JT -1/ MAL-AT tIcf]mTm-hen ae-bmfw Ãm≥tU¿Uv VIII tIc-f-k¿°m¿ hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v Xbm-dm-°n-bXv kwÿm\\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw 2015
tZio-b-Km\\w P\\KWa\\ A[n\\mbI Pbtl `mcX `mKyhn[mXm, ]©m_kn‘p KpPdmØ admTm {ZmhnU DXv°e _wKm, hn‘ylnamNe bap\\mKwKm, D—ePe[nXcwKm, Xhip`\\mta PmtK, Xhip` Binj amtK, Kmtl Xh PbKmYm P\\KWawKeZmbI Pbtl `mcX `mKyhn[mXm. Pbtl, Pbtl, Pbtl, Pb Pb Pb Pbtl! {]Xn⁄ C¥y Fs‚ cmPyamWv. F√m C¥y°mcpw Fs‚ ktlmZco ktlmZc∑mcmWv. Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kv-t\\ln°p∂p; kºq¿Whpw sshhn[y ]q¿Whpamb AXns‚ ]mcºcyØn¬ Rm≥ A`nam\\wsIm≈p∂p. Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm]nXm°sfbpw Kpcp°∑mscbpw apXn¿∂hscbpw _lpam\\n°pw. Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPyØns‚bpw Fs‚ \\m´pImcpsSbpw t£aØn\\pw sFizcyØn\\pw th≠n {]bXv\\n°pw. State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala. website : www.scert.kerala.gov.in email : [email protected] phone : 0471-2341883, Fax : 0471-2341869 First Edition : 2015 Printed at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi
{]nb hnZym¿YnItf, \\ΩpsS `mjbpw kwkvIm-chpw kº-∂-amb ]mc-º-cy- ß-fm¬ Aew-Ir-X-am-Wt√m. ae-bm-f-w C∂v t{ijvT `mjm]Z-hn-bn-te°pb¿∂v temI\\ne-hm-c-Øn-se-Øn. `mjs- b°- pd- n®v IqSpX- ¬ Adnb- m\\pw kmlnXy- - ˛- k- - - mwkvIm- cn-I-X-e-ß-sf-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ [mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\\pw \\mw ]cn-{i-an-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. I≠pw tI´pw A\\p-`-hn®pw Adn™ Imcy-߃ Bhn- jvI-cn-°m\\pw hmb-\\-bn-eqsS ]pXnb A\\p-`-h-߃ kzmb- Ø-am-°m\\pw km[n-°p-tºm-gmWv `mjm-]-T\\w A¿Y- hØm-Ip-∂-Xv. A`n-cp-Nn°-\\p-k-cn®v `mjm-hy-h-lm-c-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm\\pw A\\p-tbm-Py-amb ]T-\\m-\\p-`-h-߃ t\\Sm\\pw Cu ]mT-]p- kvXIw klm-b-I-am-Ip-sa∂v {]Xo£n°p-∂p. kvt\\lmiwkItfmsS, tUm. Fkv. cho-{μ≥\\m-b¿ UbdŒ¿ Fkv.kn.C.B¿.Sn. JT -/ MAL-AT
inev]imebn¬ ]s¶SpØh¿ • F_n ]m∏-®≥, anemtZ sj-do^v -F-®v.-F-kv.Fkv, ssa\\m-K-∏-≈n, sIm√w • F. keow, Kh.-tKƒkv F-®v.-F-kv, s\\Sp-a-ßm-Sv, Xncp-h-\\¥-]pcw • F®v. jΩn- tem-d≥kv, sk‚ v tPmk^vkv F®v.Fkv.-Fkv, Xncp-h-\\-¥-]pcw • tUm. Fw. _me≥, Fkv.-F-kv.-F, Imk-d-tKmUv • Fw. ssie-P-, Kh.-F-®v.-F-kv, Xncq-c-ßm-Sn, ae-∏pdw • Fw. {iol¿j≥, \\{º-ØvIc bp.-]n.- kvIqƒ, sImbn-em≠n • sI. cmtPjvIp-am¿, Kh. F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. cma-]p-cw, Be-∏pg • tP°_v Ad-bv°¬, am¿tØmΩ sslkvIqƒ, NÆ-t∏-´, sIm√w • Sn.-_n. APo-jvIp-am¿, Kh. sslkvIqƒ a∂mw-I-≠w, ASn-am-en, CSp°n • ]n. bln-b, Kh.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-Fkv, ]øm-\\-°¬, tImgn-t°mSv • _m_p tImSw-th-en¬, Kh.-F-®v.-F-kv.-Fkv Inkn-aw, ]Ø-\\w-Xn´ • hnt\\m-bvtXm-a-kv, Kh.-F-®v.-F-kv.-Fkv t]cn-b, hb-\\mSv • inh-Zmkv s]mbn¬°m-hv, Xncp-h-ßq¿ F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv, tImgn-t°mSv Nn{Xc- N\\ • tUm. tkma≥ IS-eq¿, kvIqƒ Hm^v t^mIvtem¿ ÃUo-kv, tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-ime • kptcjv NmenbØv, Kh.F®v.Fkv. IpdpI, ae∏pdw • cmP≥ IS-ep-≠n, ^tdm°v, tImgn-t°mSv • hnt\\mZv ]´m-Wn-∏m-d, t]cm-{º, tImgn-t°mSv hnZK- v[]- c- nt- im[- \\ • {io. ]n. \\mcmbWtat\\m≥, dn´. {]^k¿, tIcfh¿a tImtfP,v Xriq¿ • tUm. F≥. apIp-μ≥, ap≥ ta-[mhn, ae-bm-f-hn-`m-Kw, tIc-f -k¿h-I-em-ime • tUm. kn. \\mcm-b-W-]n-≈, dn´. {]^-k¿, Kh. s{Sbv\\n-Mv tIm-tfPv, Xncp-h-\\-¥-]pcw • tUm. hnPb≥ NmtemSv, Fkv.Fkv.F. IÆq¿ • AP-b≥ ]\\-b-d, Akn. {]^-k¿, Kh. hna≥kv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h\\-¥-]pcw • km_p tIm´p-°¬, Akn. {]^-k¿, bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h\\-¥-]pcw A°mZanIv tImUnt\\‰¿ • Fw.kn. tPmkvIp-´n, dnk¿®v Hm^ok¿, Fkv.kn.C.B¿.Sn. tIcfw
D≈-S°w 1 C\\n- Rm\\pW¿∂n-cn°mw 7 2 • km{μ-kulrZw ................................................. 8 • AΩΩ .................................................................. 10 • hgn-bm{X .............................................................. 13 hmbv°p∂p `qan°v h¿W-߃ 19 • ]q°-fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw ..................................... 20 • Im¿ap-In-en\\v KZy-Øn¬ Hcp A¿®-\\m-KoXw ................................. 24 • ap‡I- ߃ .............................................................. 27 3 A\\y-Po-h-\\p-XIn kzPo-hnXw 31 • Fs‚ Kpcp-\\m-Y≥ ............................................. 32 47 4 • `qan-bpsS kz]v\\w .............................................. 35 • thZw ....................................................................... 40 Imew Z¿in® ckm-\\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ • amWnIyhoW .......................................................... 48 • [¿Ωn-jvT-\\mb cmt[-b≥ .................................... 50 • s]cp-¥-®≥ ............................................................... 58 5 Ie-X≥ Im¥n X´p-tºmƒ 65 • Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw ............................................. 66 • Io¿Øn-ap{Z .......................................................... 70 • Ifn-b-—≥ P\\n-°p∂p ...................................... 75 • IhnX-tbmSv .......................................................... 79
C\\n Rm\\pW- ¿∂nc- n°mw 7 1 C\\n Rm\\pW- ¿∂Nnn{c- X-hn°¿W-ßmwƒ hm¿[I- yØ- n\\v Xmßpw XWe- pa- mbn kvIqƒhn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ hSIc : \\ne-hn-fn-°m≥ t]mep-am-ImsX -£-c-a-√, AΩ F∂ Hscm‰-£-c-am- hm¿[-Iy-Øn¬ s\\m¥p-I-gn-bp∂ apØ- sWs‚ aeb- mfw' F∂ hcnI- fps- S- N¿®- —\\pw apØ-»n°pw Bizmkw ]I-cm≥ bv°n-S-bn-emWv hS-I-c-bnse Hcp hr≤- Xbmd- mbn Hcp]- ‰w Ipcp∂- p- hnZ- ym¿YnI- ƒ. k-Z-\\-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂, Bdp a°sf ]d-ºn¬ F¬.-]n.-kvIqƒ hnZym¿Yn-I- {]k-hn® AΩsb-∏‰n AarX ]d-™- fmWv thZ-\\bpw IjvS-∏mSpw \\nd-™- Xv. Pohn-X-km-bm”Øn¬ H‰-s∏-Sp-∂-h- h¿°v km¥z-\\-ta-Im≥ ssItIm¿°p-∂- sc-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°m≥ Ip´n-Iƒ Hcp-ßn-bn- Xv. hm¿[-Iy-am-bm¬ PohnXw ]n∂m-ºp-d- d-ßn. kvIqƒ ]cn-k-cØv Fgp-]-Ø©p tIm-em-bnepw Ccp-´p-ap-dn-I-fnepw hr≤-k- hb- n\\p apI-fn-ep≈ ]{¥≠v t]sc Z-\\-ß-fn-ep-a-s√∂pw Pohn-X-km-bm”w Ch¿ t\\cn¬ I-≠p. kvt\\lw sImXn- Cfw-X-e-ap-d-bvs°m-∏-am-I-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ °p∂ Ah-cpsS IÆp-I-fmWv, Ah¿°v {]Jym-]-\\-amWv Ip´n-Iƒ \\S-Øn-b-Xv. Bizmk- t- aI- m\\- p≈ ]≤Xn Bhnj- vIc- n- °m≥ kvIqfnse A[ym-]-I¿°pw A©mw-Xcw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse hnZym¿YnI- ƒ°pw t{]cW- b- mb- X- v. Ip™p-Æn-am-jpsS \"ae-bm-f-sa∂ \\me Cu ]{X-hm¿Ø-tbmSv \\nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-sa-¥mWv? N¿®sNøp-I.
8 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen km{μkulrZw kmμo-]-\\o-Krtl ]≠p kml-km¬ Ign-™Xpw \\mw kmZcw thZ-im-kv{X-ß-f-`y-kn-®Xpw km{μ-ku-lr-Z-kw-_‘w \\Ωn-ep-≠m-bXpw ktJ! kmc-\\mb `hm-s\\m∂pw ad-∂n-√√o? Kpcp-]-Xv\\o-\\n-tbm-tK\\ IZm-N\\ \\msa-√mcpw Hcp-an®p hnd-In-√m-™n´p t]mbXpw s]cp-¶m-´n¬ ]p°n-‘-\\-sam-Sn-®p-sI-´n-h-®Xpw Acp-W-\\-kvX-an-®Xpw ad-∂n-√√o? Iqcn-cp-´p-am-I-kvan-I-am-sbmcp alm-a-gbpw IqSn-h∂p sImSp-¶m‰pw IqSo-´-kvamIw taml-tasd hf¿Ø-Xpap-j-t∏mfw XI¿ØXpw Duln-®-SpØp \\msa-√m-sam-cp-an-®Xpw ]m¿Øn-cn-bmsX ]d-∂p-t]m-an-°m‰-sØ-∂pƒ°m-ºn˛ tem¿sØmcp Xpc-∏n-\\p-≈n-sem-fn-®-t\\ym\\yw
C\\n Rm\\pW- ¿∂nc- n°mw 9 tIm¿Øp ssIIƒ ]nSn-®Xpw ]ns∂-t∏-Sn-XocpwhÆw am¿Øm-fi-\\pap-Zn®Xpw ad-∂n-√√o? Xm]-k-\\-¥n-°p -\\-tΩ-°m-Wm-™n´p ]Xv\\n-tbmSp tIm]n-®Xpw ]pe¿Imte Xnc-™p-Im-◊m≥ Xm]w]q≠p Xmt\\ ]pd-s∏-´-t\\cw Ipfp¿∂p \\mw t]Sn®p hndIpw sIm≠-cn-In¬ sN∂N-Xpnw{,X-h¿W-߃ sNtΩ hoWp-\\-a-kvI-cn-®Xpw alm-ap\\n tamZm¬ \\sΩ-sb-√m-a-\\p-{K-ln-®Xpw tXm∂pt∂m? \\∑ \\ap-°-tX-bp≈q Kpcp-I-Sm£w IqSmsX P∑-km-^eyw hcptam P\\n-®m-em¿°pw. (IptN-e-hrØw h©n-∏m´v) ˛cma-]p-c-Øv hm-cy¿ ² Imhy-`mKw DNnXamb `mhXmfßtfmsS AhXcn∏n°pI. ² kXo¿Yys\\ I≠t∏mƒ IrjvW\\p≠mb Hm¿ΩIƒ Fs¥√mw? ² ]g-b-Im-e- Imh- y`- mj- b- psS Fs¥√mw {]tXyI- XI- ƒ ]mT`- mK- Øp≠?v Is≠Ønsbg- pX- pI- . ² kam-\\ Xmf-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ Is≠-ØpI: • Ipieam¿Kßf∂p tIƒ°pambncp∂n√ \\o hnik\\w kpJnIsf hn⁄cm°p∂p. • IYbaa IYbaa IYIfXnkmZcw ImIp¬ÿeoeIƒ tI´m¬ aXnhcm • \\∑ \\ap°tXbp≈q KpcpISm£w IqSmsX P∑km^eyw hcptam P\\n®mem¿°pw ² ka`mh\\ hf¿Øp∂hbmbncp∂p {]mNo\\ KpcpIpe߃˛\"km{μkulrZw' F∂ ]mT`mKw Bkv]Zam°n Cu {]kvXmh\\ hnebncpØpI. ² injycpsS {]Xnk‘nIfn¬ X]n°p∂ Kpcp; {]Xnk‘nIsf ssItIm¿Øv t\\cnSp∂ injy¿. km{μkulrZw F∂ IhnXbnse a\\ n¬ Xßn\\n¬°p∂ Nn{XßfmWt√m Ch. \\nßfpsS hnZymebØnse kulrZm¥co£sØ°pdn®v Hc\\p`h°pdn∏v Xbmdm°pI.
10 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen AΩΩ CØ-hW kvIqƒ Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ Xs‚ aq∂m-asØ t]c-°p-´n-sbbpw kvIqfn¬ tN¿°m≥ B AΩΩ h∂n-cp-∂p. hoSn-\\SpØ temh¿ ss{]adn hnZym-e-b-Øn¬\\n∂v \\memw ¢mkv Ign-™- t∏mƒ Ah-s\\bpw tlmì kuI-cy-ap≈ kvIqfn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cpI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aqØ c≠p- t]-scbpw CtX {]mb-Øn¬Øs∂-bmWv B kvIqfn-te°v AΩΩ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. Ah-cn¬ aqØ-h≥ Ct∏mƒ H≥]-Xn-se-Øn. Xmsg-bp-≈-bmƒ Ggn-epw. C\\n AΩΩ Xs‚ sNdnb ho´n¬ H‰-bv°m-Wv. Ht∂m¿Øm¬ AΩΩbv°v Bizm-k-am-Wv. F∂m¬, Nn¥-Iƒ s]cp-Ip-t¥mdpw alm-k-¶-S-ß-fpw. \\mep-h¿jw-apºp aqØ-Ip-´nsb kvIqfn¬ hnSm≥ h∂-t∏m-gmWv AΩΩsb BZyw ImWp- ∂Xv, Ic-®n¬ hSp-sI-´nb apJw a\\- ns‚ `nØn-bn¬ ]Xn™pInS-∂p. sh{]m-f-s∏´ \\SØw s]mdp-Xn-sI´ P∑-Øn-t‚-Xm-sW∂pw Rm≥ Xncn-®-dn-™p. IqsS-bp≈ Ip´n°p tlmÃ-en¬ Xma- kn-°m-s\\m∂pw Xm¬∏-cy-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AΩΩbpsS kmcn-bn¬Øqßn Ah≥ NnWp-ßn-b-Xv,
C\\n Rm\\pW- ¿∂nc- n°mw 11 JT -/ MAL-AT B kvIqfn¬ Xs∂ tN¿t°≠ F∂p ]d-bm- sIm≠p-h-cp∂ ]Ww-sIm-s≠-¶nepw Ahs‚ \\m-Wv. sNdnb Ip´n-bt√, tlmì PohnXw apJw sXfn-b-s´-sb∂pw Ie-l-an-√m-Xm-h-s´- kzoI-cn-°m-s\\m∂pw Bbn-´n-√-t√m. AΩ-Ω- sb∂pw AΩΩ B{K-ln-®p ImW-Ww. ]t£, bpsS kvt\\lw \\pI¿∂v aXn-bm-bn-´p-≠m-hn-√- Ah\\v Hcp am‰hpw h∂n-√. AΩ-hn-f°v DuXn- t√m Ah-\\v. AΩΩbpsS IÆp-\\n-d-™p. Dd- s°-SpØn ]d-°-ap-‰mØ aq∂p a°sf Ccp-´n- ™p-Iq-Snb k¶-S-߃ Aen-s™m-gp-Im≥ XpS- te°p X≈n Ah-cpsS Ic-®n-ep-Iƒ°p ImXp- ßn. s]m∂p-a-°sf F{X emfn-®m-emWp Xs‚ sIm-Sp-°msX Ah≥ Ftßmt´m HmSn-t∏m-bn. sImXnb- S- ß- pI- F∂v AΩΩ Ft∂mSp Xncn®p tNmZn-®p. aq∂p a°-fpsS `mcw Xmßm≥ Ign- AsXms°Nn{IXg-hn-™¿Wn-´n-t-ß∏mƒƒF´p h¿j-am- bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv aqØ-hs\\ tlmÃ-en¬ tN¿°m≥ Xocp-am-\\n-®-Xv. AΩ-bn-√mØ aq∂p bn. Ic-bmØ H‰Znhkw t]mepw ]ns∂ a°-sf-bmWp Xm≥ t]m‰p-∂-sX∂v AΩΩ ]d- AΩΩbpsS Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-´n-√. t]c-°p- ™t- ∏mƒ apJsØ Npfnh- pI- f- nt- e°pw IdpØ ´n-Iƒ°p hnf-ºn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ I™nbn¬ ]mSp-I-fn-te°pw Rm≥ t\\m°n. IÆocp∏v F{X hoW-en-™n-´p-s≠∂pw AΩΩbv°dn-bn-√. tlmÃ-en-ep≈ Ip´nsb tXhn-tØhn h‰n-t∏mb InW-dmWv apºn¬. CSbv°v h∂p ImWpw AΩΩ. Ahs‚ Bh- F∂mepw s]mSn-bp-∂p≠v sXfn-\\o-cv. F{X Zqc- iy-ßfpw Bh-em-Xn-Ifpw tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Øp-\\n-∂mWv B AΩΩ hcp-∂Xv! XpWnk©n-bn¬\\n∂p ]n™n-°o-dnb t]gvkv ]pd-sØ-SpØv AΩΩ \\n∂p ]cpßp-∂Xp Ahs\\ kvIqfnepw tlmÃ-enepw tN¿Øp Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. Nn√-d-Øp-´p-I-fn¬ IÆo-cp- aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-tºmƒ AΩΩ Gßn°c-™p. \\-\\®v AΩΩ Ah\\p sImSp-°pw. hmin-]n-Sn- Aßs\\ Ic-bp∂ Hc-Ω-Ωsb Pohn-X-Øn¬ ®n´p Imcya- ns- √∂v Adnb- mh- p∂- X- ps- Im≠v Ah- BZy-ambn ImWp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A{Xbv°p \\Xv taSn-°pw. F{Xtbm XhW Rm\\Xp I≠n- s]cp-Ip∂ k¶-S-ß-fpsS A¿Yw ]n∂o-Sm-sW- ´p-≠v. \\n°p a\\- n-em-b-Xv. c≠p-h¿jw Ign-™-t∏mƒ c≠m-a-Ø-h- hn[-h-bmWv B AΩΩ. aq∂p t]c-°p-´n-I- t\\bpw tlmÃ-en¬ tN¿Øp. Ct∏mƒ aq∂m-a- sfbpw t]m‰nhf¿Øm≥ AΩΩXs∂ A[zm- Ø-h-s\\bpw! IÆocv \\\\®p \\¬tI≠ Nn√-d- \\n-°-Ww. aq∂m-asØ t]c-°p-´n°p c≠p hb- Øp-´p-I-fpsS FÆw h¿[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. B p-≈-t∏m-gmWp Ip´n-I-fpsS AΩ ac-W-s∏-Sp- t]gvkm-hs´, IqSp-X¬ ]n™n-°o-dp-Ibpw ∂-Xv. B acWw km[m-cWac-Wtam Zp¿Ω-c- sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Wtam Bbn-cp-∂n-s√∂v AΩΩ ]d-™-t∏m- gmWv AΩΩbpsS IÆocv Xnf-ßp∂ Hcp aq∂p Ip´n-I-sfbpw tlmÃ-en¬ sIm≠p-hn- kqNn-bmbn amdn-bXpw Fs‚ IÆn¬ sIm≠ ´t- XmsS AΩΩ h√mX- mb- n´- p≠- v. a°f- psS NqSn- Xpw F\\n°p IÆo¿ s]mSn-™Xpw. √mØ ho´n¬ AΩΩ XWpØp hnd-bv°p-∂p- ≠m-h-Ww. icn°pw Dd-ßm≥ ]‰p-∂p-≠m-hn- B aIƒ Htcsbmcp aIfmbn-cp∂p. s√∂v Adn-bmw. GIm-¥X Ak-l-\\o-b-am-bn- cn-°pw. AΩ-bn-√mØ Ip´n-Isf s\\t©mSp BWpw s]Æp-ambn H∂v. tN¿Øp]nSn-®mWp hf¿tØ-≠-sX∂v AΩΩbv°dnb- m™- n´- √- . Ahc- psS Bhi- yß- - Ah-fpsS `¿Ømhv XnI™ aZy-]m-\\n-bm-bn- sfm∂pw \\nd-th-‰m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw cp∂- p. Iel- n® PohnX- Ø- n¬\\n∂pX- s- ∂b- mWv Ah-cpsS ]T\\- s- Ø-s®m√n henb {]Xo£- I- ƒ aq∂p Ip´n-Ifpw ]nd-∂-Xv. D≈X- ps- Im≠pw am{Xa- mWv Ahsc tlmÃe- n¬ hn´Xv. Ct∏mƒ CS-bv°nsS aq∂p t]tcbpw emfn®p hf¿Ønb Xs‚ aIsf AΩΩ Hcn- ImWm≥ AΩΩ hcpw. °epw tPmen-sN-øm≥ hn´n-√. ]Icw AΩΩ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ t]mbn. AΩΩ ]Wn-sNbvXp
12 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen AΩΩbpsS ImXpI- ƒ \\·a- ms- W∂p apºp- ap≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS s_©n-emWp Xs‚ a°ƒ Xs∂ Rm≥ {i≤n-®n-´p-≠v. kqcy-In-c-W-߃ Ccn-°p-∂-sX∂v AΩΩbv°dn-bmw. AXns‚ \\nd-ß-sfm-s°bpw Ih¿s∂-Sp-Øp sIm≠p k¶-S-ß-sfm∂pw Ah¿°p-≠m-h-cp-Xv. t]mb Htc-sbmcp kmcn-bmWv AΩΩ F∂pw [cn-°m-dv. CubnsS as‰m-∂p-IqSn Rm≥ {i≤n- AΩΩ aSß- nt- ∏mI- p∂ t\\cw ¢mknse So®- ®p. AΩΩ sNcp∏pw [cn-°m-dn-√. `qan-bpsS dpsS imk-\\-t]mepw hI-h-bv°msX G‰hpw ImXn¬ almk- ¶- S- ß- ƒ Adnb- n°- p∂ ]mZß- ƒ Cf-b-h≥ hmXn¬°¬ sN∂p-\\n∂v AΩtΩ hn≠p-s]m-´n-bn-´p≠v. sb∂v Dds° hnfn-®Xpw Hcn-°¬ Rm≥ tI´p. aq∂p a°-tfbpw Ãm^vdqan¬ sIm≠p-h∂v Fs‚ thhe- mXn ]t£ AsXm∂- pa- √- . Ip´n- Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-Isc ImWpw AΩΩ. Fs‚ Iƒ hf-cp-I-bm-Wv. h¿W-Øn-f-∏ns‚ temIw a°sf s]m∂p-t]mse t\\m°-tW-sb-∂p- bm- hfsc s]s´∂v Ahsc am‰n-a-dn-°pw. shbn-en- Nn-°pw. ]Tn-∏n®p Ic-I-b-‰tW F∂p -]-d-bpw. eqsS \\S∂p \\S∂v \\ndwaßnb AΩΩbpsS C‚¿sh¬k-a-bØp aq∂p-t]-scbpw Iq´n kmcn-bn-te°p shdp-t∏msS Ah¿ t\\m°pw. AΩΩ Aßm-Sn-bn-te-°n-d-ßpw. aq∂p-t]cpw AΩΩbpsS kmcn-bn¬ Xqßn-bmWp \\S-°p- At∂cw AΩΩbpsS IÆocv IÆp-I- I. Ah¿°v HØncn Bh-iy-ß-fp-≠v; Bh-em- fn¬\\n∂v ]n≥hm-ßp-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]mZ-ß-fnse Xn-I-fp-≠v. Nmb-°-S-bn-te°v Ahsc sIm≠p- hn≈-ep-I-fn-eqsS tNmc-bm-bn... t]mIpw AΩΩ. s]mtdm-´bpw ]gw-s]m-cnbpw taSn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pw. t]\\, sNcp-∏v, s_¬‰v, hø. tNm°-te-‰v... Ah-cpsS sNdnb sNdnb Bh- AΩΩsb°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-°mt\\ hø. iy-߃°v Ah-km-\\-an-√. A—\\pw AΩ-bp- (Ce-™n-∏q-a-W-ap≈ \\m´p-h-gn-Iƒ) ˛]n-. kp-tc-{μ≥ ² \"\"A{Xbv°p s]cpIp∂ k¶SßfpsS A¿Yw ]n∂oSmsW\\n°v a\\ nembXv.'' AΩΩbpsS k¶-S-ß-fpsS Imc-W-sa-¥mhmw? ² AΩΩbpsS khntijXIƒ ImhymflIambn AhXcn∏n°p∂ Ht´sd {]tbmK߃ ]mT`mKØp≠v. Ah Is≠Øn Hm¿Ω°pdn∏n\\v Ah F{Xam{Xw NmcpXtbIp∂p F∂p ]cntim[n°pI. ² h¿WØnf∏ns‚ temIw a\\pjy_‘ßsf s]s´∂v am‰nadn°p∂pthm? IpSpw-__‘߃ DujvafamtI≠Xns‚ {]m[m\\ysØ°pdn®v Hcp {]kwKw Xbmdm°pI. ² h∂p + C√ ˛ h∂n√ tXhn + tXhn ˛ tXhn-tØhn ag + C√ ˛ agbn√ hn¨ + Xew -˛ hn≠ew A£c-߃ IqSnt®-cp-tºmƒ \\mep-Xcw am‰-ß-ƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv I≠t√m. IqSp-X¬ DZm-l- c-W-߃ Is≠Øp-I. ² AΩΩ F∂ IYm]m{XsØ°p-dn®v \\ncq]Ww Xbmdm°pI.
C\\n Rm\\pW- ¿∂nc- n°mw 13 hgn-bm{X Nn{X-h¿W-߃ ]≠sØ hgn-bm{X F{X kpJ-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn- Ah, D∏pw apfIpw t]msc-¶n¬ AXv, As√- ¶n¬ Ce, Nne-t∏m-sgms° tamcpw Nn√-d-°-dn- °Ww! C∂sØ a[y-h-b-kvIcpw sNdp-∏-°m Ifpw ˛ hmßn s]mXn-b-gn®v DuWp-I-gn-™v, cpw AXns‚ Ah-km-\\-L-´-߃ am{Xta I≠n- ho´p-Im-c\\p-ambn Xs‚ \\m´nse hnti-j-߃ cn-°p-I-bp-≈q. Hcp \\m´n≥]p-d-Øp-Im-c\\p ]´- ]d™v Dd-ßp-∂p. shfp-°p-∂-Xn-\\p-apºv Fgp- W-Øn¬ H∂p t]mI-Ww. ]Øp-\\m¬∏Xp t∂‰p bm{X-Xp-S-cp-∂p. s]mXn-t®m-dns‚ ]cn- \\mgnI hgnb- p≠- v. Hcp tIkpI- mc- yØ- nt\\m at‰m [n°pw Atß-∏p-d-amWv D±n-jvS-ÿew F¶n¬ BWp t]mtI-≠-Xv. h≠n-bn-√, h≈-an-√. Acnbpw kmam-\\-ßfpw sIm≠p-t]m-hpI F∂ Im¬\\SX- s∂ Ahew_- w. CSb- vs°ßpw Nmb- Hcp G¿∏mSpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. GXm-bmepw °-S-Ifpw im∏mSp tlm´-ep-Ifpw h∂p-tN¿∂n- s]mXn-t®mdv Bcpw Hcn-°epw Dt]-£n-®n-cp-∂n- ´p-an-√. AØmgw BIp-tºm-tg°p `mcy s]mXn- √. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, AXn-\\p≈ cpNn H∂p t®m¿ Xbm-dm-°n-°-gn-bp-∂p. AS-bv°m-a-c-Øn {]tXyI- a- mW- v. \"s]mXnt- ®md- pÆ- mØ- h- \\pw sN¶- se ]mf hm¿s∂-SpØv NoIn Hcp°n AXn-\\-I- Æp-h-cm-Øh\\pw' PohnXkpJw A-\\p-`-hn-®n-´n- ØmWv s]mXn-t®mdv. \\√ \\nem-hp≈ cm{Xn s√-∂mWv Hcp ]d-®n¬. CXpw FSpØp hnZzm≥ Xncn-°p-I-bm-Wv. t\\c tØ ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]Xn-\\©p ]Xn- Cßs\\ H∂pw Icp-XmsX t]mIp∂ Iq´cpw \\mdp \\mgnI Zqsc-s®-∂mWv Dd-ßp-I. \"\"Bfl D≠v. A\\y-∑m-cpsS HuZm-cy-Øn¬ ZrV-ambn h¬ k¿h`- qX- m\\n'' F∂ {]amW- {- ]I- mcw GsX- hniz-kn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ t]m°mWv CXv. Cu ¶nepw Hcp ho´n¬ Ibdn X\\n°v GtXm Ah- t]m°n\\v DØcw ]d-tb-≠Xv Zqsc-Zn-°p-I-fn¬ Imiw D≈X- pt- ]mse, ]m{Xß- ƒ thWs- a¶- n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ ]mh-s∏´ Krl-ÿ∑m-cpsS
14 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ BWv. hgn-°m¿°v tNmdp-sIm- °p-I-bm-Wv. AXn¬ Aºm-k-ap-{Z-°m-c≥ Hcp Sp-°pI A°m-esØ [\\-hm-∑m-cpsS Krl-Ir- sN´n-bm¿, ]d-hq¿°m-c≥ Hcp sslt°m-S-Xn-°- Xy-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ho´n¬ D≈- £n, ]Ø-\\m-]p-c-Øp-Im-c≥ Hcp ssaXo≥]n® h¿s°√mwIqSn AØm-g-Øn\\p aq∂n-S-ßgn apX-emfn, Nh-d-°m-c≥ Hcp Krl-ÿ≥, s]cn- Acn-bpsS tNmdp-aXn-sb-∂n-cp-∂mepw AhnsS ß-\\m-´p-Im-c≥ Hcp \\ºym-Xn, Xpºa¨Im-c≥ ]Xn-\\-©n-S-ßgn Acn-bmWp hbv°p-∂-Xv. Hcp hm[ym¿, {]m°p-fØpIm-c≥ Hcp tcmKn, AXn¬ ]{¥-≠n-S-ß-gn-bpsS tNmdpw hgn-bm-{X- amth-en-°c°m-c≥ Hcp a{¥-hmZntPym’y≥ °m-cmWp X´p-∂-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ Ccp-]-Øn-\\m- F∂n-ß-s\\-bmWp bm{X-°m¿. BZyw Bcpw en-S-ß-gn-°p≈ Bfp-Iƒ ht∂-°m\\pw aXn. ]c-kv]cw Adn-bmsX Hcp \\mgnI Ah-c-h-cpsS ASp-°-f-am{Xw `qtem-I-am-°n-°-gn-bp∂ A∂ ÿm\\-ß-fn¬ Ccn-°p-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw ]d- sØ Krl-\\m-bn-I-am¿ an° Znh-k-ß-fnepw hq¿°m-c≥ Nh-d-tbmSp tNmZn-°p-I-bmWv: Hgn™ hb-dp-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-sS-bmWv Dd-°-Øn- te°p Nmbp-∂-Xv. \"\"tN´m, NpÆm-ºpt≠m?'' A{]-Imcw tNmdp sImSp-°pI Krl-ÿ-¿°v AXn-s\\-Øp-S¿∂p kw`m-j-Whpw Bbn. Hcp A¥- m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS {]kn≤n CXns‚ G‰-°p-d-®n¬ A\\p-k-cn®v {]N-cn®pw {]m°pfw s]cn-ß-\\m-Sn-t\\mSv: h∂n-cp-∂p. A∂sØ h¿Ø-am\\ ]{X-ß-fm-bn- cp∂p hgn-t]m-°¿. {]kn≤n IqSp-t¥mdpw Krl- \"\"Xncp-ta\\o! H∂p amdn-bn-cn-°tW!'' ÿs‚ IShpw h¿[n®- ph- c- pI \\n›b- a- mW- v. HSp- hn¬ IpSpw-_-Øn\\p {]kn≤n D≠m-°nb Krl- AXns\\ØpS¿∂p kw`m-j-Whpw Bbn. \\mY- ≥ ivaim\\- `- qa- nb- nt- e°- pw ]n≥XpS- ¿®°- m¿ sXcp-hn-te°pw Hcp-an®p bm{X-bm-hp-Ibpw Xpº-a¨ amth-en-°-c-tbmSp ]d-bp-I-bmWv: Akm-[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. \"\"DjvWw Aklyw! F¥m-Wmthm sNtø- Cu amX- ncn hgnb- m{- XI- fpw hn{ia- ß- fpw ]e ≠Xv?'' _‘ß- ƒ°pw ImcW- a- mb- nØ- o¿∂n´- p≠- v. Nne Krl-ß-fnse HuZm-cyhpw {]Xm-]hpw a‰pw AXns\\ØpS¿∂p kw`m-jWhpw Bbn. Xpeyÿ- m\\- nI- c- mb bm{X°- msc B Krlß- fp- am-bp≈ Zmº-Xy-_-‘-Øn\\p t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw t\\cw k‘y-bm-Ip-tºm-tg°v Aºm-k-ap{Zw XZ-\\p-k-cWw Btem-N-\\-Iƒ D≠m-hp-Ibpw sN´n-bmcpw amth-en-°c tPym’y-\\pw-IqSn \\h- hnhm-l-߃ \\S-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. GXm- Z-º-Xn-am-sc-t∏mse ASp-Ø-SpØp InS-°p-∂Xp bmepw ho´n¬\\n∂p Xncn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ ImWmw. s]cnß-\\m´p \\ºym-Xn-bpsS ]qWq¬ Hcmƒ \"\"C∂v AØmgw C∂ ho´n¬, \\msf ]Ø-\\m-]pcw ssaXo≥]n-®-bpsS \\o≠ XmSn- ImesØ I™n C∂ ho´n¬'' F∂n-ßs\\ bn¬ Ipcpß- nb- nc- n°- p∂- Xp ImWmw. ]dh- q¿°- m- Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-ØpI ]Xn-hm-Wv. cs‚ tIkp-sI-´nse ]{Xn-I-bn¬ {]m°pfw tcmKn telyw s]mXn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Aß-s\\ I-gn™ hgn-bm{X Ct∏mƒ F{X ImWmw. Ah¿ Aßs\\ Ign-bp-∂p. Hcp IpSpw- t`Z-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p! A∂sØ hgn-bm-{X-bv°p- _-Ønse AwK-ß-fmbn Ign-bp-∂p. Aºm-k- ≠mbncp-s∂∂p ]d-™p-h-cp∂ as‰mcp KpWw ap{Zw tXm¿Øns‚ hne-Iƒ Nh-d-°m-c≥ Krl- AXv Hcm-fpsS temI-]-cn-Nbw hfsc h¿[n-∏n- ÿ≥ ]Tn-°p-∂p. Xncp-h-\\-¥-]p-csØ h°o-e- °p-∂-Xn-\\p-X-In-bn-cp∂p F∂p≈XmWv. AXp ∑m-cpsS kma¿Yy߃ Xpº-a¨Im-c≥ I≈-hp-a√. sIm√w hen-b-]m-e-°-S-hn¬ \\n∂v hm[ym¿ [cn-°p-∂p. {ioIr-jvW-N-cnXw aWn- Hcp X]m¬h≈w Xncp-h-\\-¥-]p-c-tØ°p Xncn- {]-hm-f-Ønse \"[\\n°p i{Xp-°fkwJy-ap-≠mw' F∂-Xn¬ \"[\\n' F∂p-≈Xv \"\"X\\n°p i{Xp-°ƒ'' F∂p hmbn®- pI- qs- S∂pw \"[\\n, F∂m¬ [\\h- ms- \\∂- m- W¿Y'sa∂pw hm[ym¿ ssaXo≥]n® apX-em- fnsb hotdmsS ]d™p ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. HSp-hn¬
C\\n Rm\\pW- ¿∂nc- n°mw 15 I¬∏m-e-°-S-hn¬ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw D®bv°v FØp-tºm-tg°p \\ºym-Xn°p Jp¿-B-s\\-∏‰n A¬∏-a- dnbmw; tPym’y\\p ]dh- qsc Krlÿ- ∑- ms- c∏- ‰n \\√X- pt- ]mse Adnbmw; Krlÿ- \\p s]cnß\\ms´ ac-®o-\\n°r-jn-sb-∏‰n hnh-cn-®-dnbmw; tcmKn°v Aºm-k-ap-{Z-Ønse Hcp \\√ Nn¥m¿a-Wn-ssh- Zys‚ ]mS-h-sØ-∏‰n [mcmfw Adn-bmw. Ct∏mƒ Fß-s\\-bmWv? C{X-bpw-t]¿Xs∂ sIm√w sdbn¬th B^o-kn¬ hcp-∂p. ]e-cm- bn- \\n∂p Sn°‰p hmßp-∂p. ]e-ap-dn-I-fn¬ Ib-dp-∂p. tcmKn Xs‚ hb-‰p-th-Z\\ H∂p XncpΩn ian-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\\p-ap-ºv, sN´n-bm¿ Xs‚ AXp-h-sc-bp≈ bm{X-s®-e-hp-I-W-°n¬ H∂p ItÆm-Sn- °p-∂-Xn-\\p-ap-ºv, Krl-ÿ≥ Xm≥ BbnsS hmßnb IpS `{ZN-amnb{Xn H-h∂¿p Wkq£-ßn®ƒp hbv°p-hm≥ ÿew I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\\p-ap-ºv, hm[ym¿ At∏mƒ hmßnb {]Xn-Zn-\\-]{Xw hmbn-®p-Xo¿°p-∂- Xn-\\p-ap-ºv, ssaXo≥]n-®-ap-X-emfn Nº≥ ]m°p-Iq´n apdp-°n-b-Xns‚ Xp∏¬ h≠n°p ]pdtØ- s°-∂p≈ hymtP\\ Im‰ns‚ B\\p-Iq-ey-Øm¬ AI-tØ°p aS-ßn-sbØn ASp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Bfns‚ apJw Ipg-ºn¬ ap°p-∂-Xn-\\p-apºv, tPym’y≥ kmbn-∏-∑m-cpsS kq{X-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ Btem-N\\ Ah-km-\\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\\papºv h≠n Xºm-\\q¿ sk≥{S¬ tÃj-\\n¬ FØp-∂p. Ahn- sSs- ®∂- m¬ t]m¿´¿amc- psS acW- h- nf- n, \"a{Zmkv sabn¬˛- l- n≥Up' ]Sh- nf- n, kmbn∏- ∑- mc- psS _q´vkv i_vZw, Sn°‰p If-™p-t]mtbm F∂p≈ s\\©n-Sn-∏v, h≠n-°m-cpsS ]nSn-hen. AXm, angn-®p-\\n- ¬°p∂p ]pdsØ tdmUn¬. tlm´-en¬ sN∂m¬ Imin\\p tNmdv, AXp Ign-™m¬ shfn-bn¬ B¿°pw BtcmSpw bmsXm∂pw kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ kabw C√. AXp-t]mse ]nt‰ Znhkw Xncn®p ho´nepw. Fß-s\\-bmWv Cuam-Xncn bm{X-sIm≠p h√ temI-]-cn-N-bhpw kºm-Zn-°p-I! (Nncnbpw Nn¥-bpw) ˛C.-hn.- Ir-jvW-∏n-≈ ² \"\"A\\y∑mcpsS HuZmcyØn¬ ZrVambn hnizkn®psIm≠p≈ t]m°mWv CXv''˛teJI≥ ]cma¿in°p∂Xv F¥mWv? hniZam°pI. ² \"\"Ah¿ Aßs\\ Ignbp∂p ˛ Hcp IpSpw_Ønse AwKßfmbn Ignbp∂p''. bm{Xm¥yØn¬ bm{X°m¿ FØnt®cp∂ AhÿbmWnXv. Cu bm{Xbn¬ Ah¿°v Fs¥ms° am‰-ß- fmWv D≠m-bXv? ² C∂sØ bm{X temI-]-cn-Nbw kºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\\v klm-bn°p∂n-√ F∂p teJ-I≥ ]d-bm≥ Imc-W-sa¥v? ² \"\"kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønse Nne Nn{X-߃ \\¿Ω-a-[p-c-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n®v hmb-\\-°msc Nncn- ∏n-°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bmWv teJ-I≥.'' Cu {]kvXm-h-\\sb Fßs\\ km[q- I-cn-°mw? N¿®-sNbvXv Ipdn-∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I. ² aq∂p Ime-L-´-ß-fnse bm{Xm-\\p-`hß-fmWv \"hgn-bm{X' F∂ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-≈-Xv. C°m- esØ bm{XIfpambn Ah Xmc-Xayw sNøpI. ² AXn¬ ]{¥≠nSßgnbpsS tNmdpw hgnbm{X°mcmWv X´p∂Xv. Fs∂ Cßs\\ X´n°fn°cpXv. X´n°fbpw \\ns∂ Rm≥. ASnhcbn´ ]ZØn\\v Hmtcm kμ¿`Ønepw hcp∂ A¿YhyXymkw Is≠ØpI.
16 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen ² bm{X ImgvNb- psS A\\p`- hw am{Xa- √, as‰s- ¥ms- °t- bm \\ap°v \\¬Ip∂p≠- v. bm{X \\n߃°p \\¬Inb hyXy-kvXm-\\p-`-h-߃ tN¿Øv hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°q. ² \"\"HSp-hn¬ I¬∏m-e-°-S-hn¬ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw D®bv°v FØp-tºm-tg°p \\ºym-Xn°p Jp¿-B-s\\- ∏‰n A¬∏-a-dnbmw; tPym’y\\p ]d-hqsc Krl-ÿ-∑m-sc-∏‰n \\√-Xp-t]mse Adnbmw; Krl- ÿ\\p s]cnß\\ms´ ac-®o-\\n°r-jn-sb-∏‰n hnh-cn-®-dnbmw; tcmKn°v Aºm-k-ap-{Z-Ønse Hcp \\√ Nn¥m¿a-Wn-ssh-Zys‚ ]mS-h-sØ-∏‰n [mcmfw Adn-bmw.'' ASn-hcbn´ ]Z-߃ \"Adnbmw' F∂ {Inb°v hcp-Ønb A¿Y-hy-Xymkw {i≤n-®p-h-t√m. CØcw IqSp-X¬ {]tbm-K-߃ Is≠-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-I. Pohn-X-bm-{X-bpsS hyXy-kvX- `m-h-ß-fmWv ]mT-`m-K-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]mT-`m-K-߃ hni-I-e\\w sNbvXv \"\"Pohn-X-bm-{X-bn¬ IqsS Icp-tX≠ ]mtY-b-amWv aqey-߃'' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ D]-\\ymkw Xbm-dm-°q. Rm≥ Fs∂°- pd- n®v ² {]h¿Ø-\\-ßfneqsS \\n߃°p-≠mb anI-hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Fs¥- √m-amWv? kzbw hne-bncpØpI. A¬∏w ]q¿W-ambn `mKn-I-ambn am{Xw Ä Ihn-X-Iƒ Xmfw, CuWw F∂nh Dƒs°m≠v `mh-tØmsS Be-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬. Ä tbmPn® ]Z-߃, {]tbm-K-߃, ssienIƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏- SpØn A\\p-`h°pdn-∏v, D]-\\ym-kw F∂nh Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn¬. Ä N¿®-I-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØv kz¥w ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ bp‡n-tbmsS ka¿Yn-°p-∂-Xn¬. Ä kam-\\-Xm-f-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬
C\\n Rm\\pW- ¿∂nc- n°mw 17 cma]- pc- Øv hmcy¿ (1703 ˛ 1753) Fgp-Øp-Imsc Adnb- pI tIm´bw Pn√bn¬ cma]pcØv P\\\\w. h©n∏m´p{]ÿm\\Ønse {]apJ\\mb Ihn. XncphnXmwIq¿ almcmPmhmbncp∂ am¿Ømfih¿abpsNS nB{X{i-hnX¿\\Wmb-ßncp∂ƒp. IptNe hrØw h©n∏m´v, `mjmjvS]Zn, ss\\j[w XncphmXnc∏m´v XpSßnbh {][m\\ IrXnIƒ. ]n. kptc{μ≥ 1961¬ ae∏pdw Pn√bnse ]m∏n\\n∏mdbn¬ P\\n®p. t\\mhenÃv, IYmIrØv F∂o \\neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. A[ym-]-I-\\m-Wv. Pek‘n, _¿apU, kmaqly]mTw, Ce™n∏qaWsamgpIp∂ \\m´phgnIƒ, KuXahnjmZtbmKw, ssN\\okv am¿°‰v XpSßnbh {][m\\ IrXnIƒ. HmS°pg¬ Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v. C. hn. IrjvW∏n≈ (1894 ˛ 1938) Ip∂ØqcmWv P∑tZiw. lmkkmlnXyImc≥, \\mSIIrØv, ]{X{]h¿ØI≥ F∂o \\neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. koXme£van, s]Æcip \\mSv, cmPm tIihZmk≥ XpSßn ]{¥≠v \\mSIßfpw Nncnbpw Nn¥bpw, Fw.F¬.kn. IYIƒ F∂o IYmkamlmcßfpw _mjv]h¿jw F∂ t\\mhepw Kpcpka£w, A°me߃, tIm¨{Kkv Nn{X߃ F∂o teJ\\kamlmcßfpw C.-hn-.bpsS kw`m-h-\\-I-fm-Wv. ]Z-tImiw AcpW≥ ˛ kqcy≥ Bflh¬ k¿h`qXm\\n ˛ F√m‰nt\\bpw Akl\\obw ˛ kln°m\\mhmØ AkvamIw ˛ \\ΩpsS, RßfpsS kz¥ambn°mWp∂ AkwJyw ˛ A\\h[n BIkvanIw ˛ s]s´-∂p-≠m-bXv C‘\\w ˛ hndIv D±njvSw ˛ \\n›bn°s∏´ IZmN\\ ˛ Hcn-°¬
18 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen ISm£w ˛ IS-°-Æp-sIm-≠p≈ ad∂n√√o ˛ ad∂n´n√t√m t\\m´w Krlÿ≥ am¿Ømfi≥ ˛ kqcy≥ sNtΩ ˛ Krl\\mbI≥ Xm]w ˛ th≠Xpt]mse tamZm¬ ˛ kt¥mjtØmsS tXhntØhn ˛ k¶Sw, NqSv Xpc∏v ˛ tImcnt°mcn hSp ˛ apdnhpWßnb ]mSv \\ntbmKw ˛ Xpc¶w ]p°v ˛ I¬∏\\, B⁄ h¿WØnf°w ˛ \\nd∏In´v ]Shnfn ˛ {]thin®v s]cp¶mSv ˛ bp≤Imlfw thhemXn ˛ ]cn{`aw s]cpIp∂ ˛ sImSp¶mSv s]mdpXnsI´ ˛ h¿[n°p∂ hm[ym¿ ˛ IpSpw_]ptcmlnX≥, ˛ kln°m\\mhmØ A[ym]I≥ km{μw ˛ ZrVamb, \\nd™ (C-S-Xq¿∂) kmlkw ˛ Ign-hn-\\-∏p-d-ap≈ {]hrØn kulrZw ˛ kvt\\lw hyXyk- vX- Ime- L´ß- f- nse kmlnX- yI- rX- nI- ƒ BkzZ- n°- pI- bpw Ahb- nse `mj, PohnXw F∂nh DNnX-amb hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fn-¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p- Ibpw sNøp-∂p. N¿®-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØv hnhn[ Bi-b-ta-J-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ImgvN-∏m- Sp-Iƒ bp‡n-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p. hcn-I-fnse A£-c-ß-fpsS D®m-c-W-kz`m-hw, FÆw F∂nh kmam-\\y-h- ¬°-cn®v Xmf-Ønepw hyXykvX CuW-Ønepw IhnX sNm√n Ah-X-cn-∏n- °p-∂p. ]T-\\-t\\-´-߃ tbmPn® ]Z-߃, {]tbm-K-߃ F∂nh Dƒs∏-SpØn ]d™pw Fgp-Xnbpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. A£-c-߃ tNcp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ am‰-߃ kmam-\\y-h-¬°-cn®v ]Z-ß-fpsS k‘n \\n¿Wb- n°pIbpw ]pXnb kμ¿`ß- f- n¬ {]tbmK- n°- pI- bpw sNøp∂- p.
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 19 2 hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ sIm∂-ac-ß-fn¬ kz¿Ww hnf-bp-∂ ]pWyIm-e-ß-fn¬ ssN{XØn¬ aqfp∂ s]ms∂m-fnt∏m°psh-bvtem-f-Øn¬ apßn-°p-fn-°p∂ ]qºmt‰. I≠p-hn-jp-°-Wn-sb-{XRm, t\\mW-hp˛ ap≠p ]e-Ip-dn-sb-∂n´pw \\n∂n¬Øp-Sn-°pao \\njvI-f-\\n¿hr-Xn˛ sb∂n¬ Xnf®padn-™n√! sIm∂-bn¬ s]mØn-∏n-Sn®p tIdp∂ Rm≥ \\n∂n-e-en™p \\ne-sIm-≠p. \"\"Bhn-s√m-cn-°epw Km\\-I-e-hn-bn˛ emdm-Sp-hm-s\\-\\n-°n-Ω-´n¬!'' (hnjp-Ø-te-∂v ˛ A°nØw) \"\"Bhn-s√m-cn-°epw Km\\-I-e-hn-bn˛ emdm-Sp-hm-s\\-\\n-°n-Ω-´n¬'' ˛ {]Ir-Xn-bnse kuμ-cymw-i-ßfpw AXv sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\\hpw Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\\?
20 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen ]q°fpw B≠d- pX- nI- fpw tIcfw Hcp Im¿jn-I-cm-Py-am-Wv. ]t£, Chn-SsØ Irjo-h-e-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn¬ F∂pw s]m≥\\m- W-b-߃°p ]™-am-Wv. Cu A]q¿W-Xbv°v Hcp D]-im¥n F∂-t]mse {]IrXn hmcn-hn-X- dp∂ as‰mcp s]m≥\\m-Wbw ChnsS kar-≤-ambn hnf-bp-∂p-≠v-˛-]q-°ƒ. Cu \\mSns‚ sFiz-cy- Øn\\pw Btflm¬°¿j-Øn\\pw Cu ]pjv]-k-ºØv tIc-fo-b-P-\\X XnI®pw Bkz-Zn-®p-t]m-cp- ∂p-≠p-Xm-\\pw. \\Sp-ap-‰-sØmcp ap√-Ø-d-bn-√mØ hoSp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ap‰-sØm-c-‰Øv Xpf-kn-Ø-Sw, Ipf-°-c- bn¬ ]p©n-cn-®p-\\n¬°p∂ sh≈n-bn-e-s®-Sn, sXmSn-\\n-dsb ap°p-‰n, ap°nepw aqe-bnepw Xg®p \\n¬°p∂ aμm-cw, sNº-c-Øn, tImfm-ºn, hgn-h-°Øp Idp-I-\\m-ºv, Xpº-°p-Sw, then-°n-S-bn- eqsS \\n»-_vZ-ambn ]mfn-t\\m-°p∂ iwJp-]p-jv]w, Ip∂n≥\\n-dp-I-bn¬ IqØm-Sp∂ Im´p-]q-°ƒ... Cßs\\ i_-fm-`-amb Hcp ]q∏m-en-I-bmWv tIc-fw. ]qhd- p°- ¬, ames- I´- ¬, ]q°fw hcb- v°¬, ]qPb- vs°mc- p°- ¬˛ CsX√mw Hcp Zn\\mc- w`- Ø- nse ss\\Xn-I-[¿Ω-ß-fm-Wv. Ipfn-®p-Ip-dn-bn´v ]pcn-Ip-g-en¬ ]q°ƒ XncpIn tZh-Z¿i\\w Ign-s®-Øp∂ tIc-fobh\\n-X-Iƒ Cu \\mSns‚ km£m¬ {Kma-e-£van-am-cm-Wv.
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 21 ]pjv]w Bflm-hns‚, As√-¶n¬ Pohn-X- kw-_-‘n-bm-Wv. hocm-cm-[-\\m-fl-I-amb tZio-b- Øns‚ {]Xo-I-sa-∂t{X Ihn-k-¶¬∏w. X-bpsS ASn-sbm-gp°v F√m-‰nepw \\ng-en-®p-Im- hn⁄m-\\Øn-s‚bpw sFiz-cy-Øn-s‚bpw D]m- Wp-Ibpw sNøpw. k-\\m-aq¿Øn-I-fmb kc-kz-Xnbpw e£vanbpw ]flm-k-\\-Øn¬ hncm-Pn-®-cp-fp-∂p. Ihn-I-fm¬ tIcfØn\\p-ap≠v AXn-t‚-Xmb B≠-dp-Xn- hmgvØ-s∏-Sp∂ \\mbn-Im-\\m-b-I≥am-cpsS D]-am- Iƒ. HmWw, hnjp, Xncp-hm-Xnc- - ˛ Cßs\\ hyXy \\-߃t]mepw ]q°-fm-Wv. Chn-SsØ InSm-ß- kvX EXp-°-fn¬ hyXykvX kwhn-[m-\\-Øn¬ fpsS {]mY-an-I-]mTw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\\- BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu aq∂ns‚bpw ]›m- bmWv: Øew shtΔs- db- mW- v. hnjp A[zm\\- Ø- ns- ‚bpw HmWw kar-≤n-bp-sSbpw Xncp-hm-Xnc kuμ-cy- *\"\"Icmchntμ\\ ]Zm-c-hnμw Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-ß-fm-sW∂p Rm≥ hnNm-cn- apJm-c-hntμ hn\\n-th-i-b¥w'' °p-∂p. {Kojva-Øn¬ hnjp, ic-Øn¬ HmWw, tla-¥-Øn¬ Xncp-hm-Xn-c-˛-C-ß-s\\-bmWv t¢i-`q-bn-jvT-ß-fmb Pohn-X-Zp¿K-߃ \"im¿MvK-[-c-kw-ln-X-'bnse \\n¿h-N-\\w. XcWw sNbvXv `uXnIXzØn¬\\n-∂m-flm-hp-b- tc≠ hoYn-bn-te°p Im¬Ip-Øp∂ XØz- ap≠I- ≥sImbvXp s\\√pw ssht°mepw kw`- ⁄m-\\n-bpsS {]m¿Y\\ Cß-s\\bpw: cn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ I¿j-I-lkvXw kzX-{¥-am-bn. ]pXp-a-g-s]bvXp aÆp Ipfp¿°p-∂-Xp-hsc Ah- **\"\"ka¿t∏yIw tNX- -c-kn-P-ap-am-\\mY cpsS lrZbw hn{i-a-Øn\\pw hnt\\m-Z-Øn\\pw `ht- X˛'' Zmln-°p-I-bm-bn. Nmap-fin-°m-hns‚ ap‰Øp ]qØp-\\n¬°p∂ Ip¶paw Cu hnt\\m-Z-th-f- Cßs\\ euIn-I-Ønepw sshZn-I-Ønepw bv°p≈ Ifn-hn-f-°p-\\m-´-em-Wv. D’-hw, the, Bflm-hnepw Pohn-X-Ønepw kuc`yw ]pe¿ Øp∂ Hcp Ncy-bmWv tIc-fo-b¿ ssIs°m≠p t]m∂-Xv. A\\p-{I-a-amb Cu Pohn-X-N-cy-°n-S-bn¬ a\\- ns\\ Ae-´n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Xmf-∏n-g-Iƒ°n- S-bnepw I¿tΩm-∑p-J-cm-hm\\pw sNbvXpXo¿Ø Imcy-ß-tfm¿Øp kt¥m-jn-°m\\pw In´p∂ khnt- ij- k- μ- ¿`ß- f- mWv B≠d- pX- nI- ƒ. F√m ImeØpw GXp cmPyØpw BtLm-jn° s∏Sp∂ BNm-c-ß-fmWv hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ßfpw B≠-dp-Xn-I-fpw. P\\-lr-Z-b-Øns‚ Bthiw \\ne-\\n¿Ø-Ø-°-hn[w Hmtcm-∂n-\\p-ap≠v AXn- t‚-Xmb ]›m-Ø-ehpw kwhn-[m-\\-{I-a-hpw. NneXp cmjv{So-b-am-sW-¶n¬ a‰p NneXp aX- * ssIbmIp∂ Xma-c-∏q-hpsIm≠v Imem-Ip∂ Xma-c-∏q-hns\\ apJ-am-Ip∂ Xma-c-∏q-hn¬ tN¿Øp-h-®n-cn-°p∂ _me-\\mb IrjvWs\\ Rm≥ kvacn-°p-∂p. ** Fs‚ a\\- m-Ip∂ Xma-c-∏qhv Dam-\\m-Y-\\mb `hm\\v Rm≥ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
22 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen ]qcw˛ Cßs\\ tIcfw apJ-cn-X-am-hp-I-bm-bn. h¿j-hpw. Icn-bn-S-t]¿∂ I≠-ß-fn¬ hncn-∏p- Cu EXp th\\¬®qS- ne- qsS Cg™- ng- ™p ambp∂- p. hnf Im‰mSn \\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. ]pXp-s\\-√ns‚ aWhpw s]m∂n≥Nnß-Øns‚ ]nd-hnbpw taSw apX¬ ic-Øm-cw-`n-°p-I-bm-Wv. kz]v\\w-I≠v Cuiz-c-hn-Nm-c-Ønepw Ce-°-dn- AXns‚ sImSn-\\m-´-se-∂-t]mse i_-fm-`-amb `-£-W-Ønepw apgpIn Zn\\-cm-{X-߃ \\o°pw. IWn-s°m∂ Ac-tß-dn-h-cp-∂p. \"hnØpw Aßs\\ \\mfpw Xob-Xnbpw \\oßth Hcp\\mƒ ssIt°m´pw' F∂p hnjp-∏£n Dd-ßp∂ sXmgp-Øn≥]p-dØp aØ ]qhn-cn™p ImWpw. I¿j-Isc hnfn-®p-W¿Øp-∂p. ]pXp-h¿j- IpSpw-_n-\\n-am-cpsS sam´n´ HmW-kz-]v\\-ßfpw Øn¬ Nmep-Iodn hnf-hn-d-°m≥ I¿j-I≥ AtXmsS hnI-kn-°p-I-bm-bn. apt∂m-´p-h-cp-∂p. `qX-Im-e-Øns‚ A‘-X-bn¬ \\n∂p \\thm-∞m-\\-Øns‚ BZy-In-c-W-߃ h´s‚ Np≠p NpI-∂m¬ AØw ap‰-sØ- IWn-I≠v Ah≥ DW-cp-∂p. Øpw. InSm-߃ ]qth s]men, ]qth s]men F∂m¿Øp Iqhns- °m≠p ]qh´- nb- pa- mbn ImSpw- Dcp-fn-bn¬ IWn-s°m-∂, IWn-sh-≈-cn-°, taSpw tXSn ho´p-ap-‰Øp ]qhn-Sp∂ NS-ßn\\p \\mfn-tI-c-ap-dn, DW-ße-cn, sh‰n-e, AS-bv°, khn-tij {]m[m-\\y-ap-≠v. Aßs\\ ]q°-fpsS hm¬°-Æm-Sn, kz¿Ww, cmam-b-W-{K-Ÿw, Ae- D’-h-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p HmWw. °nb hkv{Xw˛ Cßs\\ ]pXp-h¿j-Øn¬ Bkz-Zn-t°≠ `uXn-Ihpw ssZhn-I-hp-amb Xr°m°- c- t- Øh- ¿ kº¬ka- r≤- nb- psS tZh- km[-\\-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ IØp∂ \\ne-hn-f-°n\\p Xm-flmhpw tIc-f-Øns‚ ]c-ssZ-h-hp-am-Wv. apºn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. ]pXp-h-’-c-∏n-d-hn- I¿°-S-I-Øn-cp-thmWw apX¬ Nnß-Øn-cp-thm- bn¬ Hcp-°p∂ Cu IWnI≠p I¿j-I≥ Ww-hsc Xr°m-°-c-t£-{X-Øn¬ D’-h-am-Wv. \\n¿hrXnbS-bp-∂p. Ah-t\\m-sSm∏w kky- sFiz-cy-aq¿Øn-bmb Xr°m-°-c-b-∏≥ hoSp- iymafbmb {]Ir-Xn-bpw. CS-h-∏m-Xn°p Ing- tXmdpw kμ¿i\\w \\S-Øp-∂p-sh-∂mWp °≥Im-dp-b-cp-∂Xpw ]pXp-h¿jw s]mgn-bp- k¶¬∏w. ]®-a-Æp-cp´n P\\-߃ At±-lsØ ∂Xpw Ah≥ ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn. Bcm-[n-°p-∂p. Cu BÀm-Z-hm-bv]n-\\-\\p-cq-]- amb ]›m-Øew Chn-SsØ {]Ir-Xnbpw Hcp- ASpØ B≠d- pXn HmWa- mW- v. I¿°S- I- - w- °n-bn-´p-≠m-hpw. sFiz-cy-Øn-\\p-th≠n A[zm- {Im¥n apX¬ AXns‚ Hcp°w XpS-ßp-∂p. \\n®pw Btcm-Ky-Øn-\\p-th≠n BÀm-Zn®pw Zp¿hn-Nm-c-ß-fpsSbpw hrØn-lo-\\-X-I-fpsSbpw ioen-®n-´p≈ I¿j-I¿°v HmWw Hcp D’-h- ip≤o-I-c-W-am-Wn-Xn¬ {][m-\\w. tN´-sb-°-f- am-Wv. XS- -ßfpw XI-cm-dp-Ifpw X´nØS™p bpI F∂ Cu NS-ßn\\v km\\n-‰-dn-bp-tS-Xmb IS∂- pt- ]mI- p∂ Ahc- psS PohnX- Ø- n¬ HmWw Hcp Hu]-Nm-cn-I-X-bp-≠v. As∂-¶nepw \\mep- Hcp hgn-Øm-hfwXs∂-bm-Wv. sI-´ns‚ D≈n¬ IÆpw ssIbpw sN√mØ ÿe-ap-≠m-hn-√. Ai-WvT-I-sf√mw Hcp s]m´- Xpem-h¿jw Ign-™p. hr›n-I-°m-‰-S-ßn. °-e-Øn¬ tiJ-cn®v Hcp kv{Xo AtX‰n Nqepw a™p-ho-Wp. Ce-sIm-gn™ B tla-¥-E-Xp- NmW-I-sh-≈-hp-ambn ]Sn∏p-d-sØ-dn-bp-tºmƒ hnse Hcp D’-h-amWv Xncp-hm-Xn-c. kpaw-K-en- tNt´ tNt´ t]m t]m F∂´- l- k- n°- pw. Aßs\\ Iƒ°mWv Xncp-hm-Xnc {][m-\\w. ]Xn-{]oXn tN´ ]pdØpw {io AIØpw F∂ k¶¬∏- t\\SpI F∂-XmWv B¿{Zm-{h-Xm-N-c-W-Øns‚ Øn¬ I¿°S- I- Ø- nt- e°p IS°- pI- b- mb- n. e£yw. {io]m¿h-Xn-bmWv Ah-cpsS Bcm-[y- tZ-h-X. `¿Ør-{]o-Xn°p Nnc-Im-e-X-]- -\\p- tIc-f-Øn¬ £ma-Im-e-amWv I¿°-S-I-am- jvTn® ]m¿hX- nb- n¬ inh\\v A\\pc- mK- a- ¶- pc- n∏- n® kw. ssIbn-cp∏pw Icp-X¬ [\\hpw Irjn-∏-Wn- cXn-Im-a-∑msc ]qPn-°p-Ibpw Aßs\\ IpSpw- °mbn sNe-hn-´p-I-gn-™p. ]Ømbw Imen-bm- _-kuJyw ssIh-cp-Øp-I-bp-amWv BN-c-Ww. bn. t]Snk- z]v\\w t]mse Xqßn\\- n¬°p∂ Ime-
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 23 Aiz-Xn-ap-X¬°p ]pe-cm≥ ImeØp sXfn-sh-≈-Øn-en-dßn kpaw-K-en-Iƒ kJn-I-tfm- sSm∏w BSp-Ibpw ]mSp-Ibpw D√-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. {]`m-X-Øn¬ ip{`-h-kv{Xm-e-¶m-c- t®-temsS Du™m-em-Sp-Ibpw ssIsIm-´n-°-fn-°p-Ibpw thWw. Cf-\\o¿, Ing-ßv, ]g-h¿K- ߃ XpS-ßn-bh `£-W-hn-`-h-ß-fm-Wv. cm{Xn-bn¬ kpaw-K-e-kv{Xo-Iƒ \\Sp-ap-‰-sØm-cp-an®p tN¿∂v BXn-c∏q NqS-Ww. Cu NS-ßp-Iƒ `¿Øm-thm-sSmØp kar-≤hpw kwXr-]vX-hp- amb Km¿lnIPohnXw ssIh-cp-Øp-hm-\\p-t±-in-®p-≈-h-bm-Wv. A[zm-\\n-°p-I, A\\p-`-hn-°p-I, BÀm-Zn-°pI F∂-XmWv tIc-fob Pohn-Xm-Z¿iw. AXn- \\-\\p-Iq-e-amb kml-Ncyw Chn-SsØ {]Ir-Xnbpw ]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw Hcp-°n-Ø-cp- ∂p- ˛ C∂v F√mw \\jvS-s∏´ ku`m-Ky-Øns‚ kz]v\\-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬°q-Sn. (sh-Sn-h-´w) ˛ hn.-Sn.- `-´-Xn-cn-∏mSv ² \\ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ ]q°ƒ°p≈ ÿm\\sØ°pdn®v hn.SnbpsS \\nco-£-W-߃ Fs¥- √m-amWv? Is≠Øn Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I. ² \\ΩpsS Im¿jnIkwkvIm-chpw BtLm-j-ßfpw ]ckv-]cw _‘-s∏´pInS-°p-∂p. CXns‚ kqN-\\-Iƒ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\\n∂p Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-I. ² • \"\"Nmap-fin-°m-hns‚ ap‰Øv ]qØp-\\n¬°p∂ Ip¶paw Cu hnt\\m-Z-th-f-bv°p≈ Ifn-hnf°p\\m´-emWv.'' • \"\"Cu EXp- th-\\-¬®q-Sn-eqsS Cg-™n-g™v ambp∂p.'' CØcw khn-ti-j-{]-tbm-K-߃ Is≠Øn hymJym-\\n-°p-I. ² \"temIw' Hcp \\ma-]-Z-am-Wv. Cu \\ma-]-Z-Øn¬\\n∂p cq]-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp ]Z-amWv euIn-Iw. CØ-c-Øn¬ cq-]-s∏-Sp∂ a‰p- ]Z߃ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\\n∂p Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-I. ² Icm-c-hnμw ˛ Ac-hnμw t]mep≈ Icw s]m≥\\m-Wbw ˛ s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ \\mWbw IqSp-X¬ ka-kvX-]-Z-߃ Is≠Øn L-S-I-]-Z-ß-fm°n Fgp-Xp-I. ² \"\"hnjp A[zm-\\-Øn-s‚bpw HmWw kar-≤n-bp-sSbpw Xncp-hm-Xnc kuμ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I- -ß-fm-sW∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p.'' \"\"A[-zm-\\n-°pI, A\\p-`-hn°pI, BÀm-Zn-°pI F∂-XmWv tIc-fob Pohn-Xm-Z¿iw. AXn- \\\\p-Iq-e-amb kml-N-cyw Chn-SsØ {]Ir-Xnbpw ]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw Hcp-°n-Ø-cp-∂p˛ C∂v F√mw \\jvS-s∏´ ku`m-K-y-Øns‚ kz-]v\\-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬°qSn.'' ˛ hn.SnbpsS Cu \\nK-a-\\-߃ hni-I-e\\w sNbvXv apJ-{]-kwKw Xbm-dm-°p-I.
24 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen Im¿ap-In-en\\v KZy-Øn¬ Hcp A¿®\\- mK- oXw F\\n°v ag-tb-°mƒ CjvSw Im¿ap-In-em-Wv. ag hcp∂p F∂v Bsc-¶nepw ]d-bp-tºmƒ Rm≥ ]pd-tØ°v Cdßn BIm-i-tØ°p t\\m°n \\n¬°p- ∂p. s]øp∂ ag-tb-°mƒ s]øm≥ hnXpºn\\n¬°p∂ Im¿taL-ß-fmWv F\\n-°n-jvSw. {]hmlk∂-≤-ambn \\n¬°p∂ Im¿taLw {]hm-l-k-∂-≤- ambn \\n¬°p∂ a\\ - pt- ]ms- eb- mW- v, {]hml- k- ∂- ≤- a- mbn \\n¬°p∂ IhnX t]mse-bm-Wv, {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \\n¬°p∂ Bi-b-߃t]m-se-bm-Wv. ag-°m-dns\\ t\\m°n\\n¬°p-tºmƒ In´p∂ HcpXcw DW¿hv Fs‚ a\\- n¬ Bi-b-k-ar-≤n-bp-≠m-°m-dp-≠v. F\\n-°Xp {]tNm-Z-\\-Øns‚ \\oe-°m-dm-Wv. {]`m-X-Ønse Im¿ap-In-en\\v IqSp-X¬ kuμ-cy-ap-s≠∂v F\\n°v tXm∂m- dp-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ AXv BIm-i-Øn¬ IdpØ knwlw t]mse \\n¬°p-∂- Xmbn tXm∂pw. a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ AXv Fs‚ ImgvNbn¬ sNdnb sNdnb sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fp-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ \\oe-°m¿ ]¿h-X-ambn amdp-∂p. \\n{Zbv°v Im¿ap-In-ens‚ \\nd-am-sW∂v Rm≥ shdpsX `mh\\sNøm-dp-≠v. a‰p-≈-h¿°v CXv Indp-°p-I-fmbn tXm∂mw.
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 25 BIm-i-Ønse alm-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn¬ Im¿ap- X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {]mNo\\Ime-Ønse Ihn-Iƒ In¬ GIm-¥X A\\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xmbn F\\n°v am{X-a-√, \\mS-I-Ir-Øp-°fpw A\\n¿h-N-\\o-b- tXm∂m-dp-≠v. AXn-\\m¬ taLsØt∏mse Xsb hnj-b-am-°n-bn-cp-∂Xp taL-ß-fn-eq-sS- GImIn F∂ thUvkvh¿Øns‚ I¬∏\\ bm-Wv. F\\n°v CjvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. B `mh-\\-bp-ambn Fs‚ Nn¥ s]s´∂v XmZm-fly-Øn-em-bn. taL-ß-fpsS hchpw t]m°pw a\\p-jy-t_m- hneyw tª°n\\v taLw ssZh-Øns‚ tXcm-bn- [-Øn\\v A⁄m-X-am-sW∂ Nn¥ ss__n-fn- cp-∂p. s]s´∂v ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw £W-Øn¬ ep-≠v. AZv`p-X-I-c-ß-fmb hN-\\-ß-fmWv taL- Xntcm-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ taLw tb‰vkn\\v sØ-°p-dn®v thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. taL- ^e-{]-Z-a-√mØ XØz-am-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p Nne ߃ BIm-iØp s]s´∂p ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Imhy-`m-h-\\-I-fn¬ taL-߃ k¿h-i-‡s‚ AXnt- hKw Xntcm`- h- n°- pI- bpw sNøp∂- p. AXn- XqWp-I-fm-Wv. k¿h-i-‡≥ AXns‚ ]n∂n¬ \\m¬ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ taLw A\\n-XyX- ad™- nc- n°- p∂Xmbn k¶¬∏n°- s- ∏´- nc- n°- p∂- p. bpsS {]Xo-I-ambn IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ C\\nbpw Nne Ihn-Iƒ°v taLw {kjvSm-hns‚ AXv IjvS-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-am-Wv. hm¿[-Iy- Ccp≠ tXcm-Wv. AXp a\\p-jy\\v A\\p-Iq-e- Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ambpw taLw `mh\\sNø-s∏- ambn\\n¬°p-∂p. ImcWw Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw ´n-´p-≠v. taL-ß-fn¬ ag-sh≈w \\nd-®p-h-®n-cn- taLw IØn-÷z-en-°p∂ kqcy-s\\-Xn-sc-bp≈ Poh-Pm-e-ß-fpsS c£m-I-h-N-amWv. taLw L\\o-`-hn® ag-bm-Wv. `qansb ^e-`q-bn-jvT-am- °p∂ L\\o-`-hn® A\\p-{K-l-am-W-Xv. ImcWw, AXp `qanbpsS h‘yX C√m-Xm-°p-∂p. taL-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ Zpcq-lX `qX- Ime a\\- n\\v Hcp {]iv\\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Acn-tÃm- ^-\\o-kns‚ \"taL-߃' hmbn-®Xv Hm¿°p-∂p. tkm{I-´o-kns‚ ssZh-\\n-μsb hna¿in-°m\\pw At±-l-Øn-t‚Xp \\ymb-c-ln-X-amb hmZ-ß-fm- sW∂v ka¿Yn-°m\\pw th≠n-bmWv Acn-tÃm- ^-\\okv \"taL-߃' F∂ tImaUn Fgp-Xn-b- Xv. B \\mSI-Øn¬ taL-ß-fpsS D÷z-e-amb kwL-Km\\w \\mw tIƒ°p-∂p. Im‰pw sImSp- ¶m‰pw Ahy-h-ÿbpw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂Xv taL- ß-fm-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Im‰pw agbpw sIm≠p- h-cp-∂Xv kyqkv A√, taL-ß-fm-sW∂v tkm{I´- okv ]db- p∂- p. taLß- ƒ D≠mI- p∂- Xv Fßs\\ F∂ tNmZy-Øn\\v AXv Du¿Pw aqe- ams- W∂v tkm{I´- okv adp]- Sn ]db- p∂- p. kyqkv A√, Unt\\mkv F∂ kq£va-h-kvXp-hmWv taLsØ krjvSn-°p-∂Xv F∂m-bn-cp∂p tkm{I-´o-kns‚ hmZw. tkm{I-´o-kns\\ Ifn-bm- °m≥ th≠nØs∂-bmWv CsXms° Ah-X- cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ CXn\\v t{]cWbmbn- Øo¿∂Xp taL-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ Zpcq-l-
26 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen °p∂p F∂v \"Ctøm-_ns‚ ]pkvX-I'-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Hu∂-Xy-Øns‚ AS- bm-f-ambpw taLw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Nne kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ kap-{Z-Øns‚ hkv{X-ambn taL-߃ I¬∏\\sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xp ImWmw. taL-߃ tbmKm- flI Xeß- f- n¬ hniZ- oI- c- n°- s- ∏S- p∂ Hcp]- mSp kμ¿`ß- ƒ thZ]- pk- vXI- Ø- n¬ ImWmw. \"]pd-∏mSv]pkvX-I'-Øn¬ taLw ssZh-Øns‚ km∂n-[ysØ [z\\n-∏n- °p-∂p. ssZhsØ P\\-ß-fn¬\\n∂v taLw ad-®p-]n-Sn-°p-∂p F∂p `mh\\sNøp- ∂Xp ImWmw. taL-߃ btlm-h-bpsS cY-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. anin-lmbpw Ahs‚ `‡∑- mcpw taLØ- ne- qsS kz¿KØ- nt- e°p {]thi- n°- p∂p F∂ I¬∏- \\bpw ss__n-fn¬ ImWmw. ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\\m-b¿ h¿j-ta-L-Øns‚ ]m´p tIƒ°p-∂Xv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω- bn¬ hcp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ I¿°SI amcn-taLw hcp∂p F∂p XpS-ßp∂ hcn-Iƒ Hm¿Ωhcp-∂p. ag-bv°p-ap-ºp≈ Im¿ap-In-ens\\ t\\m°n\\n¬°p-tºmƒ CØcw Hcp-]mSv Bi-b-ßfpw Imhy-`m-K-ßfpw Fs‚ a\\- n-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m- Im-dp-≠v. CXv Im¿ap-In-en-\\p≈ A¿®-\\m-te-J\\w am{X-a-√, Im¿ap-In-en-s\\-°p- dn-®p≈ Fs‚ Indp-°p-Iƒ IqSn-bm-Wv. ({]tIm]\\ßfpsS ]pkvXIw) ˛ sI.]n.- A-∏≥ ² -km-ln-X-y-Im-c-∑m¿ taLsØ hnhn-[-X-c-Øn¬ I¬∏\\ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ah Is≠Øn Fgp- XpI- . ² \"\"taL-߃ btlm-h-bpsS cY-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p.'' ss__n-fnse taL-kw-_-‘n-bmb a‰v- Fs¥√mw I-¬∏\\-Iƒ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-≠v? Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-I. ² taL-sØ°pdn®v teJ-Is‚ \\nco-£-W-ß-fn¬ \\nßsf G‰hpw BI¿jn®h GsX√mw? F¥p-sIm≠v? ² \"\"s]øm≥ hnXpºn\\n¬°p∂ Im¿ta-L-߃'' ˛CXp-t]mse ]mT-`m-KØp≈ khn-ti-j-{]-tbm-K-߃ Is≠Ønsbgp-Xp-I. ² \"\"{]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \\n¬-°p∂ Im¿-taLw {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \\n¬°p∂ a\\- p-t]m-se- bmWv, {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \\n¬°p∂ Ihn-X-t]m-se-bmWv, {]hm-l-k-∂≤-ambn \\n¬°p∂ Bi-b-߃ t]mse-bmWv.''- teJ-\\Ønse Cu `mKsØ BI¿j-I-am-°p∂ LS-I-߃ Fs¥√mw? hni-I-e\\w sNbvXv Ipdn-∏m-°p-I.
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 27 ap‡-I-߃ ]mS-Øn≥ Ic \\osf \\oe-\\n-d-ambv then-s°m-cm-tLm-j-ambv BSn-Øq-ßn-b-e-™p-e™p kpIrXw ssIs°m≠p \\n¬°pw hn[u hmSmtX hcn-sIs‚ ssIbn-e-[p\\m ]obq-j-Uw-`-sØbpw t`Zn-®≥s]mSp Ibv]-h√n Xckm s]‰p≈ ss]X-ßtf! ˛ tNe-∏-dºp \\ºq-Xncn Bcm-a-Øn¬°p-fn¿°¬Ø-d-bn-e-c-N¿ h˛ ∂mN-cn-°p∂ eotem˛ Zmcm-\\¿tLm-]-Nm-cm¬ hf-cpsamc-g-tI˛ dp∂ ]qh-√n-Xm\\pw Bcmcpw t\\m°n-SmtX aXn¬ hnS-hn¬ apf˛ ®p¥n-sb-Øn®p t\\m°m≥ t]mcm-∏mgvh≈n \\obpw ]pW-cp-an-\\-I-c˛ ߃°p Xpteym’hß- ƒ ˛ \\me-∏m´v \\mcm-b-W-ta-t\\m≥ JT -/ MAL-AT
28 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen ² Ibv]h√n {]Ir-Xn°v Ae-¶m-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv Fßs\\? ² Aar-Xns‚ Al-¶m-csØ t`Zn-°p-∂-XmWv Ibv]bv° F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw? ² \"\"{]IrXn ka-`m-h-\\-bpsS ]mT-amWp \\¬Ip-∂Xv'' ˛\\me-∏m´v -\\m-cm-b-W-ta-t\\ms‚ ap‡-Iw hni-I-e\\w sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I. ² ap‡I-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´t√m. IqSp-X¬ ap‡-I߃ Is≠Øn ¢mkn¬ A£-c-t«mIkZ v kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I. Rm≥ Fs∂°- pd- n®v ² Xmsg sImSpØ {]h¿Ø-\\-ßfn¬ F{X-am{Xw anI®p\\n¬°p-∂p-sh∂v kzbw hne-bn-cpØn FgpX- pI- . {imhy-hm-b\\ • D®m-c-W-kv^p-SX • A¿Y-t_m[w • Bi-b-Øn-\\-\\p-tbm-Py-amb i_vZ-hy-Xn-bm\\w • Hgp°v hmb\\ • {][m-\\m-i-b-߃ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬. • {]_‘-߃, \\ncq-]-W-߃ F∂nh hmbn®v hni-I-e\\w sNøp-∂-Xn¬. • hmb-\\-bn-eqsS kzmwio-I-cn® Bi-b-߃, ssien-Iƒ, {]tbm-K-߃ apX-em-bh \\qX\\ kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn¬. hni-I-e-\\-°p-dn∏v • {]k-‡-amb Bi-b-߃ Is≠Øp-∂-Xn¬. • {]tbmK- ß- ƒ, ssienIƒ F∂nh- b- psS HuNnX- yhpw `wKnbpw hniI- e- \\w sNøp∂- X- n-¬. • kzm`n-{]mbw bp‡n-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\\nW-ßnb `mj (-k-hn-ti-j-{]-tbm-Kw, ssien) D]-tbmKn°p-∂-Xn¬. • Bibw Npcp°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬.
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 29 Fgp-Øp-Imsc hn. Sn. `´X- nc- n∏- mSv (1896 ˛ 1982) Adnb- pI sh≈nØncpØnØmgØv cma≥ `´Xncn∏mSv. A¶amen InSßqcn¬ P\\\\w. kmaqlnI ]cnjvI¿Ømhv, \\mSIIrØv F∂o \\neIfn¬ {]kn≤≥. ASp°fbn¬\\n∂v AcßtØ°v (\\mSIw), IÆocpw In\\mhpw, I¿Ωhn]mIw, shSnh´w, cP\\ocwKw, kXyw F∂Xv ChnsS a\\pjy\\mIp∂p XpSßnbhbmWv {][m\\ IrXnIƒ. tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v. sI. ]n. A∏≥ (1936 ˛ 2008) Be∏pgbn¬ P\\\\w. kmlnXy\\ncq]I≥, A[ym]I≥ F∂o \\neIfn¬ {]kn≤≥. t£m`n°p∂hcpsS kphntijw, XnckvImcw, Ielhpw hnizmkhpw, hcIfpw h¿Wßfpw, ss__nƒ shfn®Øns‚ IhNw XpSßnb {KŸßƒ cNn®n´p≠v. tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv, tI{μ kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv XpSßn \\nch[n ]pckvImc߃ e`n®n´p≠v. tNe∏dºp \\ºqXncn 1690\\pw 1780\\pw CSbv°v PohnXImew. tImgn-t°m-Sn-\\-SpØv Nmen-b-amWv P∑-ÿ-e-sa∂v Icp-Xp∂p. ap‡IcNbnXm°fn¬ {]apJ≥. ]m´pÆnNcnXw At±lØns‚ as‰mcp IrXnbmWv. \\me∏- m´v \\mcmb- W- t- at- \\m≥(1887 ˛ 1954) s]m∂m\\n°SpØp≈ ht∂cn \\me∏m´v Xdhm´n¬ P\\\\w. Ihn, hnh¿ØI≥ F∂o \\neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. IÆp\\o¿Øp≈n (hnem]Imhyw), ]mh߃ (hnh¿Ø\\w), cXnkm{amPyw, N{Ihmfw, B¿j⁄m\\w, kptemN\\ XpSßnbh {][m\\ IrXnIƒ.
30 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen ]Z-tImiw Xntcm`hn°pI ˛ adbpI ZpcqlX ˛ Duln-°m≥ hnj-a-ap≈ \\thm∞m\\w ˛ ]pØ≥ DW¿hv A[p\\m ˛ Ct∏mƒ ss\\XnI[¿Ωw ˛ \\oXn-]q¿hw A\\¿Lw ˛ hne-a-Xn-°m-\\m-hm-Ø A\\pjvTnt°≠ _lpam\\w Imcy߃ A¿ln°p∂ ]flmk\\w ˛ Hcp tbmKm-k\\w A\\nXyw ˛ ÿnca√mØ ]obqjw ˛ AarXv, tX≥ A\\n¿hN\\obw ˛ \\n¿hNn°m≥ ]pcnIpg¬ ˛ A‰w Npcp≠ XeapSn IgnbmØ ]q∏menI ˛ ]qØ´w AcN≥ ˛ cmPmhv {]tNmZ\\w ˛ t{]cW Achnμw ˛ Xmac {]XoIw ˛ ASbmfw, {]Xn_nw_w Bcmaw ˛ ]qt¥m´w apJcnXw ˛ apgßp∂ C\\≥ ˛ kqcy≥ euInIw ˛ temIkw_‘amb D¬°¿jw ˛ Db¿® h´≥ ˛ Hcn\\w s\\√v, {`m¥≥ Iehn ˛ Ifn, BtLmjw hn[u ˛ kabØv t¢i`qbnjTv w ˛ t¢iw \\nd™ hn\\nthib¥w ˛ {]thin∏n®ncn°p∂ Km¿lnIw ˛ Krlkw_‘amb hncmPn°pI ˛ tim`n°pI L\\o`hn® ˛ I´]nSn® sshZnIw ˛ thZsØ PohnXZp¿Kw ˛ PohnX{]bmkw kw_‘n°p∂Xv Uw`w ˛ Al¶mcw i_fw ˛ IqSn-°-e¿∂ Xckm ˛ thKØn¬, s]s´∂v kpIrXw ˛ ]pWyw XmZmflyw ˛ sFIyw k∂≤w ˛ Hcpßnb KZy-`m-j-bnse Imhym-fl-IX Xncn-®-dnbpIbpw kam-\\-amb {]tbm-K-߃ kz¥w cN-\\-I- fn¬ HuNn-Xy-]q¿hw {]tbm-P-\\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. D]-\\ym-kw, \\ncq-]-Ww, ap-‡-Iw F∂nh-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpIbpw Ah-bnse B-i-b-߃, {]tbm-K-߃, ssien-Iƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏-SpØn hyh-lm-c-cq-]-߃ Xbm-dm-°p- Ibpw sNøp-∂p. {]IrX- n{- ]Xn`- mk- ß- ƒ- Iemk- ml- nX- yk- rj- vSnI- fn¬ Bhnj- vIc- n®ncn°p∂- X- nse sshhn[- yhpw khn-ti-j-Xbpw Is≠Øn ]d™pw Fgp-Xnbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p D®mc- W- k- v^pS- X- , A¿Yt- _m[- w, i_vZ{- Ia- oI- c- W- w, Hgp°v F∂nh- t- bmsS KZy]- mT- ß- ƒ hmbn- ]T-\\-t\\-´-߃ ®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. hkvXp-X-Iƒ hni-I-e\\w sNbvXv s]mXp-Im-gvN∏mtSmsS apJ-{]-kwKw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.
A\\yP- oh- \\- pX- In kzPoh- nXw 31 3 A\\y-Po-h-\\p-XIn kzPo-hnXwNn{X-h¿W-߃ C¥y 17.07.1945 {]nb-s∏´ {][m-\\-a-{¥o, Ffnb Cu \"\\·-\\mb ^Jo-dn's\\ ˛ Xm¶ƒ Fs∂ Aßs\\ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p˛ XI¿°m≥ Xm¶ƒ°v B{K-l-ap-s≠∂v Adn-bp-∂p. Hcp ^Jo-dm-bn-cn- °m≥, \\·-\\mb Hcp ^Jo-dm-bn-cn-°m≥ hf-sc-°m-e-ambn Rm≥ ]cn-{i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Iptd-°qSn {]bm-k- ap≈ Hcp DZy-a-amWv AXv. AXn-\\m¬ B {]tbm-KsØ Hcp _lp-a-Xn-bmbn Rm≥ KWn-°p-∂p; Xm¶ƒ Aßs\\ Dt±-in-®n-cn-°p-Ibn-s√-¶nepw, B \\ne-bn¬Øs∂ Xm¶sf Rm≥ kao-]n-°p-∂p. Xm¶-fpsSbpw Fs‚bpw \\m´nse P\\- X-Iƒ°p-th-≠nbpw XZzmcm temI-P-\\-Xbv°p th≠nbpw Fs∂ hniz-kn-°m\\pw {]tbm-P-\\-s∏-Sp-Øm\\pw Xm¶-tfmSv Rm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Xm¶-fpsS Bflm¿Y kplrØv Fw.sI. Km‘n (c≠mw temIbp-≤-Im-eØv {_n´ojv {][m-\\-a-{¥n- bm-bn-cp∂ hn≥è N¿®n-en\\v ssht{kmbn apJm-¥cw alm-flPn Ab-®-XmWv Cu IØv). Km‘n-Pn-bpsS alØzw hy‡-am-°p∂ Fs¥√mw Imcy-ß-fmWv Cu IØn-ep-≈Xv? hni-Z-am-°p-I.
32 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen Fs‚ Kpcp\\- mY- ≥ temIta Xd-hmSp X\\n-°o,-s®-Sn-Ifpw ]p¬Ifpw ]pgp-°fpw IqSn-Ø≥ IpSpw-_-°m¿; XymK-sa-∂tX t\\´w; Xmgva-Xm-\\-`yp-∂Xn tbmK-hn-tØhw Pbn-°p-∂n-sX≥ Kpcp-\\m-Y≥. Xmc-Im-a-Wn-ame Nm¿Øn-bm-eXpw sIm≈mw! Imd-Wn-®fn \\osf-∏p-c-≠m-eXpw sIm≈mw; C√nl kwKw te]-sa-∂nh; ka-kz-—˛ a√tbm hnlm-b- ,-Δ-Æ-sa≥ Kpcp-\\m-Y≥. **** ikv{X-sa-∂ntb [¿ΩkwKcw \\S-Øp-t∂m≥, ]pkvX-I-sat\\y ]pWym-[ym-]\\w ]pe¿Øp-t∂m≥. Huj-[-sat\\y tcmKw ian-∏n-∏-h≥, lnwkm˛ tZmj-sa-∂ntb b⁄w sNbvhhs\\-∂m-Nm-cy≥.
A\\yP- oh- \\- pX- In kzPoh- nXw 33 imiz-X-a-lnw-k-bm-W-Ω-lm-flm-hn≥ {hXw im¥n-bm-W-hn-tS°p ]c-tZ-hX ]t≠; HmXp-am-dp-≠-t±l \"\"alnw-km-a-Wn-®-´˛ tbXp-S-hm-fn≥ sImSp-hm-bvØe aS-°mØq?'' **** {InkvXp-tZ-hs‚ ]cn-Xym-K-io-e-hpw, km£m¬ IrjvW\\mw `K-hms‚ [¿Ω-c-t£m-]m-bN-hnp{wX-h¿W-߃ _p≤-s‚-b-lnw-k-bpw, i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS _p≤n-i-‡n-bpw, c¥n-tZ-hs‚ Zbm-hmbv]pw {iol-cn-›-{μ-∂p≈ kXy-hpw, apl-Ω-Zn≥ ssÿcy-hp-sam-cm-fn¬t®¿s∂m-Øp-Im-W-Wsa-¶n¬ sN√p-hn≥ `hm-∑m-sc≥ Kpcp-hn≥ \\nI-S-Øn˛ e√m-bvI-n-e-hn-Sp-sØ-®-cn{Xw hmbn-°p-hn≥! lm! X{X `h¬∏m-Z-sam-cn-°¬ Z¿in-s®-∂m¬ ImX-c-\\-Xn-[o-c≥, I¿°-i≥ Ir]m-h-i≥! ]nip-°≥ {]Zm-t\\m¬°≥; ]nip-\\≥ kph-N-\\˛ \\ip-≤≥ ]cn-ip≤\\e-k≥ kZm-bm-k≥! KoX-bv°p-am-Xm-hmb `qantb ZrV-an-Xp˛ amXn-cn-sbm-cp -I¿ΩtbmKnsb {]k-hn-°q lna-h-Zzn-‘ym-Ne a[y-tZ-itØ ImWq iata ioen-s®-gp-an-Øcw knwl-Øn-s\\. KwK-bm-sdm-gp-Ip∂ \\m´nte icn-°n{X awKfw Imbv°pw Iev]-]m-Z]-ap-≠m-bvhcq! kmlnX- ya- R- vPcn \\memw `mKw ˛ h≈t- Ømƒ \\mcmb- W- t- at- \\m≥
34 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen ² Km‘nPnbn¬ A]q¿h KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-fpsS ktΩ-f-\\aps≠∂v h≈-tØmƒ ka¿Yn- °p-∂Xv Fß-s\\-? ² {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS Bib-`wKn Is≠-ØpI. $ Xmgva-Xm-\\-`yp-∂Xn $ XymK-sa-∂tX t\\´w ² Xmsgs°m-SpØ hcn-Iƒ hni-I-e\\w sNbvXv Km‘n-Pn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p- I. \"\"ikv{X-sa-∂ntb [¿ΩkwKcw \\S-Øp-t∂m≥, ]pkvX-I-sat\\y ]pWym-[ym-]\\w ]pe¿Øp-t∂m≥. Huj-[-sat\\y tcmKw ian-∏n-∏-h≥, lnwkm˛ tZmj-sa-∂ntb b⁄w sNbvhhs\\-∂m-Nm-cy≥.'' ² \"\"Xmc-Im-a-Wn-ame Nm¿Øn-bm-eXpw sIm≈mw! Imd-Wn-®fn \\osf-∏p-c-≠m-eXpw sIm≈mw; C√nl kwKw te]-sa-∂nh; ka-kz-—˛ a√tbm hnlm-b- ,-Δ-Æ-sa≥ Kpcp-\\m-Y≥.'' Cu hcn-Isf BI¿j-I-am-°p∂ LS-I-߃ Is≠Øn Ipdn∏p Xbm-dm-°p-I. ² \"\"Ah-\\n-h-s\\-∂-dn-bp-∂-sXm-s°-tbm¿Øm˛ \"\"Fs‚ Pohn-X-amWv eh-\\n-bn-em-Zn-a-am-sbm-cm-fl-cq]w Fs‚ ktμiw.'' - Ah-\\-h-\\m-fl-kp-J-Øn-\\m-N-cn-°p˛ ∂h-b-]-c∂p kpJ-Øn-\\mbvhtcWw'' (Btflm]-tZ-i-i-XIw˛{io\\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp) \"\"Alnwk `ocp-hns‚ Bbp-[-a√; [oct‚XmWv.'' apI-fn¬ sImSpØ Bi-b-ßfpw Ihn-X-bnse Bi-b-ßfpw Dƒs∏-SpØn \"Km‘n-b≥ BZ¿i- ß-fpsS C∂sØ {]k‡n' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ {]kwKw Xbm-dm-°p-I.
A\\yP- oh- \\- pX- In kzPoh- nXw 35 `qanb- psS kz]\\w HenhpaebpsS Xmgvhcbn¬\\n∂v sskdbpsS ktμiw. sabn¬t_mIvknte°v F{X XhWbmWv Ahƒ ¢n°v sNbvXncn°p∂Xv! Hcp t]Pv apgph≥ AXns‚ Bh¿Ø\\߃. kzbw ad∂ncp∂v hnc¬ Aa¿ØnbXpt]mse. AhfpsS kzN]v\\n{Xß-hfns¿eWC¥-ßy ƒbmYm¿YyamIp ∂Xns‚ BÀmZamImw. _p≤s‚bpw AtimIs‚bpw i¶cmNmcycpsSbpw almflmKm‘n bpsSbpw cho{μ\\mYSmtKmdns‚bpsams° P∑ÿenbmb hn{im¥`qanI. Aim¥\\KcØn¬ \\n∂v IqSphn´p ]d°m≥ tamln°p∂ ]£n tXSnsbØp∂ \\oemImiw. bm{Xmthfbn¬ imtcmWnse ]\\n\\o¿∏qhn\\p kΩm\\n® sIm®p aqh¿Ws°mSn ]T\\taisb Ae¶cn°p∂p≠mhmw. F{X bmZr—nIamb kamKaw! Hcn°epw ap≥t] \\n›bn ®pd∏n°m≥ Ign™n´n√, Fs‚ k©mc]Y߃. BIkvanIXbpsS Awiw Ft∏mgpw Dƒt®¿∂ncn°pw. Fs‚ P\\\\ImeØv C√sØ {]Xm]߃ AkvXan®ncp∂p. hn[n bm{XbpsS
36 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen \\Znbn¬ Hcp \\o¿°pgn Hcp°nh®p. ]mXnhc ∂pw Adntb≠nh∂n√. hn[nsb km[mc ®n´ h¿W`wKnbm¿∂ Nn{Xw t]mse A—s‚ Wa´n¬ t\\cn´ HcΩ. {KmaØns‚ sFizcy PohnXw. \\ZoPeØn¬ AXp \\\\™p IpXn¿ ambn Ah¿ BZcn°s∏´p. B AΩbpsS ∂p. A\\mYam°s∏´ c≠p P∑߃; AΩbpw aI\\v A\\mYXzan√. Ah≥ hfcp∂Xv B\\μ Rm\\pw. tØmsS t\\m°n°≠ IÆpIfn¬ \\\\hv; \\n¿hrXnbpsS Xnf°w. ImeØns‚ Ccp≠hgnbn¬ H‰s∏´p. BcpsSbpw klmbØn\\p Im°msX kzbw B kvt\\lØn\\p XncnsI sImSpØXv IcpØm¿Pn°pIbmbncp∂p, AΩ. Iuamc ]T\\Ønse anIhpw hn\\bm\\znXamb s]cp Øn¬ IuXpIØn\\p ]Tn® ]m´pIƒ H∂pIqSn am‰hpamWv. C√sØ DΩd∏Snbnencp∂m¬ sNm√nbpd∏n®p. \\rØØns‚ NphSpIƒ hnimeamb hbteeIƒ ImWmw. Ime∏I¿® hos≠SpØp. C√sØ hnimeamb XfØn¬ ASbmfs∏SpØp∂ Irjn`qan. I∂ns°m IebpsS cmKhpw Xmfhpw tafn®t∏mƒ A] bvØp Ignbptºmƒ AXv DgpXpadn® aÆmWv. iIp\\ambn HXpßmsX Hcp hn[h X\\n°pw Xpemag \\\\™p IpXncptºmƒ hnØpIƒ D]\\b\\w IgnbmØ aI\\pw PohnXam¿Kw apfs]m´pw. at\\mlcamb ]®\\ndw IÆpIƒ tXSpIbmbncp∂p; hn[nsb sh√phnfn°pI °p Ipfn¿a ]Icpw. ]ns∂ ]pe¿ImeØp bmbncp∂p. a™ns‚ sh¨]mSsIm≠p ad® s\\¬s®Sn Iƒ. Ipw`®qSn¬ ]hng`wKnIƒ]q≠v s\\¬ \\m´n≥]pdØv ac°q´ßƒ°nSbneqsS Hcp °XncpIƒ Xebm´pw. AXv sImbvØpImew. \\mtSmSn∏m´pt]mse Ipfn¿Im‰p hoin. sIm®p \\o¿tØmSpIfnse sXfnsh≈w Hcpan®W™v Hcn°¬ Cu ]mStiJc߃ C√sØ ]pgbmbn HgpIn. {KmalrZbØn¬ Nμ\\Øncn A[o\\Xbnembncp∂p. C∂nt∏mƒ ]WnsbSp Iƒ kpK‘w ]cØn. °p∂ a\\pjy¿°v kz¥w. \\jvS߃°nS bnepw PohnXsØ t\\cn´ AΩbpsS aI\\v AΩbpsS s\\‰nbn¬ henb Ip¶pas∏m´v ZpxJtam ]cn`htam C√. Ipcphn°p IqSpIq ambmsXInS∂p. ssIØ≠n¬ Hm´phf. ´m≥ h≥acØnse sNdpimJ aXn; DWßnb AXn¬ Xncp∏nSn®v aSnbn¬ apJw tN¿Øncp∂ CeIfpw Np≈n°ºpIfpw aXn. kmb¥\\߃. F√mw AΩbn¬\\n∂p ]Tn®p. PohnX AΩ, AΩbmbncp∂p F√mw; PohnX_‘ Øns‚ t\\¿hgnIfneqsS \\S∂p. acs°mºn Øns‚ s]m´mØ NcSv. C√Øns‚ ]SnhmXn encp∂v H‰°Æ≥ NtImcw D‰pt\\m°n. hb¬ en\\p ]pdØpIS°ptºmƒ AXns‚ _ew hcºn¬ sIm‰nIƒ X] p sNbvXncp∂p. Adn™ncp∂p. hm¬keyØns‚ AZriyi ‡n ]nSnhn´pt]mImsX kq£n®ncp∂p. AXn {KmaØnse k¿°m¿ ]≈n°qSØnembncp cmhnse DW¿∂p Ipfn®v Imhn¬ Xncn sXfn ∂p ]T\\w. \\ºymcv amjv C√Øph∂v kwkvIr °pw. AΩ sI´nh® ]pjv]ameyw tZhohn{Kl XØn¬ {]tXyI in£Ww \\¬In. kz¥w Øn¬ Nm¿Øpw. aSßpwhgn Imhnt\\mSp tN¿ thcpIsf°pdn®v t\\cmb AdnhpIƒ. AXns‚ ∂p≈ Ipcnip]≈nbnse ssZhamXmhns‚ i‡nbn¬ hn⁄m\\Øns‚ BImi߃ Nn{XØn\\p ap∂n¬ sXmgpXp \\n¬°pw. F√mw tXSn ]d∂pbc¬. AΩbmWv; F√m AΩamcpsSbpw AΩ. \"\"Cu DÆn hf¿∂v henb ]Tn∏pw DtZymK ]≈n°qSØnse lmP¿]pkvXIØn¬ hpsams°bmIptºmƒ AΩsb hn´pt]mInt√, l¿jh¿[\\≥ F∂v Kuchap≈ t]cp]Xn Rßsf ad°nt√?'' s™¶nepw AΩ hnfn®Xv DÆn F∂mWv. {KmaØnse k¿hcpw AtX‰p hnfn®p. Aß CSbv°nsS Db¿∂ AØcw tNmZy߃°v s\\ F√mh¿°pw DÆnbmbn. C√mbvaIsfm AΩ ]p©ncnsIm≠p adp]Sn \\¬In.
A\\yP- oh- \\- pX- In kzPoh- nXw 37 aIs‚ \\S∏mXIƒ AΩ Adnbp∂p. AΩ Nn{X-h¿W-߃ bpsS hm¬keyamWv Ahs‚ NphSpIƒ°p {]ImiamIp∂Xv. Hcn°epw B shfn®Øn\\p kv. AΩbpsS a\\ pw apJhpw ]qØpe™p. aßte¬°pIbp≠mbn√. ]mXncmhnepw Hcp almkz]v\\w k^eamhpIbmWv. kzbw DW¿∂ncp∂p ]Tn°ptºmƒ AΩbpw Ddßm \\´p hf¿Ønb sNSn. AXv BImiw t\\m°n Xncp∂p. ap∂n¬ hnS¿Ønh® ]pkvXIw hmbn hf¿∂v PohnX]cnkcamsI XW¬ hncn °p∂p F∂p `mhn°ptºmgpw a\\ v Fs∂ °p∂p. tXSpIbmbncp∂t√m. \\m´n¬ sNdnb tPmenbpambn HXpßpI. AΩbpsS {]m¿Y\\Ifn¬ IcpØm¿Pn®p AΩ AcnIn¬Øs∂ D≠mIpw. AXnep]cn hf¿∂p. Hcm\\μw Bhiyan√. a\\ n¬ thcq∂nb AØcw Nn¥Iƒ ]ngpsXdn™Xv AΩ. \"\"tZhqs‚ DÆn anSpanSp°\\mtWbv. Abmfo BImihpw ]n¥≈n hfcq∂m tXm∂tW....'' \"\"DÆn AcnIn¬ thWsa∂Xv Fs‚ kzm¿YX. ]t£, HcΩbv°v Aßs\\ kzm¿Yn AΩbpsS ssh[hyØn¬ AhKWn®h¿, bmIm≥ km[ya√. s\\m¥ps]‰ aI\\mWv. A\\mYiniphns\\t∏mse Hgnhm°nbh¿ ]t£, AXv thsdmcp P∑w. kz¥w \\mSn\\v Biwkn°p∂p. tI´ptI´p hmin hf¿Ønb ka¿∏n°p∂p. cmPyamXmhns‚ A`nam\\ambn hm°pIƒ. F√mhtcmSpw hn\\btØmsS s]cp amdptºmgpw tXm‰psImSp°pIbn√ F∂p ZrV{]Xn⁄, A]cmPnXbmb AΩbpsS aI\\v \\£{X]Y߃ kz]v\\w. F√mw Hcp kz]v\\w t]msebmbncp∂p. ka¿Y\\mbn ]Tn®pIbdn. D]cn]T\\Øn\\p XbmsdSp°ptºmƒ AΩbmWv \\n¿_‘n®Xv: \"\"Fs‚ DÆn FhnsSbmbmepw Ft∏mgpw Ft∂msSm∏ap≠v. F\\n°v hnizmkamWv; \\√ ss[cyamWv. C¥ybnseXs∂ G‰hpw anI® tI{μØn¬ ]Tn°Ww; D∂XhnPbw ssIhcn °Ww.'' B ss[cyw a‰mcnepap]cn Rm\\dn™p. AXmbncp∂p Bizmkw. GXp {]Xnk‘n bnepw XfcmØ AΩ; AΩbpsS aI≥. sF.sF.Sn. F≥{S≥kv sSÃv FgpXn. anI® dm¶v hmßn. apwss_ sF.sF.Snbn¬ Fbvtdm kvt]kv F≥Pn\\nbdnßn\\v {]thi\\w. a\\ p hnImckm{μambn. `qanbpsS A¥co £hpw AhnSw hn´v _lncmImihpw. Ip™p ∂mfn¬ Xebv°p apIfn¬ h´an´p ]d°p∂ hnam\\߃ Aºc∏pfhm°n. B hnkvabtem IamWv ssIsbØn∏nSn°m≥ {ian°p∂Xv. hoSphn´v AIepIbmWv. apwss_bnse s]mhmbvØSmIXocØv at\\mlcamb Imw]
38 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen B hy‡nXzw hnIkn°Ww. [\\kºmZ\\tam kzImcyamb Db¿®tbm A√, cmjv{SØn\\p th≠n F¥p \\¬Im\\mhpsa∂ Nn¥ am{Xta DÆnbn¬ D≠mImhq...'' C√sØ HXp°ap≈ CS\\mgnIfn¬\\n∂v A[nIw ]pdØp IS°mØ kv{Xo. Ah¿ AΩbmWv; AΩamcpsS ]cºcbnse Hcp IÆnbmWv. X∂n¬\\n∂p ]nd∂ aI≥ Xt‚Xp am{Xas√∂ Xncn®dnhv B AΩsb tZhnbm°p∂p. BZyambn {KmatØmSp bm{X]dbptºmƒ a\\ v \\n»q\\yam°m≥ {ian®p. Rm≥ Fßpw ]d∂Iep∂n√. Ft∏mgpw AΩtbmSv H∏amWv. C\\nbpw apdn®p am‰mØ s]m°nƒs°mSn. AXns‚ IcpØv Adnbp∂p≠v. Imhn¬ sXmgpXp: \"tZho, XpW'. AXv {KmaØns‚ BflkuμcyamWv. {ioaqImw_nIm tZhnbpsS {]`mhamhmln°p∂ tNm‰m\\n°c AΩ. B AΩsbbmWv Imhn¬ IpSnbncpØn bncn°p∂Xv. Ipcnip]≈nbn¬ lrZbØn¬ hmfpambn hymIpeamXmhns‚ Nn{Xw. B thZ\\n°p∂ apJØv A\\p{KlØns‚ ]p©ncn hnScp∂p. ap∂n¬ sagpIpXncn sImfpØn. Ip™p∂mfn¬ ssIIƒ Iq∏n {]m¿Yn°m≥ ]Tn∏n®Xv AΩbmWv. aq∂v AΩam¿; F√m AΩamscbpw t]mse; {Kmaw t]mse; cmPyw t]mse. `qanamXmhns‚ ssNX\\yw Fßpw \\ndbp∂p. amXrXzØns‚ almi‡n. \"\"AtΩ almamtb!'' alm\\KcØns‚ Xnc°pIfnte°p hens®dnbmsX kq£n®p. ]T\\Øns‚ GIm{KX \\jvSs∏SmsX tlmÃens‚ AXncpIfn¬ HXpßn. _ncpZhpw _ncpZm\\¥c_ncpZhpw. ka¿Y\\mb hnZym¿Yn F∂p t]cptI´p. KthjW]T\\Øn\\v kvtImf¿jn∏v tXSn h∂p. AΩbpsS {]m¿Y\\; A\\p{Klw. Hmtcm L´Ønepw AΩbpsS t{]m¬kml\\w; A¥co£ Øn¬ \\£{Xambn {]`sNmcnbm≥ AXv IcpØmbn. \"\"DÆo, ]pkvXIßfn¬ hmbn®dn™nt´bp≈q; C\\n hoWpIn´p∂ kμ¿`߃ \\∂mbn {]tbmP\\s∏SpØWw. \\mSpw \\Kchpw t\\cn´p ImWWw. C¥y F¥msW∂v AdnbWw. AdnhpIƒ°∏pdØv bYm¿Yamb ⁄m\\w kz¥am°Ww. Ip´n°meØv HmXn∏Tn® XØz߃ A\\p`hßfneqsS a\\ n¬ thtcmSWw. F¶nte `qanbpsS AXncpIƒ t`Zn®v BImißfnte°p ]d°ptºmƒ Cu aÆns‚ alØzw XmcXayßfn√mØXmsW∂ kwkvImcw i‡n]Icq.....'' AΩbpsS hm°pIƒ `qanbpsS i_vZamWv. Ncn{Xapdßp∂ ]¿hXßfpw Xmgvhmcßfpw Xm≠n. Xnct°dnb sXcphoYnIfpw {]im¥amb IStemchpw ]n∂n´p. Pqlq_o®n¬ Hcp kmbm”w. ]e `mjIfpw thjßfpw Xna¿ØmSnb IS¬°cbn¬ Hgn™pamdn GIm¥amb Ccn∏nSw. AkvXabw t\\m°nbncp∂p. kqcys‚ Nph∏v FhnsSbpw Hcpt]mse. XncamebpsS i_vZØn\\v Htc cmKw. Im‰n\\v Fßpw Ipfn¿a. B kuμcyØn¬ ebn®p. ({]-W-b-Xmgvhc-bnse tZh-Zmcp) ˛ tPm¿Pv HmW-°q¿
A\\yP- oh- \\- pX- In kzPoh- nXw 39 ² \"\"Ipcphn°v IqSpIq´m≥ h≥acØnse sNdpimJ aXn; DWßnb CeIfpw Np≈n°ºpIfpw aXn.'' Cu hm°pIfn¬ sXfnbp∂ at\\m`mhsa¥v? N¿®sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I. ² \"\"B kvt\\lØn\\p XncnsI sImSpØXv ]T\\Ønse anIhpw hn\\bm\\znXamb s]cpam‰hp amWv.'' IYm\\mbIs‚ Cu hnebncpج Fs¥ms° ]mTßfNmWn{Xv \\-hap°¿Wp \\-߬Iƒp∂Xv? ² `qansbbpw AΩsbbpw _‘s∏SpØn t\\mhenÃv apt∂m´phbv°p∂ Nn¥Isfs¥√mw? ² kz¥w thcpIsf°pdn®p≈ t\\cmb AdnhpIfmWv IYm\\mbIs‚ i‡n. ]mT`mKØns‚ ASnÿm\\Øn¬ Cu {]kvXmh\\ hnebncpØn FgpXpI. ² ]mT`mKØp sXfnbp∂ tIcfob {KmaNn{Xw kz¥w hmIyßfn¬ BhnjvIcn°pI.
40 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen thZw DΩ hnf-ºnb tNmdn∂p ap≥]n¬ Rm≥ NpΩm apJw Idp-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Dt∏-cn-bn√, Idn-bn√, ao\\n√ ]∏Sw \"h´'Ønem-Wp-Xm-\\pw. tNm‰p-]m-{X-Øns‚ s]m´p-t]m-ep-s≠mcp tNm∂p-≈n-®-Ω¥n ˛ A{X-am-{Xw. tZjyw Ipd-®√ h∂-sX-\\n-°-t∏mƒ, tZl-sam-´msI hnd-®n-cp-∂p. h√m-sX-bn√ hnis∏-\\n-s°-¶nepw h√m-bva-bp-s≠∂p Rm≥ \\Sn-®p. DÆm≥ XpS-ßn-bm¬ hnÆp-s∂m-cp-Æn-bm˛ sbÆp-am-dp-≠-s∂≥ ho´n-se-s∂, F¶nepw Xo≥tai hn´p ]cn-`-hn˛ s®tßm-s´-∂n-√msX Rm≥ \\S-∂p. s]m´epw No‰-ep-ambn Rm≥ hoSns‚ ]n≥]p-d-tØ-bvs°m∂p ]mfn-t\\m-°n. At∏mƒ Rm≥ I≠p hS-°n-\\n-ap-‰-sØm˛ cmƒ°q-´w, ]mh-ß-sf-∂-b¬°m¿ IqSn-bn-cn-°-bm-Wp-Ω-b-h¿s°m-s°˛ ®qSp≈ I™n ]I¿∂nSp-∂p. HmSn-°-fn-°p-∂p≠m \"]jvWn'°™n-bn˛ temtcm s\\Sn-b-cn-h-‰p-am-{Xw. As∂m-s°-sb≥ \\m´n¬ `qcn-P-\\-߃°pw A∂-samcp kz]v\\-am-bn-cp-∂p. BwK-e-hm-gvNbpw bp≤-s°-Sp-Xnbpw BsI-sb≥ {Kmaw XI¿Øn-cp-∂p.
A\\yP- oh- \\- pX- In kzPoh- nXw 41 X¥-am¿, X≈-am¿ Ip´n-I-f-t\\ym\\yw Nn{X-h¿W-߃ X≈n-am-‰p-∂p, Ie-ºn-Sp-∂p. H´p-Nn-e¿ I™n tam¥n-∏n-cn-bp∂p a‰pw ]e¿ h∂p-tN¿∂nSp∂p. Aºm¿∂p I™n hnf-ºp-hm≥ ap‰Øp Ipºn´p \\n¬∏-Xn-∂p-≈n¬, Zqtc Fs∂-°-≠p-Ω-b-cn-In-se-Øn-s®m√n: \"\"\\t∂ Xnc-°m-bn-cp∂p tamt\\. ]‰oe ao≥I-dn-bp-≠m-°m≥; C°≠ ]´n-Wn-°m¿s°ms° I™n tht≠? hnÆp-hm≥ \\n¬°msX NΩ-¥n-t®m-dp-s≠˛ ∂pÆn-t]m, t\\c-ambv s_√-Sn-°m≥ \\mepaWn hn´p \\o hcp-tºm-tg°pw Abne-®m-dp-≠m-°n-sh-®nSmw Rm≥.'' C{Xbpw sNm√n-∏n-cn-™p-t]m-bp-Ω, F˛ ∂pƒØ-´n≥ Im]Syw shs¥-cn-™p. DÆm-{h-X-hp-am-b-\\y-sc-bq-´p-s∂m˛ sc∂p-Ω-X≥ b⁄w I≠p-\\n¬s° \\odp-sa-∂p≈w IpdpIo: ]g-b-cn˛ t®msd-\\n-°p-≠t√m th≠p-thm-fw; ]™-s°-Sp-Xn-bn¬ \\odp-thm¿ h‰n-√m˛ °™n-°n-c∂p he-™n-Sp-tºmƒ! ]ns∂ Rm≥ sshIn-bn,s√∂psS tNmdp-am˛ bpΩ-X≥ ]n∂n¬ ]Xp-ßn-sbØn D≈-en-t™m-Xn-t\\≥: \"\"F≥ tNmdpam I™n˛ sh≈-Øn-en´p hnf-ºn-s°m-≈q.'' s]m´n-°-c-™pΩ amtdmSp tN¿sØ-s∂˛ s°´n-∏n-Sn®p hnXpºn sas√: \"\"GsXm-∂-dn-™m¬ as‰-√m-a-dn-bm, am˛ thZw hni-s∏-∂-dn-™p-sIm-≠m¬ ss]bv°p∂ ]≈-bv°n-c-tXSn hmSp∂ ]mh-Øn¬ ImWmw ]S-®-h-s\\.'' (IYsb t{]an® IhnX) ˛ bqk-^en tIt®cn
42 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen ² \"\"As∂m-s°-sb≥ \\m´n¬ `qcn-P-\\-߃°pw A∂-samcp kz]v\\-am-bn-cp-∂p.'' GXp Ime-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv? ² \"\"GsXm-∂-dn-™m¬ as‰-√m-a-dn-bm, am˛ thZw hni-s∏-∂-dn-™p-sIm-≠m¬ ss]bv°p∂ ]≈-bv°n-c-tXSn hmSp∂ ]mh-Øn¬ ImWmw ]S-®-h-s\\.'' ˛DΩ-bpsS F¥p at\\m-`m-h-amWv Cu hcn-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂Xv? ² \"\"D≈-en-t™m-Xn-t\\≥: F≥ tNmdpam I™n˛ sh≈-Øn-en´p hnf-ºn-s°m-≈q.'' Cu \\ne-]m-Sn-se-Øm≥ Ip´nsb t{]cn-∏n® kml-N-cy-sa¥mWv? Is≠-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-I. ² \"\"Hcp IÆo¿°Ww a‰p˛ ≈h¿°mbv Rm≥ s]mgn-°th DZn-°-bm-sW-∂m-flm-hn˛ embncw kuc-a-fiew Hcp ]p©ncn a‰p˛ ≈h¿°m-bvs®-e-hm-°th lrZ-b-Øn-ep-em-hp∂p \\nXy-\\n¿Ωe ]u¿Wan'' (Ccp-]Xmw \\q‰m-≠ns‚ CXn-lm-kw˛ A°n-Øw) \"thZw' F∂ Ihn-X-bnepw A°n-Ø-Øns‚ Ihn-X-bnepw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂Xp am\\p-jn-I-aq- ey-ß-fpsS al-ØzamWv. C-°m-eØv CØcw aqey-߃°v CSnhp kw`-hn-®n-´pt≠m? N¿®sNøpI. \\nco-£-W-߃ Fgp-Xp-I. am\\-hn-IX {]ta-b-ambn hcp∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øn Ihn-Xb-cßv kwL-Sn-∏n- °pI; Ihn-X-∏-Xn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.
anI-®Xv A\\yP- oh- \\- pX- In kzPoh- nXw 43 C\\nbpw sa®-∏-Sm-˛Rm≥ Fs∂°- pd- n®v \\p-≈Xv th≠{X² Xmsg sImSpØ {]h¿Ø-\\ßfn¬ F{X-am{Xw anI®p \\n¬°p-∂p-sh∂v kzbw hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-´n-˛Ipdn-∏v Xbm-dm-°pI. ´n-√. Nn{X-h¿W-߃ Ihn-Xm-kzm-Z\\w • Xmf-Ønepw CuW-Ønepw sNm√m-\\p≈ Ignhv. • hcn-Iƒ hymJym-\\n®v Bi-b-߃ Xncn-®-dn-b¬. • {]tbm-K-߃, Ae-¶m-c-I-ev]-\\-Iƒ, _nw_-߃ F∂n-h hymJym-\\n-°epw Bkz-Zn-°epw. KZy-c-N\\ • cN-\\-I-fn¬ kμ¿`m-\\p-k-cWw Bi-b-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm- \\p≈ tijn. • hmb-\\-bn-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏´ {]tbm-K-߃, ssien-Iƒ F∂nh Bh-iy-amb L´-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°¬.
44 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen Fgp-Øp-Imsc h≈-tØmƒ Adnb- pI \\mcmb- W- t- at- \\m≥ (1878 ˛ 1958) Xncqcn\\SpØp≈ awKew Awiw h≈tØmƒ IpSpw_Øn¬ P\\\\w. B[p\\nI Ihn{XbØn¬ s]Sp∂p. ]{Xm[n]¿, Iem]cnt]mjI≥ F∂o \\neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. tIcf Iemafiew ÿm]n°p∂-Xn\\v t\\XrXzw hln-®p. kmlnXyaRvPcn(11 `mKw), _‘\\ÿ\\mb A\\ncp≤≥, aKvZe\\adnbw, sIm®pkoX, injy\\pw aI\\pw, Nn{XtbmKw (almImhyw), hmevaoIncmambWw(]cn`mj) XpSßnbhbmWv {][m\\ IrXnIƒ. ]Zva`qj¨, IhnXneI≥, Ihnkm¿h`ua≥ XpSßnb ]pckvImc߃ e`n®p. tUm. tPm¿Pv HmW°- q¿ 1941 ¬ aqhm‰p]pgbv°SpØv HmW°qdn¬ P\\\\w. t\\mhenÃv, sNdpIYm IrØv, k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c≥ F∂o \\neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. _me-km- lnXy C≥Ãn‰- yq´- v, k¿hh- n⁄- m\\- t- Imiw C≥Ãn‰- yq´v F∂nh- b- psS Ub- d-IvS-dm-bn-cp-∂p. C√w, Dƒ°S¬, Ima\\, I¬Ømac, lrZ-b-Øn¬ Hcp hmƒ, ]¿h-X-ß-fnse Im‰v, {]W-b-Xmgvhc-bnse tZh-Zmcp XpSßnb t\\mhepIfpw HenhpacßfpsS \\m´n¬, ASc- p∂ BImiw F∂o bm{Xm hnhcWßfpw \\mep ]q®°p´nIƒ, \\mSp\\oßp∂ t\\cw XpSßnb IYm k-am-lm-cßfpw cNn®n´p≠v. tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv (t\\mh-en\\pw bm{Xm-hn- h-c-W-Øn-\\pw) e`n®p. bqk^- en tIt®cn (1934 ˛ 2015) 1934¬ Xriqcnse tIt®cnbn¬ P\\\\w. Ihn, Km\\cNbnXmhv F∂o \\neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. Bbncw \\mhp≈ au\\w, A©p I\\yIIƒ, Hm¿Ωbv°v Xmtemen°m≥, tIt®cn∏pg, \\mZ{_“w, apJ]San√msX XpSßnb IhnXmkamlmcßfpw knμqcs®∏v F∂ Xnc°Ybpw Ht´sd kn\\namKm\\ßfpw cNn®p. tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv, HmS°pg¬ Ahm¿Uv, anI® Km\\-c-N-bn-Xm-hn-\\p≈ kwÿm\\ Ahm¿Uv XpSßnbh e`n®n´p≠v.
A\\yP- oh- \\- pX- In kzPoh- nXw 45 ]Z-tImiw ANew ˛ Ne\\an√mØXv, ae ]™s°SpXn ˛ £maImesØ Nn{X-h_¿pW≤na-ßp´v ƒ A]iIp\\w ˛ Zp»Ip\\w A`yp∂Xn ˛ Db¿® ]nip\\≥ ˛ GjWn°mc≥ BIkvanIX ˛ s]s´∂p≠mhp∂Xv {]Zmt\\m¬°≥ ˛ Zm\\w sNøm≥ BwKehmgvN ˛ Cw•ojv `cWw B{Kln°p∂h≥ BipKw ˛ Aºv, hmbp, ]£n {]Whw ˛ Hm¶mcw DZvKaw ˛ Db¿® {]`mhw ˛ alna, tim` Ducm¨a°m¿ ˛ t£{Xßfnepw a‰pw ^Jo¿ ˛ apkvenw k∂ymkn A[nImcw D≈h¿ {_“w ˛ ]camflmhv Ghw ˛ C{]Imcw `qcnP\\߃ ˛ P\\ßfn¬ Gdn-b-]¶pw HmP v ˛ PohssNX\\yw ap‡n ˛ tam£w HmSntbmSw ˛ thKhpw `wKnbpap≈ tam¥pI ˛ IpSn°pI Hcp Xcw sNdnb h≈w bPvRw ˛ bmKw I÷fw ˛ sNfn tbmKhnØv ˛ tbmK-hnZy ImXc≥ ˛ A[oc≥ Adn-bp-∂-h≥ (tb-mKn) ImdWn®fn ˛ IdpØ sNfn te]w ˛ ]pc´m\\p≈Xv IpdpIpI ˛ i_vZn°pI hnlmb v ˛ BImiw NtImcw ˛ sNtºmØv, D∏≥ hnlo\\w ˛ Dt]£n°s∏´, Nn{Xh¿Ww ˛ \\m\\mPmXn \\ndw C√mØ Noem¥n ˛ ]pcbpsS HcpXcw _ow iaw ˛ at\\mhnImcßfpsS Xncp∏nSn°pI ˛ XncpIn∏nSn°pI im¥n [zPw ˛ sImSnacw ikv{Xw ˛ Bbp[w \\μn\\n ˛ Imat[\\phns‚ ]p{Xn kZmbmk≥ ˛ Ft∏mgpw \\nISw ˛ kao]w {]h¿Øn°p∂h≥ \\n¿∂ntajw ˛ IÆnabv°msX kakz—w ˛ If¶an√msX \\n¿hrXn ˛ B\\μw kwKcw ˛ bp≤w \\n»q\\yw ˛ \\nt»jw iq\\yw ssÿcyw ˛ ÿnc-\\n-›-bw, £a \\njv{Ian°pI ˛ ]pdØpt]mIpI
46 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen am\\-hn-IX {]ta-b-ambn hcp∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn DNn-X-amb Xmfhpw `mhhpw Dƒs°m≠v sNm√n-b-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. alm∑m-cpsS PohnXw {]ta-b-amb kmln-Xy-c-N-\\Iƒ hmbn-°p-Ibpw Ah- bnse Bib- ß- ƒ D]t- bmK- s- ∏S- pØn hnhn[ hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fn¬ Bhn- jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. am\\-hn-I-X-bpsS ktμ-i-apƒs°m-≈p∂ ]pkvX-I-߃, B\\p-Im-en-I-߃ F∂nh hmbn-°p-Ibpw hmb-\\m-\\p-`-h-߃ sshhn-[y-tØmsS Bhn-jvI-cn- °p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. KZy-`m-j-bpsS Imhymfl-IX Xncn-®-dn-bpIbpw kam-\\-{]-tbm-K-߃ HuNn- ]T-\\-t\\-´-߃ Xy-]q¿hw cN-\\-I-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. t\\mh-ep-I-fnse {]ta-bw, `mj, BJym-\\-co-Xn, IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS khn-ti- j-X-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v [mcW cq-]-s∏-Sp-ØpIbpw eLp-\\n-cq-]-W-߃ Xbm-dm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Imew Z¿in® ckm\\- p`- qX- nI- ƒ 47 4 Imew Z¿in® ckm\\- p`- qX- nI- ƒ Nn{X-h¿W-߃ tImgn-t°mSv kmaq-XncncmPm-hns‚ ImeØv Xfn-t£-{X-Øn¬h®v thZ-im- kv{X-]p-cm-W-߃ Bkv]-Z-am°n hmZw \\S-Øp∂ ]Xn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Pbn- °p-∂-h¿°v Xºp-cm≥ Ingn-Ifpw _lp-a-Xn-Ifpw \\¬Ipam-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ ]ctZ-in-]fin-X\\mb D±-fi-im-kv{Xn-Iƒ kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS k`- bnseØn. kIe-scbpw hmZ-Øn¬ tXm¬∏n®v Ingn-I-sf√mw hmßn. At±-l- Øns‚ tbmKyX I≠v Xºpcm≥ imkv{Xn-Isf Xs‚ IqsS-Øs∂ Xma-kn-∏n- °pI-bp-≠m-bn. kztZ-in-I-fmb ]fin-X-¿°p \\mW-t°-Sm-bn. hfsc sNdp-∏- Øn¬Øs∂ hm‹nbpw bp‡n-am\\p-ambnØo¿∂ Im°-t»cn`´-Xn-cnsb D±- fi-imkv{Xn-I-tfmSv FXn-cn-Sm\\mbn Ah¿ Is≠-Øn. imkv{Xn-Ifpambp≈ hmZØn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ `´-Xncn k`-bn-se-Øn. Xºp-cm≥ `´-Xn-cnsb I≠n´v tNmZn®p: \"\"DÆn-sb-¥n-\\mWv h∂Xv; hmZ-Øn¬ tNcm-\\mtWm?'' \"\"AsX.'' `´-Xncn ]d-™p. DSs\\ imkv{Xn `´-Xn-cnsb Cßs\\ ]cn-l-kn®p: \"\"BImtcm {lkzx''. `´-Xncn Xncn-®-Sn-®p: \"\"\\ln \\ln, BImtcm Zo¿Lx; AImtcm {lkzx'' `´-Xn-cnsb I≠n´v Ip´nbmWt√m F∂ Hcp ]cnlmk `mhØnemWv \"\"BImtcm {lkzx'' F∂v imkv{Xn-Iƒ ]d-™-Xv. \"BImcw' F∂Xv \"B' F∂p≈ A£-c-sa∂ A¿Y-Øn¬ BWv `´-Xncn DØcw ]d-™-Xv. Cu bp‡n-bn¬ imkv{XnIƒ e÷n®pt]mb- n. XpS¿∂p≈ hmZß- f- n¬ `´X- ncn imk{v XnI- sf ka¿Y- ambn tXm¬∏n®v Ingn-Iƒ kz¥-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Aßs\\ kztZin]finX- c- psS A`na- m\\- w hos≠SpØ- p. (Ah-ew_w : sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶p-Æn-bpsS \"sFXnly-am-e') Cu sFXnly-I-Y-bn¬\\n∂p In´p∂ Bi-b-߃ Fs¥ms°? N¿®-sN-øp-I.
48 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen amWn-Iy-hoW hμ\\w hμ\\w! hm¿saØpw {Zmhn-U˛ P∑-P-∑m-¥c-]p-Wy-at√. hiyamw ssien-bn¬ \\ns∂-÷-bn-s∏mcp \\μn-\\n-bmbn hf¿∂ `mtj, hniz-a-t\\m-l-c-`m-j-bpt≠m. hμ\\w hμ\\w! NnØw Ih¿∂nSpw Nμ-\\m-tamZw Ie¿∂ `mtj, Xmf-an-´m-Sp∂p sX¶-S¬°-t√m-e˛ Poh∂p \\qX-t\\m-t∑jw ]I¿∂nSpw ]mfn- \\n≥ Km\\-߃ tI´n-Sp-tºmƒ; tZh-`m-jm-arXw tN¿∂ `mtj, Xm\\-ambvØocp∂p \\mfn-tI-c-{Zpa˛ \\n∑p-e-∏m-ens‚ -hocyapƒs°m≠-sX≥ Xme-]-{Xm-¥-ca¿Ωc-߃;
Imew Z¿in® ckm\\- p`- qX- nI- ƒ 49 B\\-μ-cm-K-߃ aqfp∂p \\ofp∂ cay-X-tN¿Ø-Xn-s√{X \\n∂n¬? Im\\-\\-s∏m¬°p-fn¿t®m-e-sb√mw. Bh¿Øn-®o-Ss´ ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂-bp˛ ambncw h´-an-{io-hn-Im-kw. Xz¬ I¿Ω-a-fiew hnkvXr-X-a-s√mcp ssI°p-S-h-´-am,Wmbn-cn°mw; ImWp∂p Ieym-W-\\n-t£-]-sa-∂-t]m¬ F¶nepw \\n≥ Io¿Øn-sb-Øm-Ø-sX-ßp-hm≥? Ima-kp-c-`n-t]m¬ \\ns∂ R߃. i¶-c-tZ-in-I-tZ-i-`mtj! \\ns∂-_v`-Pn-°p∂ `mh\\ [\\yamw A¥-co-£-Øn¬ kpK‘w ]c-°p-hm˛ s\\¥n\\p IkvXq-cn-tb-sd-tbm¿Øm¬? \\ns∂-∏p-IN-gvØn{Xp∂-h¿\\Wmhp-ßhμƒyw. Nn{X-h¿tWm-÷z-te, \\n≥ ]pjv]-hm-Sn-bn˛ tIc-f-Øq-sam-gn-sb∂p tI´m¬ aXn, se{X hk-¥-߃ h∂-Xn√? tImcn-Ø-cn-∏ns‚ sImbvØp-Im-ew. lrØn-sem-Xp-ßm-sØm-cm-th-i-am¿∂p-sIm˛ HmP- n≥ ImX-te, \\ns∂-tbm¿°p-sºmt-g˛ s≠{X Ipbn-ep-Iƒ IqIn-bn√? t°mtcm lrZ-b-hptamSn-tbmSw. at´mepw ]q°-sf-®p-‰n-∏-d-s∂{X aØ-`rw-K-߃ apc-≠-Xn√? ImWn-°-sh-®nSmw k¿hhpw tim`-t\\, AΩ-[p-am-k-hn-`q-Xn-I-sfm-s°bpw amWn-Iy-hoW \\o ao´n-bmepw! ˛shÆn-°pfw tKm]m-e-°p-dp-∏v (amWn-Iy-hoW) ² ae-bmfw amXr-`m-j-bm-b-Xv ]pWy-am-bmWv Ihn ImWp-∂-sX∂p kqNn-∏n°p∂ hcn-I-tfh? ² \"\"Xz¬ I¿Ω-a-fiew hnkvXr-X-a-s√mcp ssI°p-S-h-´-am,Wmbn-cn°mw; F¶nepw \\n≥ Io¿Øn-sb-Øm-Ø-sX-ßp-hm≥? i¶-c-tZ-in-I-tZ-i-`mtj! A¥-co-£-Øn¬ kpK‘w ]c-°p-hm˛ s\\¥n\\p IkvXq-cn-tb-sd-tbm¿Øm¬?'' hcn-I-fnse Bi-b-`wKn Is≠Øn F-gp-Xp-I. ² \"\"Nn{X-h¿tWm-÷z-te, \\n≥ ]pjv]-hm-Sn-bn˛ se{X hk-¥-߃ h∂-Xn√? lrØn-sem-Xp-ßm-sØm-cm-th-i-am¿∂p-sIm˛ s≠{X Ipbn-ep-Iƒ IqIn-bn√? at´mepw ]q°-sf-®p-‰n-∏-d-s∂{X aØ-`rw-K-߃ apc-≠-Xn√?'' ae-bm-f-Ihn-X-bpsS Fs¥√mw khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv Cu hcn-I-fn-¬ {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv? ² Bi-bw, Na-¬°m-c-`w-Kn, Xe-s°´v F∂nh ]cn-tim-[n®v Ihn-Xbv°v Bkzm-Z-\\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI ² amXr-`m-j-bpsS alØzw {]ta-b-ambnhcp∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v sNm√n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I.
50 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen [¿Ωn-jvT-\\mb cmt[-b≥ Ip¥n X\\n°p ]nd∂ kqcy]p{X\\- mb I¿Ws\\, P\\n-®-bp-S-s\\- s]´n-bn-em°n \\Zn-bn-ep-t]-£n-°p-∂p. \\Znb- n¬\\n∂p In´nb B Ip™ns\\ kqX\\- mb A[nc- Y- \\pw `mcyb- mb cm[bpw hf¿Øn. P∑\\m Ih-NI- p-fie- -[m-cnbpw ka¿Y\\pw [oc-\\p-amb I¿W≥ Zptcym-[\\-]-£ØmWv \\ne-bp-d-∏n-®Xv. alm`mc-X-bp≤w XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\\p ap≥]v {ioIrj- vW≥ I¿Wt- \\mSv Xs‚ bYm¿Y amXm]- nX- m°- ƒ Bcms- W∂ clkyw shfn-s∏-SpØpIbmWv. Aßs\\ bp≤w Hgnh- m°- m\\- mbn At±-lsØ ]mfi-h]-£-tØ°p £Wn-°p-∂-XmWv ]mT-k-μ¿`w.
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