Flipbook Josh James 3B
Table of Contents Integumentary System (3-5) Musculoskeletal System (6-8) 2
Integumentary System Key Terms derm/o - skin kerat/o - hard, horn-shaped tissue xer/o - dry xanth/o - yellow erythr/o - red pedicu/o - fingernail, toenail onych/o - nail myc/o - fungus pil/o - hair; hair follicle lip/o - fat rhytid/o - sebum which secretes oil albin/o - white Function The integumentary system has four main functions. Protection, body temperature maintenance, exertion, and perception of stimuli. Protection: Physical barrier of underlying tissues to protect from physical damage, ultraviolet rays, and pathogenic invasion. Body Temperature Maintenance: Perspiration regulates the body’s natural temperature 3
Integumentary System Exertion: Sweat glands also release waste products, containing, water, salt and organic compounds Perception of stimuli: Contains a large quantity of nerve endings that detect stimuli. There are also tactile receptors that are responsible for touch. Vocabulary Albinism - Inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands that produce pimples on the skin Cicatrix - A scar left by a healed wound (lightened area on the skin). Ecchymosis - Black-and-blue or purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin Keloid - An abnormally raised, thickened scar. Cyst - A closed, thick-walled sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material that develops in a cavity or other structures in the body Macule - Small, flat, discolored, lesion on the skin (freckle) Papule - A solid skin elevation with distinct borders and a diameter less than one centimeter (pimple) Psoriasis - Chronic disease marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silver patches Vitiligo - Loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin, creating the appearance of milky-white patches Scabies - Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus or itching 4
Integumentary System Diseases / Disorders Impetigo - Bacterial infection of the skin characterized by vesicles (small, fluid-filled sacs), pustules (small, pus-filled blisters), and crusted-over lesions . Gangrene - Necrosis or death of tissue, due to loss of blood supply, followed by a bacterial infection. Alopecia - Hair loss that results from genetics, normal aging, illness, or drugs used to treat certain diseases. Cyanosis - Appearance of blue/purple discoloration of the skin due to insufficient blood oxygen or poor circulation. Many respiratory and circulatory diseases produce cyanosis. Health Careers Primary Care Physician (PCP) - A physician that gives the first contact of a person with an undiagnosed health concern. Also, treats various medical conditions no matter the cause. Dermatologists - Medical practitioner ready to diagnose and treat the multitude of skin disorders that may happen. Labeled System 5
Musculoskeletal System Key Terms my/o - muscle myel/o - bone marrow; spinal cord oste/o - bone cost/o - rib crani/o - skull -pexy - surgical fixation or suspension chondr/o - cartilage arthr/o - joint -plegia - paralysis kinesi/o - movement Function The skeletal system is made up of bones and other such things that provide a structure for the body. Five important functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation, and anchoring and movement of muscle. Support: Provides the shape and structure for the body. Protection: Surrounds and protects the internal organs from damage. Mineral Storage: Phosphorus and calcium are two necessary minerals for regulatory functions, which are stored inside of the bones. Blood cell formation: Inside of the bone marrow, red blood cells are constantly being made. 6
Musculoskeletal System Anchoring and movement of muscle: For muscular movement and action, the bones are the supporting structures. The muscular system is composed of various amounts of tissue that interact with each other to execute essential functions of the body. Examples include permitting movement to be possible, along with holding the body parts in position. It is also a protective mechanism for internal organs. Transports the food through the digestive tract. Helping blood flow throughout the body in order to return to the heart. Vocabulary Ataxia - Inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity; characterized by shaky, unsteady movements. Bursa - Enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid and are located in areas of possible friction to help muscles and tendons glide smoothly over bone Bulge Sign - Distinct bulge observed from a synovial fluid wave in the medial aspect of the knee after displacing the fluid and tapping on the lateral aspect Contracture - Shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM (range of motion) of a joint Dislocation - When a bone is out of a socket Epiphysis - Growth plates in long bones where lengthening occurs Hematopoiesis - Red blood cell production in the bone marrow Hypertrophy - Excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle Shin Splint - Painful condition caused by muscle tearing away from the tibia Tremor - Involuntary, repetitive shaking or quivering of a part or parts of the body. Diseases / Disorders Ankylosis - A stiff joint caused by adhesion, or abnormal fusion of two bones into one bone 7
Musculoskeletal System Muscular Dystrophy (MD) - Genetic disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness and skeletal muscle deterioration Myeloma - Cancer of the plasma cells (type of white blood cell) that originates in the bone marrow Myasthenia Gravis - Chronic autoimmune disease characterized by voluntary muscle weakness that worsens after activity and improves after rest Leiomyoma - Benign tumor of smooth muscle, such as that found in the heart, bladder, or uterus. Healthcare Careers Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine Doctor - Specialist in osteopathic medicine, doctors who become experts in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and related neurological medical problems Orthopedic Doctor - Devoted to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Labeled System 8
https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/introduction-medical-terminology-2017/105 https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/primary-care-physician.html https://www.dictionary.com/browse/dermatologist https://www7.aaos.org/member/directory/definition.htm 9
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