band of fibrous tissue that can contract, fatigue, and tenderness associated structures produce movement, or maintain the position of body in specific areas parts

Nervous System Word Parts Vocabulary: Healthcare careers Neuroscientist- studies neur/o- nerves Sensory Input- The stimuli that causes the development and encephal/o- head your senses to detect a sensation. function of the NS myel/o- muscle Integration- your NS processes info and ambul/o- to walk decides what should be done about it. Neurosurgeon- Motor Output- the response after your NS specializes in the diagnosis -esthesia- sensation activates certain parts of your body. and surgical treatment of disorders of the central and meaning/of- meninges Central NS- brain, spinal cord (main control peripheral nervous system. psych/o- mind center). Peripheral NS- nerves that branch off and Diseases/Disorders concuss/o- shaken allow your central nervous system to Bell’s Palsy- muscle weakness in one half of the face. together communicate with the rest of your body. Epilepsy-nerve cell activity in the Sensory Division/afferent (PNS)- picks up brain is disturbed, causing seizures. Neuralgia- Pain caused by sensory stimuli damaged or pained nerves. Alzheimer’s Disease- diseases Function: Motor Division/efferent (PNS)- sends that fades away memories and directions from your brain to muscles and other important mental functions. Receives information abougtlands. the environment around usSomatic Nervous and generates responses system/voluntary(efferent division)- rules to that information your skeletal muscle movement Autonomic Nervous system/involuntary (efferent)- keeps heart beating, lungs breathing, stomach churning. Sympathetic division (autonomic system)- mobilizes the body into action/

Special Senses Diseases/Disorders: Function: To identify external Visual Impairment: Any kind of vision loss stimuli and create a response Nystagmus: Uncontrollable eye movement. within your senses. (Be able to Meniere’s Disease: Disorder within the inner ear that touch, taste, hear, smell, and can cause vertigo (sensation of nausea/spinning). see). Anosmia: Loss of sense of smell. Word Parts Vocab Healthcare Careers: Irid/o: iris; colored part of the Sound(s) Frequency: the number of waves that -Opthamologist: Eye doctor eye pass a certain point in a given time frame. -cusis: pertaining to hearing High Pitch: the result of shorter waves moving in -Otolaryngologist: Doctor who problem and out quicker. specializes in senses such as -opia: Visual condition Lower pitch: result of longer waves moving in hearing. ot/o: ear; hearing and out slowly. tympan/o: eardrum Amplitude: How loud a sound registers ophthalm/o: eye; vision External Ear: only involved with hearing -metry: to measure Middle Ear: only involved with hearing. Inner Ear: key to hearing and maintaining your equilibrium. Pinna/Auricle: Catches sound waves and passes them along deeper into the ear External Acoustic Meatus: Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane: Eardrum

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System Word Parts Function: to transport nutrients Diseases/Disorders: cardi/o- heart throughout the body and get rid of Coronary artery disease: the angi/o- blood vessels metabolic waste narrowing of the arteries hem/o, hemat/o- blood Myocardial Infarction: damage or Brady- slow Atria- upper two chambers of the death of tissue on the heart Tachy- fast heart resulting in blocked blood supply to thromb/o- blood clot;clotting Ventricles- Lower two chambers that area (heart attack). -emia pertaining to blood Involuntary Muscle- muscle that Arrhythmias: abnormal heart leuk/o white;white blood cells contracts on it sown rhythms erythr/o red Endocardium- innermost tissue of Cardiomyopathy: disease of the arteri/o artery the heart heart muscle that makes it harder Myocardium- middle tissue of the for your heart to pump blood to the heart rest of your body Pericardium- outermost tissue of the heart Healthcare Careers Aorta- largest artery Arterioles- small blood vessels that Cardiac Surgeon: a surgeon branch from the arteries to capillaries who operates on the HEART, Venous capillaries- removes lungs and other thoracic metabolic waste from the body organs Blood- plasma/liquid throughout the Cardiologist: doctors who body; contains oxygen and co2 specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases or conditions of the heart and blood vessels

Respiratory System Function: allows your body to take Healthcare Careers in oxygen from the air, and help Vocab your organs function. Also cleans -Pulmonologist: and releases gases from your body Lungs- The two spongy organs in your chest. such as carbon dioxide. work to prevent, diagnose, and treat Word Parts Trachea: Windpipe/ Where air goes after you breathe in Diseases/Disorders diseases, conditions, through your mouth. Lung Cancer: the and abnormalities of Bronch/o related to the bronchi uncontrollable growth the respiratory cyan/o blue Carina: Where the trachea divides and splits off into two of cells in one or both system. laryng/o relating to the larynx bronchi, and then branches off into smaller bronchioles lungs. -oxia condition of oxygenation -Respiratory Oxy- presence of oxygen Alveoli: The tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Bronchitis: Therapist: Interview pleur/o pleura Inflammation of the pneum/o lung, air Pleura: The thin membrane that encases your lungs, bronchial tubes. and examine patients pulmon/o lung protects them, and lets them slide back and forth as you with breathing problems thorac/o chest breath in and out Pneumonia: an infection and work with physicians trache/o trachea; windpipe to to develop patient Diaphragm: Smooth, Thin Muscle that helps your lungs in one or both of the lungs. treatment plans. expand and contract as you breathe. It causes the air sacs of the lungs to fill up with Lymph Nodes: Small collections of immune system cells fluid or pus. connected to your lungs; carry unhealthy cells (for ex cancer cells) away from your lungs and other organs. Asthma:airways can Lymph: The clear fluid that transports the unhealthy become inflamed and cells. (Lymph Nodes transport this lymph containing the narrowed at times which bad cells out of the lung) . makes it hard to breathe. Oxygen: The odorless gas we breathe in, when then enters our blood stream Carbon Dioxide: The gas we breathe out once we breathe in oxygen.

Digestive System Vocab Ileocecal Sphincter: what Diseases/Disorders the remains of the “food” Function: to digest, absorb, Small Intestine: secretes being digestive enters the Stomach Ulcers: when and eliminate food. digestive enzymes, and is the large intestine through. A stomach acid damages the chief site of the digestion of valve that keeps our food lining of the digestive tract, Word Parts food into small molecules which from going back from where creating sores.. are absorbed into the body, also it came from. Celiac Disease: a disease cholecyst/o gallbladder absorbs the nutrients from the Feces: the “expelled” of where people can't eat enter/o intestines (usually small food. what is left after your gluten because it will intestine) Large Intestine: concerned digestive system damage their small col/o, colon/of large intestine; colon especially with extracting of (stomach, small intestine, intestine. hepat/o liver water from what was digested and colon) absorbs Hemorrhoids: swollen gastr/o stomach and the formation of feces. nutrients and fluids from veins in your lower or/o mouth Peristalsis: muscle contractions what you eat and drink. rectum. -pepsia digestion that moves food to different Gastroesophageal Reflux chol/e gall;bile processing stations in the Healthcare Careers Disease:which stomach proct/o rectum digestive tract. Gastroenterologist: acid or bile irritates the food Stomach: a bag of muscle that specialty most broadly pipe lining. churns, squashes, and squeezes concerned with food into liquid. diseases and conditions Pyloric Sphincter: ring of of the digestive system. smooth muscle that connects the stomach and small intestine. Hepatologists: doctors Villi: microscopic projections that specialize in liver that line the walls of the small conditions. intestine. These increase the surface area of the gut, making it easier to absorb nutrients. Pancreas: During digestion, makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. Bile: from liver; breaks down fats into tiny droplets (smaller droplets are easier for the intestine to absorb).

Urinary System Vocab Diseases/Disorders Word Parts Kidneys: filter devices for our bodies. Urine: The waste from our blood obiBnlflaatcdhdadedneeccrre.elCrlstahonafctetbhree: gtyinpse Overactive Bladder: A -cele hernia;swelling;protrusion Cleans and separates the waste compound combined with excess water. pfthureoncbstlueiodmndetwhniatnhtecbealdaudstodeesr -lysis breakdown;separation; urinate. loosening from our blood when blood passes through nephr/o kidney ren/o kidney our kidneys. Ureters: Tubes that connect our -uria urination; condition of urine -pexy surgical fixation kidneys to our the bladder. Urine -ectasis dilation;expansion -pyel/o renal pelvis -The Cortex (upper): the outer section of is transferred from kidneys to the sKmidanlel,yhSatrodndeesp:oAsit the kidney; contains majority of nephrons. ureters in order to reach the ktphiadainnt effuoylsrmwahsnedinnispthaoesftseend. bladder. LcUoorinsnstaroroylf, Ibvnalacrodyindntegirnferonmce:a -Nephrons: Microscopic filtering units. asclofitguehgrthslinonesges, zooirnflgua,ruignheing -Nephrons composed of: Bladder: a pouch like organ that tcoonctormolpuleritneaitnioanb.ility to Distal Convoluted Tubule holds the urine until the body is Proximal Convoluted Tubule ready to get rid of it. Bowman’s Capsule Glomerulus Urethra: Carries the urine out of Collecting Duct: ^ ALL of the above: Purify the blood by the body. removing things such as salt, sugar, metabolic products and etc to maintain the Urethral Meatus: the opening to ph acid-base balance of the body. the outside of the urethra. Healthcare Careers -The Medulla (lower):Contains most of the Urologists: provide medical tubules, which carry the urine from the and surgical management for nephrons through the kidney to the ureters. disorders of the urinary tract in both men and women. Function: to maintain the body’s Urologic oncologists: deal acid-base balance (homeostasis). with tumors in the urinary tract or genital system.

Reproductive System Healthcare Careers Diseases/Disorders Function: To produce gametes, transport and Gynecologist: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A hormonal sustain the gametes, and nurture developing Vocab doctors who specialize in women's health, with disorder causing enlarged offspring a focus on the female ovaries with small cysts on reproductive system. the outer edges. Ovaries: produce/release female Reproductive gametes Endocrinologists: Uterine Fibroids non cancerous growths of the Word Parts Menstrual Cycle: happens in the identify fertility issues in uterus that often appear cervic/o neck; cervix uterus to prep for a fertilized egg men and women and during childbearing years. salping/o Eustachian Ovarian Cycle: Maturation of the determine the best (auditory) tube; fallopian follicle +egg treatment methods for tube Hypothalamus gland: functions those conditions. ov/o ovum (egg) include releasing the hormones orchid/o testicle from the pituitary gland. Interstitial Cystitis a oophor/o ovary Pituitary Gland: gland that chronic condition causing men/o menses; contains hormones. bladder pressure, bladder menstruation Follicle Stimulating Hormone pain and sometimes mamm/o breast (FSH): Stimulates the growth of 1 pelvic pain. gynec/o female; woman follicle. colp/o vagina Luteinizing hormone: finishes Endometriosis A disorder in prostat/o prostate gland the job of growing out follicle. Fallopian Tube: Made of sheets which tissue that normally of smooth muscle + a highly lines the uterus grows outside folded mucosa layer. the uterus. Uterus: Hallow; Thick walled; stretchable muscular organ anterior to the rectum, posterosuperior to the bladder; ends with the cervix Uterine Walls: Consist of the perimetrium (outer), myometrium (inner), and Endometrium (innermost)

Fun Facts About Each System! Integumentary Nervous Cardiovascular/Circulatory Digestive system: Reproductive system : Every system: system: System: month you have a The average person There are The average heart is the size of produces 2 pints of new layer of skin! 100 billion a fist in an adult. saliva every day The reproductive neurons in system contains the your brain largest and smallest Musculoskeletal alone! Respiratory Urinary System: human cells system: Special system: The average kidney is as big as a cellphone ● your hands and feet make up Senses A person usually and weighs 4-6 breathes an average ounces. more than half of the bones in system: of 13 pints of air every minute your entire body. People can detect at least ● The ear contains the smallest one trillion muscles in the body alongside the distinct scents smallest bones.