Art Education WS 31003

101 involvement right from the beginning. Then the leader might present important information that is important to the play. At the end, this “information” will reflect on the topic of discussion or the learning objectives. Medium can be in the form of game, tale, poetry, song, music, video, interview, article, short story, reproduction and map. The leader must determine the appropriateness of the medium in terms of what, when, and how to create a strong background and motivation for the participants to search for the answers. Motivation activities can be divided into 3 categories. 1) Movement and Game such as Pantomime, Creative Movement, Game and Movement with music and song. 2) Language or Word games such as Story Telling with different techniques, Song, poetry and proverb reading, lyrics of play and Riddles. 3) The use of different media such as dummy, print, painting, photo and brochure. 2. Activity to prepare the skills (Pre-drama). Before getting to the step of performing the drama, the leader must make a plan so that participants can prepare themselves. The plan includes the understanding of the drama, the preparation of the performance area, the casting of the character, and the rehearsal of some necessary scene. To prepare the participants, the leader must have a vision to see how the activities room would be in the specified time, component and technique so that the improvisation will be efficient and achieved the objectives. 3. Drama Playing. After going through an adequate pre-drama, the participants have confidence and now ready to perform. Leaders must create a safe and warm environment so that the actor and audience that join together can exert their concentration on the drama that will happen in the activity room. In a creative drama, the leader must have the right mindset that creative drama is not a stage drama therefore participants should not have to worry about the perfection of the acting but must understand how it will lead to the goals and objectives. For example, the use of a story Little Red Riding Hood to create a motivation to compose a drama. The leader must let the participants improve their improvisation through an easy plot and simple characters. In acting, the participants can take part for the whole story to improve the

102 improvisation. If the story used for motivation is too long, it can create an obstacle to finish the play in the specified time. The leader can then choose only specific sections especially on the part that have quality improvisation. An improvisation should lead to the topic that will be discussed in the next section. As we can see, the leader must have an imagination and ability to select which participant is suitable for what story and when. This will lead to a quality assessment. But in the acting part, the leader should give the freedom of expression to the actor and not interfere too much with their acting. They should act more like a referee to see whether the participants cooperate with the agreed rules or not. The benefit of creativity There are many benefits of a creative drama. We can generally refer to as follow. 1. Creative drama develops imagination and creativity. Imagination is an important start before any implementation. Imagination is the ability to cross over the limit and condition of the present. It is the ability to see oneself in the new situations or in the life of others. Creativity means thought or action that is new, novel and not an imitation. In the early stage when practicing imagination, the participants should start with their own experience especially the experience that used the 5 senses. This will help develop a mental picture which is the beginning of an expansion of the imagination into something widespread and profound for the later steps. Playing the presume role is part of the development of the imagination and creativity. 2. Creative drama develops thinking skill. Ability to think, to do and to solve problem is a process that act as an important tool of learning for every participants. The teaching of the thinking process is very important to all the leaders. Thinking process usually created from the ability of the leader to ask a question that leads to thinking or a question that create a desire to find an answer. The thinking process of a creative drama happens at all time. The complication or the level of thinking depends on the characteristic of the activities and questions. For example, after the leader tell a fable to the participant, the leader will allow the participants to think of a

103 process to use that fable to create a drama in a specified time. After the performance, question that leads to thinking can be asked. This approach will help the participants to think in many dimensions such as think quickly, think with variety, think carefully, think thoroughly, think correctly, think widely, think deeply and think with a vision. 3. Creative drama develops communication skill. Majority of the activity of a creative drama involves the skill of movement, speaking and reading in a group setting. Every step of the group planning process, everyone must brainstorm and listen to the comment and suggestion of others. Members must present their idea and build an agreement to produce a work that can be communicated to everyone. In an activity room and in the process of performing a creative drama, the actor must attentively listen to other characters in order to engage in an improvisation. 4. Creative drama develops social skill. Every time the participants work together in a group, the learning about group members is naturally created. It started with opening up the heart, accepting the ideas of others, being a person to sacrifices oneself or being a giver for the best performance of the group. The group process makes the group member understand the meaning of dependency. 5. Creative drama develops positive thinking about oneself. Since the process of a creative art is to involve everyone in the process starting with sharing the idea, planning, interacting and expressing themselves in a safe and friendly environment. The positive reaction from praise and motivation helps the participants to think positively about themselves. Development of seeing the value in oneself is a good fundamental for the mind and for the personality of that person. 6. Creative drama develops perception about the reality of the society and creates awareness of the social problem. The opportunity to play a different role and seeing a different character that are lively allows the participants to enter into the same situation as those characters. Frequently, the participants consider the rationale of other character to understand their particular action. It helps the participants to understand the character deeply on their own.

104 7. Creative drama develops the use of body and language. Games and activities of the creative drama is a good motivation for participants to have a need to express themselves through the body and the use of clear and proper language in a safe and fun environment. It gave an opportunity for participants to see the talent of each of the members. 8. Creative drama develops reading skill. Most of the creative drama activities originated from a fable, poem, poetry, short story, documentary and etc. The imagination that leads to a creative drama usually leaves a good impression on the participants. When they have a good experience about reading, that experience will plant the root for the love of reading on the person. 9. Creative drama develops a start for the understanding of an art of drama. Even though creative drama doesn’t have the objective of turning a participant into an actor and the atmosphere of the creative drama activity is also different from the stage drama since stage drama focuses more on the overall picture of the play, creative drama is focusing more on the learning process of participants. Creative drama has some similarity with the stage drama in terms of creating the environment of presumption based on the agreement. The performance of the creative drama has the characteristics of a “Presumed world” which create a true and sincere feeling for the audience. An audience of a creative drama learns the role of a good audience, good actor, and good character. All of these learning are an important fundamental to understand an art of drama. 10. Creative drama develops the heart to be more delicate and ethical. The participants get the opportunity to use the activities in the creative drama to get to understand the experiences through the 5 senses, to use the imagination to understand the feeling of others and to concentrate on the delicate movement. All of the above help create the delicacy of the heart little by little and will eventually lead to maturity in emotion and thought. 11. Creative drama is a technique for teaching in other science. Learning form a creative drama is learning through experience which is considered to be an effective way of learning since it involves all the participants in all the process. To use an imagination to learn and

105 understand and use personal feeling as a focal point is considered to be a long lasting learning process. Teacher could apply the process of creative drama and its learning objectives to use as a technique to expand on the learning of other subjects. Questions to test learner’s understanding 1. What is a creative drama? 2. What is a motivational activity? 3. How many and what type of motivational activity are there? 4. Briefly explain the responsibility of the leader during the pre-drama? 5. Please explain about the arrangement of a drama activities? 6. What is the different objective of creative drama and stage drama? 7. What is an imagination? 8. What is creativity? 9. Please explain the benefits of creative drama in brief?

106 Topic 7 - History and evolution of Social dance 1. History of social dance Social dance has its root from a folk dance that each of the tribes or ethnic groups use in performing their different rituals. There is no evidence that stated when the social dance was originated. With the lack of evidence of its origination, the finding on the cave of the wall suggested that dancing has been around for 5,000 years but using it for the purpose of a religious ritual or belief. It can be said that, the social dance might be born at the same time as human being and then evolves according to the tradition and culture of different races such as folk dance of different countries that develop to include a more standard movement until it became and international movement like dance sport at present. 2. Types of social dance Social dance can be divided into 2 categories 2.1 Social dance with an international standard which can be divided into 2 types. 1. Ballroom or Standard which includes the 5 rhythms. 1) Waltz 2) Tango 3) Slow Foxtrot 4) Viennese Waltz 5) Quick Step 2. Latin-American is a popular rhythm because of the fun and vigorous steps. In some rhythm, the dance can be performed in a small area. Ballroom and Latin-American has 5 standard rhythms. 1) Cha Cha Cha 2) Samba 3) Cuban Rumba 4) Paso Doble 5) Jive

107 Cha Cha Cha dance (picture) 3. Non-standard or social dance which developed from a folk dance. It has 5 different types. 1) Latin-American for social occasions and for fun which includes Merenque and Argentina Tango. 2) American style is both a ballroom and a Latin which is similar to a standard dance but with a different technique depending on the fondness of the Americans. It includes dance such as Rock & Roll and Swing in various events. 3) Old time dance is a dance sport that evolves from the ancient form of dancing used in a different party by pairing up. All the pairs will dance together simultaneously in circle. The rhythm includes Swing Waltz.

108 Chapter 4 Designing and the occupation The art of designing can be applied to form many occupational fields. Interior- Decorator, furniture designer and fashion designer are some of the examples. Specific characteristics of an occupation in a different field of design 1. Interior-Decorator. Work in the area of design and decoration inside the building, office and home according to the customer’s needs. 2. Furniture Designer is responsible for designing the furniture or other household pieces for industrial production and for commercial usage by using different materials to integrate them beautifully and with good utility. 3. Fashion Designer is responsible for a creative design of clothing which also includes the design of a texture or a wale that is suitable for the trend of the fashion. They design the method and techniques of production to create a more competitive position in an international industry. 1. Interior-Decorator Job characteristics Interior designer must design the interior of home and office by working with the customers according to the steps and determined deadline as follow. 1. Record the needs of the customers to create the design that are creative, impressive and appealing to the taste of the customers.

109 2. Study the structure of the job, manage the design, calculate the plan, estimate the price and choose the quality materials for decoration to create the most value to the customers in terms of objectives and usage. 3. Submit the plan and budget for the customers to consider. 4. After the completion of the plan through correction and adjustment, the plan is sent to different craftsman such as carpenter and blacksmith to work on the structure. 5. Work and coordinate with the different sections and systems involved. 6. Give advice and recommendation to the craftsman to ensure that the plan is met according to the contract. Employment condition Interior designer who work as a government worker will receive a salary according to the rate of their educational degree. If working for a private sector, the minimum salary is between 15,000- 20,000 depending on the skills and experiences during the internship. They will also receive the welfare according to the Labor law and also some benefit such as a bonus which depend on the performance of the business. Working environment The designers mostly work in and out of the office in different locations such as building or location that they are working on. Computer and program can be use to assist in the designing process. Qualities of the worker Interior designer or decorator must have the following qualities. 1. Have a Bachelor degree of Architecture in the interior design major or have a previous experience of advanced design. 2. Have creativity and able to produce a unique work and are cautious. 3. Have ability to apply domestic materials to create the identity, utility, and maximum usage.

110 4. Have skills in computer assisted design and drawing or have the advanced skill in drawing and design. 5. Have discipline and understanding about business. 6. Have good human skills and ability to coordinate and cooperate. 7. Have a wide vision and always engage in self improvement. 8. Have knowledge and information about a place to acquire the raw materials needed for the work. 9. Have the ability to design the interior of the home according to the fundamental, the need of the user, safety and economical. Job opportunity In today’s economy, the construction and real estate industry has a huge impact in terms of acquiring the investment capital which causes a temporally hiccup for interior designer. Interior designer has turned this obstacle into an opportunity by using their ability and experience and apply it to furniture design, toy, sport equipment, and various other products to penetrate into a new target market. Opportunity for career advancement In the government sector, worker will get promoted according to the ability to produce a creative product and constantly improving their skills. They can get promoted until the position of a director of their department. Personal business such as designing a premium (general product to give away as a gift in different occasions such as New Year, anniversary, product launching and etc.) and souvenir is also an opportunity. To have career advancement in this field, they should at least finish a Bachelor degree in Arts, Interior design or Architecture. Related occupations Furniture designer, equipment designer, graphic designer, and teacher-instructor in an architecture department of various universities.

111 2. Furniture Designer Chair designed by Chishen Chiu, a furniture designer form Flexiblelove Job characteristics Furniture designer must work under the following steps. 1. Design a product by using computer graphic so that the dimension can be clear and complete for the customer to consider. 2. Build a model and prototype by using the mixture of local materials which is strong and durable by considering the value of usage and then try out the product. 3. Write the technique on assembling the product as well as on the work process in the factory. 4. Determine the most economical budget for the customer. Employment condition The workplace is like any other designer’s office with an atmosphere of creativity. Furniture designer must follow up their design at the manufacturing company to ensure that it is produced in good order. Qualities of the worker Furniture designer must have the following qualities. 1. Have the ability to draw a perspective or use the computer in designing a product. 2. Have knowledge and understanding in Industrial psychology. 3. Have ability to travel outside the provinces.

112 4. Have the understanding to apply the materials that harmonize with the local and able to express the identity of the locals. 5. Have an interest in the movement of various design work and have an entrepreneurial skill to create an innovative product for the industry. Job opportunity For furniture designer with creativity, after working in a private organization for a while, they usually start their own business to design their own unique products that serve the needs of the target group. This resulted in higher income since the customers are usually well positioned. The furniture designer will never go unemployed if they are driven and always use their vision to gather information and build good relationship with the organization and business clients. The trend in the labor market is medium. In majority, furniture designer usually continue their study in the area of interior design which has the subject of household furnishings design to increase their opportunity. Opportunity for career advancement Furniture designer should learn about the marketing strategy to start their own business. They should develop website and display their product so that customers around the world can see and order. They should also send their products to showcase in exhibition and fair. Related occupation Furniture exporter, gift or toy designer, premium and souvenir designer in foreign festivals and architecture.

113 3. Fashion Designer Picture displaying the fashion design of a fashion designer Job characteristics Fashion designer is similar to the job of jewelry or household furnishings designer. Their job is to analyze and study the materials that will be used to design fabric, wale and texture for production. They need to be able to tailor and control the process according to the designed pattern. They need to give advice to improve the appearance of a person through the basic knowledge of Thai traditional costume and different period of western costume. They can also use the technology of an applied art in the production process. Their work steps to serve the clients are as follow. 1. Compiling thought and information from the customers in proportion. 2. Study the pattern of work that can be reused or modified to save time and cost of production and do some research at the same time. 3. Briefly sketch up the pattern and make sure it is under the scope of thinking. 4. Let the customer consider the sketch and find a solution to improve on the production, raw materials and budget. 5. Build a pattern after the revision and development of the sketch then consider the tailoring techniques, details on embroiling, hemming, pleating and pattern stitching then paint it

114 with the actual color. Draw and explain the process as clearly as possible so that the tailor can follow effectively. 6. Submit the loosely made model to the customer management department or the customers to try it on and made final correction. 7. Coordinate the final model with the tailor or embroider to produce it to meet the customers need. Employment condition Fashion designer with ability and performance when started working with a design and manufacturing company, they might get a starting salary at the rate according to vocational certificate or high vocational certificate. The rate is around 8,000 – 10,000. For those with an undergraduate degree, the salary is 9,000-10,000 or more depending on the skills and experiences of each designer. Welfare and bonus are also available depending on the business performance. Most fashion designer have their own store or use their own home to design and tailor since it is a well paying freelance job. For fashion designer in a clothing shop, large fashion house or dressmaking institute that has a lot of their work displayed is usually a designer with a lot of experience and received financial support in displaying their product and collection. Working environment Fashion designer who works in the readymade clothing manufacturer will perform the job similar to the other creative office which is usually privately proportionate and includes designing tools like drawing table, dressing room of different sizes, clothes, pattern and color. To make the design more realistic, computer assisted design can be used for designing and displaying color. Scanning the drawings on the computer can also help improve the presentation to the customer. In the case of readymade clothing, helper in designing the pattern can be used.

115 Qualities of the worker Those who are interested in being a fashion designer should have these general characteristics. 1. Creative, have a liking in beauty and design, have perspective on arts and beauty and some basics in arts. 2. Enthusiastic and able to notice the changes, dare to think, to do and to broadcast. 3. Have the ability to broadcast the thought and concept to others. Those who are interested to be a fashion designer must prepare themselves in the following ways. Those with above qualities can take a short training course in fashion design and dressmaking from a well known schools and institutions. The school will accept students without any degrees since fashion design depends on the creativity, experience and training. High school graduate can pursue their study in a vocational school or distance learning or they can take an entrance examination to enter into higher education. Faculty of Fine and Applied arts, Thammasat University is offering a degree in Textile, Costume, Garment and Fashion design. The students can gain knowledge about the development of garment and costume of Thais, the east and the west so they can inherit the art of Thai garment from different regions. Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep also offered a degree in textile, costume and clothing business. Job opportunity A graduate in this field is able to use the knowledge that are needed in the market which are the ability to design the garment for the industry, the knowledge of marketing, and the use of necessary technology in the garment and readymade clothing industry. In the world of fashion, Thailand is not a center of fashion design but is a center for garment such as silk and also a center of export under the various international brand and readymade c clothes due to the cheap labor cost.

116 However, in the past decade, the fashion design industry has increased their level of success as a readymade brand of clothing like Fly Now is being exported. The design of silk with an identity and color that foreign customers desired can also be exported. Fashion designer in various foreign institutions is showing more interest in the dress, culture and life style of Asian people. Thai fashion designer should focus on the domestic raw materials and create a creative work with outstanding identity since the labor cost and raw materials in Thailand are cheap. The domestic textile market such as readymade knitted clothing and weaved clothing still has a high export potential. The government and Thai people are now supporting the use of Thai products especially export quality readymade clothes and garment products. This is a good opportunity for fashion designer to use their full potential to produce creative products or development new product with an outstanding identity by applying the use of domestic raw materials. They can expand the source of raw materials and improve the efficiency of production to drive the cost down as low as possible to maintain the low cost structure in order to face with the Textile free trade in 2548 BE. During that time, only the market, fashion and production technology leader can dominate the foreign market. Textile market in the neighboring countries can also penetrate into the Thai market. Fashion designer is an important part that can help maintain the standard of the Thai market through an approach strategy in manufacturing, building network and information system and building distribution and sale network. Opportunity for career advancement Factor that makes fashion designer successful and have career advancement is to maintain their identity as a fashion designer. They need to have the opportunity in time and budget to produce a product with a low cost in the most efficient way with full their potential. Fashion designer can’t remain in the same place; they need to be more proactive and not just only receiving order from their customers. They need to keep themselves educated about the occupation and give themselves more opportunity such as learning the foreign languages, study about marketing, identify the needs of new target customers, search for the source of raw

117 materials, improve the efficiency of the production process, build the trend in fashion, study the pattern of foreign products, and understand the barriers of trade which is an important factor to be ahead in the world. Related occupation Teacher and lecturer in the related field, owner of clothing store or clothing house, owner of design and dressmaking school and jewelry designer. Activity 1. Student must explain the characteristics of the occupation in design, home design, learning equipment design and fashion design according to their understanding. 2. Student must explain the characteristics of those who want to pursue a career in home design, learning equipment design and fashion design according to their understanding. Use the explanation from 1 and 2 to present it to the group for comments.

118 Bibliography Kumjorn Suntareepong. History of Western Art. Bangkok : Claudia press book, 2552. Jeerapan Somprasong. Art History. Bangkok : Odean store, 2533. Jeerapan Somprasong. National Art. Bangkok : Odean store, 2533. Jeerapan Somprasong. Visual Art M.1. Bangkok : Odean store, 2533. Jeerapan Somprasong. Art and Life. Bangkok : Odean store, 2541. Chalood Nimsamer. Art Components. Bangkok : Thaiwattana Panich, 2539. Thaweedech Jewbang. Creative Art. Bangkok : Odean store, 2537 Prasert Sinrattana. Aesthetic of Visual Art. Bangkok : Odean store, 2542. Prasert Sinrattana. Understanding of Art. Bangkok : Odean store, 2525. Manop Thanormsri. Art and Life 4. Bangkok : Mac press company ltd., 2542. Malichard Uaarnon. Aesthetic and Art Criticism : Chulalongkorn University press, 2553 Viroon Thangchareon, Amnaj Yensabai. Creating Art 4. Bangkok : Aksorn Chareonthat, not exist. Academic, Department. Theory and Praticing Art Criticsm. Bangkok : Kurusapha trade organization, 2533. Academic, Department. Art and Life M 1-6. Bangkok : Kurusapha trade organization, 2536. Wirat Pichayapaiboon. The Understanding of Art. Bangkok : Thaiwattana Panich, 2524. Wirat Pichayapaiboon. The Knowledge of Art. Bangkok : Thaiwattana Panich, 2520. Winyu Subprapha et al. Art and Life M 1-6. Bangkok : Prasarnmitr, 2535. Silpa Bhirasri. Theory of Component, Bangkok : Thailand Fine Arts Department, 2447. Soodjai Thosaporn and Chodok Kengkhetkij. Art and Life M 1-6. Bangkok : Thaiwattana Panich, 2536 Aree Sutthipan. Popular Art. Bangkok : Kradartsa, 2528.

119 Organizing Committee Advisors Secretary General, ONIE. 1. Mr.Prasert Boonruang Deputy Secretary General, ONIE. 2. Dr. Chaiyosh Imsuwan Deputy Secretary General, ONIE. 3. Watcharin Jumpee Advisor for curriculum development, ONIE. 4. Dr. Thongyoo Kaewsaiha Director of distance learning development group. 5. Ms. Rakkana Thantawutho Writers and Compilers Retired government officials. 1. Mr. Wiwatchai Chantharasukon NFE Development group 2. Mr. Surapong Munmano Editors and Developers Retired government officials. 1. Mr. Wiwatchai Chantharasukon Retired government officials. 2. Mr. Chamnong Wanvichai ONIE, Buriram province. 3. Ms. Saran-orn Pattanpaisal NFE Southern Regional Office 4. Mr. Chaiyan Maneesa-ard NFE Eastern Regional Office 5. Mr. Saridchai Siriporn NFE Eastern Regional Office 6. Ms. Chorthip Siriporn NFE Development group 7. Mr. Suphachote Srirattanasilp Working group NFE Development group 1. Mr. Surapong Munmano NFE Development group 2. Mr. Suphachote Srirattanasilp NFE Development group 3. Ms. Wannaporn Pattamanond NFE Development group 4. Ms. Sarinya Kulpradit NFE Development group 5. Ms. Pecharin Luangjitwattana Typists of the original copy NFE Development group 1. Ms. Piyawadee Kanesom

120 2. Ms. Pecharin Luangjitwattana NFE Development group 3. Ms. Korawan Kaweewongpipat NFE Development group 4. Ms. Chalinee Thamthisa NFE Development group 5. Ms. Alisara Banchee NFE Development group Cover Designer 1. Mr. Suphachote Srirattanasilp NFE Development group

121 Developers and Reformers (2nd revision) Advisors Secretary General, ONIE. Mr.Prasert Boonruang Deputy Secretary General, ONIE. Mr. Chaiyosh Imsuwan Deputy Secretary General, ONIE. Wacharin Jumpee Specialist in learning and teaching materials development Ms. Watanee Chanokul Specialist in education promotion. Ms. Chuleeporn Patininnart Head of educational supervisor. Ms. Anchalee Thamviteekul Director of NFE Development Group Ms. Suthinee Ngarmkhet Developers and Reformers (2nd revision) Mr. Surapong Munmano NFE Development Group Mr. Suphachote Srirattanasilp NFE Development Group Mr. Kittipong Chanwongse NFE Development Group Ms. Phain Sae Ung NFE Development Group Ms. Pecharin Luangjitwattana NFE Development Group