Thomas john

AhXcn∏n®p. cm{Xn 9 aWntbmSpIqSn AØmghpw Ign™v F√mhcpw kwLmSI¿ Hcp°nbncp∂ Xmak ÿeßfnte°v t]mbn. 27˛mw XnbXn cmhnse ae¶c doØn¬ A¿∏n® Znhy_en°v aphm‰p]pg cq]XbpsS _nj∏v F{_lmw am¿ Pqenbkv {][m\\ Im¿ΩnI\\mbncp∂p. 9 aWn°v PÃnkv kndnbIv tPmk^v AXvambcpsSbpw bph P\\ßfpsSbpw anjy≥ {]h¿Ø\\Øns‚ ]¶mfnØsØ°pdn®v kwkmcn®p. Hcp anj\\dn°v th≠Xv t_m≤yw, D’mlw, XymKw, kl\\w F∂o \\mev Imcy߃ BsW∂v At±lw ]d-™p. hS°v Ing°≥ kwÿm\\ßfnse anj≥ {]h¿Ø\\ ßsf°pdn®v C‰m \\K¿ _nj∏v am¿ tPm¨ tXmakv IXy°pSnbnepw, a≤y`mcXØnse {]h¿Ø\\ßsf°pdn®v C≥tUm¿ _nj∏v am¿ Nmt°m tXm´pamcn°epw kwkmcn®p. tKm{Xh¿§°mcpsS CSbn¬ a‰v aXhn`mK߃°v Imcyamb kzm[o\\w C√mXncp∂Xn\\m¬ {InkvXpaXØnte°v B\\bn°phm≥ _p≤nap´v C√mbncp∂p. hS°v Ing°≥ kwÿm\\ßfn¬ GItZiw 17 e£w {InkvXym\\nIƒ Ds≠∂p IW°m°s∏Sp∂p. D®bv°v `£WØn\\ptijw 14 {Kq∏pIfmbn Xncn®v (1) tIcfk`bpw `mcXanj\\pw ˛ sh√phnfnIfpw, km≤yXIfpw (2) anj\\dn ssZhhnfnIƒ D≠mIphm≥ F¥v sNøWw F∂o hnjbßsf°pdn®v N¿®sNøpIbpw, {Kq∏pIfpsS \\nKa\\߃ AhnsS hmbn°pIbpw sNbvXp. AXnse {]k‡`mK߬. BZyImeØv anj≥ {]h¿Ø\\ßfn¬ D≠mbncp∂ XojvWX Ct∏mƒ ]ecnepw ImWp∂n√. ÿm]\\mImc anjt\\°mƒ km[mcW P\\ßfpsS IqsS Ahsct∏mse Pohn®v kphntijaqey߃°v km£yw hln°p∂ sNdp kaqlßsf bmWn∂mhiyw. k`bpsS kº∂amb hnizmkamWv anj≥{]tZi߃°n∂v th≠Xv. tIcfØnse Hmtcm cq]Xbpw Hmtcm anj≥ Gcnbmbpw ZsØSpØv {]h¿Ø\\߃°v Abv°Ww, doØv Xncn®v ssZhhnfn t]mjn∏n°msX Xpd∂ lyZbtØmsS anj≥ssZhhnfnIƒ {]Zm\\w sNøphm≥ cq]XIƒ XømdmIWw. [ym\\tI{μ߃ hnizmkkm£yØn\\v hnizmknIsf t{]m’mln∏n®v anj\\pIfn¬ hnizmkZo]w sXfn°phm\\pw, PohnXkm£yw hgn anj\\n¬ k`sb sI´n∏Sp°phm\\pw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 51

{ian°Ww. tImSnIƒ apS°n ]pXnb ]ffnIƒ ]Wnbp∂Xnt\\mSpw, hnhmlØn\\pw, ]ffns∏cp∂mfpIƒ°pw ]Ww [q¿ØSn°p Xnt\\mSpw Dff FXn¿∏pw {]ISn∏n®p. hntZicmPyßfn¬ I¨sh≥j\\pIƒ \\SØphm≥ a’cn°p∂ [ym\\tI{μ߃ C¥ybnse anj≥ F∂ hnimeamb hb¬ F¥psIm≠v ad∂pt]mIp∂p? aq∂mw Znhkw cmhnse PÃokv Ipcy≥ tPmk^v tIcfk`bpsS BtKmf t{]jnXkm[yXIsfIpdn®v kwkmcn®p. {InkvXym\\nIƒ HmtcmcpØcpw P∑wsIm≠v anj\\dnamcmsW∂pw Hcp anj\\dn Bbn {]h¿Øn°pI A√ anj\\dn Bbn Pohn°pIbmWv th≠sX∂pw At±lw A`n{]mbs∏´p. aqey߃°p bmsXmcp aqeyhpw \\¬ImØ Hcp ]pXpXeapdbmWv Ct∏mƒ DffXv F∂pw At±lw ]d™p. \\oXn, kaXzw, kmtlmZcyw, kzmX{¥yw F∂o aqey߃°p Du∂¬ \\¬In, ‘Fs‚ PohnXw Hcp ktμiam°phm≥ F\\n°v km[n®p’ F∂v ]dbphm≥ Hcp anj\\dn°v IgnbWw F∂pw At±lw Iq´nt®¿Øp. hnhn[ ÿeßfn¬\\n∂pff anj\\dnamsc BZcn°p∂ NSßn\\v tijw sI.kn._n.kn sk{I´dn P\\d¬ B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ amXyp aqe°m´v, I¿±n\\mƒ am¿ tPm¿÷v Bet©cn, B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ kqtk]mIyw F∂nhcpsS {][m\\ Im¿anIXzØn¬ s]m¥^n°¬ Ip¿∫m\\ D≠mbncp∂p. 500 BfpIƒ ]s¶SpØ Cu ktΩf\\w hfsc anI® coXnbn¬ kwLSn∏n® ]n.H.kn.UbdIvS¿ _lp. h¿§okv hffn°m´v A®\\pw kl{]h¿ØI¿°pw A`n\\μ\\߃. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 52

_men Zzo]v k©m-cn-I-fpsS ]dp-Zok Gjy≥ `qJ-WvU-Ønse Zzo]v kaq-l-amb C≥tUm-t\\-jy- bnse _men-bn-te°v 2018 sabv 19-˛mw XobXn bm{X t]mIp-hm≥ F\\n°v `mKyw D≠m-bn. Rß-fpsS IpSpw-_-Ønse 11 t]cmWv Cu bm{X-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv. s\\Sp-ºm-t»cn hnam-\\-Øm-h-f-Øn¬\\n∂v cm{Xn 11.30 \\v Fb¿ Gjy-bpsS hnam-\\-Øn¬ R߃ bm{X ]pd- s∏-´p. 20-˛mw XobXn Rmb¿ cmhnse 6.30 \\v ate-jy-bpsS Xe-ÿm- \\-amb tImem-e-ºq-cn¬ FØn. C≥Uy-bnse ka-bw, ate-jy-bpw, C≥tUm-t\\-jy-bp-ambn c≠c aWn°q¿ ]pd-In-em-Wv. AXm-bXv C≥Uy≥ kabw cmhnse 4 aWn. Ahn-sS-\\n∂pw aq∂v aWn-°q¿ bm{X-sNbvXv D®bv°v 1.30 \\v R߃ _men-bpsS Xe-ÿm-\\-amb sU≥_-km-dn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. Hcp bm{X-°m-c\\v 7 Intem `mcw am{X-amWv ssIbn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-Im-hp-∂-Xv. IqSp-X¬ km[-\\-߃ sIm≠p-t]m-I-W-sa-¶n¬ Hcp Intem-{Km-an\\v GI-tZiw 200 cq]-h®v A[nIw sImSp-t°-≠n-h-cpw. sIm®n-bn¬\\n∂pw _men-bn¬t]mbn Xncn-sI-h-cp-∂Xn\\v Hcmƒ°v 28300 cq] BIpw. R߃ 15 Znhkw ap≥]mWv Sn°‰v FSp-Ø-Xv. 2 amkw ap≥]v FSp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 20000 cq]-bn¬ Xmsg Sn°‰v e`n-°pw. Rß-fn¬Xs∂ HcmgvN Ign™v FSp-Ø-h¿°v 37400 cq] sImSp-t°-≠n-h-∂p. _men-bn¬ kμ¿i\\w \\S-Øp-∂-Xn\\v hnk-Nm¿Pv C√. \\ΩpsS ]mkvt]m¿´v Can-t{K-j-\\n¬Im-Wn®v ko¬ ASn®v ]pd- tØbv°v t]mImw. Rßsf kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ ssKUv ]pdØv ImØp- \\n-ev]p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp∂ hm\\n¬ Ibdn R߃ C≥Uy≥ dtÃmd- ‚ns- eØn D®`- £- W- hpw Ign™v, Iq´ F∂ ÿe- Øp≈ Hardy’s Rafa Hotel ¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p 3 Znh-khpw Xma-kn-®-Xv. temI-{]-kn-≤-ß-fmb ]e _o®pIfpw _men- bn¬ D≠v. GI-tZiw Hcp aWn-°q¿ bm{X-sNbvXv \\qh-kph _o®n¬ FØn. AhnsS H∂-c-a-Wn-°q-tdmfw Nne-h-gn-®-Xn-\\p-tijw AØm- ghpw Ign®v cm{Xn 11 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn tlm´-en¬ FØn. F√m Znh-khpw, Xma-kn-°p∂ tlm´-en¬X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p {]`m-X-`-£-Ww. C≥tUm-t\\-jy-bn¬ BsI 139 A·n-]¿Δ-X-߃ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 53

D≠v. AXn¬ 127 FÆw Ct∏mgpw ]pI-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. 17000 sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb Zzo]p-Iƒ D≈ Hcp cmPy-am-Wv C≥tUm- t\\-jy. _men, Pmh, P°m¿Ø XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv {][m\\ Zzo]p-Iƒ. Pmh-bnse sIeq-±v, sadm]n F∂o A·n-]¿Δ-X-߃ s]m´n-b-t∏mƒ At\\-Im-bncw Bfp-Iƒ sIm√-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. 21-˛mw XnbXn cmhnse R߃ aq∂p-a-Wn-°q¿ bm{X-sNbvXv In¥m-aWn F∂ ÿeØv FØn. Ip´n-°m-\\w-t]mse XWp∏p≈ Hcp ÿe-am-Wv. R߃ D®-`-£Ww Ign® ‘sSd v’ tlm´-en¬ \\n∂m¬ FXn¿h-iØp≈ ae-bn¬ A·n-]¿ΔXw ]pI-bp-∂Xv ImWmw. temI-Øns‚ hnhn-[-`m-K-ß-fn¬\\n-∂p≈ At\\Iw kμ¿i- I¿ AhnsS FØp-∂p. ae-bn¬\\n∂v A·n-]¿ΔXw s]m´n emh Xmtgbv°v Hgp-Inb {]tZiw Idp-Ø-\\n-d-Øn¬ ImWmw. AhnsS\\n∂v XncnsIbp≈ bm{Xb- n¬ R߃ temIØ- nse {]i-kvX-am-b-Xpw, G‰hpw hne-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb ‘ephm°v’ Im∏n-s∏mSn DZv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ Im∏n-tØm-´-hpw, ^mIvS-dnbpw I≠p. Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn-emWv ChnsS Im∏n-s∏mSn \\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xv. tXm´-Øn¬ D≠m- Ip∂ Im∏n-°pcp shcp-In\\v `£-W-ambn sImSp-°pw. AXns‚ ImjvSw tiJ-cn®v Xnf-®-sh-≈-Øn¬ Igp-In-b-tijw DW°n ]pdw- tXmSpw \\o°n ho≠pw NqSm°n CSn®v s]mSn-°p-∂p. 1 Intem{Kmw Im∏n-s∏m-Sn°v \\ΩpsS 15000-cq] sImSp-°-Ww. AhnsS ]e cpNn-t`- Z-ß-fp≈ hnhn[ C\\w Im∏n cpNn®v t\\m°p-hm≥, Xcpw. ephm°v Im∏n°v am{Xw ss]k sImSp-°-Ww. tdmUns‚ Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw Imt_-Pv, Hmd©v tXm´-ß-fpw, Ip∂n≥sN-cp-hp-I-fn¬ ]e X´p-I-fn¬ s\\¬Irjn sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xpw ImW-mw. CXn\\v ssdkv sSdkv F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. FhnsS t\\m°n-bmepw a™-]q-°ƒ \\nd™ [mcmfw sNº-I-a-c-߃ ImWmw. hnam-\\-Øm-h-f-Øn¬ Rßsf sNº-I-∏q-ame AWn-bn-®mWv hc-th-‰-Xv. _men-bnse hoSp-Iƒ F√mw {]tXyI coXn-bn-em-Wv. F√m ho´nepw Hcp IpSpw-_-t£{Xw D≠v. AhnsS B ho´p-Imcpw Ah- cpsS _‘p°- fpw am{Xw ]qPb- v°mbn t]mIp∂- p. s]mXpP- \\- ß- ƒ°v th≠n At\\Iw t£{X-߃ D≠v. hgn-bn-ep-S-\\ofw lnμp tZh-∑m- cpsS henb {]Xn-a-Iƒ ImWmw. AXp-t]mse tdmUns‚ Ccp-h-i- ß-fnepw I√p-sIm-≠pw, XSn-sIm≠pw Ic-Iu-i-e-h-kvXp-°ƒ \\n¿Ωn- °p∂ At\\Iw hyh-kmb ÿm]-\\-ßfpw ImWmw. CsX√mw ]e cmPy-ß-fn-te°pw Ib-‰n- A-bv°p-∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 54

\\ΩpsS Hcp cq] sImSp-Øm¬ Ahn-SsØ 200 cq] In´pw. dp]b F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Hcp Ip∏n sh≈-Øn\\v 6000 dp]-b, Hcp j¿´n\\v Hcp e£w dp]b. Cßs\\ Hs°-bmWv hne. 100 bp.-F-kv. tUmf¿ amdn-bm¬ Ahn-SsØ ]Xn-aq-∂-c-e£w cq] In´pw. 42 e£w P\\-߃ A[n-h-kn-°p∂ _men-bn¬ `qcn-]£w P\\-ßfpw lnμp- °-fm-Wv. _men-\\okv BWv `mj. ChnsS _kv k¿Δo-kp-Iƒ hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. `qcn-]£w Bfp-Ifpw Ccp-N-{I-hm-l-\\-ß-fn-emWv k©- cn-°p-∂-Xv. sdbn¬ KXm-KXw ChnsS FØn-bn-´n-√. aq∂mwZ- nh- kw R߃ X\\qßv _t\\mh _o®ne- mWv cmhnse t]mb-Xv. AhnsS [mcmfw hntZ-in-Iƒ hcp∂ Hcp ÿe-am-Wv. kv]oUvt_m-´n¬ IS-en-eqsS bm{X-sNbvXv Turtle Island (B-a-Zzo-]v) ImWphm≥ t]mbn. ]e hep-∏-Øn-ep≈ Ba, ]mºv XpS-ßn-bhsb AhnsS hf¿Øp-∂p. hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Pe-hn-t\\m-Z-߃ ChnsS D≠v. [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ Cu Ifn-I-fn¬ ]s¶Sp-°p∂p. D®bv°v C≥tUm-t\\-jy≥ tlm´-en¬ `£Ww Ign®v sshIp-t∂cw sS\\m- tem´v Aºew ImWp-hm≥ t]mbn. Ic-bn¬\\n∂v Aev]w AIse IS-en¬ Hcp ]md-s°-´n-\\p-ap-I-fn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Cu Aºew kμ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\\v [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ FØp-∂p. _men-bn¬ t]mIp- ∂-h¿ Cu ÿew ImWp-hm≥ ad-°-cp-Xv. \\memw-Zn-hkw D®bv°v H∂-c-bv°p≈ hnam-\\-Øn¬ sImem- ew-]q-cn-te°v t]mbn. ASpØ c≠v Znhkw Ahn-SsØ ImgvN-Ifpw I≠v 25-˛mw XobXn cm{Xn 12 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn sIm®n-bn¬ Xncn-s®- Øn. R߃ 11 t]cpw Hcp Ipg-∏hpw IqSmsX Xncn-s®-Øn-b-Xn\\v Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn\\v \\μn ]d-bp-∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 55

lnamebØns‚ aSnØ´n¬ 1 temIØnse G‰hpw Dbcap≈ sImSpapSnbmb ‘FhdÃv’ ÿnXn sNøp∂ lnameb ae \\ncIƒ C¥y, ssN\\, ]m°nÿm≥, t\\∏mƒ, `q´m≥ F∂ncmPyßfnembn hym]n®p InS°p∂p. PΩpImivao¿, lnamN¬ {]tZiv, DØcm©¬, kn°nw, AcpWN¬ {]tZiv, taLmeb, \\mKmem≥Uv, aWn]q¿, antkmdmw, {Xn]pc, Bkmw, _wKmƒ F∂o kwÿm\\߃ lnamebØns‚ `mKßfmWv. 1982, 2010, 2012, 2019 h¿jßfn¬ R߃ \\SØnb bm{XIfneqsS Imivao¿ apX¬ _wKmfnse Um¿PnenwKv hsc lnamebØns‚ {][m\\s∏´ ]eÿeßfpw kμ¿in°phm≥ km[n®p. Imivaocn¬, `oIc{]h¿Ø\\߃ Bcw`n°p∂Xn\\v ap≥]v 1982 emWv t]mbXv. tIcf FIvkv{]kn¬ U¬lnbn¬ FØn ASpØ Znhkw C¥y≥ Fb¿ sse≥kv hnam\\Øn¬ Imivaocns‚ Xeÿm\\amb {io\\Kdntebv°v t]mbn. 2 aWn°pdn¬ Xmsgbmbncp∂p bm{Xmkabw. Hcp aebmfn sshZnIs‚ AXnYnbmbn kvIqfns‚ KÃvluknembncp∂p Xmakw, AhnsS Xmakn®psIm≠v Imivaocnse {][m\\ SqdnÃv tI{μßfmb Kp¬ta¿Kpw, ^m¬Kmapw kμ¿in®p. {io\\Kdn¬ \\n∂v Kp¬ta¿Kntebv°v≈ bm{X \\b\\at\\mlcambncp∂p. tdmUns‚ Ccphißfnepw a™phoWv I´ ]nSn®p InS∂ncp∂p. kap{Z\\nc∏n¬ \\n∂pw FItZiw 8500 ASn DbcØn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ Cu ÿew a™pI´bpsS apIfneqsS Dff ]e ImbnI hnt\\mZ߃°pw {]kn≤amWv. A\\h[n lnμn kn\\naIfpw, a‰v `mjmNn{Xßfpw ChnsS Nn{XoIcn®n´p≠v. ]I¬ apgqh≥ AhnsS Nnehgn®v, k‘ytbmSpIpSn XmakÿeØv Xncns®Øn. ASpØ Znhkw ^m¬Kmw kμ¿in®p. sam´Ip∂pIfpw, AcphnIfpw ÿnXnsNøp∂ Hcp kaXe {]tZiamWv ChnSw. IpXnc∏pdØv k©cn®v AhnSpsØ ImgvNIƒ I≠pa-S-ßn. sshIpt∂cw lukvt_m´n¬ Xmakn®p. AhnSpsØ lukv t_m´pIƒ XSmIØn¬ shdpsX sI´n C´ncn°pIbmWv, bm{XsNøphm≥ km[n°Øn√. ASpØ Znhkw {]ikvXamb Um¬ XSmIØneqsS jn°mcbn¬ k©cn°pIbpw AXn\\p tijw jmenam¿, \\njm¥v F∂o DZym\\߃ kμ¿in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ch c≠pw. apKƒ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 56

cmPm-°-∑m¿ \\n¿Ωn® AXn-a-t\\m-l-c-ß-fmb DZym-\\-ß-fm-Wv. {io\\Kdn¬ \\n∂pw PΩphntebv°v Imdnep≈ bm{X F∂pw Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂ H∂mWv. cmhnse bm{X XpSßnbm¬ sshIpt∂camWv PΩphn¬ FØp∂Xv. hgn \\osf ]m´mf hml\\߃ hcnhcnbmbn {io\\Kdntebv°v t]mIp∂Xv ImWmw. c≠v Intemao‰dne[nIw Zqcap≈ Hcp XpcwKØn¬ IqSnbpw bm{Xbp≠v. PΩphn¬ \\n∂pw Xncn®v \\yqU¬lnbntebv°v s{Sbn\\n¬ bm{Xbmbn. 2010 ˛- ¬ lnamN¬ {]tZinse Ipfp, aWmen, [cwime F∂o ÿe߃ kμ¿in®p. RßfpsS ho´n¬ \\n∂pw 16 t]cmWv kwLØn¬ D≠mbncp∂Xv. N≥UnKdn¬ \\n∂pw hmSIbv°v FSpØ _kn¬ cmhnse ]pds∏´p. Hcp hiØv henb aebpw adphiØv AKm[amb sIm°bpap≈ hoXnIpd™ hgn A£cm¿∞Øn¬ \\sΩ t]Sns∏SpØp∂XmWv. tdmUns‚ Ccp-h- i-ß-fnepw [mcmfw B∏nƒ sNSn-Iƒ ImWmw. k‘ytbmSpIpSn R߃ aWmenbn¬ FØn sÿenwKv dntkm¿´n¬ Xmakn®p. cmhnse {]kn≤amb tdmØwKv ]mkv ImWp∂Xn\\mbn AhnsS {IaoIcn®ncp∂ 2 hml\\ßfnembn ]pds∏´p. Zp¿LSamb hgnIfneqsS 3 aWn°q¿ bm{X -sNbvXv AhnsS FØn. kap{Z\\nc∏n¬ \\n∂v 12500 ASn DbcØn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ ChntSbv°p≈ hgn h¿jØn¬ ]IpXn kabhpw a™v hoW Ah- ÿ-bn-em-Wv. ChnsS At\\Iw A]IS acW߃ kw`hn°p∂p. “ tdmØwKv”F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w ‘ arXicocßfpsS \\new’ F∂mWv. Cu DbcØn¬ HmIvknP≥ e`n°phm≥ _p≤nap´nb Rßfn¬ Nne¿ Xncn®p t]m∂p. ASpØ Znhkw [cwimebntebv°v t]mbn. Sn_‰n¬ \\n∂pw A`bm¿∞nIfmbn FØnbn´p≈ [mcfw _p≤aX°m¿ hkn°p∂ ÿeamWv ChnSw. AhnSsØ _p≤aX t£{XØn¬ t]mIphm\\pw cmPym¥c ktΩf\\Øn\\v AhnsS FØnbncp∂ Zsseemasb ImWphm\\pw km[n®p. AhnSw kμ¿in°phm≥ DtZin°p∂h¿ aIvtemUv K©n¬ Xmakn°pI. Rm≥ t]mbn´p≈Xn¬ G‰hpw CjvSs∏´ ÿeamWv CXv. 1852 ˛¬ kv\\m]I tbml∂ms‚ \\maØn¬ \\n¿Ωn® ST. John’s tZhmebhpw kμ¿in®v AarXvkdntebv°v ]pd-s∏´p. Aar-Xvk-dn¬ R߃ BZyw kμ¿in-®Xv kzmX-{¥y- k- a-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v 1919 G{]n¬ 13 \\v {_n´o-jvIm¿ Bbn-c-°-W- °n\\v C≥Uy-°msc Iq´-°p-cpXn \\S-Ønb Pmen-b≥hm-em-_mKv awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 57

BWv. At\\Iw hoSpI- f- m¬ Np‰s- ∏´ Cu ÿeØ- p\\- n∂v ]pdt- Ø°v t]mIp-hm≥ CSp-ßnb hgn-Iƒ am{X-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. `nØn-I- fn¬ shSn-bp≠ Xd®v Ib-dnb ]mSp-Iƒ Ct∏mgpw Zriy-am-Wv. AXn- \\p-tijw kn°v aX-°m-cpsS {][m\\ ]pWy-ÿ-e-amb kph¿W- t£{Xw kμ¿in-®p. At\\Iw G°-dp-I-fn-embn hym]n®v InS-°p∂ ChnsS C≥Uy-bpsS \\m\\m ÿe-ß-fnepw \\n∂pw [mcmfw kn°p- Im¿ FØp-∂p. Chn-SsØ sh≈-Øn¬ Ipfn-®m¬ Ah-cpsS ]m]w F√mw tamNn°s∏Spw F∂v Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ASp-Ø Zn-hkw R߃ Hcp aWn-°q¿ bm{X-sN-bvXv ]m°n-ÿm-\\p-ambn AXn¿Øn ]¶n-Sp∂ hmKm t_m¿U-dn-te-°mWv t]mb-Xv. F√m Znh-khpw sshIp-t∂cw Ccp cmPy-ß-fp-sSbpw ]XmI XmgvØp∂ Hcp NS-ßp- ≠v. CXn\\v km£n-Iƒ BIp-hm≥ th≠n [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ FØp- ∂p. kqcym-kvX-a-b-Øn\\v sXm´v ap≥]mWv NSßv F¶nepw aWn-°q- dpI- ƒ°v ap≥t]X- s∂ BfpI- ƒ FØp∂- p. P\\ß- ƒ°v Ccn°- ph- m≥ Kymedn \\n¿Ωn-®n-´p-≠v. `mcXv-amXm Io Pbv hnfn-I-fmepw lnμn tZi- `-‡n-Km-\\-ß-fmepw i_vZ-ap-J-cn-X-amb ChnsS Ccn-°p-tºmƒ \\Ωƒ°v Hcp {]tXyI tZi-kvt\\lw D≠m-Ipw. Chn-sS-\\n∂v \\Ωƒ Pbv hnf- n°- pt- ºmƒ adph- i- Ø- p\\- n∂v ]m°v Pbv hnfnI- fpw tIƒ°mw. c≠v sImSn-Ifpw Htc ka-b-ØmWv XmgvØp-∂-Xv. AXn¿Øn-tK‰v Xpd∂v c≠v cmPy-ß-fp-sSbpw ]´m-f-°m¿ ]c-kv]cw A`n-hmZyw sNbvXv XßfpsS tZio-b-]-Xm-I-bp-ambn aS-ßp∂ ImgvN Ahn-kva- c-Wo-b-am-Wv. ASpØ Znhkw Aar-Xvkdn¬\\n∂pw tIc-f-Øn-te°v s{Sbn-\\n¬ ]pd-s∏-´p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 58

lnamebØns‚ aSnØ´n¬ 2 lnam-eb ae-\\n-c-I-fpsS `mK-amb DØ-cm-J-WvUnse lcn- Zzm¿, Ejn-tI-iv, akqdn F∂o- ÿ-e-߃ 2012 ¬ kμ¿in-°phm≥ CS-bm-bn. U¬ln-bn¬\\n∂pw hmS-Ibv°v FSpØ hm\\n-em-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS b{X. D®-I-gn™v 3 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn lcn-Zzm-dn¬ FØn. lnμp-°-fpsS Hcp {][m-\\-s∏´ Xo¿∞m-S-\\-tI-{μ-amb Chn-sS-bmWv lnam-e-b-Øns‚ Xmgvhm-c-Øn¬\\n∂pw KwKm-\\Zn th¿]n-cn-™p-t]m- Ip∂Xv. ]pWy-Zn-\\-ß-fn¬ FØp∂ e£-°-W-°n\\v `‡¿°v Ipfn- °p-hm≥ Ccp Ic-I-fnepw Intem-ao-‰-dp-Iƒ Zqc-Øn¬ ]Sn-Iƒ sI´n- bn-´p-≠v. cm{Xn-bn¬ Cu ]SnI-fn¬\\n∂p-sIm≠v Xnf-ßp∂ hnf-°p- Iƒ sh≈-Ønsemgp°n Bfp-Iƒ KwKm- B-cXn \\n¿Δln-°p-∂p. Hcp henb ae-bpsS apI-fn-embn {io amXm am\\-k-tZhn t£{Xw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. Ahn-tSbv°v t]mIp-hm≥ tI_nƒ Im¿ e`y-am- Wv. ae-ap-I-fn¬ FØn ImgvN-Iƒ I≠-Xn\\p-tijw R߃ Ejn- tI-in-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. cm{Xn 9 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn AhnsS FØn tlm´- en¬ Xma-kn-®p. lnam-e-b-Øns‚ Xmgvhmc-Øn¬ KwKm-\\-Zn-tbmSp tN¿∂v ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Hcp ]pWy-\\-K-c-amWv Ein-tI-iv. KwKm-\\-Zn-bn-eqsS tamt´m¿ LSn-∏n® h≈-Øn¬ bm{X-sNbvXv adp-I-c-bn-ep≈ t£{Xhpw B{i-ahpw ImWp-hm≥ t]mbn. tbmKm-bp-sS-bpw, [ym\\- Øn-s‚bpw Hcp tI{μ-am-bn-´mWv Cu \\Kcw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu ]pWy\\- Z- nb- ne- qsS \\SØ- nb bm{X Ahnk- vac- W- ob- a- mW- v. im¥ kpμ- c-amb Cu ÿe-ß-fn-eqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ `‡n-bp-sS-˛-Cu-iz-c- ssN-X-\\y-Øns‚ Hcp A\\p-`hw \\ap°v D≠m-Ipw. Ahn-sS-\\n∂pw R߃ Udm-Uq¨ Unkv{S-nIv‰nse kpJ-hm-k-tI-{μ-amb akq-dn-bn- te°- mWv t]mbX- v. G{]n¬ apX- ¬ Pq¨ hs- cb- mWv ChnSw kμ¿in- °p-∂-Xn-\\p≈ A\\p-tbm-Py-amb ka-bw. Udm-Uq-Wn¬\\n∂pw 35 Intem-ao-‰¿ AI-se- kap-{Z-\\n-c-∏n¬\\n∂pw 1900 ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ ÿnXns- Nø- p∂ ChnSw knhn¬ k¿Δokv DtZymK- m¿∞nI- f- psS {][m- \\-s∏´ Hcp ]cn-io-e-\\-tI{μw IqSn-bm-Wv. akq-dn-bn¬\\n∂pw R߃ U¬ln-bn-te°v aS-ßn. 2019 G{]n-en¬ kn°n-anse KmwKvtSm-°v, ]›n-a-_w-Km-fnse Um¿Pn-enwKv F∂o ÿe-߃ kμ¿in-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p. cmhnse awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 59

2.30 \\v sIm®n-bn¬ \\n∂pw ]pd-s∏´v t_mws_ hgn 11.30 \\v _wKm- fnse _mKvtUmKvc hnam-\\-Øm-h-f-Øn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. D®-`-£- WØ- n\\- pt- ijw c≠v Ct∂mh ImdpI- f- n¬ R߃ 12 t]¿ 125 Intem- ao-‰¿ Zqsc-bp≈ KmwKvtSm-°n-te°v Xncn-®p. Hcp hiØv lnam-e- b≥ ae\\ncbpw adph- i- Øv AKm[- a- mb K¿Øhpambn hoXnI- pd- ™ hgn-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ bm{X `oXn-bp-f-hm-°n. ]e-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw XI¿∂ tdmUp-Ifpw KXm-KX Ipcp-°p-w aqew bm{X XS- -s∏-´p. cm{Xn 8 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn KmwKvtSm-°nse sÿenwKv dntkm¿´n¬ FØn- t®¿∂p. ASpØ Znhkw cmhnse ]pjv]-^-e-{]-Z¿i-\\w, _p≤-a-X- t£-{Xw, ae-ap-I-fn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ lnμp-t£{Xw XpSßnbh kμ¿in-®p. D®-`-£-W-Øn-\\p-tijw kn°nw k¿°m-cns‚ Ic-Iu- ie aμnc- h- pw, C≥Uyb- nse F√m kwÿm\\- ß- f- ns- ebpw s\\bvØvim- eI- ƒ ]s¶S- p°- p∂ hnev]\\- t- I{- μhpw I≠p. sshIpt- ∂cw 5 aWn°v ]´-W-Øns‚ lrZ-b-`m-KØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Fw.-Pn. tdmUv kμ¿in- ®p. GI-tZiw 2 Intem-ao-‰¿ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ Cu tdmUn¬ KXm-KXw ]q¿Æ-ambpw \\ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu tdmUns‚ Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw hm-WnPy ÿm]-\\-ßfpw tlm´epIfpw D≠v. tdmUns‚ apgp-\\o-f- Øn¬ a≤y-`m-K-Ømbn k©m-cn-Iƒ°v hn{i-an-°p-hm≥ [mcmfw _©p-Ifpw sNdnb ]qt¥m-´-ßfpw amen\\yw \\nt£-]n-°p-hm-\\p≈ kuI-cy-ßfpw Hcp-°n-bn-´p-≠v. cm{Xn F´p-hsc \\√ Xnc-°p≈ Cu tdmUv hfsc hrØnb- mbn kq£n®- nc- n°- p∂- p. a[y`- mK- Ø- mbn Km‘n- {]-Xna ÿm]n-®n-´p-≠v. Rm≥ ]e ÿe-ßfpw kμ¿in-®n´ps≠- ¶nepw ]´W- Ø- ns‚ a[yØ- n¬ CXpt- ]mse at\\ml- c- a- mb H∂v thsd Fßpw I≠n-´n√. ASp-Ø-Zn-hkw cmhnse R߃ \\mYp-e-bn-te-bv°mWv t]mb-Xv. KmwKvtSm-°n¬\\n∂pw 55 Intem-ao-‰¿ AI-se-bp≈ Chn- tS°v t]mIp-hm≥ SqdnÃv Un∏m¿´vsa‚ns‚ ]mkv \\n¿∫-‘-am-Wv. Xncn-®-dn-b¬ Im¿Uv, 2 ]mkvt]m¿´v sskkv t^mt´m F∂nh Hcp Znhkw ap≥]v sImSpØv ]mkv hm-ßn-bm¬ am{Xta t]mIp-hm≥ A\\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bp-≈q. G-{]n¬ amk-amWv \\mYpe kμ¿in-°p-hm≥ A\\p-tbm-Py-amb ka-bw. cmhnse ]pd-s∏-´-t∏mƒ Xs∂ a™p- s]mXn™v InS-°p-∂ ae-\\n-c-Iƒ ZqscI≠p. hf-hpw Xncn-hp-ap≈ tdmUne- qsS 3 aWn°q¿ bm{Xs- Nb- vXmWv AhnsS FØnb- X- v. bm{Xm- at[y Iºn-fn-h-kv{X-߃, sFkns‚ aosX \\S-°p-hm-\\p≈ _q´v, sXm∏n, F∂nh hmS-Ibv°v In´p∂ ÿe-Øv\\n∂v hmßn. kap-{Z- \\n-c-∏n¬\\n∂pw 14000 ASn Db-c-ap≈ AhnsS R߃ cmhnse 11 awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 60

aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn FØn-t®¿∂p. tdmUn-se√mw a™p-I´ hoWv \\nd™v InS-°p-∂p. TSOMGO XSmIw Hcp hiØpw a™p-a-e-Iƒ adp-h-iØpw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Cu {]tZ-iw \\b-\\-a-t\\m-l-c-am-Wv. \\mYpe ]mkv hgn-bmWv Sn_-‰n-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xv. ISpØ a™v hogvN-aqew h¿j-Øn¬ `qcn-`mKw Znh-k-ß-fnepw KXm-KXw XS-™n- cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. c≠p-a-Wn-°q¿ Nne-h-gn-®-Xn-\\p-tijw Xncn®v tlm´- en-te°v t]mbn. ASp-Ø-Zn-hkw cmhnse Ahn-sS-\\n∂pw 98 In. ao‰¿ AI- se-bp≈ ]›n-a- _w-Km-fnse kpJ-hm-k-tI-{μ-amb Um¿Pn-enw-Kn- te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. temI-k`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏v {]N-mc-W-Øns‚ `mK- ambn _wKmƒ apJy-a{¥n aa-Xm-_m-\\¿Pn AhnsS A∂v kμ¿in- °p-∂-Xn-\\m¬ KXm-K-X-\\n-b-{¥-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]´-W-Øn-te°v hml- \\-߃ \\ntcm-[n-®n-cp-∂Xn\\m¬ R߃ tlm´-en¬ Xs∂ Ign- bpIbpw A¥-cn® amWn-km-dns‚ arX-kw-kvIm-c-N-S-ßp-Iƒ Sn.-hn.- bn¬ ImWp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sh≈n-bmgvN cmhnse ImgvN-Iƒ ImWp-∂-Xn-\\mbn ]pd-s∏- ´p. BZy-ambn kμ¿in-®Xv 1958 ¬ DZvLm-S\\w sNø-s∏´ ]flP \\mbnUp lnam-e-b≥ ImgvN_w•mhmWv. kap-{Z-\\n-c-∏n¬\\n∂pw 7000 ASn Db-c-Øn¬ 70 G°-dn-embn hym]n-®p-In-S-°p∂ CXv C≥Uy- bn¬ G‰hpw Db-c-Øn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ ImgvN-_w-•mhmWv. a‰v ÿeß- f- n¬ ImWph- m≥ km[n°- mØ lna°- c- S- nb- pw, a‰t- \\Iw arK- ßfpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. AXn-\\p-tijw _p≤-a-X-t£-{X-hpw, temI-a- lm-bp-≤-߃°v tijw \\n¿Ωn® Peace Pagodabpw (k-am-[m\\ ku[w) kμ¿in®- p. ]n∂oSv Sn_‰- n¬\\n∂pw ]memb- \\w sNbvX A`- bm¿∞n-Isf Xma-kn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ Tibetan Settlement ImWp-hm≥ t]mbn. Ah¿ \\n¿Ωn-°p∂ Ic-Iu-ie km[-\\-߃ AhnsS e`n-°pw. \\Ωƒ k©cn-°p∂ tdmUn-eqsS-Xs∂ \\n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p∂ Um¿P-enwKv lnam-e-b≥ sdbn¬sh a‰v ÿe-ß-fn¬ ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°mØ H∂m- Wv. s{Sbn≥, tdmUv t{Imkv sNøp-tºmƒ a‰v hml-\\-߃ sskUv tN¿Øv \\ndp-Øn-bn-Spw. Bcm-[\\ kn\\n-a-bnse ‘sacn k]vt\\mw Io dmWn’ F∂ {]i-kvX-amb Km\\w Nn{Xo-I-cn-®Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. sshIp- t∂cw Ahn-SsØ amƒ am¿°-‰n¬ tjm∏nwKpw \\S-Øn-b-Xn-\\p-tijw tlm´e- nt- e°v t]mbn. i\\nb- mgvN cmhnse Ahns- S\\- n∂pw _mKvtUmKvcm hnam-\\-Øm-h-f-Øn¬ FØn _mwKvfq¿ hgn cm{Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn s\\Sp-ºm- t»-cn-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 61

Ncn{Xamb kvs]j¬ _m®v {]oUn{Kn Db¿∂ am¿°n¬ ]mkmbh¿°v th≠n tIcf k¿ΔIemime 1966 ¬ kvs]j¬ BSc Fs∂mcp tImgvkv XpSßn. B tImgvkn\\v aqt∂ aq∂v h¿jta Bbpkv D≠mbncp∂p≈p. Aßs\\ 1967˛70 _m®n¬ tIm´bw kn.Fw.Fkv tImtfPn¬ ^nknIvkv kvs]j¬ BSc ]Tn°phm≥ F\\n°v `mKyw In´n. Xncph√, a√∏≈n, ]Ø\\wXn´, ISpØpcpØn, IpdhneßmSv XpSßnb ÿeßfn¬ \\n∂v Db¿∂ am¿°v t\\Sn {]oUn{Kn ]mkmb 15 B¨Ip´nIfpw 5 s]¨Ip´nIfpw AS°w 20 t]cmWv ¢mknep≠mbncp∂Xv. D∂X hnZym`ymkØn\\v R߃°v ap≥KW\\ D≠mIpw F∂mWv BZyw ]d™ncp∂Xv. F∂m¬ BZy _m®v ]mkmbt∏mƒ Xs∂ \\bw am‰pIbpw bqWnthgvkn‰n {]kvXpX tImgvkv \\ndpØem°pIbpw sNbvXp. 1970 ¬ ]TnØw Ign™v F√mhcpw \\m\\mZn°ntebv°v bm{Xbmbn. 2016 ¬ Rm≥ Atacn°bn¬ aItfmsSm∏w D≠mbncp∂ kabØv IqsS ]Tn®ncp∂ ]n.kn tXmakv Im\\Ubnse sSmdt‚mbn¬ Ds≠∂dn™p. R߃ XΩn¬ t^mWn¬ _‘s∏´v c≠p t]¿°pw Xpey Zqcap≈ Cudn F∂ ÿeØv sh®v sk]vXw_dn¬ I≠pap´n. R߃ IpSpw_ktaXw GXm\\pw aWn°q¿ sNehgn®Xn\\vtijw ]ncn™p. 2016 \\hw_dn¬ At±lw Xncph\\¥]pcØv h∂t∏mƒ R߃ 5 kl]mTnIƒ Hcpan®v IqSn GXm\\pw aWn°qdpIƒ Nnehgn®p. 2018 P\\phcnbn¬ _m°n D≈htcbpw Iq´n tImtfPn¬ BZykwKaw \\SØmw F∂ [mcWbn¬ ]ncn™p. 2017 Pq¨ amkw apXep≈ Fs‚ ]cn{ia ^eambn HcmsfmgnsI F√mhcpambn _‘s∏Sphm\\pw 2018 P\\phcn 2 \\v tImtfPn¬ sh®v kwKaw \\SØphm\\pw Xocpam\\n®p. imcocnImkzÿXIƒ AhKWn®v FØnb \\mev A≤ym]Iscbpw s]m∂mSbWnbn®p. Hm¿Ωbntebv°v ad™ {]nb kplrØv _me kp{_aWyØn\\v Iq´mbva BZcmRvPen A¿∏n®p. F√mhcpsamØv IpacIØv \\SØnb h©nhoSv bm{X F∂pw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 62

Hm¿Ωbn¬ D≠mIpw. Hcpan®ncp∂v XamiIƒ ]d™pw, Hm¿ΩIƒ ]¶psh®pw, D®`£Whpw, Im∏nIpSnbpw Ign™v Bdv aWntbmSpIqSn tImtfPn¬ Xncns®Øn. 2020 ¬ AºXmw hm¿jnIØn¬ ho≠pw I≠pap´mw F∂ {]Xo£tbmsS hnShmßn. 2020 P\\phcn 3 \\v RßfpsS AºXmw hm¿jnIØn¬ ho≠pw tImtfPn¬ sh®v kwKaw \\SØn. {]n≥kn∏¬ tUm.kmw Um\\ntb¬, RßfpsS A≤ym]Icmbncp∂ ]n.Sn tPm¨, ]n.sI tZhky, tImin h¿§o-kv, kn.-sI.-cm-P-Ω, Sn.sP A∂Ω F∂nh¿ tbmKØn¬ ]s¶SpØp. c≠v Bgv® ap≥]v a¨ad™ cm[mIrjvW\\v BZcmRvPenIƒ A¿∏n®p. _m°nbp≈ 18 t]cn¬ 16 t]cpw ]s¶SpØp. ^nknIvkv ta[mhn tUm. do\\p tP°_ns‚ £Ww kzoIcn®v ^nknIvkv Un∏m¿´psa‚pw, em_pw kμ¿in®p. AXn\\p tijw ]gbXpt]mse Hcp {Kq∏v t^mt´msbSpØp. 1970 ¬ FSpØ t^mt´mbnse AtX ÿm\\Øv Xs∂ \\n¬°phm≥ {i≤n®p. ]ecptSbpw PohnX ]¶mfnIfpw IqsS h∂ncp∂p. tImtfPn¬ \\n∂pw F√mhcpw D®`£WØn\\mbn tlm´¬ sFUmbntebv°v t]mbn. AhnsS sh®p \\S∂ tbmKØn¬ tImtfPns‚ 200˛mw hm¿jnItØmSv A\\p_‘n®v {]kn≤oIcn°p∂ kph\\odn\\v 40000 cq]bpsS ]ckyw \\¬Iphm≥ Xocpam\\n®p. ho≠pw 2022 ¬ ImWmw F∂ {]Xo£tbmsS hnShmßn. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 63

{]f-bw-˛2018 sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xnse sh≈-s∏m°w F∂v \\Ωƒ F√m-h- cpw ]e-XhW tI´n-´p-≠v. 94 h¿j-߃°p-apºv ae-bm-f-h¿jw 1099- ˛se I¿°-S-am-k-Øn-emWv AXv D≠m-b-Xv. A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn¬ 99 iX-am\\w Bfp-Ifpw C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-°p-hm≥ km≤yX-bn-√. ae- bm-f-am-k-Ønse aqti´ F∂v ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-bp∂ I¿°-S-I-Øn¬ 1924 Pqssea- mk- Ø- n¬ 3 BgvNt- bmfw XpS¿®b- mbn ags- ]b- vXt- ∏mƒ s]cn-bm¿ \\nd™v Ihn-™mWv A∂v sh≈-s∏m°w D≠m-b-Xv. Xriq¿, FdW- mI- pf- w, tIm´b- w, CSp°- n, Be∏- pg Pn√I- f- n¬ hym]I \\mi-\\-jvS-߃ D≠mb Cu sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ Icn-¥n-cn-ae F∂ Hcp henb ae samØ-ambn Hen-®p-t]mbn F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. 94 h¿j-߃°n-∏pdw ho≠pw Hcp I¿°-S-I-Øn¬ tIc- fsØ sR´n-®p-sIm≠v Hcp henb {]fbw D≠m-bn-cn-°p∂p. 2018 Pqsse 16 apX-emWv sh≈w Ib-dp-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv. 17-˛mw Xnb-Xn- bm-bn-cp∂p I¿°-SIw H∂v. A∂v XpS-ßnb ag Hcp amkw apgp-h≥ \\o≠p-\\n-∂p. ]e-{]m-hiyw sh≈-s∏m°w D≠m-bn. AXn-i-‡-amb ag-bnepw Im‰n-epw, Dcpƒs∏m-´-enepw, ae-C-Sn-®n-en-ep-ambn hfsc A[nIw \\mi-\\-jvS-߃ D≠m-bn. CSp°n Umans‚ Pe-\\n-c∏v 2400 ASn Ign-™-t∏mƒ 5 j´-dp-Ifpw Xpd∂v sk°‚n¬ 6 e£w en‰¿ sh≈w hoXw ]pd-tØ°v Hgp-°n-hn-´p. ho≠pw BKÃv 16 \\v XpS- ßnb I\\Ø ag-bn-epw, Dcpƒs∏m-´-enepw, ae-bn-Sn-®n-enepw F√m Pn√I- f- nepw hym]I- a- mb \\mi\\- j- vSß- ƒ D≠mb- n. Hcn°- epw sh≈w Ib-dp-I-bn√ F∂v hniz-kn-®n-cp∂ ]e ÿe-ßfpw sh≈-Øn-em- bn. GI-tZiw 8 e£w Bfp-Isf 3700 Zpcn-Xm-izmk Iymºp-I-fn- embn ]m¿∏n-®p. ssk\\y-Øns‚bpw a’y-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sSbpw klm-b-tØmsS ]e ÿe-ß-fn¬ IpSpßn InS-∂-hsc slen-tIm- ]v‰¿, t\\hn-t_m-´p-Iƒ, a’y-_-‘\\ h≈-߃ apX-em-bh D]-tbm- Kn®v kpc£- nX ÿeß- f- nt- e°v am‰n. IymºpI- f- n¬ Ignb- p∂- h- ¿°v `£-Ww, IpSn-sh-≈w, acp-∂v, hkv{Xw XpS-ßnb km[-\\-߃ k¿°m¿ kwhn[- m\\- ß- ƒ D]t- bmK- n®v hnXc- Ww sNbvXp. GIt- Ziw 20000 tImSn cq]-bpsS \\mi-\\jvSw D≠mb Cu ag-s°-Sp-Xn-bn¬ 500 Hmfw Bfp-Iƒ ac-W-a-S-™p. Cu Zpc-¥-߃-°n-S-bnepw kmaq-ly- hn-cp-≤¿ IS-Iƒ sIm≈-b-Sn®v km[-\\-߃ sIm≠p-t]m-bn. s\\Sp- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 64

ºmt- »cn hnam\\- Ø- mh- fw 2 BgvN AS®- nS- pI- b- p≠- mb- n. kz¥w Poh≥ ]Wb- wh- ®- v, c£m{- ]h- ¿Ø\\- Ø- n\\v t]mbh- ¿ aXØ- ns- ‚b- pw, cmjv{So- b-Øn-s‚bpw AXn-cp-Iƒ ad∂v H‰-s°-´mbn {]h¿Øn-®Xv A`n-\\-μ- \\m¿la- mW- v. C≥Uyb- nse F√m kwÿm\\- ß- fpw CXc cmPyß- fpw ]p\\-cp-≤m-\\-Øn-\\mbn [\\-k-lmbw hmKvZm\\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bnse BZysØ sh≈-s∏m°w 1958 Pqsse amk-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v Rm≥ \\memw-¢m- n¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p. Dcpƒs]m-´n-bmWv A∂pw sh≈-s∏m-°-ap-≠m-b-Xv. Hcp-]mSv hoSp-Iƒ \\in-°p-I-bpw, At\\Iw Bfp-Iƒ ac-W-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Rß- fpsS Xd-hm-Sns‚ hcm-¥-bpsS H∏w sh≈-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hoSns‚ D≈n¬ sh≈w Ib-dm-Ø-Xn\\v k¶Sw Bbn-cp-∂p. Cs°m-√sØ sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ B hnjaw amdn-°n-´n. 1958 \\v tijhpw ]e-{]m- hiyw sh≈s- ∏m°w D≠ms- b¶- nepw 1994 epw 2001 epamWv kmam\\yw henb sh≈-s∏m°w D≠m-b-Xv. As∂ms° \\mK-ºSw apX¬ Nq´p- then Ih-e-hsc Fw.-kn. tdmUn¬ sh≈w Ib-dn-bn-cp-∂p. hnhmlw Ign™v R߃ Xma-k-am-b-Xn-\\p-tijw A©mw- X-h-W-bm-Wv Ct∏mƒ ho´n¬ sh≈w Ib-dp-∂-Xv. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ AsXms° Hcp BtLm-j-am-bn- sIm≠m-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hoSn-\\p- ≈n¬ sh≈w Ibd- pt- ºmƒ ]eh- n[- Ø- ne- p≈ ZpcnX- ß- ƒ BWv A\\p- `-hn-°p-∂-Xv. ho´nse Hmtcm km[-\\hpw \\\\-bmsX Ccn-°p-hm≥ Db¿∂ ÿe-tØbv° am‰n-h-bv°-Ww. {^nUvPv, hmjnw-Kvsajo≥ C≥th¿´¿, KymkvIp-‰n, Aea- mc- I- -fn¬ kq£n-®n-cn-°p∂ XpWnIƒ, ]m{X-߃ XpSßn Hcp \\qdm-bncw km[-\\-߃ Db¿Øn-h-bv°-Ww. hoSn-\\p-≈n¬ 3 ASn-bn-tesd Db-c-Øn¬ sh≈w Ib-dn. Ae-am-cn- bpsS ssπhpUv sIm≠p≈ kIe hmXn-ep-Ifpw sh≈w Ibdn \\in- ®pt- ]mb- n. sh≈s- ∏m°w D≠mI- pt- ºmƒ amfØ- n¬ Ccn°- p∂ ]mºp- Iƒ kpc-£m-ÿ-e-߃ tXSn hoSp-I-fn¬ FØm-dp-≠v. sh≈w Cd-ßn-°-gn-™v hoSv ]q¿Δ-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ FØn-°-W- sa-¶n¬ `mcn® tPmen-bm-Wv. sh≈w apdn-bn¬\\n∂v Cd-ßp∂ IqsS Xs∂ ]e XhW Igp-I-Ww. apdn-bn-se√mw Hcp h√mØ aW-am-bn- cn-°pw. c≠v BgvN-sb-¶nepw Ign-™mte Cu aWw amdp-I-bp-≈q. sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ aqSn-t∏mb InW-‰n¬ ªo®nw-Kv]u-U¿, s]m´m- knbw s]¿am-K-t\\‰v F∂nh C´p. IpSn-°p-hm-\\pw, `£Ww ]mIw sNøp-hm\\pw a‰p hoSp-I-fn¬\\n∂pw sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-®p. BZysØ sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ \\in-®p-t]mb ssπhpUv hmXn-ep-Iƒ°v ]Icw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 65

F.-kn.-]n. (A- eq-an-\\nbw tImtºm-kn‰v ]m\\¬) D]- tbm-Kn®v ]pXnb hmXn- ep-Iƒ \\n¿Ωn- ®p. c≠m-aXpw sh≈w Ib-dn- sb-¶nepw Cu hmXn-epI- ƒ°v Ipg-∏-an-√. Cucm-‰p- t]´bnepw, ]q™m-dnepw s]øp∂ ag Ct∏mƒ Bdv aWn-°q-dn-\\p- tijw tIm´- bØpw Ipa-c- IØpw {]f-b- ambn amdpw F∂p≈- X- mWv ÿnXn. ]≠v tXmSp-I-fn-eqsS ]mS-ß-fn-te°v Ibdn kmh-Im-i-am- bn-cp∂p {]f-b-P-e-Øns‚ bm{X. C∂v ]mS-߃, tXmSp-Iƒ F√mw aÆn´v \\nI-Øn-b-Xn-\\m¬ sh≈w thK-Øn¬ ChnsS FØp-∂p. ag- bpsS coXnbpw Gsd amdn. Ipd®v ka-bw-sIm≠v IqSnb Af-hn¬ s]øp-∂p. hoSp-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambn XI¿∂v t]mb-h¿, D‰-h-scbpw DS- b-h-scbpw \\jvS-s∏-´-h¿, I®-h-S-ÿm-]-\\-߃, Irjn CS-߃ XpS- ßn-bh F√mw \\in-®p-t]m-b-h¿ Aßs\\ sh≈-s∏m-°-Øns‚ Zpcn- X-߃ G‰p-hm-ßn-b-h¿ \\nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. a\\pjy¿ {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv sNøp∂ hnIr-Xn-Iƒ aqe-amWv Hc-f-hp-hsc Cu Zpc-¥-߃ D≠m- Ip-∂-Xv. C\\n F¶nepw \\Ωƒ°v `qansb kvt\\ln-°p-hm≥ {ian°mw. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 66

Sb¿ I®-h-Shpw ck-I-c-amb GXm\\pw A\\p-`-h-ßfpw 1977 Pqsse 11 \\v Bbnc- p∂p Rßf- psS hnhml- w. B h¿jw Unkw-_-dn¬ Rm≥ Atkm-kn-tb-‰Uv Stbgvkv F∂ ÿm]\\w XpS-ßn. Nq´p-th-en-bn-ep≈ Rß-fpsS Nmt°m aØmbn Iº\\n C≥Uy≥ Hmbn¬ ]ºn-em-bn-cp∂p XpS-°w. 1978 BKÃv amkw sI.- sI. tdmUn¬ If-IvS-td-‰n\\v kao]w IpS-I-t»cn sI´n-S-Øn-te°v ÿm]\\w am‰n. GI-tZiw 17 h¿j°mew Rm≥ Sb¿IS \\S-Øp-I- bp-≠m-bn. 1985 ¬ Atkm-kn-tb-‰Uv Ce-Ivt{SmWnIvkpw, 1991 ¬ t_mUn-sse≥ F∂ sdUn-sabvUv ÿm]-\\hpw XpS-ßn. Sb¿IS \\S-Øn-bn-cp∂ Ime-Øp-≠mb Nne ck-I-c-amb Imcy-ß-fmWv ChnsS Fgp-Xp∂Xv. temdn-bp-sSbpw _kn-s‚bpw Sb-dp-Iƒ A∂v hn‰n-cp-∂Xv 70 iX-am-\\hpw IS-am-bn´mWv. F√m Znh-khpw h≠n- °m-cpsS hoSp-I-fn¬ cmhn-sebpw sshIp-t∂-chpw Ibdn Imiv ]ncn- °p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ {][m\\ tPmen. Hcn°- ¬ Rm≥ ]pXpthenb- ne- p≈ Hcp _kpS- a- b- psS ho´n¬ Hcp Rmb-dmgvN D® Bb-t∏mƒ sN∂p. AXn-\\p-ap≥]pw ]e-X-hW AhnsS t]mbn-´p-≠v. Rm≥ hoSns‚ ap≥]n¬ h≠n \\ndpØn Cd- ßn-sN-∂-t∏mƒ _kp-Sa HmSn-h∂v Ft∂mSv ]d-™p. Zb-hp-sNbvXv Ct∏mƒ Ft∂mSv H∂pw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Fs‚ ktlm-Z-cnsb s]ÆvIm- Wm≥ sNdp-°\\pw Iq´cpw h∂n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Rm≥ t]mbn ]ns∂ hcmw F∂v ]d-™p. At∏mƒ GXm-bmepw h∂-X-t√, ho´n¬ Ib- dn-bn´v t]mImw F∂v \\n¿_-‘n-®-t∏mƒ Rm≥ kΩ-Xn-®p. Fs∂ sNdp-°-s\\-bpw, Iq´-scbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn. tIm´bsØ henb _nkn-\\- p-Im-c-\\m, Rß-fpsS IpSpw-_-kp-lr-ØmWv Fs∂ms° Abmƒ ]d™- p. Rm≥ H∂pw an≠nb- n√- . Ahk- m\\w AhcpsSI- qsS D®-bqWpw Ign™v Rm≥ ho´n-te°v t]m∂p. Rm≥ Dg-hqcv Hcp temdn DS-asb At\\z-jn®v Abm-fpsS ho´n¬sN-∂p. At∏mƒ Abmƒ Iq´p-Imcpw HØv No´v Ifn-°p-I-bm- bn-cp∂p. Ip-d®v Ign™v Ah¿ \\n¿_-‘n®v Fs∂-bpw-Iq´n dΩn- I-fn-®p. GI-tZiw Hcp-a-Wn-°q¿ Ifn-®-t∏mƒ Fs‚ ssIbn¬ D≠m- bn-cp∂ ]Ww-IqSn Ah¿°v sImSp-Øn´v Xncn-®p-t]m∂p. Hcp-Zn-hkw IS-bn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Hmt´m-dn-£m-°m-c≥ IS-bn¬h-∂n-´v, tZjy-s∏´v Hmt´m-dn£ Sb¿ FSpØv F\\n°ns´mtc-dv. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 67

]d-°pw-X-fn-I-t]mse Fs‚ Xe-bpsS t\\¿°v Sb¿ Id-ßn-h-∂p. Rm≥ s]s´∂v Xe-am-‰n. B Sb¿ sN∂v Fs‚ ]pd-Inse `nØn- bn¬ CSn®p Xmsg hoWp. Rm≥ Abmsf IS-bn-te°v £Wn-®p. Abmƒ £p`n-X-\\mbn AI-tØ°v h∂p. Fs‚ `mcy-bpsS Xmen- ame ]W-bw-h-®mWv Sb¿ hmßn-b-Xv. HcmgvN Bb-t∏mƒ AXv s]m´n, Fs‚ ss]k Xncn®v XcWw Fs∂ms° ]d-™p. Rm≥ IS-bnse skbn¬kvams\\ hnfn®v Abmƒ°v Hcp •m v XWpØ \\mcßmsh≈w Hs° sImSp-Øv, F√mw icn-bm°mw F∂v ]d™v kam-[m-\\n-∏n®v Hcp hn[-Øn¬ ]d-™p-hn-´p. Hcp Znhkw Rm\\pw tamUn-S-b-dns‚ {]Xn-\\n-[n-bpw-IqSn Nß- \\m-t»-cn-bn¬ hml-\\-D-S-a-Isf ImWp-hm≥ t]mbn. AhnsS Hcp hoSns‚ ASpØv Po∏v tdmUns‚ hiw tN¿Øv \\ndpØn Cd-ßn-b- t∏mƒ BSv Ic-bp∂ i_vZw tI´p. Rm≥ t\\m°n-b-t∏mƒ BSns‚ Imen-emWv h≠n-bpsS Sb¿. DS≥Xs∂ h≠n ]pd-tIm´v am‰n \\ndp- Øn. BSns‚ Ic-®n¬tI´v c≠v Bfp-Iƒ ho´n¬\\n∂v Cd-ßn-h- ∂p. kw`hw Adn™t∏mƒ Ah¿ £p`n-X-cmbn Rßsf Ipsd NoØ-]-d-™p. BSns‚ Imen¬ h≠n-I-b-dn-b-Xn\\v Ah¿ \\jvS-]-cn- lmcw Bh-iy-s∏-´p. Ah¿ ]d™ XpI Rm≥ kΩ-Xn-®p. ]t£ BSns\\ F\\n°v Xc-W-sa∂v Rm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. a\\-kn√m a\\- t msS Ah¿ BSns\\ X∂p. Rm≥ BSns\\ Po∏ns‚ ]pd-In¬ Ib‰n B ho´n¬\\n∂v Ipd®v πmhn-ebpw AXn\\v Xn∂m≥ tImSp- Øp. ho´n-tem´v t]m∂p. ho´n¬ h∂-t∏mƒ do\\m-bpsS hI Ipsd hg-°v. tImtf-Pn¬ t]mI-Ww. 3 ]nt≈sc t\\m°-Ww. B IqsS C\\n BSn-s\\bpw t\\m°p hm≥ ]‰-Øn√ Fs∂ms° ]d-™p. GXm-bmepw Rm≥ BSns\\ 3 Znhkw ho´n¬ sI´n-bn-´p. i\\n-bmgvN Cd-®n- sh-´p-Im-c≥ sIm®p-Ip-cp- hn-fsb hnfn®v BSns\\ Iim- ∏vsN-bvXp. Aßs\\ GXm \\pw Znhk- t- Øb°v v B´nd- ®- nb- pw, B´n≥kq∏- ps- ams° Ign°- ph- m≥ km[n®- p. ]Xn-t\\-gv h¿jw Sb¿I-®-hSw sNbvX-Xn¬ G‰hpw em`w In´n- bXv Cu BSv I®-h-S-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 68

ambmØ ]p©ncn sIm∏pg tXmakv tPm¨km¿ ‘\\mSp\\oßn’ F∂mWv At±lØns‚ `h\\Øn¬ arXkwkv°mc ip{iqj- t- bmS- \\- p_- ‘- n®v \\S-Ønb {]kwKØn¬ _lp. eq°v ]qXr°bne®≥ ]d™Xv. cmjv{Sob, kmapZmbnI, kmwkvImcnI, hnZym`ymk taLeIfn¬ hy‡nap{Z ]Xn∏n® At±lw \\ΩpsS CShIbv°pw tIm´bw AXncq]Xbv°pw Hcp apX¬°q´mbncp∂p.kpμc\\pw kpapJ\\p ambncp∂ At±lØns‚ kwkmchpw, s]cpam‰hpw Bscbpw BI¿jn°p∂ Xmbncp∂p. Ae°ntX® Xqsh≈ ap≠pw, Pq_bpw AWn™v kpkvtachZ\\\\mbn hcp∂ kmdns\\ ImWphm≥ Hcp B\\®¥ ap≠mbncp∂p. RmbdmgvN Znhy_enbn¬ At±lw A£ckv]pSXtbmsS hnip≤ {KŸw hmbn°p∂Xv Ghcpw Hm¿Ωn°p∂p≠mIpw. XncplrZb IpSpw_tbmKw Bcw`n® \\mƒapX¬ AXns‚ kPoh {]h¿ØI\\mbncp∂ At±lw 2˛mw hm¿Uv {]knU‚ v ÿm\\w ]eXhWbpw tI{μ {]knU‚ v ÿm\\w c≠v XhWbpw Ae¶cn®p. IqSmctbmKw Bcw`n®t∏mƒ aq∂mw IqSmcØns‚ {]knU‚mbn BZy Bdph¿jw tkh\\w sNbvXp. Xs‚ kl[¿ΩnWn B\\nbΩ So®dns‚ acWtijw \\o≠ ]Xns\\´v h¿j߃ a°fpsSbpw sIm®pa°fpsSbpw kmao]yhpw, kwc£Whpw At±lØn\\p≠mbncp∂p. R߃ c≠pt]cpw Htc ‘t]cpIm¿’ Bbncp∂Xn\\m¬ Ft∂mSv Hcp {]tXyI kvt\\lhpw IcpXepw D≠mbncp∂p. Rm≥ Hcp tPyjvTktlmZcs\\t∏msebmWv kmdns\\ I≠ncp∂Xv. 2007 apX¬ ]Øph¿j°mew s]klmhymgmgvNsØ ‘Im¬IgpI¬’ ip{iqjbv°v c≠mwhm¿Uns\\ {]Xn\\n[oIcn®v R߃ c≠pt]cpamWv t]mbncp∂Xv. hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\\ kzoIcWkabØv Xncpc‡Øn¬ ap°n Ip¿_m\\ XcWsa∂v hnImcnb®s\\ Hm¿Ωn∏n°pw. R߃ c≠pt]cpsSbpw ho´pt]cv Iq´nt®¿Øv tXmakvtPm¨ ‘sIm∏pgtØ´v’ tXmakv tPm¨ ‘awKe∏pg’ Fs∂ms° Xamicqt]W At±lw ]dbpambncp∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 69

2017 Pq¨ 28 \\v Nq´pthenbn¬ sh®p≠mb A]ISØn\\v tijw ]gbcoXnbnte°v hcphm≥ At±lØn\\v Ign™n√. Cu h¿jw \\ΩpsS CShIbnse kvt\\tlm’htØmSv A\\p_‘n®v cmhnse 6.30 \\v kmdns‚ `h\\Øn¬ P]ame {]m¿∞\\ \\SØpIbp≠mbn. Hmim\\ RmbdmgvN Bbncp∂ A∂mWv Ahkm\\ambn R߃ XΩn¬ I≠Xv. cmhnse Xs∂ IpcptØme hmßphm≥ km[n°mØXns‚ hnjaw Ft∂mSv ]¶ph®p. KmKp¬Ømbnse IpcptØme hnXcWØn¬ BZysØ henb Hme F∂pw km¿ hmßnbncp∂Xv Hm¿Ωn°p∂p. c≠mwhm¿Un¬ acWw kw`hn°ptºmƒ, ]≈nbntebv°p≈ hnem]bm{Xbn¬ IdpØ sImSnbpw G¥n G‰hpw ap∂n¬ \\S∂ncp∂Xv \\ΩpsS {]nbs∏´ tXmakv tPm¨ kmdmbncp∂p. 2018 G{]n¬ 11˛mw XobXn _p[\\mgvN \\nXyXbnte°v bm{X- bmb At±lØns‚ kwkvImcNSßn¬ PohnXØns‚ \\m\\m XpdIfnep≈ At\\Iw BfpIƒ ]s¶SpØp. {]nb tXmakv tPm¨ kmtd Atßbv°v CShI kaqlØns‚ {]Wmaw. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 70

cmta-izcw Ubdn cmta-iz-cw, ]mº≥]m-ew, [\\p-jvtImSn F∂o ÿe-߃ kμ¿in-°-W-sa∂ B{Klw Gsd \\mfp-I-fmbn Fs‚ a\\-kn-ep-≠m- bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\\m¬ Fkv.- F-®v. ¢_v Cu ÿe-ß-fn-te°v Hcp bm{X kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p F∂-dn-™-t∏mƒ adn-s®m∂v Nn¥n-®n-√. 2019 Unkw_- ¿ 7˛mwXobXn cm{Xn 11.30 \\p≈ AarX FIvkv{] - n¬ tIm´- b-Øp-\\n∂v bm{X-Xn-cn-®p. ]Xn-s\\m∂v Zº-Xn-I-fpw, aq∂v ]pcp- j≥amcpw Dƒs∏sS 25 AwK-߃ Cu kwL-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]me-°m-Sv, s]m≈m®n hgn a[p-c-bn-te-bv°m-bn-cp∂p bm{X. s]m≈m-®n- ap-X¬ Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw sXßn≥ tXm-∏p-I-fpw, ]e-X-c- Øn-ep≈ Irjn-I-fpw, Im‰mSn b{¥-ßfpw I≠v Bkz-Zn-®p≈ bm{X 11.30 \\v a[p-c-bn¬ FØn- t®¿∂p. Ahn-sS-\\n∂pw 12.15- \\p≈ cmta-izcw ]mk-©¿ s{Sbn-\\n¬ bm{X XpS¿∂p. kPn Xpcp-Øn-°m-Sns‚bpw, _nPp ]p√m\\-∏-≈n-bp-sSbpw t\\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Zº-Xn-I-fmb 11 t]scbpw C‚¿hyq sNbvXpw ]m´p]- mS- nbpw bm{X BtLmj- a- m°- n. 4 aWntbmS- pIqSn s{Sbn≥ {]kn≤- a- mb ]mº≥ ]me- Øn¬ {]th-in-®p. cmta-izcw Zzo]p-ambn tbmPn-∏n-°p∂ Cu ]me- Øn\\v 2.065 Intem-ao-‰¿ \\of-ap-≠v. _wKmƒ D¬°-S-en-eqsS hfsc kmh-[m-\\-ap≈ Cu s{Sbn≥bm{X Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. Ccp-h-i- ß-fnepw Xnc-am-e-Iƒ Db-cp-tºmƒ Aev]w `bw tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw Cß-s\\-sbmcp bm{X BZy-am-b-Xn-\\m¬ F√m-hcpw Bkz-Zn-®p. s{Sbn≥ -]m-f-Øn\\v he-Xvhi-Ømbn GXm\\pw ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ a‰v hml-\\-߃°mbp≈ ]mew ImWmw. B ]me-Øn¬\\n∂psIm≠v [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ ssIhoin Rßsf A`n-hmZyw sNøp-∂p-≠m-bn- cp-∂p. \\me-c-a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn cmta-izcw tÃj-\\n-seØn, AhnsS- Xømdmb- n\\- n∂- nc- p∂ 2 hml\\- ß- f- n¬ tlm´¬ hrμmh- ≥ dknU- ≥kn- bn-te°v t]mbn. AhnsS hn{i-a-Øn-\\p-tijw F√m-hcpw ASp-Øp≈ _o®n-te°v \\S∂p. i_-cn-ae kok-Wm-b-Xn-\\m¬ `‡-P-\\-ß-fpsS henb Xnc°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hgn-bn¬ [mcmfw BSp-Iƒ ta™v \\-S- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 71

°p∂- Xpw I≠p. GXm\\pw kabw AhnsS Nneh- g- n®- X- n\\- pt- ijw tlm´- en-te°v aS-ßn. Xn¶-fmgvN cmhnse {]`m-X-`-£-W-Øn-\\p-tijw sXm´-SpØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ {]kn-≤-amb cmta-izcw t£{Xw kμ¿in-®p. cmam- b-W-Ime Ncn-{X-tØmSv _‘-ap≈ cmta-iz-cw, `mc-Xob kwkv-Imc- Øns‚ ]cymb- a- mbn \\ne\\- ne- v°p∂- p. {]apJ- a- mbn FÆs- ∏S- p∂ \\mev ]pWyt- £{- Xß- f- n¬ DØc- `- mc- X- Ø- n¬ aq∂pw, Z£nW- `- mc- X- Ø- nse GI ]pWy-t£-{X-ambn cmta-iz-chpw KWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. C≥Uy-bpsS \\m\\m-`m-K-Øp-\\n∂pw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\\v hnizm-kn-Iƒ Znh-khpw Cu ]hn-{X- `q-an-bn-seØn Z¿i\\w \\S-Øp-∂p. \\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v ap≥]v \\n¿Ωn® Cu inh-t£{Xw 15 G°-dn-embn hym]n-®p -In-S-°p-∂p. e£va-Ws‚ Im¬]mZw ]Xn™p F∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp t£{Xhpw I≠-Xn-\\p-tijw `mc-X-Øns‚ ap≥ {]kn-U‚ v tUm. F.- ]n.- sP. A_vZpƒ Iemw kvamc-I-Øn-te-°mWv t]mb-Xv. Chn- sS-bmWv At±lw A¥y-hn-{iaw sIm≈p-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn- X-Ønse ]e kp{]-[m-\\- kw-`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw amXr-I-Iƒ AhnsS {]Z¿in-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-km-\\-ambn C≥Uy≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v amt\\- Pvsa‚ v jnt√mwK- n¬ {]kwK- n°- p∂- X- pw, Akzÿ- \\- mbn \\neØv hogp- ∂Xpw AhnsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. At±-l-Øn\\v ]e cmPy-ß- fn¬\\n∂pw e`n® Ahm¿UpI- f- pw, ]fl`- qj- ¨, ]flhn`qj- ¨, `mcXv cXv\\ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS amXr-I-Ifpw AhnsS ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°pw. Ahn-sS-\\n∂pw R߃ ]mº≥]mew ImWp-hm≥ t]mbn. 2 In.-ao- ‰¿ \\of-ap≈ ]me-Øns‚ a≤y-`m-K-Ømbn h≠n-bn¬\\n∂pw Cdßn. F√m-bvt∏mgpw \\√ i‡-amb Im‰-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\\m¬ shbn-ens‚ NqSv A\\p-`-h-s∏-´n-√. ]me-Øn¬\\n-∂p≈ ImgvN-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-®- Xn\\ptijw [\\p-jvtIm-Sn-bn-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. cmta-iz-c-Øp-\\n∂pw 20 In.-ao-‰¿ Zqsc-bp≈ ChnSw 1964 ¬ D≠mb AXn-`-b-¶-c-amb Npg-en-Im‰nepw IS¬t£m-`-Ønepw F√mw \\in-∏n-°-s∏´ Hcp Zpc-¥-`q-an-bm-Wv. At\\-Im-bn-c-߃ ac-W-a-S™ ChnsS A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ tZhm-e-bw, kvIqƒ, Bip-]-{Xn, t]mÃv Hm^okv XpS-ßnb sI´n-S-ß-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-߃ ImWmw. tZhm-e- b-Øns‚ ap≥`m-K-hpw, AƒØm-cbpw tISp-]m-Sp-Iƒ IqSmsX Ct∏mgpw \\ne-\\n¬°p-∂p. GXm\\pw a’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS IpSpw- _-߃ am{X-amWv AhnsS Ct∏mƒ D≈-Xv. 1964 se Npg-en-°m- ‰n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ \\jvS-s∏-´˛ A∂v 14 hb v am{Xw {]mb-ap- ≠mbn-cp∂˛ At¥m-Wn-kzman F∂ htbm-[n-I≥ A∂p-≠mb kw`- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 72

h-߃ Rß-fp-ambn ]¶p-h-®p. _wKmƒ DƒI-S-en-s‚bpw C≥Uy≥ alm-k-ap-{Z-Øn-s‚bpw kmao-]y-ap≈ Chn-sS-\\n∂pw {ioe-¶-bn-te°v 22 In.-ao-‰¿ am{X-amWv Zqcw. Hme-ta™ sNdnb tlm´-en¬\\n∂pw kzmZn-jvT-amb ao≥ hdp-ØXpw ao≥I-dnbpw Iq´n DuWp-I-gn-®p. aS- °-bm-{X-bn¬ tUm. A_vZpƒI-em-ans‚ P∑{- Kl- hpw kμ¿in®- v, tlm´e- n¬ Xncns- ®Ø- n. cm{Xn-bn¬ 8.30 \\p≈ s{Sbn-\\n¬ ]pd-s∏´v sNmΔmgvN cmhnse I\\ym-Ip-am-cn-bn-seØn kqtcym-Z-b-hpw, AkvX- a-b-hpw, hnth-Im-\\-μ- kvam-c-Ihpw I≠v \\m´n- te°v aS-ßn. Cu bm{X hfsc `wKn- bmbn Bkq-{XWw sNbvX S.H ¢_v `mch- m- ln-Isf {]tXyIw A`n- \\μ- n°- pI- bpw, F√mh- cpw kpc£- nX- c- mbn Xncns- ®Ø- nb- X- n\\v Cutim- bpsS Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn\\v \\μn A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 73

Imem]m\\n _wKmƒ Dƒ°Sen¬ hS°v Ing°mbn ÿnXn sNøp∂ Zzo]kaqlamWv B≥Uam≥ \\nt°m_m¿. GItZiw 572 Zzo]pIƒ Ds≠¶nepw 38 FÆØn¬ am{XamWv P\\hmkap≈Xv. 4 e£w P\\kwJyhcp∂ ChnsS C≥Uy≥ {]knU‚ v \\nban°p∂ e^v Kh¿W¿ `cWkwhn[m\\w \\SØp∂p. lnμnbmWv `qcn-]£w BfpIfpw kwkmcn°p∂Xv. 2020 s^{_phcn 6 \\v sshIn´v 10 aWnbv°p≈ hnam\\Øn¬ sIm®nbn¬ \\n∂pw sNss∂bn¬ FØn. 7˛mw XobXn cmhnse AhnsS \\n∂pw 4 aWnbv°p≈ C≥UntKmhnam\\Øn¬ B≥Uam≥kns‚ Xeÿm\\amb t]m¿´v ªbdntebv°v ]pds∏´p. cmhnse 6.30 \\v AhnSsØ ho¿ khm¿°¿ hnam\\ØmhfØn¬ FØnbt∏mƒ Rßsf kzoIcn°phm≥ Sq¿ ssKUv D≠mbncp∂p. `mcy do\\mbpw, do\\mbpsS ktlmZc∑mcpw, ktlmZcnamcpw AS°w 9 t]cmWv kwLØn¬ D≠mbncp∂Xv. AhnsS \\n∂pw tlm´¬ Aant{Kkntebv°pt]mbn. Xte ZnhksØ bm{Xm£oWhpw, Dd° £oWhpw ImcWw F√mhcpw GXm\\pw aWn°q¿ hn{ian®p. ]Xns\\m∂v aWntbmSpIqSn Imgv®Iƒ ImWp∂Xn\\mbn ]pds∏´p. NmØw Zzo]nep≈ NmØw tkman√mWv BZyw I≠Xv. Kh¨sa‚ns‚ DSaÿXbn¬ 1883 ¬ ÿm]nXamb Cu XSnan¬ Gjybnse Xs∂ G‰hpw ]pcmX\\hpw hepXpamb H∂mWv. B≥Uam≥ ImSpIfn¬ \\n∂pw sIm≠phcp∂ henb XSnIƒ ]e hep∏Ønepw cq]Ønepw apdn®v temIØns‚ \\m\\m`mKtØbv°v Abbv°p∂p. XSnbn¬ ]WnXo¿Ø ]e sImØp]WnIfpw, ^¿Wn®dpIfpw AhnSsØ ayqknbØn¬ \\n∂pw hmßphm≥ km[n°pw. AhnsS\\n∂pw Zonal Anthropological Museum ImWphm≥ t]mbn. tKm{Xh¿§°mcpsS PohnXcoXnIfpw, Ah¿ ImSpIfn¬ \\n¿Ωn®n´p≈ hoSpIƒ, h©nIƒ XpSßnbhbpsS amXrIIfpw BWv AhnsS {][m\\ambn ImWphm\\p≈Xv. D®`£Ww Ign™v tlm´entebv°v aSßn. sshIpt∂cw \\mepaWntbmSpIqSn R߃ {]kn≤amb “sk√pem¿ Pbn¬” kμ¿in°phm≥ t]mbn. kzmX{¥ykac awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 74

tk\\m\\nIsf \\mSpISØn ]m¿∏n®ncp∂Xv ChnsSbmWv. Imem]m\\n As√¶n¬ Blackwater Jail F∂mWv sk√pem¿ Pbn¬ Adnbs∏´ncp∂Xv. ISen\\m¬ Np‰s∏´ ChnsS AIs∏´m¬ c£s∏SpI Akm≤yamWv. F√m Znhkhpw k‘ybv°v ChnsS \\SØp∂ “sse‰v B≥Uv ku≠v ” tjmbn¬ XShpIm¿ A\\p`hn®ncp∂ ]oU\\ßfpw a\\pjyXzclnXamb in£Ifpw I¨ap≥]n¬ F∂t]mse A\\p`hthZyambn. ChnSsØ ]oT\\߃ G‰phmßn ChnsSXs∂ acn°phm≥ hn[n°s∏´h¿ At\\IamWv. AhnsS \\n∂pw R߃ tlm´entebv°v aSßn. lmhvtem°v Zzo]v (Hav-Loc Island) s^{_phcn 8˛mw XobXn cmhnse \\mepaWnbv°v Xs∂ DW¿∂v B≥Uam≥knse {]kn≤amb hav-loc Zzo]v ImWphm≥ Xømdmbn. cmhnse A©p aWn°v h∂ h≠nbn¬ tlm´epIm¿ Xømdm°nX∂ ]mbv°v sNbvX {]mXepambn ˛ t_m´pP´nbntebv°v ]pds∏´p. [mcmfw k©mcnIƒ AhnsS kpc£m]cntim [\\bv°mbn hcnhcnbmbn \\nev]p≠mbncp∂p. {Ko≥ Hmjy≥ 2 F∂ henb Fb¿I≠oj≥Uv t_m´nembncp∂p bm{X. GItZiw 250 BfpIƒ Ibdp∂ Cu t_m´v 70 Io.ao‰¿ AIsebp≈ lmhv tem°n¬ c≠c aWn°q¿ sIm≠v FØp∂p. sslZcm_mZn¬ \\n∂v ÃUn Sqdn\\v FØnbncp∂ tImtfPv hnZym¿∞nIfpsS ]m´pw, Um≥kpw Hs° BkzZn®v 9 aWntbmSpIqSn lmhv tem°n¬ FØn. AhnsS Xbmdmbn \\n∂ncp∂ 2 ImdpIfnembn tKmƒUv C≥Uy _o®v dntkm¿´ntebv°v t]mbn. tlm´en¬ Ipd®v kabw hn{ian®Xn\\v tijw R߃ ho≠pw t_m´vsP´nbn¬ FØn kv]oSv t_m´n¬ Fens^‚ v _o®ntebv°v t]mbn. ISeneqsS 20 an\\n´v k©cn®v AhnsS FØn. ASnØ´n¬ •mkv LSn∏n® t_m´n¬ bm{X sNbvXv ]hng]p‰pIfpw, ]eXcØnepw \\ndØnepw D≈ Ae¶mca’yßfpw F√mw I≠v Icbn¬ Xncns®Øn. HmIvknP≥ amkvIpw [cn®v sh≈Øn\\Snbn¬ \\S°p∂Xn\\pw R߃ ss]k sImSpØXmWv. F∂m¬ Adp]Xv hbkvIgn™hsc Ah¿ A\\phZn°Øn√. R߃ F√mhcpw ko\\nb¿ kn‰nk¨kmbncp∂p. kv]oUv t_m´v bm{Xbpw •mkv t_m´v bm{Xbpw \\SØptºmƒ sh≈Øn\\Snbn¬ D≈ bm{X (Free) F∂v ]d™v lmhv tem°n¬ sh®v Xs∂ GItZiw 15000 cq] Ah¿ hmßnbncp∂p. HcpaWn Ign™t∏mƒ R߃ kv]oSv awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 75

t_m´n¬ Xncn®v t]mbn. D®`£Whpw, Ipd®p hn{iahpw tlm´en¬ \\SØnbXn\\v tijw 4 aWntbmSpIqSn Gjybnse Xs∂ {]ikvXamb cm[m\\K¿ _o®ntebv°v t]mbn. B≥Uam≥kv kμ¿i\\Øn\\v hcp∂ F√mhcpw FØp∂ Hcp ÿeamWnXv. ]e Sq¿Imcpw cmhnesØ t_m´n¬ h∂n´v sshIpt∂cw Xncn®v t]m¿´v_vfbdntebv°v aSßp∂p. _o®n¬ kmam\\yw \\√ Xnc°p≠mbncp∂p. R߃ aXnhcpthmfw ISen¬ Ipfn®p. k‘ytbmSpIqSn tlm´en¬ Xncns®Øn. ASpØ Znhkw cmhnesØ t_m´n¬ R߃ t]m¿´v sªbdntebv°v Xncn®v t]mbn. D®`£WØn\\v tijw Rose Island kμ¿in-°p-hm≥ t]mbn. kv]oUv t_m´n¬ 15 an\\n‰v bm{X sNbvXmWv AhnsS FØnbXv. ]≠v {_n´ojpIm¿ `cn®ncp∂ ImeØv ssk\\nI DtZymKÿcpsS B^okpIƒ, Xmakÿew, tZhmebw, _mc°pIƒ F∂nh D≠mbncp∂ ÿeamWv ChnSw. c≠mw temIalmbp≤ImeØv Pm∏\\okv ssk\\yw B sI´nSßfpw, tZhmebßfpw F√mw t_mw_v C´v \\in∏n®p. _m‰dn LSn∏n® Imdn¬ R߃ B {]tZiw F√mw Np‰n k©cn®p. AhnsS GXm\\pw k¿°m¿ Poh\\°mcpw t]meokpw am{XamWv Ct∏mƒ Xmakn°p∂Xv. [mcmfw abnepw, am\\pw Iq´ambn´v \\S°p∂Xv ImWmw. 5 aWntbmSpIqSn R߃ AhnsS \\n∂v Xncn®v tlm´entebv°v t]mbn. ]Ømw XobXn Xn¶fmgv® cmhnse BdpaWnbv°v GItZiw 100 Io.ao‰¿ AIsebp≈ “_mc‰mßv Zzo]v” ImWphm≥ ]pds∏´p. 8 aWntbmSpIqSn R߃ 50 Io.ao‰¿ k©cn®v Po¿°‰mßv F∂ ÿeØv FØn. AhnsS Forest sN°v t]mÃn¬ F√mhcptSbpw Xncn®dnb¬ Im¿Uv ]cntim[n®p. sNdnb tlm´epIfpw, ipNnapdnIfpw AhnsSbp≠v. dnk¿hv h\\ØneqsSbmWv ASpØ 50 Io.ao‰¿ t]mtI≠Xv. HºXpaWn°v F√mh≠nIfpw tIm¨thmbn Bbn´mWv hnSp∂Xv. Pm¿h hn`mKØn¬s∏´ tKm{Xh¿§°mcpsS XmhfamWv Cu h\\taLe. AhcpsS t^mt´m FSp°p∂Xpw, Ahcpambn CSs]Sp∂Xpw \\ntcm[n®ncn°p∂p. am{Xa√ Ah¿ Iq´ambn´v h∂v \\Ωsf B{Ian°phm≥ km≤yXbp≠v. AXpsIm≠mWv F√m h≠nIfpw Hcpan®v t]mIp∂Xv. hgnbn¬ GXm\\pw BZnhmknIsf I≠p, B{^n°bn¬ D≈ BfpIsft]msebmWv AhcpsS cq]w. ]Xns\\m∂v aWntbmsS awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 76

R߃ _mc‰mßn¬ FØn. AhnsS \\n∂v henb sNßmSØn¬ AcaWn°q¿ bm{XsNbvXv A°cbv°v t]mbn. ho≠pw Po∏n¬ 20 an\\n´v bm{X sNbvXv ‘Mud Volcano’ (`qan°Snbn¬ \\n∂pw hcp∂ aÆpw, sNfnbpw, sh≈hpw, Kymkpw, F√mw IqSn an{inXamb Hcp {]tZiw) ImWphm≥ t]mbn. temIØn¬ hfsc Npcp°w ÿeØv am{XamWv ‘Mud Volcano’ D≈Xv. NßmSØn¬ Xncn®v t]mbt∏mƒ [mcmfw I≠¬ ImSpIƒ I≠p. sshIpt∂cw \\mepaWntbmSpIqSn Xncn®v tlm´en¬ FØn. C≥UybpsS G‰hpw Ing°v `mKØmbn ÿnXn sNøp∂Xn\\m¬ B≥Uam\\n¬ a‰v kwÿm\\ßsf At]£n®v H∂c aWn°q¿ F¶nepw ap≥t] t\\cw shfp°pIbpw Ccp´pIbpw sNøpw. \\ΩpsS hm®n¬ sshIpt∂cw 5.30 BIptºmƒ \\m´nse 7 aWnbpsS {]XoXnbmWv. s^{_phcn 11˛mw XobXn cmhnse 10:30 \\p≈ kvss]kv sP‰v hnam\\Øn¬ sNss∂bnseØn. Im©o]pcw alm_en]pcw F∂o ÿe߃ kμ¿in® tijw 12˛mw XobXn cm{Xn s\\Spºmt»cnbn¬ Xncns®Øn. Cellular Jail awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 77

AP¥ ˛ Ft√md 2018 s^{_p-hcnbn¬ alm-cm-jv{S-bnse {]kn-≤-amb AP¥ ˛ Ft√md Kpl-Iƒ ImWph-m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®p. s^{_p-hcn 11-˛mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN D®bv°v 2 aWn°v s\\Sp-ºm-ti-cn-bn¬\\n∂pw CUy-bnse {][m-\\-s∏´ Hcp \\K-c-amb ]q\\-bn-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. GI- tZiw 2 aWn-°q-dm-bn-cp∂p bm{Xm-k-a-bw. do\\-bpsS c≠v ktlm-Z- cn-am-cpw, ktlm-Z-c-∑mcpw Ah-cpsS `mcy-amcpw Dƒs∏sS 10 t]cp- ≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rßsf kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ hnam-\\-Øm-h-f-Øn¬ Sq¿ssKUv FØnbn-cp∂p Ah¿ Hcp-°n-bn-cp∂ hml-\\-Øn¬ R߃ tlm´-en-te°v t]mbn. tlm´-en¬ GXm\\pw aWn-°q¿ hn {ian-®-Xn-\\p-tijw ]q\\-bn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am-°nb Hcp _‘p-hns\\ ImWp-hm≥ t]mbn. Ah-cpsS ho´n¬ c≠p-a-Wn-°q-tdmfw Nne-h-gn®v AØm-ghpw Ign®v tlm´-en-te°v aS-ßn. Xn¶-fmgvN cmhnse Ahn-SsØ Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb i\\n-hm¿ hmU tIm´ kμ¿in-®p. 1732 ¬ \\n¿Ωn® Cu tIm´ admØm km{am- Py-Øns‚ Xe-ÿm-\\-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnim-e-amb ]p¬Ø-In-SnI-fm¬ A\\p-{K-lo-X-amb ChnsS [mcmfw kμ¿i-I¿ FØp∂p. 1818 ¬ {_n´oj- vIm¿ Hcp bp≤Ø- n¬ Ahsc tXmev]n®v 1947 hsc ssIhiw h®p. Ahn-sS-\\n∂pw R߃ BKm-Jm≥ sIm´mcw ImWp-hm≥ ]pd- s∏-´p. 1892 ¬ ]Wn-°-gn-∏n® Cu sIm´mcw 19 G°-dn-emWv kvYn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-Xv. hnim-e-amb 5 lmfp-Ifpw hcm-¥-Ifpw D≈ ChnsS C‰m- enb- ≥ hmkvXpi- ne- v]- coXnIfpw ImWph- m≥ km[n°- pw. kp¬Øm≥ apl-ΩZvjm BJm-Jm-\\mWv Cu sIm´mcw \\n¿Ωn-®-Xv. alm-flm-Km- ‘nsb c≠ph- ¿jw ChnsS XSh- n¬ ]m¿∏n®- n´- p≠- v. ChnS- psØ DZym- \\Ø- n¬ almfl- mK- m‘- nb- psSbpw IkvXq¿_mK- m‘- nb- ps- Sbpw NnXm- `kvaw kq£n-®n-´p-≠v. Ahn-SpsØ Im‚o-\\n¬\\n∂pw D®-`-£Ww Ign®v tUm. Awt_-ZvI¿ ayqknbw I≠-Xn-\\p-tijw AØm-ghpw Ign™v tlm´-en-te°v aS-ßn. sNmΔmgvN cmhnse 235 Intem-ao-‰¿ Ase-bp≈ Hudw-K-_m- Znt- e°v hm\\n¬ bm{X]- pd- s- ∏´- p. Hcpa- W- nt- bmS- pI- qSn R߃ AhnsS FØn Hcp tlm´-en¬ `£-Ww-I-gn-®p. AXn-\\p-tijw apKƒN-{I- h¿Øn HudwK- t- k_v Xs‚ `mcy Zn¬dmkv _m\\p_- oK- Ø- ns‚ Hm¿Ω- bv°mbn 1660 ¬ ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-® U°m≥ SmPv AYhm _o_n-˛-Im-˛-a- Jv_md kμ¿in-®p. B{K-bnse SmPns‚ amXrI-bn¬X-s∂ \\n¿Ωn- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 78

®n-cn-°p∂XpsIm-≠mWv U°m≥SmPv F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv AhnsS {]kn-≤-amb ss]Xm-Wn-kmcn \\n¿Ωn-°p∂ s\\bvXp-ime ImWp-hm≥ t]mbn. Hudw-K-_m-Zn\\v kao-]-{]-tZ-i-amb ss]Xm¨ F∂ ÿeØ- mWv Cu kmcn BZya- mbn \\n¿Ωn®p XpSß- nb- X- v. Ahn- sS-\\n∂pw GXm\\pw kmcn-Ifpw hmßn k‘y-tbm-Sp-IqSn tlm´¬ ea¨{So-bn-te°v t]mbn. Ahn-sS-bmWv c≠p-Zn-hkw Xma-kn-®-Xv. _p[-\\m-gvN-cm-hnse {]kn-≤-amb AP¥ Kpl-Iƒ ImWp- ∂-Xn-\\mbn ]pd-s∏-´p. Chn-sS-\\n∂pw 100 In.-ao-‰¿ AI-se-bp≈ AP- ¥-bn¬ 11 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn FØn. _n.-kn. 2˛mw \\q‰m≠v apX¬ F.-Un. 5˛mw \\q‰m≠v hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-f-hn¬ \\n¿Ωn-®-XmWv Cu Kpl-Iƒ. henb ]md-Iƒ Xpc∂v 30 Kpl-I-fmWv AhnsS _p≤-a-X- °m¿ \\n¿Ωn®n-´p-≈-Xv. CXn-\\p-≈n¬ _p≤s‚ ]e cq]-Ønepw `mh- Øn-ep-ap≈ {]Xn-a-Iƒ I√n¬sIm-Øn-h-®n-´p-≠v. IqSmsX h¿Æ-i- _-f-amb ]e Nn{X-c-N-\\-Ifpw ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°pw. kqcy-{]-Imiw D≈ ka-bw-t\\m-°n-bmWv ChnsS ]Wn-Iƒ \\S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. _p≤-k- \\ym-kn-am-cpsS B{i-a-ß-fmWv CXn¬ A∂v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. \\S-°p-hm≥ _p≤n-ap´v D≈-h¿°v ]√°v e`y-am-Wv. ]pdw- temIw Adn-bmsX ]e \\q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn Cu {]tZiw ImSp-]n-Sn-®p- In-S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1819 ¬ tPm¨kvanØv F∂ {_n´ojv Hm^o- k¿ \\mbm-´n\\v t]mb-t∏m-gmWv Ahn-Nm-cn-X-ambn Cu {]tZiw I≠- Xv. As√-¶n¬ Hcp-]t£ Ct∏mgpw CXv Adn-b-s∏-SmØ Hcp ÿe- ambn amdm-\\p≈ km≤yX D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ ]pcm-hkvXp Un∏m¿´vsa‚ns‚ ta¬t\\m´- Ø- ne- mWv Cu ÿew. AhnS- psØ Im‚o- \\n¬\\n∂pw `£-Whpw Ign™v tlm´-en-te°v aS-ßn. hymgmgvN cmhnse 32 In.-ao-‰¿ AIse ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Ft√md Kpl-Iƒ ImWp-hm≥ ]pd-s∏-´p. ChnsS henb ]md-Iƒ Xpc∂v \\n¿Ωn® 34 Kpl-Iƒ BWv D≈-Xv. AP-¥-bn¬ _p≤-a-X- °m-cpsS B{i-a-߃ am{X-amWv D≈-sX-¶n¬, Ft√m-d-bn¬ _p≤, ssP\\, lnμp hn`m-K-Øn¬s]-´-h-cpsS B{i-a-ß-fpw, Aº-e- ßfpamWv \\n¿Ωn-®n-´p-≈Xv. alm-`m-c-X-Ønse ]e kw`-h-ßfpw hfsc at\\m-l-c-ambn I√n¬ sImØn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv \\sΩ A¤pX- s- ∏S- pØ- pw. Ahns- S\\- n∂pw R߃ HudwK- m_- mZv hnam\\- Ø- m- h-f-Øn¬ FØn Ggp-a-Wn-°p≈ hnam-\\-Øn¬ sslZ-cm-_m-Zn-te°v bm{X-bm-bn. sh≈n, i\\n Znh-k-ß-fn¬ sslZ-cm-_m-Znse ImgvN- Iƒ F√mw I≠-Xn-\\p-tijw Rmb-dmgvN sshIn´v 7 aWn-°p≈ hnam-\\Øn¬ sIm®n-bn-te°v aS-ßn. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 79

aI-c-hn-f°v `mc-X-Ønse, {]tXy-In®v tIc-f-Ønse lnμp-a-X-hn-izm-kn- If- psS G‰hpw {][m\\- s- ∏´ Hcp ]pWyÿ- e- a- mWv i_c- na- e- . AhnsS {]Xnj- vTn°- s- ∏´nc- n°- p∂ {io [¿ai- mk- vXmh- ns\\ Z¿in°- p∂- X- n\\- mbn F√m h¿jhpw C≥Uy-bpsS \\m\\m-`m-K-Øp-\\n∂pw e£-°-W-°n\\v Bfp-Iƒ FØp-∂p. hr›nIw H∂n\\v Bcw-`n-°p∂ aWvU-e-Im-e- Øpw, [\\p-am-kw -ap-X¬ aI-c-amkw H∂p-hsc BN-cn-°p∂ aI-c-hn- f-°p-Im-e-Øp-amWv Aø-∏-`-‡-∑m¿ F√m h¿jhpw i_-cn-ae Xo¿∞m-S\\w \\S-Øp-∂-Xv. \\mev]-Øn-H∂v Znh-ksØ t\\mbºv FSp- Ø-Xn-\\p-ti-j-amWv F√m-hcpw bm{Xbv°v ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. At\\I h¿j-߃°p-ap≥]v bm{Xm-ku-I-cy-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ ImeØv i_-cn-a-e-bn-te-bv°p≈ bm{X F√m-h-cnepw `oXn Db¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. sImSpw-Im-Sp-I-fn-eqsS ssaep-Iƒ \\S-∂m-bn-cp∂p A∂v ae Ibdn bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ign™ 50 h¿j-ß-fn¬ bm{Xm-ku-I-cy-߃ IqSn-b-Xp- sIm-≠v, henb _p≤n-ap´p IqSmsX `‡¿°v k∂n-[m-\\-Øn¬ FØmw. Ct∏mƒ F√m h¿jhpw GIt- Ziw 3 tImSn `‡¿ i_c- n- ae- b- n¬ Z¿i\\w \\SØ- p∂- p. 1982 P\\p-hcn amk-Ønse aI-c-hn-f-°p-Im-eØv F\\n°v i_- cn-ae bm{X sNøp-hm≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-bn. tIm´bw tPko-knse AwK-am-bn-cp∂ Fs‚ ASpØ kplrØv Sn.-sI. cma\\pw H∂n-®mWv t]mb-Xv. tPko-knse Xs∂ saº¿-Bb AUz. cmP≥ a¿t°m-kpw, cmas‚ Xs∂ as‰mcp kplrØv iyma-f\\pw Rß-fpsS H∏w D≠m- bn-cp-∂p. kmcm-`mbv sIan-°¬knse DtZym-K-ÿ-cm-bn-cp∂p Sn.-sI. cma\\pw iyma-f\\pw. A°m-eØv Rm≥ tIm´-bØv Atkm-kn-tb‰v Stbgvkv F∂ ÿm]\\w \\S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1982 P\\p-hcn BZy- hm-c-Ønse Hcp _p[-\\mgvN cm{Xn hmS-I-bvs°-SpØ Aw_m-k-U¿ Imdn¬ R߃ bm{X-Xn-cn-®p. c≠v {_m“W∑mcpw, c≠v Iv\\m\\m-b- °mcpw AS-ßp∂ Rß-fpsS kwLw cm{Xn 10 aWnt-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xncp- \\-°c alm-tZ-h¿t£-{X-Øn-emWv BZyw t]mb-Xv. t£{X-Øn¬ {]th-in®v cma-\\pw, iyma-f\\pw ]qP-Iƒ \\S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ R߃ amdn- \\n∂- p. AXn\\- pt- ijw R߃ i_c- na- e- b- nt- e°v ]pds- ∏´- p. aW¿ImSv FØn-b-t∏mƒ Rm≥ h≠n \\ndpØ- W- s- a∂v Bhi- ys- ∏´- p. sI.-sI. tdmUn-ep≈ aW¿ImSv Ipcn-ip-]-≈n-bn¬ Im¿ \\ndp-Øn. AhnsS Rm\\pw cmP\\pw Cdßn ]≈n-bn¬ t\\¿® C´p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 80

bm{X-bn¬ A]-I-S-߃ H∂pw D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ amXm-hn-t\\mSv {]m¿∞n-®-Xn-\\p-tijw ho≠pw bm{X XpS¿∂p. R߃ \\mep- t]¿°pw Rm≥ Hmtcm Cc-´-t∏cv sImSp-Øp. acp∂v kzman, h°o¬kzm-an, Sb¿kzm-an, iyma-fs\\ henb ]cn-N-b-an-√m-bn-cp-s∂- ¶nepw Rm≥ Iiva-e-kzman F∂v hnfn-®p. At±lw FXn¿s∏m∂pw ImWn-®n-√. Imdnse bm{X-bv°n-S-bn¬ GXm\\pw aWn-°q¿ F√m- hcpw Dd-ßn. hymgmgvN shfp-∏n\\v 4 aWntbm-Sp-IqSn R߃ ]º-bn¬ FØn. ]m¿°nwKv Gcn-b-bn¬ Im¿ \\ndpØn F√m-hcpw ]pd-Øn- d-ßn. ]Ø-\\w-Xn´ Pn√-bnse s]cn-\\mSv {Kma-Ønse s]cnbm¿ ISph kt¶Xw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ImSp-I-fn-emWv i_-cn-ae {io [¿Ω-imkvXm t£{Xw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. Im¿ ]m¿°nwKv ÿe-Øp-\\n∂pw GI- tZiw 4 In.-ao-‰¿ \\S-∂p-thWw ae-ap-I-fnse k∂n[m-\\-Øn¬ FØn- t®-cp-hm≥. P\\p-h-cn-bnse B XWpØ shfp-∏m≥Im-eØv R߃ F√m-hcpw ]º-\\Znbn¬ Gsd-t\\cw Ipfn-®p. sh≈-Øn\\v \\√ XWp- ∏m-bn-cp-∂p, F¶nepw Ipfn-I-gn-™-t∏mƒ R߃°v ae-I-b-dp-hm≥ Dt∑-jhpw D’m-lhpw D≠mbn. ae-bm-‰q¿ ae ]e-X-hW Ib-dn-bn- ´p-s≠-¶n-epw, C{X-Zqcw \\S∂v ae-ap-I-fn¬ FØptam F∂v kwibw D≠mbn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv F√m Znhkhpw ssh.-Fw.-kn.F bn¬ j´n¬_m‰van≥U≥ Ifn-®n-cp-∂Xn\\m¬ henb _p≤n-ap´v IqSmsX ae-ap-I-fn¬ FØn. hgn-bn¬ Nne ÿe-ß-fn¬ [mcmfw Nc¬ \\nc- ∂p-In-S-∂-Xn-\\m¬ Nne {]bm-k-߃ A\\p-`-h-s∏-´p. ae-ap-I-fn¬ ]e IvgvNIfpw ImWp-hm≥ km[n-®p. shSn-h-gn- ]m-Sv \\S-Øp∂ ÿeØv Ipd-®p-k-abw Xßn. ]≠p-Im-eØv \\ΩpsS tZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ s]cp-∂m-fn\\v Cßs\\ t\\¿®-Iƒ \\S-∂n-cp-∂Xv Hm¿Ω-bp-≠m-Ipw. As∂ms° ]Øp-ss]-k, 25 ss]k Hs° sImSpØv IZn\\ s]m´n°- p∂Xv- ]Xnh- mb- nc- p∂- p. i_c- naebn¬ shSn- h-gn-]mSv \\S-Øp-∂Xv h¿j-ß-fmbn ]ecpw tIm¨{SmIvSv FSp-Øn- cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. `‡-P-\\-߃ Ch¿°v ]Ww-sIm-Sp-°p-tºmƒ ssa°n- eqsS Ch¿ hnfn-®p-]-dbpw AºXv Nn∂-sh-Sn, \\qdv s]cnb shSn F∂n-ß-s\\-sb-√mw. At∏mƒ Xmsg shSn-bpsS i_vZw tIƒ°mw. Aø-∏-`-IvX∑m¿ 50, 100 shSns°ms° ss]k sImSp-°pw. Cßs\\ hgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ XpS¿®-bmbn \\S-Øp-∂p. Xmsg Ipsd shSn s]m´n-°pw. Ah¿ s]m´n-°p-∂Xv Bcpw FÆn-t\\m-°m-dn-√. Aßs\\ shSn-h-gn- ]mSv Hcp hgn-]m-Sm-bn-Xs∂ Xocp-∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 81

]Xn-s\\-´mw-]Sn Ib-dp-hm≥ ame-bn´v Ccp-ap-Sn-sI-´p-ambn hcp- ∂h- ¿°v am{Xta A\\ph- mZ- a- p≈- q. kzma- nam¿ bm{Xb- v°pt- ]mI- pt- ºmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp k©n-bmWv Ccp-ap-Sn-s°-´v. Hcp henb k©n \\Sp°v Hcp sI´v D≠m°n c≠p-`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ap≥ `mK- Øn\\v ap≥apSn F∂v ]db- p∂p. Aø∏- \\p ss\\thZ- ya- mbn \\¬Ip- hm-\\p≈ Ah¬, ae¿, s\\øv, \\mfn-tI-cw, ]\\n\\o¿, i¿°c XpS- ßnbhbmWv ap≥ap-Sn-bn¬ kq£n-°p-∂-Xv. kzman°v Bh-iy-amb kzIm-cy-km-[-\\-߃ ]n≥ap-Sn-bn¬ \\nd-bv°p-∂p. cma-\\pw, iyma-f\\pw ]Xn-s\\-´mw-]Sn Nhn-´n-b-t∏mƒ Rm\\pw cmP\\pw as‰mcp hgn-bn-eqsS Aº-e-Øn-\\p kao]w FØn. Ipd-®p- I-gn-™-t∏mƒ Ahcpw i_-cn-ae {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns\\ Z¿i\\w \\SØnbXn-\\p-tijw Rß-fpsS ASpØv FØn. Ahn-sS-Xs∂ amfn- I-]p-d-Ø-Ω-bpsS t£{Xhpw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. R߃ Hcp-a-Wn-°q¿ k∂n-[m\\-Øn¬ Nne-h-gn-®-Xn-\\p-tijw ae Cd-ßp-hm≥ Xocp-am-\\n- ®p. 18˛- mw ]SnbpsS Xmsgb- mbn Aø∏- ≥am¿ s\\øv \\nd®v ho´n¬\\n∂p sIm≠p-h-cp∂ \\mfn-tIcw DS®v Hcp ]IpXn Ahn-sS-bp≈ Bgn-bn¬ \\nt£-]n-°p-∂p. Hcp ]IpXn ss\\th-Zy-ambn ho´n-te°v sIm≠p- t]m-Ip-∂p. AhnsS kZm-k-a-bhpw Xo Bfn-°-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I- bmW- v. ChnsS hmhcv kzmanb- psS t£{Xhpw ImWmw. Ahns- S\\- n∂pw ASn-hm-c-Øn¬ FØn ho≠pw ]º-bn¬ \\∂mbn Ipfn-®p. Im¿]m¿°n-seØn tIm´-b-tØbv°v Xncn-®p. sshIp-t∂cw 4 aWn- tbm-Sp-IqSn kpc-£n-X-ambn ho´n¬ Xncn-s®-Øn. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 82

kwLS\\m {]h¿Ø\\߃ sNdp∏w apX¬ ]e kwLS\\Ifnepw {]h¿Øn°phm≥ F\\n°v Ahkcw e`n®p. tIm´bw CMS tImtfPn¬ BSc bv°v ]Tn°p∂ImeØv 3 h¿jhpw Rm≥ ¢mkv eoU¿ Bbncp∂p. hnZym¿∞nIfpsS bm{Xm I¨kj≥ Im¿Uv, ÃUn Sq¿, hnZym¿∞n kacw, XpSßn ]e Imcy߃°pw t\\XrXzw sImSp°phm≥ km[n®p. kl]mTnIƒ IqSpXepw a‰p ÿeßfn¬ \\n∂pw D≈hcmbncp∂p. Im¨]qc- n¬ MSc Ign™p Xncn®p hcptºmƒ ChnsS hfsc Ipd®v Iq´pIm¿ am{XamWv D≠mbncp∂Xv. 1977 ¬ hnhmlØn\\v tijw IpSpw_ _nkn\\kpambn apt∂m´v t]mIp∂ AhkcØn¬ Hcp kplrØv Fs∂ Pq\\n-b¿ tNº¿ C‚¿\\m-j-Wen¬ AwKamIphm≥ £Wn®p. temIsaºmSpap≈ bphP\\ßfpsS G‰hpw henb kwLS\\bWv tPkokv. 18 \\pw 40 \\pw at≤y {]mbap≈ bphm°fpsS Cu kwLS\\ 1915 ¬ sl≥dn Knkn≥_n-b¿ F∂ Atacn°°mc≥ XpSßnsh®XmWv. hy‡nXzhnIk\\Øn\\v ]ca{]m[m\\yw \\¬Ip∂ Cu kwLS\\bn¬ Rm\\pw AwKambn tN¿∂p. BZyw apX¬ Xs∂ F√m ]cn]mSnIfnepw hfsc kPohambn ]s¶SpØp. 1981 ¬ tIm´bw tPkokns‚ sk{I´dnbpw 1985 ¬ {]knU‚pambn. tIcfØn¬ G‰hpw ap≥]¥nbn¬ {]h¿Øn®ncp∂ H∂mbncp∂p tIm´bw tPkokv. 1980 ¬ knwK]- qc- n¬ \\S∂ A¥¿ tZinb tIm¨{^≥kn¬ ]s¶- Sp-Øp. 1986 ¬ Rm≥ kwÿm\\ sshkv {]knU‚pw 1987 ¬ kwÿm\\ {Sjdmdpambn {]h¿Øn®p. 1992 hsc Cu kwLS\\bn¬ {]h¿Øn°pIbpw [mcmfw Bflm¿∞ kplrØp°sf t\\SpIbpw sNbvXp. 1986 ¬ tIm´bw tdm´dn CuÃv ¢_v Bcw`n®t∏mƒ Rm\\pw AXn¬ {]mcw` AwKambn tN¿∂p. GXm\\pw h¿j߃ tdm´dnbnepw tPkoknepw Hcpan®p {]h¿Øn®p. 1905 ¬ t]mƒ lmcokv F∂ hy‡n Atacn°bn¬ XpSßnbXmWv tdm´dn {]ÿm\\w. C∂v temIØnse ]e cmPyßfnepambn GItZiw 12 e£w AwKßfp≈ Hcp henb kwLS\\bmWv tdm´dn. Ign™ 34 h¿jambn tdm´dnbn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ Rm≥ 1993 ¬ sk{I´dnbpw 1997 ¬ {]knU‚pambn tkh\\w A\\pjvTn®p. 1997 ¬ Friendship exchange F∂ Hcp Programme hgn awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 83

Im\\Ubn¬ t]mIphm\\pw 3 Bgv®°mew AhnsS ]e ¢_pIfnepw ao‰nwßpIfnepw, tIm¨^d≥kpIfnepw ]s¶Sp°phm\\pw km[n®p. AhnSpsØ tdm´dn AwKßfpsS IqsS Xmakn°pIbpw ÿe߃ kμ¿in°pIbpw sNbvXXv \\√ Hcp A\\p`hambncp∂p. aqØ aIƒ Nn{Xsb kμ¿in°phm≥ kosj¬kn¬ t]mbt∏mƒ 2 XhW AhnSsØ tdm´dn ¢_v ao‰nwKn¬ ]s¶Sp°phm\\pw AXns‚ ^eambn 2018 ¬ {]fbw D≠mbt∏mƒ AhnsS \\n∂pw ZpcnXmizmk \\n[nbntebv°mbn 1 e£w cq] kw`mh\\ t\\Sphm\\pw km[n®p. tlmwta‰vkv tPkokneqsS ]cnNbs∏´ 12 IpSpw_߃ 1987 sabv amkØn¬ Hcpan®pIqSn tlmwta‰vkv F∂ Hcp IpSpw_ Iq´mbva cq]oIcn®p. F√m amkhpw F√mh¿°pw kuIcys∏Sp∂ Hcp Znhkw Hmtcm IpSpw_Øn¬ ktΩfn°pIbpw N¿®Ifpw, XamiIfpambn kulrZw ]¶n´v `£Ww Ign®v ]ncnbpIbpw sNøpw. BZy ImeØv F√mhcptSbpw a°fpw Cu hncp∂pIfn¬ ]s¶SpØncp∂p. Ct∏mƒ F√m a°fpw hnhmlw Ign™v temIØns‚ ]e tImWpIfnemsW¶nepw, Ign™ 33 h¿jambn RßfpsS HØp tNcepIƒ kawKfw \\S°p∂p. RßfpsS CShI tZhmebamb Fkv.F®v au≠n¬ 1985 apX¬ {]h¿Øn®phcp∂ XncplrZb IpSpw_tbmKØns‚ 2˛mw hm¿Uv {]knU- ‚- mbn ]eXhWbpw tI{μ {]knU‚mbn 2 h¿jhpw {]h¿Øn°phm≥ km[n®p. ]mcojv _p≈‰n≥ kvt\\lZqXns‚ FUn‰¿, ]mcojv Iu¨kn¬ saº¿, IqSmctbmKw {]knU‚ v F∂o \\nebnepw {]h¿Øn®n´p-≠v. kvt\\lZqXneqsSbmWv Rm≥ teJ\\w FgpØv Bcw`n®Xv. 2010 apX¬ CXn\\v Ahkcw X∂ F√m FUn‰¿amtcbpw \\μntbmsS kvacn°p∂p. Ct∏mƒ anjn-\\dn Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm^v Iv\\m\\mb sebn‰nbpsS {]kn-U-‚mbpw, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑mcpsS kwLS\\bmb 60+ (Sixty Plus) s‚ sshkv {]knU‚mbpw {]h¿Øn°p∂p. Sn.hn & tlmw Aπb≥kv Uotegvkns‚ tIm´bw Pn√m {]knU‚ v, sk{I´dn, tÉv FIvknIyq´ohv AwKw, tIm´bw a¿®≥kv Atkmkntbj≥ FIvknIyq´ohv saº¿ F∂o \\neIfnepw {]h¿Øn®n´p≠v. Cu kwLS\\Ifnse {]h¿Ø\\ßfneqsS hfsc A[nIw kplrØp°sf t\\Sphm\\pw PohnXØn¬ Xs∂ henb am‰ßƒ D≠m°phm\\pw km[n®p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 84

Hcp sImtdmW Imew 2020 AYhm Sz‚n-˛-Sz‚n F∂ h¿jw temI-N-cn-{XØn¬ F∂pw Hm¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp∂ H∂m-bn-cn-°pw. 2019 ¬ ssN\\-bnse hplm≥ \\K-c-Øn¬\\n∂pw s]m´n-∏p-d-s∏´ sImtdmW AYhm tImhn-Uv-˛19 F∂ alm-amcn C∂v temIP\\-Xsb BI-am\\w `oXn- bn¬ B°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Pq¨ 18 hsc 85 e£w Bfp-Iƒ tcmKn- I-fm-Ip-Ibpw \\mec e£w Bfp-Iƒ°v Poh≥ \\jvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu alm-amcn `qan-bn¬ F{X-tØmfw \\miw hnXbv°pw F∂v B¿°pw Hcp Dulhpan√. CXp-hsc temI-N-cn{Xw Adn-b- s∏´- nc- p∂- Xv {InkvXph- n\\- pa- pºv (_n.k- n) F∂pw {InkvXph- n\\p tijw (F.-Un) F∂pw Bbn-cp∂p F¶n¬ C\\n Hcp-]t£ Adn-b-s∏-Sp- ∂Xv sImtdm-W-bv°p-ap≥]pw (_n.-kn) sImtdm-Wbv°v tijhpw (F.-kn) F∂v Bbn-cn-°mw. \\Ωƒ \\mfn-Xp-hsc Pohn-®p-t]m-∂n-cp∂ Hcp Pohn-X-ssien Bbnc- n°- pI- b- n√ \\ΩpsS injvS PohnX- w. B ]gb ImeØ- nt- ebv°v hcp-hm≥ Gsd \\mfp-Iƒ FSp-°pw. Hcp-]t£ \\Ω-fn¬ ]ecpw B Imew Xncn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xn\\v ap≥]p-Xs∂ ChnsS \\n∂v bm{X-bm-Ipw. Cu sImtdm-W-Imew \\sΩ ]pXnb ]e ]Z-ßfpw ]mT-ßfpw ]Tn- ∏n®- p. kmaql- nI AIe- w, temIvUu¨, AXnYn sXmgne- mf- n, amkvIv, t{_Iv Zn sNbn≥, km\\ns- s‰t- kj- ≥, h¿°v {^w tlmw, Izmds- s‚≥, ]e \\nd-Øn-ep≈ tkmWp-Iƒ, tlm´vkvt]m´v F∂n-ßs\\ ]e-Xpw. tIcf- Ø- n¬ BZya- mb- n- sImtdmW ÿncoI- c- n®- Xv 2020 am¿®v 8 \\v dm∂nb- n¬ Bbnc- p∂- p. AXn\\- pa- p≥]v ssN\\b- n¬\\n∂pw FØnb hnZym¿∞n°v U¬lnb- n¬ tcmKw ÿncoI- c- n®- nc- p∂- p. am¿®v 16 apX¬ Xs∂ _kp-I-fnse bm{X-°m-cpsS FÆw, Bcm-[-\\m-e-b-ß-fnse {]m¿∞-\\, Bfp-I-fpsS HØp-tN-c¬, XpSßn ]e Imcy-ßfnepw I¿i-\\-amb \\nb-{¥-W-߃ D≠m-bn. am¿®v 22-˛mw XobXn Rmb- dmgvN {][m-\\-a{¥n {io. \\tc-{μ-tamZnbpsS Blzm\\w A\\p-k-cn®v F√m-hcpw sshIp-t∂cw 5 aWn°v aWn-Iƒ ASn®pw kwKoX D]- I-c-W-߃ hmbn®pw tImhn-Un\\v FXn-cmb sFIy-Zm¿Vyw {]I-Sn- ∏n®p. AXn-\\p-tijw 24-˛mw XnbXn sNmΔmgvN cm{Xn 8 \\v {][m-\\- a{¥n cmjv{SsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[-\\-sN-bvXp \\S-Ønb {]kw-K-Øn¬ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 85

25 apX¬ cmjv{Sw ]q¿Æ temIvUu-Wn-te°v {]th-in-°p-I-bm- sW∂pw, F√m-hcpw Ct∏mƒ Fhn-sS-bm-tWm, AhnsS Xs∂ 21 Znhkw XpS-c-W-sa-∂pw, bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw ]pd-Øn-d-ß-cp- sX-∂pw, \\n¿tZ-in-®p. hnam-\\w, Xoh-≠n, _kv k¿hokv Dƒs∏sS F√m s]mXp-K-Xm-K-Xhpw ac-hn-∏n-®p. am¿®v 25 apX¬ Ah-iy-km-[-\\-߃ hn¬°p∂ IS-Iƒ HgnsI F√mw AS-™p-In-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. tZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ s]mXp Bcm-[-\\-bn-√m-Ø-Xn-\\m¬ F√m-hcpw Sn.-hn. Nm\\-ep-I-fn¬ Ip¿∫m\\ ImWp-∂p. Pohn-X-Øn¬ BZy-am-bn´v Hmim\\ Rmb¿ apX¬ Cuÿ hscb- p≈ XncpI- ¿Ωß- ƒ ]≈nb- n¬ t]mImsX Sn.h- n.b- n¬ ImWp∂ Ah-ÿ-bp-≠m-bn. hnhm-lw, acWw XpS-ßnb Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ 20 Bfp-Iƒ am{Xta ]s¶-Sp-°mhq F∂ \\nbaw h∂p. \\ΩpsS \\m´n¬ At\\Iw BfpI- ƒ hntZi- Øv tPmens- Nø- p∂- h- c- mW- v. AXn\\- m¬Xs∂ ]ecpw \\ncym-X-c- m-b-t∏mƒ kwkvIm-c-N-S-ßp-Iƒ a°ƒt]mepw ]s¶-Sp- °msX \\n¿h-ln-t°≠ Ahÿ D≠m-bn. CSp°n cq]-X-bpsS {]Ya _nj∏v am¿ amXyp B\\n°pgn°- m´- ne- ns‚ arXk- wk- vImc- hpw 20 Bfp- I-fpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ \\S-Ø-s∏-´p. bqtdm-∏n-epw, Atacn-°-bnepw tcmKn-I-fpsS FÆ-hpw, ac-Whpw {Iam-Xo-X-ambn h¿≤n-®p. F√m cmPy-ßfpw hnam-\\-k¿ho- kp-Iƒ \\n¿Øn-h-®p. C≥Uy-bnepw tcmKn-I-fpsS FÆw IqSn-h-∂p. {][m-\\-a{¥n ho≠pw Bfp-Isf sImtdm-W-hym-]-\\-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m[-hm≥am-cm-°p∂Xn\\p-th≠n G{]n¬ 5˛mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN cm{Xn 9 aWn°v hoSp-I-fnse sse‰pIƒ AW®v Zo]w sXfn-°- -W- sa∂v Blzm\\w sNbvXp. sImtdm-W-bpsS `oXn-am‰n Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcp {]Imiw ]c-Øp-hm≥ sNbvX Cu {]hrØn {]iw-km¿l- am-Wv. temIvUu¨ ho≠pw sabvamkw 18 hsc \\o´n F√m-hcpw GI-tZiw 2 amk-°mew hoSp-I-fn¬ Xs∂ Ign-™p-Iq-Sn. {]`m-X-k- hmc- nb- pw, A©n¬ A[nIw BfpI- ƒ IqSp∂- Xpw \\ntcm[- n®- p. AXym- hiy hkvXp-°ƒ hmßp-∂-Xn-\\p-am{Xw Bfp-Iƒ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. hgn- I-fn¬ Bfp-Iƒ k©-cn-°p-∂Xv Npcp-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. cm{Xn 7 aWn°v tijw F√m- hgn-Ifpw hnP-\\-am-bn-cp-∂p. sXmgn¬ ta-Je F√mw- Xs∂ kvXw`-\\m-h-ÿ-bn-em-Wv. temIØv BI-am\\w kº-Zvhy-hÿ hfsc tamia- mb \\neb- nt- e°v \\oßpI- b- mW- v. Cu ZpcnX- Ø- n¬\\n∂pw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 86

F∂p Ic-I-b-dp-sa∂v B¿°pw Hcp \\n›-b-hp-an-√. P∏m-\\n¬ \\S- Øm-\\n-cp∂ Hfn-ºnIvkv Dƒs∏sS F√m Imbn-I-ta-f-Ifpw am‰n-h-®p. \\ΩpsS \\m´n¬ e£-°-W-°n\\v AXn-Yn-sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ tPmen-sN-øp-∂p. Ahsc Ah-cpsS \\mSp-I-fn-te°v Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn- \\pw, {]hm-kn-I-tfbpw A\\y-kw-ÿm-\\-ß-fn¬ tPmen-sN-øp∂ ae- bm-fn-I-tfbpw tIc-f-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\\pw k¿°m¿ F√m {Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw sNøp-∂p. Cu sImtdm-W-Im- eØv hfsc Nn´- tbmsS F√m Imcy-ßfpw ssIImcyw sNøp∂ apJy- a{¥n {io. ]nW- dmbn hnP-b≥, Btcm-Ky-a{¥n {ioaXn ssje-P- So-®¿, Atlm- cm{Xw tPmen-sN- øp∂ Btcm-Ky- {]-h¿Ø-I¿, t]meokv DtZymK- - ÿ¿, k∂-≤-kw- L-S-\\m-{]-h¿Ø- I¿ F∂n-h-sc- sb√mw \\μn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p. \\√ Hcp \\mtfb- v°mbn \\ap°v {]Xo£- t- bmsS ImØnc- n°- mw. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 87

sNdp-IY Ah≥ {]oXm tXmakv ]Xn-hp-t]mse Ahƒ cmhnse Ipfn-s®m-cpßn IÆm-Sn-bpsS apºn¬\\n∂p apSn-NoIn HXp-°p-∂-Xp-I≠v Iq´p-Imcn tNmZn®p: Hm^o- kn¬\\n∂p hcp-tºmƒ Ah\\pw ImWptam IqsS? Ahƒ ]Xn™ kzc-Øn¬ adp-]Sn ]d-™p, Adn-bn-√. Ah-tfmSp kΩXw tNmZn-®n- ´-√t√m Ahs‚ hc-hv. Ah≥ hcp-∂Xv Ahƒ°n-jvS-a-√. Cubn-sS- bmbn Ahs‚ ieyw IqSn-IqSn hcn-I-bm-Wv. Hm^o-knepw hgn-bn-eq- sam-s°- Ah≥ hnSmsX ]n¥p-S-cpw. Hm^o-kn¬ tPmen IqSp-X-ep≈ ka-b-am-Wv. ka-bm-k-a-b-ß- fn¬ Nmbbpw `£-Whpw a‰pw Ign-°p-hm≥t]mepw Ahƒ ad-°pw. D®-I-gn-bp-tºm-tg°pw Ah≥ FØpw. sNIn-´Øv B™-Sn® thZ- \\. s\\‰n-bnse knc-I-fn¬ Iqc-ºp-Iƒ IpØn-bn-d-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se- bp≈ A\\p-`-hw. AtΩ... Ah-fpsS IÆp-Iƒ \\nd-™p. AXp-I≠v Ah≥ Xr]vX-\\m-bn. Xm≥ Pbn®p F∂ `mh-Øn¬ Ah≥ ]nSn H∂- b-®p. Ahƒ H∂pw an≠n-bn-√. {]Xn-I-cn-°p-hm-\\p≈ i‡n Ft∂ Ahƒ°p \\jvS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp Znhkw F√mw icn-bmIpw F∂ ip`{- ]X- o£- t- bms- Sb- mWv Ahƒ F∂pw Hm^ok- n¬ hcp∂- X- v. ]t£, ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ hj-fm-Ip-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. Znh-k-߃ Ign- bpt¥mdpw tPmen-`mcw IqSn-°qSn h∂p. Ahs‚ iey-hpw. Ahƒ ssZh-Øn¬ ]cmXn t_m[n-∏n®v tPmen-bn-te°v ho≠pw {i≤-Xn-cn- ®p. Ah≥ CS-bv°nsS ieyw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Iq´p-Im¿ Nmb IpSn-°m≥ hnfn-®Xv Hcp A\\p-{K-lambn... Ahs‚ ]oU-\\-Øn¬\\n∂pw A¬]w tamN\\w e`n-°p-∂Xv At∏m- gm-Wv. Nmb IpSn®v Xncn®p h∂n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Hcp ]pXnb DW¿hv A\\p-`-h-s∏-´p. Ahs‚ t\\sc Xncn-®-Sn-°p-hm-\\p≈ i‡n ssIh-∂- Xp-t]m-se. {]Xn-Imcw ]n∂o-Smhmw F∂v kzbw Xocp-am-\\n®v Ahƒ XnSp-°-Øn¬ tPmen ]p\\-cm-cw-`n-®p. Aev]-k-abw Ign-™-t∏mƒ Ah≥ Xncn-s®-Øn. Ahƒ FXn¿°p-hm≥ {ian®p. Ahs‚ i‡n ]Xn-∑-Sßp h¿≤n-®pthm! t\\csØ tXm∂nb ss[cysams° tNm¿∂p-t]m-bn. F∂-tØ-bpw-t]mse Ahƒ tXm¬hn kΩXn®p. Ahs‚ ]nSn apdp-In. tZl-am-k-Iew hnd-bv°p-∂-Xmbn Ahƒ°v A\\p-`-h-s∏-´p. t_m[w \\jvS-s∏-t´-°m-hp∂ Ah-ÿ. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 88

samss_¬t^m¨ apgß- n. CSd- nb i_vZØ- n¬ Ahƒ a{¥n- ®p. ltem... ho´n¬\\n∂pw AΩ-bm-Wv. Ah-fpsS hnd-bm¿∂ i_vZw tI´-t∏mƒ AΩbv°p Imcyw ]nSn-In-´n. Ah≥ Dt≠m IqsS C∂pw? AΩ tNmZn-®p. Duw F∂v Ahƒ DØcw aqfn. AΩbv°p tZjy-am- bn. Ahs\\ Hgn-hm-°phm-\\p≈ F{Xtbm hgn-Iƒ Xm≥ Ahƒ°p ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. ]t£, Ahƒ AsXm∂pw {]tbm-Kn-®p-t\\m- °mdn√. Ahƒ Fs¥m-s°tbm ]d™v AΩsb kam-[m-\\n-∏n®v t^m¨ \\ndp-Øn. Hm^o-kn¬\\n∂pw aS-ßp-hm≥ ka-b-am-bn. Ahƒ XnSp-°- Øn¬ _mKp-sa-Sp-Øv, ImØp-In-S-∂n-cp∂ h≠n-bn¬ Ibdn. Ah\\pw IqsS-bp-≠v. FXn¿°p-hm≥ Ahƒ apXn¿∂n-√. X¿°n-®n´v Imcy-an√ F∂v Ahƒ°-dn-bmw. IqsS hcp-hm≥ Ah≥ Xocp-am-\\n-®m¬ kln- °-b-√msX thsd \\nh¿Øn-bn-√. Ah-fpsS a\\ pw \\nd-an-gn-Ifpw Ahs‚ ]cm-{I-a-ß-fpsS IY ]d-™p. Iq´p-Im¿ ]e D]-tZ-i-ßfpw X∂p. ]t£, H∂pw ^en-®n-√. Ahs‚ Cu kz`m-h-hn-tijw Ahƒ ]et- cmSpw ]d™- pt- \\m°- n. B¿°pw Ahsf klmb- n°- ph- m≥ km[n- ®n-√. Nne Znh-k-ß-fn¬˛ Ah≥ IqsS-bn-√mØ Znh-k-ß-fn¬-˛-A- hƒ hfsc D’pI- b- mbn Iq´pI- mc- ps- amØv hntij- ß- ƒ ]¶ph- b- v°pw. Ah≥ IqsS-bp≈ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Ahƒ°v an≠m-´-an-√. Fs¥-¶nepw `£Ww Ign-®v, Cuiz-cs\\ a\\- n¬ [ym\\n®v Fs¥m-s°tbm {]m¿∞n-°pw. Xm≥ kvt\\ln-°p-∂-h¿°v Bbp-cm-tcm-Kyw, tPmen t\\cmw-hÆw sNøp-hm-\\p≈ Ignhv C{X-sbms°. Ah-\\n¬\\n∂pw tamN\\w t\\Sp-hm≥ {]m¿∞n-°m-dn-√. ssZhw I\\n™v sNbvXp-Xcpw F∂ [mc-W-sIm-≠mhmw! Xs‚ KXn a‰m¿°pw D≠m-I-cptX F∂ {]m¿∞-\\-tbmsS Ahƒ Hcp ]mc-sk-‰-tamƒ AI-Øm-°pw. ‘Xe-th- Z\\’ F∂ A]-c-\\m-a-ap≈ Ahs‚ ]cm-{I-a-ß-fn¬\\n∂p kpJ\\n{Z Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm≥. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 89

From the Diary of an Organic tomato… Diya Thomas Hello There !! My name is Cherry and I am a tomato. Like all the people in the Universe, tomatoes also live, die and end up in heaven or hell. In spite of being a good little tomato all my life and receiving presents from Santa every year, I ended up in hell. However, I did have a beautiful childhood and a hopeful youth before having a tragic death and wanted to let you know how a simple, timely act from ‘YOU’ could have landed me in heaven! I never saw my Dad - my earliest memory is waking up on a lovely spring morning to see my mother’s anxious eyes on me. As she watched me stir up from my lo..ong sleep, tears trickled down her cheeks and she sighed in relief. Loud claps from my siblings, all in various shades of green and red, greeted me into this world! I instantly fell in love with my family! We were around a dozen kids and my mother worked hard to feed us. As I grew older, my Mom explained that we were a special genre, organically raised and not modified genetically. I could not understand all of what she said, but thoroughly enjoyed the royal treatment given by our farmer who visited us daily and made sure we were all in perfect health. Life was going great! As days passed, I noticed my Mom looking worriedly at my eldest brother who was quite ripe and plump by now. The younger Tanginoes (thats what tomato siblings are called) teased him saying he might fall off any moment if he got any bigger! My Mom smiled at the jokes but I could sense that something was not right. That night when she kissed him goodnight, I heard her muttering “It might be tomorrow, sleep tight! I love you!”. My brother looked excited but sad at the same time. All this made me very curious but something in my mothers face told me to wait till tomorrow rather than ask her. “MOM…PLEASE!!! I DON’T WANT TO LEAVE!!”. Loud screams from my brother woke me up the next morning. I could see that the farmer’s hand was wrapped around him and my brother was being pulled apart from my mother! I watched in horror as my Mom, heartbroken as she was, consoled him saying “You don’t stand a chance here, honey! I awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 90

would rather you go to the mainland and try your luck. After all, that is what you are destined for”. The small green tendril was getting stretched more and more as the farmer pulled harder — “SNAP” - no blood was shed when that tiny bond was broken and hence it meant nothing tothe farmer - but for us it was everything. My brother was kicking and screaming in vain and my mother, who was calm till now, began to sob. The younger tanginoes were terrified, some were crying. The farmer went on to take away a few of my other brothers and sisters as well! My mother could not stand this any longer and she wailed. Surely, this was not happening! How could the farmer, who was such a kind soul till yesterday be so ruthless today? Where was my brother going? My heart raced for answers to a million questions but I was much too dumbstruck to think. It was just me and the younger tanginoes left with my Mom now. I gasped as the farmer’s hand came near me - he pressed me gently and muttered “not yet”. After taking a good look at the younger Tanginoes, he left. Horrid, horrid man! I chocked and sputtered but was relieved to be left behind. My mother was beyond herself with grief now - she cried incessantly and finally dozed off. I wished I could reassure the younger Tanginoes but since I had no answers to their quizzical looks, I just asked them to go to bed, empty stomached as they were. The very thought of the farmer’s hand tightening around me brought me jitters. I lay awake the whole night and could hardly wait for my Mom to wake up to ask her all about the day’s happenings. The next day, my Mom was back to her usual self. She clearly missed my brothers and sisters but seemed composed. I gathered up courage to ask her about yesterday - my Mom smiled and calmly explained that we were not meant to grow old in this field but to go out in our prime time and experience the outside world. Tomatoes were the most sought after vegetable in the whole world. We were small yet powerful, packed with Vitamin C, Vitamin K and fibre, besides other nutrients. We were one of the most versatile of vegetables, consumed raw or cooked and used in hundreds of dishes! We come in different shades and sizes and the world is still debating if we are a fruit or a vegetable! After a slight pause, she added - “And it is only when we become part of a healthy meal giving out our flavor and strength, that the true meaning of our life is attained and we go to heaven”. My brothers and sisters were enroute heaven now! WOW!! This brought so much peace to my troubled mind. Not bad at all! “Cherry, as much as I love you and want you to stay here with me, I want you to go out, explore, learn, awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 91

have fun and ultimately reach where you are destined to be”. Days passed by and I knew my time had come. That night my mother kissed me with tears in her eyes and asked me “ Are you ready, Cherry?”.I looked into my Mom’s eyes and wondered how much pain she might have endured over the years, watching all of her kids being taken away, in spite of huge protests to break free. Without blinking an eye, I replied “Yes Mom, I am”. My Mom smiled and retired to bed. As expected, the next day morning, the farmer came over, his eyes fixed on me even from a distance. This was it. I did not shed a tear when he pulled me apart but rather endured it with so much grace that my Mom was also spared from breaking into tears. I couldn’t speak but my eyes told her that I was going to be alright. I went through a few rounds of washing and was carefully loaded into a truck along with several other members of the vegetable family. I was given a special cushioned seat [ of course! organically raised, non GMO, remember?] and watched the farm slowly disappear as the truck headed to town. I might have slept for a long time because when I woke up, I was already in a large supermarket. I missed some action in between but was glad to see the hustle and bustle of people around me. Some came up to me, looked at the price and shrugged away. Others pressed and squeezed me, almost chocking me to death but did not want to take me. Days passed and I was beginning to find things less than exciting by now. Being separated from my Mom made me weak and I missed her terribly. I hated the bright lights, the weird smell and the pungent liquid sprayed over me at night. Where was the clear blue sky, the warm brown soil, the laughter of the Tanginoes and my mother’s warmth! I wanted to be back in the farm!! The next day morning, I was dreaming about my days in the farm when I heard a young voice say “ Mom, could you make soup for me?” . A little girl lifted me ever so gently, no pressing or squeezing. Her Mom smiled at her and said “ It is a little too expensive but we will get it anyways!”. I was DELIGHTED!!! Finally, someone was taking me home! I could not wait to be transformed into a soup for this cute little savior of mine! I was thrust into a bag with other veggies - not organically raised, I could tell by their manners. So loud and undignified! I wished I was taken home in a separate bag and not with these ill- bred relatives but the little girl’s Mom did not seem to mind. Sigh! On reaching home, I was shoveled into the bottom cabin inside the fridge. Uh oh, maybe tomorrow, I consoled myself. A couple of days passed - it was cold inside and I began to grow awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 92

weaker. Every time the Mom opened the cabin, I begged her to take me out. She would look at me, say “Ah, for the soup” and take someone else. The words changed from “Maybe tomorrow”, “Oh, its changing color”, “ I’ve got to do this” to “looks like I have lost my money on this darn tomato”. I felt limp and my cheeks were swollen. Surely, I would have very little of my nutrients left by now. The little girl seemed to have forgotten all about the soup too. I knew my end was near - I began to stink and the other veggies around me covered their noses. “ Look at him now, swollen and stinky! So much so for all the royal upbringing that he had, haha!”, they jeered at me. I could do nothing except bear everything in silence. I was breathing heavily by evening. The cabin opened for the last time. The girl’s Mom reached out to me, tissue in her hand. Part of me came off while she tried to lift me and I was not surprised. She sighed in disgust and threw me into the trash bin muttering to herself “ 4.25$ per pound! Will never ever buy this again!”. The lid closed and I found myself in complete darkness. It was mushy and gooey inside the bin, not to mention the stench. AND THIS, MUST BE HELL!!, I thought. I could not help wondering if my siblings had met with the same fate as well. As I breathed my last, my only wish was that my mother would never come to know about this. “Sacrifice yourself for the happiness of others” were her words. What a wastage! I should rather have grown old in the farm and died in my mother’s arms than having such a disgraceful end. Footnote : As can be guessed, this short story has stemmed from my own experience of throwing away rotten vegetables from the fridge after not having used them on time. Next time you look at a soon-to-be rotten veggie, remember that he came over with a heart full of hope and there is a toiling mother out there in the farm still producing offsprings, blissfully unaware of her ill fated children! Thank you!! awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 93

When Breath becomes Air Diya Thomas I first read about “When breath becomes Air” in ‘gatesnotes.com,’ the blog by Bill Gates. Bill Gates often publishes a list of books that he recommends and this book was mentioned in one of those lists. I learned that it was written by Dr. Paul Kalanithi , a neurosurgeon of Indian origin and was published after his death by his wife, Dr. Lucy Kalanithi. The book went on to be rated as one of the best autobiographies ever written, so I thought of reading it. Dr. Paul Kalanithi was born as the second of 3 sons to a Christian dad and a Hindu mom. They had eloped in love since their relationship was not approved by both families and they arrived in America, making it their home. Paul was born in Bronxville, NY where his father worked as a cardiologist. His mother was a home maker who strived to give her children the best of everything. When Paul was 10, the family moved from the busy city of Bronxville to ‘Kingman’, a small town in the desert valley of Arizona. His mother realized that Kingman was one of the most uneducated towns in US and worried about her children’s future. The eldest son soon left for college. Determined to make up for the poor education system, his mother encouraged him to read from a very young age . Soon, Paul was reading classics in prose and poetry. His love for literature earned him a Bachelors and Masters degree in English Literature from Stanford University. He believed literature was the best source for understanding life and that it provided material for self reflection. Paul delved deep into philosophy and books that dealt with life and death. Even with all the reading, he felt ignorant and came to the conclusion that life can only be understood further by direct experience. He decided to pursue medicine and enrolled as a medical student at Yale school of medicine . After 4 years of medical school, he decided to specialize in neurosurgery, one of the toughest disciplines. Neurosurgery residency was 7 years of long grueling work. He evolved from a naïve beginner to one of the best surgeons in the awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 94

country. He took risky decisions and had close encounters with death. He describes events that made him change his view of patients as mere cases. It was extremely exhausting but at the same time satisfying. Paul had married Lucy, his classmate at Medical school and they waited for the residency to be over to start a family. For a brief period while at residency, he also did some research in neuroscience earning the title of neurosurgeon – neuroscientist. Paul came to know that a new research wing was opening in Stanford and he was being considered for a top position. Life was going great. About a year short of completing residency , Paul began to experience back pain and weight loss which was followed by chest pain and an irritant cough. Being a physician himself, he worried about the symptoms. A diagnosis confirmed his worst fear – stage 4 lung cancer. From a chief resident reporting as early as 5.20 am and working 16 hours a day, often performing surgeries several hours long, he had suddenly become a patient worrying how many days he had left . His dreams about a career and starting a family were shattered. Paul took a break from work and started treatment – a pill called Tarceva combined with physiotherapy. His knowledge about the illness and treatment options made it possible for him to be part of the decision-making. As soon as he was slightly better, he was back to work- with a generous intake of Ibuprofen. Paul describes that for him, neurosurgery was not a job, but a calling . If seen as a job, it was one of the worst jobs out there, he says. Paul and Lucy decided to have a baby nevertheless. When his wife asked if it wouldn’t be difficult for him to say good bye to one more person, he replied that life is not about avoiding sufferings. The tumor, which had subsided, came back again and this time he had to start chemotherapy. One Friday, when his shift was over, he returned home, knowing that it would be his last day working as a neurosurgeon. He spent his remaining days at home, spending time with his family and focused on completing his book. Paul Kalanithi died at the young age of 36, surrounded by his parents, brothers, wife and his 8 months old baby daughter lying beside him. He was a gifted doctor, deep thinker and a passionate human awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 95

being. Though he had denounced religion at one point, he later acknowledged the scripture to be powerful and was fascinated by the concepts of forgiveness, suffering and mercy. In particular, he mentions about mercy over justice. I truly believe that if he had more time, he would have written a book enlightening us further about the deep meanings embedded in the Scriptures. I am grateful that I had a platform to introduce his story to others but the book should be read in its entirety for a truly great experience. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 96

Daughty-My dear sister-in-law Reena Thomas Daughty I am sending this commemorative message about Daughty, as my tribute to Kunchachen on his 77th Birth day.. I’m sure we are going through a very tough time and we badly miss her on this special day. We have to strengthen ourselves to face this situation and we all are praying always for you. I want Tara and Amanda to understand my appreciation and love for Daughty that I attempt to write this in English though I’m not much experienced for that. It is almost 43 years back that I met Daughty as my sister- in-law. Thomaskutty always says that kunchachen was advised and inspired by him for the wedding. I’m sure by god’s grace Daughty was the best lifepartner to Kunchachan. Kunchachen has his spe- cific style and life pattern. Daughty understood him very well and they truly complemented each other. I have many fond memories of kunchachen and Daughty. When we came to winnepeg in 1997, we stayed happily with you. You took us to Chicago by car and I remember Daughty driving long hours enjoying the malayalam songs on the CD. Again we have good memories of the stay with Tara and Selby in Washing- ton, along with you both and Preetha and family. You were kind enough to adjust your way back to Winnepeg through Detroit to drop us there. Thank you so much for all the help and happy mo- ments you shared. Our trip to Pune, Ajanta & Ellora in 2018 and the recent trip to Andamans were really wonderful and memorable. Thank God, we all could make it. Daughty’s funny talks and smart walks are still in my memory. We used to call her ‘Selfie kochamma’ bacause of her numerous selfies. Her interest in cards play was so much that God allowed her to play happily till the last moment. I remember Daughty as a healthy, energetic and eversmiling lady ready to ren- der all help and happiness to others. We were shocked to hear that awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 97

she is admitted in the ICU in such a severe condition. I couldn’t believe it because, I haven’t heared of any sickness or ailments dur- ing her stay here. All those four days we prayed strongly for her recovery. I feel fortunate that I could participate in the group prayer for her. I’m sure God has showered his blessings on Daughty and the whole family that she passed away peacefully and we all are strengthened to face this reality. Her untimely demise is actually heart breaking. God alone can give the peace and strength. Let us all pray for that. It’s heartwarming that Tara Amanda and their family could come and stay with you. May Almighty God guide you and bless you. Kunchacha, our love and hugs to you on your 77th Birthday. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 98

CoVeed Thomas George CoVeed is an expression of coexistence and co-operation. This project was developed by the designer and entrepreneur Lakshmi Menon. She named this project ‘CoVeed’ to commemorate the pandemic Covid -19. Coveed means co-operation through veed (Veed meaning house ). In this project people make small houses with cardboards during the lockdown days and pack them with provisions to donate to the needy. Thus Coveed is a gift pack. It is a token of appreciation from your home to others. The slogan of this project is “Coveed to Combat Covid” Corona lockdown has brought many families especially the daily wages workers to a very bad condition. Every Coveed we make is filled with small portion of what we have, to be given to those who don’t have. This practice was prevalent in our state and still is in many houses. It seems to be the most appropriate time to make it popular. The difficulties caused by the lockdown can be overcome by making it a celebration and creating beautiful memories for a lifetime in our homes. Coveed conveys the message that nobody should go hungry. It also reminds that there is no other place safer than homes. Thus Coveed is an expression of togetherness to count our blessings which tells “we have a home to lock up, so please lockdown” awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 99

DYSLEXIA LEARNING DISABILITY Chitra Thomas Dr. Berlin, a German Neurologist coined the term Dyslexia from greek – Dys meaning poor and lexis meaning words. Thus dyslexia defines severe difficulty in using and understanding language. The dyslexic children have disabilities in the acquisition and use of the skills of Reading, Writing, Spelling Arithmetic or Language. Some children may have only one of these areas involved. In others several of the above learning problems may be involved. Kids with dyslexia can be extremely creative and often excel in visual arts, sports, mechanics etc. Special education professionals use the term Learning Disabilities (L.D.) for the above mentioned condition. Learning Disability is a developmental disorder present from child’s birth as a silent ‘neurological handicap’. It results from the differences in the structure and function of brain. There are specific brain areas and specific brain bio-chemicals controlling various functions. Any deficit in the brain area controlling those functions give rise to disability in that specific function. Learning disabled children are not dull or mentally challenged. They are differently abled. About 10% of all our school children have dyslexia which we fail to recognise because of our ignorance about it. Boys are affected three times more than girls. It has been described as a different kind of mind -often gifted and productive- that learns differently. Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein, Winston Churchill, Walt Disney, Agatha Christy, awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 100