["tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, Cort \u0111ang cho h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp thu\u00ea n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kinh doanh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Pabrai n\u00f3i: - C\u1ea3 Munger v\u00e0 Buffett \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 bong b\u00f3ng kinh doanh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. H\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 doanh thu c\u1ee7a Cort ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. Sau n\u00e0y, Munger g\u1ecdi v\u1ee5 mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Pabrai th\u00eam m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra: khi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, c\u1ea7n xem l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u1ea5u t\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 (t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Cook) c\u0169ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 - l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ebd xem qua c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 Danh m\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec3m tra Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Theo danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong t\u1eebng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng che gi\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. - Cook b\u1ea3o v\u1eady. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1eefa l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u00edch trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xem c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro then ch\u1ed1t. Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. - \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Anh b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 xem \u0111i r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. - Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Enron, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. - M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. \u00d4ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng. Ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a ra c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m b\u00e1n h\u1ebft c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu, trong khi l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n h\u1eddi. C\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng s\u1eafp n\u1ed5 tung, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u1ee9 nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng Cook \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o Danh m\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec3m tra Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xem ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef in nh\u1ecf trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0y.","- Trong s\u1ed1 50 l\u1ea7n th\u00ec 49 l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 50 th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. - \u00d4ng n\u00f3i. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o trong t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n, gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sao cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c th\u00eam v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 khi c\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc th\u1eafng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u1ef1 g\u1ea1t m\u00ecnh. - C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. - \u00d4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. - Nh\u01b0ng khi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda tay v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do l\u00ean tay ngh\u1ec1. Cook th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (qu\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 doanh thu), nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra ngay trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a Cook kinh doanh t\u1ed1t, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0nh. Li\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra g\u00f3p bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1ea5y? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai n\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa: Cho d\u00f9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eabn mang l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ngo\u00e0i mong \u0111\u1ee3i - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m, t\u0103ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. \u00d4ng v\u1eabn s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 khi n\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai s\u00f3t. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian \u00edt h\u01a1n. Trong khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 \u2013 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i hay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fac \u1ea5y lan man v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng hay chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u00e0 khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u - \u1eeb th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1edd Danh m\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec3m tra Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m, c\u00f2n v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft: - Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i nhanh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. Pabrai v\u00e0 Spier, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf Zurich, c\u0169ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Spier","ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng nay \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y n\u1eefa. Pabrai \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Pabrai t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 100%. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, Pabrai nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng lao d\u1ed1c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 b\u00e1n th\u00e1o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00fd, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n 100 c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua th\u00eam m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Pabrai b\u1ea3o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, hay c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 160%. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh - gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh y. M\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thu l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ngay c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam ch\u00fat \u00edt ti\u1ec1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, mua l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u1ed9p l\u1ea5y l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9: danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi Cook l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong hai n\u0103m qua kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m c\u1ea3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng ngay khi \u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea3ng \u0111i h\u1ebft. Ngay trong c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c v\u1eady. - M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ty th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. - \u00d4ng k\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng tham gia. - T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n xem sao. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng ai l\u00e0m theo c\u1ea3. - \u00d4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i n\u0103m, Geoff Smart - ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc khi \u1ea5y \u0111ang c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Claremont Graduate - c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a 51 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4- la v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 Pabrai, Cook v\u00e0 Spier, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn, v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty non tr\u1ebb, \u0111ang t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Nh\u01b0ng Google hay Apple c\u0169ng kh\u1edfi","\u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n l\u00ean s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Smart c\u00f2n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean r\u00f3t v\u1ed1n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u1ea5y. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kinh doanh t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, bi\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m li\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m hay xao nh\u00e3ng. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm hoi. Smart nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n dung con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 danh nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua - c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2u n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0103n b\u00e1m\u201d, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty: h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o. Ki\u1ec3u \u201cB\u00ean nguy\u00ean\u201d x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ty, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng. \u201cB\u00ean nguy\u00ean\u201d ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ecd. Ki\u1ec3u \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 do v\u1eady h\u1ecd b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd mua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay, sau \u0111\u00f3 sa th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 Smart g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1c c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh tu\u00e2n theo, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, Smart t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u00e1n ra ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1c c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. 10% nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i sa th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, hay ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 50%. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c","\u201cC\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trung b\u00ecnh 80%, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 35% ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u201cNh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u201d hay \u201cNh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0103n b\u00e1m\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u201cC\u00e1c c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec m\u1ea5y. Sau khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Smart c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean Who (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i). T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng, khi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cKh\u00f4ng, v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 c\u0169\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng h\u01a1n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n quay l\u01b0ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p khi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c \u1ea5y. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta khao kh\u00e1t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2013 trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. H\u1ecd nhanh tr\u00ed, \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c hay danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2009, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a WHO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Ngay ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, chuy\u1ebfn bay mang s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 1549 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng US Airways mang theo 155 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh t\u1eeb phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng La Guardia, New York, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n ng\u1ed7ng tr\u1eddi Canada tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn h\u1ea1t Manhattan. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Hudson l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. B\u00e1o gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho tai n\u1ea1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Hudson\u201d. M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ban An to\u00e0n Giao th\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u201cbu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00fa h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d. C\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng 57 tu\u1ed5i - Chesley B. \u201cSully\u201d Sullenberger III, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m 20.000 gi\u1edd bay - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khen ng\u1ee3i. T\u1edd New York Post gi\u1eadt t\u00edt \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9\u201d. H\u00e3ng tin ABC g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Hudson\u201d. C\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c tung h\u00f4 \u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng New York\u201d, c\u00f2n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9\u201d, trong khi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a New York\u201d. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng s\u1eafp m\u00e3n nhi\u1ec7m George W. Bush tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u1ecdi","\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i cho Sullenberger \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed Barack Obama \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c tay th\u1ee3 \u1ea3nh chen nhau tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1edf Danville, California, c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed9p cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111ang \u1edf tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u1ede qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n binh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 tin l\u1ed9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y nh\u1edd v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u00e1y bay h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u00ean phi c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 l\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n nhanh ch\u00f3ng s\u01a1 t\u00e1n h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y bay, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc ai m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Sullenberger \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ngay t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n\u201d. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft b\u00e1m s\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng k\u00edn ti\u1ebfng. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3, khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1ed3m n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York, tham d\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 70.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tung h\u00f4 t\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i Super Bowl \u2013 gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n B\u00f3ng B\u1ea7u D\u1ee5c Qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 \u2013 \u1edf v\u1ecbnh Tampa, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u l\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a Sully nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n. - \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u l\u01b0\u1ee3n khi \u1ea5y kh\u00e1c xa chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00e0u l\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. - Sullenberger ph\u00e2n bua. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn bay \u1ea5y. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i Airbus A320 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn \u1edf hai b\u00ean c\u00e1nh. M\u00e1y bay c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh v\u00e0o l\u00fac 3 gi\u1edd 25 ph\u00fat trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u1ebbo, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u00e2n bay Charlotte, North Carolina. C\u01a1 ph\u00f3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Jeffrey Skiles ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 phi c\u00f4ng Sullenberger l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi c\u00f4ng d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Skiles c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd bay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng Sullenberger v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e1i chi\u1ebfc Boeing 737. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 l\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nghe qua th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eady. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng quen nhau c\u00f9ng th\u1ee5 l\u00fd v\u1ee5 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a. Hay t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 c\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng","trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hai b\u00ean s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1eaft khe tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c). H\u1ecd l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i \u00fd ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch bay, nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u1ea5y \u2013 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u2013 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y bay s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 xa l\u1ea1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i bay g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed Sullenberger v\u00e0 Skiles b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 150 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m bay \u2013 150 n\u0103m l\u00e0m theo danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh bay d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt danh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh y, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ng\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt hay nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phi c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn xem th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bay, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d. Hay \u201cC\u1ee9 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ed5n m\u00e0\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng anh \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3\u201d. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i tai n\u1ea1n th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c \u1edf Tenerife v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1977 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. Hai chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay Boeing 747 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o nhau tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3o Canary c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. V\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m 583 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. C\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t trong hai chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u1ea5y \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng H\u00e0 Lan KLM - \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u sai h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111ang truy\u1ec1n \u0111i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng ch\u01b0a th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. C\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ph\u00f3 th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Pan American \u0111ang c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng. - \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng ch\u01b0a th\u00f4ng. C\u1ee7a Pan American \u00e0? - L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 ph\u00f3 th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng. - \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf. - C\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay ch\u1ea1y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng. C\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 sai. C\u01a1 ph\u00f3 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u01a1 ph\u00f3 th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p, hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, d\u1eebng c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p","lao v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra tai n\u1ea1n th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. S\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 khi c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129, c\u1eafm c\u00fai l\u00e0m theo m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ra ngo\u00e0i qua k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra so\u1ea1n ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (B\u00e1nh l\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t? B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n h\u1ebft c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?...), \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n (Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Kho\u1ea3ng 90 gi\u00e2y sau khi c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh, chuy\u1ebfn bay mang s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 1549 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng US Airways \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.000 m\u00e9t khi c\u1eaft ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n ng\u1ed7ng tr\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u1ee7a Sullenberger l\u00e0 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh. Ti\u1ebfng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 to \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u00e1y thu \u00e2m \u1edf bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i c\u0169ng ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin sau n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n chim nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee5ng hai l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 xay n\u00e1t ch\u00fang ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng ng\u1ed7ng tr\u1eddi Canada l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 4 kg tr\u1edf l\u00ean, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu cu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eaft m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 tung hay l\u00e0m v\u0103ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc A320 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 khi ch\u00fang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hy h\u1eefu nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hy h\u1eefu \u2013 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ba con ng\u1ed7ng b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Sullenberger \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra hai quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh then ch\u1ed1t: \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb c\u01a1 ph\u00f3 Skiles, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng Hudson. C\u1ea3 hai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay La Guardia hay \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng \u1edf s\u00e2n bay Teterboro, New Jersey, theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u. C\u1ea3 hai phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m bay, nh\u01b0ng Sullenberger c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfc A320 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh va v\u00e0o \u2013 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Manhattan, c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u George Washington \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Skiles ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n A320, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn. - \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. - Sullenberger s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t tay l\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.","- V\u00e2ng. - Skiles \u0111\u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo. H\u1ed9i \u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i \u00fd. B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i. Sullenberger s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh. C\u00f2n Skiles s\u1ebd l\u00e0m theo danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e0nh cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o va ch\u1ea1m \u201cD\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. D\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. D\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. D\u1eebng l\u1ea1i\u201d th\u00ec bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 im l\u1eb7ng. M\u1ed7i phi c\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea3 hai phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u00e1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao v\u00e0i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u1ee5 l\u00e1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn bay b\u00ecnh y\u00ean, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea. Phi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 l\u00e1i thay nhau \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bay v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba ph\u00fat r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. C\u0169ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, Skiles c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y bay h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian. Skiles c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u00e1y bay \u0111ang lao xu\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 may s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e0nh cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nhanh nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u01b0a r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00fat \u00edt c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2n bay g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Skiles \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 - \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra sau n\u00e0y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong danh m\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc. - \u0110\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh ch\u01b0a? - Sullenberger h\u1ecfi. - \u0110\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh. - Skiles tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Sullenberger t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m. V\u00ec, theo nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 phi c\u00f4ng William Langewiesche \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1eafc l\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c","c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5m xanh hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh gi\u00fap Sullenberger nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn ph\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng khi ch\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ba ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng trong khoang m\u00e1y bay l\u00e0 Sheila Dail, Donna Dent v\u00e0 Doreen Welsh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c cho nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. H\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00f4m ch\u1eb7t hai ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng khi va ch\u1ea1m. Ngay khi m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1eb7c \u00e1o phao. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ngay khi m\u00e1y bay v\u1eeba d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian mang x\u00e1ch t\u01b0 trang hay b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t do l\u00e0m ph\u1ed3ng \u00e1o phao \u1edf trong m\u00e1y bay. Welsh, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf t\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i d\u00e3y gh\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed9i qua l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3ng cao t\u1edbi ng\u1ef1c tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai trong b\u1ed1n l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1edd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm ch\u1ec9 trong ba ph\u00fat \u2013 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Trong khi h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, Sullenberger tr\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay, c\u00f2n Skiles v\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1ea1i bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra khi s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. Ch\u1ec9 khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e0 v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean b\u1edd. C\u00e1c th\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfc phao l\u00e0m cho m\u00e1y bay n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sullenberger th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng \u0111i d\u1ecdc c\u00e1c d\u00e3y gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Sau khi m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng, Sullenberger n\u00f3i: - C\u01a1 ph\u00f3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Jeff Skiles v\u00e0 t\u00f4i quay sang nhau, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng \u2018\u00c0, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 t\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng\u2019. V\u1eady ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng? Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t phi th\u01b0\u1eddng trong chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn. Tai n\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh an to\u00e0n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111ang neo \u0111\u1eadu g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u nhanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch b\u1ecb l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u0103ng gi\u00e1. C\u00fa va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n ng\u1ed7ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u George Washington. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay c\u0169ng lao xu\u1ed1ng xu\u00f4i theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, thay v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng hay ra bi\u1ec3n, n\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i khi h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh. Tuy v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng may m\u1eafn \u1ea5y th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng 155 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3. V\u1eady c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0, \u0111\u00fang, anh h\u00f9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay. Phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn bay s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 1549 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng US Airways \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3","hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c mang t\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng trong chuy\u1ebfn bay \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm hoi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u1ea5y khi th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, khi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chung. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha: ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u2013 d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n hay phi c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng: ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng tin: ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ri\u00eang c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n th\u00eam y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt: k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p thao t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i kho t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Trong ng\u00e0nh y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1eef \u201cquy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p - m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 r\u1ee7i ro cao, trong khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf xa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o, th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi. V\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1nh nhau. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u2013 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng tin hay k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n v\u1eb7t. Ch\u00fang ta sinh ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1eefa l\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bay l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phi c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 - kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y","d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c sau n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 Ban An to\u00e0n Giao th\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c gia chuy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. Mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, thay v\u00ec tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ec1u ghi r\u00f5 ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra - l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n mong ch\u1edd ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Suy cho c\u00f9ng, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu danh m\u1ee5c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c thay cho \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e0n c\u00e3i g\u00ec n\u1eefa, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc, x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a cao \u1ed1c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ca m\u1ed5 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u... Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i th\u00eam theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai \u2013 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong y h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Donald Berwick, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c Y t\u1ebf \u1edf Boston v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u1eady - c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Trong y h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u2013 thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, chuy\u00ean gia t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u2013 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u00edt ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau. Berwick ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d. \u00d4ng n\u00eau v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfc xe tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng xe danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta r\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc Ferrari, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc Porsche, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m x\u00f3c c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc BMW v\u00e0 th\u00e2n xe c\u1ee7a Volvo. \u201cK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng","g\u00ec ta c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n Y t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 30 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4-la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh y h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Y t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i k\u00e8m nh\u1eb1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh \u1ea5y v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 Boeing chuy\u00ean l\u1eadp c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, trong ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n hay ngh\u0129 ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 \u2013 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i. Trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen t\u01b0 duy theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u 299 \u2013 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u201cc\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u01a1n\u201d, ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Quan s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y sai s\u00f3t v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i \u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y th\u1eed danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra.","CH\u01af\u01a0NG 9 C\u1ee8U M\u1ea0NG \u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 2007, ngay khi danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5 do t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. T\u00f4i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf t\u00e1m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f2n trong ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i? L\u00e0m \u01a1n \u0111\u1eebng b\u1eaft t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, song t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u. Ngay m\u1edbi tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong n\u0103m ca m\u1ed5. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac m\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Vi\u1ec7c \u00ea k\u00edp g\u00e2y m\u00ea xao nh\u00e3ng l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khi nh\u1edb khi qu\u00ean. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ra ven \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111ang r\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, y t\u00e1 ng\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed5. - Kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam trong v\u00f2ng 60 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed5? - T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc to m\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng \u1edf t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng. - \u1ed2, \u0111\u00fang r\u1ed3i, uhm, v\u00e2ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ngay. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea \u0111\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1ea5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0a con dao cho t\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh. C\u00f4 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1ng sinh khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4 b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m Candida - b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng sinh. R\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ca m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng 1% \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh l\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen (khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m xao nh\u00e3ng) \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i su\u00fdt hai l\u1ea7n ti\u00eam m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00f4 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 sau khi g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i loanh quanh trong ph\u00f2ng l\u00fac t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n lo l\u1eafng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eefa, y t\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh. B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea t\u1ecf v\u1ebb ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tham gia cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00ea k\u00edp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 60 c\u1ea7n c\u1eaft b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t","n\u1eeda tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p v\u00ec c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng t\u1eebng nghi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i thang b\u1ed9 hai t\u1ea7ng l\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee5t h\u01a1i hay \u0111au ng\u1ef1c. Nh\u00ecn chung l\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng b\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u1ed5n. T\u00f4i nghe ph\u1ed5i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ran. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng khi g\u1eb7p b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc ca m\u1ed5, b\u00e0 ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kh\u00f3 th\u1edf sau hai ca m\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1edf oxy t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ca, b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong khu s\u0103n s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n t\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m, b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea nh\u1eafc t\u00f4i n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch theo d\u00f5i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n sau ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1ebd ra v\u1ec1 trong ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y. V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i th\u00eam. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00e0 th\u1edf v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng x\u1ecbt thu\u1ed1c trong l\u00fac m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau khi m\u1ed5, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n th\u1edf oxy sau \u0111\u00f3. D\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ca l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng thu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c men, sai s\u00f3t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n l\u00ean m\u1eabu sinh thi\u1ebft g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc. Danh m\u1ee5c gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Hagerman (ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) 53 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 hai con v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ean trong g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u01b0a chrom. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. Ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft ra ch\u1ea5t adrenalin nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ngo\u00e0i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nay, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 40 ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi \u00f4ng Hagerman \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ed1i u l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i kh\u00e1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng ta. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng, m\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 \u2013 m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 tim - c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i cam \u0111oan v\u1edbi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Tuy th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Hagerman, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i.","T\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ca m\u1ed5 n\u1ed9i soi c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u. T\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e1y quay m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng gan l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda xa b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u1eadm, m\u1ec1m, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1ed9c ch\u00edn. T\u00f4i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng t\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1i u ra kh\u1ecfi t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Khi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: t\u00f4i c\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7! \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 ngay tim b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. M\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y \u1ed3 \u1ea1t. Sau kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng. Tim ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp. T\u00f4i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c r\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft m\u1ed5 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ee5ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. T\u00f4i c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 tim b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong tay v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e9p \u2013 m\u1ed9t hai ba \u00e9p, m\u1ed9t hai ba \u00e9p \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 n\u00e3o. B\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i gi\u1eef \u00e1p su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i tim b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3n tay m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00fat m\u00e1u n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng Hagerman c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. T\u00f4i gi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u1ea5y m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ca m\u1ed5. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u00ea k\u00edp n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e1u cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 100 ml m\u00e1u\u201d. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ca n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 do kh\u1ed1i u \u1edf s\u00e1t ngay t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 n\u00ean x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Y t\u00e1 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e1u d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef s\u1eb5n trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00e1u hay ch\u01b0a, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u2013 \u201cph\u00f2ng khi c\u1ea7n\u201d, theo nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i. Xem l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00e1u. V\u1eady l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng \u00f4ng Hagerman. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong ph\u00f2ng khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ca m\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea, y t\u00e1 g\u00e2y m\u00ea, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5, y t\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5, y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, sinh vi\u00ean y khoa, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 quen bi\u1ebft b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u2013 \u201cAtul Gawande, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt\u201d, \u201cRich Bafford, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5\u201d, \u201cSue Marchand, y t\u00e1\u201d \u2013 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0o t\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2ng tay nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft. B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c y t\u00e1 c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u1ec1n \u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 cho \u00f4ng mang gi\u00e0y \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m ph\u1ed3ng","nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng. L\u00fac b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng khi con dao m\u1ed5 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o da b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ea k\u00edp. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0m r\u00e1ch t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh. Y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n g\u1ecdi b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00e1u. B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea ch\u1ea7m ch\u1eadm truy\u1ec1n t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e1u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra: tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd mang v\u00e0o th\u00eam thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea t\u00ecm th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh\u2026 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1eefng ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u01a1n 30 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u2013 g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Tay t\u00f4i v\u1eabn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u00e9p tim cho \u00f4ng. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c m\u00e1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng tim \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef cho m\u00e1u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. B\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1eb9p v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tim b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ebft m\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng Hagerman \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p th\u1ea5p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb m\u00f9 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean m\u1eaft. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. T\u00f4i b\u1ecb d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ngu\u00f4i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. D\u00f9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 xin l\u1ed7i \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u1edbi b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ca m\u1ed5 c\u1eaft tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Hagerman. M\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ed5 v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady x\u1ea3y ra th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. Nh\u1edd ca m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Hagerman m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ca m\u1ed5 \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i, t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1edd c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Hagerman. \u00d4ng v\u1eeba b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng ty c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 ba ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i xe. - T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay x\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. - \u00d4ng m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ecf v\u1ebb cay \u0111\u1eafng hay gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng. - \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9, - \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. - T\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t vui \u0111\u1ea5y.","PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG DANH M\u1ee4C KI\u1ec2M TRA","","L\u1edcI C\u00c1M \u01a0N \u00f3 ba nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c \u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u00ec cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, n\u00ean t\u00f4i xin b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00f4i xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sai s\u00f3t, v\u1ec1 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tina Bennett, tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ngay t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi t\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Henry Finder, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean t\u1edd New Yorker, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00f4i c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o sao cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. Laura Schoenherr, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Roslyn Schloss, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Metropolitan Books, Riva Hocherman \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb Sara Bershtel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Metropolitan Books, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean. C\u00f4 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, gi\u00fap t\u00f4i g\u1ecdt gi\u0169a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u00fd. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1m \u01a1n Donald Berwic r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho t\u00f4i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c y t\u1ebf. Peter Pronovost l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ICU. Lucian Leape, David Bates v\u00e0 Berwick l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00f4i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi WHO. Ng\u00e0i Liam Donaldson, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh An To\u00e0n B\u1ec7nh Nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a WHO, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Pauline Philip, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh An To\u00e0n B\u1ec7nh Nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a WHO, \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng ra kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i WHO, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Margaret Chan, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ian Smith, ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c David Heymann v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Tim Evans, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh. Gerald Dziekan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c","trong su\u1ed1t ba n\u0103m qua, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Vivienne Allan, Hilary Coates, Armorel Duncan, Helen Hughes, Sooyeon Hwang, Angela Lashoher, Claire Lemer, Agnes Leotsakos, Pat Martin, Douglas Noble, Kristine Stave, Fiona Stewart-Mills v\u00e0 Julie Storr. T\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty Boeing, Daniel Boorman \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o sinh \u0111\u1ebb an to\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m c\u00fam H1N1, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Jamie v\u00e0 Christopher Copper-Hohn, Roman Emmanuel, Mala Gaonkar c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Oliver Haarmann, David Greenspan, Yen v\u00e0 Eeling Liow l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u00f4i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u. \u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, b\u1ed9 ba William Berry, Tom Weiser v\u00e0 Alex Haynes l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt An to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a WHO m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o Abdel-Hadi Breizat, Lord Ara Darzi, E. Patchen Dellinger, Teodoro Herbosa, Sidhir Joseph, Pascience Kibatala, Marie Lapitan, Alan Merry, Krishna Moorthy, Richard Reznick v\u00e0 Bryce Taylor, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; Bruce Barraclough, Martin Makary, Didier Pittet v\u00e0 Iskander Sayek, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia trong nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt An to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a WHO; Martin Fletcher v\u00e0 Lord Naren Patel l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i C\u01a1 quan An to\u00e0n B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Anh; Alex Arriaga, Angela Bader, Kelly Bernier, Bridget Craig, Priya Desai, Rachel Dyer, Lizzier Edmondson, Luke Funk, Stuart Lipsitz, Scott Regenbogen c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Brigham; v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c MacArthur. T\u00f4i t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 t\u00ean xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn gi\u00fap t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Jonathan Katz, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao \u1ed1c; Dutch Leonard v\u00e0 Arnold Howitt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1n b\u00e3o Katrina; Nuno Alvez v\u00e0 Andrew Hebert, c\u00e1c b\u1ebfp ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng Rialto, \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o khu nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; Eugene Hill \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Geoff Smart; v\u00e0 Marcus Semel, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Y t\u1ebf Harvard Vanguard \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng trong y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Katy Thompson \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 b\u1ed5 sung cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u00ean t\u1edd New Yorker v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cDanh M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec3m Tra\u201d, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu h\u1ecd, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Elizabeth Morse, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap t\u00f4i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. Michael Zinner, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ban Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Brigham, c\u00f9ng","v\u1edbi Arnie Epstein, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ban Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Y t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Harvard, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00f4i trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua. David Remnick, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1edd New Yorker, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00f4i l\u00e0m c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i th\u1eadt may m\u1eafn khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai nh\u00f3m sau c\u00f9ng: \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i. Kathleen - v\u1ee3 t\u00f4i, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c con Hunter, Hatie v\u00e0 Walker - th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i do nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m say m\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho t\u00f4i, chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m k\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn."]
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