ELS Grammar Book

44. It was.......him to leave ....... thanking us. 51 ......... his colleagues, he Is regarded ........ There must have been something wrong. the only person reliable enough to be given such a responsibility. A) unlike/without B) against/by A) Out of/to B) Among/as D) Between/at C) among/for D) beside/out C) From/like E) Beyond/for E) opposite/from 45. Since we had our car fitted ...... an alarm, 52. You cannot continue to blame everyone our insurance premiums have fallen ..... else ...... your misfortunes. You must 20%. learn to take responsibility ...... your own actions. A) to/at B) of/off A) for/for B) with/with D) about/of C) with/by D) at/around C) at/over E) from/to E) for/between 53. When it comes to cooking, Maureen's Is greatl She's ...... the best cook I know. 46. Sssshh... We should keep our voices ...... until we are quite certain that the others A) under guarantee B) at last are ......earshot. C) on average D) by far A) off/from B) under/through D) E) for short C) below/off down/out of E) past/beyond 54. He is known ...... the business world ...... a man whose word can be trusted. 47. In many countries, basketball is normally A) of/by B) in/for played in a sports hall, not ...... as it C) during/like D) with/by often is here in Turkey. E) throughout/as A) in the suburbs B) on an expedition 55. He was deterred ...... accepting the post C) at times D) out of reach due to the amount ...... overtime it would E) out of doors entail. 48. I wouldn't be so envious ...... her A) B) against/on D) without/to promotion if she didn't keep boasting...... off/in E) from/of it. C) by/at A) from/in C) of/about B) to/up 56 ....... my whole family, I would like to wish E) D) for/of you many happy years together. about/out of A) On behalf of B) In love with C) For the sake of D) In favour of E) On the point of 49. Perhaps a few days away...... home will enable you to take your mind...... your 57. After her leg has been operated .......she problems. should be able to walk...... a limp. A) from/off B) at/in A) in/at B) on/without C) to/with D) around/up C) over/above D) against/on E) beside/from E) by/to 50. The children were...... giving up hope 58. I always associate the scent...... roses when someone phoned to say their dog ......my grandmother's house, where we had been found. used to spend our summer holidays. A) in the habit of A) at/of B) for/to B) on the point of C) from/by D) off/for C) in return for E) of/with D) for the sake of E) in exchange for ELS Q 635 651

59. After running halfway across town to 67. These watermelons were expensive, but meet his girlfriend, Jim was so...... that that's because they are.......here and so he could not speak for a few minutes had to be imported from Iran. when he arrived. A) without control C) on B) at random A) out of doors B) out of fashion D) out of occasion D) out of breath C) out of luck season E) out of debt E) on his way 68. If you constantly translate....... the language you are learning.......your 60. The horse must have escaped....... native tongue, you'll never make any jumping.......the fence. progress. A) to/about B) from/into D) in/for A) from/ about C) B) to/under C) for/with E) about/from by/over D) with/up E) 69. Please wait ......silence ........my office for/above until I'm ready to see you. 61. The cyclist was obviously ......control as A) B) in/outside D) at/opposite he hurtled headlong ......the hill. for/on C) E) with/near A) without/with B) in/at C) under/above D) from/up E) out of/down 62. I was filled.......admiration when I realized how much he'd achieved ...... such a short time. A) at/for B) about/until 70. Just ...... you and me, I don't think Sarah C) from/during D) by/at is very enthusiastic ...... the chairman's E) with/in decision. 63. The kitchens are in an awful state this A) among/to B) about/from D) over/at morning. I want to speak to whoever was C) from/with E) between/about ..... last night's restaurant staff immediately. 71. The two leaders agreed to put their differences aside A) under control B) in charge of for the meeting and C) for the sake of D) in touch with concentrate on what they had.......- E) on good terms with namely, a desire for peace in the area. A) on time B) for short D) in common 64. He walked up the road....... a determined C) in order E) for once look ...... his face. 72. Are you acquainted ...... that tall man A) with/on C) in/in B) by/at standing ...... Angela? E) D) to/after A) to/beside B) with/next to D) over/in C) for/among front of through/for E) about/on 65. Do you know whom the bicycle leaning 73. His reaction.......my suggestion was clear .....the wall belongs........ ? when he said nothing, but simply walked ..... the meeting. A) against/to C) B) from/on to/with D) at/by E) on/for 66. Several boats in the area responded....... the calls ...... help from the captain of the damaged yacht. A) for/over B) towards/with A) to/out of C) B) with/into C) to/for D) with/about by/through D) of/from E) at/over E) on/to 636 a ELS 652

74. As he heard more and more...... his 81-90. sorularda, verile» cümleye brother's successes, while he himself anlamca. continued to achieve nothing, he 81. This supermarket sells products at prices gradually became consumed ...... jealousy suitable for people from all walks of life. and hatred. A) Those from the lower class, in A) from/over B) of/to particular, shop at this supermarket C) at/by D) about/with because of its reasonable prices. E) for/up B) The products sold at this supermarket 75. The superiority.......the latest model ....... are desired by people of all social the previous one is Immediately evident. classes. A) for/from B) to/by C) Only those who can't afford the prices C) of/over D) about/at elsewhere prefer to shop at this E) with/on supermarket. 76. I wish the people who design D) Except for those from the upper class, supermarkets would make an effort to everybody likes to do their shopping put all products ...... the reach........short at this supermarket. people, such as me. E) People from any social class can A) out of/to C) B) within/of afford the prices at this supermarket. beyond/with D) at/for 82. Despite efforts being made to contain it, E) the forest fire continues to spread among/by uncontrollably. A) Although people tried to stop the 77. As soon as the meeting is.......progress, forest fire initially, the blaze soon grew no latecomers will be allowed........ out of control. B) As it was not possible to penetrate A) under/among C) B) at/to into the forest, the fire increased in by/for D) within/at size until it was unstoppable. C) The forest fire still shows no sign of E) in/in slowing down, regardless of attempts to get it under control. 78. Knowing the dangers, she kept all her D) Owing to the failure of the firemen to cleaning materials, such as bleach and arrest it early on, the forest fire went disinfectant, well...... of her children. out of control. E) The fire is getting bigger so quickly A) out of reach B) in tears that no one can possibly prevent it. C) in danger D) on purpose E) In public 83. Far more devastating for the author than the loss of his house to flre was the 79. He might be known...... his good sense destruction of the sole copy of his latest ......humour, but personally, I've always novel. found him to be miserable and unpleasantly sarcastic. A) In his latest book, the author tells of the pain he suffered when he lost his A) as/for B) to/by D) like/with home in a devastating fire. C) with/in E) for/of B) Even more difficult for the author 80. The area is subject...... earthquakes, so than writing his only book was seeing local people are always ......the alert. it destroyed when his house burnt down. A) by/for C) with/with B) for/at E) D) to/on C) The only thing the author was able to of/under rescue from the flames which destroyed his home was the sole copy of his latest book. D) Even the destruction of his home in the fire was not as hard for the author to bear as the burning of the only manuscript of his new novel. E) The author was devastated to find his house burnt down with everything in it, among which was the only manuscript of his latest novel. ELS a 637 653

84. I'm sure it was not by accident that she 88. The test is designed so that the questions embarrassed him in the presence of get progressively harder. others. A) The test has been set up to be more A) Her embarrassment in front of us was difficult in order to test with precision because of something he did the progress of those taking it. intentionally. B) Though the exam may seem very B) I feel no doubt that she deliberately challenging at first glance, if you've caused him embarrassment in public. made progress, you can do it well. C) I think that embarrassing him in C) Although this test looks difficult, public was an accident on her part. you've made so much progress that D) He was certainly embarrassed by the I'm sure you'll pass it easily. mistake she made in front of D) The format of the exam is such that it everyone. starts with easier questions and E) Everyone who was present knew that continues by gradually increasing in she'd embarrassed him on purpose. difficulty. E) This test has been formatted in such 85. Scarcely had he returned from abroad, a way that only the most progressive when he had to go on another extended students can do it. business trip. A) His business trip abroad was 89. For the companies which just want extended because people like him profits, the morality of what they do is were scarce. not so important to them. B) Business abroad was so good that he A) Although there are companies which could scarcely finish everything on do care about morality, the concern of one trip. most of them is just to make money. C) After returning from abroad, he had B) Some companies don't care much hardly any work to do until he went about whether what they do is right or on another business trip. wrong because they only concentrate D) Since business was scarce, his time on making money. abroad could not be extended. C) Since big corporations often donate E) As soon as he got back, business took huge amounts of money to charity, him overseas again for a long time. they can be considered moral organizations. 86. She never eats cake except when she D) Wanting to make profits is quite celebrates her birthday. natural, but companies should also A) Until her birthday, she will never taste consider the rights and wrongs of even a small piece of cake. what they do. B) At last, on her last birthday, she tried E) There are, unfortunately, companies a piece of her birthday cake. which do lots of immoral things just C) Although she celebrates her birthday for the sake of making profits, though every year, she never eats any of her their number is not so high. birthday cake. D) The only occasion on which she eats 90. The only thing I really need at this very cake is on her own birthday. moment is to be on my own for a while. E) She has decided that, for the first A) I'd really rather be by myself at the time in her life, she will try eating moment than be among such a big cake on her birthday. crowd. B) At the moment, nothing would help 87. It wasn't the best film rve ever seen, but me feel better than spending some it was definitely above average. time by myself. A) The film was better than most, though C) While I know I need to be alone at the I have seen better ones. moment, I don't think it seems B) I can only recall ever seeing one film possible. better than that one. D) I don't know what to do about this C) I've never seen such a good film in situation, so I suppose I'll think about such an ordinary cinema. it alone for some time. D) I've seen a lot of dull films, but that E) I'm not feeling very well at the one is worse than most. moment, and I think it's because I've E) Though the film was wonderful, it been on my own for so long. lasted a bit longer than normal. 638 Q ELS 654

sorularda, C) Taş Devri kültürleri Güney Amerika'nın cangıllarında ve Yeni 91. The effects of acid rain can be devastating Gine adasında hiç bozulmamış olarak to many forms of life. Including human varlığını sürdürmektedir. life. D) Bugün hemen hiç bozulmamış Taş A) Asit yağmurlarının etkileri, insan Devri kültürleri, sadece Güney yaşamı dahil, pek çok canlı türü için Amerika'nın cangıllarında ve Yeni çok zararlı olabilmektedir. Gine adasında bulunmaktadır. B) Pek çok canlı türü için çok zararlı E) Güney Amerika'nın cangıllarında ve olan asit yağmurları, insan yaşamını Yeni Gine adasında Taş Devri da etkileyebilmektedir. kültürleri neredeyse hiç bozulmamış biçimiyle hala vardır. C) Asit yağmurlarının zararlarından, insan yaşamı dahil, pek çok canlı 94. Our speed, which was a little above the türü etkilenmektedir. Hmit, combined with the sudden stop of the car in front of us, made the crash D) Asit yağmurlarının etkileri, sadece unavoidable. insan yaşamı için değil, pek çok canlı türü için zararlıdır. A) Hızımız biraz limitin üzerindeydi ve önümüzdeki araba da aniden E) Asit yağmurlarının, insan yaşamı durunca, çarpışmayı önlemek dahil, pek çok canlı türü üzerinde imkansızdı. zararlı etkileri görülebilir. B) Çarpışmayı kaçınılmaz yapan bizim 92. Man must have got the Inspiration for the hızımızın limitin biraz üzerinde olması Invention of the wheel from using logs as değil, önümüzdeki arabanın aniden rollers to move heavy objects. durmasıydı. A) Ağır nesneleri taşımak için kütüklerin silindir gibi kullanılmasından C) Hızımız limitin biraz üzerindeydi, ama esinlenen insanoğlu tekerleği icat önümüzdeki araba aniden etmiştir. durmasaydı, çarpışmayı kesinlikle B) Tekerleğin icadında insanoğlunun önleyebilirdik. esin kaynağı, ağır nesneleri taşımak için kütüklerin silindir gibi D) Çarpışmayı önleyemezdik, çünkü biz kullanılması olabilir. biraz limitin üzerinde bir hızla C) İnsanoğlu tekerleğin icadı için ilhamı, gidiyorduk ve önümüzdeki araba çok ağır nesneleri taşımak için kütüklerin ani durdu. silindir gibi kullanılmasından almış olmalı. E) Limitin biraz üzerinde olan hızımız, D) Tekerleğin icadında insanoğluna, önümüzdeki arabanın aniden durması kütüklerin silindir gibi kullanılarak ile birleşince, çarpışmayı ^açınılmaz ağır nesnelerin taşınması ilham kıldı. yermiştir. E) İnsanoğlu tekerleğin icadında esinini, 95. Practically every culture has its own ağır nesnelerin taşınmasında traditional ceremonies related to birth kullandığı silindir biçimindeki and death. kütüklerden almıştır. A) Bazı kültürlerde doğum ve ölüm 93. In tbjC jungles of South America and on törenleriyle ilgili çok ilginç adetler the island of New Guinea, Stone Age vardır. cultures still exist in almost unspoilt form. B) Hemen hemen bütün kültürlerde, A) Güney Amerika'nın cangıllarında ve doğum ve ölüm olaylarında, yakınların Yeni Gine adasında varlığını sürdüren katıldığı törenler yapılır. Taş Devri kültürleri, neredeyse hiç değişim yaşamamışlardır. C) Bazı kültürlerin doğum ve ölüme B) Güney Amerika'nın cangıllarında ve ilişkin geleneksel törenleri çok Yeni Gine adasında bugün hala hiç pratiktir. değişime uğramamış Taş Devri kültürleri bulmak mümkündür. D) Hemen her kültürün doğum ve ölüme ilişkin kendi geleneksel törenleri vardır. E) Doğal olarak her kültür, doğum ve ölüm törenlerinde kendi adetlerini uygular. ELS Q 639 655

96. Viewed as a whole, the country's economy D) Pazarlamacılığın süratle yayılan bir has deteriorated noticeably over the past kolu da, ürünlerin televizyon ve bilgi decade. sayar yoluyla alıcıya ulaştırılmasıdır. A) Genel olarak bakıldığında, ülke E) Pazarlamacılığın yeni bir alanı olan ekonomisi son on yılda hissedilir televizyon ve bilgisayar aracılığıyla ölçüde kötüleşti. alışveriş yönteminde teslimat süratli bir biçimde yapılmaktadır. B) Son on yılda ekonomideki kötüleşme ülkenin tümünde hissedilmektedir. 99. One significant benefit of travel to foreign places is learning how customs differ C) Tüm ülke genelinde, ekonominin son from country to country. yıllarda giderek kötüleştiği gözlenmektedir. A) Yurtdışına seyahat etmek, ülkeler arasındaki kültür farkını görmek D) Ekonominin son yıllarda bir hayli açısından çok yararlıdır. kötüleştiği konusunda genel olarak bir görüş birliği var. B) Yurtdışında bulunmanın en önemli yaran, çeşitli ülkelerin geleneklerini ve E) Ülkenin genel durumuna bunlar arasındaki farkları bakıldığında, ekonominin son on öğrenmektir. yıldaki durumu oldukça kötüdür. C) Ülkeden ülkeye geleneklerin nasıl 97. Caught In the villagers' trap, the fox değiştiğini görmek bakımından struggled in vain for hours to free itself. yurtdışına seyahat etmek son derece yararlıdır. A) Tilki köylülerin kurduğu tuzaktan ancak saatlerce süren bir D) Bir ülkeden diğerine gelenekler o mücadeleden sonra kurtulabildi. kadar farklı ki, bunlar ancak çok seyahat ederek öğrenilebilir. B) Köylülerin tuzağına yakalanan tilki kurtulmak için boş yere saatlerce E) Yurtdışına seyahat etmenin önemli bir uğraştı. yararı, ülkeden ülkeye geleneklerin nasıl değiştiğini öğrenmektir. C) Saatlerce köylülerin kurduğu tuzaktan kurtulmaya çalışan tilkinin 100. Before a city plan was adopted in 1889, tüm çabaları boşunaydı. Sao Paulo looked more like a capital city of colonial times. D) Köylüler tilkiyi tuzağa düşürmek için saatlerce boş yere uğraştılar. A) Sao Paulo, sömürge döneminin bir başkentini andıran görünümünden E) Tilkiyi tuzağa düşürmek için saatlerce 1889'da, şehrin yeniden planlanma- uğraşan köylülerin çabalan boşa gitti. sıyla kurtuldu. 98. Shopping by means of television and B) 1889'a kadar sömürge döneminin computers is a recent but rapidly başkenti olma özelliğini sürdüren Sao expanding development in the area of Paulo, o dönemde planlı şehirleşmeye marketing. başlamıştır. A) Yakın zamanda çıkmış olan televizyon C) 1889'da bir şehir planı benimsenmeden ve bilgisayar aracılığıyla ürün pazarla önce, Sao Paulo daha çok sömürge ma yöntemi hızla yayılmaktadır. döneminin bir başkenti gibi görünüyordu. B) Pazarlamacılık alanında son bir gelişme de, alıcıyla televizyon ve bilgisayar D) 1889'da planlı gelişmeye başlamadan yoluyla irtibat kurarak satış önce Sao Paulo, aynı sömürge döne yapılmasıdır. minde bir başkent görünümündeydi. C) Televizyon ve bilgisayar aracılığıyla E) Sömürge döneminde başkent olan Sao alışveriş, pazarlamacılık alanında yeni Paulo, 1889'da şehir planı çizilene dek ama hızla yayılan bir gelişmedir. çok düzensiz bir şekilde kentleşmişti. 64O ü ELS 656

' C) Before printing was invented, official sources gave the public whatever cümleye anlamca en, yakm ingilizce information they thought was suitable cümleyi bulunuz. to release. 101. Kendi özgür iradeleriyle olmasa da, zenci köleler, Amerika'nın ekonomik D) It was only after the invention of temellerinin atılmasında önemli bir rol printing that the public began to oynamışlardır. obtain satisfactory information from ?fficial sources. A) The foundation of the American economy was a role played largely by E) When printing was invented, it black slaves, though against their became possible for the public to get desires. satisfactory information from sources other than officials. B) Though not of their own free will, black slaves played a major role in 104. Panik yaratmamak için yetkililer, tehlike laying the economic foundations of tamamen geçinceye kadar halka hiçbir America. şey duyurmadılar. C) Although not of their own free will, it A) The danger was completely over by was the black slaves who laid the the time the authorities publicized foundations of the American economy. everything, so they didn't cause a panic. D) They didn't actually desire to do so, but many of the black slaves played B) The danger not being completely over, important roles in laying the the authorities publicized nothing foundation of America's economy. which could cause a panic. E) The most important role in the laying C) In order not to cause panic, the of the foundations of the American authorities didn't publicize anything economy was played by black slaves, until the danger was completely over. despite their reluctance. D) The authorities chose not to announce 102. Araştırmalar, başarılı insanların sahip anything until the danger had olduğu ortak bir özelliğin azim olduğunu completely passed, in order not to göstermektedir. create panic. A) If people want to be successful in E) Nothing was announced until after the their research, they must persevere danger had completely passed and not give up. because the authorities didn't want to cause panic. B) Whether or not perseverance is common to all successful people is 105. Binalarının neredeyse tümü çevreden still being researched. çıkarılan granitten yapılmış olduğu için, iskoç şehri Aberdeen'e, Granit Şehri de C) According to the results of the denir. research, perseverance is one point in common among successful people. A) Virtually all of the buildings in the Scottish city of Aberdeen, also known D) Research indicates that one quality as the Granite City, were constructed successful people have in common is using the granite which was quarried perseverance. nearby. E) Researchers state that those who B) The granite out of which most of the want to be successful have to be Scottish city of Aberdeen's buildings persistent. are built and which gives the city its other name, Granite City, is quarried 103. Matbaa icat edilene kadar halk, resmi nearby. kaynaklar kendisine ne bilgi veriyorsa onunla yetinmek zorundaydı. C) Since nearly all of its buildings are constructed from the granite quarried A) Until the invention of printing, the nearby, the Scottish city of Aberdeen public had to be satisfied with is also called the Granite City. whatever information official sources gave it. D) Virtually all of the granite which is quarried close to the Scottish city of B) The only source of news the public Aberdeen, also named the Granite had until the invention of printing City, has been used to construct the was the information it received from buildings there. officials. E) The Scottish city of Aberdeen is called the Granite City because all of its buildings are constructed from the granite which can be found close by. ELS Q 641 657

106. S1da9a,k7ha0arlielnaridnpeegnkübçveoernkiitklaiorşltiuışşpmekoaelmrkoyadenrıuğisnıue olsa B) We'll probably never know what onu happened to the old man, who ImlIanmalftaHır. vanished into thin air quite unexpectedly. A) There has been some controversy as to whether saccharin, which has been C) The old man's disappearance without used since the 1970s as a substitute a trace, which was quite unexpected, for sugar, is safe or not. has left us wondering what happened to him. B) Many people still debate whether or not saccharin should be used as a D) Having disappeared into thin air quite substitute for sugar even though it unexpectedly, the old man will was shown to be unsafe in the 1970s. probably never be heard of again. C) While the controversy, which started E) We don't know what happened to the in the 1970s, about whether or not old man because he vanished into saccharin is safe goes on, lots of thin air quite unexpectedly. people still use it as a substitute for sugar. 109. Ülkenin ekonomisi esas olarak tanma dayanır, ama el sanatları, turizm ve D) The controversy, which started in the balıkçılık da önemli unsurlardır. 1970s, about whether or not saccharin is safe has led a lot of A) The country's economy relies most people to abandon its use as a heavily on agriculture, supplemented substitute for sugar. by handicrafts, tourism and fishing. E) Although whether or not saccharin is B) In addition to agriculture, the safe has been the subject of country's primary source of revenue, controversy since the 1970s, many handicrafts, tourism and fishing are people still use it as a substitute for also important to the economy. sugar. C) The country's economy is based 107. Mutlak doğruluğu lie bilinen John primarily on agriculture, but Stuart Mill, kendlslnlnkllerle karşıt olan handicrafts, tourism and fishing are görüşleri sadece hoş karşılamakla also notable components. kalmaz, ikna olursa, benimserdi de. D) Handicrafts, tourism and fishing are A) It was for welcoming ideas opposed to notable industries in the otherwise his own and, if convinced, adopting agricultural economy of the country. them, that John Stuart Mill became known for his absolute fairness. E) The country has a mainly agricultural economy, with handicrafts, tourism B) Not only did John Stuart Mill welcome and fishing also making important ideas in contradiction to his own, but contributions. he also sometimes adopted them, which convinced everyone of his 110. insanlar firtınalan kontrol altına absolute fairness. alamıyorlar, ama onları önceden tahmin ederek, mal ve can kaybını mümkün C) John Stuart Mill became known for olduğu kadar azaltabiliyorlar. his absolute fairness by welcoming ideas from others and, when A) Humans cannot bring storms under convinced, adopting them. control, but by predicting them in advance, they can minimize loss of life D) Known for his absolute fairness, John and property. Stuart Mill not only welcomed ideas that opposed his own but also, if B) Storms are phenomena which cannot convinced, adopted them. be controlled by mankind, but the amount of damage they can inflict has E) Others were convinced of John Stuart been minimized by early warning Mill's absolute fairness as he not only systems. welcomed ideas that were against his own but also adopted them when C) Advanced warning systems have appropriate. enabled humans to predict storms, and thus minimize their potential for 108. nöAğenroseınlzdeıumnğekuyaneyucıepbğleaizrlka. ikdaerıhşaiçnbyiraşzlaımadaanma damage and injury. A) Quite unexpectedly, the old man D) Humans are unable to control the disappeared without a trace, so it is weather, but the amount of damage a likely that we will never know what storm can do has been minimized by happened to him. accurate weather forecasting. E) Although unable to control storms, mankind does reduce the loss of life and potential damage by predicting them well in advance. 642 ü ELS 658

UNIT 12 Phrasal Verbs INTRODUCTION aPnhlraamsatalşvıre.rÖb,rnbeirğifniil\"ktaökkeü\"ylfeiibliir\"aaldmvaekr,bgiaöltüpramrteikc'lea'ndlaanmoınludşaudrırv. eAtnücraekdi\"ğtiafkiiel kökünden farklı bir off\", \"uçağın havalanması\" ya da \"bir giysiyi çıkarmak' anlamlarını veren farklı sözcüklerdir. Parents should bring up (raise) their children properly, (phrasal verb) Do you think this blouse will go with (match/suit) my checked skirt? (phrasal v.) gPfieirlçeiinpşoiassnialtağiomlanımadlaevkğetiırşrbm. \"evze. rPbre+pporseitpioonsi'mtiobnu\"rbaidçaikmiignödreeovliuyşöunr.eAlmnecabki,ldpirrempeoksiytiaondaekfilielnddeniğni ezasnmeayne She is watting for her boyfriend, (prepositional verb) He listened to the news very carefully, (prepositional verb) Bazı phrasal verb'lerde (transitive phrasal verbs), fiil kökü ile particle arasına nesne girebilir. Prepositional verb'lerde ise, fiil ile preposition in arasına nesne giremez. Ancak, briefly, angrily, suspiciously, etc. gibi durum bildiren zarflar girebilir. Parents should bring their children up properly, (phrasal verb) I looked at the timetable, (prepositional verb) I looked briefly at the timetable. I looked at the timetable brieûy. 12-1 PHRASAL VERBS: TRANSITIVE or INTRANSITIVE Palhmraasyaalnvfeirilbl'elerroiltarraanksiitkivi egr(ugpetçaişilnic),elyeayneibnileisrinze. alabilen, ve Intransitive (geçişsiz), yani nesne 12-2 TRANSITIVE PHRASAL VERBS Transitive phrasal verbs, nesne alabilen fiillerdir. a) Geçişli fiillerin bir bölümünde nesne iki şekilde yer alabilir: verb + partide + object ya da verb + object + partide. She turned off the television, (transitive) She turned the television off. They turned down my offer, (transitive) They turned my offer down. ELS a 643 659

b) Bazı transitive phrasal verb'lerde ise fiil köküyle partide birbirinden ayrılamaz. He got over his Illness remarkably quickly. l came across an old Mend the other day. c) Araya nesne alabilen phrasal verb'lerde nesne me, it, them, you, etc. gibi bir pronoun ise, bu nesne particle'dan sonra kullanılamaz. Mutlaka fiil ile partide arasında yer almalıdır. She turned it off. They turned him down. I'll think them over. d) Ancak, bölünemeyen phrasal verb'lerde, nesne bir pronoun da olsa, yeri değişmez. Yine particle'dan sonra gelir. He got over it remarkably quickly. I came across him the other day in a cafe. 12-3 INTRANSITIVE PHRASAL VERBS Intransitive phrasal verbs, nesne almayan fiillerdir. The expedition set off at dawn to reach the area before it got too hot. , (intransitive) By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off. (intransitive) NOTE: Phrasal verb'lerle ilgili egzersiz ve testleri yaparken, kitabın sonunda yer alan \"Mini Phrasal Verb Dictionary\" den yararlanabilirsiniz. EXERCISE 1: Complete the sentences using the words given below. Use the correct form of the verb. look up hold up pick up take up take up make up grow up show up turn up blow up 1. As 1 don't have Sam's telephone set up blow up number at the head office, I'll have to .................................................................................................................. it........... in the directory. 2. Getting there and pitching the tents ............................. most of the first day, so we didn't do any sightseeing until the next morning. 3. All the travellers are getting very impatient because they are being ............................... by the slow-moving security procedures at the airport. 4. You may have to ................................ the microphone for the people sitting at the back of the hall to hear you clearly. 5. Princess Diana worked hard for a world-wide ban on landmines, devices placed under the ground which ................................ when a person or vehicle touches th 6. It is important for children to have positive role models while they.......................... 7. Yesterday morning Dave overslept, but he.................................an elaborate story an excuse to his manager and, surprisingly, he was believed. 8. The celebrities ................................ a charity to provide a telephone answer servi for children in distress. 660

9. Don't forget to ................................ your suit from the dry-cleaner's on your way back from work. 10. You shouldn't choose green for the curtains, because the walls are already green, so the curtains won't ............................... well against them. 11. While driving to the conference, we noticed that we had a flat tire, so we stopped at a filling station and had the tire ................................. 12. My father is planning to buy a small boat so that he can................................ fishing as a hobby when he has retired. THE RIGHT TO COMPLAIN I pick up the mail for my company at the local post office. Our mail is supposed to be available by 8.30 a.m., but many times it hasn't been ready. I complained to the central post office, and one morning our local postmaster was waiting for me. He explained that I had no right to complain, since we had not paid a \"caller\" fee for the privilege of collecting our mail early rather than waiting for it to be delivered. \"Will paying the fee improve our service?\" I asked. \"No,\" he replied. \"It will give you the right to complain.\" (from Reader's Digest) Complete the sentences using the words given below. Use the correct form of the verb. EXERCISE 2: get down bring down break down lay down turn down settle down cut down turn down close down knock down let down slow down 1. More and more small-scale businesses are.......................................... since they cannot compete with the big companies. 2. The reason why he has no confidence in anyone is that he has been ........................................ so many times in his life. 3. There is an old lady standing at the pedestrian crossing over there. Would you please.......................................... to allow some time for her to get across the street? 4. The army controlled the angry crowd as their houses, which had been illegally built too close to a national water supply, were ............................................ 5. Known as a radical character in her early life, she eventually married a wealthy banker and ........................................... 6. Can you ask Jake to..................................the sound on his computer? All those gunfire and explosion sounds will wake the baby. 7. When trying to lose weight, you shouldn't totally exclude carbohydrates from your diet because a diet devoid of such foods is not healthy, but you should, of course, ........................................ on your intake of fatty and sugary foods. 8. The government has recently ......................................... new regulations regarding the sale of drinking water, which must now be delivered in sealed containers. 9. If you could speak English, that company wouldn't have........................... you ................when you applied there for a job. 10. Of all the governments in Turkey so far, none has succeeded in................................. inflation remarkably, though it is not as bad as it used to be. 11. Living and working alone is beginning to ...........................Michelle ................... She will have to make an effort to make new friends. 12. Damon Hill had been leading the GP Formula One race for several lap<= nelore ^- car.......................................... within three laps of the finish line. ELS a 645 661

EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences using the words given below. Use the correct form of the verb. run out set out work out leave out come out go out make out put out wear out break out let out pick out 1. Once we............................... the best way to resolve the situation with the information available, we will write a plan. 2. The fire had spread to the neighbouring house before the fire brigade managed to .....................it .............. 3. I'm absolutely............................... ! All I want to do now is put my feet up and have a cup of tea. 4. Before we............................... , let's just check that we have everything we need for the trip. 5. The news that war had ...............................in the region caused many citizens to flee the area. 6. He was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment, but was ............................... after five years for good behaviour. 7. Your summary is quite good, but you've................................ a couple of points which ought to have been included. 8. Because of the dense fog, I could barely................................ the number of the bus approaching. 9. So many people were shopping in panic during the fuel shortage that basic food items like milk, bread and sugar ................................. at the supermarkets. 10. Mount Spil in Manisa is extremely beautiful when the wild tulips ............................... in spring. 11. It is hard to ............................... the most beautiful girl in a beauty contest because they all look so attractive. 12. When the lights............................... last night, my son had to do his homework by the light of several candles. EXERCISE 4: Complete the sentences using the words given below. Use the correct form of the verb. call off flood in take in come across see off take off put through put away put on pass away try on look down on 1. All his friends were at the station in order to...........................him ....................... as he left to do his military service. 2. I bought these trousers without...........................them ................. first, and, not surprisingly, they don't fit! 3. The avant-garde music we were listening to last night was interesting, but it was also so complicated and difficult that I had trouble...........................it ................... 4. The plane ......................................... twenty minutes late because of an engine problem, so I missed my connection to Paris. 5. Hello! Could you...........................me................. to the sales department, please? 6. If you happen to ............. r........................... any unusual carvings on your travels, can you buy me one? 7. When you've finished with those scissors, can you...........................them .................. please? I don't want the children to find them. 8. I forgot to...........................my watch................. this morning and now I feel really lost without it. 646 Q ELS 662

9. He.......................................... most of his colleagues at work just because he went to private school and they didn't. 10. The hiking trip has been..........................................due to lack of interest. Apparently, only six people were interested in going on it. 11. Since the situation was shown on television, donations to the charity have absolutely............................................ 12. This outstanding creative poet tragically..........................................at the age of twenty-nine, leaving two works unfinished. GENEROUS TIPPER I've always considered myself a generous tipper, but I didn't know to what extent until one day my boss called me into his office. I had just put in my first expenses claim for a business lunch. Looking up from the form, he said, \"The next time you take someone to lunch, tell me in advance. I want to wait on your table.\" (from Reader's Digest) EXERCISE 5î Complete the sentences using the words given below. Use the correct form of the verb. catch up on give away pull over count against hand down set back get through die out put stand up for do away with across tell apart 1. I know this greatcoat is old and a bit worn, but please don't give it away to charity as it was.......................................... to me by my grandfather. 2. The extinction of the dinosaurs is more famous, but a much more massive extinction had occurred long before - about 350 million years ago - when, for unknown reasons, about 90% of the Earth's sea creatures ......................................... 3. My sister must have a very heavy foot when she's driving, because she has ........................................... by the police at least a dozen times for speeding in the last two years alone. 4. The professor has said that the quizzes we've had this semester are for us only, so the scores won't ..........................................us on our final grades. 5. I find it difficult to...........................the music of most classical composers ............... ; it all seems so similar to me. 6. Of course you don't want to lose your job, but if your boss really is treating you so badly, you've got to..........................................yourself; after all, he has no right to treat you like a child. 7. We were hoping to keep the news of our engagement a secret until we could find the right time to announce it to everyone, but when my fiance got drunk one night and started talking, he ..........................everything.............................. ELS U647 663

8. I've been so busy with work lately that I haven't had time to ..................................... all the reading I wanted to do, so I guess I'll just have to wait till my vacation to get it all done. 9. Although the feudal system was gradually ......................................... in most of Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries, it survived in Russia until the year 1861, when the Russian serfs were freed by Czar Alexander II. 10. The complex mathematics behind Einstein's theory of relativity is so difficult that, in order to ......................... the ideas of the theory................. to the normal person, imaginary, science fiction-like stories must be told. 11. The standards at my university were not all that high, so I didn't really have any problems to ........................................... 12. Because of personal problems at home requiring her to take time off work for a few weeks, the professor has ..........................................the due date of the midterm essay to the end of October. EXERCISE 6: Complete the sentences using the words given below. Use the correct form of the verb. touch down think back on wipe out wait on shut off lay off see through put up kick out put forth make for hang over 1. After the meeting, while we were all relaxing at the pub round the corner, everyone ............................................ a few more, unofficial, ideas for the new advertising campaign. 2. Whenever he.......................................... how badly he treated his ex-wife during their marriage, he feels deeply ashamed of himself. 3. We sat down in the restaurant, but for about fifteen minutes, nobody ............................................ us, so we ended up just walking out and getting some fast food instead. 4. Owing to the severe financial difficulties the company is going through at the moment, we are unfortunately going to have to .......................................... about half of our workers. 5. The peaceful Arawak Indians - the first encountered by Columbus in 1492 - ........................................ completely by the Europeans within 100 years. 6. With all my money problems lately, it always feels like something terrible ........................................ me. 7. When I first came to live in Istanbul, I had no money for a hotel, but luckily some friends were kind enough to ..........................me............................for a couple of weeks until I'd found my own apartment. 8. As soon as he realized that his mother had seen the vase he'd broken, the little boy ........................................ the door. 9. She was trying to tell me that she'd had to work late, but I ......................................... her immediately - I knew it was a lie. 10. A drunken man started causing trouble during the speech, so he............................... by the security guards. 11. After having flown through heavy turbulence, all the passengers sighed in relief when the plane.......................................... safely. 12. After her surgery, the woman - who had no family and very few friends - felt very ........................................ from the world while she lay in hospital for weeks. 648 Q ELS 664

EXERCISE 7: Fill In the blanks In the passages below with the correct choice. (1) ....... a major hurricane, trees were (2) ......... In a steady stream of Sunday traffic, a small rain seeped (3) ...... roofs, and for days there sedan stopped (6) .......warning. Screeching was no electricity. Then, above the howling brakes testified to the alertness of a dozen wind, we heard the doorbell. Groping our way drivers who (7)........averted a \"chain to the door, we found our paperboy, who accident\". The driver of the car (8) ....... the comes at regular intervals to collect our used offender jumped out and demanded an papers, smiling (4) ...... us. \"Isn't this a explanation. The offender was obviously taken terrible time to be collecting?\" my mother (9)....... surprise. \"We didn't mean to cause asked. \"Oh, no,\" he replied. \"(5) ...... , it is the any trouble,\" he explained anxiously. \"My wife best time of all, because everyone is at home.\" and I were just (10) ...... our safety belts to see if they will work in an emergency.\" 1. A) In search of 6. B) With regards to C) In touch with A) out of B) from D) D) In the course of C)through without E) On the strength of E) above 2. 7. A) put out A) commonly C) B) nearly B) brought about C) cut across narrowly D) widely D) flooded in E) blown down E) constantly 8. 3. A) B) along A) over B) behind D) across C) across D) above through C) E) around out of E) among 4. 9. A) at C) B) to D) A) with B) from for about C)for D) into E) from E)by 5. 10. A) in addition A) trying out B) on the contrary B) breaking down C) in return C) putting off D) for instance D) taking over E) on the other hand E) wearing out ELS Q 649 665

A flat refusal to get help is absolutely typical In former years inventors worked (16) ....... of most troubled men. They are (11) .......of often secretly. They used their own money telling their troubles to a marriage counsellor, and told no one of their work until it was psychologist, or family doctor. A man will protected by patent. The individual inventive consult a mechanic about his car, or get effort of past years has now largely been (17) advice from a neighbour about his lawn, but ......by organized research. Large when it comes to the things at the absolute corporations employ their own scientists and centre of his existence, like his mental and spend as much as 5-6% of their income (18) emotional health, four times (12) ...... five he ..... research. Many of them (19) ....... general will refuse to seek expert help. As a result, - or fundamental - research, and try to find uncountable millions of men are muddling new scientific facts (20) ...... work on along unhappily in jobs they don't like; living problems that will yield immediate money- in cold, distant marriages; losing contact with making devices. their children - (13) ........ (14) ........ with problems that could often be solved (15) ...... 16. professional assistance. 11. A) by the way B) on their own A) eager B) fond D) C) in advance C) excited envious D) out of order E) by any means E) scared 12. 17. A) over B) through A) lined up C) B) broken in C) out of D) along taken over D) laid down E) above E) put on 13. 18. A) on guard C) out of B) in short A) to C) B) at D) D) at length with on luck E) out of E) at random 14. A) putting up 19. B) turning off C) trying on A) come across B) hand in D) looking after E) showing off C) make up D) go with 15. E) carry out 20. A) B) A) owing to C) B) rather than among C) about other than D) so much from D) with E) around E) just as 650 a ELS 666

EXERCISE 8: Choose the correct answer. 1. Whenever she Invites me to her house, I A) forming part of have to ....... an excuse not to go, which I B) going in for hate doing. I wish she'd just stop inviting C) taking place in me. D) taking care of E) coming up against A) take In C) make up B) run into 9. We hadn't expected him to .......at the E) put out D) call off meeting as we thought he was abroad. 2. The new boss ....... very strict rules as A) get over C) B) put off soon as he took over the position. pass away D) hand in E) turn up 3. A) cut across B) got over D) looked into 10. Everybody knows that the main idea C) joined in E) laid down behind....... the slums in certain areas is to erect new apartment blocks for the We missed two of our wealthy in their places, and then pocket English classes last the profits. week because of the teacher's illness, but A) sorting out B) pulling down D) putting we'll .......them this week. C) calling for up A) go down with B) come up against E) getting into 4. C) make up for D) go in for 11. You should make more of an effort to E) get on with your classmates. You're lagging far behind them. An epidemic ....... in that district last week, presumably because of the unhealthy drinking water there. A) get on with B) catch up with A) broke out C) closed B) went off C) look down on down D) cut across D) come up against 5. E) turned E) cut down on 12. I don't think you'll ever be able to up completely give up smoking, but you You should keep milk in the refrigerator, should at least try to .......... especially on hot days like this, or it will A) make up B) put out D) cut down A) blow up C) do B) go off D) C) set out E) call off without keep out E) break in 13. I was not in a hurry, so I asked the taxi- driver to ....... so that I could admire the 6. She fainted when we broke the news of view. her son's death, and only .......after we'd thrown some water on her face. A) speed up B) switch off C) break down D) cut across A) brought about C) B) called at E) slow down came round D) kept off E) went on 14. Unfortunately, we are too ....... to afford a 7. She hasn't shown her face in public ever holiday this year. since her son was ....... by a bus and A) well off B) let down D) locked in killed. C) cut off E) hard up 8. A) run over C) B) passed away D) 15. Do you remember Greg, whom we met in come round knocked out London? Well, I saw him yesterday and E) fallen down he .......you. I was stunned to hear that she was ....... A) ran into B) thought over the beauty contest, since she's really not C) asked after D) looked for remarkably attractive. E) came across ELS Q 651 667

16. Peter: Do you....... tidying the house A) getting on B) running across today? Maureen: No, not C) breaking down D) turning off E) knocking over really! I'm a bit tired. A) get away with B) go in for 25. The vice president had made many good C) keep up with D) feel up to judgements in the past, but this time his E) fall in with good sense....... him .......... 17. When she didn't.......her plan, no one A) tore...up B) put...across D) saw...off was surprised, because she'd very often C) picked...up E) let...down failed to complete things before. A) go through with B) get back at 26. IVe always enjoyed reading this author, C) give on to D) run up against ever since I....... one of his books in a E) face up to second-hand bookshop in London. 18. Why don't you....... your own work A) turned over C) put B) came across Instead of Interrupting me all the time? up D) took up A) get on with B) come in for E) took off C) brush up on D) look up to 27. The moment Betty ...... the candles on E) go through with her birthday cake in one big breath, the others started singing \"Happy Birthday\". 19. My jeans must have shrunk quite a bit In the wash. I Just can't believe that I've...... this much welghtl A) taken off C) got over B) tried on A) took in B) brought up D) blew out E) put on D) made up C) went over E) burnt down 20. I don't think you should.......the park at 28. Previously, I had always....... this author night. It may be quicker, but it Isn't very with disdain, but after I'd actually read safe. and enjoyed one of his books, I began to reconsider my opinion. A) drop off C) pick up B) get into E) cut D)run out A) put away B) come across across C) caught up with D) looked down on E) taken after 21. Once pilots are in the air, they may encounter weather conditions which 29. I really don't think you should go off on quite unexpectedly. holiday until you've got some of these problems ......... A) get down C) look B) carry out after D) come on A) tried on C) broken B) checked in into D) laid down E) go off E) sorted 22. Since he'd used a pen instead of a pencil, out Felix couldn't .......the wrong answer that he'd written down. 30. Jack couldn't wait for his friends to come by his house because he was eager to A) cross over C) fill in B) rub out ..... his new bicycle. E) get into D) cover up 23. It Is Important for people who lead an A) go with B) get out of D) put on inactive life to ...... a sport like swimming C) show off E) take in or jogging. 31. The Birmingham police ...... the road to A) break down C) call B) take up the square until they had dispersed the off D) put out anti-war protesters. E) turn into 24. The owner of the warehouse claimed that A) turned over C) took B) blew up the fire was an accident caused by his up D) broke out dog.......a gas lamp. E) blocked off 652 Q ELS 668

32. We always ....... some of the profit from 39. After ....... to my hotel, I was picked up by our shop, as we are hoping to expand a driver from the company and taken to sometime In the future. meet the chief executive. A) look B) throw away D) cut across /V luuivmg IULU A) looking into D) B) setting out C) breaking into \"** g into after C) get E) put aside carrying out 33. The local health service ........tough E) checking in resistance from local residents, who didn't 40. This guide to vegetable growing explains want a drug rehabilitation hospital In how to care for plants and what plant diseases to .......for in your garden. their town. A) went down with A) look out C) put B) let out B) caught up with through D) close down C) made up for E) get up D) came up against E) looked forward to 41. As soon as you ....... at the airport In Hong Kong, you realize that you are 34. We're all........ our annual holiday, which somewhere unique in the world. we'll be spending in Cyprus this year. A) watch out C) pour B) touch down into D) come up A) running out of B) looking forward to E) turn out C) going in for D) putting up with 42. A hug from my son or daughter always ......me ........ , no matter how unhappy I E) making up for feel. 35. I didn't want to do the health and safety A) holds...on C) B) gives...off training, but unfortunately, I couldn't cheers...up D) floods...in find a way to ....... it. E) A) cut down on B) come up against turns...out C) catch up with D) get out of 43. Because we live in a busy town, we have decided to .......from the noise and traffic E) go down with by driving to a restful mountain resort for the weekend. 36. You'll never guess who I ....... yesterday as A) get back C) put B) do over I was waiting in line to get the concert through D) get away tickets. E) think A) bumped into C) B) joined in over called at D) took off E) counted 44. The receptionist recognized the actress on when she was.......other hotel and asked her for her autograph. 37. The student group was ........ anti-war leaflets In most of the busier areas of the A) checking out C) B) setting out city. pointing out D) carrying out A) finding out B) setting out D) carrying E) finding C) handing out out out E) coming out 45. You wouldn't think that Dave and Steve are twins since they do not........each 38. Once the uprising had been ....... , no other at all. mercy was shown to the rebels: hundreds A) go with C) pass away B) take after were shot without trial. E) put aside D) look after 46. When Dad suddenly collapsed, we........ the doctor without delay, and he came immediately and told us that Dad was having a heart attack. A) looked up C) B) taken in A) checked in B) pulled up stood out D) given off C) sent for D) came across E) put down E) called off ELS G 653 669

47. Sandra is so dependable: IVe never seen 54. I told my manager that I would........his her ....... her Mends whenever they need suggestion and tell him my decision the help. next day. A) put up C) let down B) pick out A) carry on C) think B) turn down E) pass over D) turn off over D) go in for 48. Everybody believes that E) call off it will be a 55. Hay fever is more common among young miracle if she ever ....... the depression people than old, and what is more, most she went into after her husband's death. people ....... of it by middle age. A) turns down C) B) takes in A) find out C) grow out B) set out comes across E) cross out D) pick out E) sets off D) gets over 49. 56. At the age of 28, Samantha suddenly ............................................... The school principal is planning to ....... £ new student organization to help Bell's palsy, a disease that causes students deal with the near-epidemic of temporary paralysis of the face. suicides that have broken out in the school this year. A) made up for B) ran out of A) set up B) make out D) send for C) got on with C) stand by E) look after D) went down with E) looked down on 50. After the news 57. I knew Simon would ........: he never anchorperson had made a terribly misses a meeting as long as free lunch is offensive racial remark on the involved. evening news, protest calls ........ and the channel had to broadcast an apology. A) poured down B) ran out A) grow up B) bring up D) pick up C) left out D) went through C) show up E) take up E) flooded in 58. I can't ......how to put this computer 51. I can't believe that you buy all your clothes, and even your shoes, without desk together, even though I've read the even ....... them ......... first. How on earth instructions twice. do you know theyll fit you? A) run out C) bring out B) pick out A) wearing...out B) letting...in E) let out D) work out C) seeing...off D) trying...on E) putting...down 59. An abundance of water hyacinths growing in the area flooded by the Aswan Dam in 52. More and more people are becoming Egypt occasionally.......some of the pacifists as governments continue ....... irrigation canals, thus not allowing the the threat of violence to enforce their water to flow properly. laws. A) counting on C) B) bringing up A) sets up C) blocks up B) brings up blowing up D) keeping out E) holds up D) takes up E) putting 60. I ...... my sister's two on children when she 53. I couldn't ....... why you took that route went to New York for two weeks' it is much longer than the other, and management training. much less safe! A) take off C) B) figure out A) threw away B) came across turn round D) come round C) looked after D) passed away E) let out E) took after 654 Q ELS 670

EXERCISE 9: Choose the correct answer. 1. In the executive summary, I think we can 7. Hard as it may be to believe, since 1996 a..s...I..d. otnh'etstehcintikonthoencboamcmkgitrtoeuenwdilrlebseeavrecrhy, thirty-one people have died by watering their Christmas tree while the tree lights Interested In that. wA)erteur.n...e.d...o..n....... A) run out B) catch up C) take B) taken up C) taken in D) set off E) looked up up D) leave out E) go along 8. If I were you, I would do whatever I could Carrying a bomb with him onto a bus, 2. the terrorist ........ himself ..... and killed In order not to let this chance .................. You dozens of other people In the process. may never have this opportunity again. A) turn round B) blow up C) cross A) blew. ..up B) took... up C) out D) see off E) go by brought. ..up D) turned. ..up E) made... up 9. He couldn't ........ his mind which 3. The manager has made some amendments to the official notes of the meeting. In fact, she has ........ the entire university he should choose, so he sought the advice of the school counsellor. A) find out B) get off C) lay down D) put on E) make up section covering the discussion on holidays. 10. Fortunately, after struggling with the A) got off B) brought in C) waves for a while, we managed to shelter in a called on D) crossed out E) put bay, where we waited until the wind up 4. I bought a few kilos of oranges off a stall in the market, but the next day they were all so rotten that I had to ........ most of A) took on B) died down C) pulled up D) got in E) broke into them .......... 11. The abbreviation WHO the World A) get... in B) settle... down C) make... up D) do... over E) 5. throw... away Health Organization, which is part of the United Nations. The experienced executive was hired by A) cuts down B) makes out C) the company to ......... the possibilities of stands for D) looks up E) shows off 12. \" ........ for just one moment, please. Ill various different export markets and recommend suitable countries to target. A) put off B) hold on C) connect you to the sales manager about your problem,\" said the telephone operator. 6. stand out D) look into E) look A) Watch out B) Keep off C) Hold up Then our decision is this: we'll take a on D) Look up E) Let down 13. Don't come and pick us up at the hotel boat trip on Saturday unless someone too early unless you want to wait a while ........ a better idea in the meantime. A) makes room for B) takes no notice of as we are ................. A) coming across B) checking out C) C) takes pride in D) comes up with E) going off D) taking off E) pouring keeps an eye on down ELS Q 655 671

14. The liver is likely to suffer serious 21. The real estate agent was lying through damage if It Is forced to ...... the toxic his teeth about the terms of the contract, effects of large amounts of alcohol. but I was able to....... him without any trouble at all. A) look for C) pour B) bring up down D) cope with A) break into C) put B) see through down E) D) go off E) blow run into out 22. Since the new 15. In 1974, ten years after he first won the owners .................................... the company, title, the legendary boxer Muhammad All profits have risen and wages have been regained it by.......George Foreman. increased. A) bringing down B) knocking out A) passed away B) took over C) flooded in D) put away C) blowing up D) putting off E) turned down E) counting on 16. The military zone was surrounded with 23. You know how important this interview razor wire, and every fifty metres along is, so.......that stupid T-shirt and ........a the wire was a sign warning people to proper shirt and a tie! A) set up B) come across D) bring about A) put of/get on C) keep out E) look after B) tak e away /p u t u p C) take off/put on 17. I left home early but ended up late for D) get off/take on work anyway, as I was ...... in the heavy E) put away /throw up rush hour traffic. 24. This ointment is meant to ........ A) put through C) B) broken down mosquitoes, but I guess It doesn't work flooded in D) thrown away very well, because I put quite a bit on last night and still got bitten pretty badly. E) held up A) make up C) wipe out B) do over E) keep off D) run into 18. In the past, those who.......bypass surgery used to be hospitalized for much 25. IVe .......this word in my dictionary three longer periods. times, but I still can't remember what It A) cut down B) laid down D) made up means. C) took up E) went through A) made for B) turned on D) sorted C) looked up out 19. As soon as we got to the spot, three of us started to ...... the tent while the rest E) glimpsed at went to gather sticks and twigs for the fire. 26. No matter how hard we try, we can never ......our boss's unreasonably high A) set B) lay down D) carry on expectations. out C) E) bring down put up A) get into B) live up to C) get along with D) leave out of 20. He was always ready to.......his friends financially, and he even spent most of his E) take after money to that end, yet when he himself lost his Job, absolutely nobody showed up 27. Can you please ...... all the bad apples to help him out. ......of the basket so they don't spoil the good ones? A) hand B) back up D) go in for in C) get E) come up A) hold...up B) put...off on C) take...over D) pick...out E) bring...about 656 Q ELS 672

28. The guide ........the sights to us as we 35. After hours spent trying to persuade him, drove through town. I finally got the boss to ........to my way of thinking. A) left for B) came across A) look out C) come B) call in C) pointed out D) stood up round D) run out E) looked after E) throw 29. Earthquake-resistant buildings have a away very strong framework that Is just flexible enough to bend as the earthquake shakes 36. A friend of mine ....... school when he was the building, thus preventing the building fourteen but has nevertheless made a from.......... very successful career for himself as a translator in Spanish. A) setting up B) laying down D) leaving A) caught up with C) taking off out B) took charge of C) made up of E) breaking apart D) dropped out of E) looked down on 30. The boss was really angry when he discovered that Anthony had ....... the day 37. My father said he would meet me for ......to watch the football match on TV. lunch, but, for some reason, he didn't ...... for our date. A) come...round C) B) passed...out taken...off D) worked...out A) pick up B) leave out D) turn up C) get down E) join in E) next put...away 38. There is yet another new book 31. Since It's such a difficult decision, why month that will expose all the don't I .......it and tell you tomorrow? embarrassing secrets of the British royal family. A) sleep on B) put up with D) take over C) look for E) get up . A) bringing up B) dropping off 32. How did you manage to ....... the number C) coming out D) breaking in of the bus from such a distance? Either E) laying down you have excellent eyesight, or mine is very poor! 39. We ....... of the negotiations because the other side was refusing to make even the A) stand for B) get on slightest compromise. C) make out D) go through A) laid B) turned up D) pulled out E) take in down C) put E) took off on 33. Instead of chatting here, why don't you go to your desk and ....... work? The boss 40. When Alex got fired, the wants that report ready before noon, you boss told him to know. .....his desk and leave within two hours. A) make sense of B) get down to A) put off B) shut down D) come round C) make room lor D) grow out of C) clear out E) break into E) put up with 41. We have recentiy ...... some serious problems which may well ruin all the so plans we made so carefully. 34. The left front tire of your car Is A) looked forward to you should get a new one put.. B) looked up to C) come up against A) broken down...up D) run o u t o f B) worn out...on E) made up for C) broken in...off D) turned off...in E) blown up...down ELS a 657 673

42. George's new haircut looked so funny 49. Could you please wait a moment while I that we couldn't help but.......laughter ......your call ....... to the managing the second we saw him. director? A) put B) try out D) take after A) B) join...in D) turn...down down C) E) break into get...back C) E) put...through put on do...over few 43. We need to first ...... a 50. The fantastic skiing we had during the misunderstandings If our negotiations are even going to begin to be successful. final three days of our trip........ ou r disappointment earlier In the week, when there had been no snow at all. A) put down C) look B) go with A) looked down on out D) run into B) made up for C) got on with E) clear up D) went down with 44. Fortunately, the person who found my E) ran out of wallet was honest enough to....... it....... at the police station Intact 51. For many years the Eiffel Tower was In the hands of a public firm, but In 1981 A) hand...in C) B) hold...up the government of the city of Paris ...... D) sort...out its management. get...down E) put...off A) took over B) put away C) settled down D) flooded in 45. Although I was completely exhausted, I E) crossed out ..... a brave face because I didn't want anyone to notice my weakness. 52. Can you .......my proposals for the new A) put on B) came across D) went about advertising campaign before I place the C) wore out E) lived on order for them to be printed? 46. Whatever the promises of the salesmen, A) go through C) point B) try on D) every used car IVe ever bought has....... out take over after about a month. E) look after A) pulled up B) turned up 53. I don't think the students had quite ...... C) passed away D) broken down the rules of the third conditional, as they E) knocked out were all looking blankly at me by the time I'd finished my explanation. 47. My roommate Is very messy. She never A) seen off C) found out B) let down ..... after herself, which drives me crazy. E) checked D) taken in A) goes away C) stands B) does over in out D) takes in E) picks up 54. The tickets for the concert'll probably....... very quickly, so we'd better get to the box 48. Aren't you :..... watching football every office early. day? Why can't we watch a film or a A) get away C) sell out B) run into documentary for a change? E) turn off D) clear up A) looked down on 55. During Ramadan In Istanbul, the B) fed up with illuminated minarets of the mosques C) taken over against the night sky. D) counted upon E) made up for A) stand out C) point B) look out out D) leave out E) come out 658 Q ELS 674

56. I used the university's computer program A) run...out B) turn...off D) give...up to....... the titles of all the previous C) cut...into E) get...down research done In this area of psychology. A) close down C) make B) hold on 59. The police officer asked for D) look up Joe If he could E) carry out ..... the thief ........ of a line-up of ten men 57. Orphaned at an early age, Marco was roughly similar in appearance. ..... by his grandfather on a small farm A) set...up B) look...after D) put...down not far from the city of Venice. C) pick...out E) see...off A) put off B) handed out D) brought up 60. It took us a while to get Into town C) taken in E) turned down because we were....... by the city's annual gay pride parade. 58. He really needs to take a A) turned on C) held up B) blown off break. Having to E) handed D) set out work seven days a week Is beginning to in ...... him .......... A ROOSTER PROUD OF HIMSELF Two preachers were invited to dinner at the home of a farmer. The 'farmer's wife cooked a couple of chickens, and the ministers dined heartily. Later the farmer showed his visitors around. In the barnyard, the rooster began to crow. \"Seems mighty proud of himself!\" commented one of the preachers. \"No wonder,\" said the farmer. \"He's got two sons in the ministry!\" (From Reader's Digest) ARTISTS IN THE SEWER S Trying to teach our three-year-old son, Perry, that his sewer-dwelling cartoon heroes - Teenage. Mutant Ninja Turtles - had predecessors, I hauled out an art book and showed him an illustration of Leonardo da Vinci's \"Last Supper\". Then I turned to the \"Mono Lisa\" and to pictures by other turtle namesakes - Raphael, Donatella and Michelangelo. \"Do you know,\" I summed up, \"the real Raphael, Donatella, Michelangelo and Leonardo were artists who lived a long time ago?\" With a puzzled look, Perry said, \"/And then they moved to the sewer?\" (from Reader's Digest) ELS Q 659 675

TEST YOURSEThLe Fma1na2ger has told me not to ...... any calls while he is speaking with his guests. 7. 1. Why don't you stay here a bit longer? It's A) pass away C) put B) cut across absolutely ...... and you'll get soaked through D) do over walking home. E) hold on A) pouring down B) flooding in 8. C) standing out D) getting over It didn't take long for the other horses to ...... the leader. E) dropping off A) run out of B) grow out of 2. Because all of the chemicals we use are C) look down on D) go down with non-explosive, we are certain that this E) catch up with experiment can be ...... in complete safety. 9. It's very romantic to think that you can ...... love, but unfortunately, the reality is that everyone needs money to survive. A) put down B) blown up D) turned A) try on B) look into C) carried out down C) lay down D) live on E) turn off E) broken into 3. In the interests of safety, all visitors were 10. The more money we ...... now, the more requested to ...... their cigarettes before we'll have to spend in summer. entering the exhibition. A) break in B) put out D) turn down A) look after B) put aside C) pull up E) set off C) come across D) work out E) get away 4. The plane roared along the runway and 11. Having both a full-time career and a ..... into the glorious blue sky. house to run really ...... me ....... B) put out A) drops... off B) brings... up D) picked up C) wears . . . out D) closes ... down A) came down C) E) puts... on touched in E) took off 12. It's hard to tell how much of what he told 5. us was true and how much was ....... Edward bought a really expensive Christmas present for his wife to ...... the A) shown off C) laid B) worn out fact that he'd forgotten her birthday. down D) made up E) called off A) get on with 13. I haven't seen Alison and David together B) look forward to since we all went out to the movies two C) get out of months ago. Do you think that they could have ...... ? D) make up for A) split up B) cut across D) come off E) grow out of C) run out E) fallen off 6. We were relieved to see that the fire 14. After living a quite unconventional life brigade ...... so quickly after we'd phoned throughout her twenties, Maureen them. pleasantly surprised her parents when she decided to ...... and have a traditional family. A) turned up B) called off A) bring B) settle down E) broke down up C) drop D) carry on off E) set out C) put out D) held on 66Oa ELS 676

15. It's not unusual to .......fossils here 23. She .......her mother In appearance, but because this area was once home to not at all In personality. many dinosaurs and other prehistoric creatures. A) shows off C) takes B) grows up after D) brings up A) run out of C) put out B) do over E) come D) take after E) looks across after 16. You didn't have to ...... his mistakes quite so tactlessly, did you? 24. Everybody was shocked when Mary and Roger....... as they always appeared to be A) hand in B) try on a happuy married couple. C) check in D) put through A) got down B) divided into D) broke up C) cut across E) turned off E) point out 25. The police officer's 17. Those bookshelves.......far too much effort to..............................................his space In this room. Can't we move them mistake was discovered by a reporter and somewhere else? turned Into a national scandal. A) put away C) make B) get out of A) put away C) get out B) cover up up for D) take up E) pull D) turn off E) do over 18. I don't think 111 ever .......the shock of down finding a. burglar In the house when I got home. 26. I always get depressed by the long winters here, but as soon as the first A) get over C) come B) break in flowers of spring ........my mood makes a round D) let down big change for the better. A) hold on B) come out D) take over E) cut C) go with E) break in across 19. Certain Ingredients In salad dressings, such as lemon juice and vinegar, do not ......well........ wine. A) break...down B) go...with 27. We all wanted to go home, but the C) show...off D) lay...down director Insisted that we .......practising E) make. .up the scene until It was perfect. 20. Oh look! Someone's .......that flower pot A) carry on C) break B) show up and there's dirt everywhere. down D) take off E) take over A) seen off B) looked after C) put through D) knocked over 28. We....... gas In the middle of nowhere and E) broken into had to walk for miles to find some. 21. During the expedition, they....... more A) ran out of difficulties than they had anticipated. B) looked down on C) came across with A) looked down on B) ran out of D) went down with C) kept up with D) made up for E) kept up with E) came up against 22. We were not really taken by surprise 29. Heidi was very surprised to ....... that her when the boss's wife.........as she had father wasn't actually Swiss, but been very 111 for a long time. Albanian. A) got over B) passed away A) get B) live on C) went off D) wiped out down C) D) find out E) put aside show off E) look into ELS Q 661 677

30. Both of her parents were actors, so she 37. If Delia ever wants to get out of debt, was virtually.......on the stage. she'll have to.......a lot of luxuries, like eating dinner In restaurants every night A) asked out B) grown up and taking taxis Instead of buses home C) brought up D) put out from work. E) looked over A) grow out of B) cut down on D) look C) put up with into 31. If you want to slim up a bit, you'll have to E) put aside ..... your calorie Intake. A) check B) live on 38. The terrorists tried to ...... the embassy in C) go D) cut down on but were stopped when one of them was with E) get over caught climbing the fence Into the embassy's garden. 32. The basic rights of all children are...... In the United Nations' Declaration of the A) break down B) blow up Rights of the Child. C) wear out D) turn off A) laid down B) counted on E) carry on C) looked after D) taken off E) brought out 39. It was not the look but the smell of the 33. The region known as Latin America is dish that.......me........ , so I just ate the ..... South America, Mexico, Central salad and a little cheese. America and parts of the West Indies. A) held...out B) gave...in A) looked down on C) turned...down D) took...up B) run out of C) dropped out of E) put...off D) caught up with E) made up of 40. The publishers ...... Julian's book on the grounds that it lacked excitement. 34. When walking In the Jungle, you should A) brought out B) crossed out ......for snakes and spiders because they C) made up D) counted on are often difficult to see. E) turned down A) take up C) look out B) try on 41. I'm sure that, with those funny clothes, E) see off D) get into you'll certainly.......among all the people at the party! 35. With the growth of Industry and its demand for coal and other minerals, A) stand out B) come round D) count on natural systems began to break down C) see off E) put through because they could not.......the stresses induced by human activities. A) look down on 42. These apricots ought to be ...... as they've B) run o u t o f started to go bad. C) come up against D) put up with A) broken down B) thrown away E) grow out of C) moved in D) shown off 36. I was really surprised when I ........ my E) turned around elementary school teacher on the street in 43. When their supply of food........ the Dubrovnlk - we were 6,000 miles and 25 explorers had to be satisfied with what years away from the last time we saw they could find In the forest. each other! A) ran into C) B) came round A) flooded in C) broke B) got off down D) ran out E) looked out E) turned threw away D) called off up 662 Q ELS 678

44. At first, there didn't seem to be many 51. Peter and Kate need to .......all of their people around the stadium, but after the problems if they expect their marriage to gates had been opened, they quickly last began to......... A) look up B) sort out D) set down A) flood in B) bump into D) join in C) put off E) break in C) look out E) run away She sheltered from the rain in a cafe............... 45. When Sam lost his key, 52. her hat and coat, and sat down at a table he was forced to by the window. ......his own house through the kitchen window. A) left over C) turned on B) put out E) took off D) made up A) bring down C) break B) join in D) 53. After having been In a coma for three into pull down months, my grandmother briefly.......to say good-bye just before she died. E) take up 46. Mike didn't realty want to go out with his A) counted on B) checked in D) came co-workers, and he managed to........ it by C) saw off round saying that his parents were coming over for dinner. E) passed out A) come down with 54. It was such a long hike that I had ....... a B) come up with pair of boots before it was finished. C) get out of D) make up for A) gone over B) put on E) keep up with C) lived on D) come across E) worn out 47. After fifteen years In prison, Charles was 55. The dress was much too big for me, so finally....... when he had finished serving the tailor had to ...... it ....... quite a bit to his sentence. make it fit. A) handed in C) B) passed away A) break...into B) put...away taken off D) taken in C) take...in D) cross...out E) let out E) pick...up 48. Apparently, almost all adolescents ... 56. Özgür speaks English fluently, but with a phase during which they experience strong Glaswegian accent which he....... conflicts with their parents. from his Scottish teacher. A) take over C) B) run out of A) picked up B) brought out go through D) put forward C) took after D) came across E) ran into E) put on 49. Those who don't....... you in times of 57. To avoid serious crashes like the one in trouble cannot be counted as real friends. 1987, the New York Stock Exchange automatically .......whenever stock prices A) stand by B) take in drop by more than a certain percent. C) break into D) turn up A) picks out C) carries B) closes down E) show off on D) takes off E) turns up 50. After being close friends for years, they 58. Seeing that there was no point In suddenly .......over some small resisting any longer, she.......to the disagreement and never spoke to each wishes of her parents and agreed to other again. marry the old man. A) looked around B) fell out A) went against B) got over C) gave up E) took off D) turned down C) found out D) took after E) gave in ELS Q 663 679

59. Now that your son has returned, you 66. The rebellion seemed a serious one, but it should ring the police and tell them to was.......by the army in a relatively short ..... the search for him. time. A} turn down C) keep B) set out A) held on C) B) put down D) up D) call off E) flooded in E) start over 67. Knowing that he was too busy, I didn't 60. The boss was so angry that everybody want to.......too much of his time. tried to ...... his way that day in order not to be reprimanded. taken after done over A) keep out of B) put through A) hold up C) B) keep out D) C) do with D) come across E) get in take up E) catch up with 68. I can't possibly ......all this work today 61. My mother doesn't mind if some guests unless I get some assistance. ..... unexpectedly because she always has something set aside to offer them. get down B) get through A) keep on C) D) use up run away A) show off B) take away D) come across C) turn up E) run out 69. Ten years ago, there was a row of lovely one-floor cottages in our street, but now 62. they've.......ugly tall concrete buildings in their place. They'd meant to get married in June but E) break in decided to.......it ........until September, B) set in when the weather would be a bit cooler, and their relatives would all be back from E) stood up the summer holidays. A) get...into C) B) do...over 70. He had had to.......so much stress lately set...aside D) put...off that, in the end, he just collapsed right in the middle of a meeting. E) try...on 63. I'm going to ...... the kettle........ for a A) put up C) D) pulled down coffee. Would you like one? cut across A) turn...out C) B) make...up A) go in for C) B) come across D) look take part in down on take...over D) get...down E) put up with E) put...on 64. The huge ocean liner Titanic was ...... 71. Now that you haven't kept your promise America when she struck an iceberg and several times, we can no longer .......you. sank. A) making for C) B) showing up A) take after C) count B) hand in breaking in D) putting off on D) turn up E) call off E) getting over 72. What annoys me most about him is how he thinks he can easily ...... everybody 65. Because of the carelessness of just a few ..... with his lies. people who had dropped matches and cigarettes, the whole forest ......... A) burnt down B) put out A) take...in C) B) put...off C) flooded in D) blew up turn...down D) put...on E) cut down E) cross...out 664 Q ELS 680

73. With the decline in personal spending 80. Children ....... their clothes so quickly that power, many new newspapers have ....... it's really not very wise to buy them recently, while the more established ones expensive outfits. are suffering a drop in their circulations. A) put up with B) grow out of D) cut down A) called off B) closed down D) joined In C) get out of on C) tried on E) come out E) run out of 74. The profession of shoe-repairing is slowly 81-90, sortjJarda, ^^^^^^^^^^ ..... because hardly any people have their anlamca en yakın olan seçeneği bulunuz. shoes mended these days. 81. The present situation in the country calls for a change in government policy. A) making up C) doing B) taking off A) The government is adapting its over D) dying out approach to suit the national demand. E) falling B) Many people phone members of the down government regarding the country's 75. It took the firemen more than two hours present situation. to.......the fire ........because it had spread C) Government policy has changed as a to the adjoining houses. result of the massive demonstrations throughout the country. A) check...in C) B) hold...on D) There is a new government law which bring...down D) take...off is likely to be met with discontent by the nation. E) put...out E) The government's approach needs to be altered because of the country's 76. The bomb....... with a tremendous noise current circumstances. and caused lots of damage to the nearby 82. Seeing that the bad weather had set in, buildings. we decided to find somewhere to spend the night. A) broke B) went off D) brought up A) Bad weather was approaching, so we down C) E) flooded in started to look for a place to stay. B) The bad weather prevented us from 77. The World Health Organization was ...... driving any further. in Geneva in 1948 as the health agency C) We chose to find a place for the night of the United Nations. once the bad weather had really A) put B) taken off D) run into begun. out C) set E) made with D) Because the climate was so severe, we were worried about what we'd do at 78. I think it's just the monotony of her job night. that's ....... Jessie .........; otherwise, she has E) Fortunately, we'd found a place to no major problems in her personal life. stay before the weather got worse. 83. His turning down the offer from the A) getting...down B) looking...up computer company surprised us all. C) taking...off D) making...out A) None of us had expected him to reject E) putting...in the job offered by the computer firm. B) We were amazed when the computer 79. You really needn't bother driving down firm rejected his offer. this narrow little street. Just ....... me ........ C) No one anticipated that he wouldn't here at the corner and I can walk the rest get an offer from the computer of the way. company. A) B) put...away D) get...out of D) We were stunned that the computer bring...out C) E) drop...off firm didn't make him an offer. E) When he was turned down by the computer company, we were all shocked. ELS Q 665 681

84. Had the heating been turned down A) Parents have to be prepared to give up sooner, the office wouldn't be so some things for their children while Incredibly hot now. bringing them up. A) As soon as the heating was switched off, the office became far too cold for B) Bringing up children is not always a comfort. painless experience for parents. B) Because it was surprisingly hot, the heating was quickly turned down in C) If they are bringing up children, the office. parents shouldn't be surprised at how C) As the temperature of the heating much their lives change. system wasn't lowered in time, the office is now extremely hot. D) Children expect their parents to make D) We only began to feel warm in the an awful lot of sacrifices for them. office after the new heating system was installed. E) Raising a child is probably the most E) It was difficult to believe that the self-sacrificing thing a person can do. office could be so warm without any central heating. 88. No sooner had he recovered from the effects of the car accident than he had a 85. Out of sheer mlschlevousness, the child heart attack. left the water running and flooded the whole house. A) He had a heart attack just at the time of the accident, which made the A) The naughty child forgot to turn off situation much worse. the tap, with the result that the entire house was flooded. B) Soon after the car accident, he had a heart attack, making it more difficult B) It was purely due to the child's for him to recover from its effects. naughtiness that he caused the flooding of the entire house by not C) He had an accident because of the turning off the tap. heart attack that struck him while he was driving. C) The naughty child played for so long in the running water that the whole D) He'd hardly got over the effects of the house ended up being flooded. car accident when he was struck by a heart attack. D) It was the child's naughtiness that made him turn on all the taps in the E) He would have recovered from the house to see if the water would flood effects of the accident sooner if he it. hadn't had a heart attack in the meantime. E) The child, just in order to do something naughty, left all the taps in 89. Lawyers often win cases by playing upon the house turned on and went out. the emotions of the Jury, which is the disadvantage of the jury system. 86. If you happen to run into Mona, tell her to give me a ring. A) The jury system is sometimes disadvantageous because, if a lawyer A) If you are meeting Mona today, ask gets emotional enough in front of a her to get in touch with me. jury, he may win the case. B) Could you tell Mona, if you see her, B) The jury system has the drawback that I want my ring back? that frequently, a lawyer's appeal to the jury's feelings is what wins the C) If you see Mona while you're out case. running, tell her I want to talk to her. C) In countries where the jury system D) Can you ask Mona to call me if by any exists, a lawyer has to appeal to the chance you see her? emotions of the jury in order to win the case. E) Whatever happens today, please don't forget to tell Mona to call me. D) Lawyers' using emotions rather than facts to win cases is regarded as one 87. Parents can't expect to raise their of the biggest drawbacks of the jury children without making any sacrifices system. for them. E) In a jury system, whether a lawyer will win the case or not is up to how successful he is in convincing people. 666 Q ELS 682

90. An excessive consumption of sweets leads 93. The largest living group of reptiles, lizards to obesity unless the energy obtained is are made up of more than 3,000 species. used up. A) Üç binin üzerinde türü olan A) Be sure to do some exercise to burn kertenkeleler, yaşayan en büyük off the excess energy you'll get from sürüngenler grubudur. eating sweets. B) Üç binden fazla kertenkele türü, var B) People get fat as a result of eating far olan sürüngenler içinde en uzun too many sweets and doing nothing yaşayanlar grubunu oluşturmaktadır. energetic at all. C) Kertenkelelerin, sayılan üç binin C) If a person eats too many sweets but üzerinde olan en büyük türü, yaşayan doesn't burn the energy thus given, en geniş sürüngenler grubudur. he'll become obese. D) En geniş sürüngenler grubunu D) Obesity comes about because far too oluşturan kertenkelelerin, üç binden much sugar is consumed to be able to fazla türü vardır. use the extra energy. E) Yaşayan en geniş sürüngenler grubu E) The energy obtained from consuming olan kertenkeleler, üç binden fazla sweet things is difficult for overweight türden oluşmaktadır. people to use up. 94. Dentists want to be sure that there are 91-100, sorularda verÜesaJbgiîizce no other solutions before they decide to cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe pull out a tooth. cümleyi fcuhmttz. A) Dişçiler bir dişi çekmeye karar 91. Radical changes should be made so that vermeden önce bunun tek çözüm olup our educational system can keep pace olmadığından emin olmaya çalışırlar. with our era. B) Dişçiler bir dişi çekmeye karar A) Eğitim sistemimizin çağa ayak vermeden önce başka hiçbir çözüm kalmadığından emin olmak isterler. uydurabilmesi için köklü değişiklikler C) Eğer başka çözümler bulabiliyorlarsa, yapılmalıdır. dişçiler bir dişi çekmeyi mümkün B) Eğitim sistemimizin çağı olduğu kadar ertelemeye çalışırlar. yakalayabilmesi ancak esaslı D) Genellikle dişçiler, ancak başka hiçbir değişikliklerle mümkün olabilir. çözüm kalmadığına inandıkları zaman C) Köklü değişiklikler yapılmadan eğitim bir dişi çekmeye karar verirler. sistemimizin çağa ayak uydurabilmesi E) Bir dişi çekmeye karar vermeden önce neredeyse imkansızdır. dişçilerin, başka hiçbir çözüm D) Ancak eğitim sistemimizde köklü kalmadığından emin olmaları gerekir. değişiklikler yaparak çağı yakalayabiliriz. 95. More than half of the illegal buildings in E) Eğitim sistemimizde esaslı the area are reported to have been pulled değişiklikler yapılması çağı yakalamak down in the last two months. açısından gereklidir. A) Raporda, bölgedeki kaçak yapıların 92. Photographers sometimes use filters to yandan fazlasının son iki ayda distinguish colours or to make a certain yıkıldığı bildirilmiştir. colour stand out. B) Bölgedeki kaçak yapılann en az A) Çeşitli filtreler kullanarak fotoğrafçılar yansının son iki ayda yapıldığı renklerin ayrımını yaparlar ya da bir bildirilmektedir. rengi ön plana çıkarırlar. C) Rapora göre, bölgedeki kaçak B) Bazı durumlarda fotoğrafçılar filtre yapıların yandan fazlası son iki ay kullanarak, bir rengin diğer içinde yapılmıştır. renklerden ayırt edilmesini sağlarlar. D) Son iki ayda bölgedeki kaçak yapıların C) Fotoğrafçılar bazen, renklerin ayrımını yandan fazlasının yıkıldığı yapmak ya da bir rengin dikkat bildirilmektedir. çekmesini sağlamak için filtre E) Raporda, bölgedeki kaçak yapılann en kullanırlar. az yarısının iki ay içinde yıkılacağı D) Renklerin ayırt edilmesinde bazen belirtümiştir. filtre kullanan fotoğrafçılar bu şekilde ELS Q 667 bir rengi belirginleştirirler. E) Bazı renkleri belirginleştirmek ya da bir renge dikkati çekmek için fotoğrafçılar filtre kullanırlar. 683

96. He was so absorbed In his job that he D) Hindistan'ın bitki örtüsündeki didn't even realize that it was causing the değişme asırlar boyu sürmüş, bu da breakup of his marriage. beraberinde, hayvan yaşamında pek çok değişiklik getirmiştir. A) İşine olan düşkünlüğü yüzünden evini ihmal edince evliliği bozuldu, ama o E) Hindistan'ın hayvan yaşamındaki pek buna aldırmadı bile. çok değişiklik, asırlar boyunca bitki örtüsünde görülen değişimden B) Evliliğinin bozulması bile onun işine kaynaklanmıştır. olan düşkünlüğünü azaltamadı. 99. Analyses of the chemical composition of C) Kendini işine bu kadar kaptırmasının the blood are done by machines that can sonunda evliliğini yıkacağını carry out many tests simultaneously on a düşünmesi gerekirdi. single blood sample. D) Evliliğinin yıkılmasına neden olacağını A) Kanın kimyasal yapısını incelemek bile bile işine olan düşkünlüğünü amacıyla geliştirilmiş, bir kan örneği sürdürdü. üzerinde aynı anda pek çok işlevi yerine getirebilen makinalar vardır. E) Kendini işine o kadar kaptırmıştı ki bunun evliliğinin dağılmasına yol B) Bileşiminde hangi kimyasal açmakta olduğunu bile fark etmedi. maddelerin bulunduğunu anlamak için kan, çeşitli makinalarla yürütülen 97. Certain species of ants which live in arid pek çok teste tabi tutulmaktadır. environments feed almost totally on plant seeds. C) Kanın kimyasal bileşiminin analizleri, bir tek kan örneği üzerinde aynı anda A) Kurak bölgelerde yaşayan bazı kannca pek çok test yürütebilen makinalarla türleri, neredeyse tümüyle bitki yapılmaktadır. tohumlarıyla beslenmektedir. D) Kan analizi yapan bazı makinalar, B) Kurak bölgelerde yaşayanlar dahil, aynı anda pek çok test yürüterek hemen hemen tüm karınca türleri kanın kimyasal yapısı hakkında bitki tohumlarıyla beslenir. ayrıntılı bilgi verebilir. C) Çeşitli bitki tohumları, kurak E) Pek çok testi aynı anda yapan bölgelerde yaşayan karıncalar için makinalarla, bir tek kan örneği neredeyse tek besin kaynağıdır. üzerinde, kanın tüm kimyasal analizini yapmak mümkündür. D) Kurak bölgelerde yaşayan karıncaların en temel besin kaynağı bitki 100. Everybody Is amazed at how they tohumlarıdır. manage to get on so well despite the huge age gap between them. E) Karıncaların kurak bölgelerde yaşayan türleri sadece bitki tohumlarıyla A) Aralarında çok büyük bir yaş farkı beslenmek zorundadır. olduğu halde şaşılacak derecede iyi anlaşıyorlar. 98. The alterations in India's vegetation over the centuries have brought about many B) Aralarındaki büyük yaş farkının changes in its animal life. ilişkilerini hiç etkilememesi herkesi hayrete düşürüyor. A) Hindistan'ın bitki örtüsünde olduğu gibi hayvan yaşamında da, asırlardır C) Aralarındaki bunca yaş farkına devam eden bir takım değişiklikler rağmen ilişkilerini bu kadar iyi görülmektedir. sürdürebilmeleri şaşılacak şey. B) Asırlar boyunca bitki örtüsünde büyük D) Aralarında çok büyük bir yaş farkının değişikliklerin yaşandığı Hindistan'da, olması, ama buna rağmen çok iyi hayvan yaşamı da değişmektedir. anlaşabiliyor olmaları herkesi şaşırtıyor. C) Hindistan'ın bitki örtüsünde asırlar boyu gerçekleşen değişiklikler, hayvan E) Aralarındaki büyük yaş farkına yaşamında pek çok değişikliğe neden rağmen nasıl bu kadar iyi olmuştur. anlaşabildiklerine herkes şaşıyor. 668 Q ELS 684

101-110, sorulardaTvl C) The opposition parties have decided to cümleye anlamca en yata ingilizce;- co-operate for the common good and cümleyi bulunuz. to defeat the existing government as soon as possible. 101. Yapabileceği en akıllıca şey, arabayı yolun kenarına çekip sis kalkıncaya D) Hoping to defeat the present kadar beklemekti. government as soon as possible, the A} He thought it would be wise to wait opposition parties have joined on the side of the road until the fog together to form one party. cleared away. B) Because the fog was so heavy, the E) Acting together with this single aim, only thing he could do was to wait on the opposition parties managed to the side of the road. bring the government down very C) When the fog became too dense to see quickly. anything, he pulled the car over to the side of the road and waited. 104. Maktna çağı, seri üretimi teşvik ederek, D) The wisest thing he could do was to geleneksel el sanatlarını neredeyse pull the car over to the side of the tümüyle yok etmiştir. road and wait till the fog cleared away. A) The machine age, which has fostered E) It was wise of him to pull the car over mass production, has greatly reduced to the side of the road and wait when the demand for traditional crafts. the fog came down. B) By fostering mass production, the age 102. Soruşturmanın sonunda, soygunculara of the machine almost entirely did bir banka memuru tarafından yardım away with traditional crafts. edildiği ortaya çıktı. C) Traditional crafts are now almost A) Towards the end of the investigation, entirely done by mass production, they found out that an employee had which has been encouraged by the helped the bank robbers. machine age. B) One of the bank's own employees had D) Owing to the popularity of mass helped the robber at the end of the production in the age of the machine, robbery, as was revealed by the traditional crafts have totally investigation. disappeared. C) The inspectors eventually discovered E) As a result of mass production in the that the robbers were only able to rob machine age, traditional crafts have the bank with the help of a member of almost entirely died out. the staff. 105. Yakınlarını uğurlamaya gelenler, tren D) The fact that one of the bank's gözden kaybolana dek peronda durup el employees had helped the robbers salladılar. was, in the end, uncovered by an inspector. A) Those who had come to see their relatives off stood on the platform and E) At the end of the investigation, it waved until the train was out of sight. turned out that the robbers had been helped by an employee of the bank. B) The relatives of those who were going away had come to stand on the 103. Muhalefet partileri ortak bir amaç için platform and wave until the train birlikte hareket etmeye ve en kısa disappeared. zamanda hükümeti düşürmeye karar verdi. C) Those who had relatives to come and see them off stood on the platform A) In order to bring the government with them and waved at them as the down as early as possible, and acting train left. for a common cause, the opposition parties came together. D) Those whose relatives had come to see them off waved at them, as they stood B) The opposition parties decided to act on the platform, until the train was together for a common cause and out of sight. bring the government down as soon as possible. E) Those who stood on the platform waving until the train disappeared had come there to see their relatives off. ELS Q 669 685

106. Kendi işini kurarken o kadar çok C) There was a fierce fight between the bürokratik sorunla karşılaştı ki three brothers, who normally get neredeyse vazgeçiyordu. along well, over the distribution of their father's fortune. A) The many bureaucratic problems that he came across while he was setting D) The father was distributing his up his new company virtually made fortune to the three brothers, who him give up. don't get along well, when they started fighting. B) He gave up the idea of setting up his own business because of the awful E) As they were distributing their father's bureaucratic problems he fortune, a big fight arose between the encountered. three brothers, who had always seemed to get along very well. C) He encountered so many bureaucratic problems as he was setting up his 109. Çok sert bir taş olmasına rağmen granit, own business that he nearly gave up. diğer kayalar gibi, zamanla aşınır ve parçalanır. D) He had expected to encounter some bureaucratic problems when setting A) Granite is one of the hardest stones; up his own business, but not so many nevertheless, like any other rock, over as to cause him to give up. time it will wear out and crumble. E) He was almost fed up enough with the B) In spite of being a very hard stone, bureaucracy encountered in the like other rocks, granite wears out setting-up of a new business to give and crumbles with time. up. C) All rocks, even a very hard stone like 107. Konferansta ileri sürülen önerilerin granite, wear out and crumble with tümü, bölgenin sorunlarına kalıcı time. çözümler getirmekten çok uzaktı. D) Being a very hard stone, granite takes A} Not all of the solutions put forward at longer to wear out and crumble, just the conference offered ways to bring a like other hard rocks. permanent end to the region's problems. E) As time passes, granite wears out and crumbles like most other rocks, even B) The proposals put forward at the though it is a very hard stone. conference went some way to offering permanent solutions to the region's 110. Çocuklarımızın çevre sorunlarına karşı problems. duyarlı olarak büyümelerini istiyorsak, önce kendimiz onlara iyi örnek olmalıyız. C) All the proposals put forward at the conference offered a different way to A) Before we can expect our children to permanently solve the region's be as sensitive to environmental problems. problems as grown-ups, we must be a good model for them. D) All the proposals put forward at the conference were a long way from B) We ought to be sensitive to bringing permanent solutions to the environmental problems so that our region's problems. children will adopt the same attitude. E) None of the proposals put forward at C) If we want our children to grow up to the conference came close to bringing be sensitive to environmental permanent solutions to the region's problems, first of all, we ourselves problems. should set a good example for them. 108. Her zaman çok iyi anlasıyorlarmış gibi D) Giving examples from our own görünen üç kardeş arasında, babalarının experiences is the best way of servetini bölüşürken büyük bir kavga cultivating in our children sensitivity çıku. to environmental problems. A) They were distributing their father's E) In order to bring up our children to be fortune when the three brothers, who sensitive to environmental problems, normally got on very well with each our own attitudes should provide other, began to fight. them with a model. B) The three brothers, who had always got on very well, started fighting over the distribution of their father's fortune. 67O G ELS 686

APPEND 1X1 ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS absent from beneThfieacakialitlnhtg.oregular exercise is beneficial to your He has been absent from school for three days. bewimJludadetyrheewdmaaastt/biacebawloipuldrto/ebbryeledmb.y the complex absoHdrbiedendw'tIannsostoicaebmsoerbeendteirntrheeadroinogmh. is book that he blesslKeodaotkiweiniitgshboluetssfeodr hweirthbaesftaimnitleyrewsthso. are always accustomed to I'm not accustomed to very cold climates. boastful of She is boastful of her son's achievements. acquainted with She is acquainted with our customs quite well. borewIddiwtihditnhth'tefipnliosth. reading the book, for I was bored addicted to brilliant at So many youths are addicted to drugs. He is really brilliant at calculating. afraid of busywSwhiteihthchaenr'ttecrommepawpietrh. us because she is busy She is afraid of going out after dark. allergic to My son is allergic to penicillin. amabWzeehedawavtie/obrueyra. ll amazed at/by her unusual capable of You are capable of doing better work than this. angry at/about We were angry at her ı behaviour. carefaBunelnacobayroeeudf.tul about your words even when you are selfish angry with someone for something carefYeucolouwnoimtmhuisct cboencdairtieofnusl.with money in these We were angry with him for his selfishness. annoyed at/about I was annoyed at not being invited to the party. carelSeeshspseeaicsbiaoolufltyte(nwnohcaternpealseyhsiensgiasbadotetueptnrhteiesosrnecdtlo.o}thes; annotTyhheeedmywwtoitehtrheseoamnpnaeroolyyne.edfworitshommeetfhoirnngot inviting carelSderosismvioenfgd(nrfiaevsgetl.risgeanret, ctharoeulgeshstloesfst)he dangers of anxiTWtoehumeespwaliebtertoraleeututabr/nofeox.yriowuass about his constantly high clevedSrihfaefticisulqtupirtoebclleemves.r at working out the most anxious for school to start. apprgDoopoarlyisao?tue ftohrink this book is appropriate for our committed to He is committed to honest work. ashaYhImefoeeruldstmooasfurhusdat mebleeyd.asohfammyedshoafbyboyucrsloeltfhefos.r treating compsEtonusddedeonfottfse,rtmeapcahretiressaanrde upsaurealnltys.composed of assocSsiptaeetvceiedanlweSifptfhieecltbseirngfiislmp.articularly associated with concPpeorenollepudlteioaabnroeiunctoIsntcaenrbnueld. about the increasing air astoTgnaihsmehyee.dwearte/bryather astonished at losing the confident of Ryan is confident of his safe driving skills. awarMeenovosfirtopnemopelnetaalreposltliulltinoont. aware of the extent of confsAutsrneundcatauwbreoa,sustcosoosnmhfueesatehsdkineagdbothuet ttheeacghrearmtomcaltaicriafly it. (get)wSsiantshce/aslbtwhaceyoysnwfgueesrteteidnidgweJniatthsicosantlhct/wosnbinfuessl,setedhewtietahcJhaecrob. badat connAhfIeaetcmgahtloeiitlndohykd..wsmihtoeho/itdsoidsisutsaunatlllyy connected with good He is bad at repairing things. connected with/to that bad for Eating too much candy is bad for your teeth. baseErdedqouunciaretimonenaltsporifntchieplteismsehso. uld be based on the ELS Q 671 687

consAicmiogpuoosortodafnmcaenoyfrpeaardeinntsg atorethneoitrccohnisldciroeuns. of the engaStghheidenkitosinsgtiollfegnegttaignegdmtoarJroiendatshoaonn,.and they are enthcJueosnniancsyetriitcswavibetorhyuutesn. thusiastic about coming to the contTreenhsteuwlttesita.hcher seemed content with our exam envioIm'umosreoenflvainoguusaogfeps efolupelentwlyh.o can speak three or convinced of equipped with I'm convinced of his innocence. aBliagrmof.fices are usually equipped with a burglar coorWydoinhuaertneledygowsuisthahoreulsdwbime cmoionrgd,inthaetemd owviethmyeonutsr oarfms. excellent at coveeWrvehedreywnthiItihlno/gionkweads ocuotvoerfetdhewwitihnsdnooww, .I noticed that My mother is excellent at knitting, crowded with excitTheohdleiadcbahoyi.uldt ren seem quite excited about going on The city center is always crowded with people. expoItshfeehdyatnmodasyagnedt ffarcoestabrietee. xposed to extreme cold, curioIe'ulmesctcaiuobrnoi.ouut s about which party will win the faithful to Dogs are known to be faithful to their owners. D famiIali'umatrhnwoorit.thfamiliar with any of the books by that dedicated to familiar to She loves her job; in fact, she is dedicated to it. The man in the corner seems familiar to me. deficYtiheoanutt yIsnohuorulddieetaitsvneogtedtaebfliecsieanntdinfrvuiittarmeginusl.arly so famous for deligTIh'mhteeddcehwliiligdthhwt/eaadtsadteallilgyhotued'vewditohnhei!s new toy. Turkish people are famous for their hospitality. depedBneedpceeannutdsoeennht/euopnnoahsnnis'tpgaortenatpsrfoipnearncjoiabl,lyh.e is still derived from fed upTdprihsiwnerecitsitephpaaeclc'hstefourflfwibcaeesh. afevdiouupr,wsoithshtehesebnotyh'sim to the Most words in English are derived from Latin. filled with devotSihdhiesofjsoebe.ms to be devoid of the skills required for The room was filled with excited people. devoted to finisTwhehades wwfiinatiihtsehretdoowkitmh ythdeecssheorctodliasthe aswauacyeb. efore I She is devoted to her children. fit for diffeYfrreoonumtr/fltrihokamens/tmahnaidnned.islikes are quite different disappointed with/at/by Due to his poor health, he is not fit for the race. really disappointed with her exam fond of Srehseulstese. med really di I'm very fond of children. discrPbieemcoiapnulaesteesdhoofautghladeinncsoottlobuerdoifsctrhiemirinsaktiend. against divoriwAncocecdcrmeofaerrsndoiimndngigv. otorctehde fsrtoatmisttihcesi,rthhuesnbuamndbserisof free of donebwLweiinhtihdtahavhiiwomua.rs tshoatanshgerysawtohreertbhoayt fsrhieenwda'ss done Children under seven can travel free of charge. dressSfoehdrehiwnera. s dressed in a skirt, which was unusual free ftYarookmuenwtiwllobeoffrteheesferotmabpleatisn. soon after you've E friendly to/with eagedHr ofeoinsregewmhsaeteavgeerr fthoer adoqcutiocrksraeycso.very, so he is She was quite friendly to me last night. efficjTioehnbet. ipnroduction manager is really efficient in his frightened of/at 67* Q ELS I have always been frightened of heights. full omYfoisutrakceosm. position is full of grammatical furioShuahsdenawb'toabusetefunrpioroums aobteodu.t the news that she furiopSurhsoemwwoitathisnsfgoumhrieoerou. nsewfiothr sthoemmetahninagger for not furninTsehhceeedassgwaeirntyhtsinhfaovrme bateieonn.furnished with all the 688

geneTsroohuewsheaoabsltol wubtea/cwsaaimthbeitdtrouonkg.enerous with the raki, kindShtehore. has always been kind to the people around good at known for (famous for) I'm not so good at playing cards. Mr. Eames is known for his honesty. good for known as Taking regular walks is good for your heart. Mr. Eames is known as an honest man. grateful to someone for something late for I'm grateful to you for your kind support. You've been late for work twice this week. guilty of was found guilty of the robbery. limitTiesdhleitmotimiteedgtiovetnhrfeoer athned uanhivaelfrshitoyuersn.trance exam H lucky at happy about He is usually lucky at cards. Tm very happy about your getting this job. M happI1y'mpwusirttcihlhlahsaepdpmyywditihshiwt. asher two years ago, and honest with madyDaotou(n.a'tnbgerymwaidtha)t me! I was just trying to help mad about (very fond o/j You should be honest with your clients. hopeeSfnhutelraoisnf/chaeobpoeexufatuml otfhipsaysseianrg. the university She is mad about pop music. hopeStlhheesessiisamthpolpeestledsisshatescoporokpinegr.lyS.he can't even cook madTmtehaoaebftrelereisiasla}onndlychpahiryssiacrael ucshuaanllgyeminadtheeorfawwood, [if hostiShleoinstctoielethteo secaacnhdoatlh, ethr.e two families have been madecPhafraponemrgeiss mchaedmeifcraolmly wasoowde.ll(Tahseprhaywsicmaalltye.r)ial maduImets'osaedudiettifowoffiuicttuholtaftadoibfbfoeetlrtieleenv,te(pitfuhrayptoouthsaies)ltleorvaelnyivteamse, wanads j married to idenWitdicehanalttiwcaaitclhow/itniotchidmenincee.! Your dress is almost She is married to an American. IgnosSruahncehtioscfiirgcnuomrasntat nocfetsh.e proper thing to do in mindful of Impressed with/by You should be mindful of your responsibilities. We were greatly impressed with her diligence. mistcYaakopeuanbaairlbeitoimeusit.staken about the extent of her InferIeioldsroet'nso'tinthtihnekoyfofiucre.work is inferior to anybody IndeIeb'ntmecdoinutodraegbetmedentot tmheyyfrgiaevnedsmfeorfothr ethis job. N indifShfeahrpeepnsetenetoimngs qauroituenidndhieffr.erent to what is Innocent of nervhSoahuveseiostfh/naiesbraovfuottuersnaoboonu.t the job interview she will notorious for She was found innocent of the charge. Interested In She became notorious for her extravagance. I've always been interested in folk music. O Involved In obligaIe'lmdl ttohobatlitgreodubtoley. ou for being beside me during He has recently been involved in a bribery case. oppoItso'meadostpmopaolslecdhitlodTgiving so many responsibilities jealosSuuhsceochefsass. always been jealous of her brother's patiesAntuttdweeaicnthhtse.r should be patient with his/her pleascSehhdaeragsbeeo.eumts very pleased about being put in K ELS a 673 keen on He is very keen on football. 689

pleased with sorryyTemfsotresroddroariyyn.gTosormhuetrhtiinngg you with my rude remarks I'm pleased with the progress you've made. subjwTecheteattoshoeurtchoenadstitoiof nTsu. rkey is subject to extreme succewHsiesdfweulaaIsrensau. ccessful in marketing the product to a polite to suitafIboldreomfnao'ltrpthairntyk. jeans will be suitable for such a You should be polite to the customers. supecDruioorrryetonout othnien?k this job will be superior to your sureItohffeymoupuarbelinco. t sure of your facts, don't make popular with She is very popular with her students. sure about I'm not sure about the time of the train. prepafIo'rmredtbhfueoyrsinnogwthtehsies bwoinottesrs.o that I'll be prepared proud of surpIsrtiwrsaeandsgeraletya/.bllyy surprised at her treating us so suspicious of She is rightly proud of her success. The guard became suspicious of the youth provTgidrhaeedduywoaitutinhogn.should be provided with jobs after standing on the corner. R synchronized with The ballet dancers were perfectly synchronized ready for with each other. Everybody seems ready for the journey. terrible at relatAyeodruetroysouurnrealmateesd atroeththeehseaamdme?aster; because She is terrible at cooking. relevaYarnoetudtriosqcuuessstiinogn.isn't relevant to the subject we terrified of remeAsmtyubldeerreaeynddHfogerrpabcuer.n is remembered for her classic The little girl was terrified of the huge dog. respofIontrhsiitbnhlkeeiafniorcrrp/etoaolsleutiinonreisnpibriagtocriytiedsisiesarseesspoofnslaibtele. rich In thankful to someone for something I'm thankful to them for taking the time to help Vegetables and fruit are rich in vitamins. me. righIjtoawbb.aosurtight about her low chances of getting the thrilled with The employees were thrilled with the promise of sad aSpbahoretuywt, ahsavsaindgabfaoiuletdlotshiengextahme .chance of giving a a high pay rise given by the boss. satisfied with tired of/from Are you satisfied with your present job? I'm tired of your complaints. scared of I was tired from spending the entire day at the zoo with my son. She was scared of the growling dog. troubled with shocHkeedwaats/bsuych a good driver we were all shocked He was deeply troubled with the situation in the at the news that he'd had an accident. office. shorcIt'omomf ae bwititshhyoortuotfomdionneeoyutth.ese days, so I can't typical of Do you like eating food typical of the region in sick of which you are travelling ? I'm sick of this ceaseless rain. U similTparhreitpsoasrcehde.me is quite similar to the one I skilfTulheatInuit people are known to be skilful at upseSctahwuesitewhda/.asbuopustet about the trouble she had used to using their harpoons. She is not used to staying at home alone. slow at The new secretary is quite slow at typing. W sorryaI bffloeeerltsosoomfirnreydonfaoejroSbuyee,tb. ecause she hasn't been worried about I'm worried about his being so withdrawn. wronMg aanbyoupteople were wrong about their predictions for the results of the election. wrong with I think something is wrong with Sue. She is in the next room crying. . sorry ; my rude remarks yesterday. sorry about something 674 Q ELS Tm sorry about rm 690

APPENDIX! rrrreeeuvtsniuerilertntftftrorooomm c ssssfssfropeoopuoaermmbemrcassceeickuahotsrchluniticfibozpenoeee/pgrewslitdusynoihptitshsnpoouulusybbtumswfatfiitiettt/urhttotoe VERB + D L PREPOSITION ttttttaaherraallnikkdnddekewatbowioinotfih/utsah/tttbhossobousmot metehoinnge deal with lapse into decide on/upon lofaonur(gmhoanteylis/ftoeondt)ololinvge V COMBINATIONS decide against/to lllooooookkk foaotv/refwor/artrhdrotough/into depend on/upon vote for/against (Key: sb: somebody ddeersipvaeifrroomf msba(rAvemlEa)t meet with W die of wwwyyieaoreaiirlttrdrenyftotofoorovwsreoromrsroeymonaebethoiuntg sth: something AmE: 0 American English)) differ from/aboul/in/with object to ooppperoastee toon ddiifsfteinregnutiisahtebbeetwtweeeenn Ppppfpoaeaerrryr/itstisfiochsoitprw/iabnitytehpirnay aaaaaaaaaaappppbpgrrrbggroopppsroiuteulrlllvuaooyoyeeeeitggvn/ftwoaiioeoofzzbnfrfireeortoso/ohstfoftumoooommst/mr//owsoieasomnevwoidtm/tehemajhhuroeiteneosnsratgtntheeshet/ikosnbg dream of/ about drive into pQray over someone E qquuaarrrreell wovitehr/saobmoueot nsteh emerge from R eesxccaepl einfr/oatm recover from F rreejfoeircteoin /at fr//ruwreeoppliymotlhynortnreoe/susorpeplvsooienngdonnto feel like fight B for/against become of sb believe in ffiogrhgtetoavbeor/uwtith belong in/to benefit from boast of brag of H C bwcccccwcccoooooaooeiilrtmmnttmnulwhheisfndpppieeccatselllseorbiataosamnwinoionnsnctuceifh/oteotnuthaco/niitspbfonnctbsoooorntcoooan/rniutmtmdtrocteciecmhbeososoowoutmetvnhonthnieep/tsetrshletbyoon happen to/on hear about/of/from hhiodpeeffroorm I iwinniqstihusit/rioennafitnetre/rifnetroe/of NOTES: 1. care about/care for care about \"önemsemek\" anlamını verir. She doesn't care about her lessons. She is more interested in having a good time. care for iki anlama gelir. ..... •-\".• . ;. •„..-,-, . a) look after, take care of .: We need someone to care for our son while we are at work. b) like, would like Would you care for something to drink? (Would you like ......?) 1 don't care for tea, except at oreakfast. U don't like....... ) 2. fight for/fight against aBgiarişnesytikeulldleaneıtlmır.ekAiyçninı kmuüllcaandımelesterduigygolres,avkoftieg,hgtofoorn, bstirrişkeeygdiebni ykuaprtıulalmr iaçkiniçdiengmeüçecarldideilre. ediyorsak fight TThhee gwoovrekrenrms aenret sghooinugldofnigshtrtihkaerfdoerrhaiggahienrstwinagfleasti.on. 3. hear from/about/of •.--.'• hear from, telefon, mektup vb. yoluyla birinden \"haber almak' anlamındadır. I haven't heard from him since he left here. hear about, bir olayı \"duymak\" anlamındadır. Have you heard about the accident that happened on the highway late last night? hear of, \"bir şeyi duymak, öyle bir şeyin varlığından haberdar olmak\" anlamında kullanılır. I badat heard of a singer by that name until you mentioned him. ELS Q 675 691

APPEND IX 3 VERB + OBJECT + PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS Bu gruptaki fiiller, kendilerinden sonra bir nesne (object) ile birlikte kullanılırlar. They accused him of stealing the money. /She spent all her money on clothes. (Key: sb: somebody sth: something) A discourage sb from sth discuss persuade sb of/to sth with sb distinguish sb/sth point sth at sb prevent accuse sb of sth adapt sth to sth from divide sth sb from promote sb to admire sb for sth advise sb about into/among/between protect sb from/against sth appoint sb as/to a post provide sb with sth arrange sth for sb arrest sb for sth provide slh for sb assign sb to a post ask sb for sth eEexxcpulasienssbthfotrosstbh punish sb for sth associate sb/sth with betray a secret to sb blame sb for forgive sb for sth R sth borrow sth from sb refer sb/sth to sb H regard sb as remind caution sb against sth charge sb help sb with sth sb of/about rescue sb with sth combine sth with sth hide sth from sb from rob sb of sth compare sb/sth with/to I S compensate sb for sth condemn sb/sth to/for congratulate sb on sth identify sth with/as sth sentence sb to convince sb of sth cut sth into cut include sth in sth else separate sb/sth from sth off inform sb of/about sth spend sth on stop sb iiilnnneavvsvuioterlevessetsbhbstbfoaoigrsnaossimbnthestwshlehre from suspect sb of D take someone for someone else Kkllseeteahtvesepubsps/osbmthefrwionhmteoressftoohrmsoemwehwehreereloeolske thank sb for sth throw sth dedicate sb/sth to deter sb from at/to sb translate sth devote sb/sth to differentiate sb/sth from/into from NOTES: M W 1. By\"pkPKeurruroliolimnvanveinieidndsıgnleeiıöeçr,s.ilroineekmrisiwanneiğoetclnshüanemnyedwalaıeğidltaiıahnçniıfsn\"boodibrmreekfleiiitirlhtdiyiinor.grsyamakpipsıstrıaokkvueidllseabns/ıolsımtrh.etfhoirngsbfo/srtshomelesoene, warn sb about/of sth ne sağlandığını\" belirtiyorsak They provided useful information for me. /They provided me with useful information. 2. remind about, \"bir konuda hatırlatma yapmak' anlamını verir. Don't forget to rewind me about the meeting. remind of, \"bir şeyi, birini çağrıştırmak' anlamında kullanılır. Her voice reminded me of my closest friend in high school. 3. shout to, birine sesimizi duyurmak için \"bağırmak\" anlamındadır. When I spotted Alice ahead, I shouted to her. shout at, birine öfkeyle \"bağırmak\" anlamındadır. Sorry for my shouting at you last night, but I couldn't stop myself. 4. sthormoewonsoem, beitrhinineg\"vtoursmomake'oinçien, bbiirrinşeeybiartmşeayki \"atnultammasını diçainkualtlmanaıkl\"ıra.nlamında; throw something at DHoenth'trtehwrotwhestboanllestoamt bei,rdbsu!t IIt'csocurludenl'.t catch it. 5. ddiizffimerieşnötyialetdeivr:ehAdesisihtsienciogslucoiouslhro-,ubfrlr-iobnlmdin, dhv,eehbfeienftdiwnsdeisetnidtiidflfiefifckiuculultllattontoıdlıdirsi.stKitninuggluluaiinsshıhlagbnreeptewrneepfeornsoimgüroebnel'anuega.önrde cümlenin sözcük blue. As 676 a ELS 692

........ APPEND IX 4 COMMON PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES along with (yam sıra; ... ile birlikte) by all means (elbette) He can speak Cantonese Chinese, along with - May I have a look at your newspaper, if you several other East Asian languages. are finished with it? - By all means, go ahead. Here you are. as for (...a gelince; ... konusunda ise) My wife doesn't believe the new governor's by and by (yakında; çok geçmeden) doing a good job, but as forme, I think he's Don't worry, your new business'll start making turned out not so bad after all. a profit by and by. as opposed to (...ya karşılık; ... ile kıyaslandığında) by and large (genel olarak) Irish whiskey, as opposed to Scotch, is much By and large, the speech he gave was not too smoother and less bitter-tasting. bad, although it got a bit monotonous from time to time. as regards (...e gelince; ... konusunda) As regards your performance at the concert last by any/no means (ne şekilde olursa olsun/asla, hiç night, I think your solos were a bit too long. bir surette) at home In (somewhere) (bir konuda bilgili; (bir The economy is by no means an entirely yerde) kendini rahat hisseden) predictable thing: one day it can be up, while the next day it can plummet down. Henry feels quite at home in the fast-paced by means of (aracılığıyla; vasıtasıyla) world of big business. In 1947, Thor Heyerdahl crossed the Pacific at (one's) leisure (boş zamanlarında) Ocean from Peru to Polynesia by means of a I won't need the book until next semester, so primitive raft in order to demonstrate the you can take it and read it at your leisure. possibility of his theory that the Polynesians at a loss (ne yapacağını bilmez, şaşırmış durumda) may have originally come from South America. He's completely at a loss about how to solve his by/In virtue of (...den dolayı; nedeniyle) marital problems, so he's asking for any advice The murderer was found not guilty by virtue of we might be able to give him. insanity. at any rate (her nasılsa; en azından) for (the) want of (yokluk; ....sizlik) Housing prices'll pretty soon be going up For want o/just $200 more than they had, my astronomically; at any rate, that's what the parents missed my wedding, not having enough experts are predicting. money for a plane ticket to Istanbul. at large (serbest; başıboş) In compliance with (...uygun olarak; (emre) itaat Having escaped from prison nearly two weeks ago, the convicted rapist remains at large in the ederek) city. Lt. William H. Galley, who initiated the at the mercy of (...ran insafına kalmış; ....nın elinde) massacre of hundreds of women and children After the city had surrendered to Genghis at My Lai, Vietnam, in 1968, claimed that he Khan, it suddenly found itself at the mercy of had simply been acting in compliance with the Mongol horde. orders. at variance with (...tie çelişmek; ...ile ters düşmek) In defiance of (karşı çıkarak; karşı gelerek) One of the witnesses' stories is completely at He joined the merchant marine in defiance of variance with the others'. his parents' wishes. In light/view of (...run ışığı altında; ...yi göz önünde tutarak) hi light of your difficult financial circumstances, we have decided to offer you a scholarship so that you may continue with your studies at university. ELS a 677 693

In/with regard/respect to (.... konusunda) on the spot (hemen; derhal) In regard to the contract you have offered, I When his boss found out that Grant had been have a few questions about some of the fringe stealing money from the company, he was fired benefits. on the spot. In respect of (...ile ilgili olarak) on no account (asla; katiyen) In respect o/the introduction to your essay, I While your father and I are away for the believe it should be written somewhat more weekend, you are on no account to throw any concisely. parties at the house, do you understand? In store for (someone) (...yi bekleyen; (yapılmayı) out of favour (with) (gözden düşmüş) bekleyen) The president, who was once so overwhelmingly popular, has recently fallen out As I'm moving to a new apartment next week, of favour with much of the population as a I've got a lot of packing in store for me this result of the continuing war in Iraq. weekend. over and above (...den başka; ...den ayn olarak) In the teeth/face of (rağmen) When moving to another country, there are In the teeth of fierce opposition from others in difficulties over and above the language barrier, his own party, the minister declared that he such as the shock of a different culture or the would be raising the inheritance tax. adjustment to a quite different diet. In/out of keeping with (...ya uygun olarak/...ya over and over (again) (tekrar tekrar; defalarca) uymayan) Because the song was so difficult and complicated, we had to rehearse it over and He is a politician, so is it any surprise that his over again before we were finally able to get it actual policies are not at all in keeping with his right. promises? with a view to (amacıyla) Irrespective of/regardless of (...a bakmaksızın; She has been reading lots of old Ottoman ...olursa olsun) literature lately, with a view to applying to the Turkish Literature program at Bilkent İstiklal Caddesi, in İstanbul, is always crowded University next year. with people regard/ess o/the time of day. with respect to (...ile ilgili olarak) of late (lately/recently: son zamanlarda) Inflation's actually been going down of late, With respect to your loan request of the 25th of which has really surprised me. March, we regret to inform you that your application has been denied. off and on/on and off (kesintili; zaman zaman) She's been doing translation work for our without regard to (regardless of) (...a bakmaksızın; company off and on for the last ten years. ...olursa olsun) off (one's) guard (hazırlıksız; tetikte olmayan) We should look into buying I was caught completely off guard by his a new printer, without regard to the cost, as this sudden and unexpected insult. old one no longer fulfills the needs of our business. on/In behalf of (...run adına; ...nın namına) On behalf of my wife, who was unable to come this evening, I would like to congratulate you on the birth of your first child. on the brink/point of (...yapmak üzere; ...nın eşiğinde) We were on the brink of cancelling our holiday when we finally managed to sell our house, so we were able to go to Jamaica after all. 678 o ELS 694

APPEND IX 5 MINI PHRASAL VERB DICTIONARY (Note: The abbreviation (t.) is for transitive, (int.) for intransitive, sb for somebody, sth for something, BritE for British English, AmE for American English, usu. for usually and esp. for especially.) ACT BALANCE act on or upon (t.) balance sth against sth: compare the advantages a. act in accordance with; follow and disadvantages of sth We should balance the pros of restricted Internet access against If you don't act on my advice, you may regret it. the cons. b. have an effect on; affect The sight of a suffering child on television always BEAR acts on the emotions of the audience. act up (int.) a. (for machines, electronic equipment, etc.) fail to bear down (int.) a. press or weigh down function properly; malfunction b. strive harder; intensify one's efforts My engine's been acting up lately. There is no way we'll be able to finish unless b. (for people, usually children) behave willfully everyone bears down, bear down on or upon (t.) and (usually) badly a. press or weigh down on He was forever acting up when he was a child. c. (for illnesses, wounds, etc.) become painful or This backpack is really bearing down on my troublesome, esp. after a period of shoulder. What have you got in here? improvement b. strive harder toward Maybe I should go to the dentist - my tooth's We've really got to bear down on this project if acting up again. we want to finish it on time. c. approach something rapidly ADD The car was bearing down on me, so I jumped onto the sidewalk. bear on or upon (t.) add up (int.) affect, relate to, or have a. make the desired, expected, or correct total connection with; be relevant to Detective, this woman says she's got I think the waiter's made a mistake - the bill information that might bear on the case. just doesn't add up right. bear out (I.) substantiate; confirm b. seem reasonable or consistent; be in harmony The evidence bears out his claim that he was or accord not present at the scene of the crime. bear His story doesn't add up; I think he must be lying. up (int.) endure; face hardship bravely add up to (t.), signify; indicate He's bearing up really well after the death of If we look at all the evidence, it can only add up his mother. bear with (t.) be patient or to one thing - murder. forbearing with Just bear with me a moment while I try to find ALLOW the information you're looking for. allow for (t.) make concession or provision for; BEAT consider or include something when making plans beat about (t./int.) When the architect was designing the new a. search through; scour bridge, he unfortunately neglected to allow for the possibility of an earthquake. Although he'd beaten about for almost an hour, he hadn't managed to find anything. ANSWER b. beat about/around the bush, avoid coming to the point; delay in approaching a subject answer back (Int.) reply impertinently or rudely directly Only naughty children answer back when Will you please stop beating around the bush and scolded. just tell me what you want? beat down (t.) a. bring into subjection; subdue answer for (I.) When the revolution fell apart, the military and a. be responsible for sth, or punished for sth the police began to beat down the rebels. b. (informal) persuade (a seller) to lower the price I believe that the government should answer for of sth the things that it has done. We weren't happy with the price he quoted, so we b. have a lot to answer for, be the main cause of tried beating him down a bit. beat up (t.) beat sth bad which has happened thoroughly in a competition or fight; thrash That What have you done to my car? You've got a lot poor kid always gets beaten up at school. to answer for, young man. ELS Q 679 695

BLOW Breaking into politics is difficult; you really need to know all the right people. c. blow over (inf.) a. pass away; end; subside suddenly start doing sth The crowd broke into a cheer when the goal If the storm doesn't blow over soon, we'll have to was scored. break off (£.) stop cancel the picnic. b. be forgotten suddenly; discontinue I doubt that such a big scandal will ever blow over. He suddenly broke off his speech and began to blow up flirt with the woman sitting next to him. a. explode (inf.) The airplane blew up. breakout b. cause to explode (f.) a. begin abruptly; arise (inf.) The rebels blew up the bridge so that the government troops wouldn't be able to follow Influenza epidemics periodically break out in them. different places around the world. c. exaggerate; enlarge (f.) b. (of a person) manifest a skin eruption He's always blowing up his own role in every Now that spring is here, I'm starling to break project that comes off well. out because of my allergies. d. inflate; to fill with air ((.) c. take out of (storagte, concealment, etc.) for We blew up lots of balloons for Sarah's consumption (f.) birthday party. When his boss visited him for dinner, Peter broke out his best silverware. BOIL d. break out of (1.) escape from; flee The prisoner broke out of prison and fled the boll down to (I.) be simpliflable or summarizable as; country. break up, lead to the conclusion that; point to a. separate; scatter (inf.) All of his problems really boll down to just one The expedition broke up and each individual thing - he hasn't got any money. boll went in a different direction. b. (of a personal relationship) end (inf.) over (inf.) be unable to repress anger, My girlfriend and I broke up several months ago. excitement, etc. He really boiled over when he found out that he BRING had been fired from his job. bring about (f.) accomplish; cause: BREAK He had his doubts that the revolution had brought about any real change in the daily break away from ((.) sever connections or lives of the majority of people. allegiance, as to tradition or a political group Dadaists such as Marcel Duchamp broke away bring around or round (f.) Horn artistic tradition and used their works to a. convince of a belief or opinion; persuade question the value of art itself. We can probably bring him around to our way break down of thinking eventually. a. become ineffective; cease to function (inf.) b. restore to consciousness, as after a faint c. bring as a visitor The car broke down in the middle of the road. He brought some friends around last night and b. lose control; weaken (inf.) they were very nice people. bring back (t.) make sb think about sth from the When he'd heard of the death of his stepfather, past he broke down and cried. Seeing you again after all these years really c. itemize; specify one by one (f.) brings back memories. Could you please break this bill down for me? bring down (t.) It seems far too expensive for what I actually ate. a. injure, capture, or kill d. break sth down into ((.) analyze Several quail were brought down on our last We can break his entire argument down Into three hunting trip. basic ideas. break In (f.) b. lessen; reduce a. train or instruct; initiate I absolutely refuse to buy that car unless they The team's breaking in some new young bring the price down. players. c. cause sb in a position of power to lose their job b. begin to wear or use in order to make The finance scandal nearly brought down the comfortable entire government. I've got to break in these shoes before they'll bring forth (f.) give rise to; introduce really be comfortable. Anthony brought forth a brilliant proposal for break In on or upon (t.) enter with force upon or reducing costs at yesterday's meeting. accidentally interrupt; intrude upon Opening bring forward (f.) change the date or time of an the wrong door, Mr. Loman broke in on the event so that it happens earlier than planned private meeting where his removal from office I've brought the meeting forward from next was being discussed. Monday to this Friday. break Into ((.) bring In (f.) a. interpose; interrupt a. yield, as profits or income He broke into the argument just when it was The job may not bring much in, but at least it's starting to heat up. enjoyable. b. be admitted into; enter, as a business or b. officially present; submit profession After several hours of deliberation, the jury brought in its verdict. bring off (f.) accomplish, carry out, or achieve sth Paddy Considine is an actor who can bring off lots of different roles with ease. 680 Q ELS 696

BLOW Breaking into politics is difficult; you really need to know all the right people. c. blow over (int.) a. pass away; end; subside suddenly start doing sth The crowd broke into a cheer when the goal If the storm doesn't blow over soon, we'll have to was scored. break off (t.) stop cancel the picnic. b. be forgotten suddenly; discontinue I doubt that such a big scandal will ever blow over. He suddenly broke off his speech and began to blow up flirt with the woman sitting next to him. a. explode (int.) The airplane blew up. break out b. cause to explode (I.) a. begin abruptly; arise (inf.) The rebels blew up the bridge so that the government troops wouldn't be able to follow Influenza epidemics periodically break out in them. different places around the world. c. exaggerate; enlarge (f.) b. (of a person) manifest a skin eruption He's always blowing up his own role in every Now that spring is here, I'm starting to break project that comes off well. out because of my allergies. d. inflate; to fill with air (t.) c. take out of (storage, concealment, etc.) for We blew up lots of balloons for Sarah's consumption (f.) birthday party. When his boss visited him for dinner, Peter broke out his best silverware. BOIL d. break out of (t.) escape from; flee The prisoner broke out of prison and fled the boll down to (I.) be simplifiable or summarizable as; country. break up, lead to the conclusion that; point to a. separate; scatter (int.) All of his problems really boil down to just one The expedition broke up and each individual thing - he hasn't got any money. boll went in a different direction. b. (of a personal relationship) end (inf.) over (int.) be unable to repress anger, My girlfriend and I broke up several months ago. excitement, etc. He really boiled over when he found out that he BRING had been fired from his job. bring about (f.) accomplish; cause: BREAK He had his doubts that the revolution had brought about any real change in the daily break away from (t.) sever connections or lives of the majority of people. allegiance, as to tradition or a political group Dadaists such as Marcel Duchamp broke away bring around or round (t.) from artistic tradition and used their works to a. convince of a belief or opinion; persuade question the value of art itself. We can probably bring him around to our way break down of thinking eventually. a. become ineffective; cease to function (int.) b. restore to consciousness, as after a faint c. bring as a visitor The car broke down in the middle of the road. He brought some friends around last night and b. lose control; weaken (inf.) they were very nice people. bring back (I.) make sb think about sth from the When he'd heard of the death of his stepfather, past he broke down and cried. Seeing you again after all these years really c. itemize; specify one by one (I.) brings back memories. Could you please break this bill down for me? bringdown (t.) It seems far too expensive for what I actually ate. a. injure, capture, or kill d. break sth down into (t.) analyze Several quail were brought down on our last We can break his entire argument down into three hunting trip. basic ideas. break In (f.) b. lessen; reduce a. train or instruct; initiate I absolutely refuse to buy that car unless they The team's breaking in some new young bring the price down. players. c. cause sb in a position of power to lose their job b. begin to wear or use in order to make The finance scandal nearly brought down the comfortable entire government. I've got to break in these shoes before they'll bring forth (I.) give rise to; introduce really be comfortable. Anthony brought forth a brilliant proposal for break In on or upon (I.) enter with force upon or reducing costs at yesterday's meeting. accidentally interrupt; intrude upon Opening bring forward (f.) change the date or time of an the wrong door, Mr. Loman broke in on the event so that it happens earlier than planned private meeting where his removal from office I've brought the meeting .forward from next was being discussed. Monday to this Friday. break Into (t.) bring in (I.) a, interpose; interrupt a. yield, as profits or income He broke into the argument just when it was The job may not bring much in, but at least it's starting to heat up. enjoyable. b. be admitted into; enter, as a business or b. officially present: submit profession After several hours of deliberation, the jury brought in its verdict. bring off (f.) accomplish, carry out, or achieve sth Paddy Considine is an actor who can bring off lots of different roles with ease. 680 Q ELS 697

bring on ((.) bum oneself out: exhaust one's energy, ideas, etc., a. cause sth (usu. bad) lo happen or exist; bring through overwork or intemperance If you don't stop working so hard, you're going to bum about yourself out. The quarrel in parliament eventually brought on an economic crisis. burnout b. introduce; cause to appear (esp. on stage or a. cease functioning because slh has been during a performance) Then they brought on the dancing bear, and the exhausted or burned up, as fuel or a filament kids loved it. bring out (int.) a. expose; reveal (int.) This light bulb has burned out; have we got The newspapers brought out that the president any others? had done quite a few suspicious things during b. deprive of a place lo live, work, elc., by reason his university years. of fire (t./int.) b. make noticeable or conspicuous in a contrast They were burned out of Iheir house and had lo U.) live wilh some dislanl relatives for a while. Your dress really brings out the colour of your c. wear oul; exhausl; be worn oul; become eyes. exhausted (t/int.) c. publish or release, as a book, play, album, etc. He's feeling quile burned out because of how hard bring together (I.) cause people to be friendly with he's been working lalely. bum up (L/int.) burn each other complelely or utlerly In less lhan a minule, all Ihe Whatever problems the disaster may have papers had burned up. caused, at least it brought the community together as one. bring up (I.) BURST a. care for during childhood; raise a child His grandfather had been brought up in burst out laughing/crying: suddenly start Ireland in the early twentieth century. laughing/crying b. introduce or mention for attention, discussion, The second I walked in, everybody burst out action, or consideration laughing. burst into laughter/tears: Don't bring up the subject of religion when you're around him; it is a very sensitive topic suddenly slart for him. laughing/crying c. slop or cause to slop quickly I couldn't help bul burst Into laughter when I He brought the car up at the curb, jumped out, saw him wearing thai funny hat. and ran inside the house. BUY BUILD buy into (I.) purchase a share, interest, or build in or into ((.) build, incorporate or include as membership in (also buy one's way into) part of slh else He is Irving lo buy his way Into a very An allowance for travel and food expenses is exclusive club, bul I doubl lhal Ihey will accepl built Into the company's budget. build on him. buy off (1.) gel rid of (a claim, opposition, (I.) use a success or achievement as a elc.) by base from which to achieve more success: paymenl; purchase Ihe noninterference of; We certainly shouldn't slop here; we need to bribe build on this year's successes. Those journalists don'l seem loo objeclive - I Ihink Ihey've been bought off. buy out ((.) buildup (L/int.) a. develop or increase secure all of (an owner or partner's) share or inleresl in an enterprise I'm not spending much money these days; I'm Afler buying out Ihe compelilion, the company jusl letting the interest on my bank account had a virtual monopoly. buy up (t.) buy as build up. b. slrenglhen much as one can of slh or as You should resl; you need lo build up your much as is offered for sale strength. As soon as Ihe public lands wenl up for sale, c. prepare in stages Ihey were bought up by properly developers. You need to build up a body of evidence before Irying Ihis case. CALL d. fill in wilh houses; develop inlo an urban area American suburbs began lo build up rapidly call away U.) cause lo leave or go (often suddenly); afler the invention of the automobile. summon e. build up sb's hopes; praise or flatter My wife couldn't come Ihis evening as she was Don't build up your hopes too much; there's suddenly called away on business. call back still a lot of work lo do before you're finished. (int.) go back or return to a place in order BUMP lo see sb or collect sth (esp. BrilE) I'll call back in a few hours lo pick up my bump into (t.) (informal} meel by chance Ihings. My ex-boyfriend and I bumped into each olher the other day. call down (t.) a. requesl or pray for; invoke BURN The angry preacher called down Ihe wralh ol bum down (L/int.) bum to the ground God on his wayward parishioners. Afler having been struck by lightning, their b. reprimand; scold house burnt down. The fire slarled by Ihe We gol called down by Ihe boss for being late again. lightning burnt Iheir house down. call for (t.) a. require; demand; need This business venlure is very risky and will call for you lo be very cool under pressure. b. go lo a place in order lo colled sb (esp.BritE\\ I'll call for you al aboul ten, so please Iry lo be ready. ELS Q 68] 698

call forth (1.) summon into action; bring into c. (informal) behave in an agitated, foolish, or existence indiscreet manner; misbehave or be disruptive; She had to call forth all her courage to make act up Stop carrying on and come to eat your the move to a new job in a new country. dinner! call off(t.) carry out (t.) a. distract; lake away a. put into operation; execute Call off your dog, will you? 1 can hardly talk to We just don't have enough money to carry this you with it barking away like that. out. b. cancel sth that had been planned for a certain b. effect or accomplish, esp. sth that you have date said you would do or that you have been told The concert was called off because of all the snow. to do; complete call on or upon (t.) At the military tribunal, most of the soldiers claimed a. ask; appeal to to have been simply carrying out orders. carry over The president is calling on all citizens to stand ((.) together in this time of crisis. a. hold until a later time; postpone b. visit for a short time; We'll have to carry the meeting over till I called on a few friends and colleagues Tuesday on account of the manager's illness. yesterday afternoon. call out on (t) catch or b. extend from one activity, sphere of activity or discover sb in deceit or an time to another; You shouldn't carry work over error; point out to sb minor errors, untruths, into your personal life. etc. (esp.AmE) carry through (I.) After class, 1 called the teacher out on a a. accomplish; complete number of factual mistakes he had made b. support or help through a difficult situation during the lecture. call My wife's constant support really carried me up (t.) through after the loss of my father. a. cause to remember; evoke c. continue or be prevalent in; persist Seeing his hometown again after so many years The impossibility of two people ever truly called up lots of memories for him. understanding one another was a theme that b. communicate or try to communicate with by carried through all his writing. telephone (esp.Am.EI I called him up a few days ago, but he wasn't CATCH answering the phone. c. summon for action or service catch at (t.) grasp at eagerly; accept readily She A large number of Army reservists are going to caught at the opportunity to get free tickets be called up now that war has been officially to the Kerem Görsev concert. declared. d. find and display information on a computer catch on (int.) screen a. become popular Please hold on for just one moment while I call up your account details. Her new song's really starting to catch on. b. grasp mentally; understand CANCEL I tried letting him know how badly he was cancel out (t.) stop from having any effect; behaving, but he just didn't catch on. catch out counterbalance or compensate for one another; (t.) catch or discover sb in deceit or an become neutralized error (esp.BritE) The pros and cons of this project cancel each The street seller was trying to trick me, but 1 other out, so you should be the one to decide caught him out. whether or not we should carry it out. catch up (t.) a. lift or snatch suddenly CARRY The leaves that had been caught up in the wind were swirling around madly. carry away (t.) influence greatly or unreasonably, b. be/get caught up in: become involved or esp. emotionally; excite; transport The entangled with, often without wanting to audience was carried away by the president's How on earth did he ever get caught up in cliched appeal to their patriotism. such a terrible situation? c. catch up on; do sth that you did not have time carry off ((.) to do earlier a. win (a prize, honor, etc.) I've been working overtime this week, so this weekend I think I'll catch up on some sleep. The team canted off the cup quite easily this d. catch up on; learn or discuss the most recent year. news b. succeed in doing or achieving sth difficult Let's meet up at the pub later - I've really got to King Lear is a notoriously difficult part to play, catch up on all the latest gossip. but the actor managed to carry it off brilliantly. e. catch up on; point out to sb minor errors, c. cause the death of untruths, etc. More than ten percent of the people were carried The careless journalist was caught up on a off in the smallpox epidemic that year. carry on number of factual details. (int.) f. catch up with; come up to or overtake sb or sth a, continue without stopping that is in front of you by going faster than Despite the terrible weather, search-and-rescue them; reach operations are carrying on. He started the race quite slowly but eventually b. continue to live, work, etc., despite a setback he caught up with the other runners. or tragedy; persevere She carried on with her life despite the sudden and tragic death of her husband. FJLS 699

g. catch up with: reach the same level or quality h. (informal} go to a place in order to see what it as sb or sth else is like; go to see (t.) After her long illness, she had to do a lot of Let's go check out that new restaurant on extra work to catch up with the rest of the Maxwell Street. check over (t.) examine class. or investigate, esp. CHANGE thoroughly change off (int.) take turns with another, as at CHEER doing a task I'm tired of washing the dishes and I can see cheer up (t./int.) become or make happier after that you're tired of vacuuming, so why don't we feeling sad, depressed, etc. I was feeling pretty change off? change around/round (t.) move bad, but going dancing really helped cheer me up. objects such as furniture into different positions CLEAN Your house looks quite different since you've clean out (t.) changed all the furniture around. a. empty in order to straighten or clean; take change Into (int.) everything out of a room, car, container, etc., a. change one's clothes and clean the inside of it I've got to clean out my bedroom sometime this She quickly changed into her jeans and left for weekend; it's absolutely filthy! work. b. use up; exhaust b. become transformed or converted c. (informal) drive out by force It was amazing to watch the caterpillar change The demonstration was going really well, but into a butterfly. then the police came and cleaned us all out change over (int.) stop using or having one thing d. empty or rid of occupants, contents, etc. and start using or having sth else (esp. BritE) A storm of customers cleaned out the store on the My brother still refuses to change over from a very first day of the sale. clean up typewriter to a computer. a. wash or tidy up (t.) b. rid of undesirable persons or features (t.) CHECK Certain political parties believe that the country needs cleaning up. check In (int.) register, as at a hotel, airport, etc.; c. (informal) make a large profit (int.) indicate one's arrival or presence at a place, He really cleaned up on the stock market, function, etc., usu. by signing an appropriate didn't he? form We've got to check in at reception first, then we CLEAR can go out and look around. clear away or off check off (t.) put â mark next to a name or an item a. remove in order to make room (t.) on a list to show that it is correct, or that it has been dealt with (in AmE; BritE uses tick Let's clear these dirty dishes off the table off, before your parents arrive. As you go through this list of tasks for today, b. disappear; vanish (int.) please check/tick them off one by one. After the smoke had finally cleared away, we saw that the palace had completely burned check on or up on (t.) investigate, scrutinize, or down. inspect c. clear off, (informal) leave; escape (int.) You remember that new employee? Well, don't (esp.BrilE) forget to check on his work. We have to check When the tanks came, a lot of the protesters up on him and make sure he's getting on okay. cleared off. clear out a. remove the contents of (t.) check out Clear out the drawers. a. vacate and pay for one's quarters at a hotel b. remove; take away (t.) Clear out your socks from the drawers. (int.) c. go away, esp. quickly or abruptly (int.) b. verify or become verified; examine or d. drive or force out (I.) The police cleared out the striking miners by force. investigate (t.) clear up The detective decided to check out the man's a. make clear; explain; solve (t.) alibi as he had been acting somewhat I would like to clear up whatever doubts you suspicious. may have on this issue. c. fulfill requirements, as by passing a test (t.) b. put in order; tidy up (t.) (esp. BriiE) Everything checked out okay, so the plane was You're not going out until you've cleared up cleared for take-off. your room. d. make sense or be comprehensible or verifiable c. become better or brighter, as the weather, an (int.) illness, etc. (int.) His alibi didn't really check out, so the police After so many weeks of heavy rain, it is finally decided they ought to investigate further. beginning to clear up a little. Antibiotics ought e. itemize, total the cost of, and collect payment to help clear up the infection. for (a purchase) (t.) The cashier was dead on her feet after having checked out groceries all day long. f. borrow (an item) by having it listed as one's temporary responsibility ((.) I checked out the books in your name, not in mine. g. (informal] depart quickly or abruptly; leave in a hurry (Int.) ELS Q 683 700