Greenline16

°√¡ ßà ‡ √‘¡§≥ÿ ¿“æ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√–∑√«ß∑√æ— ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ·‘ ≈– ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment «“√ “√√“¬ 4 ‡¥◊Õπ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 16  ß‘ À“§¡ - 惻®‘°“¬π 2548 Quaterly Periodical No. 16 August - November 2005 www.deqp.go.th www.environnet.go.th  ∂“π°“√≥墬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ Wast Situation in Thailand ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ¿¬— ¡¥◊ ∑Ë√’ Õ«π— °àÕµ«— Electronic Waste - a threatening peril æ…‘ ¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ Toxicity of Cell Phones ç´“‡≈âßπÕâ ¬é ®“°‚√߇√’¬π«—¥°≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡ Little Sa-Leng From Wat Klang Klong Sam School

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬« : GREEN LINE °√¡ ßà ‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ Ëß‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment «“√ “√√“¬ 4 ‡¥Õ◊ π ©∫∫— ∑Ë’ 16  ‘ßÀ“§¡-惻®‘°“¬π 2548 Quaterly Periodical No. 16 August-November 2005 ∑Ë’ª√÷°…“ : Advisory Board Apiwat Sretaruqsa Õ¿‘«—≤πå ‡»√…∞√°— …å Pornthip Punchareun æ√∑‘æ¬å ªπíò ‡®√‘≠ ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√Õ”π«¬°“√ : Editor Directer √™— π’ ‡Õ¡–√®ÿ ‘ Ratchanee Emaruchi  “°≈ ∞π‘ –°≈ÿ Sakol Thinakul E-mail : [email protected] ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√∫√‘À“√ : Executive Editor  “«‘µ√’ »√ ’ ¢ÿ Savitree Srisuk E-mail : [email protected] E-mail : [email protected] °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ : Editor Staff Sornchai Moonkham Pornthip Sarikabutr »√™—¬ ¡≈Ÿ §” Pavinee Na Saiburi æ√∑‘æ¬å  “√‘°∫ÿµ√ Alongkot Srivijitkamol ¿“«π‘ ’ ≥  “¬∫√ÿ ’ Nantawan Lourith Õ≈ß°µ »√«’ ‘®‘µ√°¡≈ Atiporn Vinaikosol : Translator ππ— ∑«√√≥ ‡À≈à“ƒ∑∏Ï‘ Õµ‘æ√ «π‘ —¬‚°»≈ : ºâŸ·ª≈/‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß ‡®â“¢Õß·≈–ºŸâº≈‘µ : Owner Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment °√¡ ßà ‡ √‘¡§≥ÿ ¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ 49 Soi 30 Rama VI, Rama VI Rd. °√–∑√«ß∑√æ— ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ Bangkok 10400 49 æ√–√“¡ 6 ´Õ¬ 30 ∂ππæ√–√“¡ 6 Tel. 0-2298-5628 Fax: 0-2298-5629 °√ÿ߇∑æœ 10400 http://www.dedqp.go.th ‚∑√. 0-2298-5628 ‚∑√ “√ 0-2298-5629 Copyright Website : www.deqp.go.th  ß«π≈¢‘  ∑‘ ∏Ï‘ ºâŸ®—¥∑” : Production Technology Media co., ltd. 471/4 Phaya Thai Place, Sri-ayutthaya Road, ∫√‘…—∑ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¡’‡¥¬’ ®”°—¥ Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 471/4 Õ“§“√æ≠“‰∑‡æ≈  ∂ππ»√’Õ¬∏ÿ ¬“ Tel. 0-2644-4555, 0-2354-5333 ∑ÿßà æ≠“‰∑ √“™‡∑«’ °∑¡. 10400 Fax 0-2644-6649, 0-2354-5322 ‚∑√. 0-2644-4555, 0-2354-5333 http://www.technologymedia.com ·ø°´å 0-2644-6649, 0-2354-5322 E-mail : [email protected] http://www.technologymedia.com E-mail : [email protected]

∫Õ°‡≈à“‡°â“ ‘∫ : Free Talk °“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ„π —ߧ¡∑ÿ°«—ππ’È¡’ ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«° À≈“¬Õ¬“à ß ®π¡π…ÿ ¬‡å √“≈¡◊ π°÷ ∂ß÷ °“√ª√–À¬¥— ·≈–Õ¥ÕÕ¡ „™®â “à ¬ Õ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬‡æË◊Õ·≈°°—∫§«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬ À≈“¬§√Õ∫§√—«∂â“Õà“π ∫∑§«“¡„π«“√ “√°√π’ ‰≈π©å ∫∫— ∑’Ë 16 π’È §ß‰¥Àâ ¬¥ÿ §¥‘  °— 𥑠«“à  ß‘Ë Õ”π«¬ §«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬‡À≈à“π’È®–°àÕ‚∑…¿—¬µàÕµ—«‡√“·≈–§π∑Ë’‡√“√—°Àà«ß„¬ Õ¬“à ߉√„πÕ𓧵 ª≠í À“ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ «à π„À≠‡à °¥‘ ®“°°“√∑ª’Ë √–™“™π„™â ™«’ µ‘ Õ¬“à ßøÿÉ¡‡øÕó ¬ ®∫— ®“à ¬„™ â Õ¬¿“¬„µâ§«“¡µÕâ ß°“√‰¡„à ™‡à æ√“–§«“¡®”‡ªπì À≈“¬ ‘ËßÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ß∑Ë’∑à“π‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â‡¢â“„π∫â“π∂Ⓣ¡à„™à‡æ√“–§«“¡®”‡ªìπ¡—π°Á®– °≈“¬‡ªìπ¢Õ߇À≈◊Õ„™â„πÕ𓧵 ®π«—πÀπË÷ß∑à“πÕ“®æ∫«à“∑à“π¡’¢Õ߇À≈◊Õ„™â‡µÁ¡∫â“π ·≈–‡¡ÕË◊ «—π‡¥Õ◊ πªºï à“π‰ª¡—π°Á°≈“¬‡ªπì ¢Õ߇°“à ∑µ’Ë Õâ ß‚¬π∑Èß‘ À¬ÿ¥§‘¥ —°π‘¥°àÕπ∑Ë’∑à“π®–§‘¥®—∫®à“¬„™â Õ¬ «à“ ‘Ëß∑’Ë∑à“π°”≈—ß®–´◊ÈÕπÈ—π¡—𮔇ªìπ µÕà ™«’ µ‘ ¢Õß∑“à π‡∑“à ππÈ— ·≈â«∑“à πÕ“®‰¥â§«“¡§‘¥„À¡Êà «à“‰¡àµÕâ ߉ªÀ“ß“π摇»…∑ˉ’ ÀπÊ Õ°’ ·≈«â ·§∑à à“πÀ¬ÿ¥§‘¥°Õà π´Õ◊È ∑à“πÕ“®¡’√“¬‰¥â„À⇰∫Á ÕÕ¡Õ°’ ‡∑à“°—∫√“¬‰¥â°“√∑”ß“π 懑 »… ·≈«â „™‡â «≈“∑∑Ë’ “à πµÕâ ß∑”ß“π懑 »…π„È’ À°â ∫— §√Õ∫§√«— ‡æÕ◊Ë  √“â ß√“°∞“π¢Õß ß— §¡∑¥Ë’ ’ µÕà ‰ª∫π·ºàπ¥π‘ ‰∑¬‡√“®–¥°’ «“à ¢Õß∑’ˇ≈◊Õ°„™â‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπµàÕ‰ª°Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–∑’ˇªìπ¿“√–µàÕ —ߧ¡„π°“√ ®¥— ‡°∫Á ¬ßË‘ ∂“â ‡ªπì  π‘ §“â ª√–‡¿∑æ≈“ µ°‘ °“√¬Õà ¬ ≈“¬π“π®π·∑∫‡√¬’ °‰¥«â “à ‰¡ à “¡“√∂ ¬Õà ¬ ≈“¬‰¥âÀ√Õ◊ æ«°‡§√Õ◊Ë ß„™‰â øø“Ñ ∑‡Ë’ √“¡°’ π— §π≈–‡§√ÕË◊ ß À√Õ◊ §π≈–À≈“¬Ê ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß ‡¡ÕË◊ ¢Õ߇À≈à“π°È’ ≈“¬‡ªπì ¢¬–‡°“à ‡°Á∫°Á®–°Õà  “√æ…‘  Ÿ à ‘Ëß·«¥≈Õâ ¡√Õ∫µ«— ‡√“ ´Ëß÷ Õ“®‰¡à„À‚â ∑… °—∫µ—«‡√“·∫∫∑π— µ“‡ÀπÁ ·µ®à –§àÕ¬‡ªìπ§àÕ¬‰ª ‡√“®÷ß¡—°¡Õߢⓡª≠í À“ Ëß‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®π ‡¡Õ◊Ë ª≠í À“¡“∂ß÷ ®¥ÿ ∑·’Ë °‰â ¢‰¡‰à ¥Àâ √Õ◊ ·°‰â ¢‰¥°â „Á ™‡â «≈“¬“«π“πππË— ·À≈–‡√“®ß÷ „À§â «“¡ ”§≠— °∫— ª≠í À“ Ë‘ß·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ´ß÷Ë Õ“®®– “¬‰ª·≈«â °Á‰¥â °Õà π®–∂ß÷ «π— ∑¬’Ë “°·°‰â ¢‡√“™«à ¬°π— ‡æ¬’ ß𥑠·§§à ¥‘ °Õà π´ÕÈ◊ °®Á –™«à ¬≈¥ª≠í À“ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ‰¥âÕ¬“à ß¡“°¡“¬∑‡’ ¥¬’ « «“√ “√°√π’ ‰≈πå©∫—∫∑Ë’ 16 π’È π”‡ πÕ “√–‡°¬Ë’ «°—∫¢¬–ª√–‡¿∑ µ“à ßÊ Õ“∑‘ ¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  ∑å °Ë’ ”≈ß— ®–°≈“¬‡ªπì ª≠í À“ ”§≠— ¢Õß ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» „π¢≥–πÈ’ §≥–º®Ÿâ ¥— ∑”À«ß— «“à  “√–∑π’Ë ”‡ πÕπ®È’ –„À§â «“¡√°Ÿâ ∫— ∑“à πºÕ⟠“à π·≈– “¡“√∂ √“â ß  ”π°÷ §¥‘ °Õà π´ÕÈ◊ „Àâ°—∫∑ÿ°∑“à π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

Todayûs lifestyle has never been much easier. We consume so much that we forget to save. We have spent so much money on things we donût need for exchange of conveniences. Those who read Green Line magazine volume 16 may have thought for a moment that these conveniences will eventually cause us and our loved ones one or more problems. Todayûs environmental problems are mostly the result of the way we use and spend on things wastefully. Sometimes you bought some stuffs not because you need one. If this is the case, they will soon turn to be something antique and finally become garbage of the house. Pause for a minute before you are about to pay and think if what you are paying is something you need. Just think for a moment before spending. You may be savings so much money that you donût need to find an extra job. Spend this extra time you earn with your family to create a better society for the country. Things, we donût need, later will turn to be junk, a huge burden to society to manage. This thought also holds true for those made of plastics which require longer time for decomposition, or electric appliances that each of us own more than one. Once becoming waste, they generate toxicity to the environment surrounding us. The environmental problems may not harm us now but they are gradually threatening us and sooner or later they are coming back to haunt you. Now, we overlook the problems until to the point that they canÕt be solved or require longer time to handle. And when that time is around the corner, we then turn to look at the problem which might be too late. Before getting to that point, each of us can help by taking a moment to think before we buy. Just doing so, we all can considerably help fix the environmental problems. Volume 16 of Green Line magazine presents information on different types of waste such as electronic waste that is turning out to be the nationûs foremost environmental concern. However, the Editor team does hope that the information contained here may somehow educate you and raise awareness to all of you before you consume or spend. Editor

 “√∫—≠ : Contents ∫Õ°‡≈à“‡°“â  ‘∫ : Free Talk 3  “√§¥À’ ≈°— : Main Feature 7 -  ∂“π°“√≥墬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 18 35 Waste Situation in Thailand - ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ¿—¬¡◊¥∑√’Ë Õ«—π°Õà µ—« Electronic Waste-a threatening peril - æ…‘ ¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ Toxicity of Cell Phones ®—∫‡¢à“§ÿ¬ : Interview 24 §ÿ≥ ÿ«¿‘ “ «√√≥ “∏æ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‡¢µÕµÿ  “À°√√¡´Õøµ·å «√åª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ Suwipa Wannasathop Director of Software Park Thailand  ß— §¡ ‡’ ¢¬’ « : Green Society 43 ∏𓧓√¢¬– Waste Bank „∫ÕàÕπ : Young Leaf 49 ´“‡≈âßπâÕ¬ ®“°‚√߇√¬’ π«¥— °≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡ Little Sa-Leng From Wat Klang Klong Sam School °√π’ ‡«∫Á : Green Web 52 WEBSITE

π‚¬∫“¬ ‡’ ¢¬’ « : Green Policy 62 π‚¬∫“¬¢¬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ Waste Policy in Thailand ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬ ’ ’‡¢’¬« : Green Technology 67  √√À“¡“‡≈à“ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬™’ “«∫“â π Something to Talk about : Folk Technology - §√Èß— ·√°¢Õß‚≈°°∫— °“√„™·â ¡≈ß·°≈∫°”®¥— ¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å Novel Process of the World to Use çSurinam Cockroaché to Dispose of Organic Wastes - ‰ ‡â ¥◊Õπ¥π‘ º≈‘µªÜÿ¬ ¢®—¥¢¬– Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes  “√–πà“√⟠: Green Tips 56 - ‚√§®“°¢¬– 60 61 Waste-Related Diseases - ‚∑√»—æ∑¡å ◊Õ∂Õ◊ ∑’‡Ë ªπì ¡‘µ√°∫—  ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Environmental-Friendly Mobile - æ≤— π“∑™Ë’ “√®å ¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ æ≈ß— · ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å Developing Solar-Powered Mobile Charger  “¬¥«à π ’‡¢’¬« : Green Expressway 72 ÀâÕß¢à“« : Environment News 75

 “√§¥’À≈—° ‚¥¬ : π≈π‘ »√æ√À¡/π°— ‡¢’¬πÕ‘ √– Main Feature by : Nalin Sonnprom/Freelance Writer ¢¬–‡ªìπ ‘ËߢÕ߇À≈◊Õ∑È‘ß®“°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ·≈–°“√ Waste is residues from manufacturing process and Õªÿ ‚¿§-∫√‚‘ ¿§ ´ßË÷ ¢¬–∑—«Ë ‰ª·≈–¢Õ߇ ¬’ Õπ— µ√“¬π∫— «π— ®–¡’ consumption. While common garbage and hazardous ª√¡‘ “≥‡æ¡‘Ë ¢π÷È ∑°ÿ ªï ∑ßÈ— π‡’È πÕË◊ ß¡“®“°ª®í ®¬— À≈“¬ª√–°“√ ‡™πà waste are increasing annually, they owe the explanation °“√‡æ¡‘Ë ¢πÈ÷ ¢Õߪ√–™“°√ 惵°‘ √√¡„π°“√Õªÿ ‚¿§-∫√‚‘ ¿§ °“√ to such factors as the increase of population, consumer ¢¬“¬µ—«∑“߇»√…∞°‘®·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√®—¥°“√ behavior, and economic and industrial expansion. ¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¬—ߧ߇ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ∑È—ß„π‡¢µ Consequently, the waste management is still a critical ™¡ÿ ™π‡¡Õ◊ ß·≈–∑Õâ ß∂π‘Ë ∑°ÿ √–¥∫— ·≈–¡·’ π«‚π¡â ®–‡ªπì ª≠í À“ problem of the country both in the rural community  ”§≠— „πÕ𓧵 ª√¡‘ “≥¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ¢π÷È ®“°™¡ÿ ™πµ“à ßÊ and local one and it has shown the tendency to be ∑«—Ë ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„πªï æ.». 2547 ¡ª’ √–¡“≥ 14.6 ≈â“πµπ— /ª’ the main problem in the future. The amount of wastes generated from various community all over the country (°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) ∑—ÈßπÈ’¬—ß in 2004 was approximately 14.6 million tons/year (The ‰¡à√«¡ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ Pollution Control Department), exclusive of the waste °àÕπ∑Ë’®–π”¡“∑È‘ß„π∂—ß ´Ë÷ß not yet disposed of in the trash can, an increase of 0.2 ‡æË‘¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 million tons from that of 2003. ª√–¡“≥ 0.2 ≈“â πµπ— GREEN LINE 7

 ∂“π°“√≥å°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π Situation of Community Waste Management „πªï æ.». 2547 °√ßÿ ‡∑æ¡À“π§√¡’¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬‡°¥‘ ¢÷Èπ In 2004 Bangkok produced approximately 9,356 tons ª√–¡“≥«—π≈– 9,356 µ—π/«—π (°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) À√◊Õ of wastes per day (The Pollution Control Department) or ª√–¡“≥ 3.41 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ´Ë÷ß¡’ª√‘¡“≥‡æË‘¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». about 3.41 million tons/year, an increase of 0.01 million 2546 ª√–¡“≥ 0.01 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ‚¥¬§π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ 1 ton/year from 2003. On average each Bangkokian §π º≈µ‘ ¢¬–‡©≈¬’Ë ª√–¡“≥ 1.6 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— /«π— ´ßË÷ Õߧªå √–°Õ∫ created wastes of about 1.6 kilograms of waste per À≈—°¢Õߢ¬–∑—Ë«‰ª„π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ §◊Õ ¢¬–∑Ë’‡º“‰À¡â‰¥â day. The main component of the common waste in ‰¥·â °à ‡»…Õ“À“√√Õâ ¬≈– 34.2 æ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‚ø¡√Õâ ¬≈– 20.8 Bangkok is burnable garbage such as 34.2% of food °√–¥“…§¥‘ ‡ªπì √Õâ ¬≈– 13.6 residues, 20.8% of plastic and foam and 13.6% of paper. °“√®¥— °“√¢¬–¢Õß°√ßÿ ‡∑æ¡À“π§√ ¥”‡ππ‘ °“√‚¥¬ ”π°— The waste management of Bangkok is carried out √—°…“§«“¡ –Õ“¥·≈– ”π—°ß“π‡¢µ∑È—ß 50 ‡¢µ ´Ë÷ß “¡“√∂ by the Office of Cleaning and another 50 district offices, ‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢¬–‰¥â√âÕ¬≈– 98.5 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢¬–∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π which can collect 98.5% of the amount of wastes each ·µ≈à –ªï ‚¥¬°“√‡°∫Á √«∫√«¡¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬®“°Õ“§“√∫“â π‡√Õ◊ π year. For the collection of wastes from household, ‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡·≈– ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ÕË◊πÊ „π°“√ industrial plants, and other enterprises, Bangkok has ®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬π—Èπ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√‰¥â«à“®â“߇հ™π„Àâ contracted a private operator to dispose/treat all of ∑”°“√°”®—¥/∫”∫—¥∑È—ßÀ¡¥ ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√Ωíß°≈∫Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—° them by the correct method of sanitary landfill. In 2003,  ¢ÿ “¿∫‘ “≈ (Sanitary Landfill) ‚¥¬„πªï æ.». 2545 ¡°’ “√π” approximately 3.1 million tons of waste, or 21% of the ¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬°≈∫— ¡“„™ªâ √–‚¬™π„å À¡ªà √–¡“≥ 3.1 ≈“â πµπ— À√Õ◊ total, an increase of 0.3 million ton from 2002, were §¥‘ ‡ªπì √âÕ¬≈– 21 ¢Õߪ√¡‘ “≥∑‡’Ë °‘¥¢È÷π ´Ëß÷ ‡æË¡‘ ¡“°¢πÈ÷ ®“°ªï recycled, for a campaign, education, regulation æ.». 2546 ∂÷ß 0.3 ≈â“πµ—π ∑È—ßπÈ’‡πË◊Õß®“°¡’°“√√≥√ߧå including the support of budget and the development ª√–™“ ¡— æπ— ∏å °“√‡º¬·æ√§à «“¡√Ÿâ °“√°”Àπ¥°Æ‡°≥±å µ≈Õ¥ of the technology of waste separation were encouraged. ®π°“√ π∫—  ππÿ ß∫ª√–¡“≥·≈–°“√«®‘ ¬— æ≤— π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬„’ π °“√§—¥·¬°¢¬– For the waste management of the local adminis- tration, vicinity region, both in the urban and municipal „π¥â“π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¢ÕßÕߧå°√ areas, 106 sanitary waste disposal facilities were built ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π ‡¢µª√‘¡≥±≈ ∑È—ß„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß ·≈–‡¢µ (Figure 1). Of these sites, 3 of them are incinerators, that ‡∑»∫“≈ ‰¥¡â °’ “√®¥—  √“â ß ∂“π∑°’Ë ”®¥— ¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬∑¥’Ë ”‡ππ‘ °“√ is, Muang Lampoon municipality, Phuket municipality, and Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ ®”π«π 106 ·Ààß (√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1) ·∫à߇ªìπ Koh Samui sub-district municipality, Suratthani province ‡µ“‡º“ 3 ·Àßà §Õ◊ ‡∑»∫“≈‡¡Õ◊ ß≈”æπŸ ‡∑»∫“≈π§√¿‡Ÿ °µÁ ·≈– and another 103 sites are sanitary landfills. This, as a ‡∑»∫“≈µ”∫≈‡°“– ¡ÿ¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ ·≈–Õ’° 103 ·Ààß ‡ªìπ·∫∫Ωíß°≈∫Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈  àߺ≈„Àâªí®®ÿ∫—π„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß À√◊Õ‡∑»∫“≈ “¡“√∂ °”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‰¥âª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 37 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ ∑Ë’‡°‘¥¢È÷π  à«π∑Ë’‡À≈◊Õ¬—ߧ߄™â«‘∏’°“√°”®—¥∑Ë’‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß ‡™πà °“√°Õß∫πæπÈ◊ °“√‡º“°≈“ß·®âß „π «à ππÕ°‡¢µ √ªŸ ∑’Ë 1 ®”π«π√–∫∫‡µ“‡º“·≈–√–∫∫Ωßí °≈∫„𠧔Õ∏‘∫“¬ —≠≈—°…≥å ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ √–∫∫‡µ“‡º“ ®”π«π 3 ·Àßà √–∫∫Ωßí °≈∫ ®”π«π 103 ·Ààß Figure 1 the number of incineration and ‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« landfill systems in Thailand 8

‡∑»∫“≈ Õߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«π®—ßÀ«—¥·≈–Õߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«π result, enables the urban and municipal areas to dispose GREEN LINE µ”∫≈®–‡ªìπº√⟠—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡‰ª°”®—¥ ´÷ßË  «à π„À≠à¬—ß 37% of wastes generated. The rest are still under ‰¡à¡’ ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑Ë’∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ (°√¡ mismanagement such as waste left on the ground, §«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) open-air burning. For areas outside of the municipal regions, the provincial and district administration ¢¬–∑Ë’‡°‘¥¢È÷πÀ“°‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡‰ª°”®—¥·≈â« undertake responsibilities for collection and disposal, where ®–‡ªπì ¢¬–µ°§“â ß∑ Ë’ √“â ߪ≠í À“  ßà °≈π‘Ë ‡À¡πÁ √∫°«π·≈–‡ªπì they are still lack of sanitary landfill facilities. ¿“æ∑’ˉ¡àπà“¥Ÿ Õ’°∑ȗ߬—߇ªìπ·À≈à߇擖æ—π∏ÿ凙◊ÈÕ‚√§ ´Ë÷ß®–°àÕ „À⇰‘¥º≈‡ ’¬µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ¡πÿ…¬å °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢¬– Waste generated, if not collected for disposal, will ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’˺à“π¡“ª√– ∫ªí≠À“°“√°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‰¡à∂Ÿ° become residues creating problems, giving off smelly  ¢ÿ ≈°— …≥–Õπ— ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°∫“ßæπ◊È ∑‰’Ë ¡¡à ß’ ∫ª√–¡“≥°“√°Õà  √“â ß odor, and forming unpleasant image, as well as, »πŸ ¬°å “√®¥— °“√¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬ À√Õ◊ ∫“ßæπ◊È ∑¡’Ë »’ πŸ ¬°å “√®¥— °“√¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬ becoming germ-culture sites, which in return causes ·µ‰à ¡¡à ª’ √– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ ‚¥¬¢“¥°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√¥·Ÿ ≈√°— …“√–∫∫ detrimental impacts on human health. In the past the Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‚¥¬·π«∑“ßÀπË÷ß∑’Ë “¡“√∂™à«¬·°â‰¢ªí≠À“ process of waste collection encountered the unhygienic °“√®¥— °“√¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬„π√–¬–¬“«ππÈ— §Õ◊ °“√®¥— µßÈ— »πŸ ¬°å ”®¥— waste disposal as some areas did not have budget for ¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬„πÀ≈“¬Ê æπ◊È ∑¢Ë’ Õߪ√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¡ßàÿ ‡ππâ „À™â ¡ÿ ™π the construction of waste facilities. Some areas have ∑ÕË’ ¬„àŸ °≈‡â §¬’ ß°π— π”¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬¡“°”®¥— √«à ¡°π— Õ°’ ∑ßÈ—  π∫—  ππÿ the center of waste management but ineffective due „À¿â “§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡“¡∫’ ∑∫“∑√à«¡≈ß∑ÿπ·≈–¥”‡π‘π°“√ to its lack of management and continuous maintenance. One means to help resolve the waste management  ∂“π°“√≥å°“√®—¥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ problem in long term is the establishment of waste disposal centers in many areas of the country, with the °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…‰¥âª√–¡“≥°“√ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’¬ aim of integrating neighboring communities to jointly Õ—πµ√“¬„πªï æ.». 2547 «à“¡’ª√–¡“≥ 1.81 ≈â“πµ—π ‡æ¡Ë‘ ¢È÷π eliminate waste. The private operator should also be ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 ª√–¡“≥ 0.01 ≈“â πµπ— ·∫ßà ÕÕ°‡ªπì ¢Õ߇ ¬’ encouraged to play an important role in investment Õπ— µ√“¬®“°Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ 1.405 ≈“â πµπ— ·≈–ª√¡‘ “≥¢Õ߇ ¬’ and operation. Õπ— µ√“¬®“°™¡ÿ ™π 0.403 ≈“â πµπ— (√«¡¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬µ¥‘ ‡™ÕÈ◊ 0.02 ≈“â πµπ— ) ‚¥¬¢Õ߇ ¬’ Õπ— µ√“¬ à«π„À≠à°«à“√Õâ ¬≈– 59 ¢Õß Situation of Hazardous Waste Management ª√‘¡“≥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õª√–¡“≥ 1.06 ≈â“πµ—π ‡°‘¥¢È÷π„π‡¢µ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ (µ“√“ß∑Ë’ 1) The Pollution Control Department has estimated the amount of hazardous waste in 2004 to be 1.81 ¢Õ߇ ¬’ Õπ— µ√“¬®“°¿“§Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ «à π„À≠‡à °¥‘ ¢πÈ÷ „π million tons, an approximately increase of 0.01 million ∑«Ë— ª√–‡∑» ¡°’ “√°”®—¥‡æ¬’ ß√Õâ ¬≈– 50 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥∑Ë’‡°¥‘ ¢È÷π tons from 2003. They are categorized as 1.405 million ∑È—ßπ’ÈÕ“®¡’ “‡Àµÿ ”§—≠Ê ‰¥â·°à §«“¡§âÿ¡§à“∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®‚¥¬ºŸâ tons of industrial hazardous waste and 0.403 million tons ª√–°Õ∫°“√∫“ß «à π‡≈Õ◊ °¥”‡ππ‘ °“√®¥— °“√¥«â ¬µπ‡Õß À√Õ◊ of community hazardous waste (including 0.02 million ∫“ß à«πµâÕß°“√√«∫√«¡¢Õ߇ ’¬„Àâ¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°æÕ°àÕπ tons of infectious waste). More than 59% of the amount ®—¥ ßà ‰ª°”®—¥‡æÕ◊Ë ≈¥µâπ∑πÿ ·≈– “‡ÀµÕÿ °’ ª√–°“√ §Õ◊ °“√ of waste generated or approximately 1.06 million tons µ¥‘ µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫¢Õ߇®“â Àπ“â ∑„’Ë π°“√∫ß— §∫— „™°â ÆÀ¡“¬ ”À√∫— are in Bangkok and its vicinities. (Table 1) °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬·≈–°”®—¥¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°‚√ßß“π‰ª¬—ß ‚√ßß“π∑Ë’√—∫°”®—¥Õ¬à“ß∂°Ÿ °ÆÀ¡“¬ ‚¥¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥∑‰Ë’ ¥√â ∫— °“√ Most of hazardous waste from the industrial sector °”®¥— ª√–¡“≥ 0.69 ≈â“πµ—π are generated countrywide but only 50 % of them are eliminated. This might come from the main factor such „π¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°™ÿ¡™π  à«π„À≠à as the cost-based value which some business entities ¡’°“√®—¥°“√∑Ë’‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡ ‡πË◊Õß®“°¬—ß¡’°“√°”®—¥¢Õ߇ ’¬ choose to carry out the disposal operation by themselves Õ—πµ√“¬®“°™ÿ¡™π√«¡‰ª°—∫°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑Ë—«‰ª or some want to collect the amount of waste much ·≈–ª√–™“™π¬—ߢ“¥§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈–¬—߉¡à„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠„π°“√ enough for delivery to be disposed of in order to reduce §¥— ·¬°¢Õ߇ ¬’ Õπ— µ√“¬ ‡™πà À≈Õ¥ø≈ÕŸ Õ‡√ ‡´πµ∑å ’‡Ë  ’¬·≈«â cost. Another factor is the monitor and audit of the °√–ªÜÕ߬“¶à“·¡≈ß ∂à“π‰ø©“¬‡°à“ √«¡∑ȗߢÕ߇ ’¬ 9

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 · ¥ßª√¡‘ “≥¢Õ߇ ¬’ Õ—πµ√“¬µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑ Table 1 the display of the amount of hazardous waste based on type and region in 2004 ·≈–¿¡Ÿ ¿‘ “§ªï æ.». 2547 æ◊Èπ∑’Ë Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ™ÿ¡™π √«¡ Industry Million Community Million Total ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ≈â“πµπ— /ªï √âÕ¬≈– Area percentage ton/year ton/year 59.0 9.1 °∑¡. ·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ 0.930 0.136 59.0 Bangkok and its vicinities 0.930 0.136 8.0 7.2 ¿“§°≈“ß 0.099 0.066 9.1 Central 0.099 0.066 9.0 7.7 ¿“§µ–«π— ÕÕ° 0.117 0.028 8.0 East 0.117 0.028 100.0 ¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©¬’ ߇Àπ◊Õ 0.048 0.081 7.2 Northeast 0.048 0.081 ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ 0.115 0.049 9.0 North 0.115 0.049 ¿“§„µâ 0.096 0.043 7.7 South 0.096 0.043 √«¡ 1.405 0.403 100.0 Total 1.405 0.403 ∑¡Ë’ “ :  √ªÿ √“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥¡å ≈æ…‘ ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». Source : The summary report of pollution situation in 2547 Thailand 2004 ª ‘√¡“≥ (≈â“πµ—π)/Quantity (million tons)Õ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™à𠇧√Õ◊Ë ß§Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√å ‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂◊Õ·≈–officers in terms of law enforcement of transporting and 14.1·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë¡◊Õ∂Õ◊ disposal of hazardous waste from one factory to another that is contracted to dispose of wastes legally. The 2.2 ”À√—∫¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈ amount of 0.69 million tons of waste were disposed of. 14.3·≈– ∂“π∫√°‘ “√ “∏“√≥ ¢ÿ ∑ß—È ¢Õß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π ‰¥â·°à ¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬µ¥‘ ‡™Õ◊È ‡¢¡Á „∫¡¥’ °√–∫Õ°©¥’ ¬“ œ≈œ æ∫«“à „πªï æ.». For household hazardous waste, they are mostly 2.62545 ¡ª’ √¡‘ “≥ 16.2 µπ— /«π— ∑ßÈ— π°È’ “√°”®¥— ®–¡ ’ ∂“π欓∫“≈under mismanagement as the treatment of community 14.4∑¡Ë’ ‡’ µ“‡º“¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬µ¥‘ ‡™Õ◊È ´ß÷Ë ¥”‡ππ‘ °“√‡Õß  «à π¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬µ¥‘ ‡™ÕÈ◊hazardous waste is processed together with the ordinary ∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ∫“ß à«πÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ®–‡ªìπºâŸ√—∫‡°Á∫ garbage. And people are lack of knowledge and donût 2.8√«∫√«¡·≈–°”®—¥ ‚¥¬®–¡’‡µ“‡º“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¢ÕßÕߧå°√pay attention to hazardous waste separation such as 14.6ª°§√Õß «à π∑Õâ ß∂πË‘ ´ßË÷ µß—È Õ¬„àŸ πæπÈ◊ ∑µË’ “à ßÊ ∑«Ë— ª√–‡∑»®”π«πbroken fluorescent lamps, cans of pesticide, old batter- 10 ·Ààß (9 ®—ßÀ«—¥) ‰¥â·°à °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ππ∑∫ÿ√’ ies, including electronic waste like computers, cell phones 3.1 and cell phone batteries. 15 ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡ ’¢¬« For hazardous wastes produced by both government 12 and private hospitals and public health centers such as infectious waste, needles, blades, syringes, etc., there 9 were approximately 16.2 million tons per day in 2003. The hospital, owning infectious waste incinerators, would 6 process the disposal themselves. Some leftover infectious wastes were collected, transported, and 3 disposed by local administration. They were handled by 10 infectious waste-combustors of the local administra- 0 tion (9 provinces), that is, Bangkok, Nonthaburi, 2544 2545 2546 2547 ª/ï Year Samutsakorn, Suphanburi, Chiangmai, Khonkaen, Songkla, ª√¡‘ “≥¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π∑’ˇ°‘¥¢È÷π Phuket, and Chonburi. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment coordinated with the Ministry of Public the amount of community waste generation Health to set the national waste management and action plans, which encompass the infectious waste ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π墬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ management, in order to resolve the problem of infectious waste in the long run. The plan sets the guidance that the amount of waste utilization the local administration should have the separate system of separation, collection, and disposal of the infectious √Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ª√¡‘ “≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π墬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™¡ÿ ™π ªï æ.». 2544-2547 Figure 2 the volume of household garbage utilization in 2001-2004 10

 ¡ÿ∑√ “§√  ÿæ√√≥∫ÿ√’ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¢Õπ·°àπ  ß¢≈“ ¿Ÿ‡°Áµ waste from the ordinary garbage but focusing on the ·≈–™≈∫√ÿ ’ ∑ß—È π’È°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈Õâ ¡ integration of the same sites, and promotes the private ‰¥âª√– “πß“π√à«¡°—∫°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥∑” sector to invest and operate. ·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·Ààß™“µ‘·≈–·ºπªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√ ‚¥¬ ºπ«°°“√®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕπ’ȉ«â„π·ºπ¥â«¬ ‡æË◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√ Utilization of Household Waste ·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„π√–¬–¬“« ´Ë÷ß¡’·π«∑“ß„Àâ Õߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¡’√–∫∫§—¥·¬° √«∫√«¡ ·≈– The utilization of household waste in 2004 was the °”®—¥¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·¬°µà“ßÀ“°®“°¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑Ë—«‰ª ‚¥¬‡πâπ recycling of approximately 3.1 million tons or accounted °“√„™â ∂“π∑Ë’°”®—¥√à«¡°—π ·≈– à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡“ for 21% of the volume of generated waste (Figure 2), ≈ß∑πÿ ·≈–¥”‡ππ‘ °“√ which was in the form of 0.2 million tons of organic fertilizer and bio-water fertilizer, and approximately 2.9 °“√„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π million tons were in the form of sheet residues, paper, glass, plastics, aluminums, and tires. The recycling method °“√„™âª√–‚¬™π®å “°¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π „πªï æ.». 2547 was being processed under varied activities like second- ¡’°“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡ªà √–¡“≥ 3.1 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ hand purchase service, recycling project, waste banks §‘¥‡ªπì √âÕ¬≈– 21 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥∑‡’Ë °¥‘ ¢πÈ÷ (√Ÿª∑Ë’ 2) ‚¥¬Õ¬Ÿ„à π in schools, recyclable materials shopping complex, √ªŸ ¢Õߪ¬Üÿ Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ ·å ≈–ª¬Üÿ πÈ”™«’ ¿“æª√–¡“≥ 0.2 ≈“â πµπ— ·≈– garbage-rice-exchange, composting fertilizer method, Õ¬Ÿà„π√Ÿª¢Õ߇»…‡À≈°Á °√–¥“… ·°«â æ≈“ µ‘° Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ organic fertilizer method, etc. ·≈–¬“ß ª√–¡“≥ 2.9 ≈“â πµπ— ´Ë÷ß√ªŸ ·∫∫«‘∏’°“√π”°≈—∫¡“ „™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à®–¥”‡π‘π°“√ºà“π°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ °“√ For the utilization of industrial non-hazardous waste √∫— ´È◊Õ¢Õ߇°à“ ‚§√ß°“√º“⠪ɓ√’‰´‡§‘≈ ∏𓧓√¢¬–„π‚√߇√’¬π from the industrial sector, wastes and residues were µ≈“¥π¥— « — ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈ ¢¬–·≈°¢â“« “√ °“√∑”ªÜ¬ÿ À¡—° °“√∑” recycled at the rate of 40% of the consumption ª¬ÿÜ ™’«¿“æ ‡ªπì µâπ volume. However, the import of raw materials is still quite high. If waste and residues of the country are  ”À√—∫°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’Ë collected and transformed, it will help lessen the problem ¡„‘ ™¢à Õ߇ ¬’ Õπ— µ√“¬®“°¿“§Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ ‰¥¡â °’ “√π”¢Õ߇ ¬’ of importing raw materials. For ordinary non-hazardous ·≈–¢Õ߇À≈◊Õ„™â‰ª„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à„πÕ—µ√“√âÕ¬≈– 40 ¢Õß garbage from small and medium enterprises, they were ª√¡‘ “≥°“√∫√‚‘ ¿§º≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±å ∑ß—È π¬’È ß— ¡Õ’ µ— √“°“√π”‡¢“â «µ— ∂¥ÿ ∫‘ dumped with household waste. For waste from the large industrial sector, laws and regulation were clearly Õ◊πË Ê 0.01 ≈“â πµπ— / ª¬Üÿ 0.24 ≈“â πµπ— / applied. Other 0.01 million tons Fertilizer 0.24 million tons Utilization of Waste from Agricultural Sector Õ“À“√ µ— «å 2.61 ≈â“πµ—π/ From the data processing of the Office of Economics and Agriculture, the Livestock Department, Land Animal Feed 2.61 million tons Development Department, and Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency in 2004, it was able æ≈—ßß“π‡™È◊Õ‡æ≈ß‘ 15.74 ≈“â πµ—π/ to estimate the potential recycling of agricultural material GREEN LINE residues of up to 10 kinds, that is, rice, sugar cane, Fuel Energy 15.74 million tons corn, coconut, palm oil, cassava, peanut, cotton, and millet. There were approimately 82.23 million tons of √Ÿª∑’Ë 3  —¥ «à π°“√„™ªâ √–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ¬’ ·≈–«— ¥‡ÿ À≈Õ◊ „™â these, 18.60 milion tons, or 22.62%, of which were recycled. ∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ Most of the recycling was in the form of alternative energy/fuel about 15.74%, secondly 2.61 million tons in Figure 3 the proportion of the utilization of the form of animal feed, 0.24 milion tons of organic fertilizer, agricultural residues and waste and 0.01 million tons of others, respectively (Figure 3). 11

ª√‘¡“≥ (≈â“πµ—π)/Quantity (million tons)„π°“√º≈‘µ§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß ´÷ËßÀ“°¡’°“√√«∫√«¡¢Õ߇ ’¬·≈–¢ÕßUtilization of Waste from the Industrial 11.9‡À≈◊Õ„™â„πª√–‡∑»¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à®–™à«¬≈¥ªí≠À“°“√π” Sector ‡¢“â «µ— ∂¥ÿ ∫‘ ≈ß  «à π¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬∑«—Ë ‰ª∑¡’Ë „‘ ™¢à Õ߇ ¬’ Õπ— µ√“¬®“° 5.1Õµÿ  “À°√√¡¢π“¥‡≈°Á ·≈–Õµÿ  “À°√√¡¢π“¥¬Õà ¡ ¬ß— §ß∑ß‘È √«¡ Waste from the industrial sector consists of paper, 11.4°—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π  à«π¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ glass, plastics, metals, aluminums, and rubbers. In 2004 ¢π“¥„À≠®à –¡’¢Õâ °”Àπ¥°“√®¥— °“√¢¬–Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π there were approximately 14.6 million tons, of which 8.3 5.5 million tons, accounted for 57% of the volume of waste 12.415 in the industrial sector, an increase of 14% from 2003, were recycled. (Figure 4) 5.312 14.6 The beneficial use of wastes from the industrial 9 sector is mostly through the exchange of wastes among 6.3 factories and the exchange of material residues between 6 manufacturers, importers or distributors (Waste Exchange ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡ ’¢¬« System), through Deposit-Refund System, lucky-draw 3 campaigns via distributors, including repurchase of broken things from repurchase-second hand business 0 owners. The details are categorized according to the 2544 2545 2546 2547 ªï/Year industry (Table 2) as follows: ª√¡‘ “≥¢Õ߇ ¬’ ∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ¢πÈ÷ ®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ 1. The paper industry has the volume of recycling the amount of waste generation from the industrial sector paper of about 1.3 million tons, 38% of the total of the paper waste countrywide (3.4 million tons), an increase ª√¡‘ “≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π¢å Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ of 12% from 2003. the amount of waste utilization in the industrial sector 2. The glass industry has the amount of transformation and recycling of around 1.4 million tons, 64% of the √Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ª√¡‘ “≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π¢å Õ߇ ¬’ Õÿµ “À°√√¡ amount of the total glass wastes countrywide (about ªï æ.». 2544-2547 2.2 million tons), an increase of 15% from 2003. Figure 4 the amount of the utilization of industrial 3. The plastic industry has the amount of transfor- wastes 2001-2004 mation and recycling of approximately 0.6 million tons, 21% of the total of the amount of plastic waste coun- °“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§‡°…µ√°√√¡ trywide (about 2.9 million tons), a decrease of 5% 2003. ®“°°“√ª√–¡«≈¢Õâ ¡≈Ÿ ®“° ”π°— ß“π‡»√…∞°®‘ ·≈–‡°…µ√ 4. The steel industry has the amount of transformation °√¡ª» ÿ µ— «å °√¡æ≤— π“∑¥’Ë π‘ ·≈–°√¡æ≤— π“æ≈ß— ß“π∑¥·∑π and recycling of approximately 4.6 million tons, 90% of ·≈–Õπÿ√—°…æå ≈ß— ß“π „πªï æ.». 2547  “¡“√∂ª√–¡“≥°“√ the total amount of metal waste countrywide (about ª√‘¡“≥«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√∑Ë’¡’»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√π” 5.2 million tons), an increase of 9% from 2003. °≈∫— ¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à‰¥ â ߟ  ¥ÿ 10 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥·â °à ¢â“« ÕÕâ ¬ ¢â“«‚æ¥ ¡–æ√â“« ª“≈å¡πÈ”¡—π ¡—π ”ª–À≈—ß ∂Ë—«≈‘ ß ΩÑ“¬ 5. The aluminum industry has the amount of ∂—«Ë ‡À≈Õ◊ ß ·≈–¢â“«ø“É ß ¡ª’ √–¡“≥ 82.23 ≈â“πµπ— ´Ëß÷ ª√¡‘ “≥ transformation and recycling of approximately 0.33 °“√π”« — ¥‡ÿ À≈Õ◊ „™∑â “ß°“√‡°…µ√¥ß— °≈“à «¡“„™ªâ √–‚¬™π„å À¡à million tons, 54% of the total amount of aluminum wastes ¡ª’ √–¡“≥ 18.60 ≈“â πµπ— À√Õ◊ §¥‘ ‡ªπì √Õâ ¬≈– 22.62 ‚¥¬·¬° countrywide (about 0.61 million tons), an increase of 1% ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à„π√Ÿª¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π from 2003. ∑¥·∑π/‡™È◊Õ‡æ≈‘ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ª√–¡“≥ 15.74 ≈â“πµ—π √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªπì °“√„™ªâ √–‚¬™π„å π√ªŸ ·∫∫Õ“À“√ µ— «å2.61≈“â πµπ— 6. The rubber industry has the amount of transfor- ∑”ª¬Üÿ Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ ¡å ª’ √–¡“≥ 0.24 ≈“â πµπ— ·≈–Õπ◊Ë Ê 0.01 ≈“â πµπ— mation and recycling of approximately 0.07 million tons, µ“¡≈”¥∫— (√Ÿª∑Ë’ 3) 19% of the total amount of rubber wastes countrywide (about 0.36 million tons), a decrease of 1% from 2003. 12

µ“√“ß∑Ë’ 2 ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õµÿ  “À°√√¡√–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2546-2547 ª√–‡¿∑ ª√¡‘ “≥¢Õ߇ ’¬„π ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™ªâ √–‚¬™π¢å Õ߇ ’¬ «‘∏’°“√ Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ (µ—π) „π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ªï 2546 ªï 2547 ªï 2546 ªï 2547 µπ— √âÕ¬≈– µ—π √âÕ¬≈– °√–¥“… 3,997,600 3,352,000 1,053,000 26 1,275,000 38 ·ª√√Ÿª„™„â À¡à ·°«â 2,009,300 2,202,300 742,5000 37 1,173,300 53 ·ª√√Ÿª„™„â À¡à/ 246,300 12 249,600 11 „™´â ”È æ≈“ µ°‘ 2,841,600 2,889,600 746,600 26 603,500 21 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à ‡À≈°Á 2,632,900 5,153,000 2,139,000 81 4,648,800 90 ·ª√√ªŸ „™„â À¡à Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π¬’ ¡ 575,700 606,000 306,400 53 328,400 54 ·ª√√Ÿª„™„â À¡à ¬“ß 356,000 361,700 47,500 13 42,000 12 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à/ 24,400 7 25,600 7 „™â´È” √«¡ 12,413,100 14,564,600 5,305,700 43 8,346,200 57 ∑Ë’¡“ :  √ÿª√“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2547 Table 2 The amount of the Utilization of industrial wastes 2003-2004 Industry The amount of waste in The amount of beneficial use of waste Method Type the industry (ton) in the industry sector Paper 2003 2004 2003 2004 Glass Ton Percentage Ton Percentage Plastic Steel 3,997,600 3,352,000 1,053,000 26 1,275,000 38 Transformation Aluminum 2,009,300 2,202,300 Rubber 742,5000 37 1,173,300 53 Transformation/ Total 246,300 12 249,600 11 Reuse 2,841,600 2,889,600 746,600 26 603,500 21 Transformation 2,632,900 5,153,000 2,139,000 81 4,648,800 90 Transformation 575,700 606,000 356,000 361,700 306,400 53 328,400 54 Transformation 47,500 13 42,000 12 Transformation/ 24,400 7 25,600 7 Reuse 12,413,100 14,564,600 5,305,700 43 8,346,200 57 Source : The summary report of pollution situation in Thailand 2004 °“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ From the above data of the beneficial use of waste from the industrial sector, it has found out that ¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¢Õ߇ ’¬ most of the industries have the increased rate of the ª√–‡¿∑°√–¥“… ·°«â æ≈“ µ°‘ ‡À≈Á° Õ–≈¡Ÿ ‘‡π’¬¡ ·≈–¬“ß recycling, except the plastic and rubber industries, ´÷Ëߪ√‘¡“≥„πªï æ.». 2547 ¡ª’ √–¡“≥ 14.6 ≈“â πµπ— ‚¥¬¡’ having the reduction rate of recycling. The guideline of °“√𔉪„™âª√–‚¬™πåª√–¡“≥ 8.3 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ promotion should be undertaken in many concurrent √Õâ ¬≈– 57 ª√¡‘ “≥¢Õ߇ ¬’ „π¿“§Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ ´ßË÷ ‡æ¡‘Ë ¢πÈ÷ ®“° methods, such as, waste-exchange system among ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 14 (√ªŸ ∑’Ë 4) factories, the establishment of transforming plants, and the promotion and campaigns, etc. °“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡¥—ß°≈à“«  à«π¡“°‡ªìπ°“√·≈°‡ª≈Ë’¬π¢Õ߇ ’¬√–À«à“ß‚√ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ GREEN LINE ‡À≈Õ◊ „™‚â ¥¬°≈¡àÿ ººâŸ ≈µ‘ ºπŸâ ”‡¢“â À√Õ◊ º®âŸ ”Àπ“à ¬ π‘ §“â (Waste Exchange System) √–∫∫¡¥— ®” (Deposit-Refund System) °“√®¥— °®‘ °√√¡™ß‘ ‚™§º“à 𵫗 ·∑π®”Àπ“à ¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√√∫— ´ÕÈ◊ 13

¢Õ߇ ’¬®“°°≈àÿ¡ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√√—∫´◊ÈÕ¢Õ߇°à“ ‡ªìπµâπ ‚¥¬¡’ Problem and Trend of Waste Management √“¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥®”·π°µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ (µ“√“ß∑Ë’ 2) ¥ß— π’È in Thailand 1. Õÿµ “À°√√¡°√–¥“… ¡’ª√‘¡“≥π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â In developed and developing countries, they are „À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 1.3 ≈“â πµπ— §¥‘ ‡ªπì √âÕ¬≈– 38 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ paying more importance to environmental conservation. ¢Õ߇ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑°√–¥“…∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑Ë—«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 3.4 The environmental policies, and political, economic and ≈â“πµ—π) ´ßË÷ ‡æ‘Ë¡¢È÷π®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 12 social measures along with the international trade are connected. For example, the countries in the EU have 2. Õÿµ “À°√√¡·°â« ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â employed the ISO 14000 or the Unites States of America „À¡·à ≈–„™â´”È ª√–¡“≥ 1.4 ≈â“πµ—𠧥‘ ‡ªπì √âÕ¬≈– 64 ¢Õß have posed the trade barriers concerning the environment, ª√¡‘ “≥¢Õ߇ ¬’ ª√–‡¿∑·°«â ∑ß—È À¡¥∑«—Ë ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 2.2 including the globalization trend stimulating the many ≈“â πµ—π) ´÷Ë߇æË‘¡¢πÈ÷ ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 15 groups to be more concern of the environment. 3. Õµÿ  “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ°‘ ¡ª’ √¡‘ “≥°“√π”°≈∫— ¡“·ª√√ªŸ Thailand, one of the many countries, is facing the „™â„À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 0.6 ≈â“πµπ— §‘¥‡ªìπ√Õâ ¬≈– 21 ¢Õߪ√¡‘ “≥ environmental problem, particularly the waste manage- ¢Õ߇ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑æ≈“ µ‘°∑È—ßÀ¡¥∑Ë—«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 2.9 ment. The waste management of Thailand should control ≈“â πµ—π) ´Ëß÷ ≈¥≈ß®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 5 the volume of waste generated both from the community and industrial sectors, by encouraging the reduction of 4. Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡À≈°Á ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√ªŸ „™â wastes. The reuse/recycling of waste has affected the „À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 4.6 ≈“â πµ—𠧥‘ ‡ªìπ√Õâ ¬≈– 90 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥ reduction of natural raw materials in new production, ¢Õ߇ ¬’ ª√–‡¿∑‡À≈°Á ∑Èß— À¡¥∑Ë—«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 5.2 ≈“â π along with the decrease of waste management cost µπ— ) ´Ë÷߇æ¡Ë‘ ¢÷πÈ ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 9 and waste management facilities cost. The overall of waste management in Thailand can be summarized as 5. Õÿµ “À°√√¡Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“ follows: ·ª√√ªŸ „™„â À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 0.33 ≈“â πµπ— §¥‘ ‡ªπì √Õâ ¬≈– 54 ¢Õß ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» 1. Though the disposal of community waste, hazar- (ª√–¡“≥ 0.61 ≈“â πµπ— ) ´ß÷Ë ‡æ¡‘Ë ¢πÈ÷ ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √Õâ ¬≈– 1 dous waste from the industrial sector, infectious waste from public health centers, waste from the laboratories, 6. Õÿµ “À°√√¡¬“ß ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â and hazardous waste from overseas is under operation, „À¡„à π√Ÿª·∫∫µà“ßÊ ª√–¡“≥ 0.07 ≈â“πµπ— §¥‘ ‡ªπì √Õâ ¬≈– the overall of waste disposal is not qualified. That is, the 19 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑¬“ß∑È—ßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» disposal of wastes in many communities are not properly (ª√–¡“≥ 0.36 ≈“â πµπ— ) ´ßË÷ ≈¥≈ß®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √Õâ ¬≈– 1 ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¢â“ßµâπ®–æ∫«à“Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑¡’Õ—µ√“°“√π” ¢Õ߇ ’¬°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à‡æË‘¡¢÷Èπ ¬°‡«âπÕÿµ “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ‘° ·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡¬“ß∑’Ë¡’°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߇ ’¬≈¥≈ß ´÷Ëß ·π«∑“ß°“√ ßà ‡ √¡‘ §«√¥”‡ππ‘ °“√À≈“¬Ê ·π«∑“ߧ«∫§°àŸ π— ‰ª ‡™àπ °“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ¢Õ߇ ’¬√–À«à“ß‚√ßß“π °“√®—¥µÈ—ß ‚√ßß“π·ª√√ªŸ ‡æ¡‘Ë ¡“°¢πÈ÷ °“√√≥√ߧªå √–™“ ¡— æπ— ∏å ‡ªπì µπâ (°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« ªí≠À“·≈–·π«‚πâ¡°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ „πª√–‡∑»∑Ë’æ—≤π“·≈â«·≈–ª√–‡∑»∑Ë’°”≈—ßæ—≤π“µà“ß „À§â «“¡ ”§≠— °∫— °“√√°— …“ ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡¡“°¢π÷È ¡°’ “√‡™ÕË◊ ¡‚¬ß π‚¬∫“¬¥â“π Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡¢â“°—∫¡“µ√°“√¥â“π°“√‡¡◊Õß ‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√§â“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡™àπ ª√–‡∑»„π°≈¡ÿà  À¿“欂ÿ √ª ‰¥„â ™¡â “µ√∞“π “°≈ ISO 14000 À√◊Õª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“¡’°“√°’¥°—π ‘π§â“∑Ë’ àߺ≈°√–∑∫ 14

µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ √«¡∑—Èß°√–· ‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå∑’Ë°√–µÿâπ„Àâ°≈ÿà¡ managed in accordance with the sanitary standard GREEN LINE æ≈—ßµà“ßÊ  π„®„π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°¢Èπ÷ and environmental conservation; the disposal of waste in the public areas still exists, leaving it as the breeding ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπª√–‡∑»Àπ÷Ëß∑Ë’°”≈—ߪ√– ∫°—∫ªí≠À“ sites for insects, rats, and carrier-disease animals, includ- ¥â“π Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– ´Ë÷ß°“√ ing creating smelly odor disturbing community, or the ®¥— °“√¢¬–¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬§«√®–µÕâ ߧ«∫§¡ÿ ª√¡‘ “≥°“√ sanitary of waste disposal in the industrial sector has not º≈‘µ¢¬–∑È—ß®“°¿“§™ÿ¡™π·≈–¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ‚¥¬°“√ yet been widespread. The industrial sector currently has  à߇ √¡‘ „Àâ¡°’ “√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– ∑ßÈ— π’ȇπÕ◊Ë ß®“°°“√π”¢¬–∑’Ë produced 3 million tons of non-hazardous wastes and ¬—ß„™â‰¥â°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡àÕ’°§√È—ßÀπ÷Ëß ®– àߺ≈¥’µàÕ°“√ 1.24 million tons of hazardous ones, but the sanitary ≈¥°“√„™«â µ— ∂¥ÿ ∫‘ ∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ„‘ π°“√º≈µ‘  π‘ §“â ¢π÷È „À¡à µ≈Õ¥ waste disposal of no more than 500,000 tons of wastes, ®π∂÷ß°“√≈¥§à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–·≈–≈¥ªí≠À“¥â“π 40% of the total, are under operation. This indicates  ∂“π∑Ë’°”®—¥¢¬– „π¿“æ√«¡ªí≠À“¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õß that most of hazardous waste from the industrial sector ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ “¡“√∂ √ªÿ ‰¥â ¥—ßπÈ’ is improperly disposed of. Most of local administration is inefficient in handling the infectious waste disposal. It 1. °“√°”®¥— ¢¬–®“°™¡ÿ ™π ¢¬–Õπ— µ√“¬®“°¿“§Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ has been found that most of the public health centers ¢¬–µ‘¥‡™È◊Õ®“° ∂“π欓∫“≈ ¢¬–®“°ÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ particularly in the private sectors do not have their own «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈–¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ·¡â®–¡’°“√ infectious-waste-combustors, that is, the disposal of ¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬àŸ·≈â«„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ·µà„π¿“æ√«¡·≈â«°“√°”®—¥ infectious wastes is not processed at its origin and the ¢¬– «à π„À≠¬à ß— ‰¡‰à ¥¡â “µ√∞“π °≈“à «§Õ◊ °“√°”®¥— ¢¬–™¡ÿ ™π collection of infectious waste of the public health cen- À≈“¬·Ààߥ”‡π‘π°“√‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ ·≈–°“√ ters are improperly handled, causing the mix of some √—°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’°“√°Õß∑‘Èß°≈“ß·®âß ª≈àÕ¬„À⇪ìπ·À≈àß of the infectious waste with the ordinary ones. ‡æ“–æ—π∏¢åÿ Õß·¡≈ß ÀπŸ ·≈– µ— «åπ”‚√§ √«¡∑—Èß àß°≈‘πË ‡À¡πÁ √∫°«πµàÕ™ÿ¡™π À√◊Õ°“√°”®—¥¢¬–®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑Ë’ Moreover, there is continuous import of products or ∂°Ÿ µÕâ ßµ“¡À≈°—  ¢ÿ “¿∫‘ “≈¬ß— ¥”‡ππ‘ °“√‰¡∑à «—Ë ∂ß÷ ‚¥¬„πª®í ®∫ÿ π— those considered hazards from overseas as raw materials ¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¢¬–‰¡Õà π— µ√“¬ª√–¡“≥ 3 ≈“â πµ—π/ªï for domestic production, without strict control. The material ·≈–¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬ª√–¡“≥ 1.24 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ·µà¡’°“√𔉪 residues from those goods or products are hazardous °”®—¥Õ¬“à ß∂°Ÿ À≈—° ¢ÿ “¿∫‘ “≈‰¡‡à °‘π 5 · πµ—π/ªï À√◊Õ 40% wastes to community and the researches of laboratories ¢Õß∑È—ßÀ¡¥ ´÷Ëß· ¥ß«à“¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ form both government and private sectors and institutions ®”π«π¡“°‰¡à‰¥â∂Ÿ°°”®—¥Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß µ≈Õ¥®πÕߧå°√ use hazardous chemicals, which might be disposed to ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π à«π„À≠࢓¥»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– public areas without the appropriate technical method µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ ∂“π欓∫“≈ à«π„À≠à‚¥¬‡©æ“–¿“§ of disposal. ‡Õ°™π‰¡à¡’‡µ“‡º“¢¬–µ‘¥‡™ÕÈ◊ ¢Õßµπ‡Õß °≈à“«§Õ◊ °“√°”®—¥ ¢¬–µ‘¥‡™È◊Õ¬—߉¡à§√∫∑ÿ°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ ·≈–°“√√«∫√«¡¢¬– 2. The rate of all types of wastes is in the rising µ‘¥‡™È◊Õ¢Õß ∂“π欓∫“≈¬—ß∑”‰¡à∂Ÿ°«‘∏’ ∑”„À⢬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ trend, so does the waste generated from the business, ∫“ß à«πª–ªπ°∫— ¢¬–∑—«Ë ‰ª trade, and industrial sectors due to the economic expansionûs rate. This trend owes to the lack of economic πÕ°®“°πÈ’¡’°“√π”‡¢â“º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ√◊Õ ‘ËߢÕß∑Ë’∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ tools to encourage people, schools, educational institutions, ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡πË◊Õ߇æ◊ËÕπ”‡¢â“¡“‡ªìπ community, and private businesses to reduce the volume «—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫ ”À√—∫°“√º≈‘µ ‘π§â“¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¢“¥°“√ of waste and promote its reuse/recycling. There are no §«∫§ÿ¡∑Ë’√—¥°ÿ¡ ´÷Ëß«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â®“° ‘π§â“À√◊Õº≈‘µ¿—≥±å measures in promoting the second-hand repurchase ‡À≈“à ππ—È ‡ªπì ¢¬–Õπ— µ√“¬µÕà  “∏“√≥– ·≈–®“°°“√»°÷ …“«®‘ ¬— business, packaging residues, and excessive materials „πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ∑ȗߢÕß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π that are difficult to dispose. Also there is no clear policy ·≈– ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“µà“ßÊ ¡’°“√„™â “√‡§¡’∑’ˇªìπÕ—πµ√“¬ from the government based on çthe polution creator is ´ß÷Ë Õ“®¡°’ “√√–∫“¬  àŸ “∏“√≥–‚¥¬∑¬Ë’ ß— ‰¡¡à °’ “√°”®¥— ∑∂Ë’ °Ÿ µÕâ ß the one who pays,é as set in the Development Plan µ“¡À≈—°«‘™“°“√ Number 9 to motivate us to reduce the amount of waste 2. Õµ— √“°“√º≈µ‘ ¢¬–∑°ÿ ª√–‡¿∑¢Õߪ√–™“™π¡·’ π«‚π¡â 15

‡æ¡‘Ë ¢πÈ÷ √«¡∑ß—È °“√º≈µ‘ ¢¬–„π¿“§∏√ÿ °®‘ °“√§“â Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ and promote its reuse/recycling. ¡’Õ—µ√“‡æ‘Ë¡¢È÷πµ“¡°“√¢¬“¬µ—«∑“߇»√…∞°‘® ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¬—ß 3. The waste disposal laws have regulated many ‰¡¡à °’ “√„™‡â §√Õ◊Ë ß¡Õ◊ ∑“߇»√…∞»“ µ√„å π°“√®ßŸ „®„Àªâ √–™“™π ‚√߇√¬’ π  ∂“∫π— °“√»°÷ …“ ™¡ÿ ™π ·≈–∏√ÿ °®‘ ‡Õ°™π ≈¥ª√¡‘ “≥ agencies to be held responsible for waste management, ¢¬–·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à ·≈–¬—ß thus, creating frustration and behavior deviated from ‰¡à¡’¡“µ√°“√ à߇ √‘¡∏ÿ√°‘®√—∫´◊ÈÕ§◊π´“°∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å·≈–«— ¥ÿ the social rules among people and private sectors which ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑Ë’¡’°“√„™âÕ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬À√◊Õ°”®—¥¬“° µ≈Õ¥®π¬—ß are abided by law. As for the officials, who are responsible ‰¡¡à ’¡“µ√°“√¢Õß√—∞µ“¡À≈—°°“√ 纰⟠àÕ¡≈æ‘…‡ªπì ºâ®Ÿ à“¬é ∑Ë’ for waste management, are also confused of their °”À𥉫â„π·ºπæ≤— π“œ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 9 ∑™Ë’ ¥— ‡®π ‡æËÕ◊ ®ßŸ „®„À≈â ¥ authorities and duties, and there is the problem of ª√¡‘ “≥¢¬–·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™π„å À¡à coordination between agencies involved both in the central and local administrations. 3. °ÆÀ¡“¬¥“â π°“√®¥— °“√¢¬–°”Àπ¥„À¡â À’ ≈“¬Àπ«à ¬ß“π 4. The cost of waste disposal technology remains ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π‡√◊ËÕߢ¬– ∑”„Àâª√–™“™πÀ√◊Õ‡Õ°™π´Ë÷ßµâÕß∂Ÿ° high and the hygienic manufacturing process has not ∫—ߧ—∫„™âµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬‡°‘¥§«“¡ —∫ π ‡°‘¥æƒµ‘°√√¡∑Ë’ yet been widely supported. The cost of technology of ‡∫’ˬ߇∫π®“°°Æ‡°≥±å¢Õß —ߧ¡  à«π‡®â“Àπâ“∑Ë’¥â“π°“√ waste disposal widely deployed in Thailand today, such ®—¥°“√¢¬–¡’§«“¡ —∫ π‰¡à·πà„®„πÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑Ë’ √«¡∑—Èß¡’ as landfills, combustors, and composting, remains high ªí≠À“°“√ª√– “πß“π√–À«à“ßÀπ૬ߓπ∑Ë’‡°Ë’¬«¢âÕß∑È—ß„π and most of them are under patent form overseas, thus  à«π°≈“ß·≈– «à π∑âÕß∂Ëπ‘ „π°“√®¥— °“√¢¬– creating burdens to the cost of local administration and private sector of Thailand. It is, therefore, necessary 4. ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’‡æ◊ËÕ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¬—ß¡’√“§“·æß·≈– to find the cheap, effective, and sanitary technology °√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ∑Ë’ –Õ“¥¬—߉¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√π” to dispose of wastes as set by the Pollution Control ¡“„™âÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬ °≈à“«§◊Õ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ”À√—∫°”®—¥¢¬– Department. „πª®í ®∫ÿ π— ∑„’Ë ™Õâ ¬“à ß·æ√Àà ≈“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡™πà °“√Ωßí °≈∫ °“√„™â‡µ“‡º“ ·≈–°“√À¡°— ª¬ÿÜ ‡ªπì µâπ ¬—ß¡√’ “§“·æß ·≈–¡’ 5. People, local community and private organizations ≈‘¢ ‘∑∏Ï‘®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à ∑”„À⇪ìπ¿“√– have not yet been promoted to be part of the waste §à“„™â®à“¬·°àÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π¢Õß management with the government sector. ‰∑¬ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπµâÕß®—¥À“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑’Ë¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈– “¡“√∂ °”®¥— ¢¬–‰¥∂â °Ÿ À≈°—  ¢ÿ “¿∫‘ “≈µ“¡∑°’Ë √¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ °”Àπ¥ 6. People in general are still lack of knowledge in waste management ranging from the separation of 16

5. ª√–™“™π ™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·≈–Õߧå°√¿“§‡Õ°™π¬—ß waste, the reuse/recycling of it, and the establishment ‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–√à«¡°—∫ of waste banks, including responsibilities and disciplines ¿“§√∞— Õ¬“à ߇撬ßæÕ of waste in the public. 6. ª√–™“™π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¬—ߢ“¥Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ„π°“√®—¥°“√ 7. The problem of waste management from the ¢¬– µßÈ— ·µ°à “√§¥— ·¬°¢¬– °“√π”°≈∫— ¡“„™ªâ √–‚¬™π„å À¡à ·≈– industrial plants exists. Dumping waste from the manu- °“√®¥— µßÈ— ∏𓧓√¢¬– √«¡∑ß—È √∫— º¥‘ ™Õ∫·≈–°“√¡«’ π‘ ¬— „π‡√ÕË◊ ß facturing process to the environment is detrimental, ¢¬–µàÕ «à π√«¡ though these wastes might be useful for other industrial plants. And most of industrial factories donÕt adopt the 7. ª≠í À“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–®“°‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ¡°’ “√ use of clean technology and the manufacturing process, ∑È‘ß°“°¢Õ߇ ’¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡®“°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µÕÕ° àŸ¿“«– creating excessive energy consumption and increased ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑—Èß∑Ë’°“°¢Õ߇ ’¬¥—ß°≈à“«Õ“®‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå°—∫ of industrial wastes, harmful to the environment. ‚√ßß“πÕµÿ  “À°√√¡·Àßà Õπ◊Ë ·≈–‚√ßß“πÕµÿ  “À°√√¡ «à π„À≠à ¬—߉¡àπ”‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ –Õ“¥¡“„™â„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ ∑”„Àâ Summary  ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õßæ≈—ßß“π·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡°“°¢Õ߇ ’¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’ˇªìπ æ‘…µÕà  ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ The problem of waste in Thailand is still on the rise though the waste disposal and its reuse/recycling have  √ÿª been increased. The policies and measures of waste disposal, focusing on the maximization of effective waste ªí≠À“¢¬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ߧߡ’·π«‚π⡇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·¡â®– reduction, have succeeded at one level but the long- ¡’°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢¬–𔉪∑”≈“¬·≈–π”°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à‡æË‘¡¢÷Èπ term solution to the waste problem heavily counts on µ≈Õ¥®π¡’¡“µ√°“√π‚¬∫“¬µà“ßÊ „π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–‚¥¬¡ÿàß the cooperation and consciousness of all the people. µÕâ ß°“√„À≈â ¥ª√¡‘ “≥¢¬–≈ß„À‰â ¥¡â “°∑ Ë’ ¥ÿ Õ¬“à ß¡ª’ √– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ Organizations, therefore, both government and private ´÷Ëß°Áª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®„π√–¥—∫ÀπË÷ß ·µà°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¢¬– sectors should cooperate in promoting consciousness of Õ¬“à ߬ßË— ¬π◊ ¢π÷È Õ¬°Ÿà ∫— §«“¡√«à ¡¡Õ◊ ·≈–®µ‘  ”π°÷ ¢Õߪ√–™“™π cleanliness, littering in proper places, separation of waste „𙓵‘∑ÿ°§π ¥—ßπÈ—πÕߧå°√∑—Èß¿“§√—∞·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π§«√ before dumping in the dumpsters, for Thailand to be a √«à ¡¡Õ◊ °π— √≥√ߧ å √“â ß®µ‘  ”π°÷ „À°â ∫— ª√–™“™πÕ¬“à ßµÕà ‡πÕË◊ ß better, cleaner, beautiful, and better-environmental place „π°“√√—°…“§«“¡ –Õ“¥ ∑‘ßÈ ¢¬–„À∂â Ÿ°∑Ë’ §¥— ·¬°¢¬–°àÕπ∑‘Èß for living. People are happy and so is their quality of „π∑Ë’°”Àπ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπª√–‡∑»πà“Õ¬àŸ  –Õ“¥ life.  «¬ß“¡ ·≈–¡’ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑Ë’¥’ ºŸâ§π¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢·≈–∑”„Àâ §≥ÿ ¿“晫’ ‘µ¢Õߧπ„𙓵‘¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿ∑à ¥Ë’ ’µàÕ‰ª Õ“â ßÕß‘ Reference 1.  √ÿª ∂“π°“√≥¡å ≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2545, 1. The summary of pollution situation in °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ Thailand, 2002-2004 2.  √ªÿ  ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ…‘ ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2546, 2. Opinions and Suggestions of the Thailand °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ Waste Management by National Economic and Social Advisory Council, 2004 3.  √ªÿ  ∂“π°“√≥¡å ≈æ‘…¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2547, °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ GREEN LINE 4. §«“¡‡ÀπÁ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡√ÕË◊ ßπ‚¬∫“¬°“√®¥— °“√¢¬–¢Õ߉∑¬ ‚¥¬ ¿“∑’ªË √°÷ …“‡»√…∞°®‘ ·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ªï æ.». 2547 17

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡¢’¬« “√§¥’À≈—° ‚¥¬ :  ÿ¥“√—™  ‘ßÀ‚°«‘π∑å Main Feature by : Sudarach Singhagowin ¡Õ߉ª∑“߉Àπ‰¡«à “à ®–Õ¬∫Ÿà π√∂‡¡≈å ∫π∑Õâ ß∂ππ „π∫“â π „π∑∑’Ë ”ß“π ∑°ÿ ∑Ë’ ∑°ÿ ·Àßà ‡√“®–‡ÀπÁ ¿“æ°“√„™‚â ∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ ‡ªπì ‡À¡Õ◊ π°®‘ «µ— √ª√–®”«π— ¢Õß∑°ÿ §π ‡¡Õ◊Ë ®–µ◊Ëπ¢πÈ÷ ¡“  Ë‘ß·√°∑Ë’§π„π‡¡Õ◊ ß —¡º — ∂Ⓣ¡„à ™‚à ∑√»æ— ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ °Á√‚’ ¡µ∑’«’ √‚’ ¡µ‡§√ÕË◊ ߪ√∫— Õ“°“» √Õ∫µ«— ‡√“¡·’ µÕà ªÿ °√≥Õå ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  ∑å ßÈ—  πÈ‘ ‡√“¡Õ߇ÀπÁ ·µà§«“¡ –¥«°·≈–§ÿ≥ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√„™âß“π ·µàÕ’°¡ÿ¡∑’ˇ√“Õ“®¡Õߢⓡ... 1∑√“∫‰À¡„π∑°ÿ ª®ï –¡‚’ ∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ ·≈–§Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√Àå ≈“¬· π‡§√ÕË◊ ß∂°Ÿ 𔉪 Ωíß°≈∫·≈–‡º“∑È‘ß ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑—Ë«‚≈°°”≈—߇æ‘Ë¡¢È÷πÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ‚¥¬„π·µ≈à –ª®ï –¡¡’ “°∂÷ß 20-50 ≈â“πµ—π∑‡’ ¥’¬« Wherever we look-on the bus, on the road, at home, in workplace, everywhere, we see a picture of people using mobile phones as if itûs everyoneûs routine. Once being awake, first thing people in a big city touches, if not a mobile phone, is either a TV remote control, or an air conditioning remote control. All around us is electronics equipment. We only see one side of a coin, that is, conveniences and benefits. But there is another view we might overlook... 1Do you know that hundred thousands of cell phones and computer will be buried in landfills and burnt annually? The amount of this electronic waste of the world is increasing drastically with 20-50 million tons a year. 18

碬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åé ‰¡à‰¥â®”°—¥Õ¬Ÿà·§à‡æ’¬ß¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°—∫ çElectronic wasteé is not limited to only cell phone, GREEN LINE §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å‡∑à“πÈ—π ¬—ß√«¡‰ª∂÷߇§√Ë◊Õß„™â‰øøÑ“Õ◊ËπÊ ¥â«¬ but also included other electric appliances. We today ªí®®ÿ∫—ππÈ’‡√“°”≈—ß πÿ°·≈–µË◊π‡µâπ°—∫°“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ®π are having fun and excited of the use of technology so À≈ß≈◊¡«à“ Ë‘ßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ‡À≈à“π’È „π much that we forget that the excessive convenience of Õ𓧵‰¡à‰°≈®–°àÕªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„Àâ¬âÕπ°≈—∫¡“À“‡√“ these will in the near future become the environmental À≈“¬∑“à π∂Õ◊ ¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ √πÿà ‰Œ‡∑§·µ„à ™‰â ¡‡à ªπì „™·â §√à ∫—  “¬ ‚∑√ÕÕ° problem, a payback to us. Many of us own a hi-tech À√Õ◊  àߢÕâ §«“¡ ‰¡‰à ¥â„™‡â µ¡Á ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õßµ«— ‡§√ÕË◊ ß À√Õ◊ cell phone but use only the features of ringing in and ∂â“≈Õßæ‘®“√≥“ Ë‘ß√Õ∫µ—«¢Õß∑à“π«à“Õ–‰√∑’ˇªìπÕÿª°√≥å out or sending SMS. A full effective capacity of the cell Õ‘‡≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  ∫å â“ß ·≈«â ≈Õß∫—π∑÷°‡ªìπ≈”¥∫— ¡“ ∑“à πÕ“®æ∫ phone has not been fully exploited. Or come to con- µ—«‡≈¢∑Ë’πà“µ°„® ∑Ë’∑à“π¡’‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ¡“°¡“¬ sider things around you; what are electronics equip- ¢π“¥‰À𠧫“¡§¥‘ ∑µ’Ë π◊È ‡¢π‘ π°’È ”≈ß—  √“â ß∞“πª≠í À“ ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ment and then list them down. You might find some „πÕ𓧵„Àâ¡—Ëπ§ß¡“°¢È÷π ¿—¬√⓬∑Ë’®–µ“¡¡“„πÕ𓧵¬—ß intriguing figures and realize you own excessive elec- ·Õ∫´Õà πÕ¬à„Ÿ π¡ÿ¡¡◊¥ ‰¡¬à Õ¡· ¥ß¿¬— ÕÕ°¡“„Àâ‡ÀÁπ®π°«“à tronic tool more than you need. This shallow thought is ®–∂÷ß«—π∑Ë’¬“°·°â‰¢·≈â«πË—π·À≈–‡√“®÷ß®–‡ÀÁπ‚∑…¿—¬¢Õß creating the secure fundamental for the problematic ¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ‘° ‡å À≈“à π’È environment in the future. The coming catastrophe is hiding itself in the dark, not yet exerting its power until ª®í ®∫ÿ π— π‡’È √“„™°â “√Ωßí °≈∫„π°“√°”®¥— ¢¬– ´ß÷Ë µÕâ ß¡¢’ ¬– the day itûs difficult to be dealt with. And that is when Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  ªå –ªπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß·ππà Õπ ‚¥¬ “√æ…‘ ‡À≈“à πÈ’°Á®– we come into the reality of perils the electronic waste ·∑√°´¡÷   Ÿà ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡·≈–„π∑ ’Ë ¥ÿ °«Á °°≈∫— ¡“À“¡π…ÿ ¬πå π—Ë ‡Õß causes. °≈¡àÿ ‡ ¬’Ë ß∑®Ë’ –‰¥√â ∫—  “√æ…‘ ®“°¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  ‡å À≈“à πÈ’ We today use landfill as a method of waste disposal, §◊Õ §πß“π∑’˪√–°Õ∫°“√„π‚√ßß“π∑”‰ø©“¬·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ which unavoidably contains electronic waste. These toxic À√◊Õ§πß“π‡°Á∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ™“«∫â“π∑Ë’¡“¢ÿ¥§ÿ⬢¬– ·≈– substances will linger to the environment and definitely ª√–™“™π∑Ë’Õ“»—¬Õ¬àŸ√Õ∫Ê  ∂“π∑Ë’°”®—¥¢¬– ‚¥¬ “√æ‘… bounce back to human. ‡À≈“à π ’È “¡“√∂‡¢“â  √àŸ “à ß°“¬‚¥¬°“√À“¬„®‡Õ“ΩπÉÿ ·≈–‰Õ√–‡À¬ ‡¢â“‰ª À√◊Õ‚¥¬°“√°‘πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ “√¥—ß°≈à“«ªπ‡ªôóÕπ À√◊Õ The groups at risk of hazardous substances exposure ¥Ÿ¥´¡÷ º“à π∑“ߺ‘«Àπß— include workers in facilities producing flashlight and battery 19

 ”À√∫— ª√–™“™π∑«Ë— ‰ª§«√√–¡¥— √–«ß— „π°“√„™·â ≈–°”®¥— or waste workers, scavengers, and people living around Õÿª°√≥Õå ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™πà ‰¡à§«√π”Õªÿ °√≥åÕ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å the waste disposal facility. These toxic substances can ∑‡’Ë  ÕË◊ ¡§≥ÿ ¿“æ·≈«â °≈∫— ¡“„™Õâ °’ ‰¡∑à ß‘È ´“°∑„’Ë ™·â ≈«â ≈ß ·Ÿà À≈ßà be absorbed into the body through breathing of dust πÈ” ∑Õà √–∫“¬π”È À√◊Õ𔉪‡º“ ·≈–§«√À≈°’ ‡≈’ˬ߰“√ —¡º — and vapor or eating food that is contaminated by the °—∫´“°Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë·µ°À—° ¡’°“√√Ë—«‰À≈ “√‡§¡’ said substances or absorbing through skin. ‚¥¬µ√ß ‡πË◊Õß®“°Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å√«¡∂÷ß·ºß«ß®√ Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  µå “à ßÊ ¡‚’ ≈À–Àπ°— ·≈– “√‡§¡‡’ ªπì Õߧªå √–°Õ∫ For people in general, they should be careful when Õ¬¥àŸ «â ¬ ´ß÷Ë ®–‡ªπì Õπ— µ√“¬µÕà  ¢ÿ ¿“æ√“à ß°“¬À“°¡°’ “√ ¡— º — using and eliminating this electronic appliances, for ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“π example, do not reuse decayed electronic equipment, do not dispose its residues into water source, sewage, µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß‚≈À–Àπ—°∑Ë’‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫„πÕÿª°√≥å or burning and avoid direct contact with broken elec- Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å tronic residues, which cause direct leakage of chemical substances because these electronic tools as well as  “√µ–°Ë«— ´ßË÷  à«π„À≠¡à “®“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë  ”À√—∫Õªÿ °√≥å printed circuit boards contain heavy metals and chemi- Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åÕ◊ËπÊ ‰¥â·°à ·ºπ«ß®√æ‘¡æå (PCB) æ∫ “√ cal substances as constituents, which are detrimental to µ–°—Ë«ª√–¡“≥ 50 °√—¡/µ“√“߇¡µ√ À≈Õ¥¿“æ√—ß ’·§‚∑¥ health if contact in long period. µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π‡©≈ˬ’ ¢Õߺ≈µ‘ ¿—≥±å‡§√ËÕ◊ ß„™‰â øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å Table 1 The average life span of electric appliances and electronics products º≈‘µ¿—≥±å/ Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™ßâ “π‡©≈ˬ’ / Product Average Life Span ‚∑√∑—»πå / Television 18 ª/ï years µâ‡Ÿ ¬Áπ / Refrigerator 14 ª/ï years ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß´°— ºâ“ / Washing machine 12 ª/ï years ‡§√Ë◊Õߪ√—∫Õ“°“» / Air Conditioning 10 ª/ï years ‡§√◊ËÕߧա摫‡µÕ√å / Computer 7 ªï/years ®Õ§Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√å·∫∫ CRT / Cathode ray tube-computer monitor 9 ªï/years ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß‚∑√»æ— ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ / Mobile phone 2 ª/ï years ·∫µ‡µÕ√’‚Ë ∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ / Mobile phone battery 1 ªï/year À≈Õ¥ø≈ÕŸ Õ‡√ ‡´πµå / Fluorescent lamp 1 ª/ï year ∂“à π‰ø©“¬ / Battery 2 ‡¥Õ◊ π/months ∑’Ë¡“: °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, 2547 ‚§√ß°“√®¥— ∑”¡“µ√°“√‡√’¬°§π◊ ´“°º≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±‡å §√◊ÕË ß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å Source: The Pollution Control Department, 2004 The Project of Measures on the Recovery of Residues of Electric ‡ â π∑“ß ’‡¢’¬« 20

(CRTs) ¢Õ߮էա櫑 ‡µÕ√å 1 ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß æ∫ “√µ–°«—Ë ª√–¡“≥ Examples of Heavy Metals of Electronic GREEN LINE 0.4 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ‚∑√∑—»πå 1 ‡§√◊ËÕß æ∫ “√µ–°—Ë«ª√–¡“≥ 2 Equipment as Constituents °‚‘ ≈°√¡— À≈Õ¥‰øø“Ñ ø≈ÕŸ Õ‡√ ‡´π °å ¡Á  ’ “√µ–°«Ë— ‡ªπì Õߧªå √–°Õ∫ ¥â«¬‡™àπ°—π Lead mostly contains in battery. Other electronic appliances contain lead include printed circuit board ·§¥‡¡¬’Ë ¡ ¡°— æ∫„π·ºπà «ß®√ PCB µ«— µ“â π∑“π À≈Õ¥¿“æ (PBC) containing 50 grams of lead per square meter, √—ß ·’ §‚∑¥ œ≈œ cathode ray tubes (CRTs) of a computer monitor con- taining about 0.4 kilograms of lead, a television set ª√Õ∑ ¡—°æ∫„π «‘µ™å§«∫§ÿ¡°“√ªî¥-‡ªî¥ ·ºàπ«ß®√ containing about 2 kilograms of lead, and a fluorescent PCB À≈Õ¥‰ø ·≈–‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ ®Õ¿“æ· ¥ßº≈µ“à ßÊ ¢Õß lamp also containing lead. Õÿª°√≥Õå ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ°‘  ∑å °ÿ ª√–‡¿∑ œ≈œ Cadmium mostly found in printed circuit boards Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’‡À≈à“πÈ’ À“°‰¡à‰¥â (PBC), resistors, and cathode ray tubes, etc. √—∫°“√®—¥°“√Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°«‘∏’ ‚Õ°“ ∑Ë’®–‡°‘¥°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπµàÕ ·À≈àßπÈ” º‘«¥π‘ æπ◊È ¥‘π ·≈–∫√√¬“°“» ·≈â«·æ√‰à ª àŸ§π æ◊™ Mercury mostly found in controlling on-off switch, ·≈– —µ«å °àÕ„À⇰‘¥¡≈æ‘…·≈–Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ¡πÿ…¬å„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ ´÷Ëß printed circuit boards (PBC), lamp, and mobile phone, æ‘…¿—¬·≈–Õ—πµ√“¬µà“ßÊ ¬—߉¡à· ¥ßº≈ÕÕ°„Àâ‡ÀÁπ„π∑—π∑’ output monitor of all electronic equipment, etc. ∑—π„¥ ·µà®–§àÕ¬Ê  – ¡§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß ·≈â«· ¥ßÕÕ°¡“ ‡À¡◊Õπ√–‡∫‘¥‡«≈“∑’˵ȗ߇«≈“‰«â √Õ«—π√–‡∫‘¥„Àâ§π‡√“µ—Èßµ—« These electronic equipment and batteries, if ·∑∫‰¡à∑π— ∑’‡¥¬’ « improperly managed, might contaminate water source, soil surface, ground, and in the atmosphere and then „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬ß— ‰¡¡à °’ “√ ”√«®ª√¡‘ “≥¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å spread to human, vegetation and animals, at the end (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments : WEEE) causing pollution and hazards to human. Such toxics ·µà¡’°“√√«∫√«¡ ∂‘µ‘ª√‘¡“≥°“√®”Àπà“¬‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ and perils are not effective al at once but slowly accumulate ¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”‡¢â“‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ ·≈– its intense severity and explode like a time bombing. ™‘Èπ à«π®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ´Ë÷߇¡◊ËÕπ”¡“ª√–‡¡‘π√à«¡°—∫Õ“¬ÿ They are just waiting for the right time to explode so °“√„™âß“π‡©≈Ë’¬¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ °Á “¡“√∂ abruptly that we are not prepared for it. ª√–¡“≥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬∑®Ë’ –‡°¥‘ ¢π÷È „πÕ𓧵‰¥â In Thailand, the survey of the amount of electronic waste hasnût been carried out (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments : WEEE) but the statistics of the number of domestic electric appliances sold and the amount of imported electric appliances and components from overseas are compiled. While considered the amount of these with the average product life span of each type of electronic equipment, the estimates of the volume of waste in the future can be determined. In many countries, the residues of electronics appliances and products have been managed, for example, in Japan, Home Appliance Recycling Law has been issued, which in the first stage, has imposed on the control of 4 types of electric appliances, that is, refrigerators, air conditionings, televisions and washing machines. The law sets the proportion of the product components to be reused (percentage compared with the product weight). This provision has been enforced to manufacturers to design new products which are 21

„πÀ≈“¬Ê ª√–‡∑»‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥°“√°—∫´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å easier for recycling and contain the proportional rate ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ°‘  å ‡™àπ ª√–‡∑»≠˪’ Éπÿ ‰¥âÕÕ° of components that are recyclable as imposed by law. °ÆÀ¡“¬ ßà ‡ √¡‘ °“√√‰’ ´‡§≈‘ ‡§√ÕË◊ ß„™„â π∫“â π(HomeAppliance The law also prohibits the disposal of old electric appliances Recycling Law) ‚¥¬„π√–¬–·√°°ÆÀ¡“¬‡πâπ§«∫§ÿ¡ similar as general waste, requiring the systemic storage ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ 4 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à µâŸ‡¬Á𠇧√◊ËÕߪ√—∫Õ“°“» for further recycling or correct disposal. For the United ‚∑√∑—»πå ·≈–‡§√Ë◊Õß´—°ºâ“ ‚¥¬°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¥â°”Àπ¥ —¥ à«π States of America, no particular provision on the electronic Õߧªå √–°Õ∫¢Õß π‘ §“â ∑®’Ë –µÕâ ßπ”°≈∫— ¡“„™„â À¡à (‡ªπì √Õâ ¬≈– waste management has been issued. However, such ‡∑¬’ ∫°∫— πÈ”Àπ°—  π‘ §“â ) °ÆÀ¡“¬©∫∫— π®’È ß÷ ¡º’ ≈∫ß— §∫— „Àºâ ºâŸ ≈µ‘ manufacturers as Sony, IBM, etc. are voluntarily open ®–µâÕßÕÕ°·∫∫ ‘π§â“„À¡à‡æË◊Õ„Àâßà“¬µàÕ°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈·≈–¡’ for the return of electric appliances for recycling, aiming  —¥ à«π°“√∑’Ë “¡“√∂√’‰´‡§‘≈‰¥âµ“¡∑Ë’°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥·≈– at building good image of the company environmental °ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡∑ȑ߇§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“‡°à“„π≈—°…≥–¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬ conservation. °”Àπ¥„À®â ¥— ‡°∫Á Õ¬“à ߇ªπì √–∫∫ ‡æÕË◊ 𔉪√‰’ ´‡§≈‘ À√Õ◊ °”®¥— Õ¬“à ß∂°Ÿ µÕâ ßµÕà ‰ª  ”À√∫—  À√∞— Õ‡¡√°‘ “¬ß— ‰¡¡à °’ ÆÀ¡“¬‡©æ“– The disposal of electric appliances and electronicsÕ „π‡√ÕË◊ ß°“√®¥— °“√¢Õ߇ ¬’ Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å ·µÕà ¬“à ߉√°µÁ “¡ ¡’ residues in Thailand is still lack of proper management. ºŸâº≈µ‘ ∫“ß√“¬ ‡™àπ ‚´πË’ ‰Õ∫’‡ÕÁ¡ œ≈œ ∑’√Ë ∫— §π◊ ‡§√Ë◊Õß„™‰â øøÑ“ 90% of the total amount of WEEE has been dumped ∑Ë’º≈µ‘ ·≈–®”Àπà“¬„π À√∞— œ ‡æËÕ◊ 𔉪√‰’ ´‡§≈‘ Õ¬“à ß ¡§— √„® together with the community waste at the landfill sites, ‡æË◊Õ √â“ß¿“æ≈°— …≥„å π°“√√°— …“ Ë‘ß·«¥≈Õâ ¡·°∫à √‘…—∑ which are not designed to support the hazardous waste. Some off-spec products are kept as waste at the ‡ â π∑“ß ’‡¢’¬« 22

°“√®¥— °“√´“°º≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±‡å §√ÕË◊ ß„™‰â øø“Ñ ·≈–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å manufacturing facilities without any operation. As common „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ߢ“¥°“√®—¥°“√∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ‚¥¬√âÕ¬≈– 90 people, we can help solve this problem by segregating ¢Õߪ√¡‘ “≥ WEEE ∑ßÈ— À¡¥∂°Ÿ ∑ßÈ‘ √«¡‰ª°∫— ¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬™¡ÿ ™π the electric appliances and electronicsû residues away „πæ◊Èπ∑Ë’Ωíß°≈∫ ´Ë÷߉¡à‰¥âÕÕ°·∫∫‰«â‡æË◊Õ√Õß√—∫¢Õ߇ ’¬∑Ë’‡ªìπ from the common garbage and dump them into the Õπ— µ√“¬ ∫“ß «à π´ßË÷ ‡ªπì ¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  ∑å ‡’Ë ªπì º≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±∑å Ë’ designated dumpsites or return them to the manufacturers. ‰¡‰à ¥¡â “µ√∞“π∂°Ÿ ‡°∫Á ‰«‡â ªπì ¢Õ߇ ¬’ ¿“¬„π‚√ßß“πººŸâ ≈µ‘ ‚¥¬ Currently, the Pollution Control Department in conjunction ‰¡‰à ¥¥â ”‡ππ‘ °“√„¥Ê „π∞“π–¢Õߪ√–™“™π∑«Ë— ‰ª ‡√“ “¡“√∂ with involved agencies repurchases battery residues by ™à«¬°—π·°â‰¢ªí≠À“‡À≈à“π’ȉ¥â‚¥¬°“√§—¥·¬°´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å setting up the repurchase location at the mobile phone ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß„™‰â øø“Ñ ·≈–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  Õå Õ°®“°¢¬–∑«—Ë ‰ª ‚¥¬π”‰ª operatorsû shops and at many payment points. ∑È‘ß„π∑Ë’∑’Ë®—¥‰«â„Àâ À√◊Õ àߧ◊π„Àâ°—∫ºŸâº≈‘µ ‘π§â“ ´Ë÷ß„π¢≥–πÈ’ °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ √«à ¡°∫— Àπ«à ¬ß“π∑‡’Ë °¬Ë’ «¢Õâ ߉¥®â ¥— „À¡â °’ “√ If the Thai people do not cooperate from now, the √—∫§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‚¥¬µ—Èß®ÿ¥√—∫∑È‘ß´“°‰«â∑’Ë electronic waste generated in the future will inevitably  ∂“π∑’Ë„Àâ∫√‘°“√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈Ë◊Õπ∑Ë’ ®ÿ¥√—∫™”√–§à“ pose detrimental impacts to us. Together we help, for ∫√‘°“√µà“ßÊ the bright and safe future. À“°‡√“§π‰∑¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π‡ ’¬·µà«—ππ’È „πÕ𓧵 ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷ÈππÈ—π®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥æ‘…¿—¬¬âÕπ °≈—∫¡“À“æ«°‡√“Õ¬à“ßÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߉¡à‰¥â √«¡¡◊Õ°—π —°π‘¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ™«’ ‘µ∑ ’Ë ¥„ ·≈–ª≈Õ¥¿¬— „π«π— Àπ“â Õ“â ßÕß‘ Reference 1. Àπß—  Õ◊ æ¡‘ æå°√ßÿ ‡∑æ∏ÿ√°‘® «π— ∑Ë’ 25  ß‘ À“§¡ 2548 1. Krungthep turakij Newspaper, 25 August 2005, Quality §Õ≈—¡π§å ≥ÿ ¿“æ™’«µ‘ -°“√»÷°…“ of Life-Education Column 2. CAMEO Chemical Database-Response 2. CAMEO Chemical Database-Response Information Data Information Data Sheet çCopperé. Sheet çCopperé. 3. Vom Himmel Kommt., Zum Himmel Steigt., 3. Vom Himmel Kommt., Zum Himmel Steigt., Und wieder Und wieder nieder., Zur Erdeû muss and Ewig nieder., Zur Erdeû muss and Ewig wechselnd. Health wechselnd. Health risks of water and sanitation. risks of water and sanitation. National Institute for Public National Institute for Public Health and Health and Environmental (RIVM). The Ministry of Housing, Environmental (RIVM). The Ministry of Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands. Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, Page 62-64. The Netherlands. Page 62-64. 4. www.Atsda.cdc.gov/tfacts 132.html. Copper. 4. www.Atsda.cdc.gov/tfacts 132.html. Copper. 5. Medical Toxicology Information Center 5. »Ÿπ¬å¢âÕ¡≈Ÿ æ…‘ «∑‘ ¬“‚√§ 6. Book, Pollution State, Close Danger, The Office of the 6. Àπ—ß ◊Õ¿“«–¡≈æ‘… ¿—¬„°≈âµ—«  ”π—°ß“π§≥– National Environment Committee, Ministry of Science, °√√¡°“√ Ëß‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ °√–∑√«ß«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å Technology, and Energy ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ·≈–°“√æ≈ß— ß“π 7. Danger of Mercury by Jiraporn Umphan, Center of 7. Õπ— µ√“¬®“°ª√Õ∑ ‚¥¬ ®√‘ “¿√≥å Õ”Ë æ—π∏å Medical Sciences, Pitsanuloke »πŸ ¬«å ∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√°å “√·æ∑¬å æ…‘ ≥‚ÿ ≈° 8. Book, The Knowledge of Toxicity, Chapter 14, B.E. 2543, 8. Àπ—ß ◊Õ§«“¡√ âŸ ß‘Ë ‡ªπì æ‘… µÕπ∑’Ë 14 æ.». 2543 Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public °√¡«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√°å “√·æ∑¬å °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ Health, pages 9-13. GREEN LINE Àπ“â ∑’Ë 9-13. 23

‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬«®∫— ‡¢à“§¬ÿ °π— ‚¥¬ : °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ Interview by : Editorial Board «“√ “√°√π’ ‰≈πå©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 𔇠πÕ “√–‡°’ˬ«°—∫¢¬–Õ‘‡≈°Á ∑√Õπ‘° å ´÷Ëß ∂“â °“√®¥— °“√„πª®í ®∫ÿ π— ‰¡¥à æ’ Õ„πÕ𓧵µÕâ ߇°¥‘ ª≠í À“ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡®“°‡√Õ◊Ë ß πÈ’¢π÷È „π‡¡Õ◊ ߉∑¬Õ¬“à ß·πàπÕπ „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡¢’ ¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ‘° ¡å “°¡“¬ ∫“ßÕ¬à“߇ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å È‘π‡ª≈◊Õß∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°°“√„™âÕ¬à“߇°‘𧫓¡ ®”‡ªìπ¢Õ߇√“Ê ∑“à πÊ Õ“∑‘ ‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å ◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑Ë¡’ °— ‡≈Õ◊ °„™â°π— µ“¡·ø™—πË ·µà ≈◊¡§¥‘ ‰ª«“à ‡√“‰¥°â àÕ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å¢È÷π„π ß— §¡‡√“‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ «“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå©∫—∫π’È¢Õπ”∑à“π¡“æ∫°—∫¡ÿ¡¡ÕߢÕß∑à“π ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‡¢µÕÿµ “À°√√¡´Õøµå·«√åª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ À√◊Õ∑’Ë√⟮—° °π— „ππ“¡ Software Park Thailand §≥ÿ  «ÿ ¿‘ “ «√√≥ “∏æ Green Line Magazine, Volume 16, is presenting the content of electronic waste, if not properly managed, it will definitely pose the environmental problem in Thailand. Thailand has an abundance of electronic waste, some of which are luxury products generated from excessive use from us such as cell phones that are selectively purchased on a fashioned basis, but we forget that we have already created an electronic waste in our society. Green Line magazine would like you to meet the perspective of the director of Software Industrial Zone or commonly know as Software Park Thailand, Khun Suwipha Wannasathop. 24

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« Electronic Waste - Through Software Parkûs Perspective Once reading your scope of questions, I have to be excused. Most electronic waste are hardware but Software Park are committed in developing and promoting software industry, that is, the development of software program, which causes small amount of electronic waste. But in the perspective of academicians, we are concerned of this problem, too. The way the software can help resolve this issue is to upgrade version of software to enable existing computers and information technology systems to function more effectively without the need of purchasing the new one, which is a factor in creating more electronic waste. What is Software Park? Software Park is an agency established in accordance with the resolution of the Cabinet in 1997 with single mission, that is, to support the software industry in Thailand to be strong and proudly have its place in the world software community. The software industry is actually the motivational enabler for other industries, adding values and increasing competitive capacity in the international market. Software Parkûs roles, therefore, are transferring technology and educating high technology development, and stimulating the adoption of proper use of IT in other industries, in order to enhance the effective performance, reducing production costs and at the same time providing better service to customers. In addition, Software Park supports the Thai software business owners to expand their market both domestic and overseas. Now, Thailand is moving towards to the era of Knowledge-Based Economy, 5e is required; e-Education, e-Ecommerce, e-Government, E-Society, and e-Industry, all of which are the main factors driving economy. Therefore, the software capacity building is a critical issue of Thailand. If we consider the statistics, the software expenses and service costs merely increase 20-5% annually. In 2003, the approximate expenses were 29,000 million baht. 70% of this figure was from import. Though currently we are importing, considered in the future, once the market expands and we are able to develop the Thai software to be alternative choice. We then can further our domestic software market. And more important the software should be developed to properly suit the need of Thailand. The Thai people play an important role for this part and the business value is enormous. Software Park, additionally, supports the use of IT in the industrial and other business sectors. Software Park has experts in software program development but how to be applied to each industrial sector needs a study of the operational process of each type of business and must know the nature of each industry, as well as, the understanding of each type of business. Consequently, another role of us is to pair up the 2 sides of the business, a programmer and a business owner, and promote the use of IT for cost-effective investment. We are stimulating the use of IT in tourism, textiles, and food industries, through continuous training, and providing IT consultancy service to different industrial sectors, including the existence of www.smartindustry.org website to educate the application of IT. 26

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« What is the statistics of computer usage and its prediction in the country? The Association of Thai Computer Industry, ATCI has gathered the statistics and made predictions according to the table in the docu- ment. But from my perspective, there are quite a lot of equipment that software can be applied such as computer, cell phone, pocket PC, etc. All of these equipment use software, which is called Embedded software. But in Thailand we just started to support more of it in this area. We had previously focused more on the consumption aspect. From the rate of the growth of hardware, 3 private organizations, that is, DELL, IBM and HP, have the total sales of approximately 60 million computers in Thailand. Thailand, in addition, has more than 30 million of cell phones. The trend of cell phone shopping is going in the direction of influence from the marketing games and fashion. Not only that the technology has been rapidly changed but also do the preferences and fashion of the people. Thus, the production of this electronic device has less life span, creating an unnecessary electronic waste in Thailand. From the statistical figures, it has expected the use of computer to be new computer every 3-5 years, while every 18 months of new cell phone. If considering the product life span, for example, Dell has announced that the life span of hardware in Thailand is 5-6 years, but each one will buy a new computer before its expiration of use that the manufacturers have guaranteed. IBM has informed its computer life span of 7-11 years. What is your perspective towards the electronic waste situation in Thailand? The Thai people have not yet realized this problem but not for long we will see. As long as the subconscious of Thai people remains towards catching up with fashion or the unnecessary exchange of new hardware or the ineffective use of the device, the electronic waste in Thailand is unavoidable. Today not only the government or business sector that has computers, each house has one computer as well. The support of cheaper computers and rapid technology development are factors of creating electric waste in the future. Therefore, if we consider the current situation, it is estimated that in the future the electronic waste problem will be chosen as a hot topic on the agenda. Additionally, the second-hand hardware accessory market is expanding fast. We collect the garbage of other countries. Foreign countries are free. Developing and undeveloped countries purchase its electronic waste, no need to waste of time of disposal. Their waste at home becomes valuable. Thailand should have the regulations concerning this issue to impose the control of which waste can be imported. However, the Thai tariff measures do not support this scheme. If we separate the substances, the tariff will be imposed. So it is easier to export them to other countries for separation. Thus, no one does the business in this area. 28

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« Apart from the tariff of importing remnants, the customs tariffs are also imposed. We are lack of investor in the electronic waste management. There are many companies overseas who are well off from the electronic waste management. We should promote more of this type of business. How is the electronic waste management in Thailand? For the government sector, I have seen the campaign of garbage separation; the hazardous chemical substances in the grey dumpster with orange lid. And in the private sector, DTAC has DTAC shop dumpsters for dumping old batteries but there are much fewer shops than volume of waste. There should be more of management and campaign for people to know and build awareness. For example, do you know that the garbage from each household that are not separated before dumping can cause pollution to the environment around his/ her? Or we can explain in figure if we can reduce the contaminated wastes or unnecessary garbage, how this can help the nation and preserve the health of their descendants. Show them the figure. It is similar to that of energy conservation campaign on the use of 36-watt fluorescent lamp or set the air conditioning at 25 degree Celsius. People will understand more, if it is presented in concrete facts. For example, the environmental academicians have already realized that the disposal of electronic waste takes about 30 years and the budget of concrete landfill costs 30 million baht and its usage is around 30 years and the maintenance cost is 10,000 baht per month. If considered in terms of figure, you come to realize that this costs enormously. What is the cause of electronic waste in your point of view? When the developed countries enter the information age, the communication is a vital tool in stimulating the economy. And all of the communicative devices, whether be cell phones or computers, all electric devices, are essential to the development of the country, the government sector, business sector, and household sector. However, one thing we can do to help the society as a whole is the full deployment of the equipment and use as necessary. In the perspective side of the manufacturers, they should create the conscious to the society to use only when necessary. They should not only think of sales revenue but also the consciousness to the society, giving the equal importance at the same time, and expressing their social responsibilities in terms of electronic waste disposal that they produce or sell. The popularity of second-hand products both domestically or overseas is also the import of electronic waste into the country. Though the second-hand products are cheap, their life span is shorter. That means Thailand will have tremendous electronic waste not too far from now. 30

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« How do the foreign countries solve the problem of electronic waste? In Europe, Waste from Electric and Electronic Equipments, WEEE, exists. They impose tariffs on creators of pollution and promote the separation of garbage. However, Thailand has not yet had this measure, which should be considered immediately. In Japan, if remnants of 250,000 cell phones from all over the country are distilled, 1 kilogram of gold is obtained. Moreover, the printed circuit board, PCB, of computer has valuable metals in components, that is, gold, palladium, and copper, which can be distilled into gold and palladium, approximately 50-100 gram per ton of each, and 200 kilogram per ton of copper. Thailand itself should create values from the garbage or pay more attention to Life Cycle Assessment, LCA. Japan and Korea use LCA, which will assess the life span of electric devices by choosing the materials which have almost the same life span to assemble one product so that their life span is expired at the same time. The enforcement of tariff measures should be a key point in creating consciousness for the use of electronics because the manufacturer will look for the manufacturing method of higher quality products to reduce the electronic waste generated. If the user needs high technology products, the expense to society has also been increased. In China, the regulations of prohibiting the import of electronic waste are stringent. They donût allow their country to be the landfill of other countries. But in Thailand, this regulation is not clear. In Finland, the use of laser technique in distilling electric waste component is employed, focusing on the Cathode Ray of Tubes in the television set and computer screen. The distilled parts are perfect, unleaded, and can be completely recycled. For example, 40 kilograms of television can be disassembled to reuse of its internal components up to 28 kilograms with merely 2 kilograms of waste. They have developed çlaser systemé in order to be able to recycle these equipments effectively. They can distill materials from Cathode Ray tubes and reuse at 5 to 10 times faster than that of the regular method. And more important this recycling process has not posed any toxics or contaminants in the environment. In addition, the process of distilling metals and plastics from the computer screen has been developed. The technique of disassembling glass from the Cathode Ray tubes with laser has already been patented in Japan, the United State of America, and Europe. This application is a part of innovative campaign program in the country under the Office of National Technology of Finland. The solution to the problem apart from regulating the measures is the innovative method and promoting these innovations, enabling the reduction of electronic waste. In Singapore, Citylaya Company is the biggest center of recycling of the world. They make more than USD 139 million of profit from the industry of garbage separation, building the network in more than 14 countries. They use human forces to separate the waste before being transported to the factories due to the cheap labor cost. If we support this type of industry, adding values to garbage, we are more advantageous than other countries because we have the cycling network around the country. This is a distribution of income to the local. 32

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« What is the guideline of electronic waste solution in your perspective? As mentioned above, the regulation of clear measures, adding values to waste such as the distilling of metal, the support of tariff, giving incentives for business enterprises to invest in the waste management industry, is a must. On the contrary, those who create electronic waste should pay higher taxes. And the innovative waste disposal should be encouraged or the recycling center of the country with networks in different provinces should be founded. It might be a joint venture between the government and business sectors. How Software Park can play a role in this solution? The mission of Software Park is to promote the use of software to provide solution for any questions both in terms of business and societal aspect. For joint solution, Software Park is able to support the development of waste control software. Before the equipment we bought turns into garbage, we can use this software to detect where it is and which materials can be taken out or disassembled or are at the stage of disposal. We can assess the situation in advance that how much electronic waste there wil be in how many years, in order to prepare the solution. In the future, we may support the set-up of computer-upgrade center to help people to be able to upgrade their own computer basically to enhance the effective use of computer. There is a current program that can be used for upgrade by downloading from different websites free of charge. For the readers The problem of electronic waste will definitely exist as it grows in accordance with the economic development of the country and the world. Once realizing this, the methods and measures for this problem should be set. The formation of measures or policies should be under the responsibility of the government sector who has already acknowledged the importance of this problem. For the peopleûs part, the sense of unnecessary electronic waste creation and the ful deployment of the equipment should be immediately engulfed. And they should be reminded that before changing the new hardware, the new software should be done first. Software is the computer brain, a computer intelligence enabler. Do not always purchase new computers. One house with 2 computers is a worry. Iûd like to emphasize on the consciousness, that is, if we consider the environment as something that doesnût belong to us, we will become part of the waste. We should create common sense that the environment belongs to our hand and has impacts on us and those we love. If we have the mind set like this, the cooperation will exist in the organizations as a whole. The use of technologies will be under careful consideration and sufficient for your own use as necessary. 34

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Õ“À“√ ‚¥¬®–¡’°“√®¥— Õ∫√¡Õ¬“à ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ·≈–¡∫’ √°‘ “√„À§â ”ª√°÷ …“¥“â π IT ·°à GREEN LINE ¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡µà“ßÊ √«¡∑È—ß¡’‡«Á∫‰´µå www.smartindustry.org §Õ¬„Àâ §«“¡√⟄π°“√π” IT ‰ªª√–¬°ÿ µå„™â¥â«¬  ∂‘µ‘Õ—µ√“°“√„™â§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å·≈–欓°√≥åÕ—µ√“°“√„™â§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ∑“ß ¡“§¡∏√ÿ °®‘ §Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√‰å ∑¬ ATCI (Association of Thai Computer Industry) ‰¥â‡°∫Á  ∂µ‘ ‘·≈–欓°√≥‰å «ªâ √–°Õ∫¥â«¬ µ“¡µ“√“ß„π‡Õ° “√ ·µ„à π ¡ÿ¡¡Õßπ’È §‘¥«à“‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ∑’Ë®–π”´Õøµå·«√剪„™â¡’À≈“¬ª√–‡¿∑ Õ“∑‘ ‡§√Ë◊Õß §Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√å ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ æÁÕ°‡°Áµæ´’ ’ œ≈œ Õªÿ °√≥µå “à ßÊ ≈«â π„™â´Õøµ·å «√å ∑Èß—  È‘π ‡√“‡√’¬°«“à Embedded Software ·µ„à πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡æ‘Ë߇√Ë¡‘ ¡°’ “√ à߇ √‘¡ ¥â“ππÈ’¡“°¢È÷𠇥‘¡‡√“‡πâπ°“√∫√‘‚¿§¡“°°«à“ µ—«‡≈¢¢ÕßÕ—µ√“°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ¥â“π Œ“√¥å ·«√å ¡∫’ √…‘ —∑‡Õ°™π 3 ·Ààß §◊Õ DELL, IBM ·≈– HP ¡¬’ Õ¥°“√¢“¬‡§√Ë◊Õß §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√„å π∫â“π‡√“ª∑ï ·Ë’ ≈«â ª√–¡“≥ 60 ≈â“π‡§√◊ÕË ß πÕ°®“°π„È’ πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡√“¡º’ „Ÿâ ™‚â ∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ √«¡°«“à 30 ≈“â π‡§√ÕË◊ ß ´ß÷Ë ·π«§‘¥°“√‡≈◊Õ°´È◊Õ‡≈◊Õ°„™â‡ªìπµ“¡Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õ߇°¡°“√µ≈“¥·≈–·ø™—Ëπ ‰¡à„™à ·µà‡æ’¬ß‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‡√Á«Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« §«“¡™Õ∫¢Õߧπ·≈–·ø™Ë—π°Á‡ª≈Ë’¬π ‡√Á«¥â«¬ ∑”„Àâ°“√º≈‘µ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‡À≈à“πÈ’¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“ππâÕ¬≈ß °àÕ„À⇰‘¥¢¬– Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å¢È÷π‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ„π∫â“π‡√“ ®“°µ—«‡≈¢∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ª√–¡“≥°“√„™â §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√‰å «â«“à ®–¡°’ “√‡ª≈Ë’¬π§Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√µå —«„À¡∑à °ÿ 3-5 ªï  «à π¡◊Õ∂Õ◊ ®– ‡ª≈¬Ë’ π‡§√◊ÕË ß„À¡à∑°ÿ 18 ‡¥◊Õπ ´Ëß÷ À“°‡√“¡ÕßÕ“¬°ÿ “√„™âß“πÕ¬“à ߇™àπ¢Õß Dell ‡¢“·®âß«à“Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥匓√奷«√å∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 5-6 ªï ·µ§à π®–‡ª≈¬Ë’ π‡§√Õ◊Ë ß§Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√°å Õà πÀ¡¥Õ“¬°ÿ “√„™ßâ “π∑ºË’ ºâŸ ≈µ‘ ª√–°π— ‰«‡â  ¬’ Õ°’ ¬Ëß‘ ∂“â ‡ªπì ¢Õß IBM π—Ëπ‡¢“·®âßÕ“¬°ÿ “√„™ßâ “π¢Õ߇¢“ 7-11 ª¥ï ⫬´È”  ∂“π°“√≥墬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π¡ÿ¡¡Õß ¢Õß∑à“π‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ §π‰∑¬¬ß— ‰¡√à  âŸ °÷ ∂ß÷ ª≠í À“π’È ·µÕà °’ ‰¡πà “π‡√“°®Á –‡ÀπÁ µ√“∫„¥ ∑Ë’ ”π÷°¢Õߧπ‰∑¬‡√“¬—ß«Ë‘ßµ“¡·ø™Ë—π °“√‡ª≈’ˬπÕÿª°√≥å Œ“√奷«√å‚¥¬∑Ë’‰¡à®”‡ªìπ À√◊Õ°“√‰¡à„™âÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥å §ß¬“°∑Ë’®–À≈’°‡≈Ë’¬ß°—∫ªí≠À“¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡√“ ´ß÷Ë „πª®í ®∫ÿ π— ‰¡„à ™·à µ‡à 欒 ß¿“§√∞— À√Õ◊ ¿“§∏√ÿ °®‘ ∑Ë’¡§’ Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√å „π·µà≈–∫“â π°Á¡’ ¬Ëß‘ ¡’°“√ à߇ √¡‘ §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å„π √“§“‡ÕÕÈ◊ Õ“∑√ ª√–°Õ∫°∫— °“√æ≤— π“∑“߇∑§‚π‚≈¬Õ’ ¬“à ß√«¥‡√«Á ≈â«π‡ªìπªí®®—¬∑Ë’®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å¢÷Èπ„πÕ𓧵 ¥ß— ππÈ— À“°æ®‘ “√≥“®“° ∂“π°“√≥µå Õππ§È’ “¥«“à „πÕ𓧵‡√“§ß µÕâ ßÀ¬∫‘ ª≠í À“¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ°‘  ¢å ÷πÈ ¡“殑 “√≥“Õ¬à“߇√ßà ¥«à π πÕ°®“°πµÈ’ ≈“¥Õªÿ °√≥Œå “√¥å ·«√¡å Õ◊  Õß°≈∫— ¢¬“¬µ«— ¡“°¢πÈ÷ ‡√“¬‘Ë߉ª‡°Á∫¢¬–¢Õߪ√–‡∑»ÕË◊πÊ ‡¢â“¡“ µà“ߪ√–‡∑»°Á ∫“¬ ¡’ª√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“·≈–¥âÕ¬æ—≤π“´◊ÈÕ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å¢Õß ‡¢“‰ª‰¡àµâÕ߇ ’¬‡«≈“°”®—¥ ·≈â«¢¬–¢Õß∫â“π‡¢“°≈—∫¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“‰ª ‡ ’¬Õ’° µ√ßπ’Ȫ√–‡∑»‰∑¬§«√¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’ˇÕ◊ÈÕ„Àâ¡’°“√§—¥·¬° ¢¬–∑Ë’®–π”‡¢“â ª√–‡∑» Õ“∑‘ §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√‡å °à“ ‡¢“ “¡“√∂·¬° 27

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„πª√–‡∑»≠’˪Éÿπ π”‡Õ“´“°¡◊Õ∂◊Õ∑Ë’‡°≈◊ËÕπ°≈“¥∑Ë—«∫â“π∑—Ë«‡¡◊Õß ®”π«π GREEN LINE 200,500 ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß ¡“ °¥— ·¬°‚≈À–¡§’ “à ‰¥∑â Õߧ”Àπ°— 1 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— ∑‡’ ¥¬’ « πÕ°®“°π’È ·ºß«ß®√Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  ™å π‘È  «à 𵫗 µ“â π∑“π„π«ß®√§Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√å (Printed Circuit Board : PCB) ¡ ’ «à πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚≈À–¡§’ “à ‰¥·â °à ∑Õߧ” æ“≈“‡¥¬’ ¡ ·≈–∑Õß·¥ß ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂ °¥— ·¬°∑Õߧ”·≈–æ“≈“‡¥¬’ ¡ ‰¥Õâ ¬à“ß≈–ª√–¡“≥ 50-100 °√—¡/ µπ— ·≈–∑Õß·¥ß®”π«π 200 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— /µπ— ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬π“à ®–∑”„À⢬–¡’¡≈Ÿ §à“ À√Õ◊ ‰¡°à „Á À⧫“¡ ”§≠— °—∫ Life Cycle Assessment ∑“ß≠Ë’ªÉÿπ·≈–‡°“À≈’®–„™â LCA ´Ë÷ß®–ª√–‡¡‘π«—Ø®—°√™’«‘µ¢Õß º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‰øøÑ“ ‚¥¬®–‡≈◊Õ°„™â«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π„°≈âÊ °—π¡“ª√–°Õ∫‡ªìπ º≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±™å πÈ‘ ‡¥¬’ «°π— ‡æÕË◊ „ÀÀâ ¡¥Õ“¬‰ÿ ¥æâ √Õâ ¡Ê °π— °“√°”Àπ¥¡“µ√°“√∑“ß¿“…’ µÕà ºâŸ°àÕ¡≈æ‘…πà“®–‡ªìπ®ÿ¥∑Ë’ √â“ß ”π÷°°“√„™âÕÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑Ë’¥’ ‡æ√“– ººŸâ ≈µ‘ °®Á –µÕâ ßÀ“«∏‘ º’ ≈µ‘ Õªÿ °√≥„å À¡â §’ ≥ÿ ¿“æ ßŸ ¢π÷È ‡æÕ◊Ë ≈¥°“√‡°¥‘ ¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å ºŸ„â ™∂â “â µâÕß°“√‡∑§‚π‚≈¬ ’ ߟ Ê °µÁ Õâ ߇æ‘Ë¡§“à „™®â à“¬„π°“√™à«¬‡À≈Õ◊  —ߧ¡‡™πà °—π ª√–‡∑»®π’ ¡°’ “√°”Àπ¥√–‡∫¬’ ∫À“â ¡π”‡¢“â ¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  Õå ¬“à ߇§√ßà §√¥— ™¥— ‡®π ‡¢“‰¡¬à Õ¡„Àªâ √–‡∑»‡¢“‡ªπì ∑∑Ë’ ß‘È ¢¬–¢Õߪ√–‡∑»Õπ◊Ë Ê  «à π∫“â π‡√“¬ß— ‰¡à ‡ÀπÁ ™¥— ‡®ππ°— „πª√–‡∑»øπî ·≈π¥å „™‡â ∑§π§‘ ‡≈‡´Õ√·å ¬°™π‘È  «à π¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å‡ππâ  «à π À≈Õ¥¿“æ´Õ’ “√∑å ’ „π‡§√◊ËÕß√∫— ‚∑√∑—»πå ·≈–®Õ§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ‚¥¬™πÈ‘  «à π∑’·Ë ¬°‰¥â ¡ ’ ¿“æ ¡∫√Ÿ ≥‰å ¡ªà π‡ªÕôó πµ–°«—Ë  “¡“√∂π”°≈∫— ¡“√‰’ ´‡§≈‘ ‰¥Õâ ¬“à ß ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å Õ“∑‘ ‚∑√∑»— πå 40 °‚‘ ≈°√—¡  “¡“√∂·¬°™‘Èπ à«π¿“¬„π°≈∫— ¡“„™â´”È ‰¥â∂÷ß 38 °‚‘ ≈°√—¡ ‡À≈◊Õ¢Õ߇ ’¬‡æ’¬ß 2 °‘‚≈°√—¡‡∑à“π—Èπ ‡¢“¬—ßæ—≤π“ ç√–∫∫‡≈‡´Õ√åé ¢÷Èπ¡“‡æË◊Õ „Àâ “¡“√∂√’‰´‡§‘≈Õÿª°√≥套߰≈à“«‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂ °—¥«— ¥ÿ ®“°®Õ¿“æ´Õ’ “√å∑’ (Cathode Ray of Tubes) ·≈–π”°≈—∫¡“„™´â ”È ‰¥âÕ°’ „π‡«≈“ ∑Ë’‡√Á«°«à“«‘∏’°“√∑Ë—«‰ª 5-10 ‡∑à“ ·≈–∑Ë’ ”§—≠°√–∫«π°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈¥—ß°≈à“« ‰¡à°àÕ “√æ‘…À√◊Õ‡°‘¥¡≈æ‘…µ°§â“ß„π ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡ πÕ°®“°πÈ’¬—ßæ—≤π“√–∫∫ ·¬°™È‘π à«π∑Ë’‡ªìπ‚≈À–·≈–æ≈“ µ‘°®“°®Õ§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å¥â«¬  ”À√—∫‡∑§π‘§°“√ ·¬°™‘Èπ à«π·°â«®“°À≈Õ¥¿“æ´’Õ“√å∑’¥â«¬‡≈‡´Õ√剥â√—∫°“√®¥ ‘∑∏‘∫—µ√„π≠Ë’ªÉÿπ  À√—∞œ ·≈–¬ÿ‚√ª·≈â« ‚¥¬·Õææ≈‘‡§™—Ëπ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢È÷ππ’È ‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß‚ª√·°√¡  à߇ √¡‘ π«—µ°√√¡„πª√–‡∑» —ß°—¥ ”π°— ß“π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·Àßà ™“µø‘ πî ·≈π¥å °“√·°‰â ¢πÕ°®“°°”À𥇪πì ¡“µ√°“√ °“√§πâ À“π«µ— °√√¡„À¡Êà ·≈– ßà ‡ √¡‘ π«—µ°√√¡‡À≈“à ππÈ— °®Á – “¡“√∂™«à ¬≈¥ª≠í À“¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ‘° ‰å ¥â  à«π ß‘ §‚ª√å ¡’∫√…‘ —∑ ´‘µÈ≈’ “¬“ ‡ªìπ·À≈àß√‰’ ´‡§≈‘ ¢¬–∑Ëπ’ —∫«à“„À≠∑à Ë’ ¥ÿ „π‚≈° °«Á “à ‰¥â ‡¢“∑”°”‰√®“°Õµÿ  “À°√√¡°“√§¥— ·¬°¢¬– ·≈–𔉪√‰’ ´‡§≈‘ ‰¥∂â ß÷ °«“à 139 ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« ‚¥¬ √â“߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬Õ¬Ÿà„πª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ °«à“ 14 ª√–‡∑» „™·â √ßß“π§π§¥— ·¬°¢¬–°Õà π ßà ‡¢“â ‚√ßß“π‡æ√“–§“à ·√ß∂°Ÿ ∂“â ª√–‡∑» ‡√“ à߇ √‘¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡ª√–‡¿∑πÈ’„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬°“√‡æË‘¡¡Ÿ≈§à“¢Õߢ¬– °Áπ—∫«à“ ‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫°«à“ª√–‡∑»ÕË◊πÊ ‡æ√“–‡√“¡’‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬´“‡≈âßÕ¬àŸ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« ®–‰¥â‡ªìπ°“√°√–®“¬√“¬‰¥â ∑àŸ Õâ ß∂Ë‘π‰ª„πµ—«¥â«¬ ·π«∑“ß·°âªí≠À“¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å„π∑√√»π–¢Õß∑à“π Õ¬“à ß∑°Ë’ ≈“à «„π¢“â ßµπâ §Õ◊ °“√°”Àπ¥¡“µ√°“√∑™’Ë ¥— ‡®π‡√ßà ‡æ¡Ë‘ ¡≈Ÿ §“à ¢¬– ‡™πà °“√ °¥— ·¬°‚≈À– °“√„À§â «“¡™«à ¬‡À≈Õ◊ ¥«â ¬¡“µ√°“√¿“…∑’ ‡Ë’ ÕÕ◊È µÕà ºªŸâ √–°Õ∫°“√ ∑≈’Ë ß∑πÿ „πÕµÿ  “À°√√¡°“√°”®¥— ¢¬– ·≈–„π∑“ß°≈∫— °π— ‡æ¡‘Ë ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß¿“…µ’ Õà 31

º°Ÿâ Õà „À‡â °¥‘ ¢¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å ·≈– ßà ‡ √¡‘ π«µ— °√√¡„À¡Êà „π°“√°”®¥— ¢¬– À√Õ◊ GREEN LINE °“√®—¥µÈ—ß»Ÿπ¬å√’‰´‡§‘≈¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‚¥¬¡’‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„πµà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥µà“ßÊ ®–‡ªìπ°“√ √«à ¡∑ÿπ√–À«à“ß¿“§√—∞°—∫¿“§‡Õ°™π°‰Á ¥â ´Õøµå·«√åæ“√姮–‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√·°âªí≠À“π’È ‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ µ“¡æπ— ∏°®‘ ¢Õß´Õøµ·å «√æå “√å§ §Õ◊ °“√ ßà ‡ √¡‘ „Àâ¡°’ “√π”´Õøµå·«√¡å “„™â ‡æË◊ÕµÕ∫‚®∑¬åµà“ßÊ ∑ȗߥâ“π∏ÿ√°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡ „π°“√√à«¡·°âªí≠À“πÈ’ ∑“ß ´Õøµ·å «√æå “√§å Õ“® “¡“√∂ ßà ‡ √¡‘ „À¡â °’ “√æ≤— 𓂪√·°√¡µ¥‘ µ“¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¢¬–§Õ◊ °àÕπ∑’Ë®–‡ªìπ¢¬– ∂Ⓡ√“´È◊ÕÕÿª°√≥噑ÈπÀπ÷Ë߉ª‡√“ “¡“√∂µ‘¥µ“¡‰¥â‡≈¬«à“¡—πÕ¬àŸ ∑‰’Ë Àπ  “¡“√∂À¬∫‘ ™πÈ‘ ‰ÀπÕÕ°¡“‰¥∫â “â ß À√Õ◊ ‰¥·â ¬° «à π‰ª·≈«â À√Õ◊ ¬ß— ∂ß÷ ¢π—È µÕπ ∑”≈“¬·≈â«À√◊Õ¬—ß ´Ë÷߇√“®–ª√–‡¡‘π ∂“π°“√≥å≈à«ßÀπⓉ¥â«à“Õ’°°’˪ﮖ¡’¢¬– Õ‘‡≈°Á ∑√Õπ‘° å‡∑à“‰√ ‡æË◊Õ‡µ√’¬¡À“∑“ß·°‰â ¢ªí≠À“‰«â ´÷Ëß„πÕ𓧵‡√“Õ“® à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√µÈ—ß»Ÿπ¬å՗懰√¥§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ ™«à ¬„Àªâ √–™“™π “¡“√∂Õæ— ‡°√¥§Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√¢å Õßµπ‡Õß„π‡∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ ‡æÕË◊ „À‡â °¥‘ °“√ „™â§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√åÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õßµ—«‡§√Ë◊Õß ´Ë÷ß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π°Á¡’‚ª√·°√¡∑Ë’  “¡“√∂Õæ— ‡°√¥‰¥â‚¥¬¥“«π‚å À≈¥®“°‡«Á∫‰´µµå “à ßÊ ø√‰’ ¡à‡ ¬’ §“à „™®â à“¬„¥Ê Ω“°∂÷ߺâŸÕà“π ªí≠À“¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å™â“‡√Á«°ÁµâÕ߇°‘¥‡æ√“–¡—π‡ªìπ°“√‡µ‘∫‚µµ“¡°“√ æ—≤π“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑»·≈–¢Õß‚≈° ‡¡Ë◊Õ√ŸâÕ¬à“ßπ’È·≈â«°ÁµâÕßÀ“«‘∏’°“√ ·≈–¡“µ√°“√‡æÕË◊ ·°‰â ¢ª≠í À“π‰È’ «â ´ßË÷ °“√°”Àπ¥¡“µ√°“√À√Õ◊ π‚¬∫“¬‡ªπì Àπ“â ∑Ë’ ¢Õß¿“§√∞— ´÷ßË °‡Á ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡ ”§≠— „π°“√·°ªâ í≠À“πÈ·’ ≈«â  «à π„π¿“§ª√–™“™π µâÕ߇√àß √â“ß„À⇰‘¥ ”π÷°°“√°àÕ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ °“√‡ÀÁπ ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√„™âÕªÿ °√≥‡å À≈“à πÈ„’ À‡â µ¡Á ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‡™πà §Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√凡◊ËÕ√â Ÿ °÷ «à“‡§√◊ÕË ß¡—π™“â °Á‡Õ“‰ªÕ—懰√¥ ·≈–√–≈÷°‰«â‡ ¡Õ«à“°àÕπ∑®Ë’ –‡ª≈¬Ë’ π‡§√ËÕ◊ ß„À≈â Õß ‡ª≈’ˬπ´Õøµå·«√å°àÕπ ´Õøµå·«√å¡—π§◊Õ ¡ÕߢÕߧա摫‡µÕ√å ‡ªìπµ—«∑Ë’∑”„Àâ ‡§√ÕË◊ ß©≈“¥¢π÷È ‰¡„à ™´à Õ◊È ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß„À¡Õà ¬√Ÿà ”Ë ‰ª ∫“â πÀ≈ß— Àπß÷Ë Õ“®¡§’ Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√°å «“à 2 ‡§√◊ÕË ß Õπ— π’È´‘πà“‡ªìπÀ«à ß ´ßË÷ °¢Á Õ‡ππâ ¬”È ‡√Õ◊Ë ß®µ‘  ”π°÷ ‡ªπì  ”§≠— §Õ◊ ∂“â ‡√“¡Õß ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡‰¡„à ™¢à Õ߇√“ ‡√“®–‡ªπì  «à πÀπß÷Ë ∑∑’Ë ”„À‡â °¥‘ ¢¬–ππ—È Ê ‚¥¬‰¡®à ”‡ªπì µÕâ ߇√ßà  √“â ß®µ‘  ”π°÷ „À§â ¥‘ «“à  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡ªìπ¢Õ߇√“·≈–¡’º≈µàÕµ—«‡√“ ·≈–§π∑‡Ë’ √“√°— ∂“â §¥‘ ‰¥Õâ ¬“à ßπ§È’ «“¡√«à ¡¡Õ◊ °Á®–‡°‘¥¢È÷π„πÕߧå√«¡ °“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ µà“ßÊ °Á®–§”π÷ß∂÷ߧ«“¡‡À¡“– ¡·≈– æՇ撬߰—∫µπ‡Õßµ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªπì 33

 “√§¥À’ ≈°— ‚¥¬ : ∏ß™¬— ¥≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘ ∫√√≥“∏°‘ “√¢“à «Àπ—ß Õ◊ æ¡‘ æåÕπ‘ ‰´¥ å “¡≠— ™π Main Feature by : Thongchai Dolprasit Editor of Inside Commoners Newspaper ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’„§√∫â“ß∑’ˉ¡à√Ÿâ®—°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ·¡â·µà GREEN LINE ™“«π“∫π¿Ÿ‡¢“ À√◊Õ·¡â«∫π¥Õ¬¬—ß„™â¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°—π‡≈¬  ¡—¬π’È ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘√–∫ÿ«à“ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’ºâŸ „™â¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®”π«π∂÷ß 16.55 ≈â“𠇧√Ë◊Õß ∑—Ë«√“™Õ“≥“®—°√2 ‚¥¬«—¥ª√‘¡“≥®“°®”π«πºâŸ ≈ß∑–‡∫’¬π°“√„™âß“π‡∑à“πÈ—π ´Ë÷߇¡Ë◊Õ ‘π§â“√àÿππ’ÈÀ¡¥Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π ππË— À¡“¬∂ß÷ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬®–¡¢’ ¬–Õ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  ªå √–‡¿∑¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ °«“à 16.55 ≈“â 𠇧√Õ◊Ë ß‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« π§’Ë ¥‘ ‡≈πà Ê ¬—߉¡à√«¡∂÷ß°“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π√πÿà µ“¡ ¡¬— π‘¬¡·≈–‡§√◊ÕË ß‡°à“ ∑‡Ë’ ¬’ ·≈«â ·µºà ⟄™¬â ß— „™‡â ∫Õ√‡å ¥¡‘ °∫— ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß∑´Ë’ ÕÈ◊ „À¡à ππË— À¡“¬∂ß÷ 1 ‡∫Õ√Õå “®„™â‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å “·≈«â 2-3 ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß ´Ë÷ßπË—πÀ¡“¬∂÷ß 1 ‡∫Õ√å¡’´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å∑‘ÈßÕ¬àŸ∑Ë’∫â“πÕ’° 2-3 ‡§√Ë◊Õß πË’¬—߉¡à√«¡·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’·≈– Õÿª°√≥åµàÕæà«ßµà“ßÊ ¬Ë‘ߧ‘¥°Á¬‘Ëß®‘πµπ“°“√∂÷ß¿Ÿ‡¢“´“°¡◊Õ∂◊Õ„πÕ𓧵∫π·ºàπ¥‘ππ’È ·≈⫇√“®– ∑”Õ¬“à ߉√‡¡ÕË◊ ‡ÀÁπ¿“æ¿—¬¡◊¥∑Ë√’ Õ«—π°àÕµ«— ‡™πà πÈ’ Has anyone currently not known mobile phones? Even the farmers from highland or hill tribes use cell phones. Data from the National Statistical Office has indicated that Thailand has 16.55 millions of mobile users country wide2 measured from the number of mobile user registration only. When the use of this product has expired, this means that Thailand will have had more than 16.55 millions of electronic garbage of cell phones. This is just a roughly thought excluded of the change of newer model of mobile phone and the use of broken one but the user uses the same old number with the newer phone. This means 1 mobile phone number may be used with 2-3 mobile phones, which in turn means that 1 mobile phone number has 2-3 historical mobile phones at home. This does not include batteries and other accessories. The more you think, the more you imagine of the picture of loads of old broken mobile phones piling up in this land in the future. What can we do while foreseeing this forming disaster? 35

´“°‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂◊Õ®—¥Õ¬Ÿ„à π1 WEEE (Waste from The remnant of cell phones belongs to the group Electrical and Electronic Equipments) À¡“¬∂ß÷ ´“° of WEEE (Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equip- ‡§√ÕË◊ ß„™Àâ √◊ÕÕÿª°√≥å´Ë÷ß„™â°√–· ‰øøÑ“À√◊Õ π“¡·¡à‡À≈Á°„π ments) meaning the remnants of tools or devices that °“√∑”ß“π∑‰’Ë ¡‰à ¥µâ “¡¡“µ√∞“π (off-spec) À√Õ◊ À¡¥Õ“¬°ÿ “√ use electricity or off-spec magnetic field or expired or „™ßâ “π À√◊Õ≈â“ ¡—¬ ´Ë÷ß·∫à߇ªπì 10 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥·â °à out of date. It can be classified into 10 categories as 1. ‡§√ÕË◊ ß„™‰â øø“Ñ ·≈–Õªÿ °√≥Õå ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  „å π§√«— ‡√Õ◊ π follows ¢π“¥„À≠à ‡™à𠵇Ÿâ ¬πÁ ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß∑”§«“¡‡¬πÁ ‡§√ÕË◊ ß´°— ºâ“ ‡§√ÕË◊ ß 1. Electric and electronic devices in a large house- ≈â“ß®“π œ≈œ hold such as refrigerator, cooler, washing machines, 2. ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß„™‰â øø“Ñ ·≈–Õªÿ °√≥Õå ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  „å π§√«— ‡√Õ◊ π washing dishes, etc. ¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‡™πà ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥¥Ÿ ΩÉπÿ ‡µ“√’¥ ‡§√ÕË◊ ߪîôߢπ¡ªíß ¡¥’ ‚°π 2. Electric and electronic devices in a small house- ‰øøÑ“ œ≈œ hold such as vacuum cleaner, ironer, toaster, electric 3. Õªÿ °√≥å IT ‡™πà §Õ¡æ«‘ ‡µÕ√å ‡¡π‡ø√¡ ‚πµâ ∫§ÿä ‡§√ÕË◊ ß shaver, etc.  ·°π¿“æ ‡§√ÕË◊ ß‚∑√ “√/‚∑√»æ— ∑å ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ œ≈œ 4. ‡§√Ë◊Õß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ”À√—∫ºŸâ ∫√‚‘ ¿§ ‡™πà «∑‘ ¬ÿ ‚∑√∑»— πå °≈Õâ ß ·≈–‡§√Õ◊Ë ß∫π— ∑°÷ «¥‘ ‚’ Õ ‡§√ÕË◊ ß ¥πµ√’∑„’Ë ™‰â øø“Ñ œ≈œ 5. Õÿª°√≥å„Àâ· ß «à“ß ‡™àπ À≈Õ¥‰øø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´πµå À≈Õ¥‚´‡¥’¬¡ œ≈œ 6. √–∫∫Õÿª°√≥‡å §√ËÕ◊ ß¡Õ◊ °“√·æ∑¬å 7. ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ«—¥À√◊Õ§«∫§ÿ¡µà“ßÊ ‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕß®—∫§«—𠇧√Ë◊Õߧ«∫§¡ÿ Õ≥ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‘ œ≈œ 8. ¢Õ߇≈à𠇙àπ ‡°¡∫Õ¬ ¢Õ߇≈àπ∑’Ë„™â‰øøÑ“ À√◊Õ Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ°‘  å œ≈œ 9. ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‡‘ ≈Á°∑√Õπ°‘  å ‡™πà  «à“π ‡≈ËÕ◊ ¬ 3. IT devices such as computer, mainframe, note- ‰øø“Ñ À√◊ÕÕ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ‘° å œ≈œ book, scanner, fax/telephone, mobile phone, etc. 10. ‡§√◊ËÕß®”Àπ“à ¬ ‘π§“â Õ—µ‚π¡µ— ‘ ‡™πà ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß®”Àπ“à ¬ 4. Consumer electrical and electronics assemblies ‡§√◊ÕË ß¥¡Ë◊ Õµ— ‚π¡—µ‘ œ≈œ such as radio, television, camera and video recorder, electric musical instruments, etc. ‡™Õ◊Ë À√Õ◊ ‰¡à 5. Illuminating devices, such as, fluorescent lamp, ®“° ∂µ‘ °‘ “√π”‡¢“â ¢Õß°√¡ sodium light bulb, etc. »ÿ≈°“°√ æ∫«“à ·∫µ‡µÕ√™Ë’ π‘¥ 6. Medical equipment system π°‘ ‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ 7. Measurement or controler devices such as smoke °“√π”‡¢“â ≈¥≈ß °≈à“«§◊Õ „πªï ·≈–ªï 2545 ®”π«π 3,856,185 °àÕπ detector, temperature controlling device, etc. 2544 ®”π«π 4,291,829 °àÕπ  à«π™π¥‘ π°‘ ‡°≈‘ -‡À≈°Á ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”‡¢“â 8. Toys such as game boy consoles, ≈¥≈߇欒 ߇≈°Á πÕâ ¬ §Õ◊ ªï 2544 ®”π«π 655,552 °Õà π  «à πªï 2545 ¡®’ ”π«π electric or electronic toys, etc. 642,343 °Õà π ·µæà ∫«“à ·∫µ‡µÕ√™Ë’ 𥑠Õπ◊Ë Ê 9. Electric and electronic tools, such as ´ßË÷ ‰¥â·°à ≈‘‡∑¬’ ¡-‰ÕÕÕπ ≈‘‡∑¬’ ¡‚æ≈‘‡¡Õ√å ´≈— ‡«Õ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å (AgO) ·≈–ÕπË◊ Ê ¡’ drills, electric or electronic saws, etc. ®”π«π‡æ¡Ë‘ ¡“°¢÷Èπ ®“°ªï 2544 ®”π«π 10. Automatic vending machine such 14,424,236 °Õà 𠇪ìπ 25,494,764 °Õà π „πªï 2545 as automatic beverage vending machine, etc. ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬«∑Ë¡’ “ : ¢¬–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬´“°‚∑√»—æ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂◊Õ-·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ‘…, 2547 Source : Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for cell phone-battery residues disposal management in Thailand, the Pollution Control Department, 2004 36

3 »Ÿπ¬å«®‘ ¬— ° ‘°√‰∑¬ ª√–¡“≥°“√ª√‘¡“≥Õªÿ °√≥几√¡‘ 3 The Thai Farmers Bank Research Center has esti- GREEN LINE ∑’Ë„™â¡“°∑Ë’ ÿ¥ §◊Õ ·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ ‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥°“√„™â·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë mated the most used accessory devices is battery, at ‚¥¬‡©≈Ë’¬ 1.73 °âÕπ/1 ‡≈¢À¡“¬ √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìπÀŸøíß/ about 1.73 batteries per 1 mobile phone number on  ¡Õ≈∑Õ≈§å Àπ“â °“°‚∑√»æ— ∑å ·≈–´Õß„ ‚à ∑√»æ— ∑å µ“¡≈”¥∫— average, while the runner-up is headphone/small talk, ‚¥¬ºŸâ„™â‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë “¡“√∂À“´È◊ÕÕÿª°√≥几√‘¡‰¥â®“° mobile phone cover and case, respectively. Mobile »Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√¢Õ߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬ √â“πµ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬‡§√Ë◊Õß≈Ÿ°¢à“¬ phone users are able to purchase mobile accessories »Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√≈Ÿ°§â“¢Õߺ⟄Àâ∫√‘°“√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ·≈–√â“π®”Àπà“¬ at the mobile phone network service centers, agents, Õÿª°√≥å‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬ ‘π§â“¡®’ ”Àπà“¬„À‡â ≈Õ◊ ° the call center of mobile phone operator centers, and À≈“°À≈“¬∑ȗߢÕß·∑â ¢Õ߇≈’¬π·∫∫À√◊Õ¢Õß¡’§ÿ≥¿“æµË” other mobile phones shops with a variety of products ‚¥¬¡·’ ∫µ‡µÕ√‡’Ë ªπì  π‘ §“â ∑¡Ë’ ¡’ ≈Ÿ §“à °“√®”Àπ“à ¬ ßŸ  ¥ÿ §¥‘ ‡ªπì either the copy one or the low quality one. The mobile ¡≈Ÿ §“à µ≈“¥„πªï 2547 ‰¡àµ”Ë °«à“ 1,800 ≈“â π∫“∑ phone battery is the most purchase products with the market value of no less than 1,800 million baht in 2004. πÕ°®“°πÈ’ µ≈“¥Õÿª°√≥几√‘¡‰¥â¡’°“√æ—≤π“‡æË‘¡¢÷È𠵓¡°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßµ≈“¥‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊ե⫬‡™àπ°—π ´Ë÷ß¡’∑È—ß Moreover, the accessory market has been increas- Õªÿ °√≥‡å  √¡‘ ¢Õß·∑´â ßË÷ ¡Õ’ “¬°ÿ “√„™ßâ “ππ“π·µ√à “§“·æß ·≈– ingly developed proportionately with the growth of the ¢Õ߇∑’¬¡´÷Ëß¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π —Èπ·µà√“§“∂Ÿ° ·µà∑È—ßπ’Èªí®®—¬∑’Ë mobile phone market as well. The market consists of ‡¢â“¡“™à«¬‡ √‘¡„Àâµ≈“¥Õÿª°√≥几√‘¡¢Õß·∑â„πªï 2547 ¡’ the sales of the genuine long-lasting accessory with °“√¢¬“¬µ«— ¢È÷ππ—πÈ ‡πÕË◊ ß¡“®“°·π«‚πâ¡¢Õß√“§“®”Àπ“à ¬¡’ higher tag price, and the sales of the used and fake °“√ª√∫— µ«— ≈¥≈ß Õπ— ‡πÕ◊Ë ß¡“®“°°“√ª√∫— ≈¥Õµ— √“¿“…π’ ”‡¢“â shorter life span one but demanding lower price. However, ‚¥¬·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈Ë◊Õπ∑’Ëπ—Èπ ª√—∫≈¥Õ—µ√“¿“…’π”‡¢â“ the factor supporting the growth of genuine accessory ®“°√Õâ ¬≈– 40 µ“¡¡≈Ÿ §à“ ‡À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 15 µ“¡¡≈Ÿ §à“ ‡√‘Ë¡¡’ market in 2004 was the tendency of the price reduction º≈∫ß— §∫— „™„â πªï 2547 ·≈–„πªï 2548 ®–ª√∫— ≈¥≈߇À≈Õ◊ √Õâ ¬≈– due to the reduced import tariffs. The import tariffs of 10 ¢Õß¡≈Ÿ §“à µ“¡ª√–°“»¢Õß°√¡»≈ÿ °“°√ ´ß÷Ë √“§“∑ªË’ √∫— ≈¥ mobile phone batteries were reduced from 40% of the ≈ßπ®’È – ßà º≈„À°â “√„™ßâ “π¢ÕßÕªÿ °√≥‡å  √¡‘ ¢Õß·∑‡â æ¡‘Ë ¡“°¢π÷È value to 15%, effective since 2004. In 2005 it will be down to 10% of the value according to the announcement º≈°√–∑∫∑“ߥâ“π∫«°¢Õß°“√„™âÕÿª°√≥å¢Õß·∑âπ—Èπ of the Customs Department. This tariff reduction has πÕ°®“°®–∑”„À‚â Õ°“ „π°“√‡°¥‘ Õπ— µ√“¬®“°°“√„™Õâ ªÿ °√≥å affected the increased use of genuine mobile phone ‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π≈¥≈ß·≈â« ¬—߇ªìπ°“√™à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– accessories. Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å À√◊Õ¢¬–¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õÿª°√≥å¢Õß·∑âπ—Èπ ¡°— ®–¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™ßâ “ππ“π « — ¥ÿÕªÿ °√≥å∑„’Ë ™ºâ ≈‘µ¡’¡“µ√∞“π The positive impact of the use of genuine accessories  “°≈ (International Standard) „π¢≥–∑Õ’Ë ªÿ °√≥¢å Õߪ≈Õ¡ is not only the reduction of the chance of danger from ππÈ— Õ“®„™«â  — ¥Õÿ ªÿ °√≥°å “√º≈µ‘ ∑‰’Ë ¡‰à ¥¡â “µ√∞“π‡°¥‘ °“√√«—Ë ‰À≈ using off-spec accessories but also the reduction of the ¢Õß “√∑Ë’„™âº≈‘µ·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬·≈–¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√ amount of electronic junk or mobile phone junk, for the „™ßâ “π πÈ— genuine accessories last longer in usage. The materials used in production of the original ones are qualified for Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ºâŸ„™â‡Õß°ÁµâÕß欓¬“¡»÷°…“§àŸ¡◊Õ°“√„™â International standard, while the fake ones may use Õÿª°√≥å‡æË◊Õ„Àâ “¡“√∂„™âß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“߇µÁ¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‡™àπ unqualified materials, causing leakage of chemicals used °“√™“√å®·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π in the production and posing hazards and having shorter ™—Ë«‚¡ß°“√™“√å®·≈–≈—°…≥–°“√™“√å® ´÷ËßÀ“°‰¡àªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ product life use. À√◊ժؑ∫—µ‘‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß°ÁÕ“®°àÕ„À⇰‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬°—∫ºâŸ„™âß“π‰¥â À√◊Õ¡Õ’ “¬°ÿ “√„™âß“π∑Ë’ È—π°«à“∑§Ë’ «√®–‡ªπì ¥ß— πÈ—π °“√»÷°…“ However, the users must try to study the accessory ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√„™âß“π®÷߇ªìπ Ë‘ß®”‡ªìπ·≈–‰¡à§«√∑Ë’®–≈–‡≈¬À√◊Õ manual in order to use them effectively. For example, ¡Õߢ“â ¡ the recharge of each type of battery is different in charging duration and type of charging if not followed ∂â“∑à“π ß —¬«à“‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡§√Ë◊Õß®‘ΫπÈ’®–°àÕ¡≈æ‘… or improperly conformed, it may pose danger to the µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬à“߉√‡¡Ë◊Õ°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑Ë’‡√“ users or its life span may be shorter than it should be. ‚¬π∑‘È߉ª·≈â« °Á≈Õß¡“»÷°…“¥Ÿ«à“ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚∑√»—æ∑å 37

¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’Õ–‰√∫â“ß ‡æ√“–‡¡Ë◊Õ‡√“∑‘Èß´“°¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈â« “√‡§¡’ Therefore, the study of product usage is necessary and ·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫µà“ßÊ ∑Õ’Ë ¬à„Ÿ πµ—«‡§√◊ÕË ß°Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–∑Ë’ should not be neglected or over-looked. ·∑√°´¡÷   Ÿà Ë‘ß·«¥≈Õâ ¡‡™àπ°π— If you are questioning how this minuscule mobile  à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚∑√»æ— ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ phone can contaminate the environment when 1. µ—«‡§√Ë◊Õß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ·ºß«ß®√ (¡’‚≈À–¡’§à“·≈– becoming an electronic junk after being dumped, then  “√Õπ— µ√“¬À≈“¬™π¥‘ ‰¥·â °à ∑Õß·¥ß ∑Õߧ”  “√ÀπŸ æ≈«ß you should know its components. When we dump the ‡∫√≈‘ ‡≈¬’ ¡  “√∑π‰ø∑∑’Ë ”®“°‚∫√¡π’ ·§¥‡¡¬’ ¡ µ–°«—Ë π°‘ ‡°≈‘ mobile phone, the chemicals and its components are æ“≈“‡¥¬’ ¡ ‡ßπ‘ ·∑π∑“≈¡— ·≈– ß— °– )’ ®Õº≈°÷ ‡À≈« (LCD) turned into waste lingering in the environment as well. ( à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õߺ≈÷°‡À≈«π—Èπ¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥·≈–¡’√–¥—∫ §«“¡Õ—πµ√“¬∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°π— ) ≈”‚æß·≈–‰¡‚§√‚øπ (¡’¢π“¥ The constituents of mobile phone are: ‡≈Á°¡“°·µà°Á¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚≈À–Àπ—°) Àπâ“°“°À√◊Õ 1. The body consists of printed circuit board (a  «à πÀÕà À¡âÿ ¢Õß‚∑√»æ— ∑å(∑”®“°æ≈“ µ°‘ ∑‡Ë’ ªπì ‚æ≈§’ “√∫å Õ‡πµ valuable metal and hazardous substances exist such as À√Õ◊ ‡Õ∫’‡Õ  À√Õ◊ ‡ªìπ à«πº ¡¢Õß “√∑Èß—  Õß™π¥‘ ) ·ºàπªÉ¡ÿ copper, gold, gallium arsenide, antimony, beryllium, °¥ ·≈–µ—«π” —≠≠“≥ asbestos made of bromine, cadmium, lead, nickel, 2. ‡§√Ë◊Õß·ª≈ß·√ߥ—π‰øøÑ“‡æË◊Õ„™âÕ—¥‰ø·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë palladium, silver, tantalum and zinc) liquid-crystal display æ∫«à“¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°‡ªìπ≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß∑’Ë¡’æ≈“ µ‘°Àÿâ¡ panel (LCD) (there are many types of liquid-crystal ·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫ÕË◊πÊ „πª√‘¡“≥‡≈Á°πâÕ¬§◊Õ ∑Õߧ” display components and pose different level of hazards) ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ·≈–µ—«∑π‰ø speaker and microphone (very small in size but consisted 3. ·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π/·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ´÷Ëß‚¥¬∑Ë—«‰ª®–‡ªìπ·∫∫∑Ë’ of heavy metal in composition) masks or those covering  “¡“√∂Õ—¥‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„À¡‰à ¥â ´Ë÷߉¥·â °à ™π‘¥π°‘ ‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡ the phone (made of polycarbonate or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastics or the mix of the two) pressing √âÕ¬≈–¢Õß à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ—πµ√“¬‚¥¬π”È Àπ°— ¢Õß·∫µ‡µÕ√’∑Ë Ë’Õ¥— ª√–®„ÿ À¡‰à ¥â The percentage of hazardous constituents by weight of rechargeable battery  “√Õ—πµ√“¬/ ™π‘¥π°‘ ‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡/ ™π¥‘ π‘°‡°‘≈-‚≈À–‰Œ‰¥√¥/å ™π¥‘ ≈‘‡∑’¬¡-‰ÕÕπ/ Hazardous sabstances Nickle-Cadmium Nickel-Metal Hydride Lithium-Ion ·§¥‡¡’¬¡-Cadmium 6-26 30-50 ¡’·µ‰à ¡à∑√“∫ª√¡‘ “≥/ π‘°‡°≈‘ / “√ª√–°Õ∫π°‘ ‡°≈‘ -Nickel/Nickel compound 11-30  —ß°– ’-Zinc 0-2 some but unidentified quantity ∑Õß·¥ß-Copper ‚§∫Õ≈µ/å  “√ª√–°Õ∫‚§∫Õ≈µå-Cobalt/Cobalt compound 5-20 ·¡ß°“π ’ -Manganese 2-15 2.5-8 <25 0-2 ¡’·µà‰¡à∑√“∫ª√¡‘ “≥/ Õ–≈Ÿ¡‡‘ π’¬¡-Aluminum <3-10 some but unidentified quantity  “√ª√–°Õ∫≈‡‘ ∑¬’ ¡-Lithium compound 1-25 ‡À≈°Á °≈“â -Steel 0-1 2-10 ‚æ≈‰’ «π≈’ Õ¥‘ π’ ø≈ŸÕÕ‰√¥å-Polyvinylidine fluoride 0-1 <25 µ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õπ‘ ∑√’¬å-Organic solvents 1-25 15-30 §“√∫å Õπ/·°√‰øµ-å Carbon/graphite 0-5 10-20 3-30 ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬«∑Ë¡’ “ : ¢¬–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õπ— µ√“¬´“°‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ -·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®¥— °“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ , 2547 Source : Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for cell phone-battery residues disposal mangement in Thailand, the Pollution Control Department, 2004 38

‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« π”È ‡À≈◊Õß ∑”≈“¬°“√∑”ß“π¢Õßµ—∫ ¡’º≈µàÕ√–∫∫ª√– “∑ is the organ that is exposed to substance. Those who ·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘µâ“π∑“π continuously receive this substance from inhaling will develop Berylicosis disease which affects lungs. If exposed §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õ߇∫√‘≈‡≈’¬¡ „™â„π ª√‘ß·≈–µ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡ to the skin, it will cause severe wound, abnormal function ‡ªπì  “√°Õà ¡–‡√Áß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¡–‡√Áߪե´Ëß÷ ‡ªìπÕ«—¬«–∑’‰Ë ¥â√—∫ of thyroid and endocrine glands, accumulated in breast  “√ º‰âŸ ¥√â ∫—  “√πÕÈ’ ¬“à ßµÕà ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°°“√ ¥Ÿ ¥¡®–°≈“¬‡ªπì ‚√§ milk, bloodstream and transferred in the food chain. Beryllicosis ´Ë÷ß¡’º≈°—∫ªÕ¥ À“° —¡º— ®–∑”„À⇰‘¥·º≈∑’Ë The Toxicity of arsenic, used in the circuit board, causes º‘«Àπ—ßÕ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß ∑”„Àâ√–∫∫°“√∑”ß“π¢ÕßµàÕ¡‰∑√Õ¬¥å disruption of the nervous, skin, and digestive systems. If ·≈–µàÕ¡‰√â∑àÕº‘¥ª°µ‘  – ¡„ππ”È π¡ °√–· ‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈– exposed in large quantity, it might cause death. ∂à“¬∑Õ¥„πÀ«à ß‚´Õà “À“√ The Toxicity of nickel, a battery component, has §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß “√ÀπŸ ´÷Ëß„™â„π·ºß«ß®√ ®–¡’º≈ nickel dust which is classified as animal tested carcinogen ∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑ º‘«Àπ—ß ·≈–√–∫∫°“√¬àÕ¬Õ“À“√ and might cause lung cancer in tested animals. And it À“°‰¥√â —∫„πª√‘¡“≥¡“°Õ“®∑”„À∂â ÷ßµ“¬‰¥â might have impact on the reproductive system as well. The chronic result from nickel exposure, moreover, is §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õßπ‘°‡°‘≈ ´÷Ë߇ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß allergic to skin, which is skin burn, itching, rash, and ·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ ΩÉπÿ π°‘ ‡°≈‘ ∂Ÿ°®¥— «à“‡ªìπ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß„π µ— «å∑¥≈Õß allergic to lung, similar to asthma and chest tight. ·≈–Õ“®‡ªπì  “‡Àµ„ÿ À‡â °¥‘ ¡–‡√ßÁ ªÕ¥„π µ— «å∑¥≈Õß ·≈–Õ“® ¡’º≈µàÕ√–∫∫ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå¥â«¬ πÕ°®“°π’È º≈‡√È◊Õ√—ß®“°°“√ The Toxicity of Lithium, a component of battery, is  ¡— º— π°‘ ‡°≈‘ ‰¥·â °à °“√·æ¢â Õߺ‘«Àπ—ß ´ß÷Ë ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ °“√ harmful when taken, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. ¡’·º≈‰À¡â §—𠇪ìπº◊Ëπ·¥ß ¡’Õ“°“√·æâ¢Õߪե §≈⓬°“√ This substance severely damages the tissues of mucous ‡ªìπÀÕ∫À◊¥ ·≈–·ππà Àπ“â Õ° membrane and respiratory system, including eyes and skin. The inhale causes convulsion, inflammatory of larynx §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß≈‘‡∑’¬¡ ´Ë÷߇ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß and bronchi, chemical-related pneumonia, and lung ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬‡¡Ë◊Õ°≈◊π°‘π  Ÿ¥¥¡ À√◊Õ∂Ÿ°¥Ÿ¥´÷¡ edema. The symptoms while exposed to substance are ºà“πº«‘ Àπ—ß  “√π’È∑”≈“¬‡πÈÕ◊ ‡¬Ë◊Õ¢Õ߇¬ÕË◊ ∫‡ÿ ¡Õ◊ °·≈–∑“߇¥π‘ burning pain, coughing, wheezing, infection at the upper À“¬„® √«¡∑—Èߥ«ßµ“·≈–º«‘ Àπß— Õ¬“à ß√πÿ ·√ß °“√ Ÿ¥¥¡Õ“® bronchi, repetitive breathing, headache, nausea and °Õà „À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√™°— °≈àÕ߇ ¬’ ß·≈–À≈Õ¥≈¡„À≠Õà —°‡ ∫ ‚√§ vomiting. ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫®“° “√‡§¡’·≈–πÈ”∑à«¡ªÕ¥ Õ“°“√µà“ßÊ ¢Õß °“√‰¥√â ∫—  “√Õ“®ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬§«“¡√ âŸ °÷ ª«¥· ∫ª«¥√Õâ π ‰Õ Guidelines of Cell Phone and Battery Disposal À“¬„®¡‡’  ’¬ßÀ«¥’ °“√Õ—°‡ ∫∑’˵Õπ∫π¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥≈¡ À“¬„® The government sector has foreseen the potential ∂Ë’ ª«¥»√’ …– §≈Ë◊π‡À¬’ π ·≈–Õ“‡®¬’ π threats that it may occur so it has initiated the Recovery ·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ of Battery and Cell Phone Remnants Project, requiring ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ the support from those involved as follows: ¿“§√—∞ ‰¥â‡≈Á߇ÀÁ𧫓¡‡ Ë’¬ß„πÕ—πµ√“¬∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â Business owner, manufacturer, distributor and mobile ®÷߉¥â√‘‡√Ë‘¡‚§√ß°“√ π—∫ πÿπ°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·≈– phone operators are required to: ‚∑√»æ— ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ ‚¥¬¢Õ§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°ºâŸ∑ˇ’ °¬’Ë «¢Õâ ß ¥ß— π’È - Set the location to return deteriorated cell phones ºªâŸ √–°Õ∫°“√ º≈µ‘ ®”Àπ“à ¬ ·≈–„À∫â √°‘ “√‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ or batteries with the help of cell phone distributor, shops ®–µâÕߥ”‡ππ‘ °“√ : or payment service, which is located around the country. - °”Àπ¥®ÿ¥µ—Èß«“ß√—∫´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ - Colect the remnant of mobile phones and batteries ∑‡Ë’  Õ◊Ë ¡ ¿“æ‚¥¬Õ“»¬— √“â π§“â µ«— ·∑π®”Àπ“à ¬‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ and transport them to be disposed of by the waste ®ÿ¥®”Àπ“à ¬ À√◊Õ ∂“π∑’Ë√—∫™”√–§à“∫√°‘ “√‚∑√»æ— ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ ´ß÷Ë disposal plant (Factory Type 101, 105, and 106), which ¡°’ √–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑«Ë— ª√–‡∑» are legally registered. - √«∫√«¡´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë à߉ª°”®—¥ - Mobile phone operators with the cooperation of ‚¥¬‚√ßß“πºâŸ√—∫∫√‘°“√°”®—¥ Ë‘ߪؑ°Ÿ≈·≈–«— ¥ÿ∑’ˉ¡à„™â·≈â« 40

(‚√ßß“πª√–‡¿∑∑Ë’ 101, 105 ·≈– 106) ´ß÷Ë ¢πÈ÷ ∑–‡∫’¬πÕ¬à“ß mobile phone and battery manufacturers and importers ∂°Ÿ µâÕßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ in the form of partnership cooperation are responsible for the cost of the disposal of cell phones and batteries, - ºâŸª√–°Õ∫°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫ which are eliminated at the waste and unusable materials ∫√‘…—∑ºâŸº≈‘µ ºâŸπ”‡¢â“‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë „π disposal plant (Factory Type 101, 105, and 106), which ≈—°…≥–Àâÿπ à«π (Partnership Cooperation) √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ are legally registered. §à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√®—¥°“√´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚¥¬ §”π÷ß∂÷ß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‚√ßß“πºâŸ√—∫∫√‘°“√°”®—¥ ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈ - Support and promote of the return of non-used ·≈–«— ¥ÿ∑Ë’‰¡à„™â·≈«â (‚√ßß“πª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 101, 105 ·≈– 106) or worn-out cell phones and batteries to the location of ´ß÷Ë ¢Èπ÷ ∑–‡∫¬’ πÕ¬“à ß∂°Ÿ µÕâ ßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ disposal to customers and people. -  à߇ √‘¡·≈–‡º¬·æ√àª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å„Àâ≈Ÿ°§â“·≈– - Support and promote mobile phone users to ª√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª √à«¡¡◊Õ√à«¡„®°—ππ”´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈– gain knowledge of the correct and effective method ·∫µ‡µÕ√∑’Ë Ë’‰¡„à ™·â ≈â«À√Õ◊ ‡ ÕË◊ ¡ ¿“æ¡“∑ß‘È „π®¥ÿ ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ use of mobile phones and batteries for longer product life span. -  à߇ √‘¡·≈–‡º¬·æ√àª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å„ÀâºâŸ„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å ¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ¡§’ «“¡√Ÿâ·≈– “¡“√∂„™â‚∑√»—æ∑¡å ◊Õ∂Õ◊ ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√‰’Ë ¥â Apart from the toxic chemical substance of the Õ¬“à ß∂°Ÿ µÕâ ß·≈–¡ª’ √– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ‡æÕ◊Ë „À¡â Õ’ “¬°ÿ “√„™ßâ “π¬π◊ ¬“«¢πÈ÷ mobile phone and battery components, the use of mobile phones also causes a number of diseases. Todayûs πÕ°®“°‡√◊ËÕߢÕß “√‡§¡’∑Ë’‡ªìπæ‘…„π à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß children even in the elementary level use mobile phones. ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’·≈â« °“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¬—ß°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ Before your handing of mobile phone to your children ‚√§¿—¬Õ’°À≈“¬ª√–°“√ ¬Ë‘ß ¡—¬π’ȇ¥Á°Ê √–¥—∫ª√–∂¡°Á¬—ß„™â and even to yourself, you might as well read the article ‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ ‡≈¬´ß÷Ë °Õà π∑∑’Ë “à π®–À¬∫‘ ¬π◊Ë ¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ „À≈â °Ÿ À≈“π published in Matichon Newspapers, dated 24 October À√◊Õ·¡â·µàµ—«∑à“π‡Õß ∑à“π≈ÕßÕà“π∫∑§«“¡∑’˵’æ‘¡æå„π 2005, and then reconsider the use of mobile phone Àπ—ß Õ◊ æ‘¡æ¡å µ‘™π ©∫—∫«—π∑Ë’ 24 µ≈ÿ “§¡ 2548 ∑’‡Ë æßË‘ º“à π¡“ more carefully. The article stated: π°’È Õà π ·≈«â §Õà ¬æ®‘ “√≥“°“√„™‚â ∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ Õ¬“à ß√–¡¥— √–«ß— ®–¥°’ «à“ ∫∑§«“¡¥—ß°≈à“«√“¬ß“π«“à Dr.Theerawat Hemachutha, a nerve system surgeon, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, revealed π.æ.∏√’ «—≤πå ‡À¡–®ÿ±“ »≈— ¬·æ∑¬å√–∫∫ª√– “∑ §≥– that the research team at Harvard University has con- ·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ®Ãÿ “≈ß°√≥¡å À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ‡ª¥î ‡º¬«à“ §≥–π°— ducted research on how the use of mobile phone has «‘®—¬®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Œ“√å«“√å¥ »÷°…“«‘®—¬°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å long-term effect on human health. They have found ¡Õ◊ ∂◊Õ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ√–¬–¬“« æ∫«à“°“√„™‚â ∑√»æ— ∑å that the use of mobile phone has impacts on the ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§«“¡‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß„π√–¥—∫‡´≈≈å¢Õß change of human cellûs level, causing the deterioration ¡π…ÿ ¬å ∑”„À°â “√´Õà ¡·´¡¥‡’ ÕπÁ ‡Õ„π√“à ß°“¬‡ ÕË◊ ¡ ¡√√∂¿“æ of DNA repairment of the body, and the potential of ·≈–¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â∑”„À⇰‘¥‡πÈ◊ÕßÕ°À√◊Õ¡–‡√Áß∑Ë’ ¡Õ߉¥â lump or brain cancer and found that there is the cor- ·≈–æ∫«à“‡πÈ◊ÕßÕ°∑’Ë ¡Õß¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å relation between brain lump and the use of cell phone. That is the patients with brain lump have the lumps at the same side where they use the cell phone. If using GREEN LINE the cell phone at the right hand side, the brain lump is found at the right side. Inside the lump, a special cell found only in the mobile phone user is detected. Additionally, the Consumer Protection Bureau of UK has issued the warning to people especially teenag- ers under 16 years old should not use the mobile phone as it is believed that during that age, the brain of the teenager has not yet been fully developed. Their skull is not thick enough to bear the impact of magnetic 41

¡◊Õ∂◊Õ °≈à“«§◊Õæ∫«à“ºâŸªÉ«¬∑Ë’‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°„π ¡Õß®–‡ªìπ wave or radioactivity from the mobile phone. In the ¢â“߇¥’¬«°—∫¢â“ß∑Ë’„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å ∂â“∂◊Õ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¢â“ߢ«“ foreign countries, there are recommendations for those °Á‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°∑Ë’ ¡Õߢâ“ߢ«“ ·≈–¬—ßæ∫«à“„π‡πÈ◊ÕßÕ°π—Èπ¡’ who must the mobile phone regularly, to use hand-free ‡´≈≈≈å °— …≥–懑 »…∑Ëæ’ ∫‡©æ“–„πº∑⟠„Ë’ ™‚â ∑√»—æ∑¡å ◊Õ∂◊Õ accessories to maintain some distance and rate of mobile usage away from the brain. At the same time πÕ°®“°πÈ’§≥–°√√¡°“√§âÿ¡§√ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§¢Õߪ√–‡∑» a lot of controversial, concerning of how the use of Õ—ß°ƒ… ¬—߉¥âÕÕ°ª√–°“»‡µ◊Õπª√–™“™π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–«—¬√àÿπ hand free can much lessen the impact of cell phone Õ“¬µÿ ”Ë °«à“ 16 ªï ‰¡à§«√„™‚â ∑√»—æ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂◊Õ ‡æ√“–‡™◊ÕË «“à ™«à ß to the brain, exists. As the power of magnetic wave Õ“¬ÿ¥—ß°≈à“« ¡ÕߢÕ߇¥Á°«—¬√ÿàπ¬—߇µ‘∫‚µæ—≤π“‰¡à‡µÁ¡∑’Ë from the mobile phone is greatest when call ringing, Õ’°∑—Èß°–‚À≈°»’√…–‰¡àÀπ“æÕ∑’Ë®–√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°§≈◊Ëπ which during that time the antenna will give off the ·¡‡à À≈°Á À√Õ◊ √ß—  ®’ “°‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ ‰¥Õâ ¬“à ߇µ¡Á ‡¡¥Á ‡µ¡Á Àπ«à ¬ power to transmit the signal. Therefore, when necessarily „πµà“ߪ√–‡∑»πÈ—π¡’§”·π–π”„À⺟â∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµâÕß„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å used, it should be used to the minimum. And when ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡ªìπª√–®” „Àâ„™âÕÿª°√≥å·Œπ¥åø√’™à«¬‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√‘¡“≥ there is a call ringing, press the receive button away ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊ÕÀà“ß ¡Õß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¢≥– from the body and for safety reason slowly pick it up to ‡¥’¬«°—π°Á¡’π—°«‘®—¬∂°‡∂’¬ß‡√◊ËÕß·Œπ¥åø√’π’ÈÕ¬àŸ¡“°«à“®–™à«¬ the ears. This is because the impact from the use of all ∫√√‡∑“º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ¡Õ߉¥â¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥ ‡πË◊Õß®“° kinds of cell phone operators or brands does not show æ≈—ßß“π§≈Ë◊π·¡à‡À≈Á°®“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®–¡’¡“°∑Ë’ ÿ¥¢≥–∑’Ë immediately but it will be accumulated in the long ¡’ “¬‡√’¬°‡¢â“ ´÷Ëß√–À«à“ßπ—Èπ‡ “ —≠≠“≥®–ª≈àÕ¬æ≈—ßß“π term. ÕÕ°¡“°‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫ àß —≠≠“≥ ‡æ√“–©–πÈ—πÀ“°®”‡ªìπµâÕß„™â ¢Õ„À„â ™πâ Õâ ¬∑ Ë’ ¥ÿ ·≈–‡¡Õ◊Ë ¡ ’ ≠— ≠“≥‚∑√»æ— ∑‡å √¬’ °‡¢“â ¡“ °¥ Though the use of mobile phone is necessary nowadays, √∫—  “¬„ÀÀâ “à ßµ«—  °— æ°— ®ß÷ §Õà ¬π”¡“·π∫ÀŸ‡æÕ◊Ë §«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿¬— it is definitely harmful to health and environment in the ‡æ√“–º≈°√–∑∫®“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ∑ÿ°√–∫∫ ∑ÿ°¬Ë’ÀâÕ ‰¡à‰¥â future. Once realizing this, the easy alternative way is do · ¥ßÕÕ°„Àâ‡ÀπÁ ∑π— ∑’∑π— „¥ ·µà®–‡ªìπº≈ – ¡√–¬–¬“« not use or purchase cell phone in fashion like luxury goods but purchase with necessity. One way to help ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·¡âπ«à“®–®”‡ªìπ„π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬πÈ’ ·µà°Á¡’ lessen the burden of electronic waste and solve the ‚∑…µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ·≈– Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πÕπ“§µÕ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ problem at its root, is to promote the campaign to people ‡¡Ë◊Õ√ŸâÕ¬à“ßπ’È·≈â« ∑“߇≈◊Õ°Àπ÷Ëß∑Ë’‡√“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âÕ¬à“ß to raise the awareness of the shopping habit by reducing ßà“¬Ê §Õ◊ Õ¬“à ‡≈◊Õ°´È◊Õ‡≈◊Õ°„™â‚∑√»—æ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂◊Õµ“¡·ø™Ëπ— and stop purchasing luxury goods. Just doing this ‡ ¡Õ◊ π¢Õß πÈ‘ ‡ª≈Õ◊ ß „À‡â ≈Õ◊ °´ÕÈ◊ ‡≈Õ◊ °„™¥â «â ¬§«“¡®”‡ªπì enables you to improve your quality of life in every ®–‡ªìπ·π«∑“ßÀπË÷ß∑’Ë “¡“√∂™à«¬≈¥¿“√–°“√°”®—¥¢¬– aspect both in terms of economic and environmental Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å·≈–‡ªìπ°“√·°â∑Ë’ “‡Àµÿ‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« §◊Õ side and for your descendants to have the better √≥√ߧ„å Àªâ √–™“™π‡°¥‘ ®µ‘  ”π°÷ °“√‡≈Õ◊ °´Õ◊È ‡≈Õ◊ °„™ â π‘ §“â environment. ‚¥¬≈¥·≈–‡≈‘°°“√®—∫®à“¬ ‘π§â“øÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ ‡æ’¬ß‡∑à“π’ȇÕß °Á “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’„Àâ°—∫µ—«§ÿ≥„π∑ÿ°¥â“π ∑È—ß „π¥â“π‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–‡æË◊Õ„Àâ≈Ÿ°À≈“π ¢Õߧÿ≥‰¥¡â ’™’«µ‘ „π ‘ßË ·«¥≈Õâ ¡∑¥’Ë µ’ Õà ‰ª ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« Õ“â ßÕß‘ Reference 1. 碬–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬´“°‚∑√»—æ∑¡å ◊Õ∂Õ◊ -·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë 1. Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®¥— °“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡ cell phone-battery residues disposal management in Thailand, ¡≈æ‘…, 2547é the Pollution Control Department, 2004 2. www.nso.go.th 2. www.nso.go.th 3. www.pcd.go.th 3. www.pcd.go.th 42

pad and carrying signals 2. Adapter for battery charger has copper wire covered with plastic as main component with other components of gold, cadmium and asbestos in small quantity. 3. Energy Sources/Battery generally is the recharge- able one. They are nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd), Nickel-Ferrus batteries (Ni-Fe) and Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries (Ni-MH) until the current one that uses Lithium-Ion batteries (Li-ion) which can store higher electric amp and be recharged while containing electricity but the cost of some model remains high. (Ni-Cd) ™π¥‘ π°‘ ‡°≈‘ -‡À≈°Á (Ni-Fe) ·≈–™π¥‘ π°‘ ‡°≈‘ -‚≈À– Toxicity of Mobile Phone and Battery Remnants GREEN LINE ‰Œ‰¥√¥å (Ni-MH) ®π¡“∂÷ß√ÿàπªí®®ÿ∫—π´Ë÷ßπ‘¬¡„™â·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ Once cell phone and battery remnants together ™π¥‘ ≈‡‘ ∑¬’ ¡-‰ÕÕπ (Li-ion) ´ßË÷  “¡“√∂ª√–®‰ÿ øø“Ñ ‰¥¡â “°°«“à ·≈– “¡“√∂™“√®å ‰ø‰¥„â π¢≥–∑¬Ë’ ß— ¡‰’ øÕ¬Ÿà ·µ„à π∫“ß√πàÿ °¬Á ß— ¡’ with household garbage are disposed of and time has √“§“ ßŸ gone by, the cover of cell phones and batteries will be deteriorated or corroded. Deteriorated chemical sub- Õ—πµ√“¬®“°´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë stances will then be released to the environment and this toxic will linger in the ecological and food chain ‡¡◊ËÕ∑‘Èß´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ª–ªπ‰ª systems, through soil, water and air, causing various °—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“ºà“π‰ª à«π‡ª≈◊Õ°ÀàÕÀâÿ¡¢Õß hazards as follows: ‡§√◊ËÕß‚∑√»—æ∑å·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’®–‡ Ë◊Õ¡ ¿“æÀ√◊Õºÿ°√àÕπ  “√ ‡§¡’∑Ë’‡ Ë◊Õ¡ ¿“æ¿“¬„π®–‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“ àŸ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡  “√æ‘… The Toxicity of Lead, a component of solder with πÈ’°Á®–‡¢â“ àŸ√–∫∫𑇫»πå·≈–√–∫∫Àà«ß‚´àÕ“À“√ ºà“π∑“ߥ‘π tin in the circuit board, causes the destruction of central πÈ” ·≈–Õ“°“» ·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥Õπ— µ√“¬µ“à ßÊ ‰¥¥â —ßπÈ’ nervous brain system and blood system, the kidney function and reproduction, and the development of §«“¡‡ªπì æ…‘ ¢Õßµ–°«Ë— ‡ªπì  «à πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß°“√∫¥— °√’ childûs brain. In addition, it can be accumulated in the √à«¡°—∫¥∫’ ÿ°„π·ºß«ß®√ ¡º’ ≈∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑ «à π°≈“ß atmosphere and has immediate or persistent impact on ·≈–√–∫∫‚≈À‘µ °“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߉µ·≈–°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ ¡’º≈µàÕ plants, animals and microbes. °“√æ—≤π“ ¡ÕߢÕ߇¥Á° πÕ°®“°πÈ’ ¬—ß “¡“√∂ – ¡„π ∫√√¬“°“»·≈–‡°‘¥º≈·∫∫‡©’¬∫æ≈—πÀ√◊Õ‡√È◊Õ√—ß°—∫æ◊™  —µ«å The Toxicity of Cadmium, a component of some ·≈–®≈ÿ ™æ’ types of battery, can be accumulated in the body, particularly in the kidney, causing damages to nervous §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ´Ë÷߇ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß system, affecting the child development and pregnancy ·∫µ‡µÕ√∫’Ë “ߪ√–‡¿∑  “¡“√∂ – ¡„π√“à ß°“¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∑‰Ë’ µ state and perhaps to the genetics. ∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑  àߺ≈µàÕæ—≤π“°“√¢Õ߇¥Á°·≈–¿“«– °“√µß—È §√√¿å ·≈–¬ß— Õ“®¡º’ ≈µàÕæπ— ∏ÿ°√√¡ The Toxicity of asbestos made of bromine, used in the electric wire box, circuit board and connector, §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß “√∑π‰ø´÷Ëß∑”®“°‚∫√¡’π ´Ë÷ß„™â might be toxic and accumulated in the living creature. „π°≈àÕß “¬‰ø ·ºß«ß®√·≈–µ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡ Õ“®‡ªìπæ‘…·≈– If mixed with copper, it causes higher risk of dioxin and  – ¡„π ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µ ∂â“¡’∑Õß·¥ß√à«¡¥â«¬®–‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡‡ Ë’¬ß„π furans formation during the combustion which is class I °“√‡°‘¥‰¥ÕäÕ°´‘π·≈–øî«·√π√–À«à“ß°“√‡º“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√°àÕ carcinogen. It causes damages to digestive system and ¡–‡√Áß∑’Ë√⓬·√ߪ√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß  àߺ≈‡ ’¬µàÕ√–∫∫°“√¬àÕ¬·≈– lymph, damages liver function, and has the impact to the nervous system and immune system. The Toxicity of Beryllium, used in the spring and connector, is a carcinogen especially lung cancer, which 39

 —ߧ¡ ’‡¢’¬« ‚¥¬ : §√√™‘µ ªîµ–°“ ‡√’¬∫‡√¬’ ß‚¥¬ : «√‘ √“ ª√–‡ π¡≈Ÿ Green Society by : Kanchit Pitaka Edited by : Warisara Prasenmoon „πª®í ®∫ÿ π— ‰¥¡â °’ “√π”¢¬–°≈∫— ¡“„™ªâ √–‚¬™π°å π— ¡“°¢πÈ÷ ‚¥¬„™‡â ∑§‚π‚≈¬·’ ≈–°√–∫«π°“√µ“à ßÊ ‡æÕË◊ ≈¥ª√¡‘ “≥¢¬–∑Ë’ ‡°¥‘ ¢πÈ÷ ∑ßÈ— π·’È π«∑“ß„π°“√®¥— °“√¢¬–¡À’ ≈“¬«∏‘ ’ ´ß÷Ë √ªŸ ·∫∫∑’Ë π¬‘ ¡°π— °Á§Õ◊ °“√®¥— °“√¢¬–‚¥¬Õ“»¬— À≈°— 5R §◊Õ R1 (Re- duce) ‡ªπì °“√≈¥ª√¡‘ “≥¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬∑ÕË’ “®‡°¥‘ ¢π÷È ‡™πà „™µâ –°√“â „ à¢Õß·∑π∂ßÿ æ≈“ µ‘° R2 (Reuse) π”¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬‡»…«— ¥ÿ ¡“„™„â À¡Õà °’ À√Õ◊ ‡ªπì °“√„™´â È” „™·â ≈«â „™Õâ °’ Ê ‡™πà ¢«¥π”È À«“π π”¡“∫√√®ÿπÈ”¥Ë◊¡ ¢«¥°“·ø∑’ËÀ¡¥·≈â«π”¡“„ àπ”È µ“≈ R3 Nowadays more and more of the reuse of waste has been carried out by using technology and different processes in order to reduce the amount of waste generated. The guidelines for waste disposal are varied but the popular method is the waste management in accordance with 5R principle, that is, R1 (Reduce), to reduce the amount of waste produced such as use a bag in place of plastic bags, R2 (Reuse), to recycle garbage, material residues or reuse, such as refill a bottle of sweet drinks with plain water, or refill the empty bottle of coffee with sugar, R3 (Repair), to cor- rect, to repair the broken materials which are about to be dumped to be able to use again such as a chair, R4 (Recycle), to reuse, to transform waste, depending on the process of each type, for reuse or transform its GREEN LINE 43

√∫— ´ÕÈ◊ ¢¬–®“° ¡“™°‘ ∑°ÿ ‡ “√Àå √Õ◊ Õ“∑µ‘ ¬å ‡«≈“ 09.00-12.00 π. the burden of the parents in a way. Apart from the ‚¥¬¡√’ –∫∫∫π— ∑°÷ ¢Õâ ¡≈Ÿ ∑π’Ë ”¡“„™â ‰¥·â °à service of repurchase recyclable materials, the bank stimulates among the bank member to compete for 1. ·∫∫∑–‡∫’¬π ¡“™°‘ the top sales. At the end of the year, the member who 2.  ¡ÿ¥§àΩŸ “° ”À√∫—  ¡“™‘° has the highest sale of recyclable products will get 3. °√–¥“…∑”°“√∏𓧓√ special prize or bonus. 4. ∫—π∑°÷ °“√´ÈÕ◊ -¢“¬¢Õß ¡“™°‘ The waste bank of Wat Phan pee Municipal School º≈ ”‡√Á®¢Õß∏𓧓√¢¬–µâπ·∫∫·Ààß·√° ‰¥â¢¬“¬º≈ is open for member every Saturday or Sunday from ‰ª ™Ÿà ¡ÿ ™πÕπË◊ Ê ∑«Ë— ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈«â „π¢≥–π’È ·µ‡à πÕ◊Ë ß®“°‡ªπì 09.00-12.00 p.m. by using the database record system ‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂®—¥∑”¢È÷π¥â«¬µπ‡Õß‚¥¬Õ“»—¬ as follows: ‚§√ßß“π¢Õß‚§√ß°“√µâπ·∫∫¡“„™â‰¥âÕ¬à“ßÕ‘ √– ®÷߉¡à¡’°“√ ‡°Á∫ ∂‘µ‘·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ”‡√Á®¢Õß‚§√ß°“√‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∑Ë—«∂÷ß„π 1. Form of Member Registration ª®í ®ÿ∫—π 2. Saving Account books for members 3. Bank working paper ∏𓧓√¢¬–πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°°“√¡’ à«π™à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ 4. The record of buy-sell of the member ¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬¢Õß™¡ÿ ™π·≈«â ¬ß— ‡ªπì ·À≈ßà ‡√¬’ π√∑⟠ ’Ë ”§≠— ·Àßà Àπß÷Ë  ”À√—∫‡¥Á°Ê ·≈–§π„π™ÿ¡™π ºâŸ„À≠à„π™ÿ¡™π∑à“πÀπ÷Ëß∑Ë’ The success of the first waste bank has been ‡¢“â √«à ¡‚§√ß°“√∏𓧓√¢¬–‰¥„â À â —¡¿“…≥«å “à ç∏𓧓√¢¬– expanded to other communities throughout the country. ∑”„Àâ§π„π™ÿ¡™π√Ÿâ®—°§ÿ≥§à“¢¬–·≈–√Ÿâ«à“¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈ “¡“√∂ However, as the waste bank is a project that the ·≈°‡ª≈¬’Ë π‡ªπì ‡ß‘πµ√“‰¥·â ≈â« ¬ß— ∑”„À‡â ¥°Á √⮟ °— °“√ÕÕ¡é „π community can set up on their own based on the free ¢≥–∑º’Ë „Ÿâ À≠∑à “à πÀπßË÷ ∑¡Ë’  ’ «à π™«à ¬¥·Ÿ ≈∏𓧓√¢¬–‡ª¥î ‡º¬«“à use of the modelûs project scheme, at present the ç‡√“‡πâπ„À⇥Á°§—¥·¬°¢¬–‡°Á∫¡“®“°∫â“π ·≈–√–À«à“߇¥‘π statistics and evaluation of the project havenût been °≈—∫®“°‚√߇√’¬π ·µà‰¡à„Àâ§ÿ⬵“¡∂—ߢ¬– ‡æ√“–Õ“®∑”„Àâ widely made nationwide. In 2001 more than 30 provinces ‡¥Á°µ‘¥‡™ÈÕ◊ ·≈–º‘¥À≈°— °“√∏𓧓√¢¬–é have approximately 500 waste banks, each of which is ≈°— …≥–¢Õß ¡ÿ¥§ΩàŸ “° ”À√∫—  ¡“™‘° ‡ªπì ¥ß— πÈ’ Feature of the savings account book of the member is - µ«— Õ¬à“ß -  ¡“™°‘ ‡≈¢∑’Ë ______ ‚√߇√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈«¥— æπ— ªï ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥‚ÿ ≈° «/¥/ª √“¬°“√ π”È Àπ°— (°°.) ®”π«π‡ß‘π ºâ®Ÿ “à ¬‡ß‘π - µ«— Õ¬à“ß -‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« ‚√߇√¬’ π _______________________________________________________ ™ËÕ◊ ∫≠— ™’ ________________________ ‡≈¢∑∫Ë’ ≠— ™’ _____________________ «/¥/ª √“¬°“√ ®”π«π √“§“ ®”π«π‡ßπ‘ ‡®“â Àπâ“∑’Ë (°°.) (∫“∑) ∫“∑  µ. 46

∏𓧓√¢¬–∫√‘À“√ß“π‚¥¬°“√·µàßµßÈ— §≥–°√√¡°“√‡¬“«™π ´ßË÷ ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ ¡“™‘° 12 §π The waste bank is managed by appointing the youth committee, which consists of 12 members. ¡’∑’ªË √÷°…“∑‡Ë’ ªìπºâŸ „À≠à ´ßË÷ ¡“®“°°“√·µßà µÈß— ‚¥¬§≥–°√√¡°“√™ÿ¡™πÕ°’ 2 §π ‚¥¬¡’ºß— „π°“√∫√À‘ “√ß“π ¥—ßπ’È 2 adults, appointed by the Committee, are advisors. The organization chart is: ºŸ®â —¥°“√ (1 §π) ∑ª’Ë √°÷ …“ (1 §π) §≥–°√√¡°“√¡’Àπâ“∑√Ë’ ∫— º¥‘ ™Õ∫„π°“√∫√À‘ “√ º®âŸ ¥— °“√ (1 §π) ∑’˪√°÷ …“ (1 §π) The Committee is held responsible for √Õߺ®Ÿâ —¥°“√ (1 §π) ®—¥°“√∏𓧓√ °“√ª√–™“ —¡æπ— ∏å  ßà ‡ √¡‘ °‘®°√√¡ √ÕߺŸ®â ¥— °“√ (1 §π) the management, publicity, promotion of ®¥— ∑”∫—≠™’ ·≈–ª√– “πß“π°—∫ºªŸâ √–°Õ∫°“√§â“ activities, accounting, and coordination °√√¡°“√ (8 §π) ¢Õ߇°à“∑®Ë’ –𔉪¢“¬ ‚¥¬®–¡’°“√𗥪√–™¡ÿ °√√¡°“√ (8 §π) with the business owners. The meeting §≥–°√√¡°“√‡¥Õ◊ π≈– 1 §√—ßÈ ·≈–®–¡°’ “√µ‘¥µ“¡ of the Committee is held once a month ‡À√—≠≠‘° (1 §π) ‡≈¢“π°ÿ “√ (1 §π) ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‚¥¬∑ªË’ √÷°…“ ‡À√—≠≠°‘ (1 §π) ‡≈¢“π°ÿ “√ (1 §π) and their performance will be assessed ∑’ˉ¥√â —∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬ by the responsible advisor. ‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« (Repair) °“√π”¡“·°â‰¢ π”« — ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å∑™Ë’ ”√ÿ¥‡ ¬’ À“¬ ´ß÷Ë components and reuse, for example, plastic, paper, ®–∑ß‘È ‡ªπì ¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬¡“´Õà ¡·´¡„™„â À¡à ‡™πà ‡°“â Õ’È R4 (Recycle) glass bottle, metals, and etc. are to be melted, use °“√À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π°≈—∫¡“„™â π”¢¬–¡“·ª√√Ÿªµ“¡°√–∫«π°“√ the unusable tires to make new pair of shoes, melt the ¢Õß·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ ‡æË◊Õπ”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à À√◊Õ broken glasses and make new glass or window glass, ‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß ¿“殓°‡¥‘¡·≈â«π”¡“„™â„À¡à ‡™àπ æ≈“ µ‘° and R5 (Reject), to avoid the use of materials which °√–¥“… ¢«¥ ‚≈À–µà“ßÊ œ≈œ π”¡“À≈Õ¡„À¡à π”¬“ß are difficult to decompose or the use of the materials √∂¬πµ∑å Ë„’ ™â‰¡à‰¥·â ≈â«¡“∑”√Õ߇∑â“ π”·°«â ·µ°¡“À≈Õ¡º≈‘µ that can be used only once and then eliminated such ‡ªπì ·°â«À√◊Õ°√–®°„À¡à ·≈– R5 (Reject) °“√À≈’°‡≈Ë’¬ß°“√ as foam, and say no to the products that are difficult „™«â  — ¥ÿ∑Ë∑’ ”≈“¬¬“° À√◊Õ«— ¥∑ÿ Ë„’ ™â§√Èß— ‡¥¬’ «·≈â«∑‘ßÈ ‡™πà ‚ø¡ to decompose, or avoid the misuse of products. Owing ªØ‡‘  ∏°“√„™ºâ ≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±∑å ¬Ë’ Õà ¬ ≈“¬¬“° À≈°’ ‡≈¬Ë’ ß°“√„™∑â º’Ë ¥‘ to these technologies, the business of waste management «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ®“°‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’µà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“πÈ’∑”„À⇰‘¥∏ÿ√°‘® exists, which is commonly known as the business of ‡°¬’Ë «°—∫°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬À≈“¬√Ÿª·∫∫ ´Ë÷߇ªπì ∑Ë√’ ®âŸ —°°π— recycling waste or çwaste bank.é Õ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬°Á§◊Õ ∏ÿ√°‘®°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈¢¬– À√◊Õ ç∏𓧓√ ¢¬–é π—Ëπ‡Õß Waste Bank is a form of waste management and the support of waste separation by implementing it with ∏𓧓√¢¬–√‰’ ´‡§≈‘ ‡ªπì √ªŸ ·∫∫Àπß÷Ë ¢Õß°“√®¥— °“√¢¬– the youth and community as major and using the school ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑Ë’ as the operational site in order that the youth and ‡¬“«™π·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡ªìπÀ≈—° ·≈–„™â‚√߇√’¬π‡ªìπ ∂“π∑Ë’ community understand the segregation of waste. The ¥”‡π‘π°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇬“«™π·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡°‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π°“√ youth, thus, originates the positive idea towards waste §—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ∑”„À⇬“«™π®–‡°‘¥·π«§‘¥∑’Ë¥’µàÕ°“√ management and acknowledge values of different things ®¥— °“√¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬ ·≈–‡¢â“„®§ÿ≥§“à ¢Õß ‘ËߢÕßµà“ßÊ «à“«— ¥ÿ that some materials can be reused many times or convert ∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑ “¡“√∂𔉪„™âª√–‚¬™π剥âÀ≈“¬§√—Èß À√◊Õ them into money and help reduce the amount of waste.  “¡“√∂‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªπì ‡ß‘π‰¥â ·≈–™«à ¬„Àâª√¡‘ “≥¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬≈¥ (Department of Environmental Quality Promotion) ª√‘¡“≥≈ß (°√¡ ßà ‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡) The sparkling idea of waste bank came from an ª√–°“¬§«“¡§¥‘ ¢Õß∏𓧓√¢¬– ‡√¡Ë‘ ®“°‡®“â Àπ“â ∑¢Ë’ Õß employee of Wongphanit co., ltd., who has seen poor ∫√‘…—∑ «ß…åæ“≥‘™¬å ®”°—¥ ‰¥â‡ÀÁπ‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π¬“°®π„π students at Muang Pitsanuloke municipality gathering ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥‚ÿ ≈°√«∫√«¡« — ¥√ÿ ‰’ ´‡§‘≈¡“¢“¬ ·≈«â π”‡ßπ‘ the recyclable materials and selling them for living and ∑’Ë¢“¬«— ¥ÿ‡À≈à“π—Èπ‰¥â¡“Ω“°∏𓧓√ ¥—ßπÈ—πÀ“° “¡“√∂µ—Èß depositing such money at the bank. Therefore, if the ∏𓧓√¢¬–„π‚√߇√’¬π‰¥â°Á®–¡’§«“¡ –¥«°·°à‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π waste bank can be set up at school, it will be more ¡“°¢÷Èπ ®÷߉¥âπ”·π«§‘¥¥—ß°≈à“«¡“ª√÷°…“°—∫‡∑»∫“≈π§√ convenient for students. The idea was then discussed æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ·≈–‰¥â√—∫Õπÿ¡—µ‘„À⥔‡π‘π°“√∑¥≈Õß‚§√ß°“√ with Muang Pitsanuloke municipality and approved to ∏𓧓√¢¬–‡ªπì §√—ßÈ ·√°„πªï æ.». 2542 ≥ ‚√߇√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈ pilot the project for the first time in 1999 at Wat Phanpee «—¥æ—πªï Õ.‡¡◊Õß ®.æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π·≈– Municipal School, Muang district, Pitsanuloke province 44

§π„π™¡ÿ ™π‡¢“â ¡“¡ ’ «à π√«à ¡„π°“√§¥— ·¬°¢¬–√‰’ ´‡§≈‘ ·≈«â π” to support the students and community to be engaged GREEN LINE ‰ª¢“¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√ à߇ √‘¡„À⇰‘¥‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬∏ÿ√°‘®°“√´È◊Õ-¢“¬ in the process of separation of waste and selling them. «— ¥√ÿ ‰’ ´‡§≈‘ Õ¬“à ß®√ß‘ ®ß— This supports the real network of recycling business. ∏𓧓√¢¬–µ“à ß®“°∏𓧓√∑«—Ë ‰ª §Õ◊  ¡“™°‘ ‰¡µà Õâ ßπ” The waste bank is different from the common one ‡ßπ‘ ¡“∑Ë’∏𓧓√ ·µ‡à Õ“«— ¥√ÿ ’‰´‡§‘≈∑®Ë’ –∑ȑ߇¢“â ¡“‡ª≈’¬Ë π‡ªìπ in that the member doesnût deposit the money at the ®”π«π‡ß‘πΩ“°„π∫—≠™’ √«¡∑È—ß¡’°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π‚¥¬‡¬“«™π bank but instead bring the recyclable materials and ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π ¬°‡«âπ‡¥Á°∑Ë’¬—߇≈Á°¡“° ‚¥¬ºâŸ„À≠à°Á “¡“√∂≈ß convert them into deposit money at his/her account. It ∑–‡∫’¬π‡¢“â ‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°‰¥‡â ™àπ°π— is also under the management of the community youth except those that are too young. Adults can also register ‡¬“«™π„π·µà≈–§√—«‡√◊Õπ “¡“√∂ ¡—§√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘° to be a member there. ∏𓧓√œ ‰¥â ‡¡Õ◊Ë  ¡“™°‘ ∑”°“√§¥— ·¬°¢¬–∑¬’Ë ß— „™‰â ¥¢â Õß·µ≈à – §√—«‡√◊Õπ·≈â«√«∫√«¡‰ªΩ“°∑∏Ë’ 𓧓√œ ∑˵’ π‡Õ߇ªìπ ¡“™‘° The young people from each household can apply Õ¬Ÿà ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë∏𓧓√œ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡¬“«™π‡™àπ°—π ®–√—∫¢¬– to be a bank member. When the members sort out the √’‰´‡§‘≈¡“§‘¥¡Ÿ≈§à“‡ªìπ‡ß‘πΩ“°„ à‰«â„π ¡ÿ¥∫—≠™’¢Õß ¡“™‘° waste of each household, they then collect and deposit ·µ≈à –§π ´ß÷Ë  ¡“™°‘  “¡“√∂‡∫°‘ ∂Õπ‡ßπ‘ ‰¥„â π«π— ∑¥’Ë ”‡ππ‘ °“√ them at the bank where they are a member. The bank ¢Õß∏𓧓√œ À≈ß— ®“°ππÈ— ∏𓧓√œ ®–√«∫√«¡« — ¥√ÿ ‰’ ´‡§≈‘ ∑Ë’ officer who is also young will take the recyclable wastes  ¡“™°‘ π”¡“Ω“°‰ª¢“¬„À·â °√à “â π√∫— ´ÕÈ◊ ¢Õ߇°“à ‡æÕ◊Ë ‡ªπì ‡ßπ‘ Ω“° and convert them in to money deposited at the account ·° à ¡“™°‘ ·≈–À¡πÿ ‡«¬’ π¿“¬„π∏𓧓√œ °“√¥”‡ππ‘ ß“π¢Õß of the member, which can be withdrawn on the operation ∏𓧓√œ πÈ—π®–‰¡à¡’°“√‡√’¬°‡°Á∫§à“„™â®à“¬®“° ¡“™‘°·µà hour of the bank. Then, the bank will collect these Õ¬à“ß„¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√¢“¬‡»…«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈¢Õ߇¥Á°Ê „π™ÿ¡™π recyclable materials and sell them to those who  “¡“√∂°àÕ„À⇰¥‘ √“¬‰¥â‚¥¬ “¡“√∂𔉪‡°∫Á ÕÕ¡ À√Õ◊ „™‰â ¥â repurchase the recycled products, converting them into Õ¬“à ßÕ ‘ √– ´ß÷Ë ‡ªπì °“√™«à ¬≈¥¿“√–§“à „™®â “à ¬¢ÕߺªŸâ °§√Õ߉¥â money to be deposits for the bank member and cash Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß πÕ°®“°°“√√—∫´◊ÈÕ¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈®“° ¡“™‘°·≈â« flow of the bank operation. The operation of the bank ∏𓧓√œ ¬—ß¡’°“√°√–µâÿπ„À⇰‘¥°“√µ◊Ëπµ—«„πÀ¡àŸ ¡“™‘°‚¥¬ does not require any payment from the member. „Àâ¡’°“√·¢àߢ—π°“√∑”¬Õ¥¢“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ È‘πªï ¡“™‘°∑’Ë¡’¬Õ¥¢“¬ Therefore, the sale of recyclable materials of the children ‡»…«— ¥ÿ¡“°∑ Ë’ ÿ¥®–‰¥√â ∫— √“ß«—≈ À√Õ◊ ‚∫π— æ‡‘ »… generates income for the children in the community and they can save or freely spend them, thus lessening ∏𓧓√¢¬– ≥ ‚√߇√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈«—¥æ—πªï ®–‡ª¥î ∑”°“√ 45

®÷߇ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π∏𓧓√¢¬–πÈ—π‰¥â°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ expected to help reduce the volume of waste for 3-5 √ªŸ ·∫∫°“√‡√¬’ π√·âŸ ºπ„À¡∑à ·Ë’ ∑®â √ß‘ ∑‡Ë’ ª¥î ‚Õ°“ „À‡â ¥°Á Ê ‰¥¡â ’ tons per month. ‚Õ°“ §¥‘ ‡Õß ¡’§«“¡‡ªπì ‡®“â ¢Õß ·≈–‡√’¬π√Ÿâ„πÀ≈“¬Ê ¥“â 𠉪æ√Õâ ¡°π— ‡¥°Á Ê ‰¥‡â √¬’ π√√Ÿâ –∫∫°“√¥”‡ππ‘ ß“π∏𓧓√ °“√ Waste Bank not only helps lessen the amount of ÕÕ¡∑√æ— ¬å °“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬ °“√√‰’ ´‡§‘≈¢¬– ·≈–°“√ community waste, it also is the center of knowledge for ∑”ß“π√à«¡°—π‡ªìπ°≈àÿ¡ µ≈Õ¥®π‰¥â‡√’¬π√⟰“√∑”∏ÿ√°‘®¢π“¥ kids and people in the community. An adult in the ¬àÕ¡Ê ‰¥¥â ⫬µπ‡Õß community who has participated in the waste bank project gave an interview that çThe waste bank enables ∏𓧓√¢¬–‡ªìππ‘¡‘µ√À¡“¬Õ—π¥’µàÕ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑’Ë people in the community to know the value of waste  “¡“√∂¥ß÷ ™¡ÿ ™π‡¢“â ¡“¡∫’ ∑∫“∑„π°“√¥·Ÿ ≈√°— …“ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ and realize that recyclable waste can be converted in ‰¥â‚¥¬§«“¡ ¡—§√„® ∑Ë’°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈¥’·°à∑ÿ°Ê ΩÉ“¬ ‰¡à«à“®– to money, teaching the children to know how to save.é ‡ªìπ¿“§√∞— À√Õ◊ ™¡ÿ ™π ‰¡à‡æ¬’ ߇∑“à πÈ—π∏𓧓√¢¬–¬ß— ‡ªπì µπâ Another adult who helps manage the waste bank revealed ·∫∫„π°“√®¥— °“√¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬∑ ’Ë “¡“√∂®¥ÿ ª√–°“¬·π«§¥‘ „Àâ that çWe focus on the children to sort out waste at Àπ«à ¬ß“πµ“à ßÊ ‰¥ªâ √– “𧫓¡√«à ¡¡Õ◊ °π— ∑®’Ë –§¥‘ §πâ √ªŸ ·∫∫ their home and during on their way home but not to °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π≈—°…≥–„À¡àÊ „π°“√®—¥°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â“π poke into the waste bins because the children might get Õ◊ËπÊ Õ¬à“ßπÈ’Õ’° ‡æË◊Õ°“√Õπÿ√—°…å∑√—欓°√ªÉ“‰¡â ·À≈àßπ”È infected and itûs not the principle of waste bank.é Õ“°“»·≈–¥π‘ We can see that the operation of waste bank gener- GREEN LINE 47

∏𓧓√¢¬–¬ß— ∂Õ◊ ates new form of learning, new and a true method, that «à“‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ opens up the opportunity to the children to think by ‡∑“à ππ—È ·µ°à “√∑®Ë’ –√°— …“ themselves, possess the sense of ownership, and at the „Àâ∏𓧓√¢¬–Õ¬àŸ‰¥â same time learn in many varies areas. The children know the Õ ¬à “ ß ¬Ë— ß ¬◊ π µà Õ ‰ ª π—È π operational system of the bank, savings, separation of waste, ‡ ªì π  ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ¬ “ ° ° «à “ recycling waste, and working as a team including how to ∏𓧓√¢¬–®–Õ¬àŸ‰¥â run small business by their own. ‡¡◊ËÕ ¡“™‘°¡’º≈°”‰√ § ≥ – ° √ √ ¡ ° “ √ ¡’ · √ ß Waste bank is then a good sign to the environment ®Ÿß„®„π°“√∑”ß“π ∑Ë’ in terms that it can attract the community to voluntarily  ” §— ≠ µâ Õ ß ¡’ § « “ ¡ play a role in conserving the environment. It is benefi-  “¡—§§’·≈–´Ë◊Õ —µ¬å ´Ë÷ß cial to every part, whether be government or private  ‘Ë߇À≈à“π’È®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫ sector or community. The waste bank is also the model °“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®‘µ ”π÷°‰ª for other agencies to cooperate in implementing innova- æ√Õâ ¡Ê °π— µ≈Õ¥√–¬– tive application regarding the environmental manage- ‡«≈“°“√∑”Àπ“â ∑æË’ ‡’Ë ≈¬È’ ß ment in other areas such as forest conservation, water ¢Õß¿“§√—∞À√◊Õ NGOs resources, air, and soil. ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ‡®â“Àπâ“∑Ë’ ∑âÕß∂Ë‘π §√Ÿ À√◊Õº„Ÿâ À≠à∑¡’Ë  ’ à«π√à«¡∑°ÿ §π ‡√“®ß÷ ®–‰¥‡â ÀπÁ The waste bank is just the beginning but the harder ∏𓧓√¢¬–‡ªìπÕߧå°√∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡·¢Áß·≈–Õ¬àŸ§àŸ —ߧ¡ part is how to maintain it to sustain in the longer term. ‰∑¬µ≈Õ¥‰ª ‡æ◊Ëՙ૬≈¥ªí≠À“ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– √â“ß The bank is able to survive when the member makes ®‘µ ”π÷°°“√Õ¥ÕÕ¡„π™ÿ¡™π µ≈Õ¥®π°√–µâπÿ „À⇰¥‘ °“√ profit and the committee is motivated to perform. The „™â∑√—欓°√Õ¬à“ߧ¡âÿ §à“°àÕπ®–∑Èß‘ important aspect is that they must possess harmony and honesty, which must be instilled throughout the operational period mentors from the government and NGOs, no matter who they are; be local officer, teachers, or adults who participate. We will then see the waste bank as a strong organization to further exist in the Thai society to help reduce the environmental problem and build savings consciousness in the community at the same time, as well as stimulate the effective use of the resources before disposal. ‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« Õ∫∂“¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æË‘¡‡µ‘¡‡°’ˬ«°—∫∏𓧓√¢¬–‰¥â∑Ë’ ‚§√ß°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ”À√—∫™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥ æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‚∑√. 0 5523 2301 À√Õ◊ www.wongpanit.com For more information about the waste bank, please contact The Project of Waste Management for Community, Pitsanuloke Province, Muang Pitsanuloke Municipality Tel. 0 5523 2301 or www.wongpanit.com 48

„∫ÕàÕπ ‚¥¬ : ∑√ß™¬— ¥≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï GREEN LINE Young Leaf by : Songchai Dolprasith ®“°‚√߇√’¬π«—¥°≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡ Little Sa-Leng From Wat Klang Klong Sam School ¢¬–‡ªìπ Ë‘ߪؑ°Ÿ≈∑Ë’‰¡àπà“æ‘ ¡—¬·≈–‰¡à‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå°—∫§π à«π„À≠à ·µà¡’‡¥Á°Õ¬Ÿà§πÀπË÷ß ∑Ë¢’ ¬–¡’ª√–‚¬™π°å —∫‡¢“ ‡æ√“–‡ªπì ·À≈àß∑Ë’¡“¢Õß√“¬‰¥â∑’Ë®–π”¡“„™â„π°“√»÷°…“‡≈“à ‡√’¬π §à“ Àπ—ß Õ◊ §“à ‡ ÈÕ◊ ºâ“ ·≈–§à“¢Õß„™â„π™«’ ‘µª√–®”«π— ·≈–®“°®ÿ¥‡≈°Á Ê ®ÿ¥πÈ’∑Ë’‡°‘¥ª√–°“¬∑”„Àâ ‚√߇√’¬π«¥— °≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡ π”¡“¢¬“¬º≈µàÕ‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√∑„’Ë Àπâ °— ‡√’¬π∑¬Ë’ “°®π√«à ¡°—π‡°Á∫¢¬– ·≈«â π”¡“¢“¬‡æËÕ◊ ‡ªìπ∑ÿπ°“√»÷°…“ ´Ëß÷ Õ“®“√¬å®”≈Õß º≈ª√–‡ √∞‘ ºâ¥Ÿ ·Ÿ ≈‚§√ß°“√πÈ’‰¥â‡≈à“„Àâ 燠âπ∑“ß ‡’ ¢’¬«é øßí ∂ß÷ ∑¡Ë’ “¢Õß‚§√ß°“√¥ß— °≈à“« Garbage is unpleasant waste and useless for most people, but this isnût true to a child, who values waste because it is a source of income source for tuition fee, book expenses, clothing and daily living expenses. From this small point, it triggers Wat Klang Klong Sam School to expand the idea to become a project for poor students to jointly collect waste and sell them as a savings for scholarship. Ajarn Chamlong Pholprasert, an advisor to this project, told the origin of this project to Green Line. 49

How was this project originated? It started from a student who was then at Matthayom 3. Everyday after the school hours and during the weekend, he would walk around the school and other places, collecting waste and gathering them at school. At first the school just knew that he collected waste at school which was a good action. Once there were much enough and the waste pick-up truck stopped by, he would then sell them. Later he persuaded his 5-6 best friends to do so. Now all of them graduated. They were doing this for one semester and graduated in 2004. After that the school adopted the idea and further implemented it as a project. ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« ‚§√ß°“√π’È¡’∑Ë’¡“∑’Ë ‰ªÕ¬à“߉√ How many students are currently joining this project? ‡√¡Ë‘ ¡“®“°¡‡’ ¥°Á π°— ‡√¬’ π§πÀπßË÷ µÕπππ—È Õ¬àŸ¡.3 À≈ß— ®“°‡≈°‘ ‡√¬’ π ∑°ÿ «π— ·≈–„π«π— À¬¥ÿ ‡ “√-å Õ“∑µ‘ ¬å ‡¢“®–‡¥π‘ ‡°∫Á ¢¬–„π‚√߇√¬’ π 5-6 students are seriously in the project. All of them are ·≈–∑’ÕË π◊Ë Ê π”¡“√«¡°—π‰«∑â ‚Ë’ √߇√’¬π µÕπ·√°∑“ß‚√߇√¬’ π‰¡à√⟠from the poor family. Some not only come from poor √⟷µà«à“‡¢“‡°Á∫¢¬–°Á‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë¥’ æÕ‡°Á∫‰¥â¡“°Ê √∂¢¬– family but are also broken home. Their parents left ·«–¡“‡¢“®÷ßπ”ÕÕ°¡“¢“¬ ®“°πÈ—π‡¢“®÷ß™«π‡æË◊Õπ π‘∑¡“ them. Some lived with the monks but monks also left ™à«¬°—πÕ’° 5-6 §π ª®í ®∫ÿ —πæ«°πÈ’®∫°π— ‰ªÀ¡¥·≈«â ∑”°π— Õ¬Ÿà them alone. All of them are pathetic but very hard ª√–¡“≥ 1 ‡∑Õ¡ ®∫ÕÕ°‰ª‡¡◊ÕË ªï 2547 π’ˇÕß À≈ß— ®“°πÈ—π∑“ß working. ‚√߇√¬’ π®÷ßπ”¡“∑”‡ªπì ‚§√ß°“√µÕà How do they work? ªí®®∫ÿ π— ¡’π°— ‡√¬’ π°Ë§’ π∑√Ë’ à«¡∑”°®‘ °√√¡π’È These kids will collect wastes following their own thought. ∑Ë∑’ ”®√‘ß®—ßµÕππÈ¡’ Õ’ ¬Ÿà√“« 5-6 §π ¡“®“°§√Õ∫§√—«∑¬Ë’ “°®π No one has never told them how. For the selling part, ∑—ÈßπÈ—π ∫“ß§π¬“°®π‰¡àæÕ§√Õ∫§√—«·µ°·¬°Õ°’ ∂°Ÿ æÕà ·¡∑à È‘ß they too negotiate the price themselves. They start ∫“â ß ∫“ߧπÕ¬°Ÿà ∫— æ√– æ√–°∑Á ßÈ‘ Õ°’ ∑°ÿ §π‡ªπì ‡¥°Á π“à  ß “√ ·µà picking up waste after school hours and collect at ¢¬π— ∑”ß“π°π— ¡“° some other places, only at school. Wherever they find trash, they pick it up and then gather them at school. They will later sell them, earning some money for their living expenses, food, books, or even the boy scoutûs uniform, which they bought with the money earned form selling trash. 50