Book Draft #3 -opt2

Draft #2 KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE LAMAN SENI, TUMPAT, KELANTAN 1

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KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE LAMAN SENI, TUMPAT, KELANTAN BUILT YEAR CIRCA 1620 - 1976 3

Copyright © 2021 ATSA Publication Published by ATSA Publication Sdn Bhd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher or the copyright owner. Disclaimers The information and arguments presented in this book have been assembled, derived and developed from various sources, including textbooks, academic papers, news media, reports, standards, guidelines, professional firms, and the Internet. These are presented in good faith. The author and publisher have made every reasonable effort to ensure that information presented is accurate. It is the responsibility of all users to utilise professional judgment, experience and common sense when applying the information presented in this book. This responsibility extends to the verification of local codes, standards and climate data. Every effort has been made to ensure that intellectual property rights are rightfully acknowledged. Omissions or errors, if any, are unintended. Where the publisher or author is notified of an omission or error, these will be corrected in sub- sequent editions. Publisher ATSA Publication Sdn Bhd 45 Jalan Tun Mohd Fuad 3 Taman Tun Dr Ismail 60000 Kuala Lumpur Compiled by and Edited by Azim A Aziz Co-Editor ATSA Architects Sdn Bhd Design ATSA Architects Sdn Bhd Layout Design by Amrul Nazran Abdullah 3D Images ATSA Architects Sdn Bhd Sketches And CAD Drawings Zulqaisar Hamidin Syed Kamal Affendi Syed Mustapha Esqandar Zulqarnain Aznan Abdullah Cover This cover design portrays the skecth of Kampung Laut Mosque by Ar. Zulqaisar Hamidin. Printed and bound in Malaysia

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE # ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | PENGHARGAAN # PREFACE | KATA PENGATAR # i : His Majesty Sultan Muhammad V, Sultan of Kelantan | Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Muhammad V, Sultan Kelantan # ii : Menteri Besar of Kelantan | Menteri Besar Kelantan # iii : ECERDC Chairman | Pengarah ECERDC # CHAPTER 1 : Mosque Background | Latar Belakang Masjid # 1.1 : Introduction | Pengenalan # 1.2 : Origin | Asal-usul 1.3 : Property | Hak Milik # 1.4 : Map | Peta # CHAPTER 2 : Relocation | Penempatan Semula # 2.1 : Dismantling | Merombak # 2.2 : Floor Plan | Pelan Lantai # 2.3 : Reconstruction on Site | Pembinaan Semula di Tapak # 2.3.1 : Installation ‘Batu Asas’ | Memasang Batu Asas 2.3.2 : Installation ‘Tiang Seri’ | Memasang Tiang Seri # 2.3.3 : Installation ‘Janda Berhias’ Wall | Memasang Dinding ‘Janda Berhias’ # 2.3.4 : Floor Installation | Memasang Lantai 2.3.5 : Wall Installation | Memasang Dinding # # CHAPTER 3 : Introduction Kampung Laut Mosque | Pengenalan Masjid Kampung Laut # 3.1 : Nilam Puri Site Location | Lokasi Tapak di Nilam Puri # 3.2 : Theories Behind Its Historical Background | Teori Di Sebalik Latar Belakang Sejarah # 3.3 : The Vernacular Architecture | Arkitek Vernakular # 3.4 : The Restoration Efforts | Kesan Pemuliharaan # CHAPTER 4 : History | Sejarah 4.1 : Background | Latarbelakang #

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | PENGHARGAAN Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat asperiores repellat 6

PREFACE | KATA PENGANTAR H I S M A J E S T Y S U LTA N M U H A M M A D V, S U LTA N O F K E L A N TA N | K E B AWA H D U L I YA N G M A H A M U L I A S U LTA N M U H A M M A D V, S U LTA N K E L A N TA N His Majesty Sultan Muhammad V Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do ei- usmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehen- derit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat 7

PREFACE | KATA PENGANTAR MENTERI BESAR OF KELANTAN | MENTERI BESAR KELANTAN The Most Honorable Dato ‘Haji Ahmad bin Yakob, Menteri Besar of Kelantan. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo con- sequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat 8

PREFACE | KATA PENGANTAR ECERDC CHAIRMAN | PENGARAH ECERDC ECERDC Chairman Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat 9

DEVELOPMENT The Kampung Laut Mosque, when it was first built, was only a small shed with ‘attap roofing’. miles downstream from Kota Bharu, at least half a mile from the river bank. At the time of With the rapid development of Kampung Laut as a business centre in the 18th, 19th and its construction it was probably near the sea coast. The Kelantan coastline and the Kelantan early 20th centuries, the mosque too came under expansion from the time to time. During River gradually change their position and while the sea reseded the river crep closer until the reign of Sultan Muhamad II, beginning 1859 until the era of Sultan Muhamad IV, the the great flood of December 1966 rose to the old mosque. When the water subsided, the mosque became the stopping centre for Islamic Scholars from the region. The mosque river bank had been torn away. The verendah had fallen into the river, the floor and the roof underwent futher expansion and renovations with three tiered roofing structure, verendahs, were slunting dangerously. The mosque was closed and The State Government built a new corridors and minarets. The pillars were added from 4 to 20. The famous ‘cengal’ wood (hard modern place of worship further inland. wood) was widely used in the constructions. The mosque was originally built about two PERKEMBANGAN Pada peringkat awal masjid ini didirikan secara paling asas iaitu empat batang tiang beratap- daripada 4 telah ditambah menjadi 20 batang kayu cengal yang besar dan lantainya juga kan daun nipah. Ianya terus berkembang selari dengan perkembangan bandar Kampung laut daripada kayu cengal yang tebal dan besar. Semenjak dari tarikh pembinaanya sehingga ta- yang terkenal dengan bandar perniagaan yang pesat maju pada akhir abad ke 18, 19 dan awal hun 1966, masjid ini telah digunakan sebagai tempat beribadat yang utama oleh penduduk abad ke 20. Kemuncak kemasyhurannya berlaku di zaman pemerintahan Sultan Muhamad II di sekitar Kampung Laut, tetapi akibat dari banjir besar yang melanda Negeri Kelantan pada tahun masihi 1859 hinggalah ke zaman Sultan Muhamad IV. Masjid ini telah menjadi tempat penghujung tahun 1966 maka masjid ini telah mengalami kerosakan yang teruk. Kerajaan persinggahan alim ulama di Nusantara. Ianya telah diperbesarkan dengan mengadakan bum- Negeri Kelantan telah menutup masjid tersebut dan membina sebuah masjid yang baru di bung bertingkat tiga, serambi, menara, balai-balai, kolah loteng dan lain-lain lagi. Tiangnya tempat yang lebih selamat. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF THE KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE The architectural design of the Kampung Laut Mosque was indeed unique. No steel nails the designs were aimed at retaining the Islamic Concept of the religion. were used. Instead wooden or bamboo pegs replaced them. When the mosque was re-con- structed, the same was done, as far as possible. The famous Islamic design of the Kampung Laut mosque especially its unique roofing structure and other related characteristics had always been a source of pride to the people As had been mentioned earlier, The Kampung Laut Mosque had mant features in common of Kelantan. A number of state buildings, including the State Secretariat, the Menteri Besar’s with mosque found in Java (Demak Mosque) and Champa (Kono Mosque). In almost aspect, Office, State Religious Department and few others had retained similar roofing design. SENIBINA MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT Masjid Kampung Laut mempunyai rekabentuk yang unik dan pembinaan asalnya tidak Kemashyuran rekabentuk Masjid Kampung Laut yang unik telah menjadi suatu lambang ke- menggunakan sebarang paku tetapi digunakan potongan kayu dan buluh sebagai pe- megahan rakyat Negeri Kelantan. Penampilan bentuk bumbung bersegi tiga (bertenggek) masak. Bila berpindah ke Nilam Puri, konsep ini terus digunakan kecuali pada bahagian menirus ke atas, buah gutung dan menora adalah gambaran keunggulan Masjid Kampun- yang tidak dapat dielakkan maka penggunaan paku terpaksa dilakukan. gLaut yang sekali gus menyemarakkan lagi keagunan Islam di Kelantan. banyak bangu- nan Kerajaan menerapkan identiti masjid ini iaitu bumbung bertenggek tiga lapis dan buah Pada asalnya, masjid ini mempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan Masjid Demak di Jawa dan gutung seperti bangunan Pejabat Setiausaha Kelantan, Pejabat Menteri Besar dalam Kota Masjid Kono di Champa. Pembinaan masjid ini menggabungkan banyak unsur-unsur seni Darulnaim, Bangunan Majlis Ugama Islam Kelantan dan Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam dan falsafah keagamaan pada bangunan. Rumah ibu bertingkat tiga dikaitkan dengan fal- Kelantan. safah ketuhanan. lapisan bawah diibarat penuh kekotoran, makin ke atas semakin bersih akhirnya menuju ke alam luas yang tidak terbatas, terlepas daripada segala bentuk dan ianya kembali kepada Allah S.W.T. 10

THE RESTORATION WORK TO MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT The state government in its effort to make good the damage caused by the big flood to the en, the old mosque had been restored to its own original state. From 1999 onwards, the old mosque had launched a fund-collecting drive. Consequently, in February 1988, the work State Museum Corporation with the support and cooperation of the Museum and Antiquity on the ‘re-constructions’ began. This included the construction of corridors, verandahs halls, Department, Kuala Lumpur had carried out various renovations. The maintenance of the separate toilets for men and women and other amenities. Cengal or the hard and strong mosque and its premises was also undertaken by the same department. species of wood was used in most of the ‘repairs’. Upon completion of the work undertak- BAIKPULIH MASJID LAMA KAMPUNG LAUT Bagi melengkapkan komponen Masjid Kampung Laut yang telah rosak hanyut banjir, Ker- menjadi sama yang terdapat di Kampung Laut di zaman kegemilangannya dahulu. Ber- ajaan Negeri telah mengadakan kutipan derma dan sumbangan. Hasilnya, pada bulan mula dari tahun 1999 hingga kini, Perbadanan Muzium Negeri Kelantan dengan kerjasama Fenruari 1988 kerja-kerja baikpulih seperti mengadakan menara, serambi besar, serambi dan bantuan kewangan daripada Jabatan Muzium dan Antikuiti Malaysia telah mengadakan kecil, balai lintang wakaf orang kaya, tandas lelaki dan perempuan, kolah, tangga, elektrik, kerja-kerja pembaikian, penyelenggaraan dan pengindahan Masjid Kampung Laut dan ka- bekalan air yang telah dilakukan. Kayu yang digunakan adalah kayu cengal dan mana-mana wasan perkarangannya. jendela yang rosak serta bata-bata (atap) diganti baru. Keadaan Masjid Lama Kampung Laut RECONSTRUCTION OF THE KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE AT NILAM PURI The damage cause by the floor and soil erosion to the old mosque came a deep concern to The mosque was reconstructed following exactlly the old form and using as for as possible the Muslim Community especially the local historians. all the old materials. The total cost of demolition and construction of the mosque was fully sponsored by The Malaysian Historical Society. The Malaysian Historical Society asked and was given permission by state government to rescue the historic building and to remove it to the present site, Nilam Puri. The reconstructed mosque was officailay handed back to The most Honourable Dato’ Haji Mohd Asri bin Haji Muda, Menteri Besar of Kelantan on behalf of the state government on The mosque was dismatled in November 1967 by a group of Kelantan malay carpenters un- 23th Rabiatul Awal 1390 corresponding with 8th May 1970 by Tun Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh der the direction of En. Hussing bin Salleh of kampung Bunut Payong under the supervision Tahir on behalf of the Malaysian Historical Society. of Tuan Haji Zain bin Haji Awang Kechik. PERPINDAHAN KE NILAM PURI Kerosakan Masjid Kampung Laut telah menimbulkan berbagai reaksi dikalangan umat Is- Masjid Lama ini telah dibina semula mengikut bentuk yang asal dan menggunakan semua lam di negara ini khusunya ahli-ahli sejarah. hasilnya satu cadangan di kemukakan oleh bahan yang lama seberapa yang boleh. Walau bagaimana pun hanya bahagian ibu masjid Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia kepada Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan untuk menyelamatkan masjid sahaja yang dapat didirikan semula. Ini disebabkan pada masa itu, tiada satu gambaran lama ini. yang tepat mengenai bentuk bangunan-bangunan sampingan yang lain dan kekurangan kepakaran serta kewangan untuk mendirikan seluruh kompleks masjid ini sebagaimana Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan telah bersetuju dengan cadangan memindahkan bangunan Mas- bentuknya yang asal. jid Lama Kampung Laut ke sekeping tanah kepunyaan Yayasan Islam Kelantan di Nilam Puri. Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia telah menanggung semua perbelanjaan merombak dan Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia yang diketuai oleh Tun Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh tahir telah mendirikan semula bangunanibu masjid lama ini. Pada 23hb. Rabiatul Awal 1390 bersamaan mengambil tanggungjawab memindahkan Masjid Lama Kampung Laut ke Nilam Puri. Pada dengan 8hb Mei 1970, Tun Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh Tahir bagi pihak Persatuan Sejarah Ma- bulan November 1967, banguna masjid lama Kampung Laut telah dirombak oleh sekum- laysia telah menyerahkan kembali masjid lama Kampung Laut dan dengan rasminya ke- pulan tukang rumah Kelantan yang diketuai En. Hussein bin Salleh dari Kampung Bunut pada YAB. Dato’ Haji Mohd Asri bin Haji Muda, Menteri Besar Kelantan bagi pihak Kerajaan Payong dan dibawah penyeliaan Tuan Haji Zain bin Haji Awang Kechik. Negeri Kelantan. 11

The view of the Kampung Laut mosque from the south in 1960. At Pandangan masjid Kampung Laut dari arah selatan dalam tahun that time this mosque was in its heyday where the buildings were 1960. Pada ketika itu masjid ini berada di zaman kegemilangannya still strong and used. dimana binaan-binaannya masih kukuh dan digunakan. The main hall is located on the right, the main part of the mosque Balai besar lintang terletak dibahagian kanan, bahagian besar mas- and the tower are on the left. The roofed structures found in the jid dan menara terletak di bahagian kirinya. Binaan-binaan ber- front of the mosque are oeneduh construction for the graves found bumbung yang terdapat dibahagian depan masjid adalah binaan in the mosque area. oeneduh bagi kuburan yang terdapat di dalam kawasan masjid. Photo courtesy of Che’ Gu Yusuf from Kampung Laut Gambar pemberian dari Che’ Gu Yusuf dari Kampung Laut 12

CHAPTER 1 | BAB 1 MOSQUE BACKGROUND | LATARBELAKANG MASJID 1.1 : INTRODUCTION | 1.1 : PENGENALAN K ampung Laut Mosque is a mosque that is considered the oldest in Malaysia. This mosque was Masjid Kampung Laut ialah sebuah masjid yang dianggap tertua sekali di Malaysia. Masjid ini originally located in Kampong Laut, Tumpat colony, Kelantan state which is about two miles asalnya terletak di Kampong Laut, jajahan Tumpat, negeri Kelantan iaitu kira-kira dua batu downstream from the city of Kota Bharu. At the time of its construction, this mosque is believed to be ke hilir dari bandar Kota Bharu. Dalam masa pembinaannya, masjid ini dipercayai terletak se- located at least three quarters of a mile from the banks of the Kelantan river and close to the sea shore. kurang-kurangnya tiga suku batu dari tebing sungai Kelantan dan berhampiran dengan pantai laut. Pada At the time this study was conducted in April, 1976, Kampong Laut Mosque was already in Nilam Puri, masa kajian ini dijalankan pada bulan April, 1976, Masjid Kampong Laut sudah berada di Nilam Puri, Kota Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Bharu, Kelantan. Before 1780 AD, Kampong Laut was one of the vil- the area of t​​he Kelantan Islamic Higher Education Sebelum tahun masehi 1780, Kampong Laut mer- oleh kerajaan negeri Kelantan dikawasan Yayasan lages with a large population. While Long Yunus, Foundation, Nilam Puri. With this, the Kampung upakan salah sebuah kampong yang ramai pen- Pengajian Tinggi Islam Kelantan, Nilam Puri. Den- the founder of the lineage of the kings of Kelantan, Laut Mosque survived on this new site. Although duduknya. Semasa Long Yunus lagi, pengasas gan ini terselamatlah Masjid Kampung Laut diatas he had held the title of King of Kampong Laut and there are small changes in the parts of the mosque keturunan raja-raja Kelantan, beliau sudah men- tapak yang baru ini. Walaupun terdapat peruba- bestowed on one of the 11 possibilities 300 years but the shape is still preserved. gadakan gelaran Raja Kampong Laut dan men- han-perubahan kecil dibahagian –bahagian masjid ago there was a village and a mosque there. gurniakan kepada salah seorang daripada 11 ke- namun bentuknya masih terpelihara. The building materials of this mosque such as cen- mungkinan 300 tahun dulu telah terdapat sebuah From the hills of the history of the Malay archi- gal wood for the pillars of the mosque are believed kampong dan sebuah masjid disitu. Bahan binaan masjid ini seperti kayu cengal untuk pelago has accepted Islam in the 10th century An to have been brought by the group of scholars tiang seri masjid dipercayai dibawa oleh kumpulan East Coast area of S​​ outh Vietnam called Campa from Campa. Some also stated that the cengal Dari bukit-bukit sejarah kepulauan Melayu telah ulama itu dari Campa. Ada juga yang menyatakan Phangang have used kufi writing in 1039. There is wood was taken to be found in Banggol Cengal in menerima Islam di abad 10. Sebuah daerah Pantai kayu cengal itu diambil didapati di Banggol Cengal archaeological evidence of female Muslim grave- Kampung Laut. Timur Vietnam Selatan bernama Campa Phangang di Kampung Laut. stones in Leren, Surabaya, East Java is written the telah menggunakan tulisan kufi pada tahun 1039. date 1082 belongs to “Fatimah daughter of Mai- Since the mosque already existed before the ar- Dari bukti arkeologi terdapat batu nisan perem- Oleh kerana masjid itu telah sedia ada sebelum tib- mun son of God”. And according to experts writing rival of the current generation of Kampung Laut, puan Islam di Leren, Surabaya, Jawa Timur yang anya jenerasi Kampung Laut sekarang ini, tidaklah the history of Islam to the archipelago siting way they could not describe the original shape of the bertulis tarikh 1082 kepunyaan “Fatimah anak Mai- dapat mereka menggambarkan bentuk asal mas- is through the east coast of Malaya and down the mosque. Only from the oral stories of the previous mun anak Hibat Allah”. Dan mengikut tulisan ahli jid itu. Hanya dari cerita-cerita lisan orang-orang beach also continues to Java. So this proves that people there is a statement that the original form sejarah jalan pertapakan Islam ke Nusantara ialah terdahulu terdapat kenyataan bahawa bentuk asal Islam arrived in Kelantan between AD 1039 and of this mosque is as simple as the form of makaf melalui Pantai Timur Tanah Melayu dan menyusuri masjid ini ringkas seperti bentuk makaf iaitu cuma 1082 especially in Kampung Laut. which is only covered and the floor without walls. pula pantai terus ke Pulau Jawa. Jadi ini membuk- berbumbung dan lantai sahaja tanpa dinding. Ben- This form does not change, the only material used tikan bahawa Islam sampai di Kelantan diantara tuk ini tidak berubah, yang ditukar cuma bahan In AD 1967 the Kampong Laut Mosque was moved is the building material used as the original materi- tahun Masehi 1039 dengan 1082 khasnya di Kam- binaan yang digunakan seperti bahan asal lantai from its original site in Kampong Laut to Nilam Puri, al of the mosque floor is made of nibung wood and pung Laut. masjid adalah dari kayu nibung kemudian ditukar Kota Bharu. This is due to the floods that often hit then changed to cengal wood. pada kayu cengal. its original site in Kampung Laut causing the Ma- Pada tahun Masehi 1967 Masjid Kampong Laut laysian Historical Society to feel that the mosque The mosque was used by Raja Iman for worship telah dipindahkan dari tapak asalnya di Kampong Masjid itu digunakan oleh Raja Iman untuk beriba- is no longer safe there. The great flood that oc- and asceticism as well as fulfilling his vows. Laut ke Nilam Puri, Kota Bharu. Ini disebabkan ban- dat dan bertapa disamping menyempurnakan curred in December 1966, damaged and made the jir yang sering melanda tapak asalnya di Kampung nazarnya. mosque in dangerous condition for reuse. At the After Raja Iman ruled Kampung Laut for some Laut menyebabkan pihak Persatuan Sejarah Ma- request of the Malaysian Historical Society refur- time, he died and was buried in Kampung Tanjong laysia merasa masjid itu tidak selamat lagi disitu. Setelah Raja Iman memerintah Kampung Laut bishment work was carried out in November 1967 Chat in Kota Bharu district. Since he could not trace Banjir besar yang berlaku dalam bulan Disember beberapa lama, ia pun meninggal dunia dan dike- by a group of artisans Melayu Kelantan under the the date and other signs on his tombstone, it can 1966, telah merosakkan dan menjadikan masjid bumikan di Kampung Tanjong Chat dalam daerah direction of Ms. Husin Bin Salleh of Kampong Bun- not be confirmed that Nik Man Bin Nik Mat’s claim dalam keadaan merbahaya untuk digunakan lagi. Kota Bharu. Oleh kerana tidak dapat mengesan ut Payung and supervised by Tuan Haji Zain bin is true. However, his simple opinion can provide Atas permintaan Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia ker- tarikh dan tanda-tanda lain pada batu nisannya Haji Awang Kecik. This mosque was rebuilt in an help to historians. ja-kerja perombakan telah dijalankan dalam bulan maka tiadalah dapat disahkan adalah benar dak- area donated by the Kelantan state government in November 1967 oleh sekumpulan tukang-tukang waan Nik Man Bin Nik Mat itu. Namun begitu pen- Melayu Kelantan dibawah arahan Cik Husin Bin dapatnya yang ringkas boleh memberikan perto- Salleh dari kampong Bunut Payung dan diawasi longan terhadap pengkaji sejarah. oleh Tuan Haji Zain Bin Haji Awang Kecik. Masjid ini dibina semula dikawasan yang disumbangkan 13

1.2 : ORIGIN | 1.2 : ASAL-USUL It is difficult to give an accurate statement about the tionship with Raja Iman, the person who built this Adalah sukar untuk memberi kenyataan yang Tempat : Rumah kediamannya di Kampung Sun- origin of the Kampung Laut Mosque both in terms mosque. Below is a summary of the history of the tepat mengenai asal usul Masjid Kampung Laut ini gai Keladi, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. of: people who built this mosque. baik dari segi : • its construction and the architecture of this • pembinaannya dan akitek masjid ini Nik Man Bin Nik Mat mendakwa mempunyai About a thousand (1,000) years ago there was a • tarikh masjid ini dibina hubungan kekeluargaan dengan Raja Iman, orang mosque Hindu kingdom of Sri Vijaya on the island of Java. • bahan binaan yang digunakan yang membina masjid ini. Dibawah adalah ring- • the date this mosque was built The descendants of Sri Vijaya, about 400 years • konsep atau falsafah yang terdapat pada kasan sejarah orang yang membina masjid ini. • building materials used ago, have begun to embrace Islam, including Syed • concepts or philosophies found in the form Mahmud, a Raja Muda Lakasamana and his broth- bentuk dan binaan masjid ini Lebih kurang seribu (1,000) tahun dahulu terdap- er Syed Abdul Rahman a Commander. The king at sebuah kerajaan hindu Sri Vijaya di Pulau Jawa. and construction of this mosque who ruled at that time was their cousin Syed Lawi. Ini disebabkan tiada dokumen dan kenyataan Keturunan Sri Vijaya ini iaitu lebih kurang 400 ta- Due to the slander and jealousy from the Minister, bertulis untuk dijadikan bukti mengenai asal-usul hun dahulu, sudah mula memeluk agama Islam This is because there are no documents and writ- Syed Mahmud and his brother Syed Abdul Rahman masjid ini. Ada 4 pendapat yang berbeza menge- termasuklah Syed Mahmud, seorang Raja Muda ten statements to be used as evidence about the moved to Bali Island. There, the minister also slan- nai asal-usul masjid ini. Pendapat-pendapat itu Lakasamana dan adiknya Syed Abdul Rahman origin of this mosque. There are 4 different opinions dered saying that Syed Mahmud was preparing to diambil dari : seorang Panglima. Raja yang memerintah pada about the origin of this mosque. The opinions are attack the Sri Vijaya government. To avoid further masa itu adalah sepupu mereka iaitu Syed Lawi. taken from: strife, Syed Mahmud and his brother and his follow- • cerita lisan penduduk Kampung Laut Oleh kerana fitnah dan hasad demgki dari Ment- ers sailed from Bali Island across the ocean without • wawancara dengan Nik Man Bin Nik Mat yang eri, Syed Mahmud dan adiknya Syed Abdul Rah- • oral stories of the residents of Kampung Laut a purpose. man berpindah ke Pulau Bali. Di sana juga men- • interview with Nik Man Bin Nik Mat who now sekarang tinggal di Kampung Sungai Kela- teri memfitnahkan mengatakan Syed Mahmud For too long at sea, a ‘temelut’ fish has pierced di, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Beliau mendakwa sedang bersiap sedia hendak menyerang kera- lives in Kampung Sungai Keladi, Kota Bharu, their ship. Syed Mahmud and Syed Abdul Rahman mempunyai hubungan kekeluargaan dengan jaan Sri Vijaya. Untuk mengelakkan pertelingka- Kelantan. He claimed to have a family relation- prayed and vowed to build a mosque if they landed Raja Iman, orang yang membina Masjid Kam- han lebih lanjut, Syed Mahmud dan adikya serta ship with Raja Iman, the person who built the safely. Finally, they reached Kampung Laut. pung Laut itu. pengikut-pengikutnya belayar dari Pulau Bali Kampung Laut Mosque. • rencana ‘Masjid tua Kampung Laut perlu merentasi lautan tanpa tujuan. • article ‘Old Mosque of Kampung Laut needs On land, Syed Abdul Rahman changed his name to dipelihara’ oleh Doktor Randhos Abd. Rah- to be preserved’ by Doctor Randhos Abd. Rah- Raja Haji. He then traveled to the ‘Selindung Bayu’ man Al-Ahmadi di Mingguan Kota Bharu bu- Oleh kerana terlalu lama dilaut, sejenis ikan man Al-Ahmadi in Kota Bharu Weekly in July country in southern Siam and became King. As lan Julai 1968. ‘temelut’ telah menebuk kapal mereka. Syed 1968. proof, in Telubung Region, South Siam there is a hill • wawancara dengan Ustaz Abdullah Bin Mu- Mahmud dan Syed Abdul Rahman berdoa dan • interview with Ustaz Abdullah Bin Muham- called Bukit Tok Raja Haji. His brother Syed Mahmud hammad ( Ahmad Nakhola) seorang pengkaji bernazar akan mendirikan masjid sekiranya mere- mad (Ahmad Nakhola) a Kelantan state histo- also changed his name to Raja Iman. He and his fol- sejarah negeri Kelantan yang kini tinggal di ka selamat mendarat. Akhirnya, mereka sampai di ry researcher who currently lives in Kampong lowers built the Kampung Laut mosque in the form Kampong Masjid Langgar, Jalan Pasir Puteh, Kampung Laut. Masjid Langgar, Jalan Pasir Puteh, Kota Bharu, of waqf. The floor is made of nibung wood only. The Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Kelantan. four pillars are made of cengal wood taken from • Ditanah daratan, Syed Abdul Rahman telah menu- Banggol Cengal and the roof is made of thatched 1. Cerita lisan penduduk Kampung Laut. kar namanya ke Raja Haji. Ia kemudian merantau 1. Oral story of the residents of Kampung Laut. roof. The floor level is as high as the elephant and ke negero ‘Selindung Bayu’ di selatan Siam dan herdsman; that is, about ten feet. It is believed that Kebanyakkan dari penduduk Kampung Laut ber- menjadi Raja. Sebagai bukti, di Wilayah Telubu- Most of the residents of Kampung Laut think that the King of Faith visited the mosque on an elephant. pendapat bahawa Masjid Kampung Laut dibina ng, Selatan Siam terdapat sebuah bukit bernama the Kampung Laut Mosque was built by a group of oleh sekumpulan ulama Islam dari Champa yang Bukit Tok Raja Haji. Abangnya Syed Mahmud juga Muslim scholars from Champa who sailed to Java. 3. The plan ‘Old Mosque of Kampung Laut should belayar ke Pulau Jawa. Dalam pelayaran itu mere- menukar nama kepada Raja Iman. Ia serta pengi- During the voyage they were hit by a storm and be maintained by Dr. Randhos Abdul Rahman ka telah dipukul ribut dan kapal mereka bocor. kut-pengikutnya mendirikan masjid Kampung their ship leaked. They vowed to build a mosque on Al-Ahmadi, in Kota Bharu Weekly, in July 1968. Mereka bernazar akan mendirikan sebuah masjid Laut dengan secara ringkas sahaja berbentuk land that they first reached if they survived the sea ditanah daratan yang mula-mula mereka sampai wakaf. Lantainya diperbuat dari kayu nibung saha- disaster. By the will of God the leaky ship was cov- jika terselamat dari bencana laut itu. Dengan ke- ja. Keempat-empat tiang serinya adalah dari kayu ered by ‘bean fish’. hendak Allah bocor dikapal telah ditutup oleh ‘ikan cengal yang diambil dari Banggol Cengal dan at- kacang’. apnya dari atap rumbia. Tinggi paras lantai adalah With this, they landed safely at the mouth of the Dr. Randhos writes the following facts based on setinggi paras gajah dan gembalanya; iaitu lebih Kelantan river and built a Kampung Laut Mosque. historical evidence. He said the Kampung Chat Dengan ini mereka selamat mendarat dimuara kurang sepuluh kaki. Dipercayai bahawa Raja Iman Mosque is older than the Kampung Demak Mosque sungai Kelantan dan mendirikan sebuah Masjid menziarahi masjid dengan menaiki gajah. 2. Interview with Nik Man Bin Nik Mat in East Java, which was established in 1468. So it is Kampung Laut. Date: 15th April, 1976 certain that the Kampung Laut Mosque is over 500 Place: His residential house in Kampung Sungai years old. Based on the oral stories he found, the 2. Wawancara dengan Nik Man Bin Nik Mat 3. Rencana ‘Masjid tua Kampung Laut perlu Keladi, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Kampung Laut Mosque was erected by a group Tarikh : 15hb April, 1976 dipelihara oleh Doktor Randhos Abdul Rahman of Muslim scholars from Champa. In the voyage Nik Man Bin Nik Mat claimed to have a family rela- to Java Island to spread Islam they stopped at 14

1.2 : ORIGIN | 1.2 : ASAL-USUL Kampung Laut and set up a mosque there. Where researcher. Below is his own opinion. He said the Al- Ahmadi, di Mingguan Kota Bharu, bulan Julai Pada setiap masjid dizaman madya Islam dap- the ‘plan’ and the timber is ready (pre-fabricated) Kampung Laut mosque was built by Sunan Giri and 1968. at dinyatakan semuanya sama iaitu lanjutan dari brought from the state of Champa. These scholars Sunan Borang. Both of them are from Java (accord- Senibina makam yang tersusun dan dilanjutkan have 3 copies (prototype) of the construction of this ing to the book ‘Sejarah Masjid’ by H. Aboebakar, Dr. Randhos menuliskan fakta-fakta berikut ber- kesenian di Zaman hindu…” similar mosque where the other two were built in Djakarta. Sunan Giri and Sunan Borang are two of sasarkan bukti-bukti sejarah. Beliau mengata- Java. One of them is Demak Mosque, East Java. the 9 saints of Songo). They are both in Kelantan kan Masjid Kampung Chat lebih tua usianya dari Dari segi bahan binaan yang digunakan, “…setahu because they seek the knowledge of Allah from Masjid Kampung Demak di Jawa Timur, yang saya di Jawa kayu Cengal atau kayu besi. Jadi jik- To strengthen the fact that Kampung Laut is old- Sheikh Mohd Saman. The science learned is to be a didirikan pada tahun 1468. Jadi sudah pasti usia alau Masjid Demak dan Masjid Tuban dibuat dari er than the Demak Mosque, he wrote “… it is com- guardian. Sheikh Mohd Saman as a teacher has in- Masjid Kampung Laut sudah melebihi 500 tahun. kayu Cengal maka sudah tentulah kayu cengal itu mon for people to say that Java accepted Islam structed his students Sunan Giri and Sunan Borang Bedasarkan cerita-cerita lisan yang beliau dapati, dari luar Pulau Jawa…” from ‘Melaka’ (Melaka in the sense of the Indone- to build a mosque in Kampung Laut. This Kampung Masjid Kampung Laut telah didirikan oleh sekum- sians in the past, not Melaka in the current polit- Laut Mosque is made at once with 4 main pillars pulan ahli pelayaran ulama Islam dari Champa. 4. Wawancara dengan Ustaz Abdullah Bin Mu- ical sense) because in terms of state dates Mel- and 12 side pillars around it (not like the previous Dalam pelayaran ke Pulau Jawa untuk menyebar- hammad (Ahmad Nakhola) aka emerged in the 15th century but Islam was opinion said that the construction of Kampung Laut kan agama Islam mereka telah singgah di Kam- Tarikh : 7hb Mei, 1976 brought before 1082 with 475 hijrah. He is also mosque is simple. (Please see picture 1). With 4 pung Laut dan mendirikan masjid disitu. Dimana Tempat : Rumah kediamannya di kampung Mas- from a note written on a stone inscription. Inscrip- main series pillars and 12 side pillars then the shape ‘plan’ dan kayu-kayunya sudah siap (pre-fabricat- jid Langgar, Jalan Pasir Puteh, Kota Bharu. tion east Malaya said the state received in advance The roof can only be stacked.He thinks the Kam- ed) dibawa dari negeri Champa. Para ulama ini of Islam Melaka (Malacca in the present political pung Laut mosque is not the oldest mosque in Ma- mempunyai 3 salinan (prototype) binaan masjid Ustaz Ahmad Nakhola ialah seorang pengkaji se- sense). So if there are words to learn Java guard- laysia but previously there was a mosque but it was serupa ini dimana yang dua lagi dibina di Jawa. jarah negeri Kelantan. Dibawah ini ialah pendapa- ian ‘Melaka’ the meaning of ‘Melaka’ within the destroyed.Because the Kampung Laut mosque is Salah satunya ialah Masjid Demak, Jawa Timur. tnya sendiri. Beliau mengatakan masjid Kampung meaning of the Javanese is the Malay Peninsula. still strong so it is considered the oldest. Laut dibina oleh Sunan Giri dan Sunan Borang. Untuk menguatkan fakta Kampung Laut lebih tua Meereka berdua ialah berasal dari Jawa (mengi- During the time of wali Sembilan in Java, one inter- The Kampung Laut Mosque is clearly old, although dari Masjid Demak, beliau menulis “ … sudah lazim kut buku ‘Sejarah Masjid’ karangan H. Aboebakar, esting thing is the emergence of the name of a new there is no fixed date of its construction, which is orang memperkatakan Jawa menerima Islam dari Djakarta. Sunan Giri dan Sunan Borang adalah place in Central Java given by Jawa Sunan Tem- about 300 years ago. It is also likely to be 500 years ‘Melaka’ (Melaka dalam ertikata orang-orang Indo- dua orang dari 9 orang wali Songo). Mereka ber- bayat (similar to kembayat in Champa is ‘Kelantan’ old or older. This is based on the plan of Dr. Randhos nesia pada zaman dahulu, bukanlah Melaka dalam dua berada di Kelantan kerana menuntut ilmu Al- (Kelantan plate lost ‘n’ to Kelantan). In Java, there is Abdul Rahman Al. Ahmadi who says the Kampung ertikata politik sekarang) kerana dari segi tarikh lah dari Sheikh Mohd Saman. Ilmu yang dipelajari a golek chicken dish that is special in Kelantan. Laut mosque is older than the Demak mosque in negeri Melaka timbul diabad 15 tetapi agama Islam adalah untuk menjadi seorang wali. Sheikh Mohd East Java which was built in 1468 AD. telah ada dibawa sebelum tahun 1082 bersamman Saman sebagai seorang guru telah mengarahkan In terms of construction… there is a similarity be- 475 hijrah. Beliau juga dari catitan bertulis pada anak-anak muridnya Sunan Giri dan Sunan Bo- tween the Kampung Laut mosque and the Demak In terms of the construction of the Kampung Laut batu bersurat . bersurat mengatakan negeri timur rang membina sebuah masjid di Kampung Laut. Mosque in Java, which is an odd three-tiered roof Mosque, the writer could not give an accurate con- Tanah Melayu menerima agama Islam lebih awal Masjid Kampung Laut ini dibuat sekaligus dengan with a four-square base dinah and four tie pillars. clusion because there are different opinions. From dari Melaka (Melaka dalam erti politik sekarang). mempunyai 4 tiang seri utamanya dan 12 tiang the oral stories of the residents of Kampung Laut Jadi jikalau terdapat perkataan wali Jawa belajar ke tepi sekelilingnya (bukan seperti pendapat yang In every mosque in the Islamic middle age it can and the plans of Dr. Randhos Pembina or architect ‘Melaka’ maka maksud ‘Melaka’ itu dalam penger- terdahulu mengatakan binaan masjid Kampung be stated that everything is the same, which is an of the Kampung Laut mosque is a group of Muslim tian orang Jawa ialah Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Laut adalah ringkas. (Sila lihat gambar 1). Dengan extension of the Architecture of the tomb which is scholars who sailed from Champa to Java. Accord- adanya 4 tiang seri utama dan 12 tiang tepi maka arranged and continued art in the Hindu Age… “ ing to Nik Man Bin Nik Mat, the mosque was built by Dizaman wali Sembilan di Jawa satu hal yang me- bentuk bumbungnya barulah boleh berbentuk Raja Iman or Syed Mahmud who came from Java. narik ialah timbulnya nama tempat baru di Jawa bersusun-susun. Beliau berpendapat masjid Kam- In terms of building materials used, “… as far as I According to Ustaz Nakhola, the mosque was built Tengah yang diberikan Jawa Sunan Tembayat pung Laut bukanlah masjid yang tertua di Malay- know in Java Cengal wood or iron wood. So if the by Sunan Giri and Sunan Borang under the direc- (sama dengan kembayat di Champa ialah ‘Kelan- sia tetapi sebelumnya telah ada masjid tapi telah Demak Mosque and the Tuban Mosque are made tion of their teacher Sheikh Mohd Saman. However, tan’ (pelat Kelantan hilang ‘n’ menjadi kelantan). binasa. Oleh kerana masjid Kampung Laut masih of Cengal wood, then of course the cengal wood is the connection and influence on this mosque from Disini juga satu-satunya di Pulau Jawa terdap- kukuh maka ia dianggap yang tertua sekali. from outside Java… “ the island of Java is real, especially in its carvings. at masakan ayam golek seperti yang khusus di Kelantan ini. Bagaimanakah hubungan ini terja- Masjid Kampung Laut memang nyata telah tua 4. Interview with Ustaz Abdullah Bin Muhammad In conclusion, it is clear that the four pillars of the di….? usianya walaupun tiada tarikh tetap terbinanya (Ahmad Nakhola) mosque are built from different cengal wood is the iaitu lebih kurang 300 tahun dahulu. Ia juga berke- Date: 7th May, 1976 origin of the cengal wood. From the oral stories of Dari segi binaan ‘…ada persamaan masjid Kam- mungkinan berusia 500 tahun atau lebih dari itu. Place: His residential house in the village of Masjid the residents of Kampung Laut and the plans of Dr. pung Laut dengan Masjid Demak di Jawa iaitu Ini berdasarkan rencana Dr. Randhos Abdul Rah- Langgar, Jalan Pasir Puteh, Kota Bharu. Randhos cengal wood for the tie pole was brought atap bersusun ganjil tiga dengan dinah dasar em- man Al. Ahmadi yang mengatakan masjid Kam- by the Islamic scholar from Champa. According to pat persegi dan tiang seri berempat. pung Laut lebih tua dari masjid Demak di Jawa Ustaz Ahmad Nakhola is a Kelantan state history Nik Man Bin Nik Mat, the cengal wood comes from Timur yang dibina pada tahun masehi 1468. 15

1.2 : ORIGIN | 1.2 : ASAL-USUL Banggol Chengal in Kampong Laut district itself. mad Nakhola thinks that the mosque was built at Dari segi sipembina Masjid Kampung Laut, penulis Bin Nik Mat kayu cengal itu berasal dari Banggol Ustaz Ahamad Nakhola thinks that cengal wood for the same time with 4 series pillars and 12 series pil- tidak dapat memberi kesimpulan yang tepat ker- Chengal dalam daerah Kampong Laut sendiri. tie poles is taken from the area around Kampung lars around it. If only 4 pillars are made, then the ana terdapat pendapat-pendapat yang berlainan. Ustaz Ahamad Nakhola berpendapat kayu cengal Laut. roof of the mosque will not be stacked. If it does not Dari cerita lisan penduduk Kampung Laut dan unutk tiang seri diambil dari kawasan sekitar Kam- fit the ancient architecture of the archipelago which rencana Dr. Randhos Pembina atau akitek masjid pung Laut. About the form of mosque construction; a resident is like a multi-storey tomb. He also thinks that the Kampung Laut adalah sekumpulan ulama Islam of Kampung Laut, Dr. Randhos and Nik Man Bin Nik lattice of the tower and other parts of the Kampung yang belayar dari Champa ke Jawa. Mengikut pen- Mengenai bentuk binaan masjid; penduduk Kam- Mat agreed that the mosque was originally simple, Laut mosque are in addition to the existing building. dapat Nik Man Bin Nik Mat masjid itu dibina oleh pung Laut, Dr. Randhos dan Nik Man Bin Nik Mat with only floors and a roof without walls. Ustaz Ah- This was done by the ruling party of Kampung Laut. Raja Iman atau Syed Mahmud yang berasal dari sependapat masjid itu ringkas pada asalnya iaitu Jawa. Mengikut pendapat Ustaz Nakhola masjid cuma berlantai dan beratap tanpa dinding. Ustaz itu dibina oleh Sunan Giri dan Sunan Borang atas Ahmad Nakhola berpendapat masjid dibuat seka- arahan guru mereka Sheikh Mohd Saman. Wa- ligus dengan 4 tiang seri dan 12 tiang seri diseke- laubagaimanapun pertalian dan pengaruh keatas lilingnya. Jika dibuat cuma 4 tiang seri sahaja maka masjid ini dari pulau Jawa memang nyata teruta- bumbung masjid tidak dapatlah gaya bumbung ma pada ukiran-ukirannya. bersusun-susun. Jika tidaklah menepati Senibina purba nusantara yang seperti makam berting- Pada kesimpulannya telah nyata keempat-empat kat-tingkat. Beliau juga berpendapat balai lintang tiang seri masjid dibina dari kayu cengal yang ber- menara dan bahagian-bahagian lain masjid Kam- lainan ialah asal kayu cengal tersebut. Dari cerita pung Laut adalah tambahan pada bangunan yang lisan penduduk Kampung Laut dan rencana Dr. sediaada. Ini dilakukan oleh pihak yang memerin- Randhos kayu cengal untuk tiang seri dibawa oleh tah Kampung Laut. ulama Islam itu dari Champa. Mengikut Nik Man 16

CHAPTER 1.3 : PROPERTY | HAK MILIK Since this Kampung Laut mosque was built for the purpose of worship, it does not have a special one. This mosque was for public use at that time. However, this mosque is under the supervision of those who rule the Kampung Laut area according to the constitution of the time. Looking at the old facts of the Kampung Laut mosque, it basically belongs to the architect and the builder. After that, this mosque is under the care of the government of Kampung Laut as follows: year 1762 – 1794 : The Kampung Laut Mosque is maintained by the village head there. That is during the reign of Long Yunus in the state of Kelantan year 1794 – 1857 : This mosque is supervised by the children of Long Yunus who have been given the title of King of Kampung Laut. year 1857 – 1886 : This mosque is under the responsibility of the government of Sultan Mahammad II some additions have been made such as the construction of wooden floors and walls. year 1886 – 1889 : This mosque is under the responsibility of Sultan Ahmad I where the floor of the mosque is replaced with cengal wood. year 1889 – 1900 : The mosque is under the responsibility of Sultan Mansor. He ordered the use of tiled roofs, the construction of an ablution place but the influential person there was Nik Wan Muhammad. He was the one who ordered the Sultan’s order. year 1900 – 1920 : Sultan Muhammad IV or ‘Sultan Mulut Merah’ ruled the state of Kelantan, but he did not make any changes to the mosque. year 1920 – 1966 : Kampung Laut Mosque under the care of mosque committee members until December 1966 when a major flood damaged the mosque. Replacement and replacement of damaged building materials such as the exterior wall of the mosque is converted to zinc, done by the community of Kampung Laut residents. November 1968 – 8 Mei 1970 : This mosque is under the temporary supervision of the Malaysian History Association when it was renovated and rebuilt in Nilam Puri, Kota Bharu. 8 Mei until now 1976 : This mosque is entrusted to the Kelantan Islamic Higher Education Foundation. This is for the use of students. Oleh kerana masjid Kampung Laut ini dibina untuk tujuan beribadat maka ia tidak mempunyai yang khas. Masjid ini adalah unutk kegunaan umum pada masa itu. Namun begitu masjid ini adalah dibawah penga- wasan pihak yang memerintah kawasan Kampung Laut mengikut perlembagaan masa. Melihat fakta-fakta dahulu masjid Kampung Laut pada dasarnya adalah kepunyaan akitek dan si pembinanya. Selepas itu masjid ini dibawah jagaan pihak pemerintah Kampung Laut seperti berikut: tahun 1762 – 1794 : Masjid Kampung Laut dijagai oleh ketua Kampung disitu. Itu adalah dizaman pemerintah Long Yunus di negeri Kelantan. tahun 1794 – 1857 : Masjid ini diawasi oleh anak-anak Long Yunus yang telah diberi gelar Raja Kampung Laut. tahun 1857 – 1886 : Masjid ini di bawah tanggungjawab pemerintah Sultan Mahammad II beberapa tambahan telah dibuat seperti pembinaan lantai dan dinding dari kulit kayu. tahun 1886 – 1889 : Masjid ini dibawah tanggungjawab Sultan Ahmad I dimana lantai masjid diganti dengan kayu cengal. tahun 1889 – 1900 : Masjid dibawah tanggungjawab Sultan Mansor. Baginda telah memerintah penggunaan atap genting, pembinaan tempat ambil air sembahyang (ablution) namun begitu orang yang berpengaruh disitu ialah Nik Wan Muahammad. Beliaulah yang mengarahkan perintah Sultan itu. tahun 1900 – 1920 : Sultan Muhammad IV atau ‘Sultan Mulut Merah’ memerintah negeri Kelantan, tetapi baginda tidak melakukan sebarang perubahan pada masjid. tahun 1920 – 1966 : Masjid Kampung Laut dibawah jagaan ahli jawantankuasa masjid hinggalah ke bulan Disember 1966 apabila banjir besar merosakkan masjid ini. Perubahan dan pertukaran bahan-bahan binaan yang rosak seperti kayu dinding bahagian luar masjid ditukar kepada zinc, dilakukan oleh masyarakat penduduk Kam- pung Laut. November 1968 – 8 Mei 1970 : Masjid ini dibawah pengawasan sementara pihak persatuan Sejarah Malaysia semasa ia dirombak dan dibina semula di Nilam Puri, Kota Bharu. 8 Mei hingga sekarang 1976 : Masjid ini diamanahkan kepada Yayasan Pengajian Tinggi Islam Kelantan. Ini adalah untuk kegunaan pelajar-pelajar. 17

1.4 : MAP | 1.4 : PETA 1.4.1 : MALAYSIA | 1.4.1 : MALAYSIA Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional mon- Malaysia adalah sebuah negara di Asia Tenggara. Raja berperlem- archy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separat- bagaan persekutuan terdiri daripada tiga belas negeri dan tiga wilayah ed by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and persekutuan, dipisahkan oleh Laut China Selatan menjadi dua wilayah, Borneo’s East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime Semenanjung Malaysia dan Malaysia Timur Borneo. Semenanjung Ma- border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and laysia berkongsi sempadan darat dan maritim dengan Thailand dan Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei sempadan maritim dengan Singapura, Vietnam, dan Indonesia. Malay- and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. sia Timur berkongsi sempadan darat dan maritim dengan Brunei dan Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is Indonesia dan sempadan maritim dengan Filipina dan Vietnam. Kuala the seat of the federal government, with a population of over 32 million. Lumpur adalah ibu negara kebangsaan dan bandar terbesar sementara Putrajaya adalah kerusi kerajaan persekutuan dengan populasi lebih dari 32 juta. 18

1.4.2 : STATE OF KELANTAN | 1.4.2 : NEGERI KELANTAN Malaysia is a federation which consists of 13 states (Negeri) (Wilayah Persekutuan). Eleven states and two federal territories are located on the Malay Peninsula while the remaining two states and one federal territory are on the island of Borneo. Kelantan is a state of Malaysia. The capital is Kota Bharu and royal seat is Kubang Kerian. The honorific name of the state is Darul Naim. Kelantan is located in the north-eastern corner of the peninsula. Kelantan, which is said to translate as the “Land of Lightning” (see alternate theories below), is an agrarian state with green paddy fields, rustic fishing villages and casuarina-lined beaches. Kelantan is home to some of the most ancient archaeological discoveries in Malaysia, including several prehistoric aboriginal settlements. Due to Kelantan’s relative isolation and largely rural lifestyle, Kelantanese culture differs some- what from Malay culture in the rest of the peninsula; this is reflected in the cuisine, arts and the unique Kelantanese Malay language, which is unintelligible even for some speakers of standard Malay. Kelantan is positioned in the north-east of Peninsular Malaysia. It is bordered by Narathiwat Prov- ince of Thailand to the north, Terengganu to the south-east, Perak to the west and Pahang to the south. To the north-east of Kelantan is the South China Sea. Malaysia adalah sebuah persekutuan yang terdiri daripada 13 negeri (Negeri) (Wilayah Persekutu- an). Sebelas negeri dan dua wilayah persekutuan terletak di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu semen- tara dua negeri selebihnya dan satu wilayah persekutuan berada di pulau Borneo. Kelantan Darul Naim atau nama pendeknya Kelantan merupakan sebuah negeri daripada 13 buah negeri di Malaysia yang kaya dengan sumber asli tempatan. Mempunyai keluasan lebih kurang 14,922 km², terletak di timur laut Semenanjung Malaysia, berhadapan dengan Laut Chi- na Selatan, dan bersempadan dengan Negeri Narathiwat, Thailand (lihat peta). Kelantan ialah sebuah negeri agraria (pertanian) yang mempunyai banyak kawasan tanaman padi dan perkam- pungan nelayan. Kelantan mempunyai KDNK per kapita sebanyak RM7,985 pada tahun 2006, iaitu kira-kira sebahagian kecil daripada negeri kaya lain seperti Selangor dan Pulau Pinang.[10] Lapo- ran Sosioekonomi Negeri 2017 yang diterbitkan pada 26 Julai 2018 melaporkan bahawa Kelantan mempunyai KDNK per kapita sebanyak RM13,593 pada 2017.[11] Berdasarkan pada Statistik Penduduk Suku ke-4 2019, Kelantan mempunyai seramai 2,000,000 orang penduduk. Kaum Melayu merupakan kaum yang terbesar iaitu sebanyak 95%, diikuti den- gan kaum Cina 3.8%, kaum India 0.3% dan lain-lain kaum 0.9%. Berdasarkan bancian tersebut, 95% daripada penduduk Kelantan beragama Islam, diikuti dengan agama Buddha 4.4%, Kristian 0.2%, Hindu 0.2% dan lain-lain agama 0.2%. Kelantan merupakan antara negeri yang mempunyai pera- tus penduduk Melayu yang tinggi selain Terengganu iaitu sebanyak 95% berbanding negeri-neg- eri lain di pantai barat Semenanjung. 19

1.4.3 : TUMPAT, KELANTAN | 1.4.3 : TUMPAT, KELANTAN TUMPAT Tumpat is a district (jajahan) in Kelantan, Malaysia. Tumpat is situated at Tumpat adalah sebuah daerah (jajahan) di Kelantan, Malaysia. Tumpat the end of the East Coast Line railway line operated by Keretapi Tanah terletak di hujung landasan Keretapi Pantai Timur yang dikendalikan Melayu (Malayan Railways) which links Kelantan to the western part of oleh Keretapi Tanah Melayu (Keretapi Tanah Melayu) yang menghubu- Peninsular Malaysia. This strategic location makes it the transportation ngkan Kelantan ke bahagian barat Semenanjung Malaysia. Lokasi yang hub of Kelantan. Tumpat town is approximately 15 km from the state cap- strategik ini menjadikannya hab pengangkutan Kelantan. Bandar Tumpat ital, Kota Bharu. terletak kira-kira 15 km dari ibu negara, Kota Bharu. 20

1.4.4 : NILAM PURI, KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN | 1.4.4 : NILAM PURI, KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN NILAM PURI Nilam Puri is a sub-district in Pendek district, Kota Nilam Puri merupakan sebuah mukim di daerah Bharu, Kelantan. Nilam Puri is located in Parliament Pendek, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Nilam Puri terletak P 024 Kubang Kerian. Other sub-districts in Pendek dalam Parlimen P 024 Kubang Kerian. Mukim-mukim district are Mulong, Larak, Gaung, Tunjong, Lating, lain di daerah Pendek ialah Mulong, Larak, Gaung, Kubang Kachang, and Rupek. There are a total of 131 Tunjong, Lating, Kubang Kachang, dan Rupek. Ter- districts in the district of Kota Bharu. dapat sebanyak 131 mukim kesemuanya di jajahan Kota Bharu. 21

1.4.5 : MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT, NILAM PURI | 1.4.5 : MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT, NILAM PURI MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT, NILAM PURI 22

1.4.6 : LOCATION TUMPAT AND NILAM PURI | 1.4.6 : LOKASI TUMPAT DAN NILAM PURI Image 1.2 : The original site of the mosque and the current location at Nilam Puri, about 25 km apart Gambar 1.2 : Tapak asal masjid dan lokasi semasa di Nilam Puri, berjarak kira-kira 25 km 23

CHAPTER 2 | BAB 2 RELOCATION | PENEMPATAN SEMULA 2.1 : DISMANTLING | 2.1 : MEROMBAK 24

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2.2 : ARCHITECTURE PLAN | PELAN ARKITEK Site Plan | Pelan Tapak 28

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    Overall Site Plan | Pelan Tapak Keseluruhan   30

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ROOF PLAN 33

PL3A4 N OF TIMBER FLOOR BOARD

RTH ELEVATION 35

SOUTH ELEVATION 36

WEST ELEVATION 37

2.3 : RECONSTRUCTION ON SITE | 2.3 : PEMBINAAN SEMULA DI TAPAK 38

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The Kampung Laut Mosque is believed to Masjid Kampung Laut dipercayai pada asal- be originally shaped like a wakaf. nya berbentuk seperti wakaf. Also seen is the cover of the ‘duck tail’ ridge Kelihatan juga penutup rabung ‘ekor itik’ di- at the four corners of the waqf roof. keempat-empat penjuru bumbung wakaf. Sketch of ‘Waqaf’ by Ar Zulqaisar Hamidin Lakaran Waqaf oleh Ar Zulqaisar Hamidin 40

CHAPTER 3 | BAB 3 KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE | MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT 3.1 : NILAM PURI SITE LOCATION | 3.1 : LOKASI TAPAK DI NILAM PURI Kampung Laut Mosque is considered to be the of the mosque is a three-tiered Meru roof (py- Masjid Kampung Laut dianggap sebagai masjid lantai berbentuk persegi. Atap masjid adalah atap oldest mosque in Malaysia, built in 1676. The ramidal roof). The end of ridge cap is known as tertua di Malaysia, dibina pada tahun 1676. Mas- Meru tiga tingkat (atap piramidal). Hujung topi mosque was originally located at Kampung Laut, ekor itik in Kelantanese dialect, and it symbolises jid ini pada awalnya terletak di Kampung Laut, rabung dikenali sebagai ekor itik dalam dialek in Tumpat district of Kelantan about two miles (3.2 a dragon. The way the dragon is symbolised in di daerah Tumpat, Kelantan kira-kira dua batu Kelantan, dan melambangkan seekor naga. Cara km) downstream from the town of Kota Bahru. this mosque is that it was formed into something (3.2 km) di hilir dari bandar Kota Bahru. Semasa naga dilambangkan di masjid ini adalah ia diben- During its construction, the mosque is believed called som that are located at the four corners pembinaannya, masjid ini dipercayai terletak se- tuk menjadi sesuatu yang disebut som yang ter- to sit at least three-quarters of a mile (1.6 km) of the mosque’s roof. Som is divided into three kurang-kurangnya tiga perempat batu (1.6 km) letak di empat penjuru bumbung masjid. Som from the riverside of the Kelantan River and near parts that are known as the head, body and tail. dari pinggir sungai Sungai Kelantan dan berham- terbahagi kepada tiga bahagian yang dikenali se- the seashore. The shape of buah buton at the tip of the roof is piran pantai. bagai kepala, badan dan ekor. Bentuk buah buton the result of refinements made in the shape of a di hujung bumbung adalah hasil penyempurnaan In 1967, Kampung Laut Mosque was moved from Buddhist stupa. Pada tahun 1967, Masjid Kampung Laut dipindah- yang dibuat dalam bentuk stupa Buddha. its original site to Nilam Puri, Kota Bahru, Kelantan. kan dari lokasi asalnya ke Nilam Puri, Kota Bahru, This was due to the recurring floods at its original The uniqueness of this mosque is the existence Kelantan. Ini disebabkan banjir berulang di lokasi Keunikan masjid ini adalah adanya balai lin- location, and the Malaysian Historical Society felt of balai lintang (foyer hall) and wakaf orang kaya asalnya, dan Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia meras- tang (ruang legar) dan wakaf orang kaya (gaze- the mosque was no longer safe there. The major (dignitary’s gazebo) which were built in the 1950s akan masjid itu tidak lagi selamat di sana. Banjir bo kenamaan) yang dibangun pada tahun 1950 floods of December 1966 partly destroyed the by Orang Kaya Hussein. Balai lintang is located besar pada bulan Disember 1966 sebahagiann- oleh Orang Kaya Hussein. Balai lintang terletak di mosque and left it in a dangerous condition, thus in front of the main prayer hall opposite to the ya memusnahkan masjid dan meninggalkannya hadapan ruang solat utama yang bertentangan it could not be used. For this reason, renovation mosque’s main entrance. Balai lintang was built dalam keadaan berbahaya, sehingga tidak dap- dengan pintu masuk utama masjid. Balai lintang works were carried out in November 1967 by a in 1908 at the time of Sultan Muhammad IV. The at digunakan. Atas sebab ini, kerja-kerja pengu- dibina pada tahun 1908 pada zaman Sultan Mu- group of Kelantan Malay craftsmen. minaret, wakaf orang kaya and ablution pond are bahsuaian dilakukan pada bulan November 1967 hammad IV. Menara, wakaf orang kaya dan kolam located on the right side of the main entrance of oleh sekumpulan tukang Melayu Kelantan. wuduk terletak di sebelah kanan pintu masuk This mosque is influenced by the Nusantara the mosque. The old minaret that had collapsed utama masjid. Menara lama yang runtuh pada style. The floor plan is square in shape. The roof was originally located at the front of the mosque. Masjid ini dipengaruhi oleh gaya Nusantara. Pelan asalnya terletak di hadapan masjid . 41

The traders brought with them their values and its current location. The mosque is believed to be Para peniaga membawa nilai dan budaya mereka cayai sebagai masjid tertua di Malaysia, sejak abad culture which had also contributed to the many ar- the oldest mosque in Malaysia, dating back to the yang turut menyumbang kepada banyak kosa kata ke-16. chitectural vocabulary of the region. 16th century. seni bina di wilayah ini. Penempatan semula itu diperlukan untuk The spread of Islam into Malaysia has given rise to The relocation was necessary in order to save the Penyebaran Islam ke Malaysia telah memunculkan menyelamatkan masjid daripada hancur total aki- many theories, which are also inextricably related mosque from being totally destroyed by the con- banyak teori, yang juga terkait dengan perkem- bat banjir berterusan yang disebabkan oleh ke- to the evolvement of the mosque architecture of stant flooding caused by the rising river water lev- bangan seni bina masjid di rantau ini. naikan paras air sungai yang berlaku pada musim the region. els that occurs during the annual monsoon season, tengkujuh tahunan, merosakkan landasannya dan damaging its foundation and timber supports. Masjid Kampung Laut adalah salah satu masjid sokongan kayu. Kampung Laut Mosque is one of the most promi- paling terkenal di Malaysia yang telah menyum- nent mosques in Malaysia that has contributed to The architecture of the mosque has an uncan- bang kepada penyebaran Islam di rantau ini. Ia kini Seni bina masjid mempunyai kemiripan yang luar the spread of Islam in the region. It is now set in ny resemblance to the mosque of Tuo Kayu Jao, ditempatkan di perkarangan kecil seperti kampus biasa dengan masjid Tuo Kayu Jao, Solok dekat a small campus-like compound of Nilam Puri in Solok near Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia, which was Nilam Puri di Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Masjid ini pada Padang, Sumatera, Indonesia, yang telah dibangun Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The mosque was originally built much earlier. It is possible that the architec- awalnya terletak di Kampung Laut di Tumpat, di lebih awal. Ada kemungkinan gaya seni bina dapat located in Kampung Laut in Tumpat, on the banks tural style could have influenced the design and tebing Sungai Kelantan sebelum dipindahkan ke mempengaruhi reka bentuk dan pembinaan Mas- of the Kelantan River before it was shifted inland to the construction of the Kampung Laut Mosque. pedalaman ke lokasi sekarang. Masjid ini diper- jid Kampung Laut. 42

02 6 Site plan 12 m 12m FFlolooorrpplalann 02 6 12 m 02 6 02 6 12m Reproduced from © KALAM | University Teknologi Malaysia 43

Rear elevation 02 6 12m Right elevation 44

Left elevation Front elevation 02 6 12m 02 6 12 m 45

02 6 12 m Section 02 6 12 m Section 6 12m 02 46

3.2 : THEORIES BEHIND ITS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3.2 : TEORI DI SEBALIK LATAR BELAKANG SEJARAH The typical pyramidal tier roof mosque structure The second theory was made by a scholar named Struktur masjid bumbung tingkat piramid yang Teori kedua dibuat oleh seorang sarjana bernama has been compared to the various other external Dr. Randhos Abdul Rahman Al-Ahmadi, who had tipikal telah dibandingkan dengan pelbagai pen- Dr. Randhos Abdul Rahman Al-Ahmadi, yang telah architectural influences, mainly from the Chinese, conducted a study and interviewed many local garuh seni bina luaran yang lain, terutamanya dari melakukan kajian dan mewawancarai banyak Hindu and Buddhist design elements which are people. His theory suggested that the Muslim elemen reka bentuk Cina, Hindu dan Buddha yang orang tempatan. Teorinya menunjukkan bahawa found throughout the region that predates the ar- missionaries from Champa had built the Kampung terdapat di seluruh wilayah yang menjelang keda- para mubaligh Muslim dari Champa telah mem- rival of Islam in the region. From the many studies Laut Mosque, in their quest to establish three Is- tangan Islam di rantau ini. Dari sekian banyak kaji- bangun Masjid Kampung Laut, dalam usaha mere- carried out by scholars, there are three main the- lamic centres in this region. They had brought an yang dilakukan oleh para sarjana, terdapat tiga ka untuk mendirikan tiga pusat Islam di wilayah ini. ories related to the significance of the Kampung along with them pre-fabricated building compo- teori utama yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan Mereka membawa bersama komponen bangunan Laut Mosque. nents which were assembled on various specific Masjid Kampung Laut. pra-fabrikasi yang dipasang di berbagai lokasi tert- sites. One of the sites was the original site of the entu. Salah satu laman web tersebut adalah laman The first theory claimed by a local historian, Nik Kampung Laut Mosque and the other two sites Teori pertama yang dituntut oleh sejarawan tem- asal Masjid Kampung Laut dan dua laman web lain Man bin Nik Mat, whose ancestor, Raja Iman, was were in East Java. His theory, however, puts the patan, Nik Man bin Nik Mat, yang nenek moyang- adalah di Jawa Timur. Teorinya, bagaimanapun, believed to have built the Kampung Laut mosque. Kampung Laut Mosque as a much older mosque nya, Raja Iman, dipercayai membina masjid Kam- meletakkan Masjid Kampung Laut sebagai masjid Raja Iman was said to have been a former Srivijayan than the Great Mosque of Demak in Indonesia. pung Laut. Raja Iman dikatakan sebagai mantan yang jauh lebih tua daripada Masjid Besar Demak Prince, who had come from Java to the southern Pangeran Sriwijaya, yang datang dari Jawa ke pe- di Indonesia. shores of Siam or now known as southern Thai- The third theory was submitted by Ustaz Abdullah sisir selatan Siam atau sekarang dikenal sebagai land. It was also being told that while the Prince bin Muhammad from Kampung Langgar in Kota selatan Thailand. Juga diberitahu bahawa ketika Teori ketiga dikemukakan oleh Ustaz Abdullah bin was sailing in the waters off the coast of Kelantan, Bharu. He believed that the mosque was built by Putera sedang berlayar di perairan lepas pantai Muhammad dari Kampung Langgar di Kota Bha- his ship was hit and damaged by a raging storm. two Muslim saints or ‘Wali’s’ from Java. They were; Kelantan, kapalnya terkena dan rusak akibat ribut ru. Dia percaya bahawa masjid itu dibina oleh dua He then decided to anchor off the coast to explore Wali Songo, who was known as Suan Giri and the yang marak. Dia kemudian memutuskan untuk orang suci Muslim atau ‘Wali’ dari Jawa. Mereka the area and had apparently stumbled upon a vil- other Wali was known as Sunan Bonang. Both berlabuh di pantai untuk menjelajahi kawasan itu adalah; Wali Songo, yang dikenali sebagai Suan lage of Kampung Laut. He had then instructed his came to the area to study Islam under the tute- dan nampaknya telah menemui sebuah kampung Giri dan Wali yang lain dikenali sebagai Sunan Bo- followers to build a simple and small shelter, which lage of Sheikh Mohamad Saman. The Sheikh had di Kampung Laut. Dia kemudian memerintahkan nang. Kedua-duanya datang ke daerah itu untuk was the actual form of the mosque. instructed them to build a mosque with four main para pengikutnya untuk membina tempat perlind- belajar Islam di bawah jagaan Syeikh Mohamad posts and 12-perimetre columns, a classic feature ungan yang sederhana dan kecil, yang merupakan Saman. Syeikh telah memerintahkan mereka untuk of the Javanese and Sumatran mosque architec- bentuk sebenar masjid. membangun sebuah masjid dengan empat tiang ture. utama dan 12 tiang perimetre, ciri klasik seni bina masjid Jawa dan Sumatera. 47

the use of Singgora roof tiles used as the roof covering © ATSA Architects penggunaan jubin atap Singgora digunakan sebagai penutup atap © ATSA Architects view of the multi-tiered roof of the mosque and the clay tiles © ATSA Architects the timber decorative balustrade © ATSA Architects pemandangan bumbung masjid bertingkat dan jubin tanah liat © ATSA Architects pagar hiasan kayu © ATSA Architects view of the multi-tiered roof of the mosque and the clay tiles © ATSA Architects pemandangan bumbung masjid bertingkat dan jubin tanah liat © ATSA Architects classical characteristic pillars © ATSA Architects the main prayer hall © ATSA Architects the main prayer hall © ATSA Architects tiang yang berciri klasikal © ATSA Architects ruang solat utama © ATSA Architects ruang solat utama © ATSA Architects 48

3.3 : THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE | 3.3 : ARKITEK VERNAKULAR The present mosque was restored during the reign built on the north side of the mosque. Masjid yang ada sekarang dikembalikan semasa lintang’ juga merupakan bangunan tambahan of Kelantan’s Sultan Mahmud, a Sultan who had pemerintahan Sultan Mahmud Kelantan, seorang yang dibina di sebelah utara masjid. ruled in the 20th century. The three-tier pyramidal The sturdy mosque structure is built entirely of Sultan yang telah memerintah pada abad ke-20. roof sits on a square layout of the main mosque Chengal hardwood found locally and was built us- Atap piramid tiga tingkat terletak di susun atur Struktur masjid yang kukuh dibina sepenuhn- building. The topmost roof tier is lifted to allow ing traditional construction techniques and meth- bangunan masjid utama. Tingkat atap paling atas ya dari kayu keras Chengal yang terdapat di da- for clerestory windows and was surmounted with ods without the use of any metal nails. Apart from diangkat untuk memungkinkan tingkap clerestory lam negara dan dibina menggunakan teknik dan a wooden pinnacle known as ‘buah betong’ mo- the newly added facilities, such as the ablution dan dipenuhi dengan puncak kayu yang dikenal kaedah pembinaan tradisional tanpa mengguna- tif. The roof covering materials has been replaced area, washrooms and shops, the mosque boasts a sebagai motif ‘buah betong’. Bahan penutup bum- kan paku logam. Selain dari kemudahan yang baru with the newer singgora roof tiles. tall minaret made of timber. The minaret was for- bung telah diganti dengan jubin bumbung sing- ditambah, seperti kawasan wuduk, bilik cuci dan merly located in the centre of ‘balai lintang’ before gora yang lebih baru. kedai, masjid ini mempunyai menara tinggi yang The main prayer hall is raised above 1 metre (3 feet) it was moved to the west of the mosque near the diperbuat daripada kayu. Menara itu sebelumnya from the ground by the post and beam construc- mihrab. Ruang solat utama dinaikkan di atas 1 meter (3 terletak di pusat ‘balai lintang’ sebelum dipindah- tion. It is entirely enclosed with paneled timber kaki) dari tanah melalui tiang dan balok. Seluruh- kan ke sebelah barat masjid berhampiran mihrab. walls punctured with windows and doors through- The mosque was built devoid of any excessive nya dilapisi dengan dinding kayu berlapis dengan out the prayer hall. The annex covered veranda ornamentation, with the exception of the Java- tingkap dan pintu di seluruh ruang solat. Lampiran Masjid ini dibangun tanpa hiasan yang berlebi- wing known as the Serambi Besar was added and nese-influenced carved timber mihrab. Fine intri- beranda sayap beranda yang dikenal sebagai Ser- han, kecuali mihrab kayu berukir yang dipengaruhi placed in front of the prayer hall, which is lower cate carving works are found in the wooden brack- ambi Besar ditambahkan dan diletakkan di depan oleh orang Jawa. Hasil ukiran yang rumit terdapat in height than the mosque proper. Another wing ets of the main timber posts and the finial of its ruang solat, yang tingginya lebih rendah daripada di pendakap kayu tiang kayu utama dan bahagian called the ‘balai lintang’ is also an annex building pinnacle as well as its roof eaves. masjid yang sesuai. Sayap lain yang disebut ‘balai akhir puncaknya serta atap atapnya. 49

3.4 : THE RESTORATION EFFORTS | 3.4 : KESAN PEMULIHARAAN view of the side wall made of solid timber © ATSA Architects The mosque was previously located on the banks pandangan sisi tepi dinding yang diperbuat dari kayu © ATSA Architects of the Kelantan River, which was on the verge of collapse after a massive flood which had severely view of the wood carved balustrade at the open veranda © ATSA Architects affected the floor and the soil conditions below the pandangan dari ruang terbuka veranda © ATSA Architects mosque building. As a result, the Malaysian Histor- ical Society initiated a restoration effort to rescue 50 the historic mosque building from any irreversible damage that may cause the mosque to collapse. The mosque was dismantled in 1967 by a group of local Kelantanese carpenters and was reconstruct- ed in its exact original form. After the completion of the restoration, the Kampung Laut Mosque was officially opened in 1970. In 1988, another major renovation work took place where a veranda with several other facilities was added. Masjid ini sebelumnya terletak di tebing Sungai Kelantan, yang berada di ambang runtuh setelah banjir besar yang menjejaskan lantai dan keadaan tanah di bawah bangunan masjid. Akibatnya, Per- satuan Sejarah Malaysia memulakan usaha pemu- lihan untuk menyelamatkan bangunan masjid bersejarah dari kerosakan yang tidak dapat dipu- lihkan yang boleh menyebabkan masjid tersebut runtuh. Masjid ini dibongkar pada tahun 1967 oleh sekum- pulan tukang kayu tempatan dan dibina semula dalam bentuk aslinya. Setelah selesai pemulihan, Masjid Kampung Laut dibuka secara rasmi pada tahun 1970. Pada tahun 1988, satu lagi kerja pengubahsuaian besar berlaku di mana beranda dengan beberapa kemudahan lain ditambahkan. the wooden veranda © ATSA Architects veranda kayu © ATSA Architects