CHESS HANDBOOK BY VLADEMER M. VILLAHERMOSA 11-JOULE
1 Introduction A grade 11 student named Vlademer M. Villahermosa is doing an Performance task in Physical Education at Rosario Institute. This handbook is made for school purpose. A Handbook of my chosen sport. Chess is a board game of strategic skill for two players, played on a checkered board. Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces that are moved and used to capture opposing pieces according to precise rules. The object is to put the opponent's king under a direct attack from which escape is impossible ( checkmate ) \"Chess makes men wiser and clear-sighted.” – Vladimir Putin
2 History The history of chess spans some 1500 years. The earliest predecessor of the game probably originated in India, before the 6th century AD. From India, the game spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to Southern Europe.
3 Timeline ~600 AD Around 600 AD, the Arabic game shatranj Chess is Born developed from the Indian game chaturanga, becoming the first game ~1450 identifiable as chess. Meet the mad Queen By the middle of the second millennium, chess had ~1575 already evolved considerably from its shatranj roots. First chess tournament Pawns were now allowed to advance two squares on their first move, and the familiar light and dark ~1770 checkered pattern was standard for the board. The mechanical Turk The first formal chess tournament was ~1849 organized in 1851 and witnessed the The Staunton pieces \"Immortal game\" ~1861 In 1770, the Hungarian inventor Wolfgang von It's about time Kempelen unveiled the Mechanical Turk, an automatic chess-playing “machine” that entertained and ~1886 bewildered audiences by defeating strong human First world Champion opponents. ~1972 Howard Staunton, from a really Fischer and Kasparov strong player, to chess pieces creator. ~1997 Computers Win Chess games in the early 1800s sometimes lasted more than 14 hours! There were no time ~2013 limits, and losing players would try to tire out the magnus era their opponents. The Austrian-American chess player William Steinitz became the first official world chess champion in 1886 when he defeated Johannes Zukertort in a match for the undisputed championship. Bobby Fischer against Boris Spassky in their world chess championship match. IBM shocked the world defeating for the first time, the World Chess Champion, Garry Kasparov. Magnus is undeniably one of the most prodigious chess figures in the history of the game.
4 Court Dimensions World Chess Federation recommends chess board squares be 2 to 2.5 inches (5 to 6.5 centimeters), making an entire chess board 16 to 20 inches. For example, the chessboard below will fit comfortably for play in a variety of table surfaces in most homes. It also has a helpful design for storage when not in use.
5 Rules and Regulation In the starting position, square a1 is always Black. The queen is always on her own colour, next to the King in the middle. White starts the game, afterward the players alternately move.
6 Rules and Regulation CASTLING in both directions: The King moves two squares in the direction of the Rook, the Rook jumps over the King and lands on the square next to it. You cannot castle: if the King is in check if there is a piece between the Rook and the King if the King is in check after castling if the square through which the King passes is under attack if the King or the Rook has already been moved in the game
7 Rules and Regulation EN PASSANT The possibility of en passant Pawn capture arises when the opponent’s Pawn has just moved from its starting position two squares ahead and our Pawn is next to it. This kind of capture is only possible at this time and cannot be done later.
8 Rules and Regulation PAWN PROMOTION If a White Pawn reaches the 8th (or 1st with Black) rank of the board, it must be exchanged. It can be promoted to a Queen, Rook, Bishop or Knight of its own colour. But never to a King!
9 Rules and Regulation A King is in CHECK, when it is attacked by the opponent’s piece. The King can never be captured. A King must get out of the check immediately:. by moving the King by capturing the piece that gave the check or by blocking the check with one of the pieces of his team. This is impossible if the check was given by the Knight.
10 Rules and Regulation If the King cannot escape from the check, the position is checkmate and the game is over. The player who got checkmated gets zero point and the player giving mate gets one point.
11 Rules and Regulation STALEMATE & DRAW Stalemate occurs when the player, who has to make the move, has no possible move, and his King is not in check. There are three possible results in a chess game. If neither side wins, the game is a draw and both players get half a point. A draw is half as good as a win, but much better, than losing. The different forms a drawn game are the following: Stalemate. When a player whose turn it is has no legal moves by any of his/her pieces, but is not in check. Perpetual check & three times repetition Theoretical draw (when there are not sufficient pieces on the board to checkmate) Draw agreed by the players
11 CHESS NOTATION & ORIENTATION ON THE BOARD 1. Write the symbol of the chess pieces with CAPITAL LETTERS: K, Q, R, B, N 2. The vertical files are marked with 8 letters, from left to right: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h 3. The ranks are marked by numbers from bottom to top: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Castle king side: 0-0 Castle queen side: 0-0-0 Check: + Checkmate: # Good move: ! Bad move: ? White wins 1-0 Black wins: 0-1 Draw: 1/2-1/2 Notation of a short chess game: 1. e4 e5 2.Nf3 f6 3.Nxe5 fxe5 4.Qh5+ Ke7 5.Qxe5+ Kf7 6.Bc4+ Kg6 7.Qf5+ Kh6 8.d4+ Qg5 9.Qxg5# 1-0 The bottom left-hand corner is called a1 and it's a black square. First we write down the name of the piece that moves, that is the symbol of it, which is usually the first letter of the word. For example: Qd5 means: the Queen moves to the d file and to the 5th rank. The sign of capture: x Example: Rxf5 means: the Rook captures an enemy piece on the f file and on the 5th rank. This order only changes in case of Pawn moves. We don't write the name of the Pawn, only where it moves to. In case if there is a promotion, first write on which square the promotion is, and the choice of the promoted piece is marked only at the end. For example: d8Q means: On the d file, the Pawn reached the 8th rank and was promoted to Queen.
12 Equipment The KING may move one square in any direction, so long as no piece is blocking his path. The King may not move to a square: that is occupied by one of his own pieces, where it is checked by an enemy piece adjacent to the enemy King
13 Equipment The QUEEN may move any number of squares straight or diagonally in any direction. The ROOK may move in a straight line, any number of squares horizontally or vertically.
14 Equipment The BISHOP may move any number of squares diagonally. Each Bishop can only move on the same colour squares, as it started the game.
15 Equipment The only piece that can jump over a piece - be it your own, or the opponent’s - is the: KNIGHT. The Knight can jump to any square in L shape. This is the only piece that can jump over a piece in its way.
16 Equipment The Rook may move in a straight line, any number of squares horizontally or vertically.
17 Equipment In competitive chess, a CLOCK is utilized to prevent games from going on for long periods of time A chess set consists of a chessboard and white and black chess pieces
18 The 7 Fundamental Chess Skills. 1. Visualization Visualization is the ability to see in your mind the positions reached when certain moves are made – without making them on the board – and seeing them so clearly you can accurately consider the implications of each new position. Imagine how it must be to visualize any combination of moves in your mind and being able to “see” the outcome of it. 2. Calculation Calculation refers to your ability to calculate the consequences of your opponent’s move, as well as the consequences of your intended move. 3. Tactics A chess tactic is a move (or a forced combination of moves) whereby you achieve an objective. Such objectives mostly refer to winning material or giving checkmate, but can also refer to strategic objectives, ie. using a tactic to secure a good square for your piece. 4. Evaluation / Analysis Evaluation refers to your ability to tell who has a better position and to specify which aspects of the position favors you, which aspect favours your opponent, and make a call to say which side has favourable winning chances, drawing chances, or whether the position is dynamic (evaluation can easily change) or unbalanced (factors are difficult to compare) or unclear (difficult to say – things appear messy). 5. Strategy So what is the plan? That is what strategy is all about. Bobby Fischer said “tactics flow from a superior position.” If you cannot reach superior positions you won’t get the opportunity to demonstrate your tactical powers! The purpose of your strategy is to achieve a superior position.
The 7 Fundamental 19 Chess Skills. 6. Openings All serious chess players have their favorite openings which they know in-depth. That said, you have probably heard many times that beginner or amateur players shouldn’t spend much time memorizing opening variations and that you should just apply the opening principles. This is only partly true, because even though you can do fairly well by applying the basic strategic principles to your opening moves, you will get significant benefit from knowing a few good openings. A good start to the game will have a huge impact on your overall performance. 7. Endgames The endgame starts when most of the pieces has been exchanged and it is safe for the kings to join the action. The endgame is very different to the opening and middle-game mainly because the issue of king-safety totally changes, pawns increase in value, weaknesses in the pawn-structure become much more vulnerable.
20 How to officiate the Chess Arbiter The officials in the game of chess are responsible for keeping a watch over the match in the tournament to avoid cheating and conflict between the players. An arbiter is an official who is appointed by the FIDE in the official chess tournaments. He is the one who keeps a check on the moves and positions made by the players in the game. They also keep a keen eye on the clocks of the players and must not give biased decisions. Whenever an illegality is committed by a player in the game, the arbiter is the one who is authorized to provide penalties to the player whosoever has violated the rules and regulations of the same.
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