Greenline23

...ªí®®¬— ÀπËß÷ ∑’Ë∑”„À™â ÿ¡™πª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√®Á ...The type and number of À√◊Õ«“à ≈¡â ‡À≈«§Õ◊ ¡’π°— ∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ «∑ˇ’ À¡“– ¡ visitors determine the fate À√◊Õ‰¡à ·≈–‡¢â“‰ª„πª√‘¡“≥∑‡’Ë À¡“– ¡À√Õ◊ ‰¡à of ecotourism. The ideal À≈“¬§√—Èß™ÿ¡™π¡°’ √–∫«π°“√‡μ√’¬¡∑Ë’¥’ ·μ∂à â“ visitors are ones who are ‰¥°â ≈ÿ¡à ∑Ë’‰¡æà √Õâ ¡®–‡¢“â ‰ª‡√¬’ π√Ÿâ ™¡ÿ ™π°Á®–‡°‘¥ respectful and eager to Õÿª √√§‰¥â À√◊Õ«à“‰¥â°≈à¡ÿ ∑’ÕË ¬“°‡¢â“‰ª‡√’¬π√⟠explore community’s lifestyle. μ—Èߧ”∂“¡ ∑”„À‡â ¢“‡°‘¥§«“¡¿“§¿¡Ÿ ‘„® Õ–‰√∑’Ë They should not arrive in ‰¡à√⟠‡¢“°®Á –‰ª· «ßÀ“§”μÕ∫ ‰ª∂“¡ºŸ√â ⟠¥—ß such a sheer number that ππ—È ªí®®—¬ ”§—≠§◊ÕμÕâ ߉¥πâ —°∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «∑’ Ë π„® overwhelms the infrastructure. Õ¬“°‰ª‡√¬’ π√«âŸ ∂‘ ™’ «’ ‘μ¢Õß™¡ÿ ™π ·≈–‰ª®”π«π Advance arrangement is also ‰¡à¡“° √«¡∑ȗ߇«≈“‰ª °ÁμÕâ ß∫Õ°≈«à ßÀπâ“ needed because the locals ‡æ√“–∫“ß∑™’ ÿ¡™π¢Õ߇¢“‡ªìπ™“«ª√–¡ß ‡ªπì normally are fishermen and ™“«π“ ‡ªìπ™“« «π ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ‡¢“‰¡ à “¡“√∂ farmers who do not have the §Õ¬√ÕμâÕπ√—∫°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «Õ¬à“߇¥¬’ «... luxury of time to wait... ·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ºà“π°“√∂°‡∂’¬ß·≈–«“ß·ºππ‚¬∫“¬‡√Ë◊Õß°“√∑àÕß and Sports Ministry, the Tourism Authority ‡∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»¡“·≈â« ·¡â∑’˺à“π¡“®–‡ªìπ·∫∫§àÕ¬‡ªìπ§àÕ¬‰ª ·μà‡¢“°Á of Thailand (TAT) has been pushed to the ¡’μâπ∑ÿπ¡“∫â“ß ·μà‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√μÈ—ßÀπ૬ߓπ„À¡à„Àâ¡“¥Ÿ‡√Ë◊Õß™ÿ¡™π °Á sidelines to do marketing. The brand-new ‡À¡◊ÕπμâÕß¡“‡√Ë‘¡ß“π„À¡à æÕ‡√‘Ë¡„À¡à‡¢“‡≈¬¡“®—∫Õ–‰√∑Ë’‡≈Á°Ê ™—¥Ê Tourism Development Office was tasked ®÷߇°¥‘ °“√ ßà ‡ √¡‘ ‚Œ¡ ‡μ¬å¢÷Èπ ‡√¬’ °«à“·μ°°√– “π´à“π‡´πÁ ÕÕ°¡“®“° with handling the community program. °“√∑Õà ߇∑’¬Ë «‡™‘ßπ‡‘ «» Ecotourism hit a snag as a result. The TAT has for quite some time discussed and ‚Œ¡ ‡μ¬å‡ªìπ à«πÀπßË÷ ¢Õßß“π°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ßπ‡‘ «»À√◊Õ‰¡à mapped out an ecotourism policy. Though ∫“ßÀπ૬ߓπ∑Ë’‡¢“‰ª à߇ √‘¡‡¢“°Á¡ÕßÕ¬à“ßπ—Èπ ·μà‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à¡’ the TAT proceeded at a snail’s pace, it had at least developed a knowledge base. Now the °“√∫√Ÿ ≥“°“√ ¥—ßπÈ—π‡¡◊ÕË  ßà ‡ √‘¡∑”‚Œ¡ ‡μ¬®å ß÷ ‡ªìπ«“à ‡Õ“π°— ∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë « shake-up meant ecotourism has gone back ¡“æ—°„π™ÿ¡™π æÕ‡ªìπß“π à߇ √‘¡°Á∑”‡√Ë◊Õß°“√„Àâ¡“μ√∞“π ´÷Ëß°Á¬—߉ª to square one. The ministry has jumped into ¡Õß„π∫√‘∫∑¢Õßμ—«∫â“π ∫â“π∑’Ëæ—°‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√  –¥«°  –Õ“¥ homestay program, which is a variation of ª≈Õ¥¿¬— ‰À¡ ¡Õ’ “À“√‰À¡ ·μà‰¡à‰¥¡â Õß∫√∫‘ ∑™¡ÿ ™π ·≈«â ∫ß— ‡Õ≠‘ ™ËÕ◊ «à“ ecotourism, to achieve something concrete ‚Œ¡ ‡μ¬å §π à߇ √‘¡‡≈¬¡Õß∑’Ë ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«° ´÷Ë߇ªì𧫓¡‰¡à quickly. ™¥— ¢Õߧπ∑”ß“π Isn’t homestay a subset of ecotourism? Õ–‰√§◊Õ∫∑‡√’¬π∑’ˉ¥â√—∫®“°™ÿ¡™π∑’˪√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√∑”°“√ Responsible agencies share this view. ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™ß‘ 𑇫»‡ª√’¬∫‡∑¬’ ∫°—∫™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’≈⡇À≈« But in their straight-forward interpretation, „π à«π™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’≈⡇À≈« °Á‡ªìπ‡æ√“–¢“¥°“√‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡ homestay campaign simply means to put §◊Õ‡«≈“¡’π‚¬∫“¬ ßà ‡ √¡‘ ºŸ∑â Ë≈’ ߉ª à߇ √‘¡‰¡™à —¥«“à μâÕß≈߉ª∑”Õ–‰√ °Á tourists in the villagers’ homes. The place ‡ªìπμ—«·ª√∑’Ë∑”„Àâ≈⡇À≈« ª√–°“√∑Ë’ Õߧ◊Õ‰ª à߇ √‘¡„π™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’‰¡à must be clean, convenient and safe and serve ‡¢â¡·¢Áß·≈–‰¡à¡’°√–∫«π°“√‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡„Àâ™ÿ¡™π °Á≈⡇À≈«‰¥â good food. They don’t quite grasp the eco- ª√–°“√∑Ë’ “¡§◊ÕÕ“®¡’°“√‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡„Àâ™ÿ¡™π√Õß√—∫π—°∑àÕß tourism concept and completely overlook the ‡∑’¬Ë « ·μ࢓¥°“√°≈πË— °√Õßπ°— ∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «∑‡’Ë À¡“– ¡ ‡¢“â ‰ª‡°‘π¢¥’ §«“¡ potential contributions of local communities.  “¡“√∂∑’Ë√Õß√—∫ Õ—ππ’È°Á≈⡇À≈«‰¥â À√◊Õ∑”Ê ‰ª·≈â«°“√®—¥°“√º≈ ª√–‚¬™π剡à°√–®“¬ Õ—ππ’È°Á≈⡇À≈«Õ’° ¥—ßπÈ—π®÷߇ªìπ‡√Ë◊ÕߢÕß∑—Èß Õß What are the lessons drawn from the stories  à«π ∑È—ß¿“¬„π™ÿ¡™π‡Õß·≈–®“°¿“¬πÕ° °Á®–‡ÀÁπÀ≈“¬Ê æ◊Èπ∑Ë’∑Ë’¥—ß of success and failure? 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 The factors contributing to the failure of some communities are both internal and external. The responsible agencies have no clear direction on what to do to make ecotour- ism work. There is no mechanism to screen tourists to ensure they are environmental 53

...‡√“¡“®“°„π´°’ ∑Ë’‡ÀπÁ ™ÿ¡™π∂Ÿ°‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫ ...We have had the experience ·≈⫇ÀπÁ «“à ™ÿ¡™π¡·’ ßà¡ÿ¡∑’Ëߥߓ¡ ¥ß— πÈ—π of witnessing communities ®ß÷ ®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√„Àâ·ßà¡ÿ¡∑˒ߥߓ¡‡À≈à“πÈ’‰¥â being exploited. Therefore, we √—∫°“√∫Õ°°≈à“«°∫— ºŸ§â πÕ¬à“߇¢“â „®·≈–‰¡à wish to see the beautiful side of ∑”√â“¬μ«— ‡¢“‡Õß ¥ß— πÈπ— ®ß÷ μâÕß¡°’ “√ community presented to outsiders ®—¥°“√∑Ë¥’ ’ ™ÿ¡™πμÕâ ߇¢“â ¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡ so that they understand and Õ¬“à ßß“π∑Ë’‡√“∑”§Õ◊ °“√®¥— °“√°“√∑àÕß do no harm to the communities ‡∑’ˬ«‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π ¡’™ÿ¡™π‡ªìπ∞“𠇪ìπ§π they visit. To achieve such °”Àπ¥«“à ®–„™°â “√∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ «‡ªìπ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß¡◊Õ goal, communities must take „À‡â ªìπª√–‚¬™πåμÕà ‡¢“Õ¬à“߉√... part in tourism management. Communities decide how tourism ·§™à Ë«— «Ÿ∫·≈â«À“¬‰ª °∂Á Ÿ°μÈß— §”∂“¡«à“™¡ÿ ™π≈⡇À≈«·≈«â ¢—¥·¬âß can work to their benefits... ·≈â« ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «¡“ ™ÿ¡™πæ—ß and cultural sensitive and arrive in a manageable „π∑”πÕß°≈—∫°—π ™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®‡ªìπ‡æ√“–‡¢“ number. Some communities are not strong or well √âŸ«à“®–‡Õ“°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«¡“√—∫„™âÕ–‰√¢Õß™ÿ¡™π §◊Õ„™â°“√∑àÕß prepared and the income distribution is not fair. ‡∑Ë’¬«‡ªìπ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ„π°“√æ—≤π“ ‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’‡¢â¡·¢Áß·≈–  “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß  à«π„À≠à‡¢“‰¡à‰¥â¡Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡ªìπ Behind the success story of ecotourism lays ‡√◊ËÕ߇»√…∞°‘®‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫·√° ·μà‡¢“„Àâ°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡ªìπ°“√‡º¬ communities that know well how to employ tour- ·æ√‡à √◊ËÕߧπլట ∫— ªÉ“ °“√®¥— °“√∑√æ— ¬“°√‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π °“√„™â°“√ ism to their best interests. Strong communities ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡æË◊Õ∫Õ°«à“©—π‡ªìπ„§√ ¡’μ—«μπ„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬ ∂Ⓡªìπ pursue development, not monetary gains per se. ™ÿ¡™π·∫∫πÈ’‡¢“®–¡’·√ߢ—∫‡§≈Ë◊Õπ °“√®—¥°“√‡»√…∞°‘®®–§àÕ¬Ê Tourism is a tool to showcase their ability to coexist ¡“¿“¬À≈—ß °“√∑’ˇªÑ“„À≠à¢Õ߇¢“‰¡à„™à‡√Ë◊Õß‡ß‘π ¡—π°Á®–‰ª‰¥â ∑’Ë with forests and manage local resources. Tourism ∑”‡√◊ËÕßπÈ’‡æ√“–μâÕß°“√∫Õ°«à“‡√“Õ¬Ÿà°—∫ªÉ“‰¥âπ– «—≤π∏√√¡¢Õß is a tool for the communities to tell outsiders who ‡√“‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑Ë’Õ¬àŸ°—∫‡√“¡“À≈“¬™—Ë«Õ“¬ÿ§π ¥—ßπ—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’§«“¡¢—¥ they are. When dispute arises, they know how to ·¬â߇°‘¥¢÷Èπ °®Á –§≈’§Ë ≈“¬ ‡æ√“–√⮟ —°°“√ ≈–º≈ª√–‚¬™πå ·μ∂à â“ resolve it by turning away from monetary interest. ‡æËÕ◊ º≈ª√–‚¬™πå °“√®—¥°“√‡√◊ÕË ßº≈ª√–‚¬™π剡‡à §¬¡’®ÿ¥≈ßμ—« When money is an issue, it is hard to let go. But people in a strong community can. π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«¡’ à«πμàÕ§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π‰À¡ Tourists are a force behind the success of com- munity-based tourism management, aren’t they? ªí®®—¬Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ™ÿ¡™πª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®À√◊Õ«à“≈⡇À≈« §◊Õ¡’π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡À√◊Õ‰¡à ·≈–‡¢â“‰ª„πª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë The type and number of visitors determine ‡À¡“– ¡À√◊Õ‰¡à À≈“¬§√ßÈ— ™¡ÿ ™π¡’°√–∫«π°“√‡μ√¬’ ¡∑Ë¥’ ’ ·μ∂à â“ the fate of ecotourism. The ideal visitors are ones ‰¥â°≈ÿà¡∑’ˉ¡æà √Õâ ¡®–‡¢“â ‰ª‡√’¬π√⟠™ÿ¡™π°®Á –‡°¥‘ Õÿª √√§‰¥â À√◊Õ who are respectful of and eager to explore com- «à“‰¥â°≈ÿà¡∑Ë’Õ¬“°‡¢â“‰ª‡√’¬π√Ÿâ μȗߧ”∂“¡ ∑”„À⇢“‡°‘¥§«“¡¿“§ munity’s lifestyle. They should not arrive in such a ¿Ÿ¡‘„® Õ–‰√∑Ë’‰¡à√⟠‡¢“°Á®–‰ª· «ßÀ“§”μÕ∫ ‰ª∂“¡ºŸâ√⟠¥—ßπ—Èπ sheer number that overwhelms the infrastructure. ªí®®—¬ ”§—≠§◊ÕμâÕ߉¥âπ—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑’Ë π„®Õ¬“°‰ª‡√’¬π√⟫‘∂’™’«‘μ Advance arrangement is also needed because the ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π ·≈–‰ª®”π«π‰¡à¡“° √«¡∑—È߇«≈“‰ª °ÁμâÕß∫Õ°≈à«ß locals normally are fishermen and farmers who Àπâ“ ‡æ√“–∫“ß∑’™ÿ¡™π¢Õ߇¢“‡ªìπ™“«ª√–¡ß ‡ªìπ™“«π“ ‡ªìπ do not have the luxury of time to wait. They ™“« «π ‡æ√“–©–πÈ—π‡¢“‰¡à “¡“√∂§Õ¬√ÕμâÕπ√—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« have a fishing boat to sail and a farm to tend to. Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ∂â“π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑’ˇ¢â“‰ª¡’°“√∫Õ°≈à«ßÀπâ“ ‡¢“°Á®– Otherwise, the last-minute visitors would ruin  “¡“√∂®—¥°“√‰¥â ·μàμÕππÈ’°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡À¡◊Õπ·ºπ∑Ë’∫Õ°‰ª §◊Õ their lifestyle, as happened with many villages. ‰ª‰¥â∑ÿ°‡«≈“ ‰¡àμâÕß∫Õ°≈à«ßÀπâ“ ¡—π°Á∑”„ÀâÀ≈“¬™ÿ¡™π‡¥◊Õ¥ √âÕπ ≈”∫“°„® ∫“ß™ÿ¡™π°Á‡√‘Ë¡‡ª≈’ˬπ«‘∂’‰ª °Á¡’‡ ’¬ß§√À“«à“ Can community afford to be picky as they seem to be at the receiving end? 54 Strong communities can. Our study showed unruly visitors arriving in unsuitable number and timing did more harm than good. Thai tourists learned about and were drawn to the communities mostly through media coverage so it is important that the media informs audiences of community æ情ƒ¿…“¿§“¡§¡- - ß‘ À‘ß“À§“¡§¡2525151 MMaayy -- AAuugguusstt 22000088

™ÿ¡™π‡ª≈Ë’¬π‰ª √Õ§Õ¬·μàπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ·μà®√‘ßÊ ‡ªìπ‡æ√“– æ®π“ ¢≥–‡ªπì «‘∑¬“°√„À♓«∫â“π„π™ÿ¡™π æƒμ°‘ √√¡¢Õßπ°— ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡ªìπ·∫∫πÈ’ ¡—π°Á∑”„À⇢“μâÕß√Õ Potjana Suansri gives a talk to villagers on community-based øíߥŸ‡À¡◊Õπ™ÿ¡™π‡ªìπΩÉ“¬μ—Èß√—∫ ™ÿ¡™π®–§—¥°√Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« tourism. ‰¥Õâ ¬“à ߉√ limitations and advance-booking requirement. But ∂Ⓡªìπ™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’‡¢â¡·¢Áß „π à«π∑’ˇ√“∑”ß“π¥â«¬ ‡√“°Á‰¥â √ÿª most of the Thai media get used to promotional ∫∑‡√’¬π°—π¡“·≈â««à“ ∂â“™ÿ¡™π‰¥âπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡“– ¡ reporting rather than educating the audiences. So ª√‘¡“≥‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡ ‰¡à¡°’ “√®Õß≈«à ßÀπâ“ °Á®– àߺ≈°√–∑∫„π‡™ß‘ we shift our attention to overseas visitors whose ≈∫·≈–°“√®—¥°“√§àÕπ¢â“߬“° °Á‡≈¬¡“¡Õß«à“π—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«®–¡“ norm is advanced booking. ‰¥â®“°·À≈à߉Àπ ∂Ⓡªìππ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‰∑¬°Á®“°°“√ºà“π ◊ËÕÀ√◊Õ §Ÿà¡◊Õ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ¥—ßπ—Èπ∂â“®–¡’ ◊ËÕ¡“∑”‡√Ë◊ÕßπÈ’ °Áπà“∑Ë’®–‡ªìπ Ë◊Õ∑Ë’„Àâ Despite Thai tour operators’ hesitation, the ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ‰¡à„™à‡™’¬√å·¢° Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“¡“™ÿ¡™ππÈ’μâÕß¡’°“√μ‘¥μàÕ≈à«ß past decade saw a significant expansion in respon- Àπâ“ ·≈–¡¢’ Õâ °μ‘°“Õ¬à“߉√ ∑π’  ’È Õ◊Ë ∫â“π‡√“§àÕπ¢“â ß®–¬“° ‡æ√“– sible tourism market. Because Thai laws bar Thai ‡ªìπ ËÕ◊ ‡™’¬√·å ¢° ‰¡à„™ à ËÕ◊ „À°â “√»÷°…“ ∂“â ‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡇª“Ñ À¡“¬∑’ˇªπì operators from striking a deal with communi- §π‰∑¬°Á§àÕπ¢â“ß≈”∫“° ‡æ√“–©–πÈ—π‡√Ë◊Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∫π∞“π ties directly, it is my job to coordinate. We know ¢Õß™ÿ¡™πÕ“®‰¡à§àÕ¬¥—ß„π Ë◊Õ‰∑¬ ·μà¡’‡ªÑ“À¡“¬°“√∑”ß“π°—∫ which communities are well prepared and do not μà“ߪ√–‡∑»‰ª‡≈¬ ‚¥¬¡’°“√«“ß·ºπ≈à«ßÀπâ“ μ¥‘ μàÕ≈«à ßÀπâ“ ∑’πÈ’ embrace tourism as their major source of income, μà“ߪ√–‡∑»®–√Ÿâ®—°°—∫™ÿ¡™π‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ °Á®–μâÕß¡’°“√∑”°“√μ≈“¥ but a development tool. Because we run a net- μÕπ·√°∑—«√å‚Õ‡ªÕ‡√‡μÕ√å‰∑¬°¡Á Õß«“à ‰¡à§àÕ¬¡μ’ ≈“¥·∫∫π’È work, when one village is fully booked, we transfer visitors to another village with vacancy. Foreign ·μà 10 ªï∑Ë’ºà“π¡“‡√Ë‘¡¡’μ≈“¥æ«°π’È∑’ˇ¢“‡√’¬°«à“μ≈“¥°“√ tourists are not choosy about which village to go ∑Õà ߇∑ˬ’ «Õ¬“à ß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ‡√“°Á‰ª∑”°“√∫“â π°∫— °≈àÿ¡πÈ’ ∫√…‘ —∑∑—«√å to. They are more interested in experiencing the ‰∑¬°Á‡√Ë‘¡ª√—∫μ—« ‡æ√“–‡¥‘¡°ÆÀ¡“¬‰∑¬‰¡àÕπÿ≠“μ„À⇢“¡“∑” native lifestyle. This way, tourists would not strain ∑—«√å‚¥¬μ√ß°—∫™ÿ¡™π  à«πß“π¢Õßæ’˧◊Õª√– “π√–À«à“ß™ÿ¡™π the community’s resources. μÕππÈ’‡√“√Ÿ·â ≈«â «“à ™ÿ¡™π‰Àπ¡§’ «“¡æ√Õâ ¡ ·≈–欓¬“¡„™â°“√∑Õà ß ‡∑’ˬ«‡ªπì ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡Õ◊ ‰¡à„™à‡æ◊ËÕ‡ßπ‘ ‡ß‘π ‡ß‘π ·≈«â ‡√“°ÀÁ “μ≈“¥≈à«ß How do you wish to see ecotourism? Àπâ“ μ≈“¥∑Ë’¡’°“√‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡ §πæ“¡“¡’§«“¡‡¢â“„® We have had the experience of witnessing ™ÿ¡™π°Á‡√Ë‘¡¡’‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«°Á¡’°“√°√–®“¬μ—« ‡™àπ À¡àŸ∫“â ππæ’È Õ·≈«â π– °Á‰ª∑’ÕË ◊Ëπ ‡æ√“–π°— ∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«μ“à ߪ√–‡∑»‡¢“ communities being exploited. Therefore, we wish ‰¡à‰¥âμ‘¥°—∫™Ë◊Õ¢ÕßÀ¡àŸ∫â“π ·μà‡¢“μ‘¥°—∫°≈Ë‘πÕ“¬¢ÕßÀ¡àŸ∫â“π ‡√“ to see the beautiful side of community presented °∑Á ”μ√ßπ’ȇæËÕ◊ „Àπâ °— ∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «‰¡à°√–®°ÿ to outsiders so that they understand and do no harm to the communities they visit. To achieve Ωíπ«“à Õ¬“°‡ÀπÁ °“√∑àÕ߇∑¬’Ë «‡™‘ß𑇫»‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ such goal, communities must take part in tourism ‡√“¡“®“°„π´°’ ∑‡Ë’ ÀÁπ™ÿ¡™π∂°Ÿ ‡Õ“‡ª√’¬∫ ·≈«â ‡ÀπÁ «à“™ÿ¡™π¡’ management. Communities decide how tourism can work to their benefits. They do not deny eco- ·ßà¡ÿ¡∑˒ߥߓ¡ ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√„Àâ·ßà¡ÿ¡∑’Ëߥߓ¡‡À≈à“π’ȉ¥â√—∫ nomic gains, though that is not the priority. The °“√∫Õ°°≈à“«°∫— º§Ÿâ πÕ¬à“߇¢â“„®·≈–‰¡∑à ”√â“¬μ«— ‡¢“‡Õß ¥—ßπÈπ— ®÷ß priority is to maintain their identity and way of μâÕß¡’°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë¥’ ™ÿ¡™πμâÕ߇¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡ Õ¬à“ßß“π∑Ë’‡√“∑” life. They are proud that people come to have a §◊Õ°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π ¡’™ÿ¡™π‡ªìπ∞“𠇪ìπ§π learning experience with them. °”Àπ¥«à“®–„™â°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡ªìπ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ„À⇪ìπª√–‚¬™πåμàÕ‡¢“ Õ¬“à ߉√ ‰¡àªØ‘‡ ∏‡√’ËÕ߇»√…∞°®‘ ·μ‡à »√…∞°‘®‰¡à„™à‡ªπì Õ—π¥—∫·√° Tourism should yield a win-win result. Õ—π¥—∫·√°§◊Õ°“√¡’μ—«μπ ¥”√ß«‘∂’¢Õ߇¢“ ‡¢“‡°‘¥§«“¡¿Ÿ¡‘„® ¡’ Visitors get to absorb the beautiful aspects as well §π¡“·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ‡√’¬π√Ÿâ°∫— ‡¢“ as the harsh facts of community life. For commu- nities in trouble, they need allies from the outside °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«μâÕ߉¡à„™à„§√ΩÉ“¬„¥ΩÉ“¬ÀπË÷߉¥âª√–‚¬™πå μâÕß world; otherwise, they may not be able to main- ∑È—ß ÕßΩÉ“¬ ™ÿ¡™π‰¥â‡º¬·æ√à §π∑’Ë¡“°Á‰¥â´÷¡´—∫§«“¡ß¥ß“¡ tain their beautiful lifestyle, such as their harmoni- §«“¡¥§’ «“¡ß“¡ §«“¡®√‘ß ‡æ√“–∫“ß™ÿ¡™π°ÁμÕâ ߇º™≠‘ ª≠í À“ ∂â“ ous co-existence with forests. ‰¡à‰¥â·π«√à«¡®“°¢â“ßπÕ° ∫“ß∑’‡¢“Õ“®®–‰¡à “¡“√∂¬◊πÀ¬—¥„𠧫“¡¥’§«“¡ß“¡πÈ—π‰¥â Õ¬“à ߇™àπ‡√ÕË◊ ߧπÕ¬°àŸ —∫ª“É 55 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

¢“â ¡øÑ“ ACROSS THE SKY π§√«¥— ‰¡‡à §¬√“â ß√“π—°∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ « The magnificent Angkor Wat never fails to draw tourist crowds. §√—ßÈ Àπß÷Ë ∑’Ë çπ§√«¥— é  ÿ‡®π °√√æƒ∑∏Ï‘ “See Angkor and die” Õ“√å‚π≈¥å ∑Õ¬πå∫’ π°— ª√–«—μ‘»“ μ√™å “«Õß— °ƒ… ¡∂‘ πÿ “¬π 2550, ‡¡◊Õ߇ ¬’ ¡‡√¬’ ∫ ∑§Ë’ «“¡ ßŸ ‡∑à“°—∫μ°÷ 5 ™π—È ·¢«π™’«‘μ‰«â°—∫≈«¥ ≈‘ß∑Ë∑’ “ß°“√¢ß÷ ‡Õ“ ∑’Ë™—Èπ∫π ÿ¥¢Õߪ√“ “∑π§√«—¥ º¡æ∫«à“√ŸªÕ—ª √“¬“¡μâÕß ‰«â„Àæâ ¬ÿßμ—«√–À«“à ß≈߉ª Ÿà™—πÈ ≈à“ß · ßÕ“∑‘μ¬å∑’Ë “¥¡“∑“ß∑‘»μ–«—πμ°π—Èπߥߓ¡Õ¬à“ßπà“μ◊Ëπ„® ·μàæÕ ∫“ß∑’ ¿“æμ√ßÀπ“â º¡πÈ’ Õ“®‡ªπì  ‘ßË ‡¥’¬«∑§’Ë Õ¬¬È”‡μÕ◊ π«à“º¡ μ—¥ ‘π„®¬°°≈âÕߢÈ÷π∫—π∑÷°¿“æ °Á®–æ∫«à“‡≈¢ ç0é  «à“ß«“∫Õ¬àŸ °”≈—ßÕ¬Ÿà„πª√“ “∑À‘πÕ“¬ÿ‡°Õ◊ ∫æπ— ªï„πæ∑ÿ ∏»°— √“™ 2550 ¡‘„™à„π ∫πÀπâ“ªí¥ › ∫Õ° ∂“π–°≈âÕß«à“‰¡à “¡“√∂∂à“¬¿“扥âÕ’°μàÕ‰ª ™à«ß∑Ë’¡π— ∂Ÿ° √“â ߢπ÷È „πªï 1656-1695 ‚¥¬æ√–‡®â“ ÿ√¬‘ «√¡π— ∑’Ë 2 ‡«âπ·μà®–≈∫¿“懰à“∑’Ë∫—π∑÷°„π™à«ßμ≈Õ¥ 3 «—π∑’˺¡ —≠®√Õ¬àŸ„π ·∂∫¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õß°—¡æ™Ÿ “ÕÕ° °— 7-10 ¿“æ °“√∑Ë’º¡μâÕß√Õ§‘«‡æ◊ËÕ∑Ë’®–‰μà≈ß®“°™È—π∫π ÿ¥¢Õߪ√“ “∑¬—ß ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’˧լ¬È”‡μ◊Õπ¡‚π ”π÷°«à“„πÕ¥’μ  ∂“π∑Ë’·Ààßπ’È √â“ߢÈ÷π μ—¥„®¬◊ππË‘ß ´÷¡´—∫· ßÕ“∑‘μ¬å ’∑Õß∑Ë’§àÕ¬Ê ∑Õ¥Õ“∫§≈ÿ¡  ”À√—∫‡∑懮Ⓡ∑à“πÈ—π ¡‘‰¥â √â“ß¡“‡æË◊Õ„Àâ¡πÿ…¬å‡¥‘π¥‘πÕ¬à“ߺ¡ ª√“ “∑Õ—π¢√÷¡¢≈—ß  —߇°μ§«“¡‡§≈Ë◊Õπ‰À«√Õ∫μ—« μ—Èß„®®¥®”∑ÿ° ·≈–§πÕË◊πÊ ªïπªÉ“¬¢÷Èπ¡“™πË◊ ™¡§«“¡ß“¡  Ëß‘ ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß„À≥¡â “°∑Ë ’ ¥ÿ ¥â«¬¥‘π·¥π¢Õ¡ ¡—¬‚∫√“≥ ‰¥âÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈∑“ß»“ π“®“° Àà“߉ª‰¡à∂÷ß 50 ‡¡μ√ π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«°≈àÿ¡„À≠à∑¬Õ¬≈ß®“° Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–§«“¡‡™◊ËÕμ“¡§μ‘æ√“À¡≥å-Œ‘π¥Ÿ Õ—π‡ªìπ∫àÕ‡°‘¥ ª√“ߧåª√–∏“πª√“ “∑π§√«—¥Õ¬à“ß™â“Ê ·μà≈–§π¡’ ’Àπâ“ ≈—∑∏‘ ç‡∑«√“™“é ∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ«à“°…—μ√‘¬å§◊Õ‡∑懮â“∑Ë’Õ«μ“√ (·∫àß¿“§) À«“¥‡ ’¬«Õ¬àŸ‰¡àπâÕ¬‡æ√“–μâÕ߉μà≈ß∫—π‰¥≈“¥™—π‡°◊Õ∫ 70 Õß»“ 56 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

Once upon a Time in “Angkor Wat” Sujane Kanparit ds. “See Angkor and die. ” Arnold J. Toynbee, British historian SIEM REAP, JUNE 2007 Waiting in line for my turn to descend from the At the top floor of Angkor temple complex, the temple top reminds me that the complex was built for gods not man like me and others to mount and devatas (guardian spirits) sets off brilliantly under explore. the sunlight so much so that I pull out my camera and take aim. “0” flashes on the meter bar, indicat- The ancient Khmer culture was highly influ- ing that the memory card is full and I can shoot no enced by Indian religions, particularly Hinduism, more unless I erase some photos I have taken dur- giving rise to “devaraja” cult which taught that the ing my journey in northern Cambodia. king was a divine manifestation. So each king built a temple to worship gods so that he would unite I decide to just stand still and absorb the golden with the sacred deity, be it Vishnu or Shiva, in his sunlight that gradually blankets the sacred temple next life. complex with my own eyes, hungrily stamping the breathtaking panoramic views in my memory. The belief prompted King Suryavarman II to order tens of thousands of sandstone blocks, esti- About 50 meters away, a large crowd of tour- mated by archeologists to be over 6,000,000 cubic ists slowly climb down the main tower. They could meters, be moved from Phanom Kulen mountain not hide their fear as the 70-degree slope down the range some 50 kilometers away to construct the flight of stairs stands almost five-storey high. Their complex, stretching 850 meters wide and 1 km long lives are hanging on a sling provided as a stair with the main temple, rising 65 meters high, not to rail. mention four other temples. I am standing inside ancient ruins dated back There are no fewer than 1,800 giant stone pil- almost a thousand years, built during B.E. 1656- lars, each weighing more than 10 tons (1,000 kg), 1695 at the order of King Suryavarman II. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 57

...¥«â ¬∂“â æ‘®“√≥“ª√–«μ— ‘»“ μ√å π§√«¥— ‡°¥‘ °Õà πÕ“≥“®—°√·√°¢Õߧπ‰∑¬§Õ◊  ‚ÿ ¢∑—¬ (æ.». 1781-1981) √“« 86 ªï (æ.».1656-1695) ∑ȗ߬—߇°¥‘ °àÕπÕ¬ÿ∏¬“ (æ.».1893-2310) ‡°◊Õ∫ 200 ªï  à«π√∞— ™“쑉∑¬ ¡—¬„À¡°à ‡Á æ‘Ë߇°¥‘ ‡¡Õ◊Ë ªï 2475 (π—∫ ®“°°“√‡ª≈¬Ë’ π·ª≈ß°“√ª°§√Õß) °“√‡À¡“ «“à π§√«—¥„π®—ßÀ«—¥‡ ’¬¡√“∞∑Ë ’ ¬“¡ª√–‡∑» ‡§¬¬÷¥¡“‡ªπì ‡¡◊ÕߢÈπ÷ ‡ªπì √–¬–Ê ¡“μß—È ·μà ¡¬— Õ¬∏ÿ ¬“®π∂ß÷  ¡—¬√μ— π‚° π‘ ∑√å ‡§¬‡ªìπ à«π Àπ÷ßË ¢Õß√∞— ™“쉑 ∑¬®ß÷ ‡ªì𧫓¡√—∫√â∑Ÿ ˧’ ≈“¥ ‡§≈ËÕ◊ π®“°¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß„πÕ¥μ’ ‰√ªâ √–‚¬™πå„π ª®í ®∫ÿ —π ·≈–®–°Õà ªí≠À“„πÕπ“§μ... ≈ß¡“‡°‘¥„π‚≈°¡πÿ…¬å´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑Ë’¡“¢Õߪ√–‡æ≥’∑’Ë°…—μ√‘¬å¢Õ¡∑ÿ°  à«π°≈“ߢÕßπ§√«¥—  “¡“√∂¢÷Èπ∂÷߉¥â∑“ß∫—π‰¥À‘π∑Ë’ Ÿß™—π ¢“¢È÷π‰¡à‡∑à“‰À√à ·μ࢓≈߉¡à æ√–ÕߧåμâÕß √â“߇∑«“≈—¬∂«“¬‡∑懮â“À√◊Õπ—¬ÀπË÷ߧ◊Õ √â“ß„Àâ ·π–π” ”À√—∫ºŸâ°≈—«§«“¡ ßŸ › ‡ÕÈÕ◊ ‡øôÕó ¿“æ‚¥¬∫“ß°Õ°‚æ μå μπ‡Õß ‡æ◊ËÕ„π¿“¬ÀπⓇ«≈“∑Ë’®“°‚≈°π’ȉª·≈â« ®–‰¥â‰ªÀ≈Õ¡√«¡ °—∫‡∑懮â“∑’Ëμππ—∫∂◊Õ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ æ√–»‘«– À√◊Õ æ√–«‘…≥ÿ Õ’° The raised central section of Angkor Wat can be reached via §√È—ßÀπË÷ß steep stairways. But going up is nothing when compared with getting down which is not recommended for those who are §«“¡‡™Ë◊Õ‡™àππÈ’‡Õß ∑’Ë¡’æ≈—ß∂÷ߢȗπ∑”„Àâæ√–‡®â“ ÿ√‘¬«√¡—π∑Ë’ 2 afraid of height and those with a plane to catch – Photo courtesy  —Ëߪ√–™“™π„πÕ“≥“®—°√„À⇧≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬À‘ππ—∫À¡◊Ëπ°âÕπ∑Ë’π—° of the Bangkok Post ‚∫√“≥§¥’§“¥°“√≥å«à“¡’ª√‘¡“μ√°«à“ 6 · π≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡¡μ√®“° ·À≈àßμ—¥À‘π∑’Ë¿Ÿ‡¢“æπ¡°ÿ‡≈π´÷ËßÕ¬ŸàÀà“ßÕÕ°‰ª 50 °‘‚≈‡¡μ√ π“π«—π‡¢â“ §π‡¢¡√√ÿàπμàÕ¡“°Á‰¡à√âŸ«à“‡¡◊Õßæ√–π§√À≈«ßÕ—π ¡“ √â“ß¡À“ª√“ “∑∑°’Ë «â“ß 850 ‡¡μ√ ¬“« 1 °‚‘ ≈‡¡μ√ ¡’ª√“ß§å ‡ªìπ∑μ’Ë È—ß¢Õߪ√“ “∑π§√«—¥Õ¬à∑Ÿ Ë’„¥ æÕ‡®Õ‡¢“â °—∫∫√¡«‘…≥ÿ‚≈°¢Õß ª√–∏“π Ÿß 65 ‡¡μ√ ‰¡πà —∫ª√“ߧåÕߧ√å ÕßÕ’° 4 ¬Õ¥∑¡Ë’ ’§«“¡ ßŸ æ√–‡®â“ ÿ√‘¬«√¡—π∑’Ë 2 ´Ë÷ß„À≠à‚μ‚ÕÓ√°Á‡¢â“„®º‘¥«à“πË’§◊Õ‡¡◊Õß ≈¥À≈Ë—π°π— ‰ª æ√–π§√À≈«ß ‡≈¬‡√’¬°°—π‰ª«à“ çπÕ°Õ√é À√◊Õ çÕ—ß°Õ√åé Õ—π À¡“¬∂÷ß çπ§√é ∑«Ë— ª√“ “∑ ¡’‡ “Àπ‘ Àπ—°°«“à 10 μ—π (10,000 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— ) ‰¡à μË”°«à“ 1,800 μâπ √–‡∫’¬ß‚¥¬√Õ∫¡’¿“æ ≈—°À‘π‡≈à“‡√Ë◊Õßμ“¡§μ‘  à«π çπ§√«—¥é πà“®–¡’∑Ë’¡“®“°°“√∑Ë’ª√“ “∑·ÀàßπÈ’∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’ˬπ Œπ‘ ¥Ÿ Õ“∑‘ √“¡“¬≥– ¡À“¿“√μ– ·≈–‡Àμÿ°“√≥åμ“à ßÊ ∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ „π√—™ √Ÿª·∫∫„™âß“π¡“‡ªìπ«—¥„πæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“·∫∫‡∂√«“∑„π¿“¬À≈—ß  ¡¬— æ√–‡®“â  √ÿ ¬‘ «√¡π— ∑Ë’ 2 ¬“«À≈“¬°‘‚≈‡¡μ√ ‚¥¬¡’°“√π”æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿª¡“ª√–¥‘…∞“π·≈–¥—¥·ª≈ß∫“ß à«π¢Õß ª√“ “∑‡ªìπæ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂‡™àπ∫√‘‡«≥ çÀâÕßæ√–æ—πé ∑’Ë§π‡¢¡√ÕÕ° §«“¡®√ß‘ çπ§√«¥— é ¡‘„™à™◊ÕË ¥ßÈ— ‡¥‘¡¢Õߪ√“ “∑Àπ‘ ·Ààßπ’È ‡ ¬’ ß«à“ çÀâÕ߇ª√¬’ –‡ªóÕπé Õ—π‡ªìπ‚∂ߥâ“π∑»‘ μ–«—πμ° Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß À≈—°∞“πμ“à ßÊ ™È’«à“‡¥¡‘ π§√«—¥™Ë◊Õ ç∫√¡«…‘ ≥‚ÿ ≈°é Õπ— À¡“¬ ™—Èπ Õß°—∫™È—π “¡¢Õßμ—«ª√“ “∑∑Ë’ —ππ‘…∞“π«à“ §√—ÈßÀπË÷߇§¬¡’ æ√–æÿ∑∏√Ÿªπ—∫æ—πÕߧåª√–¥‘…∞“πÕ¬àŸ·≈– à«πÀπ÷Ëß°Áπà“®–∂Ÿ°¬â“¬¢÷Èπ ∂ß÷ æ√–«…‘ ≥‡ÿ ªìπ‡®“â › ‡∑懮â“∑Ëæ’ √–‡®â“ √ÿ ¬‘ «√¡π— ∑Ë’ 2 π∫— ∂◊Õ ¡“¬ß— ™È—π∫π ¥ÿ ¢Õߪ√“ “∑∑Ë’º¡¬π◊ √Õ§«‘ ≈ß Ÿæà È◊π¥π‘ „π‡«≈“πÈ’ ‡æ’¬ß·μà™Ë◊Õ ç∫√¡«‘…≥ÿ‚≈°é ∑Ë’ª√“°Ø„π®“√÷°´÷Ëßæ∫„π¿“¬ √–À«à“ß√Õ ‡æË◊Õπ√à«¡∑“ß∑à“πÀπË÷߬—ßμ—ÈߢâÕ —߇°μ«à“ ·¡â®– À≈—ß∂Ÿ°≈◊¡‰ª‡ ’¬ π‘∑®“°§«“¡√—∫√⟢Õß™“«‡¢¡√√ÿàπμÈ—ß·μàæÿ∑∏ ‡ª≈Ë’¬πøíß°å™Ë—π„™âß“π‰ª‡æ’¬ß„¥ ·μàπ§√«—¥°Á¬—߇À≈◊Õ√àÕß√Õ¬§μ‘ »—°√“™ 1974 ≈ß¡“ Œ‘π¥ŸÕ¬àŸÕ¬“à ß™—¥‡®π ∑’ˇªìπ‡™àππÈ—π ‡æ√“–°Õß∑—æ ¬“¡ ¡—¬ ¡‡¥Á®‡®â“ “¡æ√–¬“ ‰¥â∫ÿ°‚®¡μ’‡¡◊Õßæ√–π§√À≈«ß®π·μ°·≈â«∑”≈“¬‡ ’¬√“∫§“∫ ∑”„Àâ°…—μ√‘¬å¢Õ¡ÕߧåÀ≈—ßÊ μâÕ߬⓬√“™∏“𒉪„À≰≈®“°°√ÿß »√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“∑Ë’∑«’§«“¡‡¢â¡·¢Áß¡“°¢È÷π‡√Ë◊Õ¬Ê ‚¥¬∑‘Èߪ√“ “∑ ”§—≠ Õ¬“à ß∫√¡«…‘ ≥‚ÿ ≈°‰«â„À√â °√â“ßÕ¬Ÿà°≈“ߪɓ∑∫÷ 58 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

throughout the complex. The kilometers-long cession of troops, believed to be Siamese, heading to inner walls of the galleries bear a series of large- sack Champa kingdom under King Suryavarman II, scale scenes depicting episodes from the Hindu which is located on the west of the southern gallery. epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata, and key incidents during King Suryavarman II’s reign. A part of the mural shows three Siamese sol- diers apparently having a lively chat while the army In fact, “Angkor Wat” is not the original name of was on the move. There used to be an inscription this ancient wonder. in ancient Khmer script which says “This is Siam Kuk,” suggesting that they were Siamese soldiers. Evidence shows that the temple in its early days (Such inscription has now disappeared.) was known as “Vrah Pisnulok,” after the presiding deity Vishnu which the king highly respected. As a modern Siamese, I am struck by the keen observation of the ancient Khmer sculptor who Vrah Pisnulok, the name mentioned in stone accurately depicted the Siamese people’s fun-loving inscriptions, was completely forgotten and did not attitude even in the time of war. ring a bell among the Cambodians since B.E. 1974. (1431 A.D.) While I am admiring the work of arts, at least 10 Thai tour groups flash by this spot. I can’t help This is because Siamese troops under Chao but overhear their critiques of the sculpted scene. Sam Phraya invaded and completely destroyed “These are Thai soldiers!” “Eh, this is Thai habit.” the capital, forcing Khmer kings to relocate the capital much farther away from Siamese capital But the last comment particularly pricks my of Ayutthaya, abandoning Vrah Pisnulok to be ears. “Too bad. If Angkor Wat belonged to Thailand, engulfed by jungle encroachment. we could run a more thorough study on this.” Hundreds of years later, Cambodian peasants The last comment is quite dangerous to the stumbled on the lost city they had no clue about. bilateral ties and definitely unfounded. The first They called the lost city “Nokor” or “Angkor” sandstone block of Angkor Wat was laid hundreds which means capital. of years before the rise of Siam. “Wat,” which means temple was added into Siem Reap, where Angkor Wat is located, might “Angkor Wat” probably after the secular struc- have once in a while been conquered by Siam dur- tures were later turned into a temple for Theravada ing the Ayutthaya and Ratanakosin period, but this Buddhism. Buddha statues were placed there and does not give Thailand a claim of ownership over certain parts of the temple turned into ordination this architectural wonder of the world. hall, such as the “Hall of a Thousand Buddhas,” or “Preah Poan” in Cambodian. The western gal- That afternoon, I lumber down the stairway with a lery connecting the second and the third floors is mixed feeling of fear and regret. believed to have stored thousands of Buddha stat- ues. Some were removed to the main temple in My naive perception of Angkor Wat before I which I am standing. actually arrived does not prepare me for its mag- nificence, its sacred atmosphere and its sheer size. During the wait, a fellow traveler observes that A historian once described Thailand’s proudest despite a change in function, the Hindu influence Khmer-style complex of Phanom Rung or Phimai still holds strong. complex as insignificant compared to Angkor Wat, and size-wise only as big as an archway of the mag- “For example, it is a ploy to force a worshiper nificent ancient ruins. This is not mentioning the to bow his head while hiking to the temple top on exquisite decorative patterns sculpted into many the incredibly steep stairs that was not designed stone pieces. for humans like us to climb.” The wonder, beauty and exquisiteness of this I cannot agree more. The ancient people would sanctuary have taken up all the space in my cam- have no business climbing the near-vertical stair- era’s memory cards and rolls of film. Three days way to attend up here, save for kings who came to wouldn’t be enough to have a good look of the worship gods. entire place. But with the magnificence of this biggest tour- I tell myself I would one day be back to further ist attraction in Cambodia, nothing can stop enthu- study and absorb the great Khmer culture which is siastic holiday makers these days. the genesis of many aspects of the Thai culture. For the Thais, the highlight of the trip is the one- Adapting Toynbee’s expression, historian Dr. kilometer-long sculpted mural depicting the pro- Charnvit Kasetsiri said it best: See Angkor and again and again…. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 59

çπ‡’Ë  ’¬¡°ÿ°é ¿“æ∑À’Ë ≈“¬§π‡™Õ◊Ë «“à ‡ªìπ°Õß∑æ—  ¬“¡ ·μ°à Á¬ß— ¡ª’ √‘»π“«à“À¡“¬∂ß÷ æ√–æÿ∑∏√ªŸ ∑˪’ √–¥‘…∞“πÕ¬Ÿà„πª“ߪ√–∏“π™—Èπ∫π ¥ÿ ¢Õßπ§√«—¥ §π ¬“¡®“°∑Ë’‰Àπ°—π·πà A Buddha statue on the topmost level of Ankor Wat. A bas-relief frieze thought by many to portray a Siam army. But it remains a mystery from whence these “Siamese” came. 燙àπÕÿ∫“¬„π°“√„ÀâºâŸ∑’Ë¡“ —°°“√–∫Ÿ™“‡∑懮ⓠμâÕߧâÕ¡μ—« ∑—»π–À≈—ß ÿ¥π—Èπ Õ—πμ√“¬Õ¬à“߬ˑßμàÕ§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫‡æ◊ËÕ𠧓√«–‡∑懮Ⓞπ¢≥–∑Ë’¢È÷π Ÿà™—Èπ¬Õ¥ª√“ “∑‚¥¬ √â“ß∫—π‰¥∑Ë’ Ÿß™—π ∫â“π ¥â«¬∂â“æ‘®“√≥“ª√–«—μ‘»“ μ√å π§√«—¥‡°‘¥°àÕπÕ“≥“®—°√·√° ´ß÷Ë ‰¡à‰¥âÕÕ°·∫∫¡“ ”À√∫— ¡πÿ…¬å∑Ë’æ«°‡√“°”≈—߉μ¢à È÷π≈ßÕ¬àπŸ éÈ’ ¢Õߧπ‰∑¬§◊Õ ÿ‚¢∑—¬ (æ.». 1781-1981) √“« 86 ªï (æ.».1656-1695) ∑—È߬—߇°‘¥°àÕπÕ¬ÿ∏¬“ (æ.».1893-2310) ´÷ßË °Á§ß®√ß‘ ‡æ√“–¥«â ¬§«“¡ ßŸ ¢Õß¡π— º¡°Á‰¡§à ¥‘ «“à ¡πÿ…¬å¬ÿ§ ‡°◊Õ∫ 200 ªï  à«π√—∞™“쉑 ∑¬ ¡¬— „À¡à°Á‡æˑ߇°‘¥‡¡ÕË◊ ªï 2475 (π∫— °àÕπ®–¡’∏√ÿ –Õ–‰√∫ππ’È ‡«πâ ·μà°…μ— √‘¬å∑μË’ âÕß°√–∑”°“√ °— °“√–∫™Ÿ “ ®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß°“√ª°§√Õß) °“√‡À¡“«à“π§√«—¥„π®—ßÀ«—¥ ‡∑懮“â ‡ ¬’ ¡√“∞∑’Ë ¬“¡ª√–‡∑»‡§¬¬¥÷ ¡“‡ªìπ‡¡◊ÕߢÈπ÷ ‡ªπì √–¬–Ê ¡“μßÈ— ·μà  ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“®π∂÷ß ¡—¬√—μπ‚° ‘π∑√å ‡§¬‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß√—∞™“μ‘ ‡æ’¬ß·μà„π¬ÿ§∑’Ë°√–· °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡‰ª∑Ë—«‚≈° ‰∑¬®÷߇ªì𧫓¡√—∫√Ÿâ∑Ë’§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ®“°¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß„πÕ¥’μ ‰√â μ√√°–πÈ¥’ ®Ÿ –‡≈Õ◊ π≈“߉ª‡ ¬’ ·≈â« ª√–‚¬™πå„πª®í ®ÿ∫—π ·≈–®–°Õà ªí≠À“„πÕπ“§μ  ”À√—∫§π‰∑¬ ‰Œ‰≈μåÕ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπË÷ߢÕßπ§√«—¥§◊Õ¿“æ ≈—° à«π ‡¬Áπ«—ππÈ—π º¡‡¥‘π≈ß®“°™È—π∫π ÿ¥¢Õߪ√“ “∑¥â«¬§«“¡ Àπß÷Ë ∫π°”·æß√–‡∫¬’ ß∑‘»„μâΩßíò μ–«π— μ° ≥ ™πÈ— ·√° ¥ÿ ¢Õߪ√“ “∑ À«“¥‡ ¬’ «ªπ‡ ¬’ ¥“¬ ∑Ë’‡≈à“‡√Ë◊Õß°“√¬°∑—扪μ’Õ“≥“®—°√®“¡¢Õßæ√–‡®â“™—¬«√¡—π∑Ë’ 2 ¬“«‡°◊Õ∫ 1 °‘‚≈‡¡μ√ ‚¥¬®—¥·∫àß°Õß∑—æÀπÿπ®“°‡¡◊Õßμà“ßÊ ®–«à“‰ª·≈â« πË’‡ªì𧫓¡‰¡àª√– “Õ’°ª√–°“√ÀπË÷ß„π°“√ Õ¬“à ß™—¥‡®π ‡μ√’¬¡μ—«‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“∑Ë’πË’ ¥â«¬∑ÿ° Ë‘ß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“߇°Ë’¬«°—∫π§√«—¥∑’Ë ®π‘ μπ“°“√‡Õ“‰«âº‘¥À¡¥‡¡◊ÕË ¡“∂ß÷  ∂“π∑®Ë’ √‘ß  à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß°√–∫«π∑—æ ¡’®ÿ¥‡¥àπμ√ß∑’Ë°Õß∑—æÀπË÷ß¡’∑À“√ Û §πÀ—πÀπâ“À—πÀ≈—ߧÿ¬°—πÕ¬à“ß πÿ° π“π„π√–À«à“߇¥‘π∑—æ ∑Ë’ ‰¡à«à“§«“¡ß“¡ §«“¡¢√÷¡¢≈—ß ∑’ËÕ—»®√√¬å∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ¢π“¥ μ√ßπ’È„πÕ¥’μ ‡§¬¡’Õ—°…√¢Õ¡‚∫√“≥·ª≈‰¥â«à“ çπ’Ë ‡ ’¬¡°ÿ°é ª√“ “∑´Ë÷ßπ—°‚∫√“≥§¥’∑à“πÀπË÷߇ª√’¬∫‰«âÕ¬à“߇ÀÁπ¿“æ«à“ ∂â“π” ®“√÷°Õ¬àŸ ∑”„ÀâºâŸæ∫‡ÀÁ𧑥‰ª«à“‡ªìπ°Õß∑—æ ¬“¡®“°≈àÿ¡πÈ” ª√“ “∑À‘πæπ¡√âÿßÀ√◊Õª√“ “∑À‘πæ‘¡“¬‰ª‡∑’¬∫ ¡—π®–¡’¢π“¥ ‡®â“æ√–¬“ (ª®í ®∫ÿ —π®“√°÷ πÈ—π Ÿ≠À“¬‰ª·≈â«) ‡æ’¬ß·§à´âÿ¡ª√–μŸÀπ÷ËߢÕßπ§√«—¥‡∑à“πÈ—π! ‰¡àπ—∫√«¡§«“¡«‘®‘μ√ æ ‘ ¥“√¢Õß≈«¥≈“¬∂°Ÿ  ≈°— ‡ ≈“‡Õ“‰«∫â π∑∫— À≈ß— °”·æß œ≈œ π’ˇÕß ∑”„À♓« ¬“¡¬ÿ§ 2007 Õ¬à“ߺ¡Õÿ∑“π¥â«¬§«“¡  π‡∑àÀå«à“ ‚Õ! ™à“ß·°– ≈—°™“«¢Õ¡‚∫√“≥™à“ß ◊ËÕ≈—°…≥–™π™“μ‘ §«“¡Õ—»®√√¬å §«“¡ß“¡ ·≈–§«“¡«‘®‘μ√¢Õߪ√“ “∑À‘π·Ààß  ¬“¡∑’Ë√°—  π°ÿ ·¡·â μà„π¬“¡ ß§√“¡‰¥âÕ¬“à ߬ե‡¬¬Ë’ ¡‡ ¬’ π°Ë’ √–‰√ πÈ’‡Õß ‡ªìπ‡Àμÿ„ÀâÀπ૬§«“¡®”·≈–øî≈å¡∑È—ßÀ¡¥∑Ë’‡μ√’¬¡‰ª‰¡àæÕ ·≈–∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π’ÀÈ “°μ—Èß„®‡¥‘π¥ŸÕ¬“à ßæπ‘ ‘®æ®‘ “√≥“ 3 «—π°Á‰¡πà “à æÕ Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ—°ª√–«—μ‘»“ μ√åÀ≈“¬ ”π—°¬—ßμ’§«“¡ ‡ÀÁπμà“ß ·≈–¬ß—  √ÿª‰¡μà √ß°π— «“à 燠’¬¡°°ÿ é §◊Õ∫√√æ∫ÿ√…ÿ ¢Õߧπ ·πàπÕπ «—πÀπË÷ߺ¡®–μâÕß°≈—∫‰ªÕ’°§√—Èß °≈—∫‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“ ‰∑¬„πª®í ®∫ÿ π— π§√«—¥ ·≈–‰ª´÷¡´—∫§«“¡¬‘Ëß„À≠à¢ÕßÕ“√¬∏√√¡¢Õ¡Õ—π‡ªìπμâπ √“°∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡À≈“¬Õ¬à“ߢÕߧπ‰∑¬ªí®®∫ÿ —π º¡ —≠®√‰ª‡¬¬’Ë ¡Ê ¡ÕßÊ ¥°Ÿ Õß∑À“√‡ ’¬¡°°ÿ °æÁ ∫‡ ’¬ß‡´ßÁ ·´à¢Õß∑—«√å‰∑¬∑’‡Ë ¢“â ¡“‰¡μà ”Ë °«“à 10 §≥– ´ß÷Ë ∑ÿ°§≥–‡¡◊ÕË º“à πμ√ß ∂÷ßμ√ßπ’È ∫“ß∑’§ßμâÕ߬◊¡§”¢Õß ¥√.™“≠«‘∑¬å ‡°…μ√»‘√‘ ∑Ë’ πÈ’°Á®–À¬ÿ¥«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥剪μà“ßÊ π“Ê ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ çπË’∑À“√‰∑¬é ‡Õ¬à ·°â§”¢ÕßÕ“√å‚π≈¥å ∑Õ¬π∫å ’ «à“ ç‡ÕπË’¡—ππ‘ —¬§π‰∑¬é À√◊Õ·¡â·μà°√–∑—Ëß ç‡ ’¬¥“¬∂â“π§√«—¥¬—ß ‡ªπì ¢Õ߉∑¬§ß¡’°“√»°÷ …“‰¥¡â “°°«“à πÈé’ See Angkor and again and againÇ. 60 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

Õ°’ √Ÿª·∫∫ÀπË÷ߢÕß°“√∑Õà ߇∑’ˬ«∑“߇≈Õ◊ °„π‡ ’¬¡‡√’¬∫ Another way to travel in Siem Reap. ‡∑’¬Ë «π§√«¥— Exploring ·∫∫‰¡°à àÕ Angkor Wat ¡≈¿“«– Cleanly ∂â“À“°§ÿ≥æ—°Õ¬Ÿà„πμ—«‡¡◊Õ߇ ’¬¡‡√’¬∫ «‘∏’°“√‡¥‘π∑“߉ª™¡π§√ If you happen to stay in Siem Reap, one way to explore «—¥π§√∏¡·≈–°≈àÿ¡ª√“ “∑μà“ßÊ ∑ËÕ’ ¬∑Ÿà “ß∑‘»‡ÀπÕ◊ ¢Õ߇¡◊ÕßÕ’°«‘∏’ Angkor Wat and other ancient complexes is to hop ÀπË÷ßπÕ°®“°πË—ß√∂§◊Õ‡™à“®—°√¬“π ‚¥¬√â“π‡™à“®—°√¬“π “¡“√∂À“ on a bicycle. Bikes are available for rent throughout ‰¥â∑—Ë«‰ª „πμ—«‡¡◊Õ߇ ’¬¡‡√’¬∫  à«π¡“°§à“‡™à“®–‰¡à‡°‘π«—π≈– 2 the city at less than US$2 a day (approximately 70 ¥Õ≈≈“√å (ª√–¡“≥ 70 ∫“∑) ∂Ÿ°¡“°‡¡Ë◊Õ‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√®â“ß√∂ baht), relatively cheap compared with chartered ride. √—∫®â“ß·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß∑Ë’®–‰¥â√—∫°≈—∫¡“®“°°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬ Cycling is also a healthy and non-polluting way to go ·∂¡¬—߉¡à°àÕ¡≈¿“«–Õ°’ ¥â«¬ around. ∑È—ßπÈ’ °àÕπ°“√ªòíπ®—°√¬“π‡¢â“™¡ ∂“π∑Ë’μà“ßÊ ®–μâÕß´◊ÈÕ∫—μ√∑’Ë Cyclists need to pay entrance fee for such excursion ¥à“π∑Ë’Õ¬ŸàÀ“à ß®“°μ«— ‡¡◊Õߪ√–¡“≥ ˆ °‘‚≈‡¡μ√‡ ¬’ °Õà π ‚¥¬∫μ— √®–·∫ßà at the main entrance about 6 km from town. Admission ‡ªìπ Ò «π— Ú ‡À√’¬≠ Û «π— Ù ‡À√¬’ ≠ ˜ «—π ˆ ‡À√¬’ ≠ ‡¢“â ™¡ for all Khmer temples in the neighborhood is $20 for one ‰¥â∑Èß— π§√«¥— π§√∏¡ ·≈–°≈à¡ÿ ª√“ “∑∑Õ’Ë ¬∫Ÿà √‡‘ «≥„°≈‡â §¬’ ß∑Èß— À¡¥ day, $40 for three days and $60 for a week-long pass. ‡ âπ∑“ß°“√ªòíπ¡’À≈“¬∑“ß  à«π¡“°π‘¬¡‡√Ë‘¡μâπμÈ—ß·μàμ—«‡¡◊Õß There are many routes to take, but most people ‡ ’¬¡‡√’¬∫‰ª∑“ß∑‘»μ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õªòíπ¬âÕπ∑‘»∑“ßÕâÕ¡μ—«‡¡◊Õß tend to leave the city heading toward the Northeast and ∑“߇ÀπÕ◊ ·∫∫∑«π‡¢Á¡π“Ãî°“ º“à πª√“ “∑°√–«“π (Kravan) ∫π— μ’§–‡¥ then going around the town to the North in the counter- (Bantaey Kdei)  √– √“ß (Sras Srang) μ“·°«â (Ta Keo) ∏¡¡“ππ clockwise route. The route takes you to Kravan temple, (Thommanon) ®“°πÈ—π®÷߉ª‡¢â“‡¢μπ§√∏¡ ¬âÕπ≈ß„μâ¡“∑“ßπ§√«—¥ Bantaey Kdei, Sras Srang, Ta Keo and Thommanon. °àÕπ®–°≈—∫‡¢â“ Ÿàμ—«‡¡◊Õ߇ ’¬¡‡√’¬∫ √–¬–∑“ß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥§◊Õ Ú °‘‚≈‡¡μ√ From there you can proceed to Angkor Thom and to ‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥ ´÷ßË √–À«à“ß∑“ß®–¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â —¡º— °—∫™π∫∑·≈–«‘∂’¢Õß™“« the south of Angkor Wat before returning to town. The °¡— 晟 “Õ¬“à ß„°≈™â ‘¥ loop is about 20 km. It is a leisurely ride through rural Cambodian settings, a revelation that cannot be savored plying the main roads. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 61

‡ ’¬ß™¡ÿ ™π COMMUNITY VOICE Flight of the Gibbon À√◊Õ∑“߇¥‘π∫π¬Õ¥‰¡â  ßË‘ °àÕ √“â ß„π∫“â π·¡°à ”ªÕß “Flight of the Gibbon” – the rainforest canopy tour in Mae Kam Pong, › ‡ÕÈÕ◊ ‡øôóÕ¿“æ‚¥¬∫“ß°Õ°‚æ μå Chiang Mai. – Photo courtesy of the Bangkok Post °”‰√∑’Ë À≈“¬√âÕ¬§πÕæ¬æ‰ª‡≈◊Õ°«‘∂’·Ààß°“√∑” «π‡¡’ˬ߄π·∂∫π’È ®π °≈“¬‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥凩擖∂‘πË ·¡à°”ªÕß ‡ âπ∑“߇°…μ√°√√¡§◊Õ‡ âπ∑“ß·√°∑Ë’§π∑Ë’π’ˇ≈◊Õ° ·μà∑ÿ°«—ππÈ’ Õ®— ©√“«¥’ ∫«— §≈Ë’ ≈¡À“¬„®¢ÕßÀ≈“¬Ê §π„π∫â“π·¡à°”ªÕߧ◊Õ°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·∫∫‚Œ¡ ¿“æ ∑∫— ∑‘¡ ¡—Ëπ¡“°  ‡μ¬å∑’Ë°”≈—ß°â“«‡¥‘πÕ¬à“ß√–¡—¥√–«—ß ·¡â®–§ÿâπ‡§¬°—∫«‘∂’π’È¡“‡°◊Õ∫ 10 ªï·≈«â °μÁ “¡ ∂“â ‡ªπì «“à « ™ÕË◊ π°È’ Á‡√¬’ °«“à 쥑 ≈¡∫π‰ª·≈«â  ”À√∫— À¡∫àŸ â“π∑Õà ߇∑ˬ’ «‚Œ¡ ‡μ¬Õå ¬à“ß ç∫“â π·¡à°”ªÕßé æ√À¡¡‘π∑√å æ«ß¡“≈“ Õ¥’μºâŸ„À≠à∫â“π·¡à°”ªÕߧ◊ÕºŸâ¡’∫∑∫“∑  ”§—≠∑Ë’ª≈ÿ°∫â“π·¡à°”ªÕ߇¢â“ àŸ‡ âπ∑“ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ·μà°Á‰¡àª≈àÕ¬ ∏“√πÈ”‰À≈‡¬Áπ‡¬¬’ ∫ ¥Õ°°”ªÕ߇≈Á°Ê  ’‡À≈Õ◊ ß „Àâ∑Ë’π’Ëμ°‡ªìπ‡À¬Ë◊ÕÕ¬à“ß©“∫©«¬ ¥â«¬°“√√à«¡°—π®—¥√–∫∫∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ·¥ß√¡‘ À⫬·ºÕà “≥“®—°√  «π‡¡Ë¬’ ß≈–≈“πμ“ ·≈– ¢Õß∑π’Ë Ë’¥â«¬§π„π™¡ÿ ™π‡Õß Õ“°“»©Ë”™Ë◊πμ≈Õ¥ªï π§Ë’ Õ◊ ®¥ÿ À¡“¬ª≈“¬∑“ߢÕß π—°‡¥‘π∑“ß ‡’ ¢’¬« ç§π°”ªÕßÀ“¢Õߪɓ ∑”‡¡’Ë¬ß ¢“¬ ‘π§â“≈â«π‡ ’¬‡ª√’¬∫‡æ√“– ∫“â π‡√“Õ¬Ÿà‰°≈ ·μ∂à “â ‡√“¥ß÷ μ≈“¥ ¥ß÷ §π¡“À“‡√“ ‡√“®–Õ¬àŸ‰¥â ´ß÷Ë  Ëß‘ ∑Ë’ ·μ°à «à“∑à°Ë’ ”ªÕß®–¡’«—ππÈ’ §π∑’πË Ë°’ μÁ âÕ߇√’¬π√⟠·≈– ‡À¡“– ¡ ”À√—∫∫â“π‡√“§◊ÕÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« √“¬‰¥â‡ √‘¡®“°°“√∑àÕß ≈ß¡◊Õ‡≈◊Õ°‡ âπ∑“߇¥‘π °”‰√¢Õß§π°”ªÕß®÷߉¡à„™à ‡∑’ˬ«®–™à«¬≈¥°“√∫ÿ°√ÿ°æ◊Èπ∑Ë’ªÉ“ ·≈–√—°…“∏“√πÈ”¢ÕßÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π„Àâ§π ‡¡Á¥‡ß‘π∑Ë’‡æ‘Ë¡¡“®“°°“√‡μ‘∫‚μ¢Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« Õ¬Ÿà‰¥éâ ‡∑à“π—Èπ ·μà¥Õ°º≈π—Èπ§◊Õ«‘∏’ √â“ߧ«“¡¬—Ë߬◊π¢Õß ™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’‡ªìπ¥—ß°”‰√™’«‘μ∑Ë’§π°”ªÕ߇√’¬π√⟷≈–®—¥°“√ ®“°®¥ÿ ª√–°“¬·π«§‘¥π—πÈ æàÕÀ≈«ßæ√À¡¡π‘ ∑√‡å æ’¬√ √“â ߧ«“¡ μ—«‡Õß ‡¢â“„®°—∫≈Ÿ°∫â“π ·≈–≈ß¡◊Õ∑”∑—π∑’ °√–®“¬æ◊Èπ∑’Ë √â“ߺŸâπ”¬àÕ¬ ª√—∫ª√ÿß™ÿ¡™π ∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®„À♓«∫â“πμ√–Àπ—°∂÷ߧÿ≥§à“¢ÕßπÈ” ªÉ“ ∫â“π·¡°à ”ªÕß μ.À⫬·°«â Õ.·¡àÕÕπ ®.‡™’¬ß„À¡à ´àÕπμ—«  ¡ÿπ‰æ√√Õ∫μ—« ....·°ß·§ πÈ”æ√‘°ÕàÕß °—∫¢â“«æ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß °“√∑”‰√à ‡ ¬’ ß –≈Õâ ´Õ ´ß÷ ∑’ÕË “®¥Ÿ· π∏√√¡¥“ ”À√—∫§π∑πË’ Ë’ ·μàπ’Ë·À≈–§◊Õ ‡ÕßÕ¬àŸ„πÀ≈◊∫¢ÕßÀ∫ÿ ‡¢“ π“ππ—∫√Õâ ¬ªï π∫— ®“°™“«¥Õ¬ –‡°¥Á ∑ Ë’ ‘Ëߺ¡Ÿâ “‡¬Õ◊ π· «ßÀ“‰¥â‡√¬’ π√Ÿâ 62 æàÕÀ≈«ßæ√À¡¡‘π∑√嬗߇™Ë◊Õ¡‚¬ß°—∫∫√‘…—∑∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ª√– “π Àπ૬√“™°“√ √â“ß ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«° ∑’Ë ÿ¥∫â“π·¡à°”ªÕß°Á‡ªî¥ ∫â“π√—∫π—°‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“‡√’¬π√Ÿâ«‘∂’§π‡¡◊Õß„π∞“π–À¡àŸ∫â“π∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß π‡‘ «» ‡¡Ë◊Õªï 2543 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMaayy -- AAuugguusstt 22000088

Gains for Mae Kam Pong Atcharawadi Buaklee ∑“߇¢“â À¡àŸ∫“â π‚Œ¡ ‡μ¬å·¡à°”ªÕß Photos Tubtim Munmak A road to Mae Kam Pong home stay village. If it were a kite, Ban Mae Kam Pong, which disadvantage because we are in a remote area. But has offered home stay for tourists, must have if we can draw people to us and make our village been flying high in the sky. a market, we will be able to survive. Our village is suitable for tourism. A supplementary income A running stream of chilly water, vast from tourism will reduce forest encroachment and expanses of land covered with yellow-red save the stream for the villagers.” small Kam Pong flowers, lush Miang plan- tations, and year-round crispy air. Here is a With a spark from this idea, Pho Luang (an destination of many a green tourist. honorific given to a respected person in northern Thailand) Prommin tirelessly forged an under- But, before becoming what it is today, the standing with the villagers. He started to culti- people here had to learn and decided on a vate leaders, improve the community, and educate path to take. The gains for the people of Mae the villagers about the values of what they have Kam Pong are thus not just money generated around them – forests, herbal plants, local food like from the growth of tourism but their ability kaeng khae and prik ong, plantations, and sounds of to attain sustainable ways of self-reliance such musical instrument as salor, fiddle or saw and and management. guitar-like sueng. He told them these assets may be very common to the villagers, but are much sought Mae Kam Pong, a village of tambon Huay Kaew after by visitors. in Mae On district of Chiang Mai province, nestles in a corner of a valley for hundreds of years since Pho Luang Prommin then contacted tour com- the day several hundred people migrated from Doi panies and coordinated with government agen- Sa Ket to this location to embark on Miang (a native cies to build tourist facilities. Mae Kam Pong was tree which produces leaves for chewing) planta- finally opened to tourists as a village for ecotourism tions which have become a symbol of the locality. in 2000. Agriculture was the first path the people here That was when travelers began to see the beauty chose to take. But, for today, home stay tourism of the 100-meter-high and seven-tier Mae Kam Pong has become a way of life for many people, though waterfall and a stream of the same name that runs they are moving along this road carefully even underneath a large rock. They could experience the after being on it for nearly a decade. wonder of a large rock called Hin Khlon that sways only with a gentle touch but which stays solidly in Prommin Duangmala, a former village head- place when pushed hard. The visitors could take in man, plays an important role in leading the village the fresh air amid a forest of Phaya Sua Khrong flow- along the path of tourism. But, the people here are ers on Doi Mon Lan mountain. Or they could opt careful enough not to take it lightly by setting up a for living a local lifestyle by staying with the villag- tourism management system of their own. ers, sharing their meals and collecting, steaming or wrapping up Miang leaves. They could learn about “Mae Kam Pong people deal in wild products, herbal plants, visit a temple for merit-making, or Miang (chewing sets) and other goods and are at a 63 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088

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∏“√πÈ”∑Ë’‰À≈„®°≈“ßÀ¡Ÿ∫à “â π ∑”„Àâ∫“â πæ°— ·∑∫∑°ÿ À≈—ß ¡— º — ‰¥∂â ÷߇ ¬’ ßÕ—π©Ë”™Ë◊π out of 100 houses in two village sections are opened for home stay to earn directly from tourism, effec- A stream which runs through the the village permeates the air tive management is therefore of high importance. with its soothing, gurgling sound. In addition to restoring local cultures and take part in a traditional bai sri soo khwan ceremony the old way of life along with other activities to to strengthen their spirits. attract tourists, the villagers have launched sev- eral other activities. These include training of local The arrival of tourism did bring about unde- tour guides, and formations of a native musical sirable consequences, however. Garbage started group, a local dance troupe, a wickerwork mak- piling up and was left unattended to. Plants were ing group, a bamboo furniture making group, a destroyed unintentionally or unwittingly. The native herb group, a traditional massage group, community became crowded and plagued with and a traditional knife-making group. Since the alien cultures. These conditions caused the villag- heads of all households in Mae Kam Pong village ers to explore ways of protecting their “homes”. are members of the Mae Kam Pong Electricity They wanted appropriate development and so they Project Cooperative which was founded in 1986, conducted a research on “sustainable forms of eco- eco-tourism has been made an activity of the coop- tourism management at Mae Kam Pong village,” erative. Therefore, it can be said that eco-tourism sponsored by the regional office of the Thailand is the main source of income of the community. Research Fund as a framework for development. The income is thoroughly distributed to all house- holds. After deduction of expenses, the profit goes Pho Luang Prommin and the villagers then to the cooperative which pays dividend to all of its worked out to reach a mutual understanding con- members. cerning tourism that it is necessary for them to pre- serve their village, natural resources, forests, and Changes are inevitable, however. A new thing their traditional way of life. A tourism committee has been brought to Mae Kam Pong. Four months comprising representatives from six sections of the ago a foreign investor has set up a camp where village was set up to ensure participation from all cables were laid on trees to connect 15 bases points concerned. Rules for common practice were for- for a distance of 1 kilometer at Tharn Thong and mulated. A road check point was set up to prevent Mae Kam Pong villages to cater to adventure-lov- smuggling of protected forest resources, ensure the ing tourists. speed limit of 35kph is observed, and see to it that no construction encroaches on the stream. Tour guides Pho Luang Prommin sees this as a supplemen- are required to inform visitors about the local way tary activity to jungle trekking. But, in order for of life, traditions, and beliefs and to know how to the village not to lose its identity, the village com- behave themselves properly. Members of the com- mittee agreed to allow this activity in a zone out- munity jointly fixed service rates at an acceptable side the village. The investor is required to pay an standard and managed to fairly distribute income annual fee to the village and land owners. from tourism. “There are now many outsiders living here. Such rules are essential for sustainable tour- This may be viewed as a change or a negative ism. It is necessary for all of about 500 people in six development. But, based on the objective of our sections to maintain the village’s resources and the development, it can be regarded as a success – like charm of the traditional way of life. Since only 17 a country which has drawn foreign investors. However, we place emphasis on keeping the origi- nal ways of life and maintaining our resources, having tourism as a supplement. We believe the nature of Mae Kam Pong will not change.” Since the people here are involved in tourism, they have had a profound understanding and real- ization that to have sustainable tourism, they are duty-bound to take care of their resources accord- ing to the rules they jointly formulated. What Mae Kam Pong has gained is not only a supplementary income but their land that is kept green and their original way of life maintained in harmony with the modern way of life. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 65

¡À‘ß “πâÕ¬...π°— «‘®¬— «¬— ‡¬“«å LITTLE MAHINGSA...YOUNG RESEARCHERS çμâπ°≈“â ·Ààß  “¬πÈ”é πÈ”μ°À«â ¬‚μâ ‡√◊ËÕß/¿“æ: °≈ÿ¡à μâπ°≈“â ·Àßà  “¬πÈ” ·≈⫧√Ÿ°Áæ“æ«°‡√“¡“∑Ë’Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“쑇¢“æπ¡‡∫≠®“ °≈àÿ¡μâπ°≈â“·Ààß “¬πÈ” ®“°§«“¡√⟇¥‘¡∑Ë’æ«°‡√“√Ÿâ‡æ’¬ß«à“À⫬‚μ⇪ìπ‡æ’¬ß∑Ë’∑Ë’∑”„Àâ‡√“ ∂à“¬√Ÿª√à«¡°π— ∫πæÈ◊πÀ≠“â „°≈πâ È”μ°À⫬‚μâ „πÕÿ∑¬“π‡¢“æπ¡‡∫≠®“ À“¬√âÕπ ‡¡Ë◊Õ‡¢â“¡“∂÷߇¬Áπ ∫“¬·≈– πÿ° π“π‡¡Ë◊Õ‰¥â‡≈àππÈ”μ° ‡¬ÁπÊ °‡Á ª≈Ë’¬π¡“‡ªπì §”∂“¡¡“°¡“¬∑√Ë’ Õ‡√“§πâ À“§”μÕ∫ Members of the Ton Kla Haeng Sai Nam group pose for a picture on the ground of Khao Phanombencha National Park. „À¡à ªÜÿ¬ πÿä° π“ß μÕß ‡ø° «’ ·≈–ÀπË÷ß æ«°‡√“‡ªìππ—° ‡√’¬π™È—π¡.5 ¢Õß‚√߇√’¬π‡¡◊Õß°√–∫Ë’ ®÷߇°‘¥·π«§‘¥∑’Ë®–√«¡°≈ÿà¡ ‰¡à¡’ „§√„π®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫’Ë∑Ë’ ‰¡à√⟮—°πÈ”μ°À⫬‚μâ ∑È—ßπÈ’§ß‡ªìπ °—π‡ªìππ—° ◊∫πâÕ¬...μ“¡√Õ¬¡À‘ß “ ‚¥¬μÈ—ß™◊ËÕ°≈ÿà¡«à“ çμâπ°≈â“ ‡æ√“–§«“¡ «¬ß“¡¢Õß “¬πÈ”∑’Ë ‰À≈≈ߺà“πÀπ⓺“·≈–‚¢¥ ·Àßà  “¬πÈ”é À‘π·μ°≈–ÕÕßÕ¬à“ß «¬ß“¡μ‘¥μ“ πÕ°®“°§«“¡ß“¡¢Õß πÈ”μ°·≈⫬—ß¡’º◊πªÉ“∑’ËÕÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‰ª¥â«¬æ—π∏åÿ ‰¡âπ“π“ π—∫μ—ßÈ ·μà‡¥Õ◊ π¡∂‘ ÿπ“¬π 2550 „π∑°ÿ «π— À¬¥ÿ ‡ “√-å Õ“∑μ‘ ¬å ™π¥‘ ∑’Ëæ«°‡√“™“«°√–∫’¿Ë “§¿¡Ÿ ‘„® À√◊Õ™à«ß«—πÀ¬ÿ¥∑Ë’¡’‡«≈“«à“ßæ√âÕ¡°—π æ«°‡√“‡√‘Ë¡‡¥‘π∑“ß®“° ∫â“π¡“‚√߇√’¬π ·≈â«¡“æ√âÕ¡°—π∑’ËÕÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“쑇¢“æπ¡ πÈ”μ°À⫬‚μâμ—ÈßÕ¬àŸ „π‡¢μÕÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“쑇¢“æπ¡‡∫≠®“ ‡∫≠®“ ‡√‘¡Ë »÷°…“æπÈ◊ ∑’ªË “É μπâ π”È §«“¡ ”§≠— ¢Õߺπ◊ ªÉ“ ´Ë÷߇ªìπÕÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘∑“ß∫°·Àà߇¥’¬«¢Õß®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫Ë’μÈ—ßÕ¬Ÿà μ”∫≈∑∫— ª√‘° Õ”‡¿Õ‡¡◊Õß ®ß— À«—¥°√–∫Ë’ ¥«â ¬°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß∑’·Ë  π ®“°§”·π–π”¢ÕßæË’‡≈È’¬ß‚§√ß°“√∑”„Àâæ«°‡√“μ—¥ ‘π„®  –¥«° ®÷߇ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ë∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«·ÀàßÀπË÷ß∑Ë’·¢°∫â“π·¢°‡¡◊Õß  ¡—§√‡ªπì  ¡“™‘°¡À‘ß “πÕâ ¬ ‚¥¬¢Õ‡ πÕ‚§√ß°“√√–¥∫— ‡À√¬’ ≠ μâÕß¡“‡¬◊Õπ ∑Õß πÕ°®“°§«“¡ß“¡®“°∏√√¡™“μ‘∑Ë’¡’ ‰«â „Àâπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‰¥â¡“ æ«°‡√“¡’§«“¡ π„®∑’Ë®–»÷°…“‡°’ˬ«°—∫πÈ”∑’Ë ‰À≈®“°ªÉ“  —¡º— ·≈â« π”È μ°À«â ¬‚μ¬â —߇ªπì μπâ °”‡π¥‘ §≈Õß·ª¥ “¬ ‡ª√¬’ ∫ μâππÈ”§◊ÕπÈ”μ°À⫬‚μâ ºà“π°“√„™âß“π¢Õß™ÿ¡™π∫â“πÀ⫬‚μâ ‡ ¡◊Õπ°—∫ “¬‡≈◊Õ¥∑’ËÀ≈àÕ‡≈È’¬ß§π∑—Èß®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫’Ë „Àâ¡’πÈ”„π ∫â“π∑—∫ª√‘° ·≈–μ”∫≈°√–∫’Ë „À≠à ‚¥¬·∫àß®ÿ¥»÷°…“ÕÕ°‡ªìπ 4 °“√Õªÿ ‚¿§∫√‘‚¿§μ≈Õ¥∑—ßÈ ªï ®ÿ¥ ‡æË◊Õ»÷°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥¢ÕßπÈ” »÷°…“§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑—Èß ∑“߇§¡’ °“¬¿“æ ·≈–™’«¿“æ ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ëæ«°‡√“§âπæ∫ πÈ”∑’Ë ∫àÕ¬§√—Èß∑Ë’æ«°‡√“·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπÊ ‰¥â¡“‡≈àππÈ”∑’ËπÈ”μ°À⫬‚μâ ‰À≈ºà“π°“√„™âß“π¢Õß™ÿ¡™π¬—ßÕ¬Ÿà „π√–¥—∫∑’Ë “¡“√∂„™â „π°“√ «—πÀπ÷Ëߧ√Ÿ∑—μ‡√’¬°æ«°‡√“∑ȗߙȗπ‡¢â“¡“§ÿ¬ «à“ π„®®–∑” Õÿª‚¿§‰¥â ·≈–¥â“πª√‘¡“≥ ‡√“æ∫«à“¡’ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”∑’ˇ撬ßæÕ„π °‘®°√√¡¡À‘ß “ “¬ ◊∫‰À¡ ‡æ◊ËÕπ„πÀâÕ߇√“∫“ߧπ°Á‡§¬∑” °“√º≈‘μπ”È ª√–ª“μ≈Õ¥∑È—ßªï °‘®°√√¡πÈ’¡“°àÕπ·≈â« æ«°‡√“°ÁæÕ®–√—∫√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕß√“«¢Õß‚§√ß°“√ ∫â“ß ‡ßË◊Õπ‰¢∑’˧√Ÿ∫Õ°æ«°‡√“§◊Õ „Àâ√«¡°≈àÿ¡°—π 8 §π ·μà Ë‘ß∑’Ëæ«°‡√“‡ªìπÀà«ß¡“°°Á§◊Õ  ¿“æªÉ“À⫬‚μâ∂Ÿ°∫ÿ°√ÿ° ∑Ë’ “¡“√∂∑”ß“π√«à ¡°—π‰¥â ∑”≈“¬¡“°¢È÷π ‡æ√“–™“«∫â“π„π®—ßÀ«¥— ¢Õ߇√“¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡æ◊πÈ ∑Ë∑’ ”  «πª“≈å¡πÈ”¡—π·≈– «π¬“ßæ“√“¡“°¢È÷π  ‘Ëß∑’Ëæ«°‡√“∑”‰¥â§◊Õ æ«°‡√“‰ªæ∫°—∫Õ∫μ. „À⇢“™à«¬°—π¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ªÉ“™ÿ¡™π ‚¥¬π” º≈°“√»÷°…“¢Õßæ«°‡√“‰ª „Àâ ‡√“‰ª«‘∑¬ÿ™ÿ¡™π ‚¥¬ºà“π‡æ◊ËÕπ ∑’ˇªìπ¥’‡®„Àâª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å „Àâ∑ÿ°§π‡ÀÁπ§ÿ≥§à“¢ÕߪɓÀ⫬‚μâ ´Ë÷߇ªìπªÉ“μâππÈ” „Àâ‡ÀÁπ§ÿ≥§à“¢ÕßπÈ”∑Ë’ ‰À≈ºà“π™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’®–μâÕß ™à«¬°—π¥Ÿ·≈‰¡à∑‘Èߢ¬–≈ß„π§≈Õß ‡æ√“–πÈ”„π§≈Õ߇ªìππÈ”∑’Ë∂Ÿ° π”¡“„™âº≈‘μπÈ”ª√–ª“‡≈È’¬ß§π∑È—ß®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫’Ë πÕ°®“°π’ȇ√“¬—ß μ¥‘ ªÑ“¬‰¡∑à ‘Èߢ¬–≈ß„π≈”§≈Õߥ⫬ πË’§◊ՠˑ߇≈°Á Ê ∑’Ëæ«°‡√“∑”‰¥â¥«â ¬¡◊Õ‡≈Á°Ê ‡√“À«—ß·μà‡æ’¬ß«à“ªÉ“·ÀàßπÈ’®–‡ªìπªÉ“´—∫πÈ”∑’Ë¡’πÈ”‰À≈‰«â ‡≈’Ȭߙ“«°√–∫Ë’·≈–¡’πÈ”μ°∑’ˇªìπ∑’˧≈“¬√âÕπ·≈–¥÷ßπ—°∑àÕß ‡∑’ˬ«¡“‡∑¬Ë’ «°√–∫’Ëμ≈Õ¥‰ª 66 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

Seedlings of a Waterfall Story/photos: Ton Kla Haeng Sai Nam (Seedlings of Streams) Group Huay To waterfall is known to everyone in μ√«®º≈°“√μ√«® Õ∫π”È ÀπßË÷ „π ¡“™‘°μπâ °≈â“œ ‡°∫Á Krabi province, probably because of the beauty of a stream that runs down from the top of a „π≈”À⫬ μ«— Õ¬“à ßπÈ”®“°À«â ¬‚μâ cliff and hits rocks down below, causing cap- tivating splashes and mists of water spray. Checking the result of A Ton Kla member takes Besides the waterfall, there is a forest rich with water testing. a water sample from the various kinds of flora that the Krabi people are creek of Huay To. proud of. decided to apply for Little Mahingsa member- Huay To waterfall is situated in Khao ship and proposed a gold-medal project. Phanom Bencha, an inland national park in tambon Thap Prik of Muang district. A trip to We were interested in how water which runs the waterfall is convenient, making it a place from Huay To waterfall is used by residents in for all tourists to visit. Huay To and Thap Prik villages as well as oth- ers in tambon Krabi Yai. We conducted study Apart from its natural beauty, Huay To at four spots to determine water volume and its waterfall is also the source of eight streams chemical and biological quality. As we found which serve as water feeding lines to the people out, the water in the stream that ran through of Krabi throughout the year. the communities was still fit for use. We also found that the water was of a sufficient volume We often visited the waterfall and played for producing tap water throughout the year. in the water. One day, our teacher, Khru Thad, called for a meeting and asked if we would like But, what was much of our concern was the to participate in an activity called “Mahingsa wide-scale destruction of the Huay To forest as Inspectors.” Some of our friends said they villagers acquired more land for oil palm and used to take part in this activity. We also had rubber plantations. We went to meet members learned about it before. So, the teachers told us of the tambon administration organization to divide into groups of eight students who can and asked them to help protect the community work together. forest. We gave them the results of our study. We went to the community radio station. And, Then the teacher took us to the Phanom through our friend who was a radio show host, Bencha National Park. Prior to this visit, Huay we told the villagers how important the Huay To waterfall to us was only a place where we To forest is. We told them not to throw garbage could be relieved of the heat with coolness and into the streams, to keep water in good qual- play in the water before sunset. This time, we ity because it was the source of tap water for the came up with many questions to which we had whole population of Krabi. We also put up no- to search for answers. littering signs by the streams. Our group – Mai, Pui, Nook, Nang, Tong, That was what we did with our little hands. Fake, Vee and Nueng – who made up a group of We hope the forest will continue to serve as close friends of a Mathayom 5 class of Muang a source of water to feed the Krabi people and to Krabi School then came up with an idea to form let us have a waterfall to relax ourselves and to a group of little explorers to follow the traces draw tourists to our province. of Mahingsa. We named our group “Ton Kla Haeng Sai Nam” (Seedlings of Streams). 67 Starting June 2007, every Saturday, Sunday or holiday when we had free time we walked together from our homes to the school and proceeded to the Phanom Bencha National Park where we began to study the importance of the source of streams and the forest. With advice from a project assistant, we 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088

 ’Ë·¬°‰ø‡¢¬’ « GREEN INTERSECTION ≈°÷ Ê ‡√◊ÕË ß ¢Õß°“√ ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « √—≠®«π ∑««’ ≤— π ¿“æ π≥≥å º“πμ‘ «ß»å Tourism Insight Ranjuan Thaweewat Photos Nonn Phanitwong 68 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

™’«‘μ§π™Õ∫‡∑Ë’¬«·≈–¡’Õ“™’懪ìππ—°‡¢’¬π “√§¥’ (Àπ“â μ√ߢ“â ¡) π”È «“â ‡ªπì ·À≈àßπÈ” ”§—≠ ‡ªìπ∑ßÈ— ·À≈ßà Õ“À“√ °“√‡°…μ√ ·À≈ßà ∑”„À¥â ©‘ π— ¡‚’ Õ°“ ‰¥‡â ¥π‘ ∑“ß∫Õà ¬ ®πÀ≈“¬§π·Õ∫ ∫Õ°«à“ çπà“Õ‘®©“é ·μà°Á¬—ß¡’‡√Ë◊Õß√“«Õ’°¡“°¡“¬∑Ë’ ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ∑’ÀË ≈Õ¡√«¡‡ªìπ«∂‘ ™’ «’ μ‘ ·≈–«≤— π∏√√¡¢Õߺ§âŸ π‡ªπì ®”π«π¡“° Õ¬“°®–‡√’¬π√⟉¡à¡’«—π®∫ È‘π ·¡â·μà‡√Ë◊Õß√“«∑’˺à“π æ∫¡“π“π «π— Àπß÷Ë °ÕÁ “®®–‡æß‘Ë √«âŸ “à ‡√“πË’‰¡√à ÕŸâ –‰√‡≈¬ (Facing page) Nam Wa, an important source of water as well ‡√Ë◊Õ߇≈à“‡√◊ËÕß·√°‡°‘¥¢È÷π∫π¥Õ¬ Ÿß∑Ë’μ”∫≈∫àÕ‡°≈◊Õ‡Àπ◊Õ as source of food and agriculture, has given rise to ways of Õ”‡¿Õ∫àÕ‡°≈◊Õ ®—ßÀ«—¥πà“π ‡°◊Õ∫ ‘∫ªï∑Ë’·≈â«„π·¡àπÈ”«â“Õ—π‡¬Áπ„  life and cultures for the region. ∑ÿ°«—π®–¡’™“«∫â“π∂◊Õ «‘ß∂◊Õ°√–™ÕπÕÕ°¬Ë”‡¥‘πÀ“ª≈“‰ªμ“¡  “¬π”È  ÿ¥¬Õ¥¢ÕßÕ√àÕ¬®“°·¡àπ”È  “¬π’È §◊Õ çª≈“¡—πé ´Ëß÷ ®–«à“¬ (´â“¬) ª≈“¡π— › ª≈“‡©æ“–∂Ëπ‘ „ππÈ”«“â ∑·’Ë  πÕ√Õà ¬ ·μà„°≈â Ÿ≠æπâ ∏å ∑«ππÈ”¢È÷π¡“«“߉¢à¬—ßμâππÈ”πà“π„π™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡¢Õß∑ÿ°ªï ™“« ∫â“π®–√«¡°≈ÿà¡°—πÀ√◊Õ©“¬‡¥Ë’¬«ÕÕ°À“ª≈“¡—π°—π§÷°§—° ª≈“®–¡’ (Left) Pla Mun (Garra parvifilum Fowler), an endemic species ‰¢à‡μÁ¡∑âÕß ‡«≈“π”¡“¬à“߉øπÈ”¡—π®“°ª≈“®–À¬¥≈ß∫π∂à“π àß in Nam Wa that tastes so good but is near extinction. ‡ ¬’ ß©ÊË’ ÀÕ¡‡ªπì ∑ ’Ë ¥ÿ Being a traveler and a documentary §«“¡‚Õ™–¢Õߪ≈“¡—π∑”„Àâ¡’„∫ —Ëß àßμ√ß¡“®“°μ—«‡¡◊Õß·∫∫ writer gives me opportunities to go ‰¡àÕπÈ— ª≈“¡—π 1 °‘‚≈ (À≈“¬ ‘∫μ«— Õ¬)àŸ ®–¢“¬‰¥â„π√“§“ 80 ∫“∑ places. Many people would find it μÕππÈ—πª≈“¡—ππ—∫√âÕ¬°‘‚≈§◊Õ ‘π§â“™—ÈπÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ëæàէⓧπ°≈“ß¡“√—∫ enviable. Still, I have found, there ´◊ÈÕ∂÷ß∑’Ëπ”∑¬Õ¬≈ß àŸ‡¡◊Õß ¥‘©—π°Á‡ªìπ§πÀπË÷ß∑Ë’μ‘¥Õ°μ‘¥„®√ ™“μ‘ are endless things to learn. What you ¢Õߪ≈“μ—«‚μ°«à“πÈ‘«¡◊Õ𑥇¥’¬«™π‘¥πÈ’‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ...∑ÿ°«—ππ’Ȭ—ß thought you already knew, you might one day ·Õ∫Õ¬“°°‘πÕ¬àŸ‰¡«à “¬ find you had known nothing. ®π‡¡◊ÕË 2 ª∑ï ’·Ë ≈â« ‰¥â¬‘π¢à“«®“°·¡§à “â „πμ≈“¥ ¥¢Õß®—ßÀ«—¥ The first story I wish to relate happened π“à π«“à ª≈“¡—πÀ“¬“°„°≈ â ≠Ÿ æπ— ∏åÿ ‡æ√“–∂°Ÿ ®∫— Õ¬“à ß¡“°„π™«à ߃¥Ÿ almost 10 years ago on a highland in Tambon «“߉¢à ¥‘©—π®÷߇√Ë‘¡§âπ§«â“®πæ∫«à“ çª≈“¡—πé ‡ªìπª≈“„π °ÿ≈ Bo Klua Nua of Bo Klua district in the northern Garra fi çª≈“‡≈’¬À‘πé ¡’™Ë◊Õ∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å Garra province of Nan. In the cool water of Wa River parvifilum Fowler ‡¡◊ËÕ°àÕπæ∫‰¥â∑Ë—«‰ª∫π¿Ÿ‡¢“ Ÿß„π≈”À⫬ then, villagers would fish with their nets. The  “¢“¢Õß·¡àπÈ”πà“π ‚¥¬√–¬–À≈—ß¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ß«‘™“°“√∑Ë’®—¥ª≈“¡—π most delicious fish is Pla Man, which normally Õ¬Ÿà„π ¿“«–‡ ¬’Ë ßμÕà °“√ Ÿ≠æπ— ∏åÿ®√‘ߥߗ ¢“à «¥â«¬ swim against the stream to spawn during March every year. Villagers, in groups or individuals, ®“°πÈ—π¡“¥‘©—π°Á‰¥â√⟮—°°—∫ çª≈“¡—πé · πÕ√àÕ¬„π¡ÿ¡Õ◊Ëπ would hunt for the fish which would be pregnant ‡™àπ ª≈“¡—π‡ªìπ —μ«å‡©æ“–∂Ë‘π (§◊ÕÀ“∑’ËÕË◊π‰¡à‰¥â) ‡ªìπμ—«∫àß™’È with eggs. When grilled, the fish oil would drop §ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”‡æ√“–Õ¬àŸÕ“»—¬‰¥â‡©æ“–„ππÈ” –Õ“¥·≈–¡’ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„π on the fire making sizzling sound and smelling πÈ” Ÿß‡∑à“π—Èπ ª≈“¡—π∑’Ë«‘Ëß∑«ππÈ”¢È÷π¡“ÕÕ°‰¢à ‰¢à®–øí°‡ªìπμ—« heavenly. ¿“¬„π 18 - 19 ™—Ë«‚¡ß √«¡∂÷߉¥â¢à“«°“√Õπÿ√—°…å¢Õß™ÿ¡™π√‘¡ πÈ”«â“ (·≈–™ÿ¡™πÕ◊ËπÊ Õ’°¡“°¡“¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥) ∑Ë’ÕÕ°°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫ Its delicious taste attracted buy orders from ™ÿ¡™πª√–°“»æÈ◊π∑Ë’Àâ“¡®—∫ª≈“‡ªìπ™à«ßÊ ·≈–Àâ“¡®—∫ª≈“¡—π„π people living in cities. A kilogram of the fish (con- ™à«ß‡¥Õ◊ π¡’π“§¡¢Õß∑°ÿ ªï‡°◊Õ∫μ≈Õ¥≈”π”È taining several of them, actually) cost a mere 80 baht. The fish, which was considered then as a 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 first-class product, had drawn city middlemen to come right to the place and take away the fish by hundreds of kilograms. I was one of those who got hooked by the taste of the fish that is just a tad larger than my little finger.... Even today I still longs to have it in my mouth. A couple years ago, I heard from a fresh market vendor in Nan that the fish had become nearly extinct because of unrelenting catch dur- ing its spawning season. My subsequent research informed me that the fish is in the genus Garra with a scientific name Garra parvifilum Fowler. It can be generally found in the tributaries of Nan River on the highland. Recently, research data have put it in the endangered species list. Later I learned more about the tasty Pla Man. This freshwater animal is endemic to the area. Importantly it is an indicator of the water quality as it can only survive in clean water with a high level of dissolved oxygen. Its eggs hatch within 18-19 hours. I also learned about conservation efforts of communities along the Wa river as well as other communities in the province. They have issued a community rule prohibiting the catch of Pla Man in parts of the river and in March of every year. 69

 ‘Ëß ”§—≠Õ’°¢âÕ∑’Ëμ√–Àπ—°∂÷ߧ◊Õ ¥‘©—π„π∞“π–π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«°Á  ∂“π°“√≥å¢Õßæ◊™·≈– —μ«å‡À≈à“πÈ—π«à“Õ¬àŸ„π ∂“π–‰Àπ À“¬“° ‡ªìπ§πÀπË÷ß∑’ˇ§¬‡ “–À“ª≈“¡—π°‘π·∫∫°«“¥´È◊Õ‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â§‘¥∂÷ß „°≈ â ≠Ÿ æ—π∏åÿ®“°‡ÀμÿÕπ— „¥ À√Õ◊  “¡“√∂‡æ“–¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿ剥â·≈«â ∫“ß Õ¬“à ßÕ◊πË ¡“°àÕπ °≈àÿ¡∂÷ß°—∫°≈“¬‡ªìπºâŸ§âπæ∫ —μ«åæ—π∏ÿå„À¡à¢Õß‚≈°Õ¬Ÿà‡π◊ÕßÊ ´Ë÷ß ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡À≈à“π’È≈â«π‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå°—∫π—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«ÕË◊πÊ ∑’ˇ√Ë‘¡À—π¡“ °“√°‘πª≈“¡—π À√◊Õπ‘ —¬∑’Ë¡“æ√âÕ¡°—∫°“√‡∑Ë’¬«ÕË◊πÊ ‡™àπ  π„®°“√‡∑’¬Ë «„π≈—°…≥–πÈ’ ∑—ßÈ ¬ß— ‡ªπì ·√ßß“π ”§≠— „π∑“ß«‘™“°“√ °“√´◊ÈÕ-‡°Á∫°≈⫬‰¡âÀ√◊Õ‰¡âªÉ“ °“√´◊ÈÕº≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’Ë∑”®“°‡ª≈◊Õ° ÀÕ¬· π «¬ °Á≈â«π‡ªìπ°√≥’∑’Ë∑”„À⥑©—πÕ¬“°‡√’¬π√⟇√◊ËÕß√“« ∂÷ß·¡â«à“°≈ÿࡧ«“¡ π„®·∫∫πÈ’®–¡’Õ¬Ÿà§àÕπ¢â“ß®”°—¥ ·μà à«π μà“ßÊ ∑’Ëæ∫‡®Õ¡“°°«à“°“√‡ªìπ çπ—°™ÁÕªé À√◊Õ çπ—°‡∑’ˬ«é ºŸâ μ—«¥‘©—π∑’ˇªìπªí®‡®° ·§à§‘¥«à“¡—π πÿ°·≈–πà“¿Ÿ¡‘„®∑’ˇ√“ “¡“√∂ ™Õ∫™¡·≈–¥Ë◊¡¥Ë”°—∫∏√√¡™“μ‘·∫∫‚√·¡πμ‘°‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ‡°‘¥ ∫Õ°‡æ◊ËÕπΩŸß≠“μ‘¡‘μ√‰¥â«à“æ◊™À√◊Õ —μ«å∑’ˇÀÁπ™◊ËÕÕ–‰√ ™’«‘짫“¡ §«“¡„ à„®°—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ∏√√¡™“μ‘∑’Ëμ—«‡ÕßÕ“®‡ªìπºâŸ°àÕ¢÷Èπ ·≈– ‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß¡—π‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ·∫∫ “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπ§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß∑ÿ°™’«‘μ ¬—ß∑”„Àâ¡’¡ÿ¡¡Õ߇√Ë◊Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«©—π¡‘μ√∑’˧√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∂÷ß«‘∂’™’«‘μ ∑’ˇ°¬Ë’ «‚¬ß·π∫·ππà μÕà °—π‰¥.â ..·§àπ°È’ ‡Á æ’¬ßæÕ·≈â« ¢Õߺ⟧π∑Ë’º ¡°≈¡°≈◊πÕ¬àŸ°—∫ ∂“π∑Ë’ ‡æ√“–‰¡à¡’¿Ÿ-ªÉ“-πÈ”-∑–‡≈ „¥∑Ë’‰√§â πæ÷Ëßæß‘ Õ“»¬— Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë°≈à“«‰ª„π¢â“ßμâπ«à“°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑“߇≈◊Õ°‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫ §«“¡ π„®¢Õߧπ‡©æ“–°≈àÿ¡ ·μà§π°≈ÿà¡„À≠à§◊Õπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ®π„πÀâ«ß∑Ë’°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑“߇≈◊Õ°‡√‘Ë¡‡ªìπ°√–·  §”™—°™«π ∑—Ë«‰ª §π∑âÕß∂πË‘ À√Õ◊ §π∑Ë’¥”√ß™«’ μ‘ Õ¬àŸ„πæÈ◊π∑Ëπ’ —πÈ Ê ¡’§«“¡‡ªπì ‰ª ∑’Ë„Àâπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‰ª‡¬Ë’¬¡™¡μ≈“¥‡™â“¢Õß ∂“π∑’Ë∑’ˉª‡¬◊Õπ‚¥π„® ‰¥â¡“°«à“π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·≈–§π°≈àÿ¡π’È à«π„À≠àÕ“®¡Õߢⓡ§ÿ≥§à“ ¥‘©—π¡“° ‡æ√“–„π∫√√¬“°“»¢Õßμ≈“¥ ¥¬“¡‡™â“ ‡√“®–‰¥â‡ÀÁπ ®“°‡√’¬π√⟫à“∑”‰¡πÈ”®÷ß„ ªÉ“®÷ß «¬ À√◊Õ Ë‘ß≈–Õ—πæ—π≈–πâÕ¬¢Õß  ‘π∑√—æ¬å®“°∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“μ‘„πæÈ◊π∑Ë’πÈ—πÊ √«¡∂÷ß°“√°‘πÕ¬àŸ ™’«‘μÕË◊πÊ ‡æ√“–¡Õ߉¡à‡ÀÁπ À√◊Õ‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπª√–®”®π™‘π쓇 ’¬·≈â« ª√–‡æ≥’ «—≤π∏√√¡ À√◊Õ§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà¢Õߧπ„π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π∑’ˇÀÁπ‰¥â  ∂“π∑Ë’∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«®÷߇ªìπ‡æ’¬ß°“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π∫√√¬“°“» ‡ª≈Ë’¬π∑Ë’°‘π ®“° ‘π§â“„πμ≈“¥ ‰¥‡â √¬’ π√â√Ÿ –∫∫𑇫»Õ—πÀ≈“°À≈“¬„π∫“â π‡√“‰¥â ∑’ËπÕπ‡æË◊Õæ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„®„π∞“π–¢Õß çºâŸ‡ æé À√◊Õ çºŸâ´È◊Õé Õ¬à“ߥ’°Á„πμ≈“¥ ¬Ë‘ß∂Ⓣ¥â查§ÿ¬∂“¡‰∂àºâŸ§π∑’ˇ√“æ∫‡®Õ °Á¬‘Ë߉¥â ∫√°‘ “√®“°°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «‡æ¬’ ßÕ¬à“߇¥¬’ «‡∑à“π—πÈ ‡√’¬π√âŸ∂÷ß™’«‘μ §«“¡§‘¥ §«“¡√⟠÷° ´Ë÷ßÕ“®∑”„ÀâÕ¥∑÷Ëß„π¿Ÿ¡ª‘ í≠≠“ ®πμâÕß· ¥ß§«“¡‡§“√ææ«°‡¢“¥«â ¬´”È º≈æ«ß®“°æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·∫∫‡ æÀ√◊Õ´È◊Õ °Á∑”„Àâ °“√√≥√ߧå‡√Ë◊Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«°≈“¬‡ªìπ°“√μ≈“¥·≈–°“√‚¶…≥“ „π¬ÿ§∑Ë’ºŸâ§π‚À¬À“∏√√¡™“μ‘ ∂Ⓡ√“ÕÕ°‰ª∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«¥â«¬ ‚¥¬¢“¥‡√Ë◊Õß≈÷°Ê ¢Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑’ˇªì𧫓¡ πÿ°„π¥â“π°“√ §«“¡ πÿ° Õ¬à“ß™à“ß —߇°μ Õ¬“°®–‡√’¬π√⟠∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„® ‰¡à ‡√’¬π√Ÿâ °“√»÷°…“ À√◊Õ°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®‘μ ”π÷°∑Ë’·∑â®√‘ߢÕß°“√‡ªìππ—° ∑”≈“¬‰¥âÕ¬à“ß·∑®â √‘ß ·≈– ”π÷°‡ ¡Õ«à“°“√‰ª‡∑ˬ’ «¢Õ߇√“¡‘‰¥πâ ” ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «∑Ë¥’ ’°¬Á ß— ¡’πÕâ ¬‰ª §«“¡‡ Ë◊Õ¡À√◊Õº≈°√–∑∫‰ª Ÿà∑Ë’∑’ˇ√“‡¬◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡´—∫´âÕπ∑—Èß∑“ß ∏√√¡™“μ‘  —ߧ¡ ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡¢Õß∑ÿ°™’«‘μ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«‡™Ë◊Õ¡ °Á‰¡à¡’ ¥‘©—π¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥âøíß°“√ —¡¿“…≥å§ÿ≥æ®π“  «π»√’ ¡’§”查 §«“¡®”‡ªìπμâÕß𔧔«à“ Ecotourism À√Õ◊ °“√∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™ß‘ 𑇫» ª√–‚¬§ÀπË÷ß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ∫“ߠˑ߇æË‘¡¢÷Èπ«à“ 牡ࡒ§”«à“‡¢â¡ À√◊Õ °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ßÕπÿ√—°…å ¡“„™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ√≥√ߧå„Àâπ—° ·¢Áßμ≈Õ¥‰ªÀ√Õ◊ ¬—Ë߬◊π‰¥âμ≈Õ¥°“≈é °“√∑”ß“π∑°ÿ Õ¬à“ß¡’∑Èß— ™«à ß∑Ë’ ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«¡’„®·≈–°“√°√–∑”Õ—π‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫∑ÿ°Ê Õߧåª√–°Õ∫„π  ”‡√®Á ‡∫“∫“ß À√◊Õ™à«ß∑μË’ âÕß°≈∫— ‰ª≈¡â ≈°ÿ §≈°ÿ §≈“π ¥ß— ππÈ— «‘∏§’ ¥‘  ∂“π∑’∑Ë Ë‡’ √“‰ª∂ß÷ ·≈–°“√ªØ‘∫—쑇√◊ËÕß°√–∫«π°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑Ë’¥’®”‡ªìπμâÕß √â“ߢ÷Èπ Õ¬à“ßμÕà ‡πË◊Õß ‰¡«à “à °∫— π°— ∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «À√Õ◊ º¥âŸ Ÿ·≈ ∂“π∑∑’Ë Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «‡Õß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°™Õ∫‡∑Ë’¬«„π∑Ë’‡¬ÁπÊ πÈ”μ°®÷߇ªìπ ∂“π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¢¬“¬º≈„À≥âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß ·≈–ª√—∫‡ª≈Ë’¬π°√–∫«π°“√„Àâ  ∂“π∑Ë’Àπ÷Ëß ‡¡Ë◊Õ‰¥â‡¥‘ππÈ”μ°∫àÕ¬Ê §«“¡ π„®„π‡√Ë◊ÕßÕ◊ËπÊ  Õ¥§≈Õâ ß°—∫§«“¡‡ªπì ‰ª¢Õ߬§ÿ  ¡—¬μ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ πÕ°®“°°“√‡≈àππÈ”À√◊Õ°“√ªïπªÉ“¬‰ª„Àâ∂÷߬ե°Áμ“¡¡“ ¥‘©—π‡√‘Ë¡ Õ¬“°√ŸâÕ¬“°‡ÀÁπ«à“ —μ«å‡≈Á°·¡≈ßπâÕ¬ √«¡∂÷ßæ◊™æ√√≥¡“°¡“¬∑Ë’ ‡√◊ËÕß ÿ¥∑⓬‡ªì𧫓¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ à«πμ—«®√‘ßÊ ¥‘©—𧑥«à“ ∂“π∑’Ë æ∫‡®Õ¡’™ËÕ◊ ‡ ’¬ß‡√¬’ ßπ“¡«“à Õ–‰√ ™«’ μ‘ ¢Õß¡π— ‡ªìπÕ¬“à ߉√ ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑’ˇªìπ∏√√¡™“μ‘∑’Ë ÿ¥ À¡“¬∂÷߉√â°“√ª√ÿß·μàߢÕß√ π‘¬¡ §◊Õ∑Ë’∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«Õ—ππà“ª√“√∂π“ ‡æ√“–À≈“¬§√—Èß∑’ˉ¥â‡ÀÁπ√ π‘¬¡ μÕππÈ—π¥‘©—π‡√Ë‘¡À“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ¬à“߇æ≈‘¥‡æ≈‘π ‡∑’¬∫√Ÿªπ—∫√âÕ¬∑’Ë ¡“°¡“¬¢Õߺ⟥Ÿ·≈∑Ë’ª√–¥—∫ª√–¥“·μàß·μâ¡Õ¬Ÿà„π∏√√¡™“μ‘ ‡ÀÁπ ∂à“¬¡“°—∫Àπ—ß ◊ÕÀ√◊Õ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π‡«ª‰´μåμà“ßÊ ·≈â«¥‘©—π°Á‰¥â√⟮—°°—∫ ·≈â«°ÕÁ ¥ >_< ‰¡à‰¥â ™’«‘μ‡æ¡‘Ë ¢È÷πÕ°’ À≈“¬™π‘¥ √Ÿâ«“à «—Ø®°— √¢Õß™’«‘μÀπ÷ßË ‡°Ë¬’ «¢Õâ ß°∫—  ßË‘ ¡’ ™’«‘μ™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ √«¡∂÷ß«‘∂’™’«‘μ§πÀ√◊Õ™ÿ¡™πμ√߉Àπ·≈–Õ¬à“߉√ ‡√◊ËÕ߇≈Á°Ê ∑Ë’Õ¬“°¬°μ—«Õ¬à“ß ‡™àπ °“√∂“ߪɓ√°Ê ‡ªìπ «π §«“¡√â Ÿ °÷ πÕ’È “®§≈“â ¬Ê °—∫°≈à¡ÿ π°— ∑àÕ߇∑¬’Ë «∑’Ë™Õ∫¥πŸ ° ¥Ÿº’‡ ◊ÕÈ ¥Ÿ ≠Ë’ªÿÉπ  π“¡À≠Ⓡ¢’¬«ß“¡ ∫“â πæ—°∑√߬‚ÿ √ª ¡§’ “√“‚Õ‡°–‰«∫â √°‘ “√ æπ— ∏åÿ‰¡â ‡™πà °≈⫬‰¡â ‡øπî ¥Õ°À≠“â À√Õ◊ °≈¡àÿ Õ◊πË Ê ∑’Ë™Õ∫¥Ÿ μ— «å À√◊ժѓ¬∫Õ° ∂“π∑Ë’∑’Ë √â“ß®“°ªŸπ Ÿß„À≠à√“«Õπÿ “«√’¬å ∑“߇¥‘π ‡≈◊ÕÈ ¬§≈“𠠗쫧å √ß÷Ë ∫°§√ßË÷ π”È œ≈œ »÷°…“∏√√¡™“μ‘≈“¥ªŸπ¢π“¥√∂ Õߧ—π«‘ËßπË‘¡Ê  «π°—π‰¥â ∫“¬Ê ¥©‘ —π‰¡àÕ¬“°„Àâ ∂“π∑’∑Ë àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «°≈“¬‡ªπì ·∫∫π’ȉª‡ ’¬À¡¥ ·¡âæƒμ‘°√√¡‡∑’ˬ«‡™‘ß≈÷°·∫∫π’ÈÕ“®®–¡’Õ¬Ÿà‰¡à¡“°π—° ·μà°Á ‡ªìπ°”≈—ß ”§—≠„π°“√ √â“ßÕߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ„À¡àÊ „À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ„π·«¥«ß ¢Õ·∫∫‡¥‘¡Ê ‡À≈◊Õ °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ‡æ√“–π—°‡∑’ˬ«°≈ÿà¡π’È®–√Ÿâ≈÷°´÷Èß ·≈–√“¬ß“π∂÷ß ‰ «â „ Àâ π— ° ∑Ë’ Õ ß ‡ ∑’Ë ¬ « · ∫ ∫ ¥‘©—π∫â“ß°Á®—°¢Õ∫æ√–§ÿ≥ Õ¬“à ߠߟ ...¥«â ¬¡μ‘ √¿“æ... 70 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

I have since come to realize that I was just like observing and reporting the state of the fauna and any other tourists who go look for the exotic fish to flora, whether certain species are facing threats or consume without thinking of the consequences for could be propagated to help them survive. Indeed, the animal. some of these tourists have helped identify new species. This type of information would be useful My taste for Pla Man as well as other habits that for the general tourists but more so for the aca- came with my traveling, such as buying or collect- demic world. ing wild orchid, wild plants or products made of sea shells, somehow make me eager to learn more about Admittedly, this group of tourists would be a all that I have encountered than just being a shop- small minority. As an individual, however, I find per or traveler who loves nature for its “romantic this kind of tourism much more fun and fulfill- ambience”. I have become concerned about impacts ing. I was always proud when I could describe to to the environment that I have caused. Moreover, I friends and families the details of plants or animals have since developed a tourism-friendly attitude we happened to encounter. It gives me satisfaction that extends to people and their way of life because to be able to show them how each and every life is there is no mountain, forest, river or sea without intricately intertwined. communities. As I said, alternative tourism is a matter of When alternative tourism became a trend, interest to only a limited number of individuals or its promotion of local market tours left me with a groups. The majority of tourists – and local people good impression because there we could see local as well – tend to overlook the value of learning resources from nature on display as well as the local about the little things in nature and why water is custom, culture and way of life. We get to learn clear and forests are beautiful. That’s probably about biodiversity available in our own backyard, because those things have been much familiar to so to speak. The more we learn about the locals’ life, them. Natural attractions thus are considered just their thoughts and feelings, the more amazed we places for a change of scenery and atmosphere and are and respect we have about their wisdom. places to eat and relax In an era when people yearn to be close to This type of “consumerist tourism” has ren- nature, if we go on a trip packed with fun, curiosity, dered the ecotourism campaign a mere marketing eagerness to learn and understand, and realization ploy that is devoid of the fun of learning and the of our impact on nature, society and culture of the need to be environmentally and socially aware. place and people we visit, then there would be no need for the word “ecotourism” as a tool to pro- I happened to have a chance to listen in on an mote tourists’ awareness. interview with Pojana Suansri, a community-based tourism pioneer. Some of the things she said struck AS I LIKE TO TRAVEL TO FRESH AND COOL me. “Strength and sustainability is not forever,” she PLACES, waterfalls are one of my favorites. The said. There is a mix of success, mediocrity and hard- more waterfalls I visit, the more I become inter- ship in everything we do. Therefore, the thinking ested in other activities besides jumping into water and doing about tourism development must evolve or climbing to the top of a mountain. Little insects continually. Tourists as well as those responsible for as well as the innumerable species of fauna and managing attractions must evolve along with the flora have drawn my interest to know what they times. are called and what their life cycle is. Lastly, this is my personal point of view. I think I have since formed a habit of doing research that truly natural tourist attractions should be just from books and the internet to find information that – nature without any make-up. There were about the various fauna and flora in the photos that times when the taste exhibited by the keepers of I took. I have become more informed about the var- those attractions in “managing” the places made ious lives in nature, their life cycle and their rela- me feel >_<. Some examples of these include a tionship with other beings including local people well-manicured lawn or a Japanese-style garden in and communities. This feeling may be similar to what should be a wild forest, European-style lodg- people who have keen interest in birds, butterflies, ings, karaoke restaurants, huge signs that are more plants or even reptiles. fitting as monuments, or wide, concrete-paved nature-study trails. While this type of “in-depth traveling” may not be popular, it could be an important force in Leaving some of them as primitive as they are building up new knowledge in tourism. Tourists of for tourists like me would be much appreciated…. this type will be knowledgeable and could help in With friendship. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 71

‡√◊ËÕß®“°ºÕ⟠à“π FROM THE READERS ™“¬∑–‡≈„π‡¢μ‡¡◊Õ߇°à“‚§™π‘ ∑’‡Ë μÁ¡‰ª¥«â ¬π°— ∑Õà ߇∑’ˬ«™“«Õ‘π‡¥’¬...·≈–¢¬– Seashore of the old city Kochin, full of Indian tourists.......and garbage. §«“¡∑√ß®” Memorable ®“°Õπ‘ ‡¥¬’ India ‡√◊ËÕß·≈–¿“æ ‡ªÑ ’ø“Ñ Story/Photos Pae Sifah ®“°°“√‡¥‘π∑“߉ªÕ‘π‡¥’¬À≈“¬§√—Èߥ⫬§«“¡μ‘¥„®„π ‘Ëß∑’Ë Astounded by its uniqueness, I À“∑’ËÕË◊π‰¡à‰¥â„π‚≈°„∫π’È ©—π‰¡à‡§¬À«—ß«à“„πª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’ visited India several times but æ≈‡¡◊Õß¡“°‡ªìπ∑Ë’ Õß„π‚≈° (1.13 æ—π≈â“π§π ≥ never expected any environmen- ¡’π“§¡ 2551) ¡Õ߉ª∑“߉Àπ¡’·μàºâŸ§π·≈–°Õߢ¬– tal impression from the country ®–‰¥âæ∫‡√◊ËÕßπà“ª√–∑—∫„®¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡®πÕ¬“°‡Õ“°≈—∫¡“∑”„π densely packed with the second largest popula- ‡¡◊Õ߉∑¬Õ—π· π ß∫¢Õ߇√“...·μ°à Á‰¥âæ∫ tion in the world (1.13 billion as of March 2008) and plenty of garbage everywhere. Finally, how- ∑Ë’‡¡◊Õß‚§™‘π Õ—π‡ªìπ‡¡◊Õß∏ÿ√°‘®„À≠à¢Õß√—∞‡§√“≈“ √—∞∑“ß„μâ ever, I did.  ¥ÿ ¢ÕßÕπ‘ ‡¥’¬ ‡¡◊Õßπ‡È’ ªπì »Ÿπ¬°å ≈“ß°“√§¡π“§¡·≈–°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ¢ÕßÕ‘π‡¥’¬„μâ ‡¡Ë◊Õ‰ª∂÷ß„§√Ê °ÁμâÕß·«–‰ª‡¬’ˬ¡™¡‡¡◊Õ߇°à“∑Ë’„π Cochin, a major business center in the state of Õ¥’쇧¬‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß°“√§â“‡§√Ë◊Õ߇∑» Õ¬Ÿà∫π‡°“–∑Ë’π˗߇√◊Õ‰ª Kerala at the southernmost tip of India, is popular ‡æ’¬ß‰¡à°’Ëπ“∑’...¡’π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‰ªæ—°‡¢μ‡¡◊Õ߇°à“¡“°®π‡° μ凌ⓠå among tourists as a center of transportation and ºÿ¥‡ªìπ¥Õ°‡À¥Á ·≈–¡’ª≠í À“π”È ¢“¥·§≈π tourism, encompassing an ancient town situated on an island just a few minutes away by boat.  ‘Ëß∑Ë’©—πª√–∑—∫„®‰¡à„™àæ√–√“™«—ß¡—∑·∑π‡™Õ√Ë’∑Ë’ √â“ßμ—Èß·μà This old town once was a center of spices trade.  ¡—¬æ«°‚ª√μÿ‡° §√Õ߇¡◊Õß  ÿ “π¥—™ À√◊Õ‚∫ ∂凴πμåø√“π´‘  At present, its popularity was witnessed by the ‚∫ ∂∑å ˇ’ °“à ·°∑à ’Ë ÿ¥„πÕ‘π‡¥¬’ ∑’ˇ§¬‡ªπì ∑Ω’Ë ßí »æ¢Õß«“ ‚° ¥“ °“¡“ large number of guesthouses, resulting in a short- π—° ”√«®‡≈Ë◊Õß™◊ËÕ™“«‚ª√μÿ‡° ∑’Ëπ”°Õ߇√◊Õ®“°¬ÿ‚√ª‰ªÕ‘π‡¥’¬‡ªìπ age of water. §π·√° °Õà π∑Ë®’ –∂Ÿ°¬“â ¬‰ªΩíß„π‚ª√μÿ‡° „π‡«≈“μàÕ¡“ What impressed me most was not Mattanchery „π√â“π°“·ø‡≈Á°Ê „π´Õ°∑“߇¥‘π≈—¥‡≈“–®“°·π«™“¬À“¥∑Ë’ Palace built during the Portuguese invasion, the μâÕ߇¥‘πºà“π «π “∏“√≥–∑Ë’‡μÁ¡‰ª¥â«¬À≠â“·≈–°Õ߇º“¢¬–‡À¡Áπ Dutch Cemetery, or St. Francis Church, the oldest church in India where the remains of Vasco Da 72 Gama, a Portuguese explorer who commanded æ情ƒ¿…“¿§“¡§¡- - ‘ß À‘ß“À§“¡§¡2525151 MMaayy -- AAuugguusstt 22000088

ª“Ñ ¬ª√–°“»‡¢μª≈Õ¥æ≈“ μ‘°∑Ë’‡°à“§√Ë”„π∞“π–ºâŸ∫°ÿ ‡∫‘° Old sign of the plastic-free zone by the pioneer. §≈ßâÿ ¥“â πÀπ“â √“â π¡·’ °≈‡≈Õ√‚’Ë ª√ßà ‚≈ßà ¥“â π„πμ°·μßà ¥«â ¬∫√√¬“°“» the first ships to sail directly from ∏√√¡™“μ‘ (∑Ë’‰¡àμ°·μàß) ¡Õ߇ÀÁπμâπ‰¡â„À≠àμ–‰§√à‡¢’¬«§√÷È¡ ¢“¬ Europe to India, was buried before °“·ø·≈–Õ“À“√ß“à ¬Ê æÕ„À¥â Ë◊¡°π‘ æ°— ‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬ being transferred later to Portugal. But, it was a little cafe with an airy gallery °ÁÕ’°π—Ëπ·À≈– ©—π‰¡à‰¥âª√–∑—∫„®¿“æ«“¥ «¬‡°ã °“·øÀ√◊Õ at the front embracing unadorned nat- Õ“À“√Õ√àÕ¬ ·μà ‘Ëß∑Ë’μ‘¥„®©—π¡“®π∂÷ß∑ÿ°«—ππ’ȇªìπ‡æ’¬ß Ë‘߇≈Á°Ê ∑’Ë ural surrounding, where I found after √â“πÕ“À“√ à«π„À≠à‰¡à‡§¬π÷°∂÷ß π—Ëπ§◊ժѓ¬ª√–°“» ç∑’Ëπ’Ë®”Àπà“¬ walking across a park full of grass and ‡©æ“–πÈ”°√Õß®“°¢«¥·°â« (‡°à“) ∑’Ë¶à“‡™È◊ե⫬§«“¡√âÕπ·≈â« a huge pile of burning rubbish along ª≈Õ¥¿—¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ‡æÕË◊ Õπÿ√—°…‡å ¡◊Õß‚§™π‘ é beachside pathways. Again, I was not impressed by the stylish ∑’ˉ¡´Õ√凡◊ÕßÀ≈—°∑“ß¿“§„μâ¢ÕßÕ‘π‡¥’¬Õ’°‡¡◊ÕßÀπË÷ß∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß paintings, decent coffee or delicious food in the ¥â“𧫓¡ «¬ß“¡¢Õßæ√–√“™«—߉¡´Õ√å∑’Ë¿“¬„π ÿ¥· πÕ≈—ß°“√ cafe, but a small thing that most people might ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕßμ°·μàß≈È”§à“ ¬“¡§Ë”§◊π∫“ߧ◊π®–‡ªî¥‰ø «à“߉ «√“«°—∫ overlook, that is, a sign announcing “Here we ‡ªìπ§◊πæ√–®—π∑√å‡μÁ¡¥«ß ∑’Ëπ’ˬ—߇ªìπ·À≈àߺⓉÀ¡ ·≈–À—«πÈ”ÀÕ¡ sell only filtered water from a (used) glass bottle ®“°‰¡®â —π∑πå (sandal wood) √“§“·æß≈«Ë‘ made germ-free by heat and safe to your health to help conserve Cochin.” °“√æ∫‡ÀÁπ·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‰Œ‰≈μ凙àππÈ’°Áπà“μË◊πμ“μË◊π„®Õ¬Ÿà À√Õ° ·μà®π∂÷ß∫—¥πÈ’°®Á ”√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‰¡à‰¥â·≈⫇æ√“–‰¡à‰¥â ç°‘π„®é AS FAR AS MYSORE IS CONCERNED, this city ‡∑à“°—∫ Ë‘߇≈Á°Ê ∑Ë’§π à«π„À≠à¡Õ߉¡à‡ÀÁπ∫π«—¥»√’®—¡¡ÿπ¥’ «—¥∫π is popular for its celebrated palace ornately deco- ¿Ÿ‡¢“ ŸßÀà“ß®“°μ—«‡¡◊Õ߉¡à°’Ë°‘‚≈‡¡μ√´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑Ë’π—∫∂◊Õ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫∑Ë’ rated with luxurious accessories. Some nights, the §π‡™’¬ß„À¡àπ—∫∂◊Õæ√–∏“μÿ¥Õ¬ ÿ‡∑æ«à“‡ªìπ Ë‘ß»—°¥Ï‘ ‘∑∏‘ϧŸà∫â“π§Ÿà palace would be brightened by lights, as if there ‡¡◊Õß was a full moon. It is also a trade center for silk and expensive perfume made of sandal woods. §ÿ≥Õ“®‡§¬‰¥â¬‘π«à“‡¡Ë◊Õ Õß “¡ªï∑Ë’·≈⫇¡◊Õß¡ÿ¡‰∫À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√“ §ÿâπ™◊ËÕ°—π«à“∫Õ¡‡∫¬å‡°‘¥πÈ”∑à«¡„À≠à©—∫æ≈—π μàÕ¡“√—∞∫“≈ª√–°“» Popular tourist attractions might seem excit- Àâ“¡®”Àπà“¬®à“¬·®°∂ÿßæ≈“ μ‘°™π‘¥∫“ß∑’ˇªìπμâπ‡ÀμÿπÈ”∑à«¡ ing, but they were not as memorable as some hide- ‡æ√“–‰ªÕÿ¥¢«“ß∑“߇¥π‘ πÈ” ·≈«â ‡¡◊Õß„À≠àÊ „πÕπ‘ ‡¥¬’ °Á‡√¡Ë‘ ¥”‡π‘π aways. Chamundeshwari Temple, for instance, √Õ¬μ“¡ ·μà∑’Ë¥—߉ª∑Ë—«‚≈°‡¡Ë◊Õ™à«ßª≈“¬ªï∑’Ë·≈â«μàÕμâπªïπ’È°Á§◊Õ situated on a high mountain not so far from the √—∞∫“≈®’π‡Õ“Õ¬à“ߥ⫬°“√‡μ√’¬¡ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡„™â∂ÿßæ≈“ μ‘° city, is respected by Indian people as the nation’s ™π¥‘ ∫“߇™àπ°π— holy place similar to Thailand’s Wat Phra That Doi Suthep for the Chiang Mai natives. ‡™Ë◊ÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à«à“∑’Ë«—¥»√’®—¡¡ÿπ¥’‡¢“ª√–°“»„Àâ‡¢μ«—¥‡ªìπ‡¢μ ª≈Õ¥æ≈“ μ‘°°àÕπÀπ“â πÈπ— ¡“À≈“¬ªï You might have heard about a major flash flood in Mumbai, or formerly Bombay, a couple °Õà π∑’Ë°√–· ‚≈°√âÕπ®–¥ß— °√–À¡◊Ë ‡À¡◊Õπ‡™àπ∑°ÿ «π— π’È of years ago. Following that incident, Indian gov- ‰¡àμâÕ߇¢â“ªÉ“ªïπ‡¢“¥”πÈ”‡æË◊Õ„À≥â™Ë◊Õ«à“‡ªìππ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«ºŸâ√—° ernment issued an announcement prohibiting ∏√√¡™“μ‘·≈– Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«„πμ—«‡¡◊Õß„À≠à ∑à“¡°≈“ß the sale or distribution of any thin plastic bags μ÷°√“¡·≈– Ë‘ß°àÕ √â“ß°Á “¡“√∂∑”„À⇪ìπÕ’‚§∑—«√å·∫∫‡¡◊ÕßÊ ‰¥â which were blamed for clogging waterways. ‡À¡Õ◊ π°—π Later, other big Indian cities followed suit. What made this into the world’s headlines is that China 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 will soon adopt a similar rule. Believe it or not, Chamundeshwari Temple has made its compound a plastic-free zone many years before, even before global warming has become a hot issue like it is today. One doesn’t have to go hiking in a forest or climbing a mountain to be a nature-loving, envi- ronmentally-friendly tourist. Traveling in major cities amid buildings and other structures could also be made an ecotourism trip, albeit urban style. 73

°‘®°√√¡°√¡ DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES æ∏‘ ¡’ Õ∫√“ß«≈—  ≠— ≈°— …≥åμ—« G Small and medium-sized producers are presented with the G Label for employing clean and environmen- tally-friendly production process. The website ThaiEcoMarket.com was also launched. ‡«∫Á ‰´μå„À¡·à π–π”  ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√ ‡’ ¢’¬« „π¬ÿ§∑’˧π‰∑¬°”≈—ßμË◊πμ—«°—∫°“√ª√—∫æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√∫√‘‚¿§„Àâ °“√¬Õ¡√—∫®“°∑Ë—«‚≈°°«à“ 20 °≈ÿࡺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å ®“° 31 ∫√‘…—∑ºâŸ ‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°¢÷Èπ °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ º≈μ‘ Õ“∑‘ À≈Õ¥ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´πμå μŸ‡â ¬Áπ  ∑’ “∫“â 𠇧√ÕË◊ ß ¢ÿ ¿—≥±å  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡®÷߉¥â‡ªî¥μ—«‡«Á∫‰´μå www.ThaiEcoMarket.com ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√—∫Õ“°“» °√–¥“…  ∫àŸ √∂¬πμå ‡§√◊ËÕß∂à“¬‡Õ° “√ ¢÷Èπ ‡æË◊Õ‡ªìπ™àÕß∑“ß π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ§π‰∑¬‰¥â¡’·À≈àß√«∫√«¡ ‡ªìπμâπ ThaiEcoMarket ‰¥â√«∫√«¡∏ÿ√°‘®∫√‘°“√∑’ˇªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√∑Ë’‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ À√◊ÕÕ’‚§  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∫√‘°“√‚√ß·√¡·≈–∑Ë’æ—°μ“¡¡“μ√∞“π„∫‰¡â ‚ª√¥—° å (Eco Product) „À⇢Ⓣª‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â À√◊Õ»÷°…“  ’‡¢’¬« À√◊Õ Green Leaf ∑Ë’‰¥â„Àâ°“√√—∫√Õß°—∫∏ÿ√°‘®∫√‘°“√∑’Ë àß ∑”§«“¡√⟮°— °∫—  ‘π§“â ª√–‡¿∑π’È¡“°¢÷πÈ º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡®“°¢—ÈπμÕπ°“√®—¥À“«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫ °“√„™â ∑√æ— ¬“°√·≈–æ≈ß— ß“π„π™«à ß°“√„Àâ∫√°‘ “√ ·≈–°“√®¥— °“√¢Õ߇ ’¬ „π™à«ß‡√‘Ë¡μâπ‰¥â√«∫√«¡ ‘π§â“∑’ˇªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡μ“¡ ∑Ë’‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√πâÕ¬°«à“ ‡¡Ë◊Õ‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√ÕË◊π∑’Ë ¡“μ√∞“π°“√√∫— √ÕߢÕß©≈“°‡¢’¬« À√Õ◊ Green Label ∑’ˉ¥â„À°â “√ ¡’≈—°…≥–Õ¬à“߇¥’¬«°—π ´÷Ëßªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ºŸâ„Àâ∫√‘°“√‚√ß·√¡·≈–∑Ë’æ—°∑’Ë √—∫√Õß ‘π§â“À√◊Õº≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑Ë’ àߺ≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡®“°¢—È𠉥â√—∫°“√√—∫√Õßμ“¡¡“μ√∞“π„∫‰¡â ‡’ ¢¬’ «·≈â«∂÷ß 105 √“¬ μÕπ°“√®—¥À“«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫°“√º≈‘μ °“√¢π àß °“√„™âß“π ·≈–°“√ ®—¥°“√À≈—ßÀ¡¥Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“ππâÕ¬°«à“‡¡Ë◊Õ‡∑’¬∫°—∫ ‘π§â“ÕË◊π∑Ë’¡’ πÕ°®“°®–‡ªìπ°“√π”√–∫∫ “√ π‡∑»¡“æ—≤π“‡æ◊ËÕ à߇ √‘¡ ≈—°…≥–°“√„™âß“πÕ¬“à ߇¥¬’ «°π— ´Ë÷ß®“°¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈ª®í ®ÿ∫π— ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ „Àâª√–™“™π¡’·À≈ßà ‡≈Õ◊ °´◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â ‘π§“â ·≈–∫√‘°“√∑’‡Ë ªπì ¡μ‘ √°—∫ ¡’ ‘π§â“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√√—∫√Õß©≈“°‡¢’¬«´Ë÷߇ªìπμ√“ —≠≈—°…≥å∑Ë’‰¥â√—∫  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈â« www.ThaiEcoMarket.com ¬—ߙ૬º≈—°¥—π„Àâ 74 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

A New ÀπⓇ«∫Á ‰«μå www.ThaiEcoMarket.com Website for Green The intro page of website www.ThaiEcoMarket.com. Products and ThaiEcoMarket.com also helps stimulate manufac- Services turers to pay attention to the environmental impact caused by the production of products and services. As Thai people today pay more attention The website contains information for businesses to to green consumption, the Department learn about an environmentally sound production of Environmental Quality Promotion process and apply it in their own operations. They launches a website – http://www. can also apply for membership and post their envi- ThaiEcoMarket.com – as another channel to inform ronmentally friendly process on the website. consumers about green products and services or the so-called eco-products. Samui and Lanta Participate in Green Leaf Program The website provides a collection of products certified under the Green Label program for their The Department of Environmental Quality environmentally friendly processes from the selec- Promotion has compiled information to promote tion of materials, transportation, applications to the environment in tourist destinations and public their after-use management. Thailand currently participation in Koh Samui of Surat Thani province offers 20 groups of products from 31 manufacturers and Koh Lanta of Krabi province. This project is certified with the world’s recognised Green Label, aimed at encouraging business establishments to be including fluorescent bulbs, refrigerators, paint, interested in environmentally-sound business prac- sanitary ware, air-conditioners, paper, soap, auto- tices or Green Tourism. Businesses and communi- mobiles, and photocopiers. ties will play a role from the start of the project to set standard for “green accommodations” as well ThaiEcoMarket is a source of environmentally as evaluation process to ensure that the standards friendly services, including hotels, resorts and would be the product of joint efforts of all sectors accommodations which meet the stringent stan- in the communities and that everyone would help dards of Green Leaf. Green Leaf is a standard for protect natural resources and the environment. services that cause less environmental impact than similar businesses in the selection of materials, the In 2007, information was compiled and maps usage of resources and energy and efficient waste made of all hotels and resorts on Lanta Island cer- management. At present, 105 hotels and accommo- tified as green establishments. Some 30 hotels and dations have received Green Leaf certification. resorts were certified. They have been classified Apart from providing information for con- sumers on green products and services, www. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 75

∫√‘…—∑ºâŸº≈‘μÀ—π¡“„À⧫“¡ π„®·≈–‡≈◊Õ°º≈‘μ ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√∑’Ë §”π÷ß∂÷ߺ≈°√–∑∫μàÕ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬¿“¬„π‡«Á∫‰´μ剥⮗¥  à«π ”À√—∫¿“§∏ÿ√°‘®„À⇢ⓡ“»÷°…“∂÷ß°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘μ∑Ë’‡ªìπ¡‘μ√ °∫—  Ëß‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡æ◊ÕË π”‰ªª√∫— „™â„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘μ ·≈– ¡§— √‡¢“â √à«¡‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°‡æË◊Õπ”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑Ë’‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¢Õßμπ‡Õ߇¢“â √à«¡‡º¬·æ√∑à “ß‡«Á∫‰´μå ™ÿ¡™π ¡¬ÿ -≈—πμ“ √à«¡®—¥¡“μ√∞“π‚√ß·√¡ ’‡¢¬’ « ¢È—πμÕπÀπË÷ߢÕß°“√∑”°√–¥“… “ °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®—¥∑”‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”∞“π One of the processes in the production of Sa paper. ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à߇ √‘¡ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·≈–°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß ª√–™“™π „πæÈ◊π∑Ë’‡°“– ¡ÿ¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ ·≈–‡°“–≈—πμ“ À√◊Õæ≈—ßß“π°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡àÀ√◊Õ„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π ·≈–¡’°“√ ®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫’Ë ‡æË◊Õ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ π„®¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘® ®—¥°“√¡≈æ…‘ ∑ˇ’ °¥‘ ¢÷πÈ ®“°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘μ∑’¡Ë °’ “√°”À𥉫â ∑’ˇªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ À√◊Õ Green Tourism ‚¥¬ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ  ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√·≈–™ÿ¡™π„πæÈ◊π∑’ˉ¥â‡¢â“¡’ à«π√à«¡°—∫‚§√ß°“√  ≠— ≈°— …≥μå «— G π’·È ∫àßÕÕ°‡ªπì 3 √–¥—∫‰¥·â °à √–¥—∫¥’‡¬Ë¬’ ¡ μÈ—ß·μà¢È—πμÕπ°“√°”À𥇰≥±å¡“μ√∞“πª√–°Õ∫°“√∑Ë’æ—° ’‡¢’¬« ‡ªìπ ≠— ≈—°…≥μå «— G  ’∑Õß √–¥∫— ¥’¡“° ‡ªπì  ≠— ≈°— …≥åμ—« G  ’‡ß‘𠉪®π∂÷ß„π¢È—πμÕπ¢Õß°“√μ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π ‡æ◊ÕË „À⇰≥±¡å “μ√∞“π¥ß— ·≈–√–¥—∫¥’ ‡ªπì  ≠— ≈°— …≥μå «— G  ’∑Õß·¥ß °≈à“«‡ªìπ‡°≥±å∑Ë’¡“®“°§«“¡‡ÀÁπ√à«¡°—π¢Õß∑ÿ°¿“§ à«π„π™ÿ¡™π · ≈ – „ Àâ ∑ÿ ° § π   “ ¡ “ √ ∂ ¥Ÿ · ≈ √— ° … “ ∑ √— æ ¬ “ ° √ ∏ √ √ ¡ ™ “ μ‘ · ≈ – „πªï∑’˺à“π¡“ ‰¥â¡’°“√¡Õ∫√“ß«—≈„Àâ°—∫ ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√∑’Ë  ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õßμπ√«à ¡°π— ‰¥â ºà“π‡°≥±å°“√º≈‘μ·≈–∫√‘°“√∑’ˇªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡„π 4 °≈ÿà¡ º≈‘μ¿—≥±å ‰¥â·°à º≈‘μ¿—≥±å°√–¥“… “ º≈‘μ¿—≥±å ÿ√“°≈—Ëπ „πªï 2550 ∑Ë’ºà“π¡“ πÕ°®“°°“√®—¥∑”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–·ºπ∑’Ë º≈‘μ¿—≥±å Ë‘ß∑Õ¢π“¥‡≈Á° ·≈–º≈‘μ¿—≥±åº—°·≈–º≈‰¡â·™à‡¬Áπ/·™à ‚√ß·√¡ √ ’ Õ√∑å ∑’ºË à“π‡°≥±¡å “μ√∞“π ‡’ ¢’¬«„πæπÈ◊ ∑’ˇ°“–≈—πμ“·≈«â ·¢Áß „πæ◊Èπ∑Ë’ 6 ®—ßÀ«—¥¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ ‰¥·â °à ‡™¬’ ß„À¡à ‡™¬’ ß√“¬ ·æ√à ¬—߉¥â¡°’ “√ª√–‡¡π‘ º≈‚√ß·√¡ √’ Õ√∑å ¡“μ√∞“π ’‡¢’¬«ÕÕ°‡ªìπ 3 πà“π ≈”ª“ß ·≈–≈”æπŸ √–∫∫ ´Ë÷ß¡’‚√ß·√¡·≈–√’ Õ√å∑„πæ◊Èπ∑’ˇ°“–≈—πμ“ ®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫’ˉ¥â √∫— ¡“μ√∞“π ’‡¢¬’ «°«“à 30 ·Ààß ‚¥¬·∫à߇ªìπ√–¥—∫ Gold Class ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√°«à“ 100 √“¬ ¡—§√‡¢â“√à«¡‚§√ß°“√ ‚¥¬„π ®”π«π 5 ·Ààß √–¥∫— Silver Class ®”π«π 17 ·Ààß ·≈–√–¥∫— ·μà≈–°≈àÿ¡º≈‘μ¿—≥±å®–¡’°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡°≥±å°“√ Green Class ®”π«π 13 ·Ààß ‚¥¬‚√ß·√¡·≈–√’ Õ√å∑∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ º≈‘μ∑’ˇªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ√âÕ¡∑—Èß°“√·≈°‡ª≈Ë’¬π§«“¡§‘¥ ¡“μ√∞“π√–¥—∫ Gold Class ‰¥â·°à ≈¬“π–√’ Õ√å∑·Õπ¥å ª“ ‡ÀÁπμàÕ‡°≥±å∑’Ë®—¥∑”¢È÷π ·≈–¡’æË’‡≈È’¬ß§Õ¬„À⧔·π–π”„π°“√ª√—∫ æ‘¡“≈—¬√’ Õ√∑å ·Õπ¥å ª“ »√≈’ π— μ“√’ Õ√∑å ¡πŸ ‰≈∑å‡∫¬å√ ’ Õ√å∑ ·≈– ‡ª≈ˬ’ π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘μ„À⇪πì ‰ªμ“¡°√–∫«π°“√º≈μ‘ ∑’ Ë –Õ“¥ ‡¥Õ–π√¡‘ “ ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ºà“π‡°≥±å°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°∑È—ß ‘Èπ 33 ©≈“° G º≈μ‘ ¿—≥±åπÈ’„™‡â ∑§‚π‚≈¬’ –Õ“¥ √“¬ ‰¥·â °à ºâªŸ √–°Õ∫°“√ √ÿ “°≈Ë—π®”π«π 15 √“¬ ·∫à߇ªìπ√–¥—∫¥’ ·≈–‡ªìπ¡μ‘ √°∫—  Ëß‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡¬¬’Ë ¡ 3 √“¬ √–¥—∫¥’¡“° 4 √“¬ ·≈–√–¥—∫¥’ 8 √“¬ ºŸâª√–°Õ∫ °“√ ‘Ëß∑Õ¢π“¥‡≈Á°®”π«π 7 √“¬ ‡ªìπ√–¥—∫¥’∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ºâŸª√–°Õ∫ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°≈àÿ¡ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√«‘ “À°‘®¢π“¥°≈“ß·≈–¢π“¥‡≈Á° °“√°√–¥“… “®”π«π 6 √“¬ ·∫à߇ªìπ√–¥—∫¥’¡“° 1 √“¬ ·≈– À√◊Õ°≈àÿ¡º≈‘μ¿—≥±å™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂‡¢â“√à«¡ √â“ß°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘μ∑Ë’ √–¥—∫¥’ 5 √“¬ ·≈–ºâŸª√–°Õ∫°“√º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â·™à‡¬Áπ/·™à·¢Áß ‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥â®—¥ ®”π«π 5 √“¬ ·∫à߇ªìπ√–¥∫— ¥‡’ ¬Ë’¬¡ 2 √“¬·≈–√–¥—∫¥¡’ “° 3 √“¬ ∑”‚§√ß°“√ à߇ √‘¡°“√º≈‘μ·≈–∫√‘°“√∑Ë’‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ à߇ √‘¡„ÀâºâŸª√–°Õ∫°“√‡°‘¥°“√æ—≤π“°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘μ‚¥¬ ºâŸª√–°Õ∫°“√∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π√–¥—∫¥’¡“° À√◊Õ‰¥â√—∫ °“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑’Ë –Õ“¥ ·≈–‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°¢È÷π ´÷Ëß  —≠≈—°…≥åμ—« G  ’∑Õß„π°≈ÿࡺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å ÿ√“°≈Ë—π‰¥·â °à «‘ “À°‘® ®–‡ªìπ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡™àÕß∑“ß∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®„Àâ°—∫°≈àÿ¡ºâŸª√–°Õ∫°“√ “¡“√∂ ™ÿ¡™ππߧ√“≠æ“π‘™ °≈ÿࡇ°…μ√°√∫â“π√‘¡°«ß ·≈–°≈ÿà¡  àß ‘π§â“‰ª®”Àπà“¬‰¥â∑—Èßμ≈“¥¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»·≈–μ≈“¥μà“ß ‡°…μ√°√º ¡º “π °≈àÿ¡º≈‘μ¿—≥±å°√–¥“… “ ‰¥â·°à ∫√‘…—∑ ª√–‡∑» ·≈–‡æ¡‘Ë ∑“߇≈◊Õ°„Àºâ â∫Ÿ √‚‘ ¿§ ´’.‡Õ .æ’. ‡™’¬ß„À¡à°√–¥“… “ ®”°—¥ ·≈–°≈ÿࡺ≈‘μ¿—≥±åº—°·≈– º≈‰¡â·™à‡¬Áπ/·™à·¢Áß ‰¥â·°à ∫√‘…—∑ ¬Ÿ‡π’ˬπ‡ø√™ (2003) ®”°—¥ °≈ÿࡺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’˺à“π‡°≥±å°“√º≈‘μ·≈–∫√‘°“√∑’ˇªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ ·≈–∫√‘…—∑ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à‚ø√‡´àπøŸ¥ å ®”°—¥(¡À“™π)  ”À√—∫ºâŸ∑’ˬ—߉¡à  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡μ“¡À≈—°°“√®—¥°“√ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑Ë’‡πâπ°“√≈¥¡≈æ‘… ≥ ºà“π‡°≥±å°“√ª√–‡¡‘π‰¥â¡’ª√—∫ª√ÿßμ“¡¢âÕ·π–π”Õ¬à“ßμàÕ‡πË◊Õß ·À≈ßà °”‡π¥‘ À√Õ◊ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬ ’ –Õ“¥ (Clean Technology) ‰¥·â °à ‡æ◊ËÕª√—∫‡ª≈Ë’¬π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘쉪 àŸ°“√º≈‘μ∑Ë’‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ ¡’°“√„™â«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘μÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ¡’°“√≈¥  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡μàÕ‰ª À√◊ÕÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√„™â “√‡§¡’À√◊Õ«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫∑’ˇªìπÕ—πμ√“¬ ¡’°“√ ª√–À¬—¥æ≈—ßß“πÀ√◊Õ„™âæ≈—ßß“π∑Ë’ –Õ“¥¢÷Èπ ¡’°“√π”«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 76

º≈μ‘ ¿≥— ±°å √–¥“… “ ∑Ë’‰¥â√∫— ©≈“° G while minimizing pollution in the process. This advanced Some samples of products made of Sa plant paper. technology also focuses on effi- cient use of raw materials, mini- into three groups: the Gold Class (5), Silver Class mization or avoidance of chemi- (17) and Green Class (13). More than 30 hotels and cals and hazardous substances resorts were certified as Green Leaf. The Gold Class in the process, recycling, energy awardees include Layana Resort and Spa, Pimalai saving, and efficient hazardous Resort and Spa, Sri Lanta Resort, Moonlight Bay waste management. Resort and The Narima. The G Label is classified into G Label for Environmentally- three levels – golden G for excel- friendly and Clean Technology lent, silver G for very good and copper G for good. In order to provide Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and local communities with Last year, many enterprises access to ecologically sound production process, in six provinces from northern the DEQP has initiated a project to promote green Thailand including Chiang Mai, products and services campaign aiming at encour- Chiang Rai, Phrae, Nan, Lampang aging business operators to develop new produc- and Lumphun received G Label. tion processes using clean technology that helps The label was given to four differ- protect the environment. The ecologically sound ent types of industries – Sa paper, processes will help manufacturers increase their distilled liquor, small textiles as well competitiveness in both domestic and global mar- as frozen/chilled vegetables and kets, while offering more choices for consumers. fruits. Clean technology is a means to provide products More than 100 enterprises have and services, which are environmentally friendly participated in the project. They are trained on the criteria of environ- mentally friendly production and are asked to make comments on the drafted standards. Advisors are ready to provide advice on how to adapt their businesses to meet environmental requirements. Currently, 33 enterprises have satisfied the cri- teria. Fifteen of them are distilled liquor producers with three classified as excellent, 4 very good and 8 good. Seven textile producers were evaluated good. Six Sa paper producers were certified with one clas- sified as excellent, the remaining five as good. Five enterprises from the frozen/chilled vegetable and fruit industry won two golden awards and three silver awards. The winning line up for golden awards from the distilled liquor category was as follows: Nongkhran Phanit community enterprise, Baan Rim Kuang Agricultural Group, and the Mixed Farming Group. Excellence performance for Sa paper production went to C.S.P. Chiang Mai Sa Paper Co., Ltd., and for the frozen/chilled vegetable and fruit industry to Union Fresh (2003) Co., Ltd. and Chiang Mai Frozen Foods Plc. Advice is continuously provided for enter- prises which have yet to pass certification to help them adjust and improve their production process to meet the environmental criteria in the future. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 77

≈âÕ¡°√Õ∫ VIEWFINDER 78 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

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ª“É À‘πß“¡ ™«à ¬°π— ‚À«μÀπàÕ¬π– À¡‡Ÿà °“–™â“ß ‡¢ËÕ◊ π»√π’ §√π‘ ∑√å Õÿ∑¬“π·Àßà ™“μ∑‘ ’§Ë ÿ≥‡§¬‰ª‡∑¬Ë’ «¡“ ∑’‰Ë Àπ‚¥π ÿ¥Ê  «¬ º“·μâ¡ §—°Ê ®—¥°“√‰¥â¢È—π‡∑æ ‡Õ√“«—≥ «“√ “√‡ πâ ∑“ß ’‡¢¬’ « ®—°¡Õ∫ª√–°“»π¬’ ∫μ— √‰«‡â ªπì °”≈ß— ‡¢“„À≠à „®·°Õà ÿ∑¬“πœ πÈ—π ‡æ◊ËÕ√°— …“§«“¡¥’‰«∂â ß÷ √ÿπà ‚À≈πππ𠇪ìπ∑Ë’‡∑’ˬ« ¥âÿ ¥¥¬Õ¥¢Õߧπ‰∑¬μàÕ‰ªπ“πÊ ‡≈¬®“â ™ÕË◊ Õ∑ÿ ¬“πœ ......................................................................... ‡Àμºÿ ≈............................................................... ......................................................................... ......................................................................... .............................................. ≈âÿπ√—∫‡ ÈÕ◊ ¬¥◊ · ππ“à √°— ç μ— «å‡≈Á°πÈ”®¥◊ é 5 √“ß«≈— ·≈– ¢ÕßμÕ∫·∑ππ”È „® ”À√—∫º√Ÿâ «à ¡ π°ÿ ∑°ÿ ∑à“π °√≥ÿ “·ø°´å §”μÕ∫°≈∫— ¡“∑Ë’ 02-2985629,02-379-5938 À√◊Õ àß ‰ª√…≥¬’ åμ“¡∑Õ’Ë ¬¥àŸ â“πÀ≈ß— §à– ™ÕË◊ -π“¡ °ÿ≈............................................ ∑’ÕË ¬Ÿà.................................................. ‚∑√»æ— ∑.å ......................................... Õ’‡¡≈..................................................... ¿°Ÿ √–¥÷ß ‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢¬’ «©∫—∫∑’Ë 24 ç ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡»°÷ …“é ¡‡’ °¡  å π°ÿ ·°≈⡧«“¡√⟠‡°Ë¬’ «°∫— °“√‡√’¬π√‡âŸ √ÕË◊ ß ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ·∫àߪπí „Àâ‡æ◊ÕË πÊ ∑—Ë«‡¡◊Õ߉∑¬  ßà °≈—∫¡“‰¥â§–à ∑“ß∑¡’ ß“π®°— ¢Õ∫æ√–§ÿ≥Õ¬“à ß Ÿß·≈–¡¢’ ÕßμÕ∫·∑π πÈ”„®¡Õ∫„À⮓â

ª√–™“∏‘ª‰μ¬ Grassroots √“°À≠â“ Democracy: §≈πË◊ ·Àßà Õπ“§μ Wave of the Future §«“¡·μ°μà“ß∑‡’Ë ÀπÁ ‰¥™â —¥„πª√–‡¥Áπ°“√¡’ «à π√«à ¡¢Õß ACLEAR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ª√–™“™π√–À«à“ß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ªï 2540 ·≈–©∫—∫ªï 2550 1997 AND 2007 CONSTITUTIONS ª√“°ØÕ¬àŸ„πÀ¡«¥∑Ë’«“à ¥«â ¬°“√ª°§√Õß «à π∑Õâ ß∂πË‘ on the issue of public participation √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫∫— ªï 2550 ‰¥â‡πâπ¬”È ·≈–‡æ¡Ë‘ ‡μ¡‘ ‡πÈÕ◊ À“‡√◊ËÕßπ’È appears in the chapter on local „π¡“μ√“ 287 ∑’Ë„À â ‘∑∏ª‘ √–™“™π„π∑âÕß∂π‘Ë ¡’ «à π√«à ¡„π°“√∫√‘À“√ administration. °®‘ °“√¢ÕßÕߧ°å √ª°§√Õß «à π∑Õâ ß∂π‘Ë ç‚¥¬Õߧ°å √ «à π∑Õâ ß∂π‘Ë μÕâ ß®—¥„Àâ¡’«∏‘ ’°“√∑’Ë„Àâª√–™“™π¡’ «à π√«à ¡¥ß— °≈à“«‰¥â¥â«¬é The current constitution expands on this issue in Article 287 which grants local citizens πÕ°®“°πÈ’ Õߧå°√∑Õâ ß∂‘πË μâÕß„Àâ¢âÕ¡≈Ÿ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡°Ë¬’ «°—∫ the right to participate in the running of local ç°“√°√–∑”é ∑’Ë®–¡’º≈°√–∑∫μÕà ™«’ μ‘ §«“¡‡ªπì Õ¬¢Ÿà Õߪ√–™“™π„π administration organizations (LAOs), stressing ∑âÕß∂Ë‘π°àÕπ®–°√–∑”°“√¥ß— °≈à“« ·≈–ª√–™“™π “¡“√∂√Õâ ߢՄÀâ¡’ that the LAOs must initiate a process in which °“√√∫— øíߧ«“¡§¥‘ ‡ÀπÁ °Õà π®–¡°’ “√°√–∑”‡°‘¥¢È÷π ·¡®â π°√–∑ßË— 𔉪 citizens may participate.  °Ÿà “√≈ߪ√–™“¡μ‘„π∑Õâ ß∂πË‘ In addition, the LAOs must provide ¥ß— ππ—È ·¡â«à“√∞— ∏√√¡πŸ≠‰¡à‰¥â™™’È —¥«“à «‘∏’°“√„Àªâ √–™“™π¡’ «à π information about its “action” that will have √à«¡§«√®–‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫„¥ ·μà°ÁæÕÕπÿ¡“π‰¥«â “à Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬Ê °Áπà“®–¡’ an impact on the life of local citizens before °“√®¥— ª√–™¡ÿ À√◊Õ —¡¡π“‡æÕË◊ „À¢â âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–√—∫øíߧ«“¡§‘¥‡ÀπÁ ®“° proceeding with such action and the people ª√–™“™πμàÕπ‚¬∫“¬À√Õ◊ ‚§√ß°“√∑®Ë’ –¡¢’ ÷πÈ ·¡®â π°√–∑Ë—ß√«¡∂ß÷ °“√ have the right to public hearings before such „Àªâ √–™“™π‰¥√â «à ¡„π°“√μ¥—  π‘ „®‚¥¬„À¡â μ’ «— ·∑πÕ¬Ÿà„π§≥–°√√¡°“√ action takes place. This could culminate in a μ“à ßÊ À√◊Õ„Àâ¡’°“√≈ߪ√–™“¡μ‘ ‡ªπì μπâ local referendum. ¡“μ√“ 290 °”Àπ¥„ÀâÕߧ°å √ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂π‘Ë ¡’Õ”π“® Thus, even if the charter does not specify Àπ“â ∑’ Ë à߇ √‘¡·≈–√°— …“§ÿ≥¿“æ ßË‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‰¥â‡æË¡‘ «√√§Àπ÷Ëß∑Ë’ the way and means to effect public participation, it may be assumed that at the least there should be meetings or seminars to provide public information and to receive public comments on any policy or project being planned. The citizens

°”Àπ¥„Àâ°ÆÀ¡“¬≈Ÿ°μâÕß¡’ “√– ”§—≠‡°’¬Ë «°—∫‡√◊ÕË ß°“√¡ ’ à«π ·≈–®–μâÕß„Àâª√–™“™π‡¢“â ∂ß÷ √“¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥¢Õß ≠— ≠“‡¡Õ◊Ë ‰¥â≈ßπ“¡„π √«à ¡¢Õß™¡ÿ ™π∑Õâ ß∂Ë‘πÕ’°¥«â ¬  —≠≠“·≈«â Õ’°ª√–‡¥ÁπÀπË÷ß∑Ë·’ μ°μà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡“°°∫— √—∞∏√√¡π≠Ÿ ªï 2540 πÕ°®“°π—Èπ À“°°“√∑” —≠≠“¡’º≈°√–∑∫μÕà ª√–™“™πÀ√◊Õ ‡°Ë’¬«°∫— ‡√Õ◊Ë ß°“√∑” ≠— ≠“À√◊Õ¢Õâ μ°≈ß√–À«“à ߪ√–‡∑» ºªŸâ √–°Õ∫°“√¢π“¥°≈“ßÀ√◊Õ¢π“¥¬àÕ¡ √∞— ∫“≈®–μÕâ ß·°â‰¢ ‡¬’¬«¬“ºŸâ‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫ çÕ¬“à ß√«¥‡√«Á ‡À¡“– ¡ ·≈–‡ªìπ∏√√¡é ¡“μ√“ 224 „π√∞— ∏√√¡πŸ≠ªï 2540 ‡¢’¬π —ÈπÊ ‡æ’¬ß«“à  —≠≠“„¥∑’Ë°√–∑∫∂÷ßÕ“≥“‡¢μ‰∑¬À√◊Õ‡¢μÕ”π“®·Ààß√—∞À√Õ◊ ´ßË÷ À¡“¬§«“¡«“à °“√∑” ≠— ≠“°“√§â“‡ √®’ –μÕâ ߇¢â“ àŸ μÕâ ßÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬√Õß√—∫ μâÕ߉¥√â —∫§«“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫®“°√—∞ ¿“ °√–∫«π°“√殑 “√≥“¢Õß√∞—  ¿“ ´÷ßË ®–‡ª¥î ‚Õ°“ „Àâª√–™“™π‰¥â¡’  à«π√à«¡„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“¡“°¢π÷È ¥â«¬‡ÀμÿπÈ’ √∞— ∫“≈¿“¬„μâ æ.μ.∑. ∑°— …‘≥ ™π‘ «—μ√ ‰¥Õâ “»¬— ™àÕß‚À«à∑” ≠— ≠“°“√§“â ‡ √’ (Free Trade Agreement) °∫— μà“ß ‡¡Ë◊Õæ‘®“√≥“‚¥¬¿“æ√«¡·≈«â ° Á “¡“√∂楟 ‰¥â«“à ª√–‡∑» ‡™àπ ®π’ ·≈–ÕÕ ‡μ√‡≈’¬ ‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥âºà“π°“√殑 “√≥“À√◊Õ √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ªï 2550 „Àâ ∑‘ ∏‘·°ªà √–™“™π·≈–™ÿ¡™π„π°“√¡ ’ à«π ‡ÀπÁ ™Õ∫®“°√—∞ ¿“ ·¡®â –¡‡’  ¬’ ߇√¬’ °√âÕß®“°°≈¡àÿ ª√–™“™πμà“ßÊ √«à ¡„π°“√®—¥°“√·≈–„™âª√–‚¬™π®å “°∑√æ— ¬“°√∏√√¡™“μ‘·≈– ‚¥¬Õâ“ß«à“ ≠— ≠“¥ß— °≈“à «¡‘‰¥μâ âÕß¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬√Õß√—∫ ·≈–¡‰‘ ¥â  ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡¡“°¢π÷È °«“à ‡¥¡‘ ¢Õâ ‚μ·â ¬ßâ ¢Õß°≈¡ÿà ª√–™“ ß— §¡„πª√–‡¥πÁ °√–∑∫∂÷ßÕ“≥“‡¢μ‰∑¬À√Õ◊ ‡¢μÕ”π“®·Àßà √∞— π’Èπ“à ®–‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß√“¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥ª≈°’ ¬Õà ¬´ß÷Ë ‰¡à„™à “√– ”§≠— ¡“°π—° ¡“μ√“ 190 „π√—∞∏√√¡π≠Ÿ ªï 2550 ∫—≠≠μ— ‘‡°Ë¬’ «°—∫‡√◊ÕË ß °√–ππÈ— °Áμ“¡ π°— æ≤— π“ —ß§¡ π°— «™‘ “°“√·≈–π—°‡§≈Ë◊Õπ‰À« ‡¥¬’ «°π— π’¥È «â ¬‡π◊ÕÈ À“∑Ë’≈–‡Õ’¬¥¡“°¬ß‘Ë ¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬‡æ‘Ë¡‡πÕÈ◊ À“∑Ë’‡ªπì  “√– ¥“â π ßË‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡¬ß— ¡§’ «“¡§≈“ß·§≈ß„®·≈–§”∂“¡∫“ߪ√–°“√∑¬Ë’ —ß  ”§≠— §◊Õ °”Àπ¥„Àâ —≠≠“∑Ë’ 硺’ ≈ºŸ°æ—π¥â“π°“√§“â °“√ ‰¡à “¡“√∂À“§”μÕ∫‰¥â §”∂“¡ÀπË÷ß°Á§◊Õ π“¡∏√√¡∑’Ë¥’¢÷Èπ  «¬ ≈ß∑πÿ À√◊Õß∫ª√–¡“≥¢Õߪ√–‡∑» Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ μÕâ ߉¥â√—∫ À√¢Ÿ ÷Èπ„π√∞— ∏√√¡π≠Ÿ ©∫—∫≈“à  ¥ÿ ®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√ªØ‘∫μ— ‘„À⇪ìπ®√ß‘  ¡ §«“¡‡ÀπÁ ™Õ∫¢Õß√∞—  ¿“é μ“¡‡®μπ“√¡≥剥Õâ ¬à“߉√ ·≈–®–∑”„À√â —∞∫“≈∑∂Ë’ °Ÿ ‡≈◊Õ°μß—È ‡¢“â ¡“ ¿“¬„μ√â —∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ªï 2550 ªØ‘∫μ— ‘μ“¡‡®μπ“√¡≥åππÈ— ‚¥¬‰¡à √—∞∫“≈¬—ßμâÕß„À¢â Õâ ¡≈Ÿ ·≈–®—¥„Àâ¡’°“√√—∫øßí §«“¡§¥‘ ‡ÀÁπ®“° ∫‘¥‡∫’Ȭ«‡À¡Õ◊ πÕ¬à“߇™àπ∑‡Ë’ §¬‡ªπì ¡“‰¥Õâ ¬à“߉√ ª√–™“™π ·≈–™·’È ®ßμàÕ√∞—  ¿“°Õà π∑’Ë®–∑” —≠≠“°—∫π“π“ª√–‡∑» may also be represented in various committees or information, make arrangement for a public hearing vote in a referendum. on the matter, and provide clarification of such a treaty to Parliament. Article 290 vests in the LAOs power and duties to promote and protect the environment. A It must also provide access to the details of paragraph, which did not appear in the previous the treaty to the public after the signing the treaty. charter, requires the organic law to contain public participation by local communities as a major part In a case where the implementation of such a of the law. treaty will affect the people or the small or medium sized entrepreneurs, the government must take ANOTHER DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE corrective actions or help the affected individuals TWO CHARTERS has to do with the country’s “in a timely, suitable, and fair manner.” commitment in international agreements. What all this means is that the process of In the 1997 constitution, Article 224 states that: making any treaty, including free trade agreements, “A treaty which provides for a change in the Thai must go through parliamentary deliberation which territories or the jurisdiction of the State or requires should lead to increased public participation in the enactment of an Act for its implementation such matter. must be approved by the National Assembly.” CONSIDERING AS A WHOLE, then, it may be The Thaksin Shinawatra government said that the 2007 constitution grants to citizens exploited a loophole in the article to enter into and communities the rights to participate in the free trade agreements (FTAs) with countries such management and utilization of natural resources as China and Australia without submitting them and the environment to a much greater extent for parliamentary endorsement despite calls from than that provided for in the 1997 charter. Any citizens groups. The reasons given were that the protestation by civic groups on this issue involves agreements did not require a new legislation or a only the fine points of the contents. change in the Thai territories or jurisdiction of the state. Be that as it may, social development advocates, academics and environmentalists This article was transformed into Article 190 remain unconvinced and have several unanswered in the current constitution in much more details. questions. They question, for example, whether Significantly, it states that any treaty or agreement the charter with all its beautifully crafted text can that “has extensive impacts on the country’s be translated into real action according to the economic and social stability, or has significant intent of the drafters and how to ensure that the bindings on trade, investment, or national budget, elected government would act under the supreme must be approved by the National Assembly.” law without evading its intent as had happened in the past. The government must publicize relevant 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

9 «‘∏’∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« Nine ways of protecting the æ∑‘ —°…å‚≈° earth ‡√Õ◊Ë ß...§ÿ≥μ–«—π√Õπ Khun Tawanron ™«’ ‘μ§π‡¡Õ◊ ߬ÿ§„À¡Õà ¬à“߇√“ ‡¡◊ËÕ For most hard-working city ∑”ß“πÀπ°— °ÁμâÕ߇∑Ë’¬«°π— ·∫∫„Àâ‡μ¡Á people like us, it is normal that ∑’Ë·∫∫À≈ÿ¥‚≈° ·μàÕ¬“à ≈¡◊ æ∑‘ °— …å‚≈° when we take a trip we go all ‰«‡â º◊ÕË §π√ÿàπÀ≈—ߥ⫬°·Á ≈â«°—π... out to make it enjoyable. But ‡√Ë◊Õß·∫∫π’È∑”‰¡à¬“°∂“â μ—Èß„®®√‘ß... please be reminded not to forget to preserve the earth for ‡∑’ˬ«„°≈âÊ ¥â«¬√∂¢π àß “∏“√≥– ¢ ¡°. ‡¢“¡’∫√‘°“√ the future generations. With a ‡∑¬Ë’ « 9 «¥— „π°√ßÿ ‡∑æ·≈–®—ßÀ«¥— „°≈⇧’¬ß  à«π°“√√∂‰øœ ‡¢“°Á strong intention, this is not hard ¡’‚ª√·°√¡∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬««—πÀ¬ÿ¥∑Ë’πà“ π„® ∑—Èß·∫∫§â“ߧ◊π·≈–™—Ë«§√“« to do. Here’s how: (‡™“â ‰ª‡¬Áπ°≈∫— ) ≈Õ߉ª°—∫‡¢“¥Ÿ °— §√ßÈ— ®–μ‘¥„® ‰¥â‡æ◊ËÕπ ‰¡ªà ≈◊Õß πÈ”¡π— ‰¥â‰°¥øå √Õ’ ’°μà“ßÀ“° For a short trip, take public transport. The Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) μ√«®‡™Á§√∂¬πμå°àÕπ‡¥‘π∑“ß·≈–‰¡à¢—∫√∂‡√Á« ¢—∫√∂‰¡à‡°‘π has organized a tour program to take you to 90 °¡.μàՙ˗«‚¡ß®–ª√–À¬—¥°«à“¢—∫ 105 °¡.μàÕ™—Ë«‚¡ß∂÷ß 15 nine temples in Bangkok and vicinity. The State ‡ªÕ√凴πμå ∑Ë’ ”§—≠¬ÿ§πÈ”¡—π·æßÀŸ©Ë’·∫∫πÈ’ μâÕß«“ß·ºπ°“√‡¥‘π Railway of Thailand also has tour program, both ∑“ß ¡·’ ºπ∑Ëæ’ √Õâ ¡‡π«‘‡°‡μÕ√剫⠄®‰¥â°π— À≈ß∑“ß ·≈–À“°§≥ÿ ‰¡à‰¥â for an overnight stay and a one-day trip. Try one ‰ªμ–≈ÿ¬¿Ÿ‡¢“ΩÉ“≈”∏“√ °Á§ß‰¡àμâÕߢ—∫√∂‚ø√å«’≈´¥πÈ”¡—π‚Œ°Œ“° and you’ll like it. You’ll make new friends without ¢—∫√∂‡≈Á°ª√–À¬—¥‡ß‘π°«“à wasting fuel. Plus, you’ll get a free tour guide.

‡¥‘π∑“ß‚¥¬‡§√Ë◊Õß∫‘π‡∑à“∑Ë’®”‡ªì𠉪·μà≈–§√—È߉ª„Àâ§ÿâ¡ ‰ª 氺Ⓡ™Á¥Àπâ“·∑π°√–¥“…∑‘™™Ÿ®π‡ªìππ‘ —¬ °√–¥“…‰¥â¡“ ‡æ√“–Õ¬“°‰ª®√‘ßÊ ·≈–‰ª„Àâ ‰¥â “√– ‰¡à„™à‰ª‡æ√“–¡’μ—Ϋø√’À√◊Õ ®“°μâπ‰¡â ·¡â®–‡ªìπ‰¡â®“°ª“É ª≈°Ÿ ·μªà “É ª≈Ÿ°°ÁμÕâ ß„™∑â √æ— ¬“°√¥π‘ μΗ«∂Ÿ° π”È ·√∏à “μÿ¡„‘ ™πà âÕ¬ °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«§◊Õ°“√„Àâ√“ß«—≈°—∫™’«‘μ...·∫∫‰¡àøÉÿ¡‡øóÕ¬ æ°∂ÿߺâ“μ‘¥¡◊Õ‰ª¥â«¬ ‡«≈“‰ª‡∑’ˬ«§ÿ≥μâÕß´È◊Õ¢Õß °“√°‘π„™â∑√—欓°√Õ¬à“߉¡à‡§¬∑”¡“°àÕπ„π™’«‘μ¢Õߧÿ≥√«¡°—∫ °√–®ÿ°°√–®°‘ μ≈Õ¥‡«≈“Õ¬·àŸ ≈â« ´ÕÈ◊ πÈ”¢«¥‡¥’¬« ·¡à§â“„®¥’·®°∂ÿß π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑’˧‘¥‡À¡◊Õπ§ÿ≥Õ“® √â“ß¿“√–®π∑”„Àâ·À≈àß °ÕÁ ¬à“√∫— ´◊ÕÈ ¢π¡¢∫‡§È¬’ «„ à∂ÿߺⓠ¡ª’ √–‚¬™πåÀ≈“¬™—È𠇙πà ‡æË◊Õπ ∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «ππÈ— æ∫Ωπí √“â ¬‰ª‡≈¬ Õ¬“à „™πâ ”È ‰ø°√–¥“…™”√–√“«°∫— ‡ªπì §Ÿà ¡Õ߉¡‡à ÀπÁ (‡°Á∫‰«°â ‘π§π‡¥¬’ «) ·§âπ‡®â“¢Õß‚√ß·√¡‡æ’¬ß‡æ√“–§‘¥«à“ ç®à“¬‡ß‘π·≈â«é ‡¥’ά«πÈ’ π°— ∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë « ”π°÷ ¥‡’ ¢“‡√¡‘Ë ∫Õ°‚√ß·√¡«“à ‰¡μà Õâ ߇ª≈¬’Ë πº“â ª∑Ÿ °ÿ «π— ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«μâ“π‚≈°√âÕπÕ¬à“ß √â“ß √√§å ‡¥’ά«πÈ’ „§√Ê °Á „À⇪≈Õ◊ ßπ”È ‡ª≈◊Õߺߴ—°øÕ°·≈–‡ª≈◊Õ߉ø Œ‘μ®—¥§“√“«“π∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«μâ“π‚≈°√âÕπ„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈«—πÀ¬ÿ¥¬“« ∫“ß·Àßà ¢∫«π√∂‚ø√«å ≈’ ·≈–√∂„À≠πà ∫— √Õâ ¬§π— ∑”„À√â ∂쥑 ‡μ¡Á ‡¡Õ◊ ß Õ¬à“À¬‘∫À√◊Õ´È◊ÕÀ“μâπ‰¡â „∫À≠â“À√◊ՙȑπ à«π —μ«åªÉ“ ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡≈Á°Ê À≈—ßμ–≈ÿ¬‡∑’ˬ« (°‘π¥Ë◊¡) ·∫∫‡¥‘¡Ê ‡ √Á®·≈â« °Á °≈∫— ∫â“π „À⇢“Õ¬àŸ„π∂‘Ëπ¢Õ߇¢“π–à ¥’Õ¬Ÿà·≈«â ‡√“®–‰¥°â ≈∫— ¡“™¡Õ°’ ‡ √‘¡°‘®°√√¡ª≈Ÿ°μâπ‰¡â ‡æË◊Õ„À⇢ⓧÕπ‡´ª∑åÕπÿ√—°…å Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ §”楟 ∑«Ë’ à“ ç®–‰¡à‡À≈◊ÕÕ–‰√‰«âπÕ°®“°√Õ¬‡∑“â ·≈–®–‰¡‡à Õ“Õ–‰√°≈∫—  —°ÀπàÕ¬ §«“¡®√‘ß∂â“Õ¬“°ª≈Ÿ°Ωíߧà“π‘¬¡√—° ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â«¬ ¡“πÕ°®“°¿“æ∂à“¬é ·¡®â –‡™¬ ·μ°à ¬Á —ß„™â‰¥μâ ≈Õ¥°“≈ °“√ª≈°Ÿ μπâ ‰¡∑â ”∑∫Ë’ “â π°‰Á ¥â ‰¥√â ¡à ‡ß“ μπâ ‰¡â‰¡μà “¬ ¥¥Ÿ ´∫— §“√∫å Õπ ‡Õ“„®‡¢“¡“„ à„®‡√“ ‡√¬’ π√«âŸ —≤π∏√√¡∑âÕß∂‘πË „À‡â °’¬√μ‘ ≈ÕßÀπ— ¡“§‘¥«‘∏∑’ Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «·∫∫„À¡à°—π¥°’ «“à ‡™àπ ®—¥ª√–°«¥ ·≈–°√–®“¬√“¬‰¥â „Àâ∑âÕß∂Ë‘π Õ¬à“∑”μ—«‰Œ‚´πà“À¡—Ëπ‰ â¥â«¬°“√ π—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑Ë’„™â¢«¥πÈ”æ≈“ μ‘°πâÕ¬ „™âπÈ”„™â‰ø „™â°√–¥“…∑‘™™Ÿ ´◊ÈÕ·Œ¡‡∫Õ√凰Õ√åøÑ“ μåøŸÑ¥™Ë◊Õ¥—߇ªìπÕ“À“√°≈“ß«—π„πªÉ“ ™à«¬ ·≈– √â“ߢ¬–πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·μà§ß‰¡à∂÷߉¡à∂÷ߢȗπÕ“∫πÈ”πâÕ¬ ´ÕÈ◊ ¢Õß°‘π¢Õß„™â „π∑Õâ ß∂πË‘ ∫“â ß À“°‡√“·∫àߪíπ·≈–∑”„À§â π„πæπÈ◊ ∑Ë’ ∑Ë’ ¥ÿ ..‡°√ß„®‡æÕ◊Ë π¢â“ßÊ ‰¥â√—∫ª√–‚¬™π宓°°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ‡¢“®–‰¥â™à«¬Õπÿ√—°…å∫â“π‡¢“„Àâ‡√“ ‰¥â‡∑ˬ’ «π“πÊ Check your car engine before a trip, and efit from tourism, they will keep what they have in don’t drive too fast. Driving at 90kph can save their locality in good shape so you can go back for 15% of petrol compared to going at 105kph. In another visit. the era of high fuel cost, you need to plan ahead for a trip with a map, possibly together with a reli- Make a habit of using a handkerchief able navigator, to prevent you from getting lost. If instead of tissue paper. Paper is made of trees. you are not going to a mountain and run through Even when the trees come from a man-made for- a creek, leave your four-wheeler at home. A small est, they still consume considerable amount of vehicle goes a longer way on less fuel. water and minerals from earth. Take a plane only when necessary. Make Always take along a cloth bag. We often the most use out of every air trip. Travel by air buy snacks and stuff when on a trip. Don’t take only when necessary, not because you get a free the plastic bag that the kind vendor gives to you or a low-cost ticket. just to put in a bottle of drinking water or bags of snack. Cloth bags have other uses besides. They Travelling is a gift for our life but do it eco- hide your snacks from friends (so that you can nomically. Don’t go if you and fellow tourists are save them for yourself alone). going to waste resources like there’s no tomorrow. Don’t use water, electricity and tissue paper as if Go globetrotting in a constructive way. An you are taking revenge on the hotel owner or think- anti-global warming tour is now a big hit, especially ing that “I have paid my money.” Today, responsi- during a long holiday. Sometimes a tour involves ble tourists have begun to tell hotel staff that they up to 100 four-wheel-drive trucks that cause traffic don’t need to change a bed sheet everyday so as jams in any small town. After a full-scale sightsee- to save water, detergent powder and electricity. ing (plus drinking and eating) these tourists often resort to planting trees in an attempt to show off Don’t take home or buy plants or wildlife. their concern for the environment. In fact, if you Leave them where they belong so that you can really want to instill environmental awareness, you admire them again when you go back. A saying can simply plant trees at home. The trees will give “We will leave nothing behind except foot prints us shades and help absorb carbon dioxide. and will not take anything out except photographs” can be applied forever even if it may sound a little Let us think of more constructive ways to old fashioned. travel. For example, have a contest to see who will use the least amount of tissue paper, the least Be considerate. Try to learn and respect number of plastic bottles, electricity and water and leaves the least garbage. However, you need not local cultures and distribute income to the go so far as not taking a bath just to save water … locals. Don’t be a snob by taking hamburger or just to be considerate to your fellow travelers. popular fast food for lunch in the forest. Buy local food and products. If you help local people ben- 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008