Classical Greece Flipbook (Tonkla, Petch) 1002

CLASSICAL

Time line

490 BC - The Greeks fight the Persians and win the Persians in Two famous battles (the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC). 431 BC - The wars between Sparta and Athens called \"the Peloponnesian Wars\". The wars will last 27 years, Sparta wins and conquered Athens in 404 BC. 399 BC - The famous Greek philosopher Socrates is killed for corrupting the youth of Athens with his teachings. 386 BC - Greek philosopher and student of Socrates, Plato established the first institution of higher learning in the western world called \"the Academy\". https://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_greek _timeline.php

342 BC - The great philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, Aristotle, begins to tutor Alexander until later he is called \"Alexander the Great\" 333 BC - Alexander begins to conquer and defeated the Persians. 332 BC - Alexander the Great conquers Egypt and establishes the new capital of Egypt at Alexandria. He also conquered much of Persia on the way to India. 323 BC - Alexander the Great dies. https://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_greek _timeline.php

Cities

ATHENS

Athens name after God of wisdom Athena focus on knowledge and democracy The agora center of commerce and government for Athen. a place for people to meet and discuss philosophy and government. here is the beginning of democracy.

The Acropolis build on hill middle of athen surround by a stone wall use as a retreat location for people when being attack but later on temple start to build around this location but still use as a fortress anyway on the slope was used as a theatre where a play and festival took place example of play: theatre of Dionysus, the god of wine and patron

THE AGE OF PERICLE The city reach it peak during pericle from 461 BCE to 429 BCE. during this time Pericle promoted democracy, art and literature also he both rebuild and build many sturcture such as rebuilding Acropolis and build Parthenon.

POWER SPARTA WAR

unlike Athene, they focus on war and power SPARTA the most powerful city-state Laconia and Messenia The boy is courageous to steal food and get punish if they got caught locate in the valley on the bank of Europa river, southeastern portion of greece SOCIAL CLASS SPARTAN - the citizen that is born pure Sparta ( exception for people who been adopt and fight well in war ) PERIOIKOI - people who live in Sparta land but not citizen they could own land and trade but they are not citizens HELOT - like a slave they have to share half their product to Sparta, they get beaten every year, forced to wear animal skin and if they try to escape they would be killed

BEING BOY - after they are born they stay with their mother until 7 then they sent to military school ( Agoge ) they learn how to fight, read and write from here - At Agoge they would be beaten to make them stronger, given less food to to get use to life during war and they would fight each other before joining the army at the age of 20 BEING GIRL -They will join the school at the same as the boy ( ade 7 ) but not as serious as the boy they would still exercise so they could give birth to strong child, also they can marry at he age of 18

LOSING YOUR SHIELD IS THE BIGGEST DISGRACE - SPARTA

THEBES

Thebes is a town in central Greece which last for five millennia. It was an important Mycenaean and was a powerful city-state in the Classical period, participating in the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, reaching its peak in the early 4th century BCE while it was the most powerful city in Greece



GEOGRAPHY

Greece is a country in southeastern Europe, known in Greek as Hellas or Ellada few natural resources and surrounded by water Mountains cover 80% of Greece and only small rivers run through a rocky landscape which mostly not supported to do agriculture Because of this so Greeks colonized neighboring islands and founded settlements along the coast of Anatolia Mainland Greece is a large peninsula surrounded on three sides by th Mediterranean Sea Include of: the Ionian Sea in the west, the Aegean Sea in the east, and the southern peninsula called \"the Peloponnese\" https://www.ancient.eu/greece/

LEADER

Socrate 470 BCE - 399 BCE Socrate also known as \" Father of western philosophy \" due to him providing a base for all western philosophy He is a teacher for plato which later on would be the teacher of Aristotle He use to be a soldier but became a questioner of everything and everyone

384 BCE - 322 BCE Aristotle Greek philosopher, he was born in northern Greece both his parent a member of medical family, He was known as \" The first teacher \" and \" The Philosopher \" He is the one who create knowledge for human to learn such as logic, biology, criticism, rhetoic, physics, psychology, math, metaphysic, ethics and politice ALEXANDER THE GREAT TEACHER

Pericles He was born in Athen land his father Xanthippus a war hero, and his mother in a powerful Alcmaeonidae family, he grows with social of artist and philosopher 463 BCE and 461 BCE, Pericles worked to ostracize Cimon for betraying Athens and became the leader of Athens’ democratic party. In 454 BCE he led a successful military in Corinth and sponsored the establishment of Athenian colonies in Thrace and on the Black Sea coast. In 443 BCE he was elected strategos

PERSIAN WAR

Marathon The origin of the battle of the marathon is when the Persian fleet, landing in the Bay of Marathon that is 25 miles faraway from Athens, the Persians are heavily armed with soldiers. But they think that Greeks can't fight well. The Army of Athens sent Persians to kill some 6,000 Persians and lost just 192 Greeks. After the battle, the Athenian Army ran 25 miles back to Athens to prevent the Persians from attacking the city.

Thermopylae The Greeks gathered a small number of soldiers, led by Spartans King Leonidas I and 300 Spartans then decided to meet with the Persians at a narrow lane in the mountains known as Thermopylae. The Greeks suppressed the Persians, killing many thousands of people until the Persians found their way around the mountains and followed the Greeks, King Leonidas told most of the armies to flee. But behind it with a small force, including 300 Sparta, to allow the rest of the Greek army to escape. The Spartans tried to kill as many Persians as they could in the fight.

Salamis Persian Army continues to attack Greece. When they arrived in Athens, they found no one is there. The Athenians have fled already because the Athens fleet was waiting off the coast at Salamis. A much larger Persian fleet attacked the small ships of Athens. They are confident of victory but the Athenians, called the triremes because it was very fast and maneuverable. They crashed into the side of a large Persian ship and sank. They were completely defeated by Persia this cause to force the Xerxes to retreat to Persians

CIVIL WAR

The Cause of the Peloponnesian War The formation of the Delian League in 478 B.C. united several Greek city-states under the military of Athens to guard against the attacks from the Persian Empire. The Peloponnesian War also called \"the First Peloponnesian War\" was the first major fight between Athens and Sparta. It became a 15-year conflict between them and their allies.

The Impact of the Peloponnesian War Athens was absorbed into the Spartan Empire. Athens lost control of the region to Sparta until they were conquered less than a century later and became part of the Macedon Empire.

MACEDON

Macedonia A region that includes parts of northern Greece and the Balkans. The Macedonia Kingdom sometimes called \"Macedon\". It was a crossroads between the Mediterranean and Balkan civilizations. Macedonia became the largest empire in the world under the rule of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC. Since the founding of the Republic of Macedonia in 1991, Macedonians and Greeks have fought to own Macedonia.

Macedonia Macedonia was located along the Aegean Sea on the northeastern part of the Greek Peninsula. Greek political power was in the dominion of southern city-states such as Athens, Sparta, and Thebes until King Phillip II Macedonia conquered these areas in the first half of the fourth century BC.

INVENTION

MODERN SCIENCE They made some astounding discoveries in the fields of astronomy, biology, and physics that broke with contemporary stereotypes. Many ancient Greek intellectuals excelled in mathematics, physics, and astronomy. Aristotle introduced the idea of the earth as a globe. He also classified animals and is often referred to as the father of zoology MODERN PHILOSOPHY They based on reasoning and observation played a pivotal role in the shaping of the Western philosophical tradition. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were philosophers that their studies were used to teach subsequent ages of Romans and other Western cultures.

CATAPULT Dionysius the Elder used the principles of tension, torsion, and leverage behind the crossbow immense stone-thrower, now recognized as the first example of a catapult. The Greeks soon rework and adapt this thing to other invention

GOVERNMENT

4 Types of Government Monarchy - ruled by 1 person Democracy - people hold the power Oligarchy - rule by few selected people, strong military leader Tyranny - one person of higher wealth try hold power

CLASSICAL GREECE RELIGION

Artemis - goddess of the hunt Artemis was the Greek goddess of hunting, wild nature, and chastity. The daughter of Zeus and sister of Apollo, Artemis was regarded as a patron of girls and young women and a protectress during childbirth. her most famous cult site was a fertility goddess at the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus,

apollo - goddess of music, bow and light Apollo was a major Greek god who was associated with the bow, music, and divination. The epitome of youth and beauty, source of life and healing, patron of the civilized arts, and as bright and powerful as the sun itself, Apollo was, arguably, the most loved of all the Greek gods. He was particularly worshipped at Delphi and Delos

Poseidon - god of ocean God of the sea and rivers, creator of storms, floods, earthquakes, and destruction, Poseidon was the most disruptive of all the ancient Greek gods, not only for mortals but also to Zeus’. Despite the above, Poseidon was not always a negative force, and he did have a role as a protector, particularly to mariners, and as the patron of horses and horse breeding. To the Romans, he was known as Neptunus or Neptune.

language Indo-European The Indo-European language is spoken primarily in Greece and has the longest history in an Indo-European language Which spanned 34 centuries. The language separate transliteration tables for classical and modern Greek. Some of the differences in transliteration are the result of changes in the Greek pronunciation.