IMPACT_Dec2015

December’15impactmanagement.org

IMPACT With Greetings from IMPACTEDITORIAL TEAM Editorial for the December issue of your favoriteN V Subbaraman E magazine IMPACT is being drafted at a time when“Kalki” V Murali the entire Tamil Nadu and in particular ChennaiDr M G Bhaskar is reeling under the devastations caused by heavy rains - after a period of 114 years - and theDesigned by floods. We only contribute at the individual levelSRIKANTH what we can do to help flood relief [email protected] physically and financially. We all pray the Lord Almighty to have a compassionate look at us and help us to overcome the present grim situation. More things are wrought by prayer than the world dreams of. This issue carries interesting articles by usual eminent authors in the pursuit of our objectives. The readers will also find an exhaustive presentation on the flood related matters. This is a paper presented by famous researchers with particular reference to Chennai. We do hope that by the next issue in the New Year, nature would have cast its benevolent look and the world will be free from natural calamities. Wishing our readers a happier year in 2016! - Editorial TeamAll opinions expressed in the articlesappearing in the e-journal IMPACT, arethat of the respective authors and thePublisher or Editor of IMPACT cannot beheld responsible/liable in any mannerwhatsoever for any claims and/or damages. impactmanagement.org

December’15 3INSIDE IMPACTManagement in Valluvam Part VIII– N V Subbaraman................................................................................................................4Bharathiyar On Rains!– N V Subbaraman................................................................................................................7Management Quotes...........................................................................................................9Health Management– Lion M Desikan................................................................................................................11Partners In Progress– Jayaprakash B Zinde......................................................................................................13The Power Of Words– Dr K Balasubramanian....................................................................................................17Flood Risk And Context Of Land-Uses...........................................................................20THE “M” Factor– Sandhya Rao.....................................................................................................................28Humor ................................................................................................................6, 12, 27, 30 impactmanagement.org

4 IMPACT MANAGEMENT IN VALLUVAM ANBUDAIMAIA bilingual poet, writer, trainer, translator, thinker and speaker fromChennai, Mr Subbaraman has written 36 books. His paper, “ValluvamInspired Mahatma Gandhi,” was approved for presentation in theInternational Tirukkural Conference held in Washington, USA. Histranslated works include Thirukkural, Bharathiyar’s Kuyilpattu andRamana Maharishi’s Aksharamanamalai. He is connected with thepublication of the Management e-journal IMPACT. He was formerly theDeputy Zonal Manager, L I C of India.Corner stone for managing human resources Love knows not a shieldis LOVE! It has been practically vindicated by When sees the loved ones sufferthe lives of great men like Mahatma Gandhi, Tears betray neat! (Kural 71) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and others. Itcannot be dismissed as theory or bookish; There is no key that can keep one’s loveit is practical and has to be practiced in locked; even the tears of the people withour day to day life - whether it is domestic, abundant love for others will show themofficial or societal. Though it is claimed that open and that indeed is the greatness ofthe conventional “carrot and stick policy” divine virtue love.gets result in the management of an officeor home, approach and attitude are fast md;gpyhh; vy;yhk; jkf;Fhpah; md;Gilahh;changing and today more than the ‘stick’, vd;Gk; chpah; gpwh;f;F (Fws; 72)‘carrot’ can be more effective. Anbilaar ellaam thamakkuriyar anbudaiyaarThiuruvalluvar, an adept in the subject of Enbum uriyar pirarkku.human psychology, deals with this art andscience of love as a human management tool Men sans love keep all;and in this issue let us have a look at this. Those with love give even boneHe gives his valuable views in the eighth To others, stand tall! (Kural 72)chapter named “ANBUDAIMAI” (On showeringLove) under “ARATHTHUPPAAL”. People without love take everything into their personal possession whereas themd;gpw;Fk; cz;Nlh milf;Fk;jho; Mh;tyh; people with intense love give everythingGq;fzPh; g+ry; jUk; (Fws; 71) including their body (bones) to others. A human relations Manager shows his loveAnbirkkum uNdoa adaikkumthAzh aarvalar towards his staff members, definitely he canPunkaNneer poosal tharum. bring even the unruly ones round and make them work in the interest of the Institution. impactmanagement.org

December’15 5md;NghL ,iae;j tof;nfd;g MUaph;f;F The cause of one’s greatness and happiness is the ‘love’ such people show it to others invd;NghL ,iae;j njhlh;G (Fws; 73) abundance. That is one’s life’s fulfillment.Anboadu iyaindha vazhakkenba aaruyirkku mwj;jpw;Nf md;Grhh; ngd;g mwpahh;Enboadu iyaindha thodarbu. kwj;jpw;f;Fk; m/Nj Jiz; (Fws; 76)God gives bone and soul (Kural 73) Araththirkkae anbusaarbuenba ariyaarTo men to show love to all Maraththirkkum ahudhae thuNai.Say the wise – nice goal! Perfect match between the life and body is Love, the corner stonethe outcome of one’s intense love for others. Not for virtues alone butThat helps the management practitioners to Sure for valor too! (Kural 76) win over the people to their way of working. Only those who know not will say that lovemd;G<Dk; Mh;tk; cilik mJ<Dk; supports virtue; the fact is it is the support fored;Gvd;Dk; ehlhr; rpwg;G (Fws; 74) courage and valor too. That is the important requirement of a Manager.Anbu eenum aarvam udaikai adhu eenumNaNbu ennum naadaach chirappu vd;gp yjid ntapy;Nghyf; fhANk md;gp yjid mwk; (Fws; 77)Love provides concernAnd that in turn yields friendship Enbuil adhanai veyilpoalakkaayumaePure friendship is bliss! (Kural 74) Anbuil adhanai aram.Love gives care and concern for others which Sun blazes the boneless As justice burns the lovelessin turn leads to friendship that yields joy, Sure as the daylight! grace and greatness. This requires no (Kural 77)elaboration on the impact on others.md;Gw;W mkh;e;j tof;nfd;g itafJ Just as the heat of the sun burns the boneless living beings, virtue will burn the loveless,d;Gw;whh; va;Jk; rpwg;G (Fws; 75) people. Hence the abundant need for cultivating the virtue of love and makingAnbutru amarndha vazhakkuenba use in developing the effectiveness as a Manager. vaiyagaththuInbutraar eydhum sirappu. md;gfj; jpy;yh caph;tho;f;if td;ghw;f;z;Showing love to all tw;wy; kue;jsph;j; jw;W (Fws; 78)Life’s fulfillment - the wise say Anbagaththu illaa uyirvaazhkkai vanbaarkaNThey live with joy tall! (Kural 75) Vatral maram thaLirththatru. impactmanagement.org

6 IMPACT md;gpd; topaJ caph;epiy m/jpyhh;f;F (Kural 78) vd;GNjhy; Nghh;j;j clk;G (Fws; 120)Life sans love can’t bloomAs the dead trees in desertCan’t yield leaves and fruits! Life of a person without love cannot blossom Anbinvazhiyadhu uyirnilai; ahudhu ilaarkkujust as a tree in a desert cannot yield leaves Enbuthoal poarththa udambu.and fruit. Man’s soul rests in love (Kural 80)Gwj;JWg; ngy;yhk; vtd;nra;Ak; ahf;if Sans love, human body ismfj;JWg;G md;gp yth;f;F (Fws; 119) But bone wrapped in skin! Puraththuruppu ellaam evanseyyum yaakkai The life that is guided by love in fact is theAgaththuruppu anbilavarkku. life as otherwise it is just bones wrapped with skin. For men without love (Kural 79) External organs don’t help. It is clear from the above exposition thatSupreme value love! showering love can be and is one of the most effective aids in management of humanWhen the inner organs of a person have no relationship.love in it, the external organs can do no goodto him. Humor impactmanagement.org

December’15 7BHARATHIYAR on RAINS!Great poet Mahakavi Bharathiyar known asBharathi is as great a nature poet as JohnKeats or P. B. Shelly. He loved nature as next toGod and pays rich tributes to Sun, Moon, River,Forest, Rain, Cyclone and so on.At a time when Chennai and Tamilnaduexperienced the worst rain and floods since1901, made IMPACT to think of Bharathi andhis writings on RAIN in this issue and you willenjoy this piece of writing. Incidentally it wason 12th December in 1882 great nationalistpoet was born and this is December issue!jpf;Ffs; vl;Lk; rpjwp - jf;fj;jPk;jhpfpl jPk;jhpfpl jPk;jhpfpl - jPk; jhpfplgf;f kiyfs; cile;J - nts;sk; ntl;b abf;FJ kpd;dy; – fly; ghAJ ghAJ ghAJ - jhk; jhpfpljf;fj; jjpq;fpl jpj;Njhk; - mz;lk; tPuj; jpiunfhz;L tpz;iz apbf;FJ rhAJ rhAJ rhAJ - Nga;nfhz;L nfhl;b apbf;FJ Nkfk; – $jf;if abf;FJ fhw;W - jf;fj; $ntd;W tpz;izf; FilAJ fhw;W jhk;jhpfpl jhk;jhpfpl jhk;jhpfpl jhk;jhpfpl1 rl;lr;rl rl;lr;rl ll;lh – vd;WThikkugaL ettum cidhari –thkkath jhsq; nfhl;bf; fidf;FJ thdk; Theemtharigida, theemtheemtharigida – theem tharigida tharigida vl;Lj; jpirAk; ,ba – kio vQ;Qdk; te;jjlh jk;gP! tPuh! 2Pakka malaigaL udaindhu - veLLam Vetti yadikkudhu minnal – kadal Paayudhu, paayudhu, paayudhu – thaam Veerath thirai koNdu viNNai yidikkudhu;tharigida Kotti yidikkudhu maegam - kuuThakkath thadhingida thiththoam – aNdam Kuuvendru viNNaik kudaiyudhu kaatru Saayudhu, saayudhu, saayudhu –paeykoNdu Chattachchda chattachchada dattaa – endru ThaaLangottik kanaikkudhu vaanam;Thakkai yadikkudhu kaatru – thakkath Ettuththisaiyum idiya – mazhai Thaam tharigida, thaam tharigida, thaam Engnganam vandhadhadaa, thambee!tharigida thaam tharigida! Veeraa! impactmanagement.org

8 IMPACTmz;lk; FYq;FJ jk;gp – jiy Clouds dispatch the thunder – koo Koo sounding, the wind pierces the sky; Mapue; J}f;fpNa NrlDk; Nga;g;Nghy; Chattachchada chattachchada dattaa* – likekpz;bf; Fjpj;jpL fpd;whd; – jpir The sky trumpets the drum. Breaking the directions eight – rains ntw;Gf; Fjpf;FJ thdj;Jj; Njth; How did they come, brother! Veera!nrz;L Gilj;jpL fpd;whh; – vd;d nja;tpff; fhl;rpiaf; fz;Kd;G fz;Nlhk;! The whole universe trembles, brother, -fz;Nlhk; fz;Nlhk; fz;Nlhk; – ,e;jf; Thousand Hooded God like a ghost fhyj;jpd; $j;jpidf; fz;Kd;G fz;Nlhk;! Dances to the hilt - direction Dances in delight; Gods in the heavenANdam kulungudhu, thambi – thalai Offer bouquet – what Aayiran thuukiyae saedanum paeypoal A divine manifestation we could see! We saw, we saw, we saw – thisMiNdik kudhiththidu kindraan – thisai Dance of Time we could see with our Verpuk kudhikkudhu; vaanaththuth own eyes!thaevar (* - These words represent the Sound of theSeNdu pudaiththidu kindraar – enna dancing rain, wind and waves which are heard Dheyvikak kaatchiyaik kaNmunbu like these!!!!)kaNdoam! Deluge- disaster- calamity, cataclysm,KaNdoam kaNdoam kaNdoam – indhak catastrophe, ruination, tragedy – how to call Kaalaththin kooththinai kaNmunbu this act of God? But the nature poet enjoyedkaNdoam! and wrote a superb verse on this as he has done similarly on a cyclone that hit in the yearWhen broadly translated into English it may NALA-month –Karthik on 8th, a Wednesday.read like:Shattered into directions eight – thakkath As a policy IMPACT does not write about Theem thirikida theem thirikida politics- but as an observer of the happeningstheemthirikida - theemtharikida* around us we are sick with the political partiesSide Mountains and rocks broken – floods that would take advantage with allegations Rush rush rush - thaam tharikida and counter allegations. We are happy thatThakkath thadhingida thiththoam* – universe there are scores of good hearts and souls Falls falls falls – as if possessed and organizations that work for “the earlyAt its worst is the wind – thakkath restoration post rain-floods saga”. We place Thaam tharigida thaam tharigida thaam on record the humanitarian services theytharigida thaam tharigida*. have been extending.Lightning is at its cruel worst – sea With its tsunami like waves hit the sky; impactmanagement.org

December’15 9 Management QuotesManagement is doing things stable management team. highly leveraged and highlyright; leadership is doing the Vivek Wadhwa vulnerable technologyright things. investors.Peter Drucker Management is efficiency Douglas Rushkoff in climbing the ladderBeing in control of your of success; leadership My mom worked atlife and having realistic determines whether the McDonald’s, and sheexpectations about your ladder is leaning against decided she wanted to makeday-to-day challenges the right wall. more money, so she got intoare the keys to stress Stephen Covey the management programmanagement, which is at McDonald’s. And that’sperhaps the most important Corporate culture matters. how you move up the chain.ingredient to living a happy, How management chooses It’s not by demanding thathealthy and rewarding life. to treat its people impacts minimum wage is raised;Marilu Henner everything - for better or for it’s by actually acquiring the worse. skills. That’s the way thatGood management is the Simon Sinek people get ahead in life.art of making problems Raul Labradorso interesting and their Most of what we callsolutions so constructive management consists of I’ve never formally trainedthat everyone wants to get making it difficult for people for pain management, but Ito work and deal with them. to get their work done. have a good understandingPaul Hawken Peter Drucker of how to conquer it. I just analyze the pain, feel itTime management is an Whether it’s watching a in the moment, and thenoxymoron. Time is beyond $4,000 laptop fall off the mentally become numb toour control, and the clock conveyor belt at airport it.keeps ticking regardless security, contending Criss Angelof how we lead our lives. with a software conflictPriority management is the that corrupted your file Shifting towardanswer to maximizing the management system, or management meant greatertime we have. begging your family to responsibility and influence,John C. Maxwell stop opening those virus- but it also meant giving up carrying ‘greeting cards’ programming day-to-dayA key to achieving success attached to emails, all in my role, which was hardis to assemble a strong and computer owners are because it took me out of impactmanagement.org

10 IMPACT even when the future is to convey leadership’s unclear, and great people. message in a compellingmy comfort zone. Jeffrey R. Immelt and inspiring way. Not justMarissa Mayer in meetings, but also by Practice Golden-Rule 1 of example.The more you like yourself, Management in everything Jeffrey Gitomerthe less you are like anyone you do. Manage others theelse, which makes you way you would like to be Management is all aboutunique. managed. managing in the short term,Walt Disney Brian Tracy while developing the plans for the long term.Success in management Management is about Jack Welchrequires learning as fast as arranging and telling.the world is changing. Leadership is about I never learnedWarren Bennis nurturing and enhancing. management. I never went Tom Peters to business school. I’m anThe first rule of management artist. I happened to haveis delegation. Don’t try Leadership is working really clear ideas of whatand do everything yourself with goals and vision; I thought my businessbecause you can’t. management is working should be.Anthea Turner with objectives. Bobbi Brown Russel HonoreThe art of effective Effective managementlistening is essential to The way managementclear communication, and treats associates is exactly always means asking theclear communication is how the associates willnecessary to management treat the customers. right question.success. Sam WaltonJames Cash Penney Robert Heller Lots of folks confuse badProfitability is coming from management with destiny. Good management consistsproductivity, efficiency, Kin Hubbard in showing average peoplemanagement, austerity, how to do the work ofand the way to manage the Effective leadership is superior people.business. putting first things first. John D. RockefellerCarlos Slim Effective management is discipline, carrying it out. Management manages byI have learned that nothing Stephen Covey making decisions and byis certain except for the seeing that those decisionsneed to have strong risk Management’s job is are implemented.management, a lot of cash, Harold S. Geneenthe willingness to invest impactmanagement.org

December’15 11 HEALTH Lion M. DESIKAN is a formerMANAGEMENT District Chairman and Life Member, Lions Club International, District 324A. He is a social activist and literary lover.CHOLESTEROLCholesterol is one of the major reasons for heart disease.WHAT IS CHOLESTEROL?It is a fat that looks like Wax under the microscope. It appears as crystalline long, sharpmuddles. Cholesterol is synthesized in the body through a complicated process. After it ismanufactured by liver it is absorbed from liver and the intestine and mixed with the bloodwhere it remains in solution along with other fatty substances. When blood flows underpressure, the deposits of cholesterol are forced into the wall of the blood vessels. It later getsprecipitated in the blood vessel wall as muddle like pointed crystals resembling spenders ofwood. This is the role of cholesterol on Heart disease KNOWN AS arteriosclerosis.A kind of hardening of the arteries caused by the fatty deposits is called plaques. The depositscontain 70% cholesterol. They clog the arteries and thus impede the flow of blood.The result can be angina or heart attack.This quality of cholesterol in the blood plasma deposits mostly on the cholesterol content inour diet. It is also dependent on the balance between the synthesis (production by the liver).And its excretion with bile, this equilibrium is influenced by the fats we eat in our food.FATTY ACIDFolic Acid deficiency decreases brain serotonin levels and can cause depression.Green leafy vegetables , dried beans and peas and many other types of vegetables and fruitsare rich in Foliate.What it is and how it works:Our relationship with cholesterol is complex and contradictory as our Relationship with everyother form of fat. We need it, but too much of it is wrong. It can clog the arteries and do harm.“Good” and “Bad” cholesterolCholesterol is a fat–like substance the body needs to build cells, make hormones and toprocess fats. It travels inside lipoprotein molecules; LDL (Low density Lipoprotein) carries impactmanagement.org

12 IMPACTcholesterol to cells. HDL (High density lipoproteins) carries excess cholesterol back to theLiver, which disposes of it.LDL, TOO MUCH IS CONSIDERED BAD BECAUSE IT IS A major component of plaque that canform inside the arteries walls. Causing the arteries to narrow, high LDL levels are associatedwith heart disease.HDL Cholesterol;High levels are considered good because it is needed to rid the body of excess cholesterol;low HDL levels are associated with heart disease. impactmanagement.org

December’15 13PARTNERS IN PROGRESSJayprakash B Zende, Consultant employee involvementschemes and a freelance trainer Technologies Changing perceptions of and for upgrading the are constantly skill of its employees. changing Quality issues involved inand getting improved atthe International level. educational system wouldEducational systems areexpected to be aware of require vision, delineation, World Engineeringthese changes, since thetake off points of various long, term planning for future education is currently undertechnologies make theirassessmentoflikely impact on growth and annual plans for tremendous strain as it issociety at large -both internaland global. Technologies optimal utilization of human trying to cope up with themake an impact not only onthe production systems but and financial resources. learning implications ofon the entire social fabric aswell. The task of educational Engineering education in globalization of the economy,system, therefore, is alsoto understand the social particular prepares a student rapid technological advancesdimensions of technologicalchanges and to provide to develop his “faculty and in most of the fields and mindcorrections in the systemto cope with the changes. skills to produce, upgrade or boggling the emergence ofSuch corrections can onlybe developed by effective maintain physical artifacts totally new technologies.interaction of scientists,technologists, Industrialists, or systems through judiciousManagers and teachers. use of available resources. Today, if you look at threeQuality of an Educationalprocess or that of the product Industry is the culmination different ingredients ofcoming out of an educationalprocess is much more of engineering activity the business process i.e.difficult to define or evaluate. therefore engineering students, Educational educational process must Institutes and the Business bring industrial reality to units / Industries each one the classroom through active of them have concern to involvement and interaction achieve excellence in the with industry. Industrial competitive and challenging exposure to students will environment. But there is help them understand ground a need for development of realities regarding quality, a good common platform reliability, maintainability through inspiring leadership and aesthetics of product to build a good team or system development. to achieve excellence through combined efforts. I think, Industries will be Linkages Required- always keen to utilize the Development of effective linkages b e t w e e n available ‘Think Tanks’ in Industries and Institutions. educational institutions for their problem solving impactmanagement.org

14 IMPACTAppointment of an expert Hence, it will besponsored by industryas a staff member in an more meaningfulinstitute and vice-a-versa.Industries taking active to develop goodpart in defining theirrequirements of training and partnershipfinalizing the curriculum. between industries and educational institutes. Instead of industries going to institutions forIf you look at current campus interviewschanges in all our business and select fewenvironment the focus is students to fill up‘customer oriented’. Now their vacancies.marketing is a dominant Institutions must will not accept inferior outputforce and hence instead of go to industries to find out produced by the educationalwaiting for customer to pick their exact requirement. institutions when it comesup our product, organizations Industry does not run on to employing the studentsmust go to customers to find charity and it needs best of from such institutions.out customers’ requirements people to manage its affairs. Hence, for healthyand try to fulfill them. Today Hence the orientation of our partnership educationaleducational institutes education system should be institutions must look atare producing product as changed with more emphasis industries as their valuedper their set curriculum on practical application customers, find out exactlywithout understanding the of emerging technologies what they need and try torequirements expected from and mainly customer focus. satisfy their need. Institutionscustomers. The existing How to Develop the must introduce the features Partnership:curriculum is based on in their products (students)American system of education based on the expectationsand hence this produces I think a positive partnership of industries requirements.mostly more research and between Industry and Then, industries will buytheory, oriented students. Educational Institutions the products with delightToday’s curriculum is without can be easily developed and then cohesive bondsmuch consideration to what if a meaningful customer, will get developed toindustry wants and the result supplier relationship is sustain relationship andis stiff competition for getting thought of between both mutual support. Followinggood jobs leading to educated the agencies. Enlightened are some suggestions tounemployment of those who managements are prepared develop such partnership.cannot meet the industry’s to offer some financial Chief Executiveneeds of manpower, support to educational Meets: skills and knowledge. institutions but obviously impactmanagement.org

December’15 15Mutual commitment brings to mould the students from fine tuning to make themintegrations but this needs institutions for industrial effective which shoulda strong and charismatic requirements. This also will be done by educationalleadership. A forum should help students to build right institutions. It is somethingbe developed under such tuning to get right kind of jobs. like making our educationalleadership so that few Chief process more robust toExecutives from Industries Now, I would like to give some absorb some variation inand Educational Institutions suggestions for educational basic inputs to producecan meet regularly at fixed institutions to consider product of required quality.intervals. Through these looking at the currentmeetsvisioncanbedeveloped requirements from industries The work of educationalfor meaningful partnership. to build healthy partnerships. institution is something like heat treatment process.Curriculum Industrial and business Accept available materialsFormation: do stress relieving to impart environments need required hardness, perform tempering operation toSome positions should be Information Technology moderate the hardness so that the product willreserved for persons from and hence Computer perform better when in use. This is the basic internalindustries on Board of studies familiarisation is becoming process of educational institutions. This has to beso that the syllabus will not a must for everybody. formulated by providing proper curriculum andremain theoretical but will Educational institutions adequate facilities. Processes always are managed byhave practical flair taking into should reorient all their people. Hence, educational institutions need properaccount the current changes curriculums to add people building movements.in technology and market computer familiarisation totrends. Board of studies make their students moreshould also have some effective and acceptablepositions for researchers in business environment.so that the benefits oflatest researchers can be There are many apprehensions about thepassed on to the industries basic input available to educational institutions butthrough Educational my observation is that the younger generation is wellinstitutions quickly. informed and can absorb 21st People Building century’s technology but weSandwich Courses: are training them to absorb Philosophy: 19th century’s technology.Someexperimentsarealready Averyeffectiveandprominenton in this direction but suchefforts should be intensified method amongst availableand suitably refined to meetthe requirements of industry. methods today is ‘QualityThis will reduce the time andefforts spent by industries Circle’. The novelty of this approach is that it represents Younger g e n e r a t i o n a philosophy of building positively need some and managing people. It is a impactmanagement.org

16 IMPACTclearly defined mechanism by SPJIMR, Bombay and significant changes. A culture Industries represented byand methodology if followed CII came together, discussed of Quality excellence in all and understood each other’sputs this philosophy into needs and requirements. They spheres of industrial and designed and implementedpractice to make it a way of a management course in service activities is the need manufacturing. The activelife. This fosters co-operative participation of industries of the hour to meet the global can be easily gauged by theattitudes and team spirit. involvement of experts from challenges. The customer is Industries in sharing theirHence, all students must expertise and experience emerging as a king and efforts in designing the syllabi andget this as a discipline and implementing it through should be on to understand series of lectures. So also theas part of learning during exposure of contribution of his requirement and satisfy the educational institutiontheir learning endeavors manifests itself through him. Educational institutions the work done, knowledgein the academy pursuits. shared by students and are not exceptions to this. faculty with industry. SuchA few examples of this approaches will certainly do A meaningful partnership a lot good to Indian industrysymbiotic relationship and education system. between the Industry andproducing good results Conclusion: Educational institutionsmay be quoted here – Our society is undergoing is desirable and can beThe productive interactions achieved by creating abetween the professors at common platform with rightIIM Ahmadabad and the leadership. Today someindustries around have left experiments are already seenboth parties enriched in but they need to be intensifiedknowledge and material. so that the benefit can beThe novel experiment began shared by all – industry as userat S. P. Jain Institution of of the product - EngineersManagement & Research, in this case and EducationalBombay is one more such Institutions as processorexample of good relationship of the ‘product’ to be usedbenefiting both parties. by all facets of industry-Academia represented manufacturing and service. impactmanagement.org

December’15 17 THE POWER OF WORDS Dr. K. Balasubramanian – Founder and CEO of Vision Unlimited.He is a PhD in Psychology & Post Graduate Diploma in Training & De- velopment. His name has been appearing in the popular people of Tamil Nadu Directory for the past 25 years.Words manipulate people wrong. you for years. Why? Becauseand are becoming tools words are powerful!others can use. What comes out of the mouth starts with what goes into the On the other hand, our wordsInvisible, forced with purpose heart. And in Proverbs we can bring life to a situation.to change another’s thoughts, learn that we are to be putting A word of encouragementbeliefs and actions, the God’s Word into our hearts. spoken at just the right timewords virtually force one to And we do that by paying to someone who is down oragree with the manipulator’s attention to it, listening (with discouraged can ministerpoint of view, give them what our ears and our heart) to His life to that person. Maybethey want. Their words are sayings, keeping His Words you have been the personso reasonable, so logical, before our eyes and getting who just felt like you were inand so believable that them into our heart. And a pit of despair and felt likeone’s response is almost once they are in our heart, we giving up; when someoneprogrammed. are to guard our heart with all came to you or called you diligence, for out of our heart and told you they love youThe words are hooks. Their comes the issues of life in the or appreciate you, or just form of our words. And our thanked you for what youenormous power lies in words are powerful! are doing. If you were that You can envision this angry downhearted person, thenwhat the words MEAN to person carefully sharpening you know that those kind what they are going to say to words were like a handthe person who hears them. you, like a warrior sharpens extended, pulling you up out the head of an arrow. Then at of a pit and back onto the pathThey trigger concepts, your most vulnerable moment God ordained for your life. they take aim and fire this Those words injected life intoideas, memories, situations, carefully fashioned weapon your situation and gave you right at your heart. If your the strength to keep movingcircumstances, actions, heart is not guarded when forward. Why? Because our they attack, those words can words are powerful!thoughts and feelings from penetrate and deposit their poison, sometimes wounding Why are words so powerful?one’s subconscious mind intocorresponding emotionalresponses toward the subjectat hand. Consequently, thedecisions based on them areNOT based on truth, commonsense, logic, legality, one’sbest interests or right and impactmanagement.org

18 IMPACT well. research by Yale University: Words such as Task, Risk, Discovery, Easy, Free,Words have found a way Target, Act, Pressure, Delivery, Guarantee, Interest, Love,to change the world, and Plan, Comment, Criticize, Money, Profit, Results, Save,yet, they are of no value Fat, Error, Blood, Accident, You.in any scientific realm. We Worry, Tension, Stress, andplace much importance on Depression – can be very self- There are also few wordsknowledge and with how the destructive whereas, Money, which are very optimisticway things work, yet words Abundance, Power, Friend, and high-energy oriented:have been the only effective Reward, Prosperity, Happy, Achieve, Baby, Beautiful,means of power. If we think Relationship, Natural, Health, Believe, Choose, Choice,about it - communication has Great, Excellent, Care – can Dream, Easy, Energy,been the central component bring vigor and enthusiasm. Enthusiasm, Family, Father,to our not destroying the Feel-Free, Funny, Future, God,world as of yet. Words like Love, Please, Happy, Harmony, Heart, and Thank you, Love you, Sorry Humor.What would happen if the and Prayer may bring magicalworld stopped speaking - results. There are few words whichstopped communicating all are of low-energy oriented:together There are 18 powerful words Failure, Fear, Forget, Guilt, for persuasion: Naturally, Hard, hate, Idiot, Ill, Lazy,Words represent History…! easily, unlimited, aware, Lose, Loser, Mean, Sue, Weak,Also represents the thoughts realize, experience, before, Nasty, Old, Poor, and Wordsof the mind…! during, after, among, expand, to be avoided: But (changeWords can bring agony as beyond, and, as, causes, it to) ‘and’, Try (presupposeswell happiness. Some words because, now, stop. failure), If (presupposes thathave deep meaning beyond you may not). Might (it doescomprehension. Some words Most persuasive words as per nothing definite), would havecan be hurting and some arehealing. Some can be carelessand some can be caring.Words are the vehicle whichcarries messages to impressor to express and also tocreate rapport / connect withpeople. Words of peoplereflect their attitude. A fewwords can win and a few cankill or make you lose.Words can be good, bad, new,old, native, strange, rhyming,energetic and negative as impactmanagement.org

December’15 19(draws attention), Should becomes – it’s not easy, I’m don’t like tension – I want tohave (guilt), Could have (tries sick – becomes- I don’t feel be peaceful, I don’t want toto take credit), Can’t /don’t well, I forgot – becomes – I delay – I want to be on time,(what we don’t want) didn’t remember, Don’t cry I don’t want to argue – I want – becomes – that’s all right, to agreePowerful or confidence maker Diet becomes ‘eating plan’,words: Positively – I am Fat becomes ‘ not slim’, Junk A careless word can causegoing to improve positively, food becomes ‘empty filler a conflict/quarrel, A wordAbsolutely – I am absolutely food’, I shouldn’t eat all of without compassion can spoilconfident, Guaranteed – I this becomes ‘I will eat just a life, A word of hatred getsam guaranteed to improve, half of this”, I was bad today hard into the mind, An unkindCertainly – certainly no one becomes ‘I didn’t do very word can kill a person. Acan stand in front of me as well today’, I’m feeling down caring word can bring peaceam the best, Obviously – becomes ‘I am clearing some and harmony, A happy wordobviously I have a great game, emotions right now’ can enthuse others, A timelyDefinitely – definitely I can touching/caring word lessensreach my goal, Surely – surely For better results in personal the worry and stress, A wordI am born to win and professional life, we with love and kindness willWe need to switch certain need to change the way we remove worries and bringwords in our daily life for communicate: Don’t talk to bliss in heart.better results, happiness, me like this – I want you toharmony and peace: That’s be kind, I don’t want to be Finally, let us understand thatnot bad -becomes “that’s sick – I want to be healthy, Words can be powerful inquite good”, No problem I don’t want to fail – I want multiple aspects. Sometimes– becomes – “you are very to succeed, I don’t want to words can do more harmwelcome”, That’s bad – lose – I want to win, I don’t than actual weapons, orbecomes – that’s not good, want to be poor – I want to when used in music theyDon’t worry – becomes- be rich, I don’t want to delay can deliver an emotionalyou’ll be fine, It’s too hard – – I want to finish on time, I response to the listener. We can interpret words and language very deeply which may be why they can be so powerful. Therefore let us be very selective as a successful communicator while choosing a WORD. You are judged by the words you use – could be true…! impactmanagement.org

20 IMPACTFLOOD RISK AND CONTEXT OF LAND-USESAnil K. Gupta and Sreeja by land-use and changes. of land-use planners andS. Nair National Institute disaster management expertsof Disaster Management Chennai, a coastal mega-city to integrate their efforts(Ministry of Home Affairs, for better and sustainableGovt of India), New Delhi- is fourth largest metropolis results.110 002. in India, has a history ofIndia witnessed increasedflooding incidences during over 350 years of growth.recent past especially inurban areas reportedly since Meteorologically there is noMumbai (2005) as a megadisaster. Other South Asian major upward or downward INTRODUCTIONcities like Dhaka, Islamabad,Rawalpindi, besides many trend of rainfall during 200 India witnessed increasedother cities in India, are alsoreportedly been affected by years, and a decrease in last flooding incidences duringfrequent floods. Flood riskin urban areas are attributed 20 years with a contrast recent past, especially into hazards acceleratedby growth in terms of record of increasing floods urban areas reportedlypopulation, housing, paved-up areas, waste disposal, have been experienced. since Mumbai (2005) asvehicles, water use, etc. allcontributing to high intensity Analysis of land-use changes mega disaster. Other South– high load of runoff. over the temporal and spatial Asian cities like Dhaka,Reduced carrying capacity ofdrainage channels is also a key scale has been undertaken Islamabad and Rawalpindiconcern. Haphazard growth oflow income habitations and for Chennai city in order are also reported for frequentun-organized trade added tochallenge. Spatial dimensions to understand the patterns floods. Floods result fromof these entire flood factorsare often characterized on green cover, built-up the overflow of land areas, area and consequences on temporary backwater hydrological settings. Land- effects in sewers and local use issues like decreased drainage channels, creation natural areas, loss of water of unsanitary conditions, bodies, encroachment deposition of materials in of river/streams and stream channels during other drainage channels, flood recession, rise of uncontrolled multiplication ground water coincident with of built-up areas, have been increased stream flow, and identified as contributory other geo-environmental factor to flood risk in Chennai. influences. Hazards of flood could be from heavy The paper discusses flood risk rains, dam failures, tides reduction and management strategies in urban context or cyclonic surges. There with example of the Chennai city and draws attention are four interrelated but separable effects of land-use changes on the hydrology impactmanagement.org

of an area: changes in peak • Urbanization Developments December’15 21flow characteristics, changes encroaching flood plainsin total runoff, changes in and causing loss of natural cities – Bangalore, Bhopal,quality of water, and changes storage. Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabadin the hydrologic amenities and Mumbai, Bhopal and(Leopold, 1968). Of all • Continued development Surat by National Instituteland-use changes affecting and redevelopment to of Disaster Management,the hydrology of an area, higher density land-uses. through city-wise teams forurbanization is by far the capturing city’s experiencemost forceful. Census 2001 • Increased impervious on floods.figured 285 million people areas such as roads,in 35 metro cities of India, roofs and paving, due to Case studies were undertakenand is estimated to cross 600 increasing developmentmillion with 100 metro cities densities means more lookingintotheaspectsofgeo-in 2021. Climatic variability runoff.and regional environmental environmental, hydrologicalchallenges are known to • Improper and inadequateaggravate flood risks. Urban drainage system and socio-economic profiles.flood, being significantlydifferent from those of • Improper or no waste Prevailing and proposed cityflooding natural or rural managementareas, has drawn attention of infrastructure with referencedisaster risk managers. • Attitude of people • Direct factors to drainage and flood controlCauses of floods in urban • Indirect factorsareas are: • On road vehicle parking including structural and• Global climate Change• Change in weather pattern non-structural measures• Heavy rainfall have been evaluated in the context of flooding in the past and present. Master plan provisions and their URBAN FLOOD CAUSES failures, administrative and APPROACH AND technical enquiries, good METHODOLOGY practices and lessons, and the This paper is drawn from the suggested strategies have technical report of a national been covered. Urban flood level study accomplished in challenges and implications India covering 8 important of land-use changes that impactmanagement.org

22 IMPACTaggravate disasters have In Thiruvallur District out of metropolitan boundary –been discussed in this paper. total district area of 3427 encompass the suburbanInformation and data used sq.km, 637sq.km in Ambattur, areas; the inner one is thewere mostly secondary in Thiruvallur, Ponneri and corporation boundary, whichnature were reports and Poonamallee taluks fall include only the urban area.publications of different in CMA. In Kancheepuramdepartments/agencies were District out of 4433 sq.km, Chennai lacks naturalput into use. 376 sq.km in Tambaram, Sriperumbudur gradient for free run-off. This - Tambaram, Sriperumbudur and Chengalpattu Taluks fall necessitates an effective in the Metropolitan area.Chennai city profile and storm water drainage system. Topographically plain terraingrowth with few isolated hillocks Sewage system in Chennai in the south-west, city isMadras (now Chennai) bounded on the east by the was originally designed Bay of Bengal and on thein 1600 was formed of remaining three sides by for the population of 0.65 Kanchipuram and Thiruvallurscattered settlements districts. Average annual million at 114 L per capita rainfall is about 1,300separated by long distances. mm. The city of Chennai, per day of water supply, and one among the four majorEach settlement grew around metropolitan cities of India, was further modified during located in the southern Indiaa nucleus of a temple and lies between 12° 09’, 80°12 1989 1991, and is now much NE and 13° 09’, 80° 19’NE. Ithas its own history. Regional is having population of 6.04 below the required capacity. million in an area of 170.47setting of Chennai, the capital Sq. km. It is growing at an (CPREEC, 2008). Cooum and average of 25% per decade.City of Tamil Nadu is the Chennai city does not have Adyar rivers in Chennai city much of green space, exceptfourth largest Metropolitan the Guindy National Park with are almost stagnant and an area of 270.57 hectares,City in India. The CMA which is under reserve forest do not carry enough water category. Chennai has twofalls in three Districts of administrative boundaries, except during rains. These the outer boundary is Chennaithe Tamil Nadu State viz. rivers play a major role duringChennai District, part of floods, collects surplus waterThiruvallur District, and part from about 75 and 450of Kancheepuram District. tanks, in their respectiveThe extent of the Chennai catchments. ChennaiDistrict (covered in Chennai municipal area has a networkMunicipal Corporation area) of canals and channels withinis 176sq.km and comprises its boundary. Buckingham,55 revenue villages in five originally a navigationTaluks [viz. (i) Fort-Tondiarpet channel and waterway tillTaluk, (ii) Perambur – 1954, now serves only asPurasawalkam Taluk, (iii) drainage channel. City withEgmore-Nungambakkam plain terrain lacks naturalTaluk, (iv) Mambalam-Guindy gradient for free runoff andTaluk and (v) Mylapore – necessitates an effectiveTriplicane Taluk]. storm-water drainage system. Since the beginning impactmanagement.org

December’15 23of the 20th Century, Chennai population in 2001. The green covers reducedhas witnessed a steady rapidly across the citydeterioration of and decrease There are three major between the years 1997in water bodies and open to 2001, at some wardspaces. watercourses (Cooum, almost 99% of the green covers replaced by the non-Chennai population has Buckngham Canal and Adyar) vegetative developments. Asgrown 8 times in 1901 – a result, the water holding2001 period and per hectare in the Chennai city and the capacity of the city’s surfacepopulation density has gone down drastically. Theincreased from 80 to 247. banks of all the areas are reduced city’s surface waterChennai has large migrant holdingcapacitycombinewithpopulation from other parts highly encroached. The slums the augmented impermeableof Tamil Nadu or other parts surface increased the peakof the country, accounting a (number recorded to be flow, up to 89% from the yearfigure of 21.57% of Chennai 1997 to 2001 at some of the 30,922) have developed there without basic amenities and are subjected to flood every year. They often pollute the water courses making health situations worse (CPREEC, 2008). impactmanagement.org

24 IMPACTwards. Increased surface instances of catastrophic less) caused flooding andrunoff and reduced retention floods in Chennai (1943, water-logging in many areas,capacity of the land cover 1976, 1985) caused by inundating most of the slums.almost stopped the ground heavy rain associated withwater recharging processes depressions and cyclonic A deep depression over Bayin the city. The ground water storms, led to floods in major of Bengal brought 42 cmlevel came down up to 10 rivers and failure of and rainfall in around 40 h duringm from the year 1997 to drainage systems. Chennai North-east monsoon of 2005.2001 (Source: CMWSSB). was severally flooded due Several such incidences wereThe analysis shows that the to heavy rains (16 - 20 cm, reported during 2006, 2007green cover reduction and attributed to a trough of and 2008. Closing of schoolsthe increased impermeable low pressure from the Gulf due to flooding every year issurfaces lowered the ground of Mannar to the South- a usual case for many areas ofwater level to the extent west bay off the Tamil Chennai. Chennai Municipalof 33% at some part of Nadu coast) during October Corporation has identifiedthe city between the years 30 to November 2 during 36 localities as flood risk1997 - 2001. This eventually 2002. Residential areas hotspots. Meteorologicallyreduced the ground water became ‘islands’ and cutoff, there is no major upward orquality. paralyzing life, services and downward trend of rainfall trade including transport, during 200 years, and aMeteorological and communication, etc. On decrease in last 30 years November 5, 2004, a heavy with a contrast record ofhydrological aspects rainfall (6 cm within 24 h or increasing floods have beenThere were several past impactmanagement.org

December’15 25experienced for Chennai. implementing agency, that every day causing pressureUrban land use changes, could integrate the functions for motorable and parkinggovernance and floods of Corporation, Development space. Increase in road space Authority, Public Works accounts for only 3 - 4% asCauses of increased Department, Slum Clearance compared to 11% in Bangkokflooding in Chennai are Board, Housing Board, etc., and 20 - 25% in developedidentified as add to weak points. cities like London, Paris or(a) Uncontrolled urban sprawl New York.and loss of natural drainage. Many of the water bodiesDrainage channels have been Decline in area under waterblocked and urban lakes including man-made bodies has been remarkable,filled and encroached, canals owing to eutrophication,degraded and polluted, wetlands/lakes and natural their use as waste dumpingheavily silted and narrowed. sites, later encroaches byA 1994 survey revealed depressions and have slums or poor colonies,waterways contamination then converted to landand anaerobic digestion disappeared due to human for housing complex, Playled to sludge accumulation grounds or garden/parks butcausing hydraulic hindrances induced succession, filled significantly loosing natural flood control sites. Spread(b) Inadequacy of storm with waste and development of temple tanks in the entirewater drainage system and Chennai most of which arelack of maintenance. City has or slum encroachments. degraded now and inefficientonly 855 km of storm drains in controlling floods oragainst 2,847 km of urban This is the common storing water. There is aroads. Plastic and polythene high degree of degradationconstituents to the storm observation in most of of wetlands or other waterwater stream along poor or bodies. Degeneration andno maintenance aggravates the Indian cities and is loss of temple tanks arefloods another attribute of land- guesstimate that urban use modifications leading(c) Increase in impervious to reduced flood controlsurfaces. Paving of roadsides, wetlands have reduced to systems Master plan andpark and open areas causing flood mitigation in Chennai.flood severity and condition 30% during last 50 years Master plan 1992 - 1993for following droughts incorporated Madras Metro Wetlands are among the Flood Relief (MMFR) / Storm(d) Lack of coordination Water Drainage (SWD)between agencies. Lack most valuable ecosystems study outcomes in form ofof unified flood control structural and non-structural in the world and are useful for improving water quality and storing floodwaters and releasing it slowly as they travel downstream. A significant phenomenon which has increased during recent years is that of local flooding attributable to impervious surface and high density development. Switching over to efficient drainage designs is the need. Chennai witnesses 425 new vehicles put on road impactmanagement.org

26 IMPACT in the year 2001, not only resilience in cities context. for the buildings proposed to be constructed but also A Government funded for all the existing buildings. After implementation of flood alleviation scheme this scheme widely in CMA, a significant increase in was launched in 1998, with the ground water levels and also quality of ground a cost Rs.3000 million, water was noted (CPREEC, 2008). Chennai City River focused mainly on structural conservation project was launched in year 2000 in measures. Adequacy of flow in order to improve waterways, with estimated outlay of the arterial drainage system, Rs.17,000 million. removing impediments, The projects proposed included sludge removal safeguard against tidal and and disposal from waterway banks, improvement of macro fluvial flooding, relocation drainage network in the catchments, improvements and rehabilitation of of micro drainage network in the city, improving the encroachers were main water quality of rivers and waterway, strengthening objective components in the urban drainage network in the city, construction of package. Cleaning of certain sewage flow interceptors and treatment facilities. waterways and lakes wasmeasures. Land-use being Flood resistance in cities must also undertaken under the address three contributorymost significant aspect that aspects, viz. flood avoidance, scheme. flood tolerance and floodgoverns environmental resilience, in an integrated Conclusion mode. This is the core of Planning and regulatoryand hydrological regimes disaster risk reduction and controls to prevent directly addresses climate development in old tank bedsalong drainage and waste are possible only if adequate flood defense measuresmanagement issues, must are in place enforced by the local government of Chennai.be taken in to consideration However, the implementation is a bigger challenge.in any planning for urbanrisk mitigation. Vision2026 of Chennai MunicipalAuthority (CMA) developedin 2007, aims to makeChennai a prime metropoliswhich will be more livable, Developments / construction taken cannot be brought backeconomically vibrant and to the original landscape. The lakes / water bodiesenvironmentally sustainable should be protected from encroachments and existingand with better assets for the encroachments should be evicted by the departmentsfuture generations. Provision / agency concerned bringing the water bodies to itsof rainwater structures inall types of developments,irrespective of size or use wasmademandatorybyamendingDCR and building byelaws impactmanagement.org

original state. Vulnerability Ability to withstand a December’15 27to hydro-meteorological disaster is another importantdisasters especially in urban dimension in flood disaster Land-use influences in termscontext stems from large management in cities. Land- of drainage and debris, flowconcentration of people, uses issues especially water- gradient, rainwater amountinfrastructure and financial relief regime, natural flood and intensity over sewerage,assets. controls in form of wetlands, urban forestry, poseDisaster risks and impacts raised housing, better plinth serious challenges in floodare aggravated due to in building and sanitary, disaster risk assessment,environmental impacts of maintaining open areas are environmental planning inmigration, slum habitations, examples of concern. Risk cities and disaster mitigation.poor waste management sensitive land-use planningand local atmospheric has two fold implications – Chennai’s growth during fiftyphenomenon over the (a) managing environments years with increased flooddramatic changes in land- and landscapes to avoid or challenges and changinguses and landscapes not only reduce flooding, and perceptions in master planare macro level but more (b) managing developments and land-uses now setsimportantly at micro level – and human settlements from excellent example for furthervillage / wards level. exposure / impact of floods. studies and research. impactmanagement.org

28 IMPACT THE “M” FactorMrs. Sandhya Rao, Senior InnovationConsultant, Innomantra Consulting PrivateLimited. Master’s in Psychology from PunjabUniversity, Graduation from Government College forWomen, Chandigarh with Economics, Psychology andEnglish (Honours), Schooling from Carmel Convent,Chandigarh.Manage your thoughts manage our thoughts and We are all different in termsManage your words words so as to have better of our external looks andManage your “self” relations, interactions in our internal mental make-up, ourMaintain your success. personal and social life and attitudes and our behavior. consequently have peace of We could attribute this‘Manage’ means to be “in mind. While we manage our difference to our genes andcharge of any business, thoughts and words, we are / to our environment. Butorganization or undertaking.” also attempting to manage somewhere between theseFor example...she could our self. The dictionary two is our ‘self’. Managingmanage a staff of 100 defines self as our self is not so difficultpeople. Or it can also mean if we follow the right pathto “succeed in surviving or “a person’s essential being of duty and conduct. Thein achieving something or that distinguishes them from ‘outer self’ is a little easierdifficult circumstances.” For others, especially considered to manage. We can dressexample…I managed on 3 as the object of introspection ourselves in the way wehours of sleep. We need to or reflexive action.” like whether people like it or not. We can also dress to please others or at least the significant ‘others’. In case of managing our thoughts and words we need to maintain some caution. We can think and say what we want but there will be unexpected and unpalatable consequences impactmanagement.org

December’15 29at times. It is of utmost Manage T+ W= Maintain S. “Your beliefsimportance that we watch We must manage thoughtsour thoughts and words if we because they go very far and become yourwant to be successful in life. become our words. Then we thoughts, need to manage our words because words once Your thoughts spoken cannot be retraced and become your they become words, our actions and actions have no meaning if Your words thought, words and actions are become your not properly actions,What is Success? It means aligned.different things to differentpeople. It can be being very Thoughts and words cannot Your actionsrich, powerful, having lot be controlled. Being humansof political connections, and having thoughts is not become youraccomplishing a purpose in uncommon or unnatural.life or meeting your goals. But when we let evil and habits,Whatever it may mean, it bad thoughts rule our mind,needs managing thoughts thoughts have to be managed.and words. Even to cheat Hurting, mean, rude and Your habitsand manipulate you need to insulting words will come outmanage your thoughts and if thoughts are bad. Words become yourwords. It may not be a very have to be managed to avoid values,good way of managing when confrontations and fights. Weit is based on selfish motives. can control our destiny bySuccess cannot be managed managing everything about Your valuesor we can say it also needs our self. Self-assurance willto be maintained. Success in maintain our enthusiasm to become yourthe true sense will not stick maintain our success. destiny.”around if it is ignored. It hasto be enabled to continue. In conclusion let us reflectThe formulae to maintain on the valuable quotes by ― Mahatmasuccess can be expressed in Mahatma Gandhi as shown Gandhithe following way:- below. impactmanagement.org

30 IMPACT impactmanagement.org

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