["\u201cLobo\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00f4m h\u00f9m. Mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch b\u1ecb d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9t m\u00ec. Ph\u00f3 b\u1ebfp s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 nghe ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch. - L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u1ea5m. L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ph\u00f4-mai. - M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i. - Th\u00eam m\u00f3n t\u00f4m h\u00f9m. - \u0110\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp l\u1eddi. - N\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ef9 mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9t m\u00ec, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. - \u0110\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp m\u00f3n n\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3i to. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. Adams c\u0169ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u, n\u1eeda ti\u1ebfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf c\u1eeda, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o b\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhanh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh trong ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd xem l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc: c\u00f3 hai thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ecb \u1ed1m, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c m\u1eebng sinh nh\u1eadt g\u1ed3m 20 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd d\u1eddi l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. V\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u00fd: ch\u00e9n s\u00fap m\u00fac ra qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ngu\u1ed9i, thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t cho m\u00f3n chim c\u00fat, m\u00f3n c\u00e1 qu\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4... V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Adams ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00edch th\u00e2n c\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ebfp ph\u00f3 s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i m\u00f3n \u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mang ra cho kh\u00e1ch. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eedi, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00eca s\u1ea1ch. L\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i nh\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 5% s\u1ed1 m\u00f3n b\u01b0ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em tr\u1edf v\u00e0o. B\u1ebfp ph\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u00f3n chi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201cM\u00f3n m\u1ef1c \u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n chi\u00ean th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u1eefa\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cChi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u v\u00e0ng\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i th\u1eed v\u00e0i m\u00f3n - tr\u00e1i \u00f4-liu chi\u00ean gi\u00f2n, con trai n\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u00f3n ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a rau tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u mua t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i trong v\u00f9ng. T\u00f4i d\u00f9ng th\u00eam m\u00f3n t\u00f4m h\u00f9m. Ngon kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i. T\u00f4i r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u1ee5ng no c\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ee9 suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e3i. Ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch. C\u1ea3 \u1edf ng\u00e0nh y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u1eefa.","CH\u01af\u01a0NG 5 CU\u1ed8C TH\u1eec NGHI\u1ec6M \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN u\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2006, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Geneva c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u1ecdng Anh. B\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 WHO \u0111ang c\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ca t\u1eed vong sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. - Um, th\u1ebf ch\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u2013 T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi. - Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp. - B\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u WHO s\u1ebd chi bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. - \u1ed2, ch\u1eb3ng bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u00e2u. T\u00f4i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ngay. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i \u0111ang r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n g\u00ec. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i: - \u1ed2, xin l\u1ed7i. T\u00f4i c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. H\u00f3a ra t\u00f4i nh\u1ea7m. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho WHO l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb 193 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. L\u00fac xem c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, nh\u00f3m t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a WHO l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: s\u1ed1 ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhanh. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng 230 tri\u1ec7u ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 25 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng qua m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ebb sinh ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong cao h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 l\u1ea7n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1 cao, \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eebng t\u1eeb 3% \u0111\u1ebfn 17%. D\u00f9 cho v\u1ebft m\u1ed5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3y tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, lao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nan y kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao WHO \u2013 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5","ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng h\u01a1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0, g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n khoa, d\u1ecb t\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u1ebb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb s\u1ecfi th\u1eadn hay s\u1ecfi m\u1eadt v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t v\u1ecb ru\u1ed9t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng hai t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y? \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t \u1edf tr\u1ebb em ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Khi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a WHO \u0111i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f3. T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi h\u01a1n 2.500 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb sinh thi\u1ebft n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n chi, g\u1eafn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nh\u1ecbp tim \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebft l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, t\u1eeb th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ru\u1ed9t th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p gan - b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap WHO t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy h\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u1ee3 tim ph\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00edch g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m 2007, t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a WHO \u1edf Geneva, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hai ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1eddi b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Canada v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. Tham d\u1ef1 bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf - H\u1ed9i Ch\u1eef th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecf, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111au y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb Somalia \u0111\u1ebfn Indonesia. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Zambia c\u00f3 c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft ng\u1ea1t do thi\u1ebfu oxy trong l\u00fac ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tham gia ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e0ng l\u00fac t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng lo l\u1eafng: L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf tr\u1ea1c tu\u1ed5i 40 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ghana, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y ca-cao v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng, k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nghe v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n y t\u1ebf \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n qu\u1eadn n\u01a1i anh ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3, anh n\u00f3i th\u1ebf. Ghana \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u201cch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m\u201d khi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Anh k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf - l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111a khoa ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u sau hai ng\u00e0y \u0111au \u0111\u1ebb, hay s\u1ed1t v\u00ec vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t th\u1eeba, ho\u1eb7c suy ph\u1ed5i sau v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n xe m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.","Anh n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1c anh c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. T\u00f4i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 nhi, b\u00e1c s\u0129 khoa s\u1ea3n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt\u201d. Anh c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea9m nang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y t\u00e1 gi\u00fap anh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft qua v\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y m\u00ea c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng anh v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c. B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng, anh b\u1ea3o v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u00ean ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 anh k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nghe nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nguy hi\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i to\u00e0n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n; c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 trong t\u1ee7 hay b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c n\u00ean khi c\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ch\u00fang\u2026 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au. R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi New Zealand ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong cao kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o v\u00ec g\u00e2y m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec g\u00e2y m\u00ea to\u00e0n th\u00e2n \u00edt h\u01a1n 1\/5.000, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cao g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n, theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Togo th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1\/150. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 xen v\u00e0o. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e9t v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Sinh vi\u00ean y khoa nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng theo chuy\u00ean khoa g\u00e2y m\u00ea. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ca m\u1ed5 \u2013 g\u00e2y m\u00ea \u2013 l\u1ea1i do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tay ngang ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t y t\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ireland tham gia cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. C\u00f4 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1eb3ng ai xem h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00ea k\u00edp, c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd d\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y n\u1ecd. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f4 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n chung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 y t\u00e1. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p \u2013 t\u1eeb 5% \u0111\u1ebfn 15%. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. V\u00ec suy cho c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang \u1edf M\u1ef9, c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ca bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00e0","c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1eabn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u2013 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1edfng theo hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cam k\u1ebft ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111au tim; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tuy r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 2% \u0111\u1ebfn 4%. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00e1ch quan, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u kinh ph\u00ed, m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi. \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n trong gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a WHO. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u1ea5y s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u1eabn nhau trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cHi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneva v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cHi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Helsinki nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tai bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua c\u00e1c s\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i m\u1edd c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao v\u00fat n\u01a1i WHO \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi ng\u1edd k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3. Xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m, b\u0103ng qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i t\u1eaft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e3y k\u1ec7, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e0y ch\u1eebng 200 trang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV\/AIDS, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i k\u00edn cho \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ee5i. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc k\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u1ede c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan, Congo, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u00dac, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a WHO v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00e0 \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh v\u1eady. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ngu ng\u1ed1c. D\u00f9 sao, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u1eed t\u00ecm xem. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf WHO v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh - \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng","h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979, hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 John Snow trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 \u1edf London v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1854 l\u00e0 do ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ecbch b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 London v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong ba ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y trong ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n. Tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng Snow kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1eady. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng quanh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Soho\u2019s Broad. \u00d4ng h\u1ecfi gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nghi ng\u1edd. Sau c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea3. (Sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9). \u00d4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf tay b\u01a1m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 phong t\u1ecfa ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u2013 ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin, th\u00e1o tay b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng lan truy\u1ec1n \u2013 trong kinh doanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ct\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u201d, c\u00f2n Archimedes g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u2013 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n \u2013 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00e1 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh M\u1ef9 (CDC) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c HOPE \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u1edf Pakistan, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebft y\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng trong khu \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Karachi (Pakistan). C\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang xung quanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chen ch\u00fac trong c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. R\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ea1n ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn cho 30% \u0111\u1ebfn 40% tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n. C\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do m\u1eafc ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y hay nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh. C\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, n\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. N\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan li\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c cho c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Gi\u00e1 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u00e9o nhau l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m","khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00eam \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Stephen Luby sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Omaha, Nebraska. Cha anh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa ph\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Creighton. Anh h\u1ecdc khoa y t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Texas Southwestern, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang South Carolina. Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u1edf Pakistan, anh li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 ngay. Anh c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn Karachi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi Stephen Luby v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Anh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u1edf Omaha, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u1eefa m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu\u201d. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, anh s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00f4i. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a anh nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng. Luby \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Procter & Gamble r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Safeguard. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0, m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u l\u1eabn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, anh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ty P&G t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng Safeguard \u2013 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n triclocarban. H\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a HOPE t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ebfn 25 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c khu \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t \u1edf Karachi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng trong s\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: t\u1eafm s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, r\u1eeda tay sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh, v\u1ec7 sinh cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0103n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00fat \u0103n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u1edf 25 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 11 v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng. N\u0103m 2005, tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed y khoa Lancet, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Luby \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 3,3 b\u00e1nh x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y \u1edf tr\u1ebb em \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3m 52% so v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng hay di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m 48%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ed1c l\u1edf gi\u1ea3m 35%. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eafm gi\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Procter & Gamble l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o khi b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o b\u00e1nh x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng. X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y, theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Archimedes.","Anh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u00e1nh x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng Safeguard. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u2013 b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin in tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1edd r\u01a1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 s\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Khi xem k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c: tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 b\u00e1nh x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hai b\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng r\u1ed3i. V\u1eady nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Luby n\u00f3i, th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 mua x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng r\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. M\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00ec l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u00e0y\u201d. Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Luby v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n r\u1eeda tay \u1edf Pakistan, Bangladesh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Nam \u00c1. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1eeda tay sau khi \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh. Cho d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u00e1 xa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 r\u1eeda tay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda tay sau h\u01a1n 80% s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh - m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 cao. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd r\u1eeda tay kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eeda r\u1ea5t nhanh. Ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 r\u1eeda qua loa. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u201cr\u1eeda tay\u201d b\u1eb1ng tro v\u00e0 b\u00f9n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch tay \u2013 t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hai b\u00e0n tay, \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1t x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1eadt k\u1ef9, r\u1ed3i r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u201clau tay v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o cho kh\u00f4\u201d, tuy \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eafm. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda tay v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a quen. Luby gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda tay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng hay \u0111\u00fat \u0103n cho tr\u1ebb\u201d. X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u201cc\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d, th\u01a1m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecdt h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng mua. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00edch d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n. \u201cC\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u2013 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u00edt t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng lan truy\u1ec1n? T\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu \u1edf quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc \u1edf t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3","n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u1edf Geneva, v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Nhi Columbus - n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. V\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ng sinh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 60 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc ca m\u1ed5. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 khi ti\u00eam th\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 30 gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed5, th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1ed1c ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi con dao \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn da b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 2005, B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Nhi Columbus \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ru\u1ed9t th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady sao? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ng\u00e0nh y cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd r\u1ed1i tung l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u00ea cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n sao cho th\u1eadt an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n khi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i \u0111ang s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1i b\u00e0n l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3ng trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c, c\u01a1n hen l\u00e0m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u\u2026 V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u ra v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean - ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tim tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng - quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c \u201cNh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed5\u201d r\u1ed3i d\u00e1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng \u1edf m\u1ed7i ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. Tr\u00f4ng n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4 d\u00e0nh cho y t\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u sau khi h\u1ecd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u1edbi \u00ea k\u00edp r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n (c\u00f2n v\u00e0i l\u01b0u \u00fd kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3). T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3","thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nan gi\u1ea3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00e1c y t\u00e1, b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ed5. C\u00e1i h\u1ed9p d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t gang tay, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t con dao m\u1ed5, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y con dao khi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ca m\u1ed5. Thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf y t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed5. V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ca m\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi y t\u00e1 ra hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4n ngoan! S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c xem l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Sau ba th\u00e1ng, 89% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ru\u1ed9t th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00e0 sau m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean 100%. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i quen ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed5, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u1ed3 nghi. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1edd danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tin r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai s\u00f3t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng Richard Reznick, tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Toronto, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra bao g\u1ed3m 21 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00e1u, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n cho ca m\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f2ng khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026 Danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ca m\u1ed5, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ca m\u1ed5 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u, c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e1u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u, li\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng, t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp c\u00f2n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng\u2026 B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Reznick ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eb1m x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00f3a ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Reznick. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y t\u00ean Martin Makary l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Johns Hopkins cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem danh m\u1ee5c g\u1ed3m 18 b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 11 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c","trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Southern California trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Kaiser \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t \u201cdanh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed5\u201d g\u1ed3m 30 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u theo m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, trong m\u1ed7i ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n b\u1ed1n nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n: nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u, g\u00e2y m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed5 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ra r\u1ed3i may v\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ea5u \u2013 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7m trong d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201cnh\u00e0 h\u00e1t\u201d khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ca m\u1ed5. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n, r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00ea k\u00edp. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt \u00e1i ng\u1ea1i khi ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ca m\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 300 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9, c\u1ee9 t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ca m\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Brian Sexton, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Johns Hopkins, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5. \u00d4ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u01a1n 1.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng tham gia ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 M\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c, Israel, \u00dd v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 64% b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ed1t, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 39% b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea, 28% y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 10% b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i n\u00f3ng, vung con dao m\u1ed5 l\u00e0m ai n\u1ea5y khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t","h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 - k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f9ng nhau b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ca m\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e1p chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng hay x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u00e9t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong ng\u00e0nh y, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra trong ch\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 c\u00f3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5, y t\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5, y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea... M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra sai s\u00f3t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i may m\u1eafn l\u1eafm m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00ea k\u00edp ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5 kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u00f9 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n 80 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed5 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tim v\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, \u00f4ng b\u1ed7ng \u0111au b\u1ee5ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, c\u01a1n \u0111au \u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111a khoa g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m cho \u00f4ng. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c v\u00ec c\u01a1n \u0111au h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1. Nh\u1ecbp tim tr\u00ean 100 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Huy\u1ebft \u00e1p gi\u1ea3m. Khi t\u00f4i ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean b\u1ee5ng, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1eadt n\u1ea3y l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Tr\u00f4ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ecf v\u1ebb s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, d\u00f9 \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n. Nghi\u1ebfn ch\u1eb7t hai h\u00e0m r\u0103ng, \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y?\u201d. T\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb ngh\u1ebdn. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ru\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf n\u00e3o. V\u00ec m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t n\u00ean ru\u1ed9t b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t v\u1ecb. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd qua kh\u1ecfi. M\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng lo. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1edf m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00ean c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u \u00f4ng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ca m\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con trai \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. T\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. C\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ngay ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tham gia ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng sau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft tay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n","c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Jay, y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0m. Steve, y t\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 mang g\u0103ng tay, \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1edd s\u1eb5n v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng. Zhi, b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2u n\u0103m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Thor, tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u1eeba chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, v\u1eeba c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ed9i \u00fd nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Joaquim, b\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, c\u1ea7m c\u00e1i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u, ch\u1edd b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ng\u1ee7 thi\u1ebfp \u0111i s\u1ebd g\u1eafn c\u00e1i \u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0ng quang. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 k\u00eau t\u00edch t\u1eafc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00eam, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. Ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng \u00ea k\u00edp n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3. H\u1ecd thao t\u00e1c nhanh nh\u1eb9n, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ca m\u1ed5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh to l\u1edbn, c\u1ed5 ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u00edt kh\u00ed d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef trong ph\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho Zhi khi \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng th\u1edf chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh g\u00e2y m\u00ea. Nh\u01b0ng Zhi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, l\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Thor c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn. Khi m\u1edf khoang b\u1ee5ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, Joaquim v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t k\u1ebft b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en \u2013 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t v\u1ecb. Ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9t k\u1ebft v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t non d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn \u1ed5n. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t k\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1ng ra ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c v\u00e0i m\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u t\u00edm nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfc c\u00fac \u00e1o. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u l\u00e0m ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t k\u1ebft b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ebdn c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ru\u1ed9t k\u1ebft, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t, v\u00e0 g\u1eafn h\u1eadu m\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u2013 t\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft - cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Steve, \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Jay l\u1ea5y k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u1ebft m\u1ed5 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Joaquim thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c t\u00f4i c\u1eaft v\u1ebft m\u1ed5 v\u00f9ng b\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 anh c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1eb9p, c\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u1eaft khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u0111ang bao l\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n ru\u1ed9t b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed l\u00e0m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u. Nh\u01b0ng Zhi c\u00f9ng Thor ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 khi ca m\u1ed5 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn khu ICU, Zhi cho bi\u1ebft anh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean s\u0103n s\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ca b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y hai gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ca m\u1ed5. Th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra vi\u1ec7n sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n khen ng\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn vinh d\u1ef1 \u1ea5y cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Ca m\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c.","T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn - m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong ca m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Zhi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng Jay hay Steve. V\u1edbi Joaquim c\u00f2n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thor m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f9ng nhau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ca m\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 42 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 1.000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn y t\u00e1 m\u1edbi, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia v\u00e0o \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00ea k\u00edp, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0103n \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb! C\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o may m\u1eafn th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Toronto, B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Johns Hopkins v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kaiser \u0111\u01b0a ra. H\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i ca m\u1ed5 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i \u00fd nh\u00f3m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t trong danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a Johns Hopkins. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ca m\u1ed5, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c danh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0o \u00f4 ki\u1ec3m tra: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 Atul Gawande, b\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu ch\u00ednh\u201d, \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 Jay Powers, y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n\u201d, hay \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 Zhi Xiong, b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i c\u1ee9 th\u1ea5y s\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ch\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi nh\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00ean nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Brian Sexton, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Johns Hopkins, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 v\u1eeba tr\u1edf ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd hai c\u00e2u: h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 giao ti\u1ebfp trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ean nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 giao ti\u1ebfp t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ea1i Johns Hopkins v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi y t\u00e1 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ca m\u1ed5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 n\u00eau gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0","nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t\u201d: C\u00f3 v\u1ebb khi t\u1ea1o cho ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n tham gia, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n \u00fd mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Ngo\u00e0i kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m nguy hi\u1ec3m cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea1i ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp \u0111\u00e3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed7i danh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u1ede B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Johns Hopkins, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p. C\u00f3 11 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, hai b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 hai b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ea7n kinh. Sau ba th\u00e1ng, s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00e0y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u00ea k\u00edp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ed1t\u201d nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt t\u1eeb 68% l\u00ean 92%. C\u00f2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kaiser \u1edf ti\u1ec3u bang South California, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi 3.500 ca m\u1ed5. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u00ea k\u00edp t\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cr\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t\u201d. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u0103ng 19%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 23% xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 7%. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f2n gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i na n\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed5 gi\u00fap \u00ea k\u00edp nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc l\u1ecd nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a potassium chloride b\u1ecb thay b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ecd kh\u00e1ng sinh \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sai s\u00f3t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n khi l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1ed5 l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c v\u1edbi v\u1ebft m\u1ed5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau, trong khi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft r\u1ea1ch ch\u1eebng 0,6 cm. \u1ede Toronto, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 quan s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong 18 ca m\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi ca \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. C\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n; trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c - kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00e1u cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hay ch\u01b0a; v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ca xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ca m\u1ed5 khoang b\u1ee5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y t\u00ea t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ca nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n b\u00e1o cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 bi\u1ebft khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111au ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c t\u00ea \u0111ang m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 sung. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng tay. Th\u00f4ng","th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1nh tay v\u00e0 b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, t\u1ea5m ph\u1ee7 v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng hay v\u00f9ng m\u1ed5. Trong ca m\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 \u1eaft s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng \u00ea k\u00edp kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111eo g\u0103ng tay r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n b\u00e0n m\u1ed5. V\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00ean thay v\u00ec c\u1ea7m ngay con dao m\u1ed5, \u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i \u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Toronto \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m theo b\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. - C\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y t\u00ea kh\u00f4ng? - B\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt h\u1ecfi. - Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn ng\u00f4n. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i. - Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a anh ta. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u00f3i sau m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng suy ngh\u0129. - T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 anh ta ra hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng tay. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. - V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u1edbi d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c \u1edf tay cho anh ta. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00ea k\u00edp n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng tay b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hu\u01a1 tay xung quanh. - T\u00f4i c\u00f2n lo r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp. - Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n \u0111i l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. - V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f9ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 WHO \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng do ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i Geneva, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kia, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi ba \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng\u201d l\u00e0 ba th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00ea k\u00edp ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra: tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u00e2y m\u00ea b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, sau khi g\u00e2y m\u00ea b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ca m\u1ed5, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chia th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u00f4 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u00e2y m\u00ea\u2026 cho ba th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. H\u1ecd b\u1ed5 sung b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft t\u00ean l\u1eabn nhau, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 WHO cam k\u1ebft h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chi ph\u00ed. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1c quan. L\u00fac tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Boston, t\u00f4i v\u1ed9i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ngay. T\u00f4i in danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 ra v\u00e0 \u0111em v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5,","r\u1ed3i k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Geneva. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o: \u201cCh\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1eed danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!\u201d - trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u00ea k\u00edp nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i v\u1edbi v\u1ebb nghi ng\u1edd nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m theo. \u201cC\u1ee9 th\u1eed l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh n\u00f3i xem sao\u201d. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn d\u1edf h\u01a1i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra cho Dee, c\u00f4 y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o c\u00f4 ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. 15 ph\u00fat sau, khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00e2y m\u00ea to\u00e0n th\u00e2n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi: - \u0110\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3, th\u1ebf c\u00f2n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00ec sao? - T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i. - Dee tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i xem t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u. \u00d4i, kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m tra. - C\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u! - Dee nh\u00fan vai. T\u00f4i xem l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00fang th\u1eadt. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. - D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u1ee9 th\u1eed th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111i. - T\u00f4i c\u1ed1 n\u00e0i n\u1ec9. Dee l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c trong danh s\u00e1ch. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a y t\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: C\u00f4 \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec, hay c\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng? Sau v\u00e0i ph\u00fat loay hoay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i c\u00e1u. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y lo l\u1eafng. - M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9? - B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n h\u1ecfi. - \u1ed2, v\u00e2ng. - T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p. - Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m tra danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i. Anh \u0111\u1eebng lo. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. Danh m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i. L\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed7i khi chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1eefa. Qu\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n tri\u1ec3n khai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa l\u00e0\u2026","CH\u01af\u01a0NG 6 T\u1ea6M S\u01af H\u1eccC \u0110\u1ea0O h\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau l\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y. C\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Daniel Boorman t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty Boeing \u1edf Seattle, Washington. T\u00f4i li\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho \u00f4ng. Boorman l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u phi c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 747-400 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau. \u00d4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf bu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cho chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay Dreamliner 787, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00e0nh cho phi c\u00f4ng, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctri\u1ebft l\u00fd bay\u201d c\u1ee7a Boeing. Khi b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay Boeing, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u1ea5y \u2013 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bay, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i thao t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng tay, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd x\u1eed l\u00fd khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Hi\u1ebfm ai c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n Dan Boorman. B\u1edfi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp phi c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom B-17 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ee5 r\u01a1i m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n su\u00fdt l\u00e0m r\u01a1i m\u00e1y bay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra. T\u00f4i s\u1eafp c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Seattle v\u00e0 Boorman \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ti\u1ebfp t\u00f4i. Tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Boeing nh\u00ecn c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n nh\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a m\u00e1y bay \u1edf ph\u00eda sau. Boorman ra c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3n t\u00f4i. \u00d4ng 51 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n t\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi kh\u00f4ng c\u00e0i n\u00fat c\u1ed5 - tr\u00f4ng \u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. \u00d4ng d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u0111i d\u1ecdc l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn C\u0103n nh\u00e0 3-800 tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1. V\u00e0o trong, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 nhu\u1ed1m v\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean phi c\u00f4ng trong b\u1ed9 trang ph\u1ee5c bay m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c","\u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1y bay l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u bu\u1ed3ng s\u01a1n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u x\u00e1m. Ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5. C\u00e1c ch\u1ed3ng s\u1ed5 tay h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng US Airways, Delta, United v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1ng s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng. Boorman l\u1ea5y cho t\u00f4i xem m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00e1y l\u00f2 xo, d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 200 trang, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e3n m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. \u1ede th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ebb ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y bay ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng, l\u00fac c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh hay h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e0y nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Boorman xem cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef to, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, in tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y. M\u1ed7i danh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u00fac bay. Nh\u1eefng trang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u201cth\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c phi c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng\u2026 Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong ba trang gi\u1ea5y. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d d\u00f9ng trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i: kh\u00f3i b\u1ed1c l\u00ean trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng, m\u00e1y v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y bay tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft phi c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong khi bay. Nh\u01b0ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ph\u00f2ng khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn. Boorman ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i xem m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u00c1NH C\u1eecA KHOANG H\u00c0NH L\u00dd b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng khi m\u00e1y bay \u0111ang bay. C\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang h\u00e0nh l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nguy hi\u1ec3m. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989 l\u00e0m r\u01a1i chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y Boeing 747 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng United Airlines ch\u1edf 337 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb Honolulu \u0111\u1ebfn Auckland, New Zealand. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ch\u1ed1t trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bay. M\u00e1y bay \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 6.000 m\u00e9t, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong khoang m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy cho h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda h\u00e9 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ecdt ra ngo\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e1y bay s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u1ed5, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ea1n m\u1edf lon n\u01b0\u1edbc ga b\u1ecb l\u1eafc v\u1eady. V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn bay t\u1eeb Honolulu g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u1ed5i tung c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng, mang theo v\u00e0i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u1edf khoang tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m d\u00e3y gh\u1ebf h\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia. Ch\u00edn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o d\u00e2y \u0111ai an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf l\u1ed1i \u0111i su\u00fdt n\u1eefa c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u00fat theo, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch nhanh tay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 ch\u00e2n c\u00f4 ta v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 b\u1ecb to\u00e1c ra v\u00e0i","centimet. Phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u2013 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1,5 gi\u00e2y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i tung v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n theo ch\u00edn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3ng Boeing sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, h\u1ecd cho l\u1eafp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eefa. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ra, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o C\u00c1NH C\u1eecA KHOANG H\u00c0NH L\u00dd s\u1ebd b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Boorman gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1t c\u1eeda b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ra, phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eeda qua loa hay ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e1y bay. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t trong khoang m\u00e1y bay c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n. C\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y bay l\u00e0 \u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u00fat kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o khoang m\u00e1y bay, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p trong kho\u1ea3ng 30 gi\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n l\u1eafm, b\u1edfi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tai s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t \u0111au. B\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, v\u00ec tai ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong m\u00e1y bay \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 6.000 m\u00e9t hay 9.000 m\u00e9t ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o th\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Everest - kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed qu\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 oxy cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u00e3o. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng United Airline \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang h\u00e0nh l\u00fd b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i tung l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y bay. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb k\u00e9o ra ngo\u00e0i m\u00e1y bay, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu oxy tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n. B\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 m\u00e9t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c kh\u00ed oxy th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9i bay lo s\u1ee3 cu\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed3ng. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00ed xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed oxy tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn bay \u1ea5y. M\u00e1y ghi \u00e2m trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ngay sau l\u00fac c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i tung: C\u01a0 TR\u01af\u1edeNG: Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec v\u1eady? C\u01a0 PH\u00d3: Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n b\u00e1o cho tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Hai gi\u00e2y sau, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed oxy trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.","C\u01a0 PH\u00d3: Dave, mang m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 v\u00e0o. C\u01a0 TR\u01af\u1edeNG: V\u00e2ng. C\u01a0 PH\u00d3: Trung T\u00e2m Continental One Heavy Honolulu, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c anh mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quay l\u1ea1i? \u0110\u00c0I V\u00d4 TUY\u1ebeN: Continental One Heavy x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. C\u01a0 PH\u00d3: Quay l\u1ea1i ngay. C\u01a0 TR\u01af\u1edeNG: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed oxy. K\u1ef8 S\u01af \u0110\u1ed8I BAY: C\u00e1c anh mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y? M\u1ed8T GI\u1eccNG N\u00d3I KH\u00d4NG X\u00c1C \u0110\u1ecaNH R\u00d5: C\u01a0 PH\u00d3: Anh \u1ed5n ch\u1ee9? C\u01a0 TR\u01af\u1edeNG: V\u00e2ng. C\u01a0 PH\u00d3: M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a anh c\u00f3 oxy kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxy. K\u1ef8 S\u01af \u0110\u1ed8I BAY: T\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eadt ph\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed oxy. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn m\u00e0 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00ed oxy. C\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng sau \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay Honolulu. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 328 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111ang khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e1i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 9.000 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n C\u00c1NH C\u1eecA KHOANG H\u00c0NH L\u00dd b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i tung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn hay, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat h\u1ea1 \u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed oxy \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edf. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Boorman n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 2.500 m\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t (b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Aspen, ti\u1ec3u bang Colorado, M\u1ef9). L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y bay \u2013 m\u1ee9c kh\u00ed oxy \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u1edf b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00e0 h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng United Airlines \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u2013 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i tung \u2013 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi C\u00c1NH C\u1eecA KHOANG H\u00c0NH L\u00dd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 Boorman nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Boeing \u2013 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 1.000 cu\u1ed1n, c\u1ea3 in m\u1edbi l\u1eabn ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc. Qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong nh\u00f3m ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a Boorman \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Boorman gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c do qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, kh\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen ng\u1ed3i b\u00e0n gi\u1ea5y v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ecd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh","ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra khi c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p lu\u00f4n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u1ecf ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u2013 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. V\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Boorman l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u1edb c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ra r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o C\u00c1NH C\u1eecA KHOANG H\u00c0NH L\u00dd b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean phi c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed9p l\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Suy cho c\u00f9ng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u00f3e l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3. Chuy\u1ebfn bay ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1eabn s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t ra. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu th\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1\/500.000 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ebfn bay g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady; v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ee9 hai, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i tin v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m theo danh m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb sai, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady. Khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111o\u1ea1n ghi \u00e2m trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng United Airlines t\u1eeb Honolulu cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i quy tr\u00ecnh khi x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c! T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 bay tung. Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd tim h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1eadp lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung. Ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxy \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edf, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1eddi ra t\u1eeb th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u00f2n l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 4. M\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. H\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 n\u00e0o n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng ngay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecfng, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho","tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1y bay xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao an to\u00e0n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao xa, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua, \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n hay quay l\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay Honolulu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi: Khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9i bay s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng hay theo quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed9p l\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u01a0 TR\u01af\u1edeNG: Anh mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i xem danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ea3? K\u1ef8 S\u01af \u0110\u1ed8I BAY: T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ed3i. Anh xem ngay nh\u00e9. C\u01a0 TR\u01af\u1edeNG: V\u00e2ng. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean - gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ng\u01b0ng hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p d\u00f9 c\u00e1nh b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, x\u1ea3 b\u1edbt nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i Honolulu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Boorman \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong ng\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Theo Boorman, khi l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra (tr\u1eeb phi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng hay \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c); v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c theo ki\u1ec3u TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N \u2013 X\u00c1C NH\u1eacN hay \u0110\u1eccC \u2013 TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, v\u1edbi danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N \u2013 X\u00c1C NH\u1eacN, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra theo danh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0110\u1eccC \u2013 TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ngay khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t. Danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn m\u1ee5c - \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng Boorman kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. - B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1eebng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, - \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. - \u0110\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 20 gi\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. Nh\u01b0ng sau kho\u1ea3ng 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 gi\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xao nh\u00e3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201c\u0111i t\u1eaft\u201d. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef cho danh m\u1ee5c th\u1eadt ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u201cnh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua.","T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh quen thu\u1ed9c. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i tr\u00ed danh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng - l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n trong m\u1ed9t trang gi\u1ea5y. Ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef in hoa l\u1eabn ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng cho d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. (\u00d4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 Helvetica ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y khi so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u1ea5y. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Boorman t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta suy t\u00ednh bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m danh m\u1ee5c \u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh r\u1ed3i th\u1eed l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi danh m\u1ee5c \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ng\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ch\u1ed1t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang h\u00e0nh l\u00fd trong l\u00fac bay r\u1ed3i xem th\u1eed phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bay th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Boorman \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i \u0111i xem. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f2n g\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 v\u1ebb vui m\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc sang c\u0103n nh\u00e0 k\u1ebf b\u00ean. \u0110i qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00f4ng c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00fai kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng b\u1edfi ba c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n tr\u1ee5 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111ang \u1edf ngang t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec \u201cm\u1ecdc\u201d l\u00ean t\u1eeb s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Boorman d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i chi\u1ebfc Boeing 777-200ER. \u00d4ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf b\u00ean tay tr\u00e1i, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf b\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i. \u00d4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00f4i c\u00e1ch th\u1eaft \u0111ai. K\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111en thui, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd b\u1eadt m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u00ean. - B\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2n bay n\u00e0o? - Boorman h\u1ecfi. - Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn s\u00e2n bay Seattle-Tacoma, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Th\u00fa v\u1ecb th\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed7 \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1edf h\u00e0nh l\u00fd ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y lui tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay kh\u00e1c \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch. Boorman c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong danh m\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00eda b\u00ean tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i khe \u0111\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed1n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed9p l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. C\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trung t\u00e2m. \u00d4ng thao t\u00e1c cho t\u00f4i","xem l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. - Oxy. - Boorman v\u1eeba n\u00f3i v\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 tay l\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh cho t\u00f4i xem ch\u1ed7 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed oxy. - \u0110\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra. 100%. - T\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i. - C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1. - \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i xem v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng bay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Trong l\u01b0\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n r\u00e0 so\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bay. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u00e1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhanh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa phi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 l\u00e1i v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c. Boorman c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i \u0111i qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Theo t\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00ec k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng 16L, \u201cbay theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y Nam v\u00e0 l\u00ean cao 6.000 m\u00e9t. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf. Boorman c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c trong l\u00fac c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eaft m\u00e1y n\u1ebfu m\u00e1y bay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00ean cao n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00f4i g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. - Anh c\u00f2n h\u1ecfi g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? - \u00d4ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi. - Kh\u00f4ng. Boorman b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe ti\u1ebfng ch\u00fang \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u1eadt l\u1edbn m\u1edbi nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00eam n\u0103m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1y bay, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u00e0o b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng. C\u1ea3 ba l\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian l\u1eafm \u2013 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eebng 30 gi\u00e2y m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u2013 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Boorman n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Boorman cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch. Tin hay kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 phi c\u00f4ng. Boorman h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00f4i c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p th\u1eafng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00e2n. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u01a1i x\u00f3c khi chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay l\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay tr\u00f2n. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i quay v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec m\u00e1y bay r\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, quay v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau th\u00ec s\u1ebd r\u1ebd tr\u00e1i. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ba c\u00e1i tay \u0111\u00f2n \u1edf b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trung t\u00e2m. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee9 l\u1eafc l\u01b0","nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 say r\u01b0\u1ee3u, nh\u01b0ng khi ra \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00f3. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3m ga h\u1ebft m\u1ee9c, d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a phanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. Boorman nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh\u201d. - C\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay. - \u00d4ng n\u00f3i. - \u0110\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t xong. - T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u1eeb th\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. T\u00f4i m\u1edf kh\u00f3a phanh. Boorman ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea9y tay \u0111\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn bao xa. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng, ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea7m ch\u1eadm, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec lao v\u00fat \u0111i. T\u00f4i nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef cho m\u00e1y bay \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, theo hi\u1ec7u l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Boorman, t\u00f4i k\u00e9o l\u00f9i v\u00f4 l\u0103ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bay v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111ang khu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u00ean cao 6.000 m\u00e9t. \u0110\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o C\u1eecA KHOANG H\u00c0NH L\u00dd b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng. T\u00f4i qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. V\u00e0i d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ch\u1ed9p ngay l\u1ea5y t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 danh m\u1ee5c. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0110\u1eccC \u2013 TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N \u2013 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y d\u00f2ng. Trang n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang h\u00e0nh l\u00fd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nguy c\u01a1 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ra. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong m\u00e1y bay. Th\u1eadt ra, danh m\u1ee5c ghi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh\u201d \u2013 Boorman ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i xem, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u2013 \u201cB\u1eacT L\u00caN v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 cao 3.000\u201d. T\u00f4i l\u00e0m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Ti\u1ebfp theo, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao 3.000 m\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00f4 l\u0103ng t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Boorman ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o. Sau v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 3.000 m\u00e9t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, theo danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf trong v\u00f2ng 30 gi\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y bay. T\u00f4i l\u00e0m theo. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 xong. M\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ed5. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eadp tay ch\u00fac m\u1eebng v\u1edbi Boorman. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay th\u1eadt d\u1ec5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1eafn t\u1eaft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cho \u0111o\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2n bay g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda khoang h\u00e0nh l\u00fd. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng Boorman \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. \u00d4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf s\u00f3t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eb3n","kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng hay \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nguy hi\u1ec3m, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111ang gi\u00fap c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i. Tai n\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2008. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 38 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng British Airways kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n London sau g\u1ea7n 11 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 bay, mang theo 152 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed3m h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n. Chi\u1ebfc Boeing 777 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o s\u00e2n bay Heathrow. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u01b0a. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c v\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1ecfng. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn h\u01a1n 10 km. Gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang. Chuy\u1ebfn bay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n y\u00ean \u1ed5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi \u0111ang c\u00e1ch s\u00e2n bay kho\u1ea3ng 3 km v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 200 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e1ng ra ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 bay l\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, phi c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 l\u00e1i \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c cho \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u0103ng ga bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 \u1ef3 ra. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay im l\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Phi c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111ang m\u1ea5t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 lao v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhanh. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng 150 t\u1ea5n r\u01a1i trong kh\u00f4ng trung. Sau n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi C\u01a1 quan \u0110i\u1ec1u tra Tai n\u1ea1n H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng (AAIB) qu\u1ed1c gia Anh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111ang r\u01a1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 7m\/gi\u00e2y. Khi c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 400 m\u00e9t, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111ang bay v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c 200 km\/gi\u1edd. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o may m\u1eafn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay l\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Su\u00fdt n\u1eefa l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e2m xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai quanh s\u00e2n bay Heathrow \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay lao xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u1ea5y \u0111ang ch\u1edf th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh, Gordon Brown, ra m\u00e1y bay chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1edd Daily Mirror c\u1ee7a London, vi\u00ean s\u0129 quan th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cM\u00e1y bay \u1edf ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0i m\u00e9t, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n khi ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m bay r\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p\u201d. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e2m xu\u1ed1ng b\u00e3i c\u1ecf khi v\u1eeba qua kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai, k\u00e8m theo \u201cm\u1ed9t","ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111inh tai\u201d, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. C\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y bay v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n. C\u00e0ng sau b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i g\u00e3y r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y b\u00e1y, hai b\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u0103ng ra, \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o th\u00e2n sau b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng khoang h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u1edf h\u00e0ng gh\u1ebf 29 v\u00e0 30. C\u00e0ng sau b\u00ean tr\u00e1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2m xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay. X\u0103ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n ra. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tia l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 tan t\u00e0nh sau c\u00fa va \u0111\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh y\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1ef1 \u2013 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 1 km v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c va \u0111\u1eadp. Ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb g\u00e3y ch\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 quan AAIB \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng sau v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd th\u00e1o h\u1ed9p \u0111en, g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, xem x\u00e9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed9i soi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ed7i hay s\u1ef1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng van v\u00e0 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. Trong th\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd sang ch\u00ednh ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u Jet A-1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay qua v\u00f2ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong l\u00fac bay v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tan ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd truy t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n? Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 - 29,40C. Khi m\u00e1y bay b\u0103ng qua d\u00e3y n\u00fai Ural v\u00e0 Scandinavia, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi - 40,60C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn bay qua v\u00f2ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u Jet A-1 l\u00e0 - 11,40C, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. M\u00e1y bay \u0111i theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh qua v\u00f2ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh bay qua B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2001, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n chuy\u1ebfn bay m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u1ee7a British Airways, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1eaft m\u00e1y khi m\u00e1y bay \u0111ang bay tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 London \u1ea5m \u00e1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e3y n\u00fai Ural. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1eabn nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh bay l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y n\u00ean tai n\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1i \u1ea9m, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt cho m\u1ed7i hai l\u00edt. Khi bay qua v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, h\u01a1i \u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf li ti n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t","nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong chuy\u1ebfn bay d\u00e0i qua B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c \u00eam \u1ea3 \u2013 nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u00e0y \u2013 d\u00f2ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u00f9ng x\u0103ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u00f2ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng \u0111ang l\u1eafng y\u00ean b\u1ecb tung l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00f9a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft ng\u1ea1t tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0: v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00ed oxy trong ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft trong l\u00fac ng\u1ee7. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghe th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1eed l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch phun tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn. G\u1ea7n t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng sau v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a phi c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u0103ng ga. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng phi c\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1 \u2013 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ngh\u0129 ra. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2008, C\u01a1 quan H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn bay qua B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m theo. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd tri\u1ec3n khai danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ebfm khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 - trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf, trong ng\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.","Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec sao? Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh hay m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. V\u1eady n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y, n\u1eb7ng tr\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd h\u01a1i kh\u00f3, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00edn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng v\u1eafc-xin ph\u1ebf c\u1ea7u khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p - m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 17 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi cho \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Theo c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u01b0 Dan Boorman nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng hay thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed. M\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp san d\u00e0y m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o trong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp san y h\u1ecdc - g\u1ea7n 700.000 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, khi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n tin \u2013 c\u0169ng d\u00e0y v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3n tin n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong ng\u00e0nh y \u2013 Boorman v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn bay qua v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 suy t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 cho t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng hay v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i danh m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. C\u00f4ng ty Boeing m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng hai tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd g\u1eedi danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc Boeing 777 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 Boeing \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft) l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh bay th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. (Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda t\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn cho khi c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o). Trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1edbi","trong tay ho\u1eb7c trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? V\u00ec v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2008, m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 su\u00fdt x\u1ea3y ra. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn bay ch\u1edf 247 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn Atlanta c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Delta Air Lines. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay Boeing 777 l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 10.000 m\u00e9t, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u00e1c Great, ti\u1ec3u bang Montana, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 2 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u201cb\u1ed7ng d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t\u201d \u2013 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c vi\u00ean b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ebdn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. V\u1eady l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u00e3ng Boeing \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 tai n\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hai, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Montana, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 phi c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. 247 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng. Chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u1eabn \u00eam \u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch kh\u1ed3ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng cho ng\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.","CH\u01af\u01a0NG 7 TH\u1eec NGHI\u1ec6M r\u1edf v\u1ec1 Boston, t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eb1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N-X\u00c1C NH\u1eacN, thay cho lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1eccC- TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong l\u00fac th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng. Qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra danh m\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3ng vai b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang ch\u1edd m\u1ed5. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tham gia v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau: b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5, c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 (m\u1ed9t y t\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n), v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ngay khi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ca m\u1ed5. Do v\u1eady, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. Trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u201cphi c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay\u201d l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. \u201cPhi c\u00f4ng \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y bay\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xao nh\u00e3ng v\u00ec \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecf qua danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u1eedi \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong ng\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c. V\u1eady c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xem v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ca m\u1ed5 di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. T\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n trong danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ba th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2013 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac g\u00e2y m\u00ea, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 sau khi r\u1eddi ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 60 gi\u00e2y cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n","\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c trong danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00e0i m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf \u0111i hay gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa hai ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u201cng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u201d. N\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, danh m\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 2007, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c WHO t\u1ea1i London \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o n\u00ean gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9ng huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u t\u1ee5 trong ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eam m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng m\u00e1u nh\u01b0 heparin, hay mang v\u1edb n\u00e9n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb m\u00e1u c\u1ee5c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb t\u1eed vong. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u2013 mang v\u1edb n\u00e9n hay ti\u00eam heparin \u2013 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 r\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u1eefa: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. V\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf ra kh\u1ecfi danh m\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u00e0n th\u00eam v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 - m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra. Trong ph\u00f2ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u00e1t ra tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1t\u2026 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n oxy n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y trong l\u00fac ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tai n\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Oxy nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u00e9n l\u1eeda, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m ph\u1ee7 v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y trong ph\u00f2ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed oxy r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ed3n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba r\u1ee7i ro cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u2013 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed van b\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed, chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. So v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u hay g\u00e2y m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm. \u1ede M\u1ef9, trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u ca m\u1ed5 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ca x\u1ea3y ra","h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y ra t\u1eed vong; trong khi c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 300.000 ca m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 8.000 ca t\u1eed vong do nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng sau m\u1ed5. V\u1eady th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho danh m\u1ee5c d\u00e0i th\u00eam ra, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi danh m\u1ee5c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc hay m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i hay b\u1ecf \u0111i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed5 sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh hay sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhanh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u2013 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trang tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ca m\u1ed5 - l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, do v\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Sau cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u1edf London, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf \u2013 m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Nh\u00f3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1edf London th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n danh m\u1ee5c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1edf Hong Kong. C\u1ee9 sau m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra do WHO ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ed3m ch\u00edn m\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac g\u00e2y m\u00ea. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n (hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ca m\u1ed5. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng oxy huy\u1ebft k\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong m\u00e1u, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. \u00ca k\u00edp c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, xem l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t khi g\u00e2y m\u00ea to\u00e0n th\u00e2n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00ea k\u00edp x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, m\u00e1u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 0,5 l\u00edt m\u00e1u. Sau khi g\u00e2y m\u00ea, \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00eam b\u1ea3y m\u1ee5c n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed5. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00ean v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. H\u1ecd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed5 (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd m\u1ed5 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hay b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n), x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ea7n ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd hay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u00eam. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m phim ch\u1ee5p X-quang c\u1ea7n cho ca m\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo l\u00ean. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t","v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ca m\u1ed5: b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt xem x\u00e9t ca m\u1ed5 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd; b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea xem l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y m\u00ea; c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ca m\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. K\u1ebft th\u00fac ca m\u1ed5, \u00ea k\u00edp c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng. Y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecdc to t\u00ean h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ca m\u1ed5, d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u00f4 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kim, g\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ca m\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfp theo kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin sau ca m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u00ea k\u00edp c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1eadu ph\u1eabu. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 19 b\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bao tr\u00f9m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Danh m\u1ee5c bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u00ea k\u00edp kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t (kh\u00e1ng sinh, d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, sai b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u1ee5c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 m\u1ed9t quy m\u00f4 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a WHO, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. H\u00e0ng t\u00e1 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n g\u1eedi th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tham gia ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh, b\u1edfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tham gia ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lui t\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Iraq. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tham gia th\u00ec h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u1eafm. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tham gia ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u2013 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u, ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ngay t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a WHO. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a WHO l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c chi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m thu th\u1eadp s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb h\u1ee5t \u0111i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng sai s\u00f3t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t khi danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao, th\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n \u00e1p","d\u1ee5ng. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u tham gia, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd t\u1ef1 thu x\u1ebfp chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tham gia ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. M\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho h\u1ecd. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Trung t\u00e2m Y t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington \u1edf Seattle (M\u1ef9), B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110a khoa Toronto (Canada), B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh Mary (Anh) v\u00e0 B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Aukland (New Zealand). B\u1ed1n b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0: B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110a khoa Philippines \u1edf Manila, l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba k\u1ec3; B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Hamza \u1edf Amman (Jordan) \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u1edf v\u00f9ng Jordan; B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh Stephen \u1edf New Delhi (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) - m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1; v\u00e0 B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh Francis \u1edf Ifakara (Tanzania) - b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec3n khai danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4-la m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Philippines v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Phi, kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Y t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington t\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4-la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m - nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ed5ng chi y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Tanzania. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u1edf t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb c\u1eaft tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng robot \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p gan, c\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u00edt nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au, gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ngay trong ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 ch\u1eefa ch\u1ee9ng sa ru\u1ed9t, sinh thi\u1ebft v\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tai \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y do nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng tai m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ca m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebb trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft trong l\u00fac sinh, hay c\u00e1c ca b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ca m\u1ed5 gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft ru\u1ed9t th\u1eeba, m\u1ed5 v\u00fa, \u0111\u1eb7t thanh n\u1eb9p v\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i b\u1ecb g\u00e3y\u2026 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u00e1i t\u00ean. \u1ede nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp c\u0169ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e3 v\u1eady, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u1ea5u: ru\u1ed9t th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t v\u1ecb, kh\u1ed1i ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 to g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, ch\u1ed7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i g\u00e3y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng\u2026","D\u00f9 sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi t\u00e1m c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn. Suy cho c\u00f9ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thu\u00ea c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eadu ph\u1eabu. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, \u0111au tim, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u\u2026 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, hay m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e1u, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Trong s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n 4.000 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 400 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eadu ph\u1eabu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0m 56 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 do sai s\u00f3t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u hay kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Nh\u00ecn chung, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb 6% \u0111\u1ebfn 21%. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ca m\u1ed5 d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt \u00edt h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ee7i ro. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5 m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u cao, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i theo d\u00f5i vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 s\u00e1u b\u01b0\u1edbc an to\u00e0n: ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng oxy huy\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ca m\u1ed5, g\u1eafn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng g\u1ea1c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ca m\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c phi c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1edf kh\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00e1y bay c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 quan nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t l\u00e0 6%, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 16 ca m\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n, c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc trong hai ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ca m\u1ed5. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ea7u m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 2008, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt d\u00e0i hai ph\u00fat g\u1ed3m 19 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea, y t\u00e1 v\u00e0","t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u1edf ch\u00ednh b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PowerPoint, v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n phim tr\u00ean YouTube, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n phim minh h\u1ecda \u201cC\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ca m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 y t\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sai s\u00f3t c\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. M\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0i m\u1ee5c n\u1eefa. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh h\u01a1n trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e2m ni\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n trong quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt theo nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u1ede Tanzania, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Dar es Salaam kho\u1ea3ng 300 km. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i, \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n xe. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m, l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c men v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u00ea cho b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u00fac c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean g\u00e2y m\u00ea, m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean g\u00e2y m\u00ea n\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng y khoa. Ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd cho m\u00e1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ea thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y t\u00ea c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng \u2013 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y t\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd. H\u1ecd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng c\u00e1c g\u0103ng tay ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng \u0111i d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea5y v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m g\u1ea1c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o gi\u1edd u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0, y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean g\u00e2y m\u00ea l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2y qu\u1ea7n quanh chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n g\u1ed7 c\u0169 k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n v\u1ea3i","cotton m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng r\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ebfng g\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Delhi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 t\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Tanzania hay nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 13 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i. B\u1ea3y b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 20.000 ca m\u1ed5 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf New Zealand ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn 92 b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n, danh s\u00e1ch b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1edd m\u1ed5 d\u00e0i d\u1eb1ng d\u1eb7c, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 14 ti\u1ebfng\u2026 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm khi nghe th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u1edf Delhi, \u00edt h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, m\u00e0 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh Mary \u1edf London, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n nh\u00e0 \u1edf Paddington, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1eafng t\u1eeb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928, Alexander Fleming \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra penicillin. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ban ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, Ng\u00e0i Darzi of Denham, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed William v\u00e0 Harry \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ee9a con trai b\u1ecb t\u00e0n t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, David Cameron, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb g\u00ec l\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng - v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Y t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Anh n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh ph\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. Quan s\u00e1t 16 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u00f4i t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Boston \u2013 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Nh\u01b0ng quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y m\u00ea b\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y m\u00ea \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o trong. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 y t\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng mang kh\u1ea9u trang - \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i mang kh\u1ea9u trang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n v\u1ebft m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u00e0 \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nghe r\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd n\u00f3i g\u00ec, cho d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Anh. \u1ede Jordan, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u1edf Amman tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 s\u01a1 s\u00e0i \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00ec kh\u00e1 c\u0169 \u2013 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 quen thu\u1ed9c cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 Iraqi.","Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf Baghdad v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi M\u1ef9 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Iraq v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c anh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Baghdad l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Saddam Hussein \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f3p ch\u1ebft n\u1ec1n y t\u1ebf Iraq. Anh n\u00f3i Jordan b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 anh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y may m\u1eafn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200.000 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Jordan \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, \u0111em l\u1ea1i thu nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4-la cho n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, khi ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng quan s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00f9m kh\u0103n che k\u00edn \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt - m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean tr\u1ebb g\u1ea7n 30 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho t\u00f4i trong d\u1ecbp gh\u00e9 th\u0103m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ra ngo\u00e0i xem phim c\u00f9ng nhau. Khi bi\u1ebft anh c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p (h\u1ecd quen nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai n\u0103m), t\u00f4i li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi anh l\u00e0 sau bao l\u00e2u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac quen nhau, anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00e1i t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y. - Ch\u01b0a l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. - Anh ch\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. - Th\u00f4i n\u00e0o. Ch\u01b0a l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o th\u1eadt sao? - Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd. Anh ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00f3c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u s\u1eabm. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eb9n h\u00f2 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n T\u00e2y h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao, th\u00ec t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u1ede c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nam, trong khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft y t\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u1eef. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nam n\u1eef trong nh\u00f3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea th\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n tr\u00f9m kh\u0103n k\u00edn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 trong danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u00fai m\u1eadt. B\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u1ed5 v\u00f4 \u00fd l\u00e0m b\u1ea9n g\u0103ng tay l\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n m\u1ed5. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4 y t\u00e1 th\u00ec c\u00f3. C\u00f4 li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2-r\u1eadp: - B\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4i g\u0103ng tay. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch cho t\u00f4i nghe. - T\u1ed1t m\u00e0. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. - Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eebng v\u1eady ch\u1ee9. - Y t\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1p r\u1ed3i bu\u1ed9c b\u00e1c s\u0129 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i g\u0103ng tay m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi \u0111ang \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ca m\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f9ng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i,","t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng anh ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong tay b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 anh ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thao t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f4i khi, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0i tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c, nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. \u1ede Manila, b\u1ed1n ca m\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y t\u00e1, v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Canada \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng y t\u00e1 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean y khoa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 ra hi\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean g\u00e2y m\u00ea b\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. \u1ede Anh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp thu. Cho d\u00f9 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quen th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp v\u1eabn qu\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong danh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. C\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 danh m\u1ee5c b\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng quen l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n y t\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0a ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ca m\u1ed5. Trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec im l\u1eb7ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u1ee7 r\u0169, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i th\u00edch tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp ngay v\u00e0o \u00ea k\u00edp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau xung quanh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. T\u1eeb Delhi \u0111\u1ebfn Seattle, c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf ra tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m theo. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00e1i danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian\u201d. \u1ede m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3. Khi b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi tham gia. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Suy cho c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea bai n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang - danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. D\u00f9 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m danh m\u1ee5c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1edd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t","th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, kho\u1ea3ng ba th\u00e1ng sau khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i b\u0103n kho\u0103n li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n lo l\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh m\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf hay nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean ch\u00fat n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i g\u1ed3m 19 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u1eadt ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nghe theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u1ebd\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u1ede London, trong m\u1ed9t ca thay \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i do m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch (\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t), danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00ea k\u00edp nh\u1eadn ra ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed5 \u2013 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng - r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang k\u00edch c\u1ee1 v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee1 m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n. V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00ea k\u00edp ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Theo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng sinh trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1edd ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong kh\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u00e1ng sinh b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed5. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh. \u1ede Seattle, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. - Nh\u01b0ng danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng? - T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4. - Kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. - C\u00f4 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh, v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. Nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t sinh r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u hay tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. - Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eady. - B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i th\u00eam hy v\u1ecdng.","T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2008. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t - Alex Haynes \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng tham gia t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u; c\u00f2n Tom Weiser \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a WHO v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. William Berry, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tim \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u do hai c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, c\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i. - Anh ph\u1ea3i xem c\u00e1i n\u00e0y. - Alex n\u00f3i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t x\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y in c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng xem c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y sau khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u1edf t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 36%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong gi\u1ea3m 47%. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y b\u1ecf xa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e1m m\u01a1. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3m g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. S\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 sau ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00ec m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u hay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec trung b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 4.000 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 435 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u1eb7ng. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 277 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u h\u01a1n 150 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi nguy hi\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 27 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd nh\u1ea3y c\u1eabng l\u00ean v\u00ec vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t d\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh lang m\u00e0 h\u00e9t l\u00ean: \u201cTh\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i! Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i!\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng lo l\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i l\u1ee5c l\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 xem c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m g\u1eb7p \u00edt c\u00e1c ca c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ca m\u1ed5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n. Alex ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ee3t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ca c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1 ca m\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c \u2013 s\u1ea3n, l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c, x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp, khoang b\u1ee5ng \u2013 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Trong kho\u1ea3ng 20% c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ngay t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i xem ca m\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean, c\u00f2n ca n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. Alex ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn","v\u1eady, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ca m\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00e9m? Kh\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eadu ph\u1eabu \u1edf b\u1ed1n b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1edf b\u1ed1n b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u2013 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i xem l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t. \u1ede n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ca bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng. Trong s\u1ed1 t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u1edbi hai con s\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2009, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed New England Journal of Medicine c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, tuy tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eedi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tham gia. C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf bang Washington bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Seattle v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1eed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. H\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, h\u00e3ng Boeing v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n bang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede Anh, khi Lord Darzi, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Liam Donaldson, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho WHO, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean, h\u1ecd li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian (\u1edf v\u00e0i n\u01a1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf th\u1eadt. \u1ede t\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam kh\u00e1ng sinh nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng oxy huy\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c ca m\u1ed5, hay \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5. Qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u00ea k\u00edp b\u01b0\u1edbc ra t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 giao ti\u1ebfp trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ca m\u1ed5 \u2013 khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Sau ba th\u00e1ng, h\u01a1n 250 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u00e2y m\u00ea, y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Ban","\u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf ra nghi ng\u1edd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, kho\u1ea3ng 80% cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u0103ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 78% nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf tu\u00e2n theo danh m\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. V\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi ng\u1edd - c\u00f3 20% c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u1eabu thu\u00e2t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u1eefa: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ca m\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n \u00ea k\u00edp m\u1ed5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. 93% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3.","CH\u01af\u01a0NG 8 NG\u01af\u1edcI H\u00d9NG C\u1ee6A TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I DANH M\u1ee4C KI\u1ec2M TRA h\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang trong ng\u00e0nh y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ed7i hay sai s\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u01b0a r\u00f5. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o om s\u00f2m tr\u00ean ti-vi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng s\u1ebd ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0103n tr\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 nghe gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh s\u1ebd nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y khoa th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt h\u00f2 h\u00e9t \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb cho ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u1eed, hay th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n mua ngay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c robot ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 22 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa, tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 1,7 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la khi\u1ebfn ai c\u0169ng th\u00e8m thu\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed5 n\u1ed9i soi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c robot n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao, nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ed5 n\u1ed9i soi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ca m\u1ed5. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 chi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4-la \u0111\u1ec3 trang b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00ec sao? \u00c0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u01a1 v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Sau khi WHO c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m \u00dac, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ph\u00e1p, Ireland, Jordan, New Zealand, Philippines, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc theo d\u00f5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 - m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u1ede M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf 20 bang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2009, kho\u1ea3ng 10% c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2.000 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong","c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra - r\u1ee7i thay l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt cho l\u1eafm. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0u b\u00e0u v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch gay g\u1eaft. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ca m\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai m\u00e0 d\u00e1m b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ebf n\u1ecd? Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u1eady chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng vui v\u1ebb? \u1ed2, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u1eady th\u00f4i, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00f4 tr\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e0i hai ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a WHO ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt - v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt thay kh\u1edbp h\u00e1ng, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y, ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1ea5y. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ca tim ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp m\u00e0 anh b\u1ea1n John c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, khi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng potassium qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 sai s\u00f3t nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111au tim, \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, suy th\u1eadn hay ch\u1ee9ng co gi\u1eadt. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00edt nguy k\u1ecbch h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n khi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n than phi\u1ec1n \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ee9c ng\u1ef1c, hay khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5c u nh\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u1ed5i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nguy hi\u1ec3m, r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 y t\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng nghe v\u1eady (kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, \u1ed1ng nghe ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n). C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0nh y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1n The Right Stuff (C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang) c\u1ee7a Tom Wolfe xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1979 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. C\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 c\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t","ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt t\u1eadp trung, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, nhanh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro trong l\u00fac bay \u2013 l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u0169ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong ng\u00e0nh y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u, s\u0103n s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng ngh\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta mong ch\u1edd \u0111ang \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y khoa - khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang. Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 nhanh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh y v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong ng\u00e0nh y. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n ra r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Mohnish Pabrai - h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c C\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 Pabrai \u1edf Irvine, California, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh y v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn: Pabrai \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 500 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la; Guy Spier l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd V\u1ed1n Aquamarine - m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 70 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la \u1edf Zurich, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 t\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 qu\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4-la. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u201d \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 chuy\u00ean mua c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 mua b\u00e1n kh\u1ea3 quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd nh\u1eafm mua l\u1ea1i Coca-Cola tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra h\u00e3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u l\u1edbn. Pabrai m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong 15 n\u0103m qua, m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Brazil \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp san ng\u00e0nh m\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 con m\u1eaft tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kinh doanh s\u1eafp b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.","\u00d4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng sau khi ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0\u1edbt qua, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea1t \u0111i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh l\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4- la n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean tham lam, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. Guy Spier g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ma t\u00fay tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n. Theo Pabrai th\u00ec khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi hay lo ng\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u1edb. H\u1ecd mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro, ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, xem x\u00e9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1eabn bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n. Th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 Warren Buffett - m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi b\u1ecb thua l\u1ed7 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2008. Pabrai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng v\u1ee5 mua b\u00e1n m\u00e0 Buffett v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty Berkshire Hathaway \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 t\u1edbi 650.000 \u0111\u00f4-la t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n tr\u01b0a c\u00f9ng Buffett. - Sau b\u1eefa \u0103n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 650.000 \u0111\u00f4-la \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. - Pabrai n\u00f3i. - Warren \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u2018danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra\u2019 khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Pabrai \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ef9. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u00d4ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0i sai l\u1ea7m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh l\u1eddi khi quay l\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1. R\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 thua l\u1ed7 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t khi \u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sai c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan hay m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ng\u1eabm l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay: Bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111i vay, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n r\u1ee3 r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e3m \u201ctr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i","nghi\u1ec7n\u201d. Pabrai 45 tu\u1ed5i, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Clemson ti\u1ec3u bang South Carolina, ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf Chicago v\u00e0 California. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u00ec l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng. \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee9 \u0111eo b\u00e1m khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. - Khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang l\u00ean, b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, trong khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111ang lao d\u1ed1c, b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quanh b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t run. \u2013 \u00d4ng n\u00f3i v\u1eady. \u00d4ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e3o b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o: - T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Warren, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 IQ 300. T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 IQ b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u00ecn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Buffett c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u01b0ng Pabrai \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y Buffett v\u1eabn l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng. Pabrai \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Warren kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Pabrai so\u1ea1n ra m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Buffett v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i. \u00d4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u2013 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 70 m\u1ee5c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Berkshire Hathaway trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty chuy\u00ean cho thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t Cort h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2000. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Cort t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Charles Munger, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Buffett, tin r\u1eb1ng Cort \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh thi\u1ebfu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thu g\u1ecdn quy m\u00f4. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u00ea v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 mua, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 thu\u00ea l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t. Munger l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Cort l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh doanh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u2026 V\u1eady n\u00ean Munger quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua Cort. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai. V\u00ec Munger \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp trong ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c"]
Search
Read the Text Version
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
