GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-153.1.3.4 t <body> ElementAvgiv †Kvb I‡qe‡c‡Ri g‡a¨ hv wKQz †`L‡Z cvB (B‡gR, AwWI, wfwWI, †U·U, wjsK BZ¨vw`), Zv me wKQzBGB <body> Bwj‡g›U Gi Aš—f©~³| wb‡P GKwU D`vnib Gi gva¨‡g welqwU m¤ú‡K© cwi¯‹vi nIqv hvK - wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1 (<body> Bwj‡g›U Gi Dcv`vbmgn~ )|Dc‡ii wP‡Î gvK© Kiv cÖwZwU Ask, A_©vr †Kvb I‡qe‡c‡R `„k¨gvb mKj wKQBz <body> Bwj‡g›U Gi Aš—f©~³|3.1.3.4.1 t <body> Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi t<body> Bwj‡g›U‡K GBPwUGgGj †cB‡Ri <head> Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM (</head>) Gi c‡i-I‡cb Ges<html> Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM (</html>) Gi c‡~ e©-†K¬vR Ki‡Z nq Ges I‡qe‡c‡R cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ mKjBwj‡g›U, Kb‡U›U‡K <body> Bwj‡g›U Gi I‡cwbs Ges †K¬vwRs U¨vM (<body> . . . . . </body>) Gi wfZiivL‡Z nq| wb‡P GKwU D`vniY Gi gva¨‡g ewW Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t 51
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1 (<body> Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi)|AvDUcUy tDc‡ii dvBjwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Contents wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.2 (<body> Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZ‡ii Kb‡U›Umg~n eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z nIqv )| 52
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15†KvW we‡k- lb t wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.3 ( <body> Bwj‡g›U Gi I‡cwbs Ges †K¬vwRs U¨vM)|Dc‡ii wP‡Î j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, <body> Gi I‡cwbs U¨vM‡K <head> Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM Gi c‡i Ges<body> Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM‡K <html> Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM Gi c~‡e© wjLv n‡q‡Q| wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.4 (I‡qemvB‡Ui Kb‡U›U‡K <body> Gi I‡cwbs Ges †K¬vwRs U¨vM Gi wfZi ivLv )|GLv‡b I‡qemvB‡U cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ Kb‡U›Umg~n‡K <body> Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi †jLv n‡q‡Q| 53
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-153.1.3.4.1.1 t <body> Bwj‡g›U G A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨enviGBPwUGgGj Gi ewW Bwj‡g›U G wb‡gœv³ A¨vwUªweDU¸‡jv e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| alink background bgcolor link text Ges vlink3.1.3.4.1.1.1 t alink\"active link\" Gi msw¶ß iƒc n‡‛Q \"alink\". GB A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i wjs‡Ki Kvjvi wba©viY K‡i †`qvnq| wfwRUi hLb I‡qe‡c‡R e¨eüZ †Kvb wjs‡Ki Dci wK¬K K‡i, ZLb GB A¨vwUªweDUwU KvR K‡i| A_©vr,†Kvb wjs‡Ki Dci wK¬K Kivi mgq \"alink\" A¨vwUªweDU G e¨envi Kiv KvjviwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|Value :alink A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e Color wba©viY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfv‡e Kvjvi wba©viY Kivhvq| 1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg e¨envi K‡i - †hgbt \"green\"); 2. RGB (Red, Greeen & Blue) Code - RGB gvb, †hgb t rgb (0,0,0) e¨envi K‡i 3. Hex (Hexadecimal) †KvW e¨envi K‡i - †hgb t- \"#0000FF\"|GBPwUGgj Kvjvi wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|wjLvi wbqg t<body alink=\"Color_name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code\">wb‡P alink A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-2 (p2.html) <body> Bwj‡g›U G alink A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html><body alink=\"red\"><p><a href=\"http://www.w3schools.com\">W3Schools.com</a></p><p><a href=\"http://www.w3schools.com/html/\">HTML Tutorial</a></p> <p><b>Note:</b> If using color names, different browsers may render differentcolors, and Firefox have problems if the attribute value is in RGB code (will not displaycorrect color).</p> <p><b>Tip:</b> To produce equal results in all browsers, always use hex code tospecify colors.</p> 54
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 <p>However, the alink attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported inHTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS instead.</p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <body alink=\"red\"> Gi gva¨‡g alink A¨vwUªweDU Gi f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e jvj Kvjvi e¨enviKiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Avgiv Kvjvi Gi bvg D‡j- L K‡i KvRwU K‡iwQ| PvB‡j RGB A_ev HexadecimalCode e¨envi K‡iI KvRwU Ki‡Z cviZvg| Gi wb‡P <p><a href=\"http://www.w3schools.com\">W3Schools.com </a></p> Ges <p> <a href=\"http://www.w3schools.com/html/\">HTMLTutorial </a></p> jvBb `Õy wUi gva¨‡g I‡qe‡c‡R `yÕwU wjsK •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| (wjsK wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Zwe¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q)|GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e| wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.1.1 (GBPwUGgGj †cR‡K eªvDRv‡i †kv Kiv‡bv)|Gevi I‡qe‡c‡R cÖ`wk©Z wjsK `Õy wUi (W3Schools.com Ges HTML Tutorial) Dci wK¬K Ki‡j, G¸‡jvjvj is (KviY, Avgv‡`i A¨vwUªweDU Gi f¨vwjD jvj is‡qi wQj) aviY Ki‡e|GLb Avwg hw` HTML Tutorial wjsKwUi Dci wK¬K Kwi, Zvn‡j †`wL welqwU wK nq !! 55
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.1.2 (HTML Tutorial wjs‡K wK¬K Kiv)|Dc‡ii wP‡Î j¶ Kiv hv‡‛Q †h, HTML Tutorial wjsKwUi Dci wK¬K Kiv‡Z GwU jvj is aviY Ki‡Q|Note :*) HTML 5 - <alink> A¨vwUªweDU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv|*) HTML 4.01 fvm©‡b GwU‡K Deprecated (AewPZ) †Nvlbv Kiv nq|*) Gi cwie‡Z© CSS e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|3.1.3.4.1.1.2 t backgroundI‡qe‡c‡Ri e¨vKMÖvD‡Û B‡gR e¨env‡ii Rb¨ GB A¨vwUªweDUwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|Value :background A¨vwUªweDU Gi f¨vwjD/gvb wn‡m‡e URL (Uniform Resource Locator), A_©vr wjsKe¨envi Kiv nq| A_©vr †hLvb †_‡K Avcwb B‡gRwU e¨envi Ki‡Z Pv‡‛Qb, †mLvbKvi wjsK GLv‡b D‡j- L K‡iw`‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î `yB ai‡Yi wjsK e¨envi Kiv nq| h_v t 1. Absolute URL : hLb Ab¨ †Kvb I‡qemvB‡Ui wjsK e¨envi Kiv nq, ZLb GwU‡K Absolute URL ejv nq| †hgb t (www.anotherwebsite.com/images/body_image.jpeg) 2. Relative URL : hLb GKB I‡qemvB‡Ui †Kvb wjsK e¨envi Kiv nq, ZLb GwU‡K Relative URL ejv nq| †hgb t (images/body_image.jpeg)wjsK Ges B‡gR wb‡q Avgiv eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡ev|wjLvi wbqg t<body background=\"URL of image\">wb‡P background A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t 56
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Absolute URL f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i e¨KMÖvD‡Û B‡gR †mU Kiv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-3 (p3.html) <body> Bwj‡g›U G background A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html><body background=\"http://pubpages.unh.edu/~cas254/html.jpg\"> <h1>Hello world!</h1> <p>The background attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supported inHTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS instead.</p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨KMÖvDÛ B‡g‡Ri Rb¨ GKwU Absolute Url \"<bodybackground=\"http://pubpages.unh.edu/~cas254/html.jpg\">\" e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.2.1 (e¨vKMÖvDÛ B‡gR e¨envi K‡i †c‡Ri AvDUcUy †`Lv )|Dc‡ii wP‡Î \"HTML Logo\" m¤^wjZ GKwU B‡gR Avgv‡`i I‡qe‡c‡Ri e¨eKMÖvD‡Û †`Lv hv‡‛Q|Relative URL f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i e¨vKMÖvD‡Û B‡gR †mU Kiv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-4 (p4.html) <body> Bwj‡g›U G background A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html> <body background=\"images/grey.jpg\"> <h1>Hello Learners!</h1> 57
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 <p>The background attribute will show a grey color image on WebpageBackground.</p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨vKMÖvDÛ B‡g‡Ri Rb¨ Background A¨vwUªweDU G GKwU Relative URL \"<bodybackground=\"images/grey.jpg\">\" e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.2.2 (e¨vKMÖvDÛ G B‡gR e¨envi K‡i †c‡Ri AvDUcUy †`Lv)|Dc‡ii wP‡Î a~mi is‡qi GKwU B‡gR Avgv‡`i I‡qe‡c‡Ri e¨eKMÖvD‡Û †`Lv hv‡‛QNote :*) HTML 5 - <alink> A¨vwUªweDU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv|*) HTML 4.01 fvm©‡b GwU‡K Deprecated (AewPZ) †Nvlbv Kiv nq|*) Gi cwie‡Z© CSS e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|3.1.3.4.1.1.3 t bgcolorI‡qe‡c‡Ri e¨vKMÖvD‡Û Kvjvi e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ bgcolor A¨vwUªweDUwU e¨envi Kiv nq|Value :bgcolor A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e Color wba©viY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfv‡e Kvjvi wba©viY Kivhvq| 1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg e¨envi K‡i - †hgb t \"green,red,yellow\"); 2. RGB (Red, Greeen & Blue) Code - RGB gvb, †hgb t rgb(0,0,0) e¨envi K‡i 58
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 3. Hex (Hexadecimal) †KvW e¨envi K‡i - †hgb t- \"#0000FF\"|GBPwUGgj Kvjvi wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|wjLvi wbqg t<body bgcolor=\"Color_name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code\">wb‡P bgcolor A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv tHex_Code e¨envi K‡i e¨KMÖvDÛ Gi Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv t†cÖvMÖvg bs - 5 (p5.html) <body> Bwj‡g›U G bgcolor A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<!DOCTYPE html><html> <body bgcolor=\"#A52A2A\"> <h1>Hello world!</h1> <p><b>Note:</b> If using color names, different browsers may render differentcolors, and Firefox have problems if the attribute value is in RGB code (will not displaycorrect color).</p> <p><b>Tip:</b> To produce equal results in all browsers, always use hex code tospecify colors.</p> <p>However, the bgcolor attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is notsupported in HTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSSinstead.</p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g-I‡qe‡c‡Ri e¨vKMÖvDÛ G Kvjvi †`qvi Rb¨ \"<body bgcolor=\"A52A2A\">\" jvBbwUe¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Brown (ev`vwg) KvjviwU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb¨ Hex_Code\"A52A2A\" e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb Dc‡ii †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|59
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.3.1 (e¨vKMÖvDÛ G Kvjvi †mU K‡i †c‡Ri AvDUcUy †`Lv )|Note :*) HTML 5 – \"bgcolor\" A¨vwUªweDU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv|*) HTML 4.01 fvm©‡b GwU‡K Deprecated (AewPZ) †Nvlbv Kiv nq|*) Gi cwie‡Z© CSS e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| (wmGmGm G cÖ‡dkbvjx KvR Ki‡Z †jL‡Ki ÔÔwm Gm Gm (3)eBwU msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib)|3.1.3.4.1.1.4 t linkI‡qe‡c‡R e¨eüZ mKj wjsK Gi Kvjvi †mU Kivi Rb¨ GB link A¨vwUªweDUwU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|Value :link A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e Color wba©viY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfv‡e Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv hvq| 1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg e¨envi K‡i - †hgbt \"green,red,yellow\"); 2. RGB (Red, Greeen & Blue) Code - RGB gvb, †hgb t rgb (0,0,0) e¨envi K‡i 3. Hex (Hexadecimal) †KvW e¨envi K‡i - †hgb t- \"#0000FF\"|GBPwUGgj Kvjvi wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|wjLvi wbqg t<body link=\"Color_Name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code\">wb‡P link A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv tColor_Name e¨envi K‡i I‡qe‡c‡Ri wjsK Gi Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv t 60
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 †cÖvMÖvg bs-6 (p6.html) <body> Bwj‡g›U G link A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html> <body link=\"red\"> <p><a href=\"http://www.bookbd.info\">BookBD</a></p> <p><a href=\"http://www.facebook.com\">Facebook</a></p> <p><b>Note:</b> If using color names, different browsers may render differentcolors, and Firefox have problems if the attribute value is in RGB code (will not displaycorrect color).</p> <p><b>Tip:</b> To produce equal results in all browsers, always use hex code tospecify colors.</p> <p>However, the link attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supportedin HTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS instead.</p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g-I‡qe‡c‡R e¨eüZ cÖwZwU wjsK Gi Kvjvi wba©viY K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ \"<body link=\"red\">\"jvBbwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b green (meyR) KvjviwU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb¨Color_Name \"red\" e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z <p><a href=\"http://www.bookbd.info\">BookBD </a></p> Ges <p> <a href=\"http://www.facebook.com\">Facebook </a></p>jvBb `yÕwUi gva¨‡g I‡qe‡c‡R `yÕwU wjsK •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| (wjsK wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbvKiv n‡q‡Q)|GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.4.1 (<body> Bwj‡g›U G link A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i AvDUcyU †`Lv)| 61
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Dc‡ii wP‡Î j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, Avgv‡`i †c‡R BookBD Ges Facebook bv‡g †h `wy U wjsK e¨enviKiv n‡q‡Q, <body link=\"red\"> jvBbwU e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y †m¸‡jv jvj is‡q cÖ`wk©Z n‡‛Q|Note :*) HTML 5 – \"link\" A¨vwUªweDU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv|*) HTML 4.01 fvm©‡b GwU‡K Deprecated (AewPZ) †Nvlbv Kiv nq|*) Gi cwie‡Z© CSS e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|3.1.3.4.1.1.5 t textI‡qe‡c‡R e¨eüZ mKj †U·U Gi Kvjvi †mU Kivi Rb¨ GB text A¨vwUªweDUwU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|Value :text A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e Color wba©viY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfv‡e Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv hvq| 1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg e¨envi K‡i - †hgbt \"green,red,yellow\"); 2. RGB (Red, Greeen & Blue) Code - RGB gvb, †hgb t rgb (0,0,0) e¨envi K‡i 3. Hex (Hexadecimal) †KvW e¨envi K‡i - †hgb t- \"#0000FF\"|GBPwUGgGj Kvjvi wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|wjLvi wbqg t<body text=\"Color_Name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code\">wb‡P text A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv tHex_Code e¨envi K‡i I‡qe‡c‡Ri †U·U Gi Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-7 (p7.html) <body> Bwj‡g›U G text A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html> <body text=\" #FFD700\"> <p><b>Note:</b> If using color names, different browsers may render differentcolors, and Firefox have problems if the attribute value is in RGB code (will not displaycorrect color).</p> <p><b>Tip:</b> To produce equal results in all browsers, always use hex code tospecify colors.</p> <p>However, the link attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supportedin HTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS instead.</p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY t 62
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g -I‡qe‡c‡R e¨eüZ cÖwZwU †U·U Gi Kvjvi wba©viY K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ \"<body text=\"#FFD700\">\" jvBbwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gold (†mvbvjx) KvjviwU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Kvjvi GiRb¨ Hex_Code \"#FFD700\" e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.5.1 (<body> Bwj‡g‡›U link A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i AvDUcyU †`Lv)|Dc‡ii wP‡Î j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, Avgv‡`i I‡qe‡c‡Ri mKj †U·U Gi Kvjvi †mvbvjx is‡qi †`Lvhv‡‛Q|3.1.3.4.1.1.6 t vlinkVisited link Gi msw¶ß iƒc n‡‛Q vlink. Visited link ej‡Z †h mKj wjsK c‡~ e© wfwRU Kiv n‡q‡Q/wK¬KKiv n‡q‡Q, †m mKj wjsK Gi Kvjvi vlink A¨vwUªweDU Gi gva¨‡g wba©viY K‡i †`qv hvq|Value :text A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e Color wba©viY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfv‡e Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv hvq| 1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg e¨envi K‡i - †hgb t \"green, red, yellow\"); 2. RGB (Red, Greeen & Blue) Code - RGB gvb, †hgb t rgb(0,0,0) e¨envi K‡i 3. Hex (Hexadecimal) †KvW e¨envi K‡i - †hgb t- \"#0000FF\"|GBPwUGgGj Kvjvi wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|wjLvi wbqg t<body vlink=\"Color_Name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code\">wb‡P vlink A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv tColor_Name e¨envi K‡i I‡qe‡c‡Ri wfwR‡UW wjsK Gi Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-8 (p8.html) <body> Bwj‡g›U G vlink A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi| 63
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15<html><body vlink=\"yellow\"> <p><a href=\"http://www.youtube.com\"> Youtube </a></p> <p><a href=\"http://www.twitter.com\"> Twitter </a></p> <p><b>Note:</b> If using color names, different browsers may render differentcolors, and Firefox have problems if the attribute value is in RGB code (will not displaycorrect color).</p> <p><b>Tip:</b> To produce equal results in all browsers, always use hex code tospecify colors.</p> <p>However, the vlink attribute was deprecated in HTML 4, and is not supportedin HTML 4.01 Strict DTD or in XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD. Use CSS instead.</p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g-wfwR‡UW wjsKmg~‡ni Kvjvi wba©viY K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ \"<body vlink=\"yellow\">\" jvBbwUe¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b yellow (nj`y ) KvjviwU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb¨ Color_Name\"yellow\" e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.6.1 (<body> Bwj‡g‡›U link A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i AvDUcUy †`Lv)| 64
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Dc‡ii wP‡Î Youtube Ges Twitter †h `wy U wjsK †`Lv hv‡‛Q, †m¸‡jvi Kvjvi bxj †`Lv hv‡‛Q| wKš‘ AvgivAvgv‡`i †cÖvMÖv‡g nj`y Kvjvi e¨envi K‡iwQjvg| Gi KviY n‡‛Q, GB wjsK¸‡jv GL‡bv wfwRU/wK¬K Kiv nqwb|Avi wWdëfv‡e wjsK Gi Kvjvi bxj _v‡K| Gme welq m¤ú‡K© Avgiv GBPwUGgGj wjsK †mKk‡b we¯—vwiZRvb‡ev|GLb Dc‡ii wjsK `wy Ui †h †Kvb GKwUi (Twitter) Dci wK¬K Kwi Ges cby ivq GB †cRwU‡Z wd‡i Avwm|Zvn‡j Avgiv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv D³ Twitter wjsKwUi Kvjv‡i cwieZ©b (njy` Kvjvi) †`L‡Z cv‡ev| wPÎ : 3.1.3.4.1.1.6.2 (wfwRU nIqvi ci wjsK Gi Kvjvi cwieZ©b)|Dc‡ii wP‡Î j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, wfwRU Kivi ci Twitter †jLv wjsKwUi wWdë Kvjvi (bxj) cwieZ©bn‡q nj`y Kvjv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡‛Q|Note :*) HTML 5 – \"link\" A¨vwUªweDU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv|*) HTML 4.01 fvm©‡b GwU‡K Deprecated (AewPZ) †Nvlbv Kiv nq|*) Gi cwie‡Z© CSS e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 65
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 66
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 Aa¨vq - 4GBPwUGgGj †U·U dig¨vwUs(HTML Text Formatting)Avgiv hLb †Kvb I‡qemvBU wfwRU Kwi, ZLb †mLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡Yi †U·U (†jLv) †`L‡Z cvB| wewfbœ ai‡Yi†U·U ej‡Z - †U·U‡K wewfbœfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb t †jLv‡K †evì Kiv, AvÛvijvBb Kiv, c¨vivMÖvd 67
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15AvKv‡i wjLv, †jLvi Kvjvi cwieZ©b Kiv, d›U cwieZ©b Kiv BZ¨vw`| Avcbviv hviv gvB‡µvmdU IqvW© G KvRK‡i‡Qb, Zviv Rv‡bb - †jLv‡K Ggb wewfbœ Avw½‡K cÖKvk Kiv †Kej wKQz Ack‡b wK¬K Kiv gvÎ| †hgb t \"b\"evU‡b wK¬K K‡i †jLv‡K †evì Kiv, \"Font color\" Ackb †_‡K wewfbœ Kvjvi wbe©vPb Kiv, \"Font size\" Ackb†_‡K †jLvi AvKvi cwieZ©b Kiv BZ¨vw`| GBPwUGgGj GI welq¸‡jv A‡bKUv GKB, Z‡e cv_©K¨ n‡jvgvB‡µvmdU IqvW© G †hgb KvR¸‡jv Avgiv wK¬K K‡i K‡i K‡iwQ, Avi GLv‡b g¨vbqy vjx †KvW wj‡L wj‡L Ki‡Zn‡e| cÖ‡qvRb n‡e wewfbœ Bwj‡g›U e¨envi Kivi| e¨env‡ii w`K †_‡K Gme Bwj‡g›Umgn~ ‡K Avevi wewfbœ fv‡MfvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb Avgiv Gme Bwj‡g›Um m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡ev|4.1 t HTML Basic Text Formatting4.1.1 t Heading (<h1> †_‡K <h6>) Elements wb‡q Av‡jvPbvAvgiv hLb cÎ-cwÎKvq †Kvb †jLv cwo, ZLb †jLvi Dci wk‡ivbvg †`‡L _vwK| wVK †Zgwb I‡qemvB‡UI wewfbœAvwU©‡Kj, †cv÷, B‡gR A¨vjevg BZ¨vw`i Dci wk‡ivbvg e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K, hv‡Z K‡i cvVKiv GK bR‡ic‡y iv welqe¯‘wU e‡y S wb‡Z cv‡i| Avi I‡qe‡c‡R Gme wel‡q wk‡ivbvg e¨envi Kivi †¶‡Î GBPwUGgGj Gi†nwWs Bwj‡g›U (<h1> †_‡K <h6>) e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| GBPwUGgGj G Qq ai‡Yi †nwWs Bwj‡g›U i‡q‡Q| h_v t 1. h1 (Heading 1) 2. h2 (Heading 2) 3. h3 (Heading 3) 4. h4 (Heading 4) 5. h5 (Heading 5) I 6. h6 (Heading 6)G‡¶‡Î eªvDRvi Heading 1 (<h1>) Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLv‡K me‡P‡q eo AvKv‡i cÖ`wk©Z K‡i Gesµgvbmy v‡i G AvKvi †QvU n‡Z _v‡K| wb‡Pi D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g welqwU m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi nIqv hvK| †cÖvMÖvg bs-9 (p9.html) †nwWs 1 Gi e¨envi|<html> <body> <h1> This is Heading 1 </h1> </body></html>GLb dvBjwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| 68
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.1.1 (GBPwUGgGj †nwWs 1 Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i eªvDRv‡i Zvi AvDUcyU †`Lv)| †cÖvMÖvg bs-10 (p10.html) †nwWs 2 Gi e¨envi|<html> <body> <h2> This is Heading 2 </h2> </body></html>GLb dvBjwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.1.2 (GBPwUGgGj †nwWs 2 Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i eªvDRv‡i Zvi AvDUcUy †`Lv)|<html> †cÖvMÖvg bs-11 (p11.html) †nwWs 3 Gi e¨envi|</html> <body> <h3> This is Heading 3 </h3> </body> wPÎ : 4.1.1.3 (GBPwUGgGj †nwWs 3 Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i eªvDRv‡i Zvi AvDUcyU †`Lv)| 69
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 †cÖvMÖvg bs-12 (p12.html) †nwWs 4 Gi e¨envi|<html> <body></html> <h4> This is Heading 4 </h4> </body>GLb dvBjwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.1.4 (GBPwUGgGj †nwWs 4 Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i eªvDRv‡i Zvi AvDUcUy †`Lv)| †cÖvMÖvg bs-13 (p13.html) †nwWs 5 Gi e¨envi|<html> <body> <h5> This is Heading 5 </h5> </body></html>GLb dvBjwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.1.5 (GBPwUGgGj †nwWs 5 Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i eªvDRv‡i Zvi AvDUcUy †`Lv)| †cÖvMÖvg bs-14 (p14.html) †nwWs 6 Gi e¨envi|<html> <body> <h6> This is Heading 6 </h6> </body></html> 70
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15GLb dvBjwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.1.6 (GBPwUGgGj †nwWs 6 Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i eªvDRv‡i Zvi AvDUcUy †`Lv)| †cÖvMÖvg bs-15 (p15.html) †nwWs Bwj‡g›Umg‡~ ni e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> The example of Heading Elements </title> </head> <body> <h1> This is Heading 1 – The largest one </h1> <h2> This is Heading 2 – The larger one </h2> <h3> This is Heading 3 – Larger than (h4,h5 & h6) </h3> <h4> This is Heading 4 – Smaller than (h3) </h4> <h5> This is Heading 5 – Larger than (h6) </h5> <h6> This is Heading 6 – The smallest one </h6> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g GBPwUGgGj Gi mKj †nwWs Bwj‡g›U (<h1> †_‡K <h6>) Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|GLv‡b †nwWs 1 Bwj‡g›U (<h1> </h1>) Gi wfZi \"This is Heading 1–The largest one\" †jLvUzKzeªvDRv‡i me‡P‡q eo AvKv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| †nwWs 2 Bwj‡g›U (<h2> </h2>) Gi wfZi \"This is Heading 2– The larger one\" †jLvUKz z eªvDRv‡i †nwWs 1 Bwj‡g›U Gi PvB‡Z †QvU AvKv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Gfv‡eµgvbymv‡i †jLvi AvKvi †QvU n‡q Avm‡e|GLb dvBjwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| 71
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.1.7 (GBPwUGgGj Gi mKj †nwWs Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i eªvDRv‡i Zvi AvDUcyU †`Lv)|Dc‡i Avgiv GBPwUGgGj Gi mKj †nwWs Bwj‡g›Umg‡~ ni AvDUcUy †`L‡Z cvw‛Q| GLb cÖkœ n‡‛Q, †Kvb †¶‡Î†Kvb †nwWswU e¨envi Ki‡ev?? n¨v !! gj~ Z welqe¯‘i ¸i‚Z¡c~Y©Zvi µg Abymv‡i Gme †nwWs Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envin‡q _v‡K| †Kvb welqe¯‘i cÖavb †mKkb/wk‡ivbvg‡K †nwWs 1 (<h1>) Bwj‡g›U Gi g‡a¨ †jLv n‡q _v‡K| Zvi‡P‡q GKUz Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †mKkb‡K †nwWs 2 (<h2>) Bwj‡g›U Gi g‡a¨ †jLv n‡q _v‡K| Avevi Zvi †P‡qI GKUzKg ¸i‚Z¡c~Y© †mKkb‡K †nwWs 3 (<h3>) Bwj‡g›U Gi g‡a¨ †jLv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e GLv‡b j¶¨bxq welq n‡‛Q,Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨envi Kiv (<h4>, <h5> Ges <h6>) †nwWsmg‡~ ni AvDUcUy A‡bKUv ¯^vfvweK †U·U Gig‡ZvB cÖ`wk©Z n‡‛Q| G‡¶‡Î wfwRUi eyS‡Z cvi‡e bv †h, †KvbwU Avm‡j †nwWs Avi †KvbwU bigvj †U·U|ZvQvov, mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb Gi †¶‡ÎI h_vh_ †nwWs Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi GKwU ¸i‚Z¡c~Y© welq| ZvB†nwWs Bwj‡g›U e¨env‡i h_vh_ †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi Ggb wewfbœ †KŠkjmgn~ †jL‡Ki ÔÔmvP© BwÄbAcwUgvB‡RkbÕÕ Ges ÔÔA¨vWfvÝW mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡RkbÕÕ eB `yÕwU‡Z ¯úó I we¯—vwiZfv‡e Z‡z j aiv n‡q‡Q,†h¸‡jv Abymib K‡i AvcwbI Avcbvi I‡qemvBU‡K mvP© BwÄb †iRv‡ëi kx‡l© wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ib|wb‡P †nwWs Bwj‡g›U Gi Av‡iv GKwU D`vniY Gi gva¨‡g welqwU m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi nIqv hvK t †cÖvMÖvg bs-16 (p16.html) †nwWs Bwj‡g›Umg‡~ ni e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> The example of Heading Elements </title> </head> <body> <h1> Web Designing </h1> <p> To learn or work professionally as being a Web Designer, you must have theknowledge of HTML, CSS & Photoshop at least. For further you can learn also . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . </p> <h2> HTML (HyperText Markup Language) </h2> 72
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 <p> HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. Developed by scientist TimBerners-Lee in 1990, HTML is the \"hidden\" code that helps us communicate with otherson the World Wide Web (WWW). </p> <h2> CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) </h2> <p> Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describingthe presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markuplanguage. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML andXHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, includingplain XML, SVG and XUL. </p> </body></html>Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z Avwg \"Web Designing\" †jLvwU‡Z †nwWs 1 (<h1>) e¨envi K‡iwQ, KviY-GB jvBbwU‡KAvwg cÖavb wk‡ivbvg wn‡m‡e D‡j- L Ki‡Z Pvw‛Q| cieZ©x‡Z Avwg \"HTML (HyperText MarkupLanguage)\" Ges \"CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)\" GB `Õy wU RvqMvq †nwWs 2 (<h2>) e¨envi K‡iwQ, KviY-GB †jLv `Õy wU‡K Avwg \"Web Designing\" Gi Dc-wk‡ivbvg wn‡m‡e D‡j- L Ki‡Z Pvw‛Q| Avkv Kwi welqwUeyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb|GLb Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.1.8 (†nwWs 1 Ges †nwWs 2 Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|\"Web Designing\" †jLvwU‡Z †nwWs 1 e¨envi Kivi Kvi‡Y GwU eªvDRv‡i me‡P‡q eo AvKv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡‛Q|Ab¨w`‡K, \"HTML (HyperText Markup Language)\" Ges \"CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)\" †jLv`'y wU‡Z †nwWs 2 e¨envi Kivi Kvi‡Y GwU eªvDRv‡i †nwWs 1 Gi PvB‡Z wKQzUv †QvU AvKv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡‛Q| 73
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-154.1.1.1 t.Heading Bwj‡g›U G A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨enviHeading Bwj‡g›U G e¨eüZ A¨vwUªweDUmg~‡ni e¨envi m¤ú‡K© wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t4.1.1.1.1 t alignAlignment Gi msw¶ß iƒc n‡‛Q align. †nwWsmg~‡ni w`K wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨ align A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi n‡q_v‡K|Value :align A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e wewfbœ w`K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡jv t 1. left : wWdëfv‡e left f¨vwjD wba©viY Kiv _v‡K| left f¨vwjD e¨env‡i eªvDRv‡ii evg w`K †_‡K †nwWs ïi‚ n‡e| 2. right : right f¨vwjD e¨env‡i eªvDRv‡ii Wvb w`K †_‡K †nwWs ïi‚ n‡e| 3. center : center f¨vwjD e¨env‡i eªvDRv‡ii gvSLvb †_‡K †nwWs ïi‚ nq| 4. justify : Gi e¨envi wb‡q Avgiv cieZ©x‡Z Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| †Kbbv, †nwWs Bwj‡g›U Gi †¶‡Î GwU KL‡bvB e¨eüZ nq bv|wjLvi wbqg t<h1-h6 align=\"left A_ev right A_ev center A_ev justify\">wb‡P align A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv tt left †cÖvMÖvg bs-17 (p17.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G left f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Heading Element </title></head><body> <h1 align=\"left\"> Left Alignment </h1> <p> The Heading Text will be displayed as Left-aligned in Browser. </p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY t 74
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <h1 align=\"left\"> e¨env‡i GB †nwWs Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUKz z eªvDRvi Gi evg w`K †_‡KcÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.1.1.1.1.1 (align A¨vwUªweD‡U left f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|Dc‡ii wP‡Î Left Alignment †nwWsUKz z‡K Avgiv eªvDRvi Gi evg w`‡K †`L‡Z cvw‛Q-†Kbbv, alignA¨vwUªweD‡U Gi value/gvb left e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|4.1.1.1.1.2 t right †cÖvMÖvg bs-18 (p18.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G right f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Heading Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"right\"> Right Alignment </h1> <p> The Heading Text will be displayed as Right-aligned in Browser. </p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lYDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <h1 align=\"right\"> e¨env‡i GB †nwWs Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUzKz eªvDRvi Gi Wvb w`K †_‡KcÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e| 75
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.1.1.1.2.1 (align A¨vwUªweD‡U right f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|Dc‡ii wP‡Î Right Alignment †nwWsUKz ‡z K Avgiv eªvDRvi Gi Wvb w`‡K †`L‡Z cvw‛Q-†Kbbv, alignA¨vwUªweD‡U Gi value/gvb right e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 4.1.1.1.1.3 t center †cÖvMÖvg bs-19 (p19.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G center f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Heading Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Center Alignment </h1> <p> The Heading Text will be displayed as Center-aligned in Browser. </p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lbDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <h1 align=\"center\"> e¨env‡i GB †nwWs Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUKz z eªvDRvi Gi gvSLvb †_‡KcÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e| 76
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.1.1.1.3.1 (align A¨vwUªweD‡U center f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|Dc‡ii wP‡Î Center Alignment †nwWsUzKz‡K Avgiv eªvDRvi Gi gvSLv‡b †`L‡Z cvw‛Q-†Kbbv, alignA¨vwUªweD‡U Gi value/gvb center e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|Note :*) HTML 5 - <alink> A¨vwUªweDU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv|*) HTML 4.01 fvm©‡b GwU‡K Deprecated (AewPZ) †Nvlbv Kiv nq|*) Gi cwie‡Z© CSS e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|4.1.2 t Paragraph (<p>) Element wb‡q Av‡jvPbvI‡qe‡c‡R †jLv‡K c¨vivMÖvd AvKv‡i †jLvi Rb¨ <p> Bwj‡g›U e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| I‡qe‡c‡Ri wewfbœ WK‡z g›UZ_v †jLv‡jwLi Rb¨ mvaviYZ <p> Bwj‡g›UwU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| wb‡P c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bvn‡jv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-20 (p20.html) Paragraph Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi|<html> <body> <p> This is Paragraph </p> </body></html>GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.2.1 (c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| 77
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 †cÖvMÖvg bs-21 (p21.html) Paragraph Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi|<html><head> <title> The example of Paragraph Element </title></head><body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Paragraph Element </h1> <p> This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is aparagraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is aparagraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is aparagraph. This is a paragraph. </p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <h1 align=\"center\"> e¨envi K‡i GKwU †nwWs Bwj‡g›U e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hwU eªvDRv‡iigvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Ges wb‡P c¨vivMÖvd (<p>) Bwj‡g›U Gi gv‡S wKQz †jLv n‡q‡Q, hv eªvDRv‡ic¨vivMÖvd AvKv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.2.2 (c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|4.1.2.1 t.Paragraph Bwj‡g›U G A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨enviParagraph Bwj‡g›U G e¨eüZ A¨vwUªweDUmg~‡ni e¨envi m¤ú‡K© wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t4.1.2.1.1 t align A¨vwUªweDUAlignment Gi msw¶ß iƒc n‡‛Q align. c¨vivMÖvd Gi w`K wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨ align A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi n‡q_v‡K|Value :align A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e wewfbœ w`K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡jv t 78
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 1. left : wWdëfv‡e left f¨vwjD wba©viY Kiv _v‡K| left f¨vwjD e¨env‡i eªvDRv‡ii evg w`K †_‡K c¨vivMÖvd ïi‚ n‡e| 2. right : right f¨vwjD e¨env‡i eªvDRv‡ii Wvb w`K †_‡K c¨vivMÖvd ïi‚ n‡e| 3. center : center f¨vwjD e¨env‡i eªvDRv‡ii gvSLvb †_‡K c¨vivMÖvd ïi‚ n‡e| 4. justify : †Kvb †cv÷/AvwU©‡Kj †jLvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv dig¨vU GwU| Gi gva¨‡g †jLv¸‡jv evg w`K †_‡K ïi‚ nq Ges cÖwZwU jvBb ïi‚ †_‡K †kl ch©š— mgvb _v‡K|wjLvi wbqg t<p align =\"left A_ev right A_ev center A_ev justify\">wb‡P align A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv tt left †cÖvMÖvg bs-22 (p22.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G left f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<html><head> <title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title></head><body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Left Alignment in Paragraph Element </h1> <p align=\"left\"> This Paragraph will be displayed from left to right in browser.</p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <h1 align=\"center\"> e¨env‡i GB †nwWs Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUzKz eªvDRvi GigvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Gi wb‡P c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U G left-alignment A_©vr <p align=\"left\"> e¨env‡iGB c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUKz z eªvDRvi Gi evg w`K †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| 79
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.1.1.1 (align A¨vwUªweD‡U left f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| t right †cÖvMÖvg bs-23 (p23.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G right f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Right Alignment in Paragraph Element </h1> <p align=\"right\"> This Paragraph will be displayed from right to left in browser.</p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <h1 align=\"center\"> e¨env‡i GB †nwWs Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUKz z eªvDRvi GigvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Gi wb‡P c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U G right-alignment A_©vr <p align=\"right\">e¨env‡i GB GB c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUKz z eªvDRvi Gi Wvb w`K †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| 80
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.1.2.1 (align A¨vwUªweD‡U right f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| t center †cÖvMÖvg bs-24 (p24.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G center f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Right Alignment in Paragraph Element </h1> <p align=\"center\"> This Paragraph will be displayed as center-alignment inbrowser. </p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <h1 align=\"center\"> e¨env‡i GB †nwWs Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUzKz eªvDRvi GigvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Gi wb‡P c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U G center-alignment A_©vr <p align=\"center\">e¨env‡i GB GB c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUKz z eªvDRvi Gi gvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e| 81
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.1.3.1 (align A¨vwUªweD‡U center f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| t justify †cÖvMÖvg bs-25 (p25.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G justify f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Align Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Justify Alignment in Paragraph Element </h1> <p align=\"justify\"> This Paragraph will be displayed as justify-alignment inbrowser. All the lines in this Paragraph will be shown in equal. This Paragraph will bedisplayed as justify-alignment in browser. All the lines in this Paragraph will be shown inequal. This Paragraph will be displayed as justify-alignment in browser. All the lines inthis Paragraph will be shown in equal. This Paragraph will be displayed as justify-alignment in browser. All the lines in this Paragraph will be shown in equal. ThisParagraph will be displayed as justify-alignment in browser All the lines in thisParagraph will be shown in </p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <h1 align=\"center\"> e¨env‡i GB †nwWs Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUzKz eªvDRvi GigvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Gi wb‡P c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U G justify-alignment A_©vr <p align=\"justify\">e¨env‡i GB GB c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi cÖwZwU jvBb ïi‚ †_‡K †kl ch©š— mgvb _vK‡e| 82
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.1.4.1 (align A¨vwUªweD‡U justify f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|Note :*) HTML 5 - <align> A¨vwUªweDU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv|*) HTML 4.01 fvm©‡b GwU‡K Deprecated (AewPZ) †Nvlbv Kiv nq|*) Gi cwie‡Z© CSS e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|4.1.2.1.2 t style A¨vwUªweDUHTML †c‡R GK jvBb wewkó †Kvb Bwj‡g‡›U ÷vBj (Inline CSS) cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ style A¨vwUªweDUe¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|Value :style A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e CSS cÖcvwU© I f¨vwjD e¨eüZ nq| CSS m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© AwfÁZvAR©‡bi Rb¨ †jL‡Ki ÔÔwmGmGm (3) A¨vÛ wWfÕÕ eBwU msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|wjLvi wbqg t<p style=\"CSS Property:Value; CSS Property2:Value2; CSS Property3:Value3;\">GLv‡b CSS Property:CSS Value Gi gv‡S GKwU †Kvjb e¨envi Ki‡Z nq Ges GKvwaK †÷Ug¨v›U (cÖcvwU©I f¨vwjD) _vK‡j G‡`i †mwg-†Kvjb w`‡q c„_K Ki‡Z nq|wb‡P style A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-26 (p26.html) c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U ÷vBj A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Style Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Use of Style Element </h1> 83
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 <p style=\"color:red;\"> This Paragraph will be shown as Red color. ThisParagraph will be shown as Red color. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color. ThisParagraph will be shown as Red color. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color. ThisParagraph will be shown as Red color. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color. ThisParagraph will be shown as Red color. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color. ThisParagraph will be shown as Red color. </p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <p style=\"color:red;\"> e¨env‡i GB c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUKz z eªvDRv‡ijvj Kvjv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.2.1 (c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U style A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv )| †cÖvMÖvg bs-27 (p27.html) c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U ÷vBj A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Style Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Use of Style Element </h1> <p style=\"color:red; text-align:center\"> This Paragraph will be shown as Redcolor and Center-aligned. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-alignedThis Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned This Paragraph will beshown as Red color and Center-aligned This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and 84
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Center-aligned This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned ThisParagraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned </p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <p style=\"color:red; text-align:center;\"> e¨env‡i GB c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi†jLvUzKz eªvDRv‡i jvj Kvjv‡i Ges eªvDRvi Gi gvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| 4.1.2.1.2.2 (c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U style A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| †cÖvMÖvg bs-28 (p28.html) c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U ÷vBj A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Style Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Use of Style Element </h1> <p style=\"color:red; text-align:center; font-size:20px;\"> This Paragraph will beshown as Red color and Center-aligned & the Font size would be larger than normal. ThisParagraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned & the Font size would be largerthan normal. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned & the Fontsize would be larger than normal. </p> </body></html> 85
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <p style=\"color:red; text-align:center; font-size:20px;\"> e¨env‡i GB c¨vivMÖvdBwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUzKz eªvDRv‡i jvj Kvjv‡i Ges eªvDRvi Gi gvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e Ges GiwfZ‡ii †U·U Gi mvBR n‡e 20 wc‡·j| (Font Bwj‡g›U wb‡q Avgiv eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbvKi‡ev|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.2.3 (c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U style A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv )| †cÖvMÖvg bs-29 (p29.html) c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U ÷vBj A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<head> <title> Use of Style Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Use of Style Element </h1> <p style=\"color:red; text-align:center; text-transform:capitalize;\"> This Paragraphwill be shown as Red color and Center-aligned & all the 1st letters of every words will becapitalized. This Paragraph will be shown as Red color and Center-aligned & all the 1stletters of every words will be capitalized. </p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g <p style=\"color:red; text-align:center; text-transform:capitalize;\"> e¨env‡i GBc¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUzKz eªvDRv‡i jvj Kvjv‡i Ges eªvDRvi Gi gvSLvb †_‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e GesGi wfZ‡ii cÖwZwU IqvW©/k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i eo nv‡Zi n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e| 86
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.2.4 (c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U style A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|4.1.2.1.3 t dir A¨vwUªweDUDirection Gi msw¶ß iƒc n‡‛Q dir. †Kvb Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZ‡ii Kb‡U›U Gi w`K wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨ dirA¨vwUªweDU e¨envi n‡q _v‡K|Value :align A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e `ywU w`K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡jv t 1. ltr : wWdëfv‡e GwU wba©viY Kiv _v‡K| ltr f¨vwjD e¨env‡i eªvDRv‡ii evg w`K †_‡K †jLv ïi‚ nq| 2. rtl : rtl f¨vwjD e¨env‡i eªvDRv‡ii Wvb w`K †_‡K †jLv ïi‚ nq| gj~ Z Aviex, D`©~ fvlv †jLvi †¶‡Î GB f¨vwjD e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|†jLvi wbqg t<p dir=\"ltr A_ev rtl\">wb‡P dir A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t4.1.2.1.3.1 t ltr †cÖvMÖvg bs-30 (p30.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G ltr f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Dir Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Left to Right Direction in Paragraph Element </h1> <p dir=\"ltr\"> This Paragraph will be displayed from left to right in browser. </p> </body></html> 87
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15†KvW we‡k- lY tGi wb‡P c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U G Right to Left Direction A_©vr <p dir=\"rtl\"> e¨env‡i GB GB c¨vivMÖvdBwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUzKz eªvDRvi Gi evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e|wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.3.1.1 (c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U dir A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|4.1.2.1.3.2 t rtl †cÖvMÖvg bs-31 (p31.html) align A¨vwUªweDU G rtl f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Dir Attribute in HTML Paragraph Element </title></head><body><h1 align=\"center\"> Right to Left Direction in Paragraph Element </h1><p dir=\"rtl\"> This Paragraph will be displayed from right to left in browser. </p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U G Right to Left Direction A_©vr <p dir=\"rtl\"> e¨env‡i GB GBc¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi Gi †jLvUzKz eªvDRvi Gi Wvb w`K †_‡K evg w`‡K cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| 88
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 4.1.2.1.3.2.1 (c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g‡›U dir A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|Dc‡iv³ A¨vwUªweDUmg~n QvovI c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U G Av‡iv Ab¨vb¨ A¨vwUªweDU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| cieZ©x‡ZAvgiv G¸‡jvi e¨envi †`L‡ev|4.1.3 t bb †eªwKs †¯úm ( ) Gi e¨enviGBPwUGgGj G GKwUi †ewk †¯úm KvD›U/MbYv Kiv nq bv| A_©vr HTML GwWU‡i †Kvb WKz‡g›U/†cÖvMÖvg†jLvi mgq GKvwaK †¯úm e¨envi Kiv n‡jI, eªvDRv‡i †Kej GKwU gvÎ †¯úm Gi e¨envi j¶¨ Kiv hvq| G‡K†nvqvBU †¯úm Kj¨vwás (White Space Collapsing) ev †nvqvBU †¯úm Gi cZb ejv nq| wb‡Pi D`vniYwU†`Lv hvK| †cÖvMÖvg bs-32 (p32.html) †cÖvMÖv‡g GKvwaK †¯úm Gi e¨envi|<html><head><title> Use of Non-Breaking Space </title></head><body><h1 align=\"center\"> White Space Collapsing! </h1><p> The browser will show only one space instead ofusing extra spaces in HTML Editor. The browser willshow only one space instead of using extra spaces inHTML Editor. The browser will show only one space instead ofusing extra spaces in HTML Editor.</p> </body></html> 89
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZ‡i GK IqvW© †_‡K Ab¨ IqvW© Gi g‡a¨A‡bK¸‡jv †¯úm e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ eªvDRv‡i †KejgvÎ GKwU K‡i †¯úm cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.3.1 (†cÖvMÖv‡g GKvwaK †¯úm e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|GLb GB Ae¯’v †_‡K gwy ³ †c‡Z Avgv‡`i †cÖvMÖv‡g bb-†eªwKs †¯úm ( ) Gi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| GwUGBPwUGgGj Gi †Kvb U¨vM/Bwj‡g›U bq, GwU‡K HTML Entity ejv nq| Ggb Av‡iv A‡bK EntityI‡qe‡c‡R e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq| cieZ©x‡Z Avgiv G m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡ev|GLb Avgiv †cÖvMÖv‡g bb-†eªwKs †¯úm Gi e¨envi †`L‡ev t †cÖvMÖvg bs-33 (p33.html) †cÖvMÖv‡g Gi e¨envi|<html> <body> <p> S P A C E </p> </body></html>GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.3.2 (†cÖvMÖv‡g bb-†eªwKs †¯úm GbwUwU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| 90
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15<html> †cÖvMÖvg bs-34 (p34.html) †cÖvMÖv‡g bb-†eªwKs †¯úm GbwUwU Gi e¨envi|<head><title> Use of Non-Breaking Space </title></head><body><h1 align=\"center\"> Non-Breaking Space Entity! </h1> <p> The Non-Breaking Space Entity creates extra space for displaying in webpages. </p> <p> The Non Breaking Space. </p> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, wØZxq c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZ‡i KZ¸‡jv bb-†eªwKs †¯úm( ) Gi e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv eªvDRv‡i AwZwi³ †¯úm •Zwi Ki‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.3.3 (†cÖvMÖv‡g bb-†eªwKs †¯úm GbwUwU Gi e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|4.1.4 t jvBb †eªK (<br />) Element wb‡q Av‡jvPbv†nvqvBU †¯úm Gi g‡Zv jvBb †eªKI GBPwUGgGj G KvD›U/MbYv Kiv nq bv| GBPwUGgGj GwWU‡i jvBb †eªK(Kx-†evW© †_‡K Enter evUb †cÖm Kiv) e¨envi Kiv n‡jI eªvDRv‡i Gi e¨envi j¶¨ Kiv hvq bv, G‡¶‡Î†KejgvÎ GKwU †¯úm Gi e¨envi j¶ Kiv hvq| †hgb t Avwg hw` GBPwUGgGj Gi gva¨‡g GKwU KweZv wjL‡ZPvB, Z‡e Avgv‡K mvaviYZ wb‡Pi g‡Zv †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z n‡e| 91
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15<html> †cÖvMÖvg bs-35 (p35.html) †cÖvMÖv‡g GKvwaK jvBb e¨envi Kiv|<head> <title> Use of Line Break Element </title></head><body><h1 align=\"center\"> Line Break Collapsing! </h1><p> My Bonnie lies over the ocean. My Bonnie lies over the sea. My Bonnie lies over the ocean. Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.</p></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZ‡i GKvwaK jvBb e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|wKš‘ GwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j Gme jvBb †eªwKs †Kvb Kv‡R Avm‡e bv, Gme jvBb †eªwKs Gi wecix‡Z †KejgvÎGKwU †¯úm Gi e¨envi j¶¨ Kiv hv‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.4.1 (†cÖvMÖv‡g jvBb †eªK e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|GLb GB Ae¯’v †_‡K gwy ³ †c‡Z Avgv‡`i †cÖvMÖv‡g jvBb †eªK Bwj‡g›U (<br />) Gi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| GwUGKwU G¤úwU Bwj‡g›U|GLb Avgiv †cÖvMÖv‡g jvBb †eªK Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi †`L‡ev t 92
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 †cÖvMÖvg bs-36 (p36.html) †cÖvMÖv‡g jvBb †eªK Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi|<html> <body> <p> Line Break <br /> Line Break <br /> Line Break <br /> Line Break <br /> Line Break <br /> </p> </body></html>GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.4.2 (†cÖvMÖv‡g jvBb †eªK Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| †cÖvMÖvg bs-37 (p37.html) †cÖvMÖv‡g jvBb †eªK Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Line Break Element </title> </head> <body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Poem Writing using Line Break Element! </h1> <p> My Bonnie lies over the ocean. <br /> My Bonnie lies over the sea. <br /> My Bonnie lies over the ocean. <br /> Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me. <br /> </p> </body></html> 93
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, c¨vivMÖvd Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZ‡i KZ¸‡jv jvBb †eªK Bwj‡g›U e¨enviKiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv eªvDRv‡i GKwU K‡i bZzb jvBb •Zwi Ki‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.4.3 (†cÖvMÖv‡g jvBb †eªK Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|4.1.5 t Preformatted (<pre>) Element wb‡q Av‡jvPbv†cÖvMÖv‡g bb-†eªwKs †¯úm Avi jvBb †eªK e¨envi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z GZ¶‡b nq‡Zv ev gnvMÖš’ iPbv K‡i †d‡j‡Qb|welqwU A‡bK Sv‡gjvi I e‡U| Avi GB mgm¨v †_‡K gwy ³ †c‡Z <pre> Bwj‡g›UwU e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GBBwj‡g›U Gi wfZ‡ii cÖwZwU †¯úm I jvBb †eªK eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z nq| wb‡P Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-38 (p38.html) †cÖvMÖv‡g wcÖ-dig¨v‡UW Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi|<html> <head><title> Use of Preformatted Element </title></head><body><h1 align=\"center\"> Count each Space & Line Break using Preformatted Element!! </h1><pre> Line First Second Line Third Line Fourth Line </pre></body></html> 94
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, PviwU Avjv`v-Avjv`v jvB‡b wKQz †jLv n‡q‡Q, Ges cÖwZwU jvB‡b†U·U Gi g‡a¨ wKQz †¯úm e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Kb‡U›U¸‡jv‡K wcÖ-dig¨v‡UW U¨vM Gi gva¨‡g †jLvq GicÖwZwU jvBb †eªK I †¯úm eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcUy Avm‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.5.1 (†cÖvMÖv‡g wcÖ-dig¨v‡UW Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|4.1.6 t Font (<font>) Element wb‡q Av‡jvPbvI‡qe‡c‡Ri †U·U Gi Kvjvi, mvBR, wewfbœ d›U wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ GB Bwj‡g›UwU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|4.1.6.1 t.Font Bwj‡g›U G A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨enviFont Bwj‡g›U G e¨eüZ A¨vwUªweDUmg~‡ni e¨envi m¤ú‡K© wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t4.1.6.1.1 t color A¨vwUªweDUGB A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i †U·U Gi Kvjvi wba©viY/cwieZ©b Kiv nq|Value :color A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e Color wba©viY Kiv nq| GBPwUGgGj G wZbfv‡e Kvjvi wba©viY Kivhvq| 1. Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg e¨envi K‡i - †hgbt \"green,red,yellow\"); 2. RGB (Red, Greeen & Blue) Code - RGB gvb, †hgb t rgb(0,0,0) e¨envi K‡i 3. Hex (Hexadecimal) †KvW e¨envi K‡i - †hgb t- \"#0000FF\"|GBPwUGgj Kvjvi wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|wjLvi wbqg t<font color=\"Color_name A_ev RGB_Code A_ev Hex_Code\">wb‡P color A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t 95
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Hex_Code e¨envi K‡i †U·U Gi Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-39 (p39.html) <font> Bwj‡g›U G color A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Color Attribute in HTML Font Element </title> </head> <body> <h1> Set Text/Font Color using Hex_Code! </h1> <font color=\"#FFA500\"> This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color.</font> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g d›U/†U·U Gi Kvjvi wba©viY Kivi Rb¨ <font color=\"#FFA500\"> jvBbwU e¨envi Kiv|GLv‡b Orange (Kgjv) KvjviwU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb¨ Hex_Code \"#FFA500\" e¨enviKiv n‡q‡Q|GLb Dc‡ii †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|wPÎ : 4.1.6.1.1.1 (d›U Bwj‡g‡›U color A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| 96
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Color_Name e¨envi K‡i †U·U Gi Kvjvi wba©viY Kiv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-40 (p40.html) <font> Bwj‡g›U G color A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html> <head> <title> Use of Color Attribute in HTML Font Element </title> </head> <body> <h1> Set Text/Font Color using Color_Name! </h1> <font color=\"Orange\"> This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color. This Font/Text will be displayed as Orange Color.</font> </body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g d›U/†U·U Gi Kvjvi wba©viY Kivi Rb¨ <font color=\"Orange\"> jvBbwU e¨envi KKivn‡q‡Q Ges Kvjvi Gi Rb¨ Color_Name \"Orange\" e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb Dc‡ii †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|wPÎ : 4.1.6.1.1.2 (d›U Bwj‡g‡›U color A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| 97
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-154.1.6.1.2 t face A¨vwUªweDUwewfbœ iK‡gi d›U †hgb :- Arial, Calbiri, Courier, Times New Roman BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ d›UBwj‡g›U G GB A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi n‡q _v‡K| Gme d›U e¨env‡i d›U/†U·U Gi AvDUjKy cwieZ©b nq|Value :face A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e wewfbœ d›U e¨eüZ nq| wewfbœ d›U e¨env‡i d›U/†U·U Gi ÷vBj wewfbœn‡q _v‡K|wjLvi wbqg t<font face=\"Font_Name\">wb‡P face A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-41 (p41.html) <font> Bwj‡g›U G face A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html><head> <title> Use of Face Attribute in Font Element </title></head><body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Set different types of Fonts using Face Attribute !</h1> <font face=\"Times New Roman\"> <p> This is a paragraph, shown in the Times New Roman font.</p> </font></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g d›U †dm A¨vwUªweD‡U d›U wn‡m‡e \"Times New Roman\" d›UwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb Dc‡ii †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|wPÎ : 4.1.6.1.2.1 (d›U Bwj‡g‡›U face A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| 98
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 †cÖvMÖvg bs-42 (p42.html) <font> Bwj‡g›U G face A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html><head> <title> Use of Face Attribute in Font Element </title></head><body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Set different types of Fonts using Face Attribute !</h1> <font face=\"Arial\"> <p> This is a paragraph, shown in the Arial font.</p> </font></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g d›U †dm A¨vwUªweD‡U d›U wn‡m‡e \"Arial\" d›UwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb Dc‡ii †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 4.1.6.1.2.2 (d›U Bwj‡g‡›U face A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)|4.1.6.1.3 t size A¨vwUªweDUI‡qe‡c‡R †U·U Gi mvBR/AvKvi wba©viY/cwieZ©b Kivi Rb¨ d›U Bwj‡g›U G GB A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi n‡q_v‡K|Value :size A¨vwUªweD‡U value/gvb wn‡m‡e bv¤^vi/msL¨v e¨eüZ nq| Gi gvb mvaviYZ 1 †_‡K 7 ch©š— n‡q _v‡K GeseªvDRv‡i Gi ¯^vfvweK gvb n‡‛Q \"3\"| 99
GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15wjLvi wbqg t<font size=\"1-7\">wb‡P size A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t †cÖvMÖvg bs-43 (p43.html) <font> Bwj‡g›U G size A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi|<html><head> <title> Use of Size Attribute in Font Element </title></head><body> <h1 align=\"center\"> Set Fonts Size using Size Attribute !</h1> <font size=\"5\"> This line should be displayed larger than normal size. </font></body></html>†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g d›U mvBR A¨vwUªweD‡U d›U Gi mvBR/AvKvi wn‡m‡e 5 e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z K‡i eªvDRv‡id›U Gi mvBR ¯^vfvweK Gi PvB‡Z wKQzUv eo †`Lv hv‡e|GLb Dc‡ii †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivb Kiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcUy cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|wPÎ : 4.1.6.1.3.1 (d›U Bwj‡g‡›U size A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcUy eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| 100
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