Andrea Gray - Colbert County - October 2019

Hey! This Paper Belongs To: TM Colbert County’s Fun Family Newspaper - October 2019 UUnnddeerrssttaannddiinngg HCCaoonlllotoerwisnet!gen OOuurr GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt •• TThhee AAppppaallaacchhiiaann TTrraaiill •• WWhheerree IInn TThhee WWoorrlldd IIss PPoollaanndd?? •• AAmmbbeerr''ss OOrriiggiinnss •• WWhhaatt''ss IItt LLiikkee ttoo bbee aa SSeeaa TTuurrttllee GGuuaarrddiiaann?? •• HHiiddddeenn PPiiccttuurree PPuuzzzzlleess For more fun and games, visit the Kidsville News! Website at KidsvilleNews.com/colbert October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 1

Where In The World Is.... oland is in the center of the European continent, and it has a long history. Like most European countries during the Middle Ages, Poland was not a united country. Poland? PInstead, local rulers controlled towns and cities. World Wars I and II were very Rynek Główny, Kraków, Poland difficult for Poland. In World War II, Nazi Germany conquered the area. After WWII, Poland was part of the Soviet Union. It wasn’t until 1989 that Poland became the www.britannica.com/place/Poland country that we know today. The communist government fell, and the country transformed www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pl.html into a democracy. Here are some important facts about Poland: kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/countries/poland/ • Warsaw is the capital and the largest • Poland is the ninth-largest country in city in Poland. Europe. • The population of Warsaw is 1.768 • Thirty percent of Poland is forested. million. • Soccer is the country’s most popular • Poland joined the European Union in sport. 2004. • Poland has 24 national parks. • Instead of birthdays, many poles • It is 312,685 square kilometers, which is slightly smaller than New Mexico. celebrate Name Days. • There are 16 castles that tourists can • There is 440 Km of coastline. • Poland has a population of visit in Poland. • The highest point in Poland is Mount 38,420,687. • The official language of Poland is Rysy. It is 8,199 feet tall, and it is part of the Tatra Mountains. Polish. • The first Kingdom of Poland dates • More than 87% of the population is back to in 1025. • Nicolaus Copernicus, the famous Catholic. astronomer, was Polish. He was the • Germany invaded Poland in 1939, first to suggest that the sun was the center of the universe. marking the start of WWII. • Marie Curie was Polish. She was a • The white-tailed eagle is Poland’s famous physicist and chemist. • Poland comes from a tribal name national symbol. “Polanie,” which means “People • Polish Independence Day is Nov. 11. living in open fields.” • There are 2,000 lakes in Poland. • Poland has had 40 invasions. • Polish is considered one of the most • Poland has the oldest written constitution in Europe, written in difficult languages in the world to 1791. learn. • There are 32 letters in the Polish alphabet. • Seventeen Nobel Peace Prize winners are Poles. Knowledge Power Submitted By Patricia J. Weaver Answers On Pg. 23 6. What is the longest bone in the human body? A. Femur (Thigh bone) B. Tibia (lower leg bone) C. Humerus (upper arm bone) D. Ischium (hip bone) 1. How many bones in the human body? 7. What joins bone to muscle in the human body? A. 206 B. 250 C. 280 D. 300 A. Patella B. Tissue C. Tendon D. Cartilage 2. Where is the smallest human bone 8. What does human bone marrow produce? (Stapes bone) located? A. White blood cells B. Red blood cells A. Finger B. Toe C. Face D. Ear C. Antibiotics D. Calcium 3. What is the name of the bone that anchors the tongue? Websites to learn more about bones. A. Vomer B. Ethmoid C. Hyoid D. Incus 4. Bones serve many crucial functions. www.kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/bones.html Which of these is NOT a function of human bones? A. Protecting internal organs www.kidport.com/reflib/science/humanbody/SkeletalSystem/ B. Filtering harmful materials from the body HumanSkeletonIndex.html C. Storing important minerals D. Supporting the body 5. How many bones are located in the human hand? A. 15 B. 23 C. 27 D. 31 2 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019

Hi, Kids! uaTidaannnwosehaintidnpDeotvisdttSsnesrreoeShpeovrklrnfimeeeaiamrssyyndiarsnrrtoogeiv,odiesgmndnuntituusegtcaiiosnnimhrely“nnilitdsns,Cak.etshtpcidehoshsiot“eeTtsni’Whefsecoatnhiestimwheneayi“ihelmeicaAplodhwmeltsUyoeupvardoiearrpiooonv1rilltonhrnuleisl8peatnsdntsna?0uen”cae.”dbnbadt0hnrTtet.ltosststieahshSc.ohInkemilalateessteRystana’h.asesedtWlmodpltraeTealehavorddsdorhaornweirolesvnntgoaelslhihdytgWpoobcsdsi..hvkoapeo”tmheimlugnheiararsttesee.ntoeketsmtlerhLheehhvHneaeosoeiminv.ceawocwsetervaueeAnesntaisienyesblnnemast.aeirtssvdmcomnvaP,iiehremsaeratceehfcldeeinsirilass’ytaassdliiisfrlnodbie,w,rnlaneoodonmansunscwmedytutiasiarlssctiltnt,phbhhapagdroetatoriweaaenoryvsslrcoteeostii.clrpehvntaseeemlsdpegronscovetibetrirvlzeneemmnsesnt Until next month, Did You HELP! Truman Lost His Hat! KNOW? Maybe you can help him find it & The Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. WIN A PLUSH MINI- According to the Appalachian Trail TRUMAN OR PUPPET!* Conservancy, the trail stretches across 14 states from Maine to Georgia. The total Somewhere in this Kidsville News! length of the trail is 2,192 miles. is Truman’s small red hat! Millions of visitors traverse all or This hat will not be on Truman. a portion of the trail every year. Many thru-hikers attempt to hike the entirety Find only his red hat! Send us the of the trail in a single season, beginning either at the trailhead at Springer *Subject to form below for a chance to win! Mountain, Georgia, or Mount Katahdin, availability. Maine. Those who have hiked the trail TLthhaesetnnmaemxotneitsohsf’ustehheoafwt KwiniadnssevorisnllwepiaNlgleebwe1s9i!n. estimate it typically takes five to seven months to do so in its entirety. Most September Winners of a Mini-Truman hikers can average about 3 miles an hour and will travel 12 to 24 miles a day. Bryant Junior Carter Suggs of Florence of Tuscumbia The highest elevation of the trail can be found at Clingmans Dome on the Pick yours up at the Courier Journal Office 219 W. Tennessee St., Florence Tennessee/North Carolina border. The lowest point on the trail snakes through Email to [email protected], Bear Mountain State Park in New York. Mail or bring entry to us by Oct. 25 Although the Appalachian Trail Hat on pg. _________ Your Name Phone is a very long hiking trail, many day mail to: Address hikers do portions of it only and still Kidsville News! Town can respectfully say they’ve hiked this 219 W. Tennessee St. School historic trail. Florence, AL 35630 October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 3

This Page Brought To You By: TshyesUtenmitoedf gSotvateersnmanedntits The United States of America • The federal government has three • State governments are pretty is a federalist system of branches: executive, legislative and powerful, too. According to the 10th government. Federalism judicial. Amendment in the U.S. Constitution, includes the decentralization of all of the powers not given to the power, this means the governing • The executive branch consists of federal government belong to the state control goes to both the national the president, vice president and governments. government and state governments. cabinet members. They carry out In the United States, this is broken the laws. The legislative branch • Most local governments have a two- down into federal, state and local has the two houses of Congress: part government of counties and cities. powers. The Senate and the House of Representatives. This branch • Local governments often control The Founding Fathers believed that makes laws. The judicial branch parks, police and fire departments, spreading power among different is made up of the Supreme Court emergency medical services, municipal levels of leadership would protect and other federal courts, who courts, garbage collection and street American citizens. They believed this interpret laws. maintenance. system would ensure no individual or group had too much power or could • Most state governments abuse their power, as in the way the also have the executive, British king treated the American legislative and judicial colonies. Here are some important branches. facts to remember about our federal, state and local powers: www.britannica.com/topic/federalism obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/state-and-local-government 4 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019

Colbert County’s Send It Hey Kids! Truman again. I want Fun family Newspaper YOUR ORIGINAL ART WORK, LETTERS & POEMS! We may print 219 W. Tennessee St. Florence, AL 35630 them in a later issue or use them on our website! Just have your 256-764-4268 parents fill out this form and send it with your work to: EDITOR & PUBLISHER Kidsville News! • 219 W. Tennessee St. • Florence, AL 35630 Thomas V. Magazzu [email protected] KIDSVILLE COORDINATOR Andrea L. Gray [email protected] GRAPHIC DESIGNERS Russell Roden Jim Allen Gwyn Jones ADVERTISING EXECUTIVES Name Age Judy Cox Sadonna Magazzu ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTORS Dr. David R. Curott Lee Freeman Billy Ray Warren Patricia J. Weaver Address City KIDSVILLE NEWS! PRODUCED BY State Zip School Merrigold Publications Where did you get your copy of Kidsville News!? School Library NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Other? MERRIGOLD PUBLICATIONS Your Signature (This is my own work) Bill Bowman Send your drawing in color and on UNLINED PAPER bbowmanupandcomingweekly.com Parent’s or Guardian’s Signature (Permission) NATIONAL EDITOR Stephanie Crider [email protected] CAN NOT PRINT WITHOUT THIS SIGNATURE ILLUSTRATOR Cover & Truman - Dan Nelson KIDSVILLENEWS LITERACY & EDUCATION FOUNDATION www.kidsvillenewsfoundation.com [email protected] ©Copyright 2019 Merrigold Publications, All Rights Reserved. Truman is a service mark of Kidsville News! Inc., and the Kidsville News! logo is a registered trademark of Kidsville News! Inc. No part of this issue of Kidsville News! may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission of the publisher or the copyright holder. Neither participating advertisers nor the publishers will be responsible or liable for misinformation, misprints, or typographical errors. The publishers reserve the right to edit any submitted material. Kidsville News! Inc. is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, artwork, or other material. Children’s submissions should include name, address, telephone number, and permission to publish signed by a parent or guardian. Product Printed by TN Valley Media Florence, AL Do you know about... 6723 The Roman Army Mile /,77(5 If you’re marching in step and <RXU6KRDOV marking time the left foot strikes the <RXU&KRLFH ground, a mile will be 1,000 drumbeats. October 2019 THOMAS W. JOEL R. McCUTCHEON HAMNER www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals CALL US 256-333-5000 2210 Helton Drive, Florence www.MHatty.com “No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers.” Kidsville News! 5

Military Animals Animals have been an important part of human Hannibal and Alexander the Great used elephants because they terrified opponents life for thousands of years. They have also and stood up against spears. They can also charge at 20 mph and can carry large played a huge part in the militaries of many amounts of heavy material. Iraqi troops used elephants in 1987, marking their last countries. use in battle. The elephants transported • Wojtek is a 600-pound brown bear who heavy weaponry to the battlefield. • To fight back against war elephants, Roman served in the Polish military in World soldiers and Alexander the Great used war War II. Soldiers from the 22nd Transport pigs. It seems the elephants were frightened Left: Company’s Artillery Division in the of the pigs. Wojtek sits Polish 2nd Corps adopted him. The • In 1960, the United States Navy started in front of soldiers found the cub in 1942 while they working with dolphins. It started to train a soldier. were prisoners of war. Wojtek helped dolphins to find underwater mines. Once they located mines, the animals would to transport artillery during battles, but release buoys so the Navy could safely remove them. Dolphins have also been most importantly, he helped the soldiers trained to protect harbors by bumping into enemy divers. stay positive during difficult times. After • In the 1930s and 1940s, the U.S. Navy tried to create pigeon-guided missiles. It was the war, Wojtek lived out the rest of his called Project Pigeon. American behaviorist life in Scotland. B.F. Skinner created it. He wanted pigeons • Sir Nils Olav is a penguin in the Norwegian to peck at targets on a screen to control a Right: Royal Guard. He is a Colonel-in-Chief and missiles flight path. The project ended in Kriegselephanten im a knight. Sir Nils was adopted in 1972 and Kampf mit Daciern given the title lance corporal. Over the years, 1953. und Sarmaten. [War the penguin has risen through the ranks — elephants in battle with Dacians and thanks to his good behavior and impeccable Sarmatians.] Creator uniform. He wears the insignia on his right Leutemann, H. flipper, as there are no full uniforms in his (Heinrich), 1824-1905 size. • Elephants participated in battle for time.com/4731787/wojtek-the-bear-history/ hundreds of years. Famous generals like mentalfloss.com/article/49846/sir-nils-olav-norway’s-penguin-knight www.businessinsider.com/unbelievable-instances-of-animals-in-military-2015-12#bat-bombs-5 The president of the United • Now, the president throws Days to States has many roles. One a formal dinner to honor remember of them is being the nation’s important visiting heads of in October chief diplomat. A diplomat is state and dignitaries. a person who is appointed by a • Inviting these foreign officials Oct. 2, 1967 Thurgood country to represent the country is a key sign of friendship Marshall (1908-1993) and protect its interests around and is vital to keeping good was sworn in as the the world. Usually, diplomats alliances and open negotiations. first African American have specific instructions on what • The state dinner was first held associate justice of the their goals should be. They go to in the White House in 1902 by U.S. Supreme Court. He foreign countries and negotiate President Roosevelt. served until 1991 and important topics like trade or • The guest list often includes championed free speech sharing technologies. The president American artists and and civil rights. is the most important diplomat celebrities. Oct. 21, 1879 Thomas in the country. When he meets • The official state dinner room Edison successfully tested with foreign leaders, he is always can seat 140 people. an electric incandescent representing and negotiating for the • President Nixon had a state lamp with a carbonized interests of the United States. One dinner to honor the Apollo 11 filament at his laboratory of the ways that presidents can do astronauts. in Menlo Park, New this is through state dinners. Some • Beyoncé performed at a state Jersey, keeping it lit for facts about state dinners are: dinner in 2010. over 13 hours. • State dinners are an American • Traditionally, the first lady Oct. 31 Halloween, or tradition that has happened for and her staff are in charge of All Hallow’s Eve, is centuries. planning the event. an ancient celebration • The first president to host a • It is considered a great honor to combining the Christian state dinner that included a receive an invitation to a state festival of All Saints with foreign leader as a guest was dinner. autumn festivals. the 18th president, Ulysses S. • State dinners in modern times Grant. range in cost from $200,000 to October 2019 • President Grant invited $500,000 each. King David Kalakaua of the • The most expensive state Sandwich Islands, now known dinner was in 2009 and was as the state of Hawaii. held in honor of Indian Prime • Grant’s dinner had 29 courses Minister Manmohan Singh, and only 36 guests. and it cost $572,187. • Thomas Jefferson served mac • American taxpayers pay for wwwwwwwww...swsmthatiitethe.ghsooovnu/isdaeinhsmcisoatvoger.rycdo.oimprgl/os/tmmhaae-rcwty-/hndieitwpe-lsoh/mboruaisecefy--1hst0ias1tt/oep-redyoi-npstnlaeet/r1e-7d0i3n4n1e.rhst- a m1n8d09c6h88 e 6e5s/e at a state dinner. these dinners. 6 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals

The TM View Local kids What does a Cowboy let us know.... do? They ride on horses and Do YOU want to be here? lasso bad guys. Go to page 21 and fill out... Jacolbi The TM View Howell Graves Kindergarten They ride on horses. Brooklyn Howell Graves Kindergarten October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 7

A Sea Turtle Guardian Below: Mari Armstrong team members 1. Please tell our readers a little about yourself, including your name and vocation. educating the public at inventory My name is Mari Armstrong. I have been a volunteer member of the Garden City/Surfside Beach Sea Turtle Loggerhead tracks and Guardians for nine years. Our team is part of South nest site, found during Carolina United Turtle Enthusiasts, commonly known as S.C.U.T.E. We protect and rescue sea turtles along morning patrol the South Carolina coast under the direction and permits given to us by the South Carolina Department of Natural October 2019 Resources. 2. Why do sea turtles need guardians? Right: eggs in a nest. Nest is Sea turtles have lived on the earth since the beginning usually 3 ft deep. Mother sea of time. There was a time when they were not protected, turtle digs and covers the and humans hunted them for food and to make money hole with her back flippers. from their beautiful shells. There were fewer and fewer sea turtles because of this. The government began Eggs are the size of a ping programs to protect the sea turtles, and we are part of pong ball. that effort. There are still some countries in the world that do not protect sea turtles. 3. What do you do as a sea turtle guardian? “Turtle Season” is from May 1 to Oct. 31. We have a volunteer team of men, women and teenagers who walk 8 miles of beach at sunrise every morning. We look for large turtle tracks coming up from the water and a nesting area where the mother sea turtle has laid 80-140 eggs during the night. When we find the nest, we mark it off and place a sign on it asking it not be disturbed. We then check on the nest every morning for the next 45-70 days, looking for predators that may be trying to get into the nest. We also are looking for many little baby turtle tracks leaving the nest. They usually do this at night when the sand is cooler and no one is around. Three days after the nest has hatched, we do an inventory of the nest. That’s when we dig up the eggs and count them to see how many baby turtles made it out. All year long, we also take sick or injured sea turtles to the Sea Turtle Hospital in Charleston, South Carolina. Sometimes we get to help release them back into their ocean home when they are well many months later. 4. What kind of special training does it take to be a sea turtle guardian? When a new person becomes a Sea Turtle Guardian, they receive months of training on the beach with other team members. The education is “on the job training.” We learn new things about the turtles. 6. What is your favorite thing about your work? We have many favorite things about what we do! We love watching a young person see a baby turtle for the first time. We love teaching children about these amazing animals because they are future guardians. We love seeing a sea turtle swim away; they belong in the ocean and are going home. 7. What do you wish everyone knew about sea turtles www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals and how to protect them? Sea turtles are very important to our planet. They need a clean ocean, a clean, quiet beach away from houses and people. They need people not to bother them when they come up to nest because they will get scared and go back into the ocean without laying a nest. If they cannot nest, they will drop their eggs in the ocean, and those hatchlings will be lost. Most of all, sea turtles need us to respect them and let them do what they know how to do all on their own. 8 Kidsville News!

What’s the Difference? There are 8 THINGS that are different in these two pictures. Di erences: 1. Color of shirt 2. Color of cello 3. Color of music stand 4. Eyebrows missing 5. Hair di erent color Answers 6. Eyebrows di erent colors 6. Color of bow tie 7. Freckles missing from guy on the right 9. Color in background on Page gone. 8. Color of stool he is sitting on. 23 October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 9

Answer on Pg. 23 Florence • Sheffield • Killen The Professor Says To Spread The Word! “Shop Smarter!” If you really want to know what you’re getting, get it from someone local. No passwords, security risks, or outrageous shipping fees to worry about. And it’s safer, faster, more reliable, and less expensive! 219 W. Tennessee Street Buy Local, Florence Sell Local 256-764-4268 www.courierjournal.net Come Out & Play Winter is harsh in Poland, so when summer comes around, everyone wants to spend as • A Dzialka Garden is an allotment garden. It is much time outdoors as possible. In the past, many wealthy families in Poland would have a summer cottage in the countryside that they would visit during the summer. These a small parcel of land in the city that is used for cottages would have large cultivated gardens that the wealthy visited to help them relax. When people started moving to the cities in Poland, it became clear to them that living in the gardening and relaxing outside. city was affecting their health. There was also a large increase in the number of poor people living in the cities. • Dzialkowanie, the art of cultivating and relaxing To try to help improve the health of the population, Polish officials gave low-income families land for gardens so they could grow food and get fresh air. Today, many Polish 1on a small piece of land, is a national pastime in people live in cities, and while fewer people can afford summer homes, they still want to enjoy the outdoors during the summer. For many people, that means utilizing space in a Poland. Dzialka garden. Here are some fun things to know about these garden retreats: • Often, there will be many gardens in a single area called a collective. It is like a neighborhood of gardens. • There are almost 1 million of these gardens in 2 Poland. • There is also a very long waiting list of people wanting a garden of their own. • They range from 50 to 500 square meters. 3• People compete to see who can grow the most exotic fruits and vegetables. • The very first collection of these gardens appeared 4in 1899 in the city Grudziadz. • Dzialka owners have an anthem titled “Zielona Rzeczpospolita,” which means “Green Republic. • It was written in 1936 by Sofia Drwecka- Doeringowa. • Some of these gardens have small cottages on them where families can keep supplies and make simple meals. • The average allotment can produce 992 pounds of www.csmonitor.com/1987/0818/hplot.html vegetables and 396 pounds of fruit. culture.pl/en/article/grow-your-own-beetroot-polands-allotment-culture polanding.wordpress.com/2013/05/27/the-phenomena-of-ogrodki-dzialkowe-the-polish-garden-allotment/ • Some experts think that these gardens produce more than those of Polish farmers. 10 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019

Amber’s origins Amber is hardened tree resin. • The Polish city of Gdansk is famous for its amber. • The oldest amber in the world is 320 million years old. Forty million years ago, tree • The craftsmen in Gdansk created an entire room made • The fossils trapped in amber have helped scientists sap dripped from ancient trees of amber, and it was considered one of the wonders of discover extinct ancient species. the world in the 1700s. • Scientists have tried to extract ancient DNA from and landed in the soil. Over many years • They made it for the King of Prussia, Frederic I. and under the right circumstances, • Amber is considered a gem. insects trapped in amber. • Amber has 300 different shades and seven main the tree sap hardened into a gem-like • Ancient Egyptians thought amber represented the colors. Most amber is yellow to orange, while blue fossil called amber. Most amber is a Tears of Ra, the sun god. Many Egyptian tombs and green are very rare. yellowish-orange color and translucent, contained amber from as long ago as 3200 B.C. • Amber floats in saltwater. or clear. Sometimes other ancient life, like mosquitoes and ants, got trapped in the resin. As it hardened, the amber preserved these insects. Humans have treasured amber for its beauty for thousands of years. Today, Poland, a large country in central Europe, is known for producing the best and most amber anywhere in the world. The country’s ties with amber have a long history. Note these interesting facts about amber: The oldest evidence of humans using amber was found in Poland, dating back 6,000 years. Early people in Poland used amber to carve amulets and small animal figurines. According to Polish myth, amber came from the sea goddess Jurata. Her palace under the sea was created entirely of amber, but because Jurata fell in love with a mortal, the god Perkun destroyed her palace with a lightning bolt. The Polish people believe that her destroyed palace washed up from the bottom of the sea as pieces of amber www.bc.com.pl/amber/ and that all amber comes from this event. culture.pl/en/article/amber-poland-a-history-crafted-in-resin en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-mesolithic-period/magical-amber-animals/what-is-amber/ Hello! Attention Kids & Teachers Too! This is Truman From Kidsville News! I WANT YOUR STUDENTS’ ORIGINAL ARTWORK OR 1.1Ws.1hW.sheWohaeuhethptaeedt?otnpode?tyhaooet,uyrwaocbhuabolilctpaaaanilhdlda?atphpheyadpbupackbyywbeanbt y POEMS TO BE PRINTED ON PAGE 12 IN Kidsville News! 2. I2f .yWouhradt doigd kthisesreusg ysaoyu,towthheatfldooor? Send ItFLuanudfaemrdialyleNCeowusnptayp’esr YOUR ORIGINAL ARTHey Kids! Truman again. I want Your Artwork Or Poem 43O..243cWWyot...345oobtIWW...yohehhfurWWWacttotehoyay2ahrhhucer0ithhhnotcae1ayahayy9mdaodurcr mltteirulaaaddaraydmdrierrirtdttbkleids?t?oeihdlidaaactaonmihttbk?ytblheg?olheoeeoeaansyrmomksbksqf?ekiieavaouhs?merietrmostth-soieeahkweaAabnu?msasntnonlhlsklayde?oiwkewrokabeeedyrunodssed,-?oaorpownykgowwPouhtnswoanawagd.tetkyhi2ddes3tvooillentAehFhwreehsKa.sJchhiopduhfmaAssohar/vtiSrsnhreihmlfd!n,lAoeitaljollMuonNso srueptPtgawSLugtsaeehE! rendP5i“ldFaeSonaOfesIsnettiRdhg!hinMIsativt”e,WORK, LETTERS & POAEBMetSte!rMWikaeyA RTBoaeBtntedetratelWlr,aGyraTdoeB2s5e!6t-t2e7r8G-2r3a4d2es!CAN NOT PRINT WITHOUT THIS SIGNATURETA2hR1no9umdDRsrWkaseBrisJecAaI..EiSAalDhVNlJTDKltlDLnDeaDu.AegSRBrip.arMdvcnTIiDNhvoGod©vsRmeTntyIbroaaCbtEOwidapaeAInerseyrIdrpuodOBACngourTkCts2eeuNbprLeaRmhtbemTibalypsuMerminso5.eIRlyrPRreAsapoeiLfizoPcThasiIsrOCrgo6sfdpSohkeezPLOhHCkss.nx.rtNunoprEir-tIsusosooooPa&cihnyNciiSd2S7CarWfeenSbgsMrrNdpAIsnnd0veidisetlnikrygevbl6kets1cutCsC•AedJhIihiusileder.iaA6rAurndokdletPwThcdP•r4rtlhNoleirvoheroIskiorrFfiwpaebOeWthniLRmibevolUt-uIrdLDcUyeDitoiwohlPNic•rsalkPbdle4h&IttRgOlolrdktoahbadlfdboiausaeOtSL8eBtplreSvls2iCEetnawrwilBeJelomEpeAoePhfAii@EtrnirNbNnssnr•[email protected]!gonTeOeblurtt.eNSl,LellSaJ@sulncnktwhniarmee8AkpenUiPaNclIcIardeutniIocimegnnXUtsdDin.epIDSnciseieNiSIuiethlirt!tLtsodckoperoocniLhwklgSldngder.osSnonsdasWraIOda,EebimetHC@ieauneEuaIsrLitTniyi,.ergsstmdTtsi!c.mnaydardHvSrdfNruchtN@Erir.pnnistCvaoImAApaEtaEnCaeeociRtneadyicNRirrskTnTtarE,aieimrceieDinhacedtEuanAtvItaoeeERpaLhN.c@nhTulnnteikii@,sULsIaysAtrdhcphAarlyhtdtcpiatvAevGpitdeBnIjRilir-iseearnjROpILlahTEofr.iou3ltTsodaoeeoatrTleoTckepbethOlteBTkanknTbetriteDesUrtPtvwehuR5,rihWsmSrsOmtusioaiOrienransOsmesredE,inIr,iiMoNfedLdiv6griAgnsoetaarelnttyewiTwnvslsrshnvthetel,rsRRasa3ashlineRnSlatnapulitiEnnbpwdiufEmFdeliaswltyavevOrealsgh0FswhnvpnaEliregthotRNbtmaonlnehisotierDfLirrNsvsvslut.heOJrrloWkaNdatsRlshsoisotiSoTtnes.teKrnlfetnte,i,unliIeoeescnvoepIuieieeeovooheuoeerwaUewretecTeksSevaTrnrMiacarnhnkenlraaooutensaslerntweonmomo,punsdul!yfEdestNaekt.raOgtenanmenpeAhdn.io,kkh.loswdumyoirilse,ooTiRssbtdacswllriDieNagrnRNdgtotiedsrd.reiepoportttuoomoarscscfsanutahaApnl,.hamdvsvAnasAxpi.retafemoawlseiiihuolpceho.tailrslnsiAeypluarlgCfhcinsoimeoedorTcrakunnxceatliydvaiohoenbNa,nNiEmpmsetyaSlpel.lliIcehmrgepne.eiealmac.eerRsrtrOlppqwwCrncgcemhlctesrUueosekggiishosee&o,ebasihatu!i!trroNirdasoptmlmlsvsresIheaiTcmdmsit.nsntiireenwhriuciohreTigNcneaei.naeendeef.iyhnniadsiielrdegiele’idtlvsicnsnoNtUrgeniKsiachtoaetnnectrlAltsoispnbflerayosctsgxeddhso.shxc,isderoorampo;wviSWlsuatsuysyetwtmudeeoroptetvynes.gtiepmdsleYrrehrlteiiphdPNesarsaashesonloeido.nonlPe,inlicctafdixAfetsi,anuunatlhrtrreynnoayNnosseernSsrexnoggNthwasdfoAeasidrerhiseSesfrsleoednendl,.twtelrpicifestyw.oiopDalxgrdsera’lrclotsspnariyatphdmay!oeehanygracoleubtrtebyonrostrcvuuetaohcucnairaesrghueesdreGytntessebgmAsuakt,jhumoseoociducrnoNarc(nitfbteid.eaTsehvoErcsdrdTrdeoeWwadhppyroifEdhlfyioiesiusosrruSaosi…ttxpansuussolnreiteugkrdudio’am,Znsssisiternnedcy•.ieod,spmSoafypt2inygohyd1nuoe9aorwsmtfenWudAnroKrw.ednaidBowTo(isretiPevuknetin)grwltrlneemiwCeitnrsiehlNsOusWb•cseenbyoiQsseowaaoluZSieonvtasyure!rSc)l!eiv,rr?hatie!Tatcgo.dwoJhWene,o,eFod•ul•iCBusernsAll,loukFyetfaNfbnoSmtSltoihrOtcZOtdocraUroeaa!enhteWybes:vCNh’rostlnneueieoecLlGtpd•derlIeyIyeraN?NrTn,NodiuoatntsuiEoLATdntiorrDmsLgHen•gpsi-E3PSnrT!oceA5R-vShrhm6ePoEHAooE3tACwmlgw-O0RoBLeowneaTAtlswrLetOaetLu.icdctbRettlSsuCror®-!b•uragzriFrrrtniarucyedguteoelusCrmiionnn•gsjI.OSuucnAolsTtntTamYuet/6oiA-t/o0oOuCn-ror9Tnir0HnTe-eOndgosc.atnm.ey.Peser!e!p Here 3124....A IncBAAsrehecpwamaaoeverouremsscr:aaeyh312lntl...AsiodhnttBAAstemelboyocpweefmaoeolaerctouwrpasscrr:hth.eiyhomh435tl...psbbeil.htdTtHHtiemeelheehvyoergeiemheyodlgascwekaa.sdihhtdy.titmodoyp,btu.srtokeithattttmletiye.esenatrisy,opnsacuaebntsrduaictm.tuflrtioplmyplqeuaiscuklrey., 11 Your Name cream and beat the eggs 4. I have a lot of problems. Kidsville News!

12 Kidsville News! Want Your ARTWORK Hello! Sponsor this Or Your POETRY here? page... Send it to us. and reach all Shoals area students in We’ll print it in a future issue. K-6th grade, parents, and their teachers www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Fill Out the in this award-winning Angelyn Tallant 7 Sheffield fun, family newspaper. Send It Please call Tom at form 256-740-4701 on page 5! for more information. FeObcrtuoabreOyrct2o0b1e9Fr OCTOBER

FeOF2bec0rtbu1or9abureayrry2021091 9 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY Many event listings 1 23 4 5 courtesy of STEAM Squad 4pm Story Time 10:30am Lego Club 3pm Tuscumbia Kids’ Workshop 9am Shoals Kids.net Florence Library City Schools Home Depot Visit ShoalsKids.net for M.S. Library Children’s Museum Homecoming Early Dismissal 11:30 a listing of more fall events!. Events subject ABC’s Under The Trees Throwback Thursday First Fridays 5pm Observe The Moon Night 10:30am Flor. Library 4pm Florence Library Downtown Florence 7pm UNA Planetarium to change, so please contact the venue for the most up-to-date scheduling. 6 78 9 10 11 12 Toddler Time 11am Lego Club 3pm Sensory Friendly Toddler Time 1pm SkyZone Muscle Shoals AND Youth Acting Time Noon SkyZone Helen Keller Library Children’s Museum Sheffield City Workshop 11am Ritz www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals 13 ABC’s Under The Trees Throwback Thurs. 4pm Schools - No School Theatre 10:30am Flor. Library Fall Family Night 5:30pm for Students 20 Lego Build 2pm Florence Libirary Babies Love The Library Florence Library 27 10:30am Flor. Library AL Renaissance Faire 14 15 STEAM 16 17 18 19 Noon Wlison Park Squad 4pm ABC’s Under The Trees Let’s Go Fishing Story Time 10:30am Young Learners Colbert County Flor. Lib. 10:30am Flor. Library 6:30am Diebert Park Helen Keller Library Series 11am Florence And Sheffield Pre-K Art 10:30am Indian Mound City Schools Colbert County Children’s Museum Lego Club 3pm Babies Love The Library Schools No School for Story Time 10:30am Children’s Museum 10:30am Flor. Library Saturday Stories 11am & FCaMllSBCrleosaekd 1:30pm Flor. Lib. Students M.S. Library Witches Ride Story Time 5pm Florence Libirary Muscle Sholas City & Tuscumbia City Toddler Time 11am Lego Build 2pm Flor. Lib. Schools Fall Break SkyZone 21 22 23 24 25 26 AL Renaissance ABC’s Under The Trees Faire 10am 10:30am Flor. Library Countdown to K! Babies Love The Library Wlison Park Toddler Time 1pm Pre-K Art 10:30am 10:30am M.S. Library 10:30am Flor. Library Helen Keller Library Children’s Museum Terrific 2’s 10:30am Story Time 10:30am Auditions For the Best STEAM Squad 4pm Helen Keller Library Christmas Pageant Ever Harry Potter(y) Florence Library Story Time 10:30am Throwback Thurs. 4pm Homeschool Hop 6pm Artsy Place M.S. Library Florence Library 2pm Ritz Theatre 29 3pm SkyZone Mickey’s Halloween 28 5:30pm Underwood STEAM Squad 4pm Petersville Comm. Center Toddler Time 1pm Florence Library Kidsville News! 13 Helen Keller Library Trunk Or Treat 30 31 Halloween Festival 6pm Killen Park Halloween 5:30pm & 7pm M.S. ABC’s Under The Trees Trunk Or Treat Library 10:30am Flor. Library 5pm Downtown Trunk Or Treat 6pm Story Time 10:30am Downtown Sheffield Tuscumbia M.S. Library

Measure the Earth Solstice) in a town called Syene, which was 500 miles south of You know the Earth is large because it takes Alexandria. On the first day of so long to travel around it, even by jet plane. Summer (June 21) in Alexandria, he put a You may also recall that it takes the space stick in the ground and noted a shadow was station, or any Earth satellite carrying astronauts going around the Earth, at 17,000 miles per hour, about 1½ hours to circumnavigate (go around) our planet. So they cast about travel about 7.2 degrees 1½ hours times from vertical 17000 mph or (1/50th of 25,000 miles. a complete Incidentally circle). they are only a couple Eratosthenes reasoned that if 7.2 ° (1/50 of the full circle) hundred miles corresponds to an arc of 500 miles, then a full circle would be 50 high so that’s times farther. He arrived at the full circumference being 50 times approximately 500 miles or 25000 miles which differs from the modern value by the Earth’s less than 1%. An extraordinary achievement. I have converted circumference. his ancient units of stadia to modern miles. At a normal walking speed of 3 miles per hour, it would take over 3 years for you to walk 25000 miles if you walked 8 hours every day. The actual circumference at the equator is 24,901 miles according to Wikipedia. It’s interesting to know that the metric unit of length, the meter, was originally defined to be 1/10,000,000 the distance from pole to equator; i.e. that made the Earth’s circumference 40,000 kilometers in metric units. During a Lunar Eclipse, the Earth’s shadow moves across the surface of the moon. You can plainly see, in this photo, that the Earth’s shadow is curved which indicates the Earth is a sphere. You may be surprised to learn that, over two thousand years ago, the ancient Greeks had noticed that the Earth Christopher Columbus knew of Eratosthenes’ size of the Earth was “round” (a sphere) and a Greek but chose to believe instead that the Earth was much smaller. That astronomer named Eratosthenes is why Columbus thought he had reached even made a remarkably good calculation of its circumference. Asia and called the indigenous peoples Think about this a moment. How do you think Eratosthenes “Indians”. was able to do this? He had no Our brain has amazing abilities, airplanes or spacecraft, and no provided we use it! pictures from space; certainly no GPS. He was only able to travel a few © 2019 Dr. David R. Curott, UNA hundred miles, not around the Earth. Professor Emeritus Eratosthenes lived in Alexandria, a town in northern Egypt. Well, he was very observant. He heard that a vertical stick, in the ground, casts no shadow at noon on the first day of Summer (the Summer 14 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019

2019 Coloring Contest Entrant information must be completed to qualify. 3 Age Groups: 2-4 • 5-7 • 8-10 TOP 3 WINNERS IN EACH AGE GROUP RECEIVE: Child’s Name Age Entry Deadline: THURS., OCT. 24 NOON State Large 1 Topping Address Winners will be announced in the Courier Journal Pizza Oct. 30 issue & the November Issue of Kidsville News. City from Domino’s Phone Drawings are judged by our staff on the Number basis of talent of the child’s age ability. And A Special Trick-or-Treat IT MUST BE COLORED BY THE CHILD. Pumpkin Filled With Goodies! Winners are not selected at random. One entry per person. One winner per family. You may also download and print this entry form from our website: www.courierjournal.net Mail or Bring Entries to: Halloween Coloring Contest • Courier Journal • 219 W. Tennessee St. • Florence, AL 35630 Cut Here Excellent Service, Expert Advice Mike Randall, REALTOR® 1909 Florence Blvd., Florence, AL 35630 Associate Broker (across from Hobby Lobby) 256.366.9779 [email protected] 256-767-3337 mikerandallhomes.com www.ExcelAL.com October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 15

By Lee Freeman, Florence-Lauderdale Public Library, Local History - Genealogy Department What follows is a very basic introduction to the complicated art of given to colors such as gules for red, sable for black, azure for blue, vert heraldry. for green and or for gold. How do you recognize a fully-armored knight on the battlefield or in a As time passed, ornate designs were added to the top, sides and bottom tournament? Solving this very practical problem became the impetus for of the shield. What today is popularly termed a “coat of arms” is thus more the creation of heraldry. properly an armorial or heraldic “achievement” and consists of a shield The first recorded formal use of heraldry (the science of creating, accompanied by a warrior’s helmet, the mantling which protects his neck registering and regulating coats of arms, named after the medieval heralds, from the sun (usually slashed fancifully to suggest its having been worn who oversaw it) was in 1127, when English King Henry I (r. 1100-1135) in battle), the wreath which secures the mantling and crest to the helmet, presented his son- and the crest itself in-law, Geoffrey, (the term for the Count of Anjou device above the (1113-1151), helmet, not a with a shield synonym for the emblazoned with arms). Additions a coat of arms to the achievement (a blue shield may include with six lioncels, badges, mottoes, as lions were supporters, and a called when crown or coronet. more than three Since in were depicted medieval Europe on a shield), (ca. 410-ca. 1500) at Geoffrey’s women were not wedding to the Empress Matilda Left, coat of arms of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou fighters hence (their son became (1113-1151), the first recorded coat of arms. It the English would be read as azure, six lioncels, or (on a blue ineligible for King Henry II). field, six gold lioncels). Right, a diagram of a heraldic achievement. knighthood, they could not use shields, but would Geoffrey’s coat of arms was passed to his grandson, and then in turn to his instead display their family devices on a lozenge, a diamond-shaped great-granddaughter, though typically a coat of arms would be inherited field. Nor could women inherit, use or transmit crests or mottos, helmets by the eldest son, who would pass it down through the generations through or mantling (the figures and designs surrounding the shield). Unmarried the eldest male descendants of a particular family line. Thus coats of arms daughters bore upon a lozenge the paternal arms and quarterings (a shield trace back to individuals, not families. There might therefore be several or lozenge was typically divided into four sections called quarters) of completely different coats-of-arms for a given surname. This means one their father, with his difference marks (which showed whether he was a has to research back to his or her original ancestor (or progenitor) and see first, son, second son, etc.). If their mother were a noblewoman, then her if he had a coat of arms. If your ancestors were peasants or commoners arms were quartered with those of her husband. In England no distinction they probably never had a coat of arms, though the monarchy could grant of seniority was made between daughters, as was done with sons, hence commoners the right to bear arms in certain exceptional situations, such daughters bore the difference marks of their father. A widow would bear as for some important service performed for the crown. her late husband’s arms on a lozenge impaled with those of her own family. Knights, the original professional soldiers in medieval Europe, and (An unmarried noblewoman was somebody, as was a widowed dowager; other noblemen originally chose simple geometric designs easily seen, however there were no rules for how a married woman displayed arms but were soon choosing designs that spoke to their character or some because married women had no real identity apart from their husbands prominent physical trait, or a play on their family name, or sometimes in medieval Europe. In certain European countries, such as Great Britain, a clever joke or pun in French or Latin. Originally, these symbolic it is illegal to display a coat of arms one is not genealogically or legally designs were painted on to a knight’s shield (the design on the shield entitled to. being referred to as the arms), but soon came to be sewn onto surcoats, before the advent of plate armor the loose-fitting, un-sleeved cloth tunics or coats worn over a knight’s chainmail from the late 12th to the 14th centuries, hence the term coat of arms. Coats of arms were also routinely sewn onto banners, pennons and standards; in battle a king or a knight would rally his men-at-arms to his standard or banner. A specialized language for reading a coat of arms also soon developed. Names were 16 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019

By Damon F., KIDS FIRST! Film Critic, age 11 https://youtube/EhS-MbLHafc “The Angry Birds Movie 2” is an amazing sequel My favorite scene about a large group of birds who live on an island called Bird in this movie is when Island. These birds are always trying to fight their rivals, the the three hatchlings green pigs, who live on an opposite island called Pig Island. try to get the eggs off The first “Angry Birds” movie was about how the rivalry a cloud. They miss but between the islands began. In this new movie, a group of keep going up higher aggressive eagles from a third ice-covered island plan to use an and higher. As they elaborate weapon to destroy the birds and pigs. The two enemy leave the planet and islands now must team up to stop the eagles from destroying enter space, the song them both. “Major Tom” by David In this film, there is a subplot about three cute hatchlings who Bowie, starts playing. accidentally lose some eggs while playing around. Throughout This scene is hilarious the movie they are shown trying their best to bring the eggs because the animated back home safely before their parents realize what they have characters are shown done. in front of a realistic Photos © Rovio Entertainment This movie is based on a popular game by Rovio space picture, looking completely out of place. Entertainment called “Angry Birds.” In the game, players, also My favorite character in this film is Chuck. I like him because known as birds, use a giant slingshot to try to get the eggs back he is very fast and almost instantly gets things done. Chuck from the pigs. The slingshot and other items from the game are is also very funny in his possessiveness over his sister. The replicated in the movie with exciting animation. message of this movie is that sometimes you need to work with There are many references to old TV shows and movies in the your enemies to win. film as well. For example, the way Red, the main protagonist of I rate this movie 5 out of 5 stars and recommend it for ages 4 the “Angry Bird” series and leader of the flock, builds his team to 18 because there are jokes that will appeal to both children and is similar to the character introductions found in “Ocean’s 11.” I adults. I think adults will enjoy watching this with their children. found this cool and funny. October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 17

MATHTIME On this spinner, the probability of getting a one is 1/2 or 1 out of 2. What is the probability of For his birthday, getting a 2? Andy gets four pairs of shorts (red, blue, 1 2 black and green) 3 and three new button-up shirts. How many different outfits can Andy make with his new clothes? Answers On Page 23 Fall can be an exciting season, as we go back to school Know these fall weather hazards and anticipate fun fall events such as Halloween and Thanksgiving. But fall also brings dangerous weather a Severe Thunderstorm Watch is issued, Make sure your pets avoid prolonged hazards, and it’s important to be aware of what to watch out for! secure outdoor items such as patio exposure to the cold as well! Make sure Let’s take a look at some of the fall weather hazards. furniture, sports equipment and trash they have a warm, dry place to rest with Drought is a normal feature of our climate. Caused by a lack cans, as even the most common items plenty of food and water. of rain or snow over an extended period, it can happen nearly become dangerous objects when picked everywhere. In some cases, drought can develop relatively up and carried by the wind! This is just a small sample of the many quickly and last only for a very short period of time and can weather dangers we face in the fall. For worsen due to extreme heat and/or wind. If the area you live in Winter hazards also can appear as more information about fall weather is affected by drought, it is important to be vigilant. Conserve early as the fall. When cold weather hazards, please visit www.weather.gov/ water by taking shorter showers, practice fire prevention by hits, it’s important to dress properly. wrn/fall-safety, the National Weather not burning trash or brush and follow instructions from local Bundling up in layers and staying dry is Service’s fall safety website. officials. one of the best things you can do to stay Wildfires are a weather hazard to watch out for in the fall. safe, and avoid getting hypothermia. Wildfire smoke can harm you in multiple ways. Smoke can hurt your eyes, irritate your respiratory system and worsen chronic Do your part. Be prepared this hurricane season. Being prepared can make the difference between heart and lung diseases. If you spot a wildfire, you should walk life and death. To learn more about hurricanes and hurricane safety visit hurricanes.gov or drive away from the fire immediately and call 911 to report it. Hurricanes are an especially dangerous fall weather hazard. The Atlantic hurricane season is from June through November each year, often peaking in September and October. If you live in an area that can be affected by hurricanes, it’s important that your family has an evacuation plan and an emergency supply kit that includes at least three days of food and water per person. Find out more about a family emergency supply kit at ready.gov/ kit. Wind can be a danger as well, as strong storms with whipping winds commonly impact the U.S. during the cooler months. Each year there are reports of trees and powerlines that have been knocked over and homes that have been damaged. Trim trees and shrubs and repair loose siding or shutters around your home well in advance of a storm. When a High Wind Watch or 18 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019

Local History Written by Billy Warren 3. Put on your “thinking cap.” Name three ways that historians help their community. Did You Know? CITCYIOTYF OFLFOFRLEONRCEENCE Historians Fill The Gaps MAMYAOYROSRS Recently, it was decided that it would be very helpful to have an SinceSitnhcee itnhceorpinocroartpioonratoifonFloofrenFcloe,reAnclea,baAmlaab,abmya,anbyacatn oafctthoef AtlhaebaAmlaabama accurate listing of all of the people who have served as Mayor of the LegisLlaetguirselaotnurJeanounaJrayn7u,a1r8y276,,1F8l2o6re, nFcloerheanscebheeanssbeerevnedsebryvetdhebfyotlhloewfoilnlgowMianygoMrsa: yors: City of Florence, along with a notation of each Mayor’s term (or terms) of office. 11111N111111111111111111111N11111188888888888888888888888888888888oo2323355444454366566656567597777892146510074873965541776098371983rree––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––cc11111111N11111111111N1111111111111oo1111111111111111111111111111111188888888888888888888888888888888rr88888888888888888888888889888888oodd332324553445446667666555658779772335433443545666656556650778779769241153074870159746058679937813rr02801835837739214856779613987310ooee––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––ffccoomm11111111111111111111111111111111rrEANGJGJAAWSWWGGSJGWNJAGJNJWZWRWB88888888888888888888888888898888eeddaoaoaaat33244553343456665665556677097787de.eelllnoeeeeeeeeeemhhmmmiiiiiiieee08275873103878626397954108137319bmoottPwaoooooaoadblllllllrnnxxxiiullelellffeeeelnrrrrnrrne.rnnuaiiiiiaaaiyygggggglssssermmHBJdddaaaaaggneornnntweeeeeeoEANJGSWAGGWJWAGANNJWWGZJJSGJWRWBeeemmmmmBBBBTTssldeg.ndddeeaoaaaoiArrrBWWWWWdatde.D..ee.r..lllnoSniieeeeeeeeeeeeAJAemhhmmmiiiiiiiPeeeofbmnnHHHBWRTDnttPwoHHIIaoooooaaoIrrr.dbmelllllllro.nnxxx.....ii.rrr.uclellelld.g.reeeelRnrrrrnrnr.e.rann.HH.H..11uWaavvraviiiiiaaaSSSSSkiOiyy.MgggggglMssssegBrrWHBJdddaaaaadRgRRH8gg8nteiwwoiirinnnnnnnnGetweeeeeeaaaoshcnnneeemmmmmrsBBBBTT3ssl6d’eeg..wndddiiieeeeeo,WaNmmmieAoorrrdkkBWWWWWada9ee3ecccD..eeeWee.r..SniieeeJrAJAmco,,,PeeeaiiskofrnnHHHWBRTDendddddoHHiiirIIIrrrr.meeannko.r.....JSJdlllal..rrri.lcdo.eg.raR.aattt.HH..Hn.11rresssWaaevvrvSSSSSrkOi.MlrMgBrooooW..kdoRgRRH8ry8dt.iwwiiinnnnnGeaaasddnnnhclnnnrs36’ne.wiiieeeeeo,WaeNmmm1eoodkkaa9ee3eccceeeWeeWWWyJrm8co,,,eeeaiiskredddddiiirrea,nn6krJSJdlllal.iloeoooaJatttnr4ressserlrroooo..oookoryd..ddnnndddlne1WWWy8,6oooJ4rooo.ddd 1901 – 11111121111111111111221111111212111211211111111111999999999999099009999999999990990909999999990999995817158312521664700031468518208416151731186604572360118010842194276491441921249441997601480826621410 ––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1111111121112112211111111WAJWBMEWEWRJEWAEJCWWBJDNJS9099999900999999999999990..a.at5148315150868436602717211l.lleoyno.e.HHM.emmllliiaiiii6129088140126149147096424nFblCrdbiiPillllllpMloeeeullllloo.lbeeeirtaHh.iiiiscYsssellSSreyFFFaaaa.Mrellhtw.re..HlJECDMEWJWNBEWEWWBRJJAJAWWS...WSmmiimmFEnEaCiee..a.aLEEHMMMotPt..llleodyl.no..e.eEBHHM.emmlllriiiiaii.redaaAArnHFDEIEbdlCrBudbaiiPillllllliIpaMaaare..A.loieeeussllllool.lp..rbeeillteirritaH.aaHnh.iWiiiiCrrrHttesllocYsGtssserllBBslSSreygFFFaaaa.tttJlMeecreegelleiihotwahn.oriilieo,F..Hol...WSmmiimappmaonnEFnnslaeEnnnanCieedsclLeJEErHrMMMoloPtttnt.,dlll.rr.etdnEBodrss.rkediaaAAnrHSEDIEad.BualiIeaooansaaareo..A.eissrp..rfilltrritaH.aninnnWCrrrrcH.tttelloGtsrBBslgtttJleeceekgeiioahnoiilio,FoappaonnnslaennnndscleJrrolttnt,llrrtdnodsskinSa.eooansoerfrtnnnrc.tk 1910 – 2016 – Florence was founded as a city in March, 1818, but it was not 1912 – incorporated until 1826. So, the list of Mayors begins in 1826 and 1914 – extends to the present day. Before the recent study of Mayors began, 1919 – the existing list started with Florence’s first Mayor, Alexander 1920 – Hamilton Wood (1826-1828), and continued to 1838. 1921 – 1931 – After Mayor George W. Sneed (1837-1838), the list was unreliable 1936 – through 1868. Here’s why: the huge book that contained official 1942 – records from 1840 to 1869 was lost for many years. Finally, a City 1948 – official received word that this really important book had been found 1951 – in another city in Alabama. How did it get there? No one knows for 1954 – sure, but the important thing is that it was finally found and returned 1957 – to Florence! Then, the stage was set for the creation of a complete, 1964 – accurate list of Mayors of the City of Florence. 1966 – 1969 – When a local historian began to read carefully page after page in 1978 – the book, he discovered that every page was handwritten in beautiful 1979 – cursive script, so he said to himself, “I’m really happy that I can read 1980 – cursive writing. If I couldn’t, I would not be able to do this project.” 1981 – 1984 – As he read, he noted these interesting facts which he had not known 2001 – before: 2004 – 1. Through the years, it was not uncommon for a Mayor to serve just a one-year term. 2012 – 2. In the earliest years of the City’s existence, the Lauderdale 2016 – County Sheriff took charge of each election – including the counting of the votes (which were done on paper, not on voting machines as (Source:(SOofufircciea:lOmfifnicuitaelbmoionkusteofbtohoekCs iotfytohfeFCloitryenocfeF.)lorence.) is done today) and declaring the winner. 3. No meetings involving the Mayor and other City leaders were recorded in 1863 and 1864 – probably because everyone was struggling to survive the Civil War. 4. Some Mayors were so popular that they were re-elected several times. 5. Edward A. O’Neal, a lawyer in Florence who was an officer in the Confederate Army, and later the Governor of Alabama, was also Mayor of Florence in 1855-1856. 6. All Mayors of Florence from the first one in 1826 to the present have been men. No lady has yet been elected to this leadership position. Now, back to the title of this month’s article, “Historians Fill the Gaps.” How does a historian do such a thing as fill the gaps? Well, to fill in the gaps of the list of Florence’s Mayors, the historian was very lucky – the missing book was found and returned to Florence. But such a coincidence does not happen often; therefore, a historian must use every means available: explore copies of old records that might be available on micro-film or in digital collections; read old newspapers preserved in a variety of ways; interview older people in the community; make internet searches; etc. Historians enjoy such challenges, even though they might be successful. Do you hope to be a historian? If so, that’s wonderful! Hold on to that dream because historians are needed in so many ways in every community. Perhaps you, too, will be called upon to “fill in the gaps.” SOMETHING TO DO: 1. Write a short paragraph explaining why it’s important for a historian to be able to read cursive writing. 2. Both Edward A. O’Neal and his son, Emmet O’Neal, served as Governors of Alabama. Using a reference source, write the names of another father and son who were Governors of the State. October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 19

A Section Especially for Parents BEGINNER READS How I Became a Pirate By Melinda Long My Animals For ages 3-7 By Xavier Deneux For ages 0-3 Building a sand castle at the beach one day, young Jeremy Jacobs encounters Here, then, is a board book for new- Brain Beard and his motley pirate crew. borns, who will appreciate the stark He joins them aboard ship as their official contrast of the mostly black-and-white digger, and off they sail to find a safe glossy illustrations with just the tiniest place to bury their treasure chest of gold touch of color. Book-sharing adults are and jewels. Jeremy learns pirate drawn to bright colors and flash, but up language (\"Aargh!\") and pirate manners until about six months, babies will gaze (they don't have any) and tries to teach with great concentration and fascina- the scurvy dogs to play soccer. tion on pictures rendered in plain old black and white. Coraline By Neil Gaiman PAGETURNERS For ages 9 and Up Earwig and the Witch Coraline has just moved with her By Diana Wynne Jones parents to a flat in a big old house For ages 7 and Up where the other tenants are eccentric and odd. Behind the big, carved wooden Earwig was left in a basket on the door at the far corner of the drawing doorstep of St. Morwald's Home for room is a wall of bricks. At night, she Children with a note suggesting she had dreams of shadows that gather under been left there by a witch. Choosing to the moon. They sing to her in high ignore the note, the headmistress voices: \"We are small but we are many renames the baby Erica Wigg and treats / We are many we are small / We were her like all the other children. In her here before you rose / We will be here prickly way, Earwig uses her \"strange when you fall.” abilities\" to get what she wants, from her favorite lunch to a new red sweater. ADVANCED READS Prisoner B-3087 Daughter of Smoke and Bone By Alan Gratz, Ruth and Jack Gruener By Laini Taylor For ages 10 and Up For ages 12 and Up Based on the true story of Jack Karou is a young art student living in Gruener, Prisoner B-3087 lays bare the Prague. Her adopted family is chimera, torture one boy endured for six long with Medusa-like snake tendrils, horns and years through placement in 10 creatures’ bodies. Although she doesn't live concentration camps, work details, with them, she occasionally does errands death marches, cattle car train rides, for them. While on an errand for starvation, thirst and beatings. In a Brimstone, her mysterious father figure, world upturned by evil and surrounded Karou encounters Akiva, a stunningly by death, Yanek finds the courage to gorgeous seraph. He is as intrigued with push through each inhumane Karou as she is with him, but the experience forced on him and the chemistry goes far beyond superficial other prisoners. attraction. Kidsville News Inc., Truman and James Patterson’s READKIDDOREAD.COM are pleased to partner on this page to help you discover books that kids you love are sure to love. 20 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019

When cooking, for safety, TM always get help from an The View Student Questionnaire KitchenKidsville adult first. Mail, bring by or email us YOUR PHOTO & your answers! Dish up homemade pizza anytime Name Pizza is beloved across the globe. The GFraaxd#e 256-76 0-961S8chooElm ail: ki dsville @cour ierjourn al.net National Association of Pizza Operators estimates that 350 slices of pizza are Mail: 219 W. Tennessee Street • Florence, AL 35630 consumed every second in the United States. In addition, 93% of Americans eat pizza at What is your favorite...... least once a month, according to a Mintel survey. When it comes to pizza toppings, some may argue that plain cheese Author? is best, but pepperoni is a crowd favorite. A Harris Poll from 2016 found that pepperoni was the most popular topping, followed by sausage. Pepperoni pizza Holiday? is spicy enough to add some kick to every bite. And while it’s easy to order a pie from the nearest pizza shop, it’s just as simple to whip up pepperoni pizza Book? on a whim right at home with a quick recipe like this one, courtesy of the Pillsbury Kitchens. Cartoon? CANNOT Have you ever ridden a horse? PRINT Pepperoni Pizza Are you a good listener? WITHOUT PHOTO What is a vinyl record? Have you ever ridden in a convertible car? Have you ever played in the snow? Serves 4 What does the word talent mean to you? Do you speak another language? Cornmeal What does being a leader mean to you? 1 13.8-ounce can Pillsbury What is instrumental music? refrigerated classic pizza crust or 1 11-ounce can Pillsbury refrigerated thin pizza crust 1 8-ounce can pizza sauce 1/2 cup sliced pepperoni 1 cup shredded mozzarella cheese 1 tablespoon grated Parmesan cheese If using classic crust: Heat oven to 425 degrees Fahrenheit. Sprinkle Do you like to read aloud? cornmeal on 12-inch square pizza stone. Unroll dough on pizza stone. Starting at center, press dough into 12-inch square, forming 12-inch rim. If using MUST HAVE thin crust: Heat oven to 400 F. Spray or grease 15x10-inch or larger dark or PERMISSION nonstick baking sheet. Sprinkle cornmeal on baking sheet. Unroll dough on TO PRINT Parent/Guardian Permission baking sheet. Starting at center, press dough into 15x10-inch rectangle. Spread pizza sauce over crust to within 1/2 inch of edges. Top with pepperoni and I give Kidsville News! permission to print my CHILD’S PHOTO & opinion on mozzarella cheese. Sprinkle with Parmesan cheese. any questions listed above. I do realize my child’s first name, school and grade could Bake classic crust 14 to 18 minutes, thin crust 8 to 12 minutes or until crust is golden brown. Cut into four servings. be printed in this publication. I have enclosed or emailed my CHILD’S PHOTO. Parent/Guardian SIGNATURE Date October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 21

ParenTown’s KidShape ParenTown’s KidSmart President’s Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition How to help kids make friends at schoolhe average student likely spends more time at school and participating The Impact of Nutrition on Your Health in extracurricular activities with classmates than he or she does at Daily food choices affect our health — how we feel today, tomorrow, and in the future. Thome. In close proximity to so many peers, it may seem like making Good nutrition is an important part of developing healthy lifestyles early in life. Combined with physical activity, diet can help us and maintain a healthy weight and reduce your risk of preventable diseases like Type 2 diabetes, while promoting overall health. friends would be a snap. However, some students have trouble connecting Unhealthy eating habits have contributed to the obesity epidemic in the United and can use a little States: about one-third of U.S. adults (33.8%) are obese and approximately 17% push to make (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese. Poor friends. diets are associated with major health risks. By making smart food choices, you The family and can help protect yourself and your children from these health problems. parenting resource The risk factors for adult chronic diseases, like hypertension and type 2 “Parenting Science” diabetes, are increasingly seen in younger ages, often a result of unhealthy eating habits and increased weight gain. Dietary habits established in childhood often notes that research carry into adulthood, so teaching children how to eat healthy at a young age will indicates that help them stay healthy throughout their life. the most popular HEALTHY EATING GOALS children are those Small changes can make a big difference to your health. who exemplify Incorporating several of the goals below into certain traits. your diet over a period of several weeks can These traits include make a big difference in your family’s health. being caring, a Make half your plate fruits and willingness to vegetables: Choose red, orange, and share, a willingness dark-green vegetables like tomatoes, sweet to offer help and potatoes, and broccoli, along with other strong verbal skills. vegetables for your meals. Add fruit to meals as part of main or side dishes or as dessert. Children who The more colorful you make your plate, the more likely embrace these traits you are to get the vitamins, minerals, and fiber your body may prove better needs to be healthy. at making friends. Make half the grains you eat whole grains: An easy way to eat Parents may find more whole grains is to switch from a refined-grain food to a whole-grain food. that kids need some encouragement to build their social circles. The For example, eat whole-wheat bread instead of white bread. Read the ingredients following are some ways parents can offer that encouragement. list and choose products that list a whole-grain ingredients first. Look for things Encourage kids to seek out someone on their own. It may be challenging like: \"whole wheat,\" \"brown rice,\" \"bulgur,\" \"buckwheat,\" \"oatmeal,\" \"rolled to walk up to a group and introduce yourself. Encourage students to seek oats,\" quinoa,\" or \"wild rice.\" out someone who is alone and then strike up a conversation, which can be Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk: Both have the same amount of less intimidating than approaching a group. Emphasize to kids that other calcium and other essential nutrients as whole milk, but fewer calories and less students may also be a little shy and looking to make friends. saturated fat. Choose a variety of lean protein foods: Meat, poultry, seafood, dry beans or Practice conversation starters at home. Children can work with their peas, eggs, nuts, and seeds are considered part of the protein foods group. Select parents to come up with topics that can help foster communication. These leaner cuts of ground beef (where the label says 90% lean or higher), turkey can include ice breakers and common interests, such as favorite television breast, or chicken breast. shows or video games. Compare sodium in foods: Use the Nutrition Facts label to choose lower Teach kids approachable body language. Wearing earbuds or sodium versions of foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals. Select canned foods exhibiting negative body language, such as crossed arms or avoiding eye labeled \"low sodium,\" \"reduced sodium,\" or \"no salt added.\" contact, can make a person seem less approachable. Smiling, engaging in Drink water instead of sugary drinks: Cut calories by drinking water or conversation and being friendly can make it easier to make friends. unsweetened beverages. Soda, energy drinks, and sports drinks are a major Ask teachers to help. The education resource Understood says source of added sugar and calories in American diets. Try adding a slice of teachers can give children responsibilities, such as the opportunity to lemon, lime, or watermelon or a splash of 100% juice to your glass of water if hand out snacks or papers, which can build confidence and provide you want some flavor. opportunities for kids to converse with their peers. Learn more at Eat some seafood: Seafood includes fish (such as salmon, tuna, and trout) and shellfish (such as crab, mussels, and oysters). Seafood has protein, minerals, and www.understood.org. omega-3 fatty acids (heart-healthy fat). Adults should try to eat at least eight ounces Help children be active listeners. An active listener is someone who a week of a variety of seafood. Children can eat smaller amounts of seafood, too. makes it clear that he or she is paying attention. Making eye contact, Cut back on solid fats: Eat fewer foods that contain solid fats. The major orienting the body toward the speaker and making relevant verbal responses sources for Americans are cakes, cookies, and other desserts (often made with are some active listening strategies that can help kids more fully engage butter, margarine, or shortening); pizza; processed and fatty meats (e.g., sausages, with their peers. Feeling valued and listened to may encourage other hot dogs, bacon, ribs); and ice cream. children to be more friendly and engaging. Physical activity is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. Getting Ask open-ended questions. The social networking advisement site active is easier than you may think. Put down those mobile and gaming devices Young Scot suggests having students ask open questions, such as: How and get outside when possible. Walk the dog, find a fun activity, rake the leaves, was your summer? Or What sports do you like to play? These types of sign up for a mile on an anti-litter campaign… Find ways to add in or mix up questions can kick-start in-depth conversations. daily activity and discover better health. HEALTHY SNACKS Join a team or club. Students often make friends in social or For a handy snack, keep cut-up fruits and vegetables like carrots, peppers, or extracurricular settings, such as on a sports team. With a shared interest, orange slices in the refrigerator. it’s easy to find topics to discuss. Teach children the difference between everyday snacks, such as fruits and Making friends in school can make time spent in the classroom more veggies, and occasional snacks, such as cookies or other sweets. enjoyable for youngsters. 22 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019

INTRODUCING Explorer Rewards Cole Now members ages 5-14 can track savings and redeem rewards online. With Member since 2013 all kinds of rewards to explore—such as zoos, ball parks, water parks, and museums—this new program makes it easier than ever for kids to save money, earn rewards, and start exploring. ª listerhill.com/explorer ANSWERS MATHTIME (1/4 or 1:4) This problem will help students to “get a feel” for probability. If a line is extended across the circle they will see that 1 has 2 out of 4 chances (2:4 or 1:2) and 2 and 3 each have a 1 out of 4 chance (1:4). 12 outfits. Students may use cutouts of shirts and shorts or some other manipulative to explore the possible combinations. They need to keep a record of all combinations. Knowledge What’s the Difference? Power Di erences: 1. Color of shirt 2. Color of cello 3. Color of music stand 4. Eyebrows missing 5. Hair di erent color Answers: 6. Eyebrows di erent colors 6. Color of bow tie 7. Freckles missing from guy on the right 9. Color in background 1. A 2. D gone. 8. Color of stool he is sitting on. 3. C 4. B Candy Apples 5. C 6. A 1. WIsyfA35412oh.....yhneuITTHHdo’saihhveweevuceeetripheyedargddra?ekoasulddol:idtyctotikytdootyy.ogu?,tosHuorkekuiaetcmtttoitlhtsyiecvesa.sneeaadrretseliytlopsdh, naas.eucyabebhnoitlsdarluu.ampi,ctt.pwuflyrthoipmablytapqdbleuoyaiscukrlye., 7. C 2. 8. B 2. Apooch smooch.canary say as he walked down 3. Because they whip the cream and beat the eggsthe dark alley? 4. I have a lot of problems. 5. Why did the martian lawyer go to court? 3. Why are bakers mean? 4. What did one math book say to the other math book? October 2019 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 23

Hidden Picture Puzzles Answers on Pg. 23 Gee Thanks! Kidsville News!-in- Education Sponsors for helping to provide Kidsville News! to Colbert Kids K-6th. Friends of Kidsville News! • SIMPSON’S AUTO GLASS & WRECKER SERVICE • MIKE RANDALL, REALTOR® • McCUTCHEON & HAMNER, P.C. • EXCEL COMPUTER SERVICES 24 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals October 2019