Greenline23

∫∑∫√√≥“∏°‘ “√ EDITORIAL For many years now, tourism has been an eco- nomic heroine that has generated revenue of À≈“¬ªï·≈â«∑Ë’°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡ªìπæ√–‡Õ°‡»√…∞°‘®∑Ë’ over 6% of the country’s GDP, amounting to  √â“ß√“¬‰¥â„Àâ°—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡°‘π°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 6 535 billion baht ($16.17 billion) which was ¢Õߺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å¡«≈√«¡¢Õß∑ȗߪ√–‡∑» À√◊Õ§‘¥ half of the export of services. ‡ªìπ√“¬‰¥â‡¡Ë◊Õªï∑Ë’·≈â«∂÷ß 535,000 ≈â“π∫“∑ ∂◊Õ ‡ªπì §√ßË÷ ÀπË÷ߢÕß°“√ àßÕÕ°¿“§∫√‘°“√∑’‡¥¬’ « Whenever the economy is on the downturn, tour- ism becomes the tool in drawing income into the ‡¡◊ËÕ„¥°Áμ“¡∑Ë’¿“«–‡»√…∞°‘®∂¥∂Õ¬ °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«¡—°‡ªìπ country because its raw materials which are culture ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬„π°“√ √â“ß√“¬‰¥â‡¢â“ àŸª√–‡∑» ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®∑Ë’¡’ and natural resources exist in abundance. For this rea- «—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫§◊Õª√–‡æ≥’«—≤∏√√¡·≈–∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“μ‘æ√âÕ¡¡Ÿ≈ son, the term “ecotourism” has become a catch-word Õ¬·àŸ ≈â« ¥«â ¬‡Àμπÿ §È’ ”«“à çÕ‚’ §∑«— √éå ®ß÷ ∂Õ◊ °”‡π‘¥¢π÷È ‡¡Õ◊Ë 10 ª∑ï ’Ë for the past decade, just when Thailand was encoun- ºà“π¡“ ´Ë÷߇ªìπ™à«ß∑’˪√–‡∑»‰∑¬μâÕ߇º™‘≠°—∫¿“«– ç«‘°ƒμ tering the infamous “Tom Yam Koong” crisis. μ⡬”°ßâÿ é Now that the domestic economy is again facing ªí®®ÿ∫—π ¥â«¬‡»√…∞°‘®∑’Ë°”≈—ß∂¥∂Õ¬ª√–°Õ∫°—∫§«“¡μË◊π a decline, coupled with public awareness of climate μ—«‡√Ë◊Õß¿“«–‚≈°√âÕπ °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (∑∑∑.) change, the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) is ¬—ßÀ«—ß«à“Õ’‚§∑—«√å®–‡ªìπæ√–‡Õ°¢’Ë¡â“¢“«™à«¬°Õ∫°Ÿâª“°∑âÕߧπ hoping that ecotourism would be the knight in a shiny ‰∑¬ ®÷ß¡’·§¡‡ª≠°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“°¡“¬ ‡™àπ armor to help rescue the Thai people from an abyss. ç∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ ««‘∂’‰∑¬μ“â π¿¬— ‚≈°√Õâ πé (Low Emission Tourism Several ecotourism campaigns have been launched as Thai) ·≈– 燰∫Á ‡¡◊Õ߉∑¬„Àâ «¬ß“¡é ‡ªìπμπâ a result, such as the Low Emission Tourism Thai and the Keep Thailand Beautiful. ‡¡◊ËÕÀ—π°≈—∫¡“¥Ÿ°“√æ—≤π“ “∏“√≥Ÿª‚¿§æÈ◊π∞“π‡æË◊Õ √Õß√—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«·π«∏√√¡™“μ‘°≈—∫‰¡à Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫μ—«‡≈¢ But the basic infrastructures for ecotourism do °“√‡μ‘∫‚μ¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‚¥¬√«¡ ‚¥¬„πªï 2550 ∑∑∑. not seem to be up to par with the growth of tourist ª√–°“»√—∫√Õß¡“μ√∞“πºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»‡æ’¬ß arrivals. Last year, the TAT issued ecotourism certifi- πÕâ ¬π¥‘ §Õ◊ ∏√ÿ °®‘ ‡¥π‘ ª“É 4 √“¬, ¥Ÿπ° 4 √“¬, ≈Õà ß·°ßà 5 √“¬ cates to only a handful of tour operators: 4 to jungle ·≈–ªïπ‡¢“ 2 √“¬ trekking, 4 to birdwatching, 5 to whitewater rafting and 2 to rock climbing.  ∂‘쑇À≈à“πÈ’∑”„À⧑¥‰°≈‰ª«à“ ƒÂ„π™à«ß ‘∫ªï∑’˺à“π¡“ °“√ ‡μ‘∫‚μ¢Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»‡ªìπ‰ªμ“¡°√–· ·≈–·√ߺ≈—° With these figures, one can’t help but wonder ¥â“π°“√μ≈“¥ ·≈– çμ“¡¡’μ“¡‡°‘¥é ‡¡Ë◊ÕºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√·≈– whether the growth of ecotourism during the past °“√®—¥°“√·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‰¡à‰¥â¡“μ√∞“π „π∑Ë’ ÿ¥·À≈àß∑àÕß decade was the result of a marketing push that just ‡∑’ˬ«∑’ˇ§¬¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß°Á®–≈à¡ ≈“¬‰ª ®π‡ªìπ‡Àμÿ„ÀâμâÕ߇ªî¥ slid along a haphazard path. With less-than-quali- ·À≈ßà ∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«„À¡Êà ·∫∫ çÕ—π´π’ é ‰¡àÀ¬ÿ¥À¬Õà π ¢¥— ·¬âß°∫— fied operators and management of tourist attractions, ª√—™≠“°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·∫∫Õ’‚§∑—«√å∑’ˇªìπ‰ª‡æË◊Õ¥”√ß Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ once-famous attractions soon go downhill, leading to „Àâ¬ßË— ¬◊π the continual opening up of new “unseen” attractions. Such development is totally contrary to the philoso- phy behind ecotourism which is meant to promote sustainability of the environment. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 3

 “√∫—≠ TABLE OF CONTENTS ∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫» ƒÂ®–À≈ß∑“ß? ECOTOURISM, BENIGN AS IT MAY SOUND? 6 °«“à 1 ∑»«√√…·≈«â ∑°’Ë “√∑Õà ߇∑’¬Ë «‡™ß‘ π‡‘ «»‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ „π ß— §¡‰∑¬ Àπ— °≈∫— ¡“  ”√«® π§È’ ◊Õ°“√∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ «∑Ë√’ —∫º¥‘ ™Õ∫μÕà  ß— §¡·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈Õâ ¡À√Õ◊ „π∑“ß μ√ß°π— ¢“â ¡ Ecotourism has made an inroad into Thai society for over a 6 decade now. Now is a good time to review the situation to see 26 whether ecotourism is indeed accountable to society and the environment – or not. 30 ∫𧫓¡À¡“¬∑’ Ë —∫ π ·μà¥â«¬À≈—°°“√∑™’Ë —¥‡®π 36 ∑à“¡°≈“ߧ«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß™◊ÕË ‡√¬’ ° À“°°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«πμÈ’ Õâ ߇ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ÕË ‡√’¬π√⟠√∫— º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ ß— §¡·≈– ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡§“√æ«≤— π∏√√¡∑Õâ ß∂π‘Ë ·≈–§π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‰¥â √—∫º≈ª√–‚¬™π∑å ‡’Ë ªπì ∏√√¡°Á∂◊Õ«à“‡ªπì  ß‘Ë ‡¥’¬«°π— Confused Definitions but Clear Stance Ecotourism may take on many names. But if it is undertaken for the sake of learning, taking responsibility for society and the environment, showing respect for local cultures and sharing benefits with local people, then the various names it takes can be regarded as one and the same. ™ÿ¡æ√§“∫“πà“ ·¡à·∫∫°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «‡™‘ß𑇫» ‚√ß·√¡∑Ë’„À∑â —ßÈ §«“¡ π°ÿ  π“π ºÕà π§≈“¬ ·≈–‡ª¥î ‚Õ°“ „À≥â‡√’¬π√∂⟠÷ß°“√ ∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ «∑¡’Ë  ’ «à π√—∫º¥‘ ™Õ∫°—∫ ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ·≈– ¿“æ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ √«¡∂÷ß«∂‘ ™’ ’«μ‘ ¢Õß §π‚¥¬√Õ∫ Chumphon Cabana A model of eco-tourism A resort hotel that offers fun, relaxation and an opportunity to learn about tourism which is responsible for all living things, the environment as well as the people’s ways of life. ≈Õ¥√«È— √¡‘ ∑“ß THROUGH THE FENCE 26 ‡∑ˬ’ «‰ª„π· μ¡ªá Journey through Postage Stamps ‡ πâ ∑“ß ’‡¢¬’ « GREEN LINE 30 36 ç¡Õ·°π擇∑¬’Ë «é Hop on a Boat with the Mokens ‡ πâ ∑“ß “¬„À¡à ON A NEW PATH ¥”π”È „π∑–‡≈ «¬-π”È „  (À√◊Õ¢ÿàπ¢πâ ) Diving into the Clear (or Murky) Blue Sea ‡ πâ ∑“߇¥¬’ «°π— ON THE SAME PATH 44 ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «„πæ◊Èπ∑∏Ë’ √√¡™“μ‘ Back to Nature 44 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 4 40

 “√∫≠— TABLE OF CONTENTS 50 56  ¡— ¿“…≥æå ‘‡»…: æ®π“  «π»√’ 50 INTERVIEW: POTJANA SUANSRI 56 ¢“â ¡øÑ“ ACROSS THE SKY §√Èß— Àπ÷Ëß∑’πË §√«—¥ °“≈§√È—ßÀπ÷ßË Õ“√‚å π≈¥å ∑Õ¬πå∫’ π—°ª√–«—μ‘»“ μ√™å “«Õß— °ƒ… ‡§¬∫Õ°«“à See Angkor and dieé ∂ß÷ «π— π’È·¡πâ §√«¥— ®–À≈ÿ¥‚º  ‘ßË ¡À»— ®√√¬¢å Õß‚≈°‰ª·≈«â ·μ¬à ß— ¡’§πÕ°’ ‰¡àπÕâ ¬∑Ë’¬—߇ÀπÁ ¥«â ¬ °—∫§”查¢Õߥ√.™“≠«∑‘ ¬å ‡°…μ√»√‘ ‘ ∑Ë’‡Õଷ°â§”¢ÕßÕ“√å‚π≈¥å ∑Õ¬πå∫’ ∑Ë«’ à“ See Angkor and again and again Once upon a Time in “Angkor Wat” British historian Arnold Toynbee once said: “See Angkor and die.” Although Angkor Wat is no longer on the list of the world’s wonders, many people still agree with Dr. Chanvit Kaset- siri who rephrased Toynbee’s words thus: “See Angkor again and again.” ‡ ¬’ ß™ÿ¡™π COMMUNITY VOICE 62 66 62 °”‰√∑·’Ë ¡°à ”ªÕß Gains for Mae Kam Pong 68 ¡Àß‘  “πâÕ¬...π—°«‘®—¬«—¬‡¬“«å SMALL MAHINGSA...Young Researchers çμâπ°≈“â ·Ààß “¬πÈ”é π”È μ°À«â ¬‚μâ Seedlings of a Waterfall  ·Ë’ ¬°‰ø‡¢¬’ « GREEN INTERSECTION ‡√◊ÕË ß≈°÷ Ê ¢Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« Tourism Insight ‡√ËÕ◊ ß®“°ºâŸÕ“à π FROM THE READERS 72 §«“¡∑√ß®”®“°Õπ‘ ‡¥¬’ Memoirs of India 66 °‘®°√√¡°√¡ DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES 74 72 ‡ªî¥μ«— www.ThaiEcomarket.com-™¡ÿ ™π ¡¬ÿ -≈—πμ“√«à ¡®¥— ¡“μ√∞“π ‚√ß·√¡ ’‡¢¬’ «-©≈“° G A New Website for Green Products and Services ≈âÕ¡°√Õ∫ VIEWFINDER 78 ©‘ßË ©∫— ∑«— √å Boisterous “ching-chub” tour 74 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 5 76

ªπï ‡¢“∑’°Ë √–∫Ë’ Õ‚’ §∑«— √å∑Ë’‰¥√â —∫§«“¡π‘¬¡„π°≈¡ÿà π—°∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«μ“à ß™“μ‘ › ¿“æ‡Õ◊ÈÕ‡øÕóô ‚¥¬∫“ß°Õ°‚æ μå The southern province of Krabi is steadily emerging as a destination for a new breed of adventure travellers who fancy challenges like rock 6 climbing and deæeƒp…-w¿“a§t¡er- s oß‘ lÀo“i§n¡g.2–55P1hoMtoacyou- rAtuegsyusotf2t0h0e8Bangkok Post.

°“√∑àÕ߇∑¬’Ë « ‡™‘ß𑇫» ƒÂ®–À≈ß∑“ß? ‡ ¡Õ™π ∏πæ—∏ Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“¬“«π“π¡“°°«“à 1 ∑»«√√…·≈â«∑°’Ë “√ ®√‘ßÕ¬àŸ«à“°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡ªìπ∏ÿ√°‘®∑’Ë∑”√“¬‰¥â„Àâ°—∫ª√–‡∑» ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»‰¥â√—∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬ ‡°‘¥√Ÿª·∫∫·≈– ¡À“»“≈ ¥â«¬ ¡¡μ‘∞“π∑’Ë«à“°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡ªìπ™àÕß∑“ß ·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ß𑇫»Õ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬ ∑—Èß∑’˪√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®∫â“ß  √â“ß√“¬‰¥∑â Ë√’ «¥‡√Á« ≈ß∑ÿπμ”Ë ∑”„À‡â ¡ÕË◊ ·À≈àß∑Õà ߇∑ˬ’ « ≈⡇À≈«∫â“ß ·μà·∑â®√‘ß·≈⫇°‘¥Õ–‰√¢È÷π∫â“ß ¡’§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ „¥‰¥√â ∫— §«“¡π‘¬¡ ®π‡¡◊ËÕ™à«ß‡«≈“·Ààß°“√°Õ∫‚°¬º“à π  ß— §¡·≈–‡ªπì ¡μ‘ √°∫—  Ë‘ß·«¥≈Õâ ¡®√ß‘ À√Õ◊ ‰¡à ƒÂ«“à ®–À≈ß∑“ß ‰ª ∫“¥·º≈∑’˪√“°ØÕ¬àŸ‡π◊ÕßÊ °Á§◊Õ·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬ Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘∂Ÿ°∫ÿ°√ÿ° ·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡º™‘≠ ‡¡ÕË◊ °“√∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«¡“∂÷ß®¥ÿ ‡ª≈’ˬπ? «≤— π∏√√¡·ª≈°ª≈Õ¡ °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»°≈“¬‡ªìπ°√–· „π —ߧ¡‰∑¬™à«ßª≈“¬ §√—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ°√–· °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»‡°‘¥¢È÷π„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬ ®÷ß ·ºπæ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“μ‘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 7  ¡—¬π—Èπ¡’§” °≈“¬‡ªìπ¿“æ≈—°…≥å„À¡à∑Ë’„§√μàÕ„§√°ÁÕ¬“°·¢«πªÑ“¬ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ °≈à“«¬Õ¥Œ‘μμ‘¥ª“°«à“ ‡»√…∞°‘®¥’  —ߧ¡¡’ªí≠À“ °“√æ—≤π“‰¡à √Ÿª·∫∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑Ë’· ¥ßμ—«μπ∂÷ߧ«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡·≈– ¬ßË— ¬π◊ ππË— ‡æ√“–°“√æ≤— π“μ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“À≈“¬ ∫‘ ª∑ï ºË’ “à π¡“ π∫— μÈ—ß ‡ªπì ¡‘μ√°∫—  ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ECOTOURISM, Benign as It may Sound? Tourism is among the top earners, Samerchon Thanapat particularly if considering its low investment cost as many assumed. a decade and taken many forms. Some succeeded, But when the honeymoon period some did not. After all, is ecotourism really kind to is over, we are left with degraded society and the environment as it may sound? and depleted natural resources, encroached national parks and alien cultures. TOURISM AT A CROSSROADS Ecotourism became a trend toward the end of When ecotourism was first introduced, Thai operators eagerly put up the new name tag to the 7th National Economic and Social Development show they too are socially and environmentally Plan when the sound economy was inflicted with conscious. social problems and unsustainable development. In fact, the previous six plans have caused many social Ecotourism has existed in Thailand for more than and environmental headaches, including abrupt degradation of tourism sites. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 7

≈Õà ß·æ ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡μâπ¢ÕßÕ‚’ §∑—«√¬å §ÿ ·√°Ê › ¿“æ‡Õ◊ÈÕ‡øóÕô ‚¥¬∫“ß°Õ°‚æ μå Bamboo rafting marks an early stage of ecotourism in Thailand. – Photo courtesy of the Bangkok Post ·μ·à ºπæ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘®·Àßà ™“μ©‘ ∫—∫∑Ë’ 1 ‰¥°â àÕ„À⇰¥‘ ª≠í À“ ß— §¡ °”Àπ¥°‘®°√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™ß‘ π‡‘ «»‰«∑â Èß—  È‘π 19 °‘®°√√¡ ‰¥â·°à ·≈– Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬ ‰¡à‡«âπ·¡â·μà°“√ à߇ √‘¡ ‡¥‘πªÉ“ »÷°…“∏√√¡™“μ‘  àÕß —μ«å¥Ÿπ° ‡∑’ˬ«∂È”πÈ”μ° æ“¬‡√◊Õ Õÿμ “À°√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑Ë’·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«μà“ßÊ ¡—°‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡≈ß ¥”πÈ”¥Ÿª–°“√—ß μÈ—ß·§¡ªá ≈àÕß·æ ¢’Ë¡â“π—Ëß™â“ß ∂à“¬√Ÿª∫—π∑÷°¿“æ/ „π™Ë—«æ√‘∫μ“À≈—ß®“°∑¡Ë’ °’ “√‡ªî¥æ◊Èπ∑Ë’μâÕπ√—∫π—°∑Õà ߇∑’¬Ë « ‡ ’¬ß »°÷ …“∑âÕßø“Ñ ¢’®Ë —°√¬“π∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « (‡ Õ◊ ¿Ÿ‡¢“) ªïπ/‰μà‡¢“ μ° ª≈“ ™¡§«“¡ß“¡§«“¡‡°à“·°à≈—°…≥–‡©æ“–μ—«¢Õß·À≈àß ·π«§«“¡§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»´÷Ëß∂◊Õ‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß ª√–«—μ‘»“ μ√å »÷°…“‡√’¬π√Ÿâª√–«—쑧«“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢Õß·À≈àß‚∫√“≥§¥’ ¢Õß°“√æ—≤π“°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑’ˬ—Ë߬◊π ®÷߉¥â√—∫°“√μÕ∫√—∫Õ¬à“ߥ’«à“ ·≈–ª√–«—μ‘»“ μ√å »÷°…“™Ë◊π™¡ß“π»‘≈ª°√√¡·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ √à«¡ ®–‡ªìπ∑“ßÕÕ°„π°“√§≈’˧≈“¬ªí≠À“ ‡æ√“–°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«·∫∫π’È¡àÿß °‘®°√√¡‡√’¬π√âŸæƒμ‘°√√¡¢Õߺ⟧π ·≈–°“√»÷°…“‡√’¬π√⟰“√º≈‘μ „À⇰‘¥°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«·≈–∑√—欓°√ ¢Õß∑’Ë√–≈÷°·≈– ‘π§â“æÈπ◊ ‡¡◊Õß μ“à ßÊ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘ßË √–∫∫π‡‘ «» ¿√“‡¥™ 欗§¶«‘‡™¬’ √ Õ¥μ’ ºŸ«â à“°“√°“√∑Õà ߇∑’¬Ë «·Àßà ª√–‡∑» ·μæà Õ‡»√…∞°®‘ øÕß ∫àŸ·μ°„πªï 2540 ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬μ°Õ¬àŸ„π ‰∑¬ °≈“à «∂ß÷ √Ÿª·∫∫°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «‡™‘ßπ‡‘ «»«à“¡À’ ≈“¬√–¥∫— ‚¥¬„π  ¿“懻√…∞°®‘ ‰¡à¥’  ß— §¡¡’ªí≠À“ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“°Á‰¡à¬ß—Ë ¬π◊ ∏ÿ√°®‘ μà“ߪ√–‡∑»¡—°®–¡’≈—°…≥–°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∏√√¡™“μ‘∫«°°“√º®≠¿—¬ ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«®÷ß∂Ÿ°«“ß„À⇪ìπÀ¡“°μ—« ”§—≠„π°“√°Õ∫°Ÿâ‡»√…∞°‘®™“μ‘ ‡™àπ°“√ ”√«®ªÉ“Õ‡¡´Õπ °“√ªïπ¬Õ¥‡¢“À‘¡“≈—¬ ·μà ”À√—∫ ¥â«¬°“√∑Ë’√—∞∫“≈ª√–°“»„Àâªï 2541 › 2542 ‡ªìπªï Amazing ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ √ªŸ ·∫∫°‘®°√√¡∑Ë’‰¥â√—∫§«“¡π‘¬¡®–¡≈’ —°…≥–‡ªìπ°“√ Thailand À√◊Õªï à߇ √‘¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‰∑¬ ·≈–·πàπÕπ«à“ °“√ ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∏√√¡™“μ‘∫«°°“√º®≠¿—¬·∫∫ÕàÕπÊ ‡™àπ ≈àÕß·°àß π—Ëß ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ß𑇫»¬àÕ¡∂Ÿ°™Ÿ‡ªìπ®ÿ¥¢“¬À≈—°Õ—πÀπË÷ß„π§“√“«“π°“√ ™“â ß À√Õ◊ ¡’≈°— …≥–º ¡º “π«—≤π∏√√¡ ‡™àπ∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ «™¡ÿ ™π™¡«‘∂’ °Ÿ‡â »√…∞°®‘ ™“집 √“«πÈπ— ¥â«¬ ‡°…μ√ ‡ªπì μπâ  ßà ‡ √‘¡°“√∑Õà ߇∑ˬ’ «‡™‘ß𑇫»·∫∫‰∑¬Ê ∑—Èßπ’È°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â‡§¬ ”√«®æ◊Èπ∑Ë’°“√ ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «‡™ß‘ π‡‘ «»‡¡ÕË◊ ª√–¡“≥ 10 ªï∑’Ë·≈«â æ∫«“à ¡®’ ”π«π¡“°∂ß÷ ‡¡Ë◊Õªï 2538 °“√∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«·Àßà ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π∞“π–Àπ૬ߓπ 2,579 ·Ààß ·∫à߇ªìπ·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑“ß∏√√¡™“μ‘ 1,386 ·Ààß μ√ß∑Ë’¥Ÿ·≈·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ‰¥â«à“®â“ß„Àâ ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬ ·≈–·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬««—≤π∏√√¡ 1,193 ·Ààß ‚¥¬®—ßÀ«—¥∑’Ë¡’ «‘∑¬“»“ μ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ («∑.) »÷°…“‡æË◊Õ »—°¬¿“æ Ÿß ‰¥â·°à ‡™’¬ß„À¡à πà“π μ“° ·¡àŒàÕß Õπ  μŸ≈ °”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «‡æËÕ◊ √—°…“√–∫∫𑇫» ‚¥¬∑“ß «∑. ‰¥â 8 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

‡√◊Õ≈“°®ßŸ  ‘ßË ∑‡Ë’ ¢â“¡“·∑π∑‡Ë’ ¡Ë◊Õ‰¡â‰ºà ”À√∫— ≈àÕß·æ‡√¡‘Ë À¡¥‰ª®“°ªÉ“ › ·¡âπ«“¥ °ÿ≠™√ ≥ Õ¬∏ÿ ¬“ Homemade rafts replace those made of bamboo which was over-exploited leading to crackdown by authorities. – Maenwad Kunjara na Ayuttaya Ecotourism was warmly received as a move Himalayas trekking, Thai-styled ecotourism is less towards sustainable tourism and for its conserva- heart-pounding, such as rafting or elephant riding, tion of the environment and resources, notably the or blends with culture such as agro-tour. ecosystem. According to the TAT’s survey conducted a When the economic bubbles burst in 1997, decade ago, Thailand has 2,579 ecotourism sites, tourism was seen as a cure. The Amazing Thailand comprising 1,386 natural sites and 1,193 cultural campaign ran during 1998-1999 to lure overseas sites. Promising destinations include Chiang travelers. Mai, Nan, Tak, Mae Hong Son, Satun, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Chumphon, Krabi, Ranong, ECOTOURISM THE THAI STYLE Kanchanaburi, Trat, Saraburi, Rayong, Loei and In 1995, the TourismAuthority of Thailand (TAT) Mukdahan. commissioned the Thailand Institute of Scientific Ecotourism emerged out of social responsibility and Technological Research (TISTR) to draw up an and environmental concerns. But in Thailand, eco- ecotourism policy. The institute prescribed 19 eco- tourism was born out of the need to cure economic activities: trekking, natural studies, bird-watching,, wounds. Under the Amazing Thailand campaign, cave-waterfall tour, kayaking, snorkeling, camp- ecotourism packages target foreign holiday mak- ing, rafting, elephant ride, audio-visual recording, ers. Budget was injected into promotion, while the sky observation, mountain bike adventure, rock Association of Thai Travel Agents helped exploring climbing, fishing, ancient ruins tour, ancient ruins- old and new traveling routes. The local communi- history studies, handicraft-culture studies, human ties, however, were left unprepared. behavior studies, and handicraft production. Potjana Suansri, of Community-Based Tourism Paradej Payakawichean, former TAT gover- Institute (CBT-I), commented that despite high nor, said there is a variety of ecotourism. While the hope on tourism to revive the ailing economy, man- overseas market favors natural adventures going agement was not well thought out. Even national to the extremes, such as the Amazon exploring or parks, budget was spent on building new struc- 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMaayy--AAuugguusstt22000088 9

¡‘μ√¿“æ√–À«“à ߇®â“∫“â π·≈–ºŸ¡â “‡¬◊Õπ ∫𧫓¡À¡“¬ Tourism could mean friendship between hosts and visitors. ∑’Ë ∫—  π  ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ æß— ß“ ™ÿ¡æ√ °√–∫’Ë √–πÕß °“≠®π∫ÿ√’ μ√“¥  √–∫ÿ√’ √–¬Õß ·μ¥à ⫬À≈°— °“√ ‡≈¬ ·≈–¡ÿ°¥“À“√ ∑™Ë’ ¥— ‡®π À“°®–«à“°—π‰ª·≈â«·¡â√“°∞“π·π«§‘¥¢Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»®–Õ¬àŸ ∑’Ë°“√√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡·≈–‡ªìπ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·μà°“√ à߇ √‘¡¢Õß ‡¡◊ËÕ —° 10 ªï°àÕπ∑’Ë°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»‡ªìπ ‘π§â“ ∫â“π‡√“„π√–¬–μȗ߉¢à°≈—∫μÈ—ßÕ¬àŸ∫π‡ßË◊Õπ‰¢§«“¡μâÕß°“√∂Õπæ‘…‡»√…∞°‘® „À¡à·°–°≈àÕߢÕß —ߧ¡‰∑¬ °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·Ààߪ√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¿“§√—∞‰¥âÀ—π¡“𔇠πÕ°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»¢“¬„Àâ°—∫π—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ‰∑¬‰¥â¢Õ„Àâ√“™∫—≥±‘μ¬ ∂“π°”À𥧫“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ™“«μà“ß™“μ‘„πªï Amazing Thailand ·μà°Á¢“¥°“√®—¥°“√∑Ë’‡ªìπ√–∫∫·≈– »æ— ∑§å ”π’È ‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡„Àâ°—∫™ÿ¡™π„π°“√√Õß√—∫π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ·¡â®–¡’‡¡Á¥‡ß‘π≈ß ‰ª°√–μâÿπ°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«°Áμ“¡ ¢≥–∑’Ë¿“§‡Õ°™π‚¥¬ ¡“§¡‰∑¬∏ÿ√°‘® „π∑’Ë ÿ¥√“™∫—≥±‘μ¬ ∂“π‰¥â∫—≠≠—μ‘»—æ∑委«à“°“√ ∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «°Á‰¥®â ¥—  ”√«®‡ πâ ∑“ß°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «∑ßÈ— „À¡·à ≈–‡°“à ¢πÈ÷ ∑«—Ë ª√–‡∑»‡æÕË’ ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»‰«â À¡“¬∂÷ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑Ë’¡’ ‡ πÕ¢“¬„À°â ∫— ∫√…‘ —∑π”‡∑’ˬ«μà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡Õ°≈—°…≥凩擖∂‘Ëπ ·≈–·À≈àß«—≤π∏√√¡∑Ë’‡°’ˬ«‡π◊ËÕß°—∫ √–∫∫𑇫»  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ‚¥¬¡’ æ®π“  «π»√’ ®“° ∂“∫—π°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π ºâŸ´÷Ëߧ√Ë”À«Õ¥„π °√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ√à«¡°—π¢ÕߺŸâ∑Ë’‡°Ë’¬«¢âÕß ¿“¬„μâ°“√ ·«¥«ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ «∑“߇≈◊Õ°¡“Õ¬à“߬“«π“π „À§â «“¡‡ÀπÁ «“à æÕ‡»√…∞°®‘ ®—¥°“√Õ¬à“ß¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß∑âÕß∂Ë‘π ‡æ◊ËÕ¡ÿà߇πâπ„À⇰‘¥ μ°μ”Ë „πμÕππ—Èπ ∑°ÿ §π‡≈¬¡Õß«à“∑Õà ߇∑’¬Ë «π“à ®–‡ªìπμ—«°«âŸ °‘ ƒμ‡»√…∞°‘®‰¥â ®‘μ ”π÷°μÕà °“√√°— …“√–∫∫π‡‘ «»Õ¬“à ߬Ëß— ¬◊π ·μà°Á‡ªìπ°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑’˧àÕπ¢â“߉√â√–‡∫’¬∫ Õ¬à“ß·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«  à«π„À≠à®–Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¢μÕÿ∑¬“πœ ∑“ßÕÿ∑¬“πœ °Á®–‡ πÕ·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√‡™‘ß ¡‘„™à‡√Ë◊Õß·ª≈°∑Ë’π‘¬“¡§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”«à“°“√∑àÕß ‚§√ß √â“ß¡“°°«à“ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“™à«ßπÈ—π¡’ß∫ª√–¡“≥¡“°¡“¬‡À≈◊Õ‡°‘π„Àâ ‡∑¬Ë’ «‡™ß‘ 𑇫»®–Õ“à π·≈⫇¢â“„®¬“° ‡æ√“–·¡·â μà„π·«¥«ß°“√ Õÿ∑¬“πœ Õÿ∑¬“πœ °Á®–‰ª √â“ß∑Ë’æ—° ≈“π®Õ¥√∂ ‰ª √â“ß ‘Ëߪ≈Ÿ° √â“ß ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡Õß°Á¬—ߧß∂°‡∂’¬ß°—π¥â«¬§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπÕ¬à“ß ·∑π∑’Ë®–æ—≤π“§Õπ‡´ÁªμåÀ√◊Õ°√–∫«π°“√®—¥°“√‡æË◊Õ«“ß·ºπ√–¬–¬“« §◊Õ À≈“°À≈“¬¡“®πª®í ®ÿ∫π— ∑È—ß„π√–¥∫— ·π«§¥‘ √Ÿª·∫∫ À√Õ◊ ¡’°“√‡Õ“‡¡Á¥‡ß‘π¡“°√–μâÿπ°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« À“°·μà∑“ß∑Ë’‰ª §◊Õ‰ª √â“ß∑’Ëæ—° °“√¥”‡ππ‘ °®‘ °√√¡  «à πÀπßË÷ ππË— °‡Á πÕË◊ ß¡“®“°«“à °“√∑àÕß ‡æ◊ËÕ·¢àß°—∫‚√ß·√¡ ‡∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑Ë’‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°´’°‚≈° μ–«—πμ° ·≈–‡ªìπ°√–· ∑Ë’¢¬“¬«ß°«â“߉ª∑Ë—«‚≈°¿“¬À≈—ß  à«π·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«ÕË◊π„π™ÿ¡™π Õ¬à“ß°√¡æ—≤π“™ÿ¡™π À√◊Õ°√¡ àß ®“°∑’Ë¡’°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‚≈°∑Ë’‡¡◊Õß√‘‚Õ ‡¥Õ ®“‡π‚√ ‡ √‘¡°“√‡°…μ√ À≈“¬Àπ૬ߓπ°Á„™â∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‰ª°√–μâÿπ‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õß ª√–‡∑»∫√“´‘≈ ‡¡Ë◊Õªï 2535 ´Ë÷ß™Ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬‡√Ë◊Õß°“√ ™ÿ¡™π ‡¢â“‰ªÕ—¥©’¥ ™«π∑”∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ·μà§π∑Ë’≈߉ª‰¡à¡’§«“¡√⟠‰¡à¡’°“√ æ≤— π“Õ¬“à ß¬ß—Ë ¬π◊ ¥ß— ππÈ— „π«ß°“√Õμÿ  “À°√√¡°“√ ∑Õà ß «“ß·ºπ«à“∂â“®–‡Õ“™ÿ¡™π¡“‡¢â“ Ÿà‡ âπ∑“ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« §«√®–¡’°“√‡μ√’¬¡ ‡∑¬’Ë «®ß÷ μÕâ ߪ√∫— μ—«‡æÕË◊ √«à ¡¢∫«π√∂‚¥¬ “√‡¥¬’ «°—𠧫“¡æ√âÕ¡™ÿ¡™πÕ¬à“߉√ μ√߉Àπ∑Ë’®–‡ªî¥„Àâ¡“∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“„π 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 10

...Most eco-tourists head to national Confused parks, which are under the care of Definitions the National Park, Wildlife and Plant but Clear Conservation Department (previously Stance under the Forestry Department). Some Ecotourism was such a brand-new con- cept in Thailand a decade ago that the parks, such as Doi Inthanon national Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) asked the Royal Institute to define the word. park and Doi Luang Chiang Dao wildlife The institute defines ecotourism as sanctuary both in Chiang Mai province, tourism with unique local identity and cul- tural sources relating to the ecosystem, allow locals to work as porters and tour environment and tourism in which there is a participatory learning process among con- guides and even run training courses cerned parties under the management with local participation in order to instill aware- for them. At many national parks, ness of sustainable ecological conserva- tion. however, the locals have been pushed It is no surprise that such definition is to the sidelines... mind-boggling, even those involved in tour- ism has continued to argue over its concept, tures, such as parking lots and accommodations, compet- form and activities. Partly, that is because ing with hotels, instead of long-term management or con- Thailand has just jumped on the ecotourism cept development. bandwagon that has become a trend from the Western world following the 1992 Earth For destinations in local communities, many agencies, Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which has including the Community Development Department or as its goal sustainable development. the Department of Agricultural Extension, are entrusted with tourism promotion but lack the capability to manage Paradej Payakawichean, former TAT ecotourism sites effectively. They failed to prepare local governor, said sustainable development was people to face up to and participate in the new activity, a constant theme in the Earth Summit and eventually leading to confusing tourism development in had driven change in tourism operations. localities. The fact that tourism in the past consumed huge resources and in many cases hurt the “Many sites and communities keep changing their environment and local communities eventu- name tags to whichever was trendy from eco-tour to home- ally led to the idea of responsible tourism. stay and now community-based tourism,’’ she said. Development of the idea first emerged in the Americas where natural tourism was offered, Without clear direction, deep-seated problems remain such as exploration of the Amazon. But in in many tourist destinations. Thailand indigenous culture has been part and parcel of natural tourism, thus leaving ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS the concept and form of ecotourism activi- Pristine forests, high mountains, adventurous caves ties open for argument. and white-water rafting expeditions are some of the main “Arguments over the definition are still spices that made popular jungle tours in the upper North, going on, depending on varying social con- especially Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Mae Hong Son. texts. All in all, ecotourism is about sustain- able tourism management. If the concept The outdoor adventure would not do without a bon- remains in tact, it would be alright if we label fire to sit around so trees were cut down for firewood and the many activities differently, such as agro- bamboos for raft making. Forests were encroached by tourism, rural way of life tourism, or com- elephant farms and cleared to accommodate tourist infra- munity-based tourism,” he said. structures. Other unpleasant by-product of tourism boom is exploding garbage piles. 11 The South noted for strikingly beautiful sea with its clear blue waters could not escape private operators wear- ing ecotourism hats. Underwater adventurers are finding the waters near Koh Mah, Koh Kradan, Koh Chueak, Koh Hey and Koh Adang-Rawi increasingly crowded. The uncontrolled diving industry has disturbed coral reefs 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088

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癡 «πé ‡√¬’ π√Ÿâ«‘∂’™¡ÿ ™π “Orchard Tour” – a way to see community life. The concept he referred to must sat- isfy all four requirements: and other marine organisms. During the long holidays, the sites have turned into slum communities in the middle of the Firstly, ecotourism is a mixture of ocean. pleasure and education. Visitors enjoy and at the same time experience and ALIEN CULTURE AND THE HUMAN ZOO learn new things. The heart of ecotourism is its learning value, where visi- Secondly, ecotourism is social and tors absorb, are aware of and respect local culture and environ- environmental friendly. Visitors are not ment. This is not the case for operators who put on a nature- invaders but have respect for local cul- friendly label, but harm indigenous cultures and traditions a ture and livelihood as well as nature and great deal. the environment. Ms. Potjana said the locals have become objects of photo- Thirdly, ecotourism is not based on shooting. Visitors have misconceptions about ethnic cultures. customer-seller relationships where cus- She attributed such cultural hazards to failure of government tomers are always right. It is all about officers to educate visitors and prepare the local communi- guest-host where the host has the say. ties. This way, community decides on what course to take. One of the most regrettable examples is the sacred swing ceremony to worship the ancestors of an indigenous tribe Lastly, a fair share in tourism ben- along a jungle tour route in Mae Hong Son which was nor- efits must go into the pockets of the mally performed annually. They now jump on a swing at the locals. The cost of tourism is more than request of tour guides just to entertain visitors, thereby debas- just lodging, transportation and invest- ing their long-held traditional beliefs. ment, but also nature and local culture. The locals as the owners or caretakers Uninformed visitors put on skimpy dresses and uninten- of the resources must have a fair slice of tionally engage in activity with sexual overtones in a way or a tourism pie. place which is deemed as disrespectful to the local culture Be it trekking, rafting, elephant Homestay tourism also brought shocking social prob- ride, homestay at hill-tribe villages, fruit lems. From his experience in ecotourism management in the orchard tour or firefly-watching cruise, South, Jidsak Putjorn, of Walailak University, reported in 2002 without all four elements it is not at all ecotourism and inconsistent with sus- 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 tainable tourism development. 13

ç ¡¡μ«‘ “à ™¡ÿ ™π¡∑’ ß—È À¡¥ 50 À≈ß— §“‡√Õ◊ π ·≈«â ¡’ 15 À≈ß— §“ °“√∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë « ‡√Õ◊ π∑¡’Ë “∑”°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ « ∑‡Ë’ À≈Õ◊ ‡ªπì  ¡“™°‘ ∑“ß ß— §¡„π¥“â π °—∫‡»√…∞°‘® Õπ◊Ë ´ß÷Ë °“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «¡º’ ≈°√–∑∫∑ß—È ∫«°·≈–≈∫ ¥ß— ππ—È ‰¡à„™«à “à ‰∑¬ ‡¡ÕË◊ ¡π’ °— ∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «¡“·≈«â 15 À≈ß— §“‡√Õ◊ ππ√’È «¬Õ¬“à ߇¥¬’ « ·μ°à “√∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «μÕâ ߉¡∑à ”≈“¬Õ°’ 35 §√«— ‡√Õ◊ π ·≈–μÕâ ß„Àâ „π∫∑§«“¡ ç∫∑∫“∑°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ‡¢“‰¥ªâ √–‚¬™πå‚¥¬ÕÕâ ¡¥«â ¬é› ¿√“‡¥™ 欧— ¶«‡‘ ™¬’ √ ® “ ° μà “ ß ™ “ μ‘ μà Õ ‡ » √ … ∞ °‘ ® ‰ ∑ ¬ é ¢Õß°√¡‡»√…∞°‘®°“√§≈—ß°≈à“« μÕà ·æ„π°“√≈Õà ß≈”π”È °“√∑”≈“¬ª“É Õ—π‡πËÕ◊ ß¡“®“°°“√‡≈’¬È ß™â“ß °“√‡æË¡‘ ¢π÷È ¢Õߢ¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬ «à“À“°®”π«ππ—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«μà“ß ·≈–ªí≠À“°“√∫ÿ°√°ÿ æπÈ◊ ∑’ªË “É ‡æÕ◊Ë ‡ªπì ·À≈àß∑Õà ߇∑’ˬ« ª√–‡∑»‡æË‘¡¢È÷π 100,000 §π ®– àß º≈∑”„Àâ√“¬‰¥â®“°°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« πÕ°®“°∏ÿ√°‘®∑—«√åªÉ“∑“ß¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ·≈â« ¿“§„μâ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡‚¥¥‡¥àπ·≈– «¬ß“¡¥â“π ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥ 3,700 ≈â“π∫“∑ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“μ‘∑“ß∑–‡≈°Á‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫‡™àπ°—π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¿“§∏ÿ√°‘®‡Õ°™π®”π«π¡“° ∑”„Àâ¥ÿ≈∫—≠™’‡¥‘π –æ—¥‡°‘π¥ÿ≈‡æ‘Ë¡ ∑Èß— „π§√“∫°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «‡™ß‘ π‡‘ «»·≈–°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «∑Ë«— ‰ª μ“à ß欓¬“¡„™‡â  πàÀå¢ÕßÀ≈“¬æÈπ◊ ∑’Ë ¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥ 100 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å ‡ªìπ®ÿ¥¢“¬∑“ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‚¥¬¡‘‰¥â§”π÷ß∂ß÷ º≈°√–∑∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ Õ“∑‘ °“√¥”πÈ”∑’ˇ°“–¡â“  À√—∞ ·≈–¡’ à«π π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ GDP ‡°“–°√–¥“π ‡°“–‡™◊Õ° ‡°“–‡Œ ‡°“–Õ“¥—ß√“«’ ´Ë÷߇ªìπ·À≈àß∑Ë’¡’»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√√Õß√—∫π—°  “¡“√∂¢¬“¬μ—«‡æË‘¡¢È÷π®“°°√≥’ ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «Õ¬“à ß®”°—¥ ·μ°à ≈∫— ¡’®”π«ππ—°∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ «„πª√‘¡“≥∑¡’Ë “°‡°π‘ °«à“∑’ËæπÈ◊ ∑®Ë’ –√Õß√—∫‰¥â ∞“π (Baseline) ∑’Ë√âÕ¬≈– 0.15 ®÷ß àߺ≈‡ ’¬À“¬μàÕª–°“√—ß·≈– Ë‘ß¡’™’«‘μ„π∑âÕß∑–‡≈ ¬Ë‘ß„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈«—πÀ¬ÿ¥ æ∫«à“¡’ μàÕªï ª√¡‘ “≥π—°∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ «¡“°®π‡°¥‘  ¿“槫“¡«àÿ𫓬 °≈“¬‡ªìπ™ÿ¡™π·ÕÕ¥— °≈“ß∑Õâ ß∑–‡≈ „π™à«ß∑’˺à“π¡“ ¿“§°“√∑àÕß «≤— π∏√√¡·ª≈°ª≈Õ¡°—∫°“√∂°Ÿ ¡Õß«“à ‡ªπì ¢Õß·ª≈° ‡∑Ë’¬«∂◊Õ«à“¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠μàÕ‡»√…∞°‘® ‰ ∑ ¬ Õ ¬à “ ß ¡ “ ° ‚ ¥ ¬ ¡’  — ¥  à « π „ π À—«„®¢âÕÀπ÷ËߢÕß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ß𑇫» §◊Õ°“√ √â“ß°√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ√–À«à“ßπ—°∑àÕß º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¡«≈√«¡¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ‡∑’ˬ«°—∫™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡ª√–∑—∫„® §«“¡‡¢â“Õ°‡¢â“„® ·≈–®‘μ ”π÷°∑Ë’¥’„π°“√ (GDP)  Ÿß∂÷ß°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 6.3 ·≈–§‘¥ √—°…“ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–‡§“√æ«—≤π∏√√¡∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·μà°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â·μà ‡ªìπ —¥ à«πª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 50 ¢Õß ‡ª≈Õ◊ ° À≈“¬§√ß—È °≈∫—  ßà º≈‡ ¬’ μÕà «≤— π∏√√¡·≈–ª√–‡æ≥¥’ ßÈ— ‡¥¡‘ ‡ªπì Õ¬“à ß¡“° ¡≈Ÿ §“à °“√ ßà ÕÕ°¿“§∫√°‘ “√ (Export of Services) ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ „πªï 2550 π—° æ®π“  «π»√’ °≈à“««“à „πÀ≈“¬™¡ÿ ™π∑’Ë¢“¥°“√‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√Õâ ¡ ·≈–Àπ«à ¬ß“π∑Ë ’ àß ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«μà“ß™“μ‘¡’®”π«π∑—Èß ‘Èπ ‡ √‘¡¢“¥§«“¡‡¢â“„® °“√π”∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡¢â“‰ª„πÀ¡àŸ∫â“π°Á‰¡à·μ°μà“ß®“°°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·∫∫ 14,464,228 §π §“¥°“√≥å√“¬‰¥â ‡¥¡‘ Ê §Õ◊ ™“«∫â“π°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡ª“Ñ „Àπâ —°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «∂“à ¬√Ÿª ‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ¢Õß·ª≈° ·≈–‡°¥‘ ∑»— π§μ‘ ª√–¡“≥ 535,000 ≈â“π∫“∑ º¥‘ Ê ‡πË◊Õß®“°‰¡à‰¥‡â μ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√Õâ ¡™ÿ¡™π ·≈–‰¡à‰¥‡â μ√¬’ ¡§«“¡æ√Õâ ¡¢Õßπ—°∑Õà ߇∑ˬ’ ««à“  “¡“√∂¢¬“¬μ—«‡æ‘Ë¡¢È÷π√âÕ¬≈– 10.9 §«√ªØ∫‘ μ— ‘μ«— Õ¬à“߉√ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫ªï∑’˺à“π¡“  à«π„πªï 2551 ∑∑∑. §“¥«à“®–¡’π—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« μ«— Õ¬à“ß∑ˇ’ ÀπÁ ™¥— „π°√≥’«—≤π∏√√¡·≈–ª√–‡æ≥’¥È—߇¥‘¡‰¥√â ∫— º≈°√–∑∫ §◊Õæπ’Ë Õâ ß™π‡º“à ª√–¡“≥ 15.37 ≈â“π§π √“¬‰¥â®“° „π‡ âπ∑“ß∑—«√åªÉ“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬ˑ߄π®—ßÀ«—¥·¡àŒàÕß Õ𠇙àπ æ‘∏’‚≈♑ߙⓠæ‘∏’‰À«âº’∑’ˇ¥‘¡ π—°∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ «μà“ß™“μ®‘ –‡æ¡‘Ë ¢π÷È „πÕμ— √“ ®—¥¢÷Èπªï≈–§√È—ßμ“¡«‘∂’°“√¥”√ß™’«‘μÕ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡ °Á°≈—∫∂Ÿ°π”¡“· ¥ß´È”Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ πÕߧ«“¡ √âÕ¬≈– 10 À√◊Õ¡’√“¬‰¥âª√–¡“≥ Õ¬“°¥Ÿ¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ∑”„Àâª√–‡æ≥’·≈–§«“¡‡™Ë◊Õμà“ßÊ ¡’¡“™â“π“π°≈—∫§≈Õπ·§≈π 589,000 ≈â“π∫“∑ ‡√¬’ °«à“ “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫μ— ‰‘ ¥â∑ÿ°‡«≈“μ“¡∑’πË —°∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ «√Õâ ߢÕÀ√Õ◊ ¡—§§ÿ‡∑»°å Ëß— °“√ ªí®®ÿ∫—π¬—߉¡à¡’°“√®—¥‡°Á∫μ—«‡≈¢ πÕ°®“°π’È °“√¢“¥°“√„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®·°àπ—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß ∫àÕ¬§√ȗ߬—ß°àÕ  ∂‘μ‘√“¬‰¥â®“°°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ß𑇫» „À⇰‘¥æƒμ‘°√√¡∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡“– ¡ ‡™àπ °“√·μàß°“¬≈àÕ·À≈¡ æƒμ‘°√√¡∑“߇æ»∑’˺‘¥ °“≈– ·μàÀ“°æ‘®“√≥“®“° ∂‘μ‘¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈π—° ‡∑»– ´÷ßË ∂Õ◊ ‡ªìπ°“√≈∫À≈Ÿ«à —≤π∏√√¡∑Õâ ß∂πË‘ ∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «„πÕ∑ÿ ¬“π·Àßà ™“μ∑‘ ®Ë’ ¥— ∑”‚¥¬ °√¡Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘  —μ«åªÉ“ ·≈– „π°“√º≈—°¥—π„À⇰‘¥‚Œ¡ ‡μ¬å„πæ◊Èπ∑Ë’μà“ßÊ À≈“¬·Ààß°Á‡°‘¥ªí≠À“Õ¬à“߉¡à§“¥§‘¥ ®“° æ—π∏ÿåæ◊™ ´Ë÷ß∂◊Õ‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß°“√ °“√ª√–¡«≈ª√– ∫°“√≥å°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ß𑇫»¿“§„μâ∑’Ë𔇠πÕ„πªï 2545 ¢Õß ∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «‡™ß‘ π‡‘«» ®–æ∫«“à „π™«à ß 10 ªï Õ“®“√¬å®‘μ»—°¥‘Ï æÿ≤®√  “¢“°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫» ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬«≈—¬≈—°…≥å æ∫ ∑ºË’ “à π¡“ (2541-2550) π°— ∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ « «à“∫“ßÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π°≈“¬‡ªìπ·À≈àß∫√‘°“√∑“߇æ»∑Ë’Õ¬àŸ„π√Ÿª°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«™ÿ¡™π ®π°≈“¬‡ªìπ ∑¬Õ¬≈¥≈ß ®“° 16.8 ≈â“π§π„πªï ªí≠À“ ß— §¡ ·≈–‰¡àÕ“®øóôπøŸ ¿“æ«‘∂™’ ’«‘μ¥—ß‡¥‘¡‰¥â 2541 ‡À≈Õ◊ ‡æ¬’ ß 12.2 ≈“â π§π ´ß÷Ë  «π∑“ß°“√μ«— ‡≈¢°“√‡æ¡‘Ë ¢÷πÈ ¢Õßπ—° √“¬‰¥°â √–®°ÿ §«“¡‡¥Õ◊ ¥√Õâ π°√–®“¬ ∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «‚¥¬√«¡ ¡’ß“π«‘®—¬®”π«π¡“°„π¬ÿ§∑Ë’™Ë◊Õ°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»¢“¬¥’√–∫ÿ«à“ √“¬‰¥â®“°°“√ ∑àÕß ‡∑Ë’¬«„π√Ÿª·∫∫∑—«√å∏√√¡™“μ‘°Á¡’≈—°…≥–‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«·∫∫Õ◊ËπÊ π—Ëπ§◊Õ°“√ 14 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

(∫π) ¥”π”È -ªπï ‡¢“ ∑’‡Ë °“–‚楓 °√–∫’Ë › ∑√æ— ¬“°√∏√√¡™“μ∑‘ “ß∑–‡≈§◊Õμâπ∑πÿ √“§“∂Ÿ°¢ÕßÕ’‚§∑—«√‡å ¡Õ◊ ߉∑¬ Tourism › ¿“æ‡ÕÕÈ◊ ‡øôÕó ‚¥¬∫“ß°Õ°‚æ μå and the (Above) A quiet corner of Koh Poda island in Krabi where the competitors Thai gathered for deep-water soloing. Marine natural resources are cheap capital of ecotourism in Thailand. – Photo courtesy of the Bangkok Post Economy In an article “The Role of Foreign Tourists on the Thai Economy,” the Fiscal Policy Office estimated that an increase of 100,000 foreign visitors would boost tourism revenue by 3.7 billion baht or US$100 million extra in current account surplus and a 0.15 percentage rise in GDP from baseline annually. Over the past years, tourism has been a leading economic driver, repre- senting 6.3% of the GDP and half of the country’s export of services. Last year saw the arrival of 14,464,228 foreign holiday-makers who spent about 535 billion baht ($16.17 billion), up 10.9% from the previous year. This year, the Tourism Authority of Thailand hopes to welcome 15.37 mil- lion foreign visitors and collect 589 bil- lion baht ($17.8 billion) in revenue or a rise of 10%. The country has not compiled sta- tistics on ecotourism revenue. Based on the compilation of the National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department which oversees most eco- tourism sites, however, the past decade witnessed a decline in tourist arrivals from 16.8 million in 1998 to 12.2 million last year. that many villages were turned into a red-light district, caus- 15 ing irreparable damage to the society and the traditional way of life. FEW BENEFITS AT THE COST OF MANY Researches confirmed that ecotourism is no different from other forms of tourism when it comes to income distribu- tion. Most of the profit went into the pockets of tour opera- tors, guides and community leaders. The little number of local people is employed at meager rate, or less than hundred baht (about US$3) a day. The whole community, however, suffered from environmental degradation. A true reflection is the plight of Kayah community in Huay Pong On and the Black Lahu tribal community in Ban Boh Krai in the northern province of Mae Hong Son which 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088

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Analyzing the Tourism Management Structure ‡√Õ◊ ¬πμ™å ¡Àß‘Ë ÀÕâ ¬π∫— √Õâ ¬≈”°”≈ß— ‡ªπì ¥“∫ Õߧ¡¢Õß°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «Õ¡— æ«“ › The Tourism Promotion Organization was first set up in 1960 under Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat’s ¿“æ‡ÕÕ◊È ‡øÕôó ‚¥¬∫“ß°Õ°‚æ μå administration. It was upgraded to the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) in 1979. A billboard advertises cruises on Klong Amphawa. More than 100 boat operators offer firefly tours in the district. The service A major shake-up took place in 2002 with the has drawn numerous complaints from canalside residents establishment of the Ministry of Tourism and Sports. about loud engine noise and disturbance to their daily life. A major part of the TAT’s responsibility was transferred – Photo courtesy of the Bangkok Post to the ministry’s Office of Tourism Development, leav- ing the TAT with only public relations and marketing made headlines several years ago. The village tasks. headmen owned accommodations, while villagers sold handicrafts or worked as porters. The villages A year later, the Designated Areas for Sustainable were clogged with garbage and elephants raised in Tourism Administration (DASTA) was formed under the village for elephant incursions trampled on vil- the direction of the Prime Minister’s Office. It was lagers’ farmland. entrusted with declaring special development zones and cooperating with related agencies to ensure Another example is a troop of long-tailed development of such designated areas. boats in their hundreds taking visitors on firefly- watching trips which prompted canal-side resi- The new agency is not alone outside the min- dents to cut down Lamphu trees, the firefly habi- istry’s umbrella. Many agencies were left out after tat, in Samut Songkram’s Amphawa district. The the overhaul, including the National Park, Wildlife ecotourism bonanza has not only affected prawn and Plant Conservation Department which oversees fishing, the main career of many locals, but noisy many tourism sites and have contributed a great deal tourists and the noise and lights from tourist boats to tourism promotion. have disturbed their sleep. The new structure has thus drawn much criticism Mr. Paradej suggested fair distribution of for steering away from a holistic approach toward income as a solution. tourism management even though the rationale for setting up a new ministry was to enable more efficient “In a community of 50 households, if 15 fami- and speedy performance. lies engage in tourism and make it rich, other 35 families must not sacrifice. They too must enjoy 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 some kind of indirect benefits,’’ he said. TRAVELING IN THE PARK WITH COMMUNITY AT THE SIDELINES Most eco-tourists head to national parks, which are under the care of the National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department (previously under the Forestry Department). Some parks, such as Doi Inthanon national park and Doi Luang Chiang Dao wildlife sanctuary both in Chiang Mai province, allow locals to work as porters and tour guides and even run training courses for them. At many national parks, however, the locals have been pushed to the sidelines. Pagagayoh (Karen) people have managed their own tourism services and reportedly have been at loggerheads with Mae Surin Waterfall national park in Chiang Mai. 17

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Ms. Potjana said park officials saw the tourist not work in the farms because they were busy wel- spot as part of the park, while the people claimed coming tourists. The local way of life and commu- it belonged to the community. Local guides have nity charm eventually disappeared. overlapped with park officials who also double as tour guides. Dispute intensified when the locals Mr. Paradej stressed that tourism is a relatively opposed the park’s plan to develop landscape new occupation to villagers. They are like amateur which might cost them their homes in the park. chess players who enjoy winning a pawn once in a Public hearing was held to clear the air. while but head into checkmate and lose all at the very end because they are unable to see the long- “Eco-tours do not necessarily translate into term threats. The authorities who oversee ecotour- local participation. The strength of the commu- ism promotion must be able to execute the chess nity and local contexts are what make their voice plan and see the moves ahead. heard,’’ she said. THE MONSOON OF SUCCESS TOO MANY TOURISTS NOT ALWAYS GOOD Yao Noi Island in Phangnga province won the Any community which is not well-prepared Destination Stewardship Award from the National and managed cannot cope with an influx of eco- Geographic Traveler magazine in 2003 for their tourists. Amphawa serves as a perfect example. excellent homestay services. Such accolade was a real crowd-puller. Hotels shortly sprouted up in Mr. Paradej compared the popularity of firefly- Koh Yao Noi as well as nearby Koh Yao Yai, push- watching cruises to a forest run-off. Everyone kept ing land prices up almost threefold. pumping in water until it became a flood and they could not survive it. When they finally became Ms. Potjana said the peaceful Koh Yao was conscious, the tide of tourism had gone elsewhere. previously overlooked because the beach is not all that attractive nor was the rock-strewn water fit for Another striking example is a grandma who swimming. As far as investment prospects go, it is sold Thai sweets at Koh Kred in Nonthaburi. To not as promising as Phangnga, Krabi or Phuket. But keep up with a deluge of tourists, the grandma its global accreditation and natural serenity caused a doubled her production output. By the time she rethink in the investors’ circle. The island’s serenity, tripled her output, she had to call it quits after fall- rather than its attractive beaches, became a draw- ing ill and spending untold amount of money on ing card. If the visitors want to swim, they could do medical bills due to overwork, Mr. Paradej said. so in the hotel pool, and if they wish to take a stroll In other trendy destinations, the villagers could Chumphon Cabana A model of eco-tourism Story/photos: Kuchart Kunjara na Ayutthaya On Phetkasem highway from Bangkok to Chumphon, we turned left and proceeded for 18 kilometers before arriving at a small junction where there is a signpost on the left showing a road to Thung Wua Laen beach. Along that road we shortly arrived at the beach. We were a bit taken aback as we arrived at Chumphon Cabana, a hotel and resort. The path leading to the compound is different from those normally seen at other hotels. There, on the right side of the small road §√Õ∫§√«— π°— ∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ «°∫— ≥ ¡ÿ¡Àπ÷ßË ¢Õß «π‡æ≈‘π A family of tourists enjoy activities at Plearn Garden. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 19

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along a beautiful beach, they could jump on a boat treehouses, platforms, cables and “sky bridges” to to go to one nearby. Without state control, specula- cover a distance of some two kilometers.) tors rushed in to Koh Yao and land changed hands quickly as prices moved up in a spiral. SUCCESS DID HAPPEN Ecotourism has nevertheless created additional “Of course, the community is affected, if we view seaside land plots, which have changed own- income in many communities and become a pow- ership, as community assets. But the locals are not erful tool for community development. disturbed. They do not bank on beaches for a liv- ing, but the sea. The rise of hotels and resorts do not Mr. Paradej cited Lee Led village in Surat bother them as much as big trawlers that take away Thani’s Phunphin district as a case in point. The sea animals from their fishing areas (as they are community originally wanted nothing to do with small-scale fishing folks). We have to wait and see tourism, but ecotourism was brought in to high- the long-term impacts. At the moment, the social light their struggle against commercial trawlers, landscape has changed. Previously, all island- which ravaged the marine ecosystem and fish ers knew one another. With the hotels and resorts population. They took tourists on boat rides to a employing outsiders, social problems may erupt,’’ mangrove forest in their relentless efforts to restore she said. nature. With the forest restored, abundant marine animals returned which provided them with addi- Besides Koh Yao Noi, other ecotourism sites tional income. The villagers’ strong will and their have borne the brunt of fame and success. Mae partnership with outsiders have eventually sharply Kham Pong village in Mae On district of the north- discouraged destructive fishing by trawlers. ern tourist city of Chiang Mai is at the crossroads with an investor running an excursion called “Flight Ms. Potjana said many northern tribes adapt of the Gibbons” in a lush forest they have been ecotourism for their cultural survival and self taking care of. (The tour mimics the way gibbons pride. Tourism served as a bridge to communicate negotiate their way through the forest with use of with the outsiders, breaking down the stereotypes and prejudices that hilltribe people were unclean §ÿ≥μà“¬°”≈ß— ‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑’¬∫§≥ÿ ≈—°…≥–¢Õߢ⓫°àÕπ°“√ ’·≈– sat a car park in the middle of greenery. On the left, which is next to the beach, there is a multi-purpose single-storey building adjacent to a res- ¢“â «∑ ’Ë ’·≈â« taurant with a wooden structure supporting a thatched roof made with dry palm leaves. Deeper along the road is a reception house made of mostly Khun Tai shows paddy and rice, before and natural materials. after milling We were surprised by how Chumphon Cabana was different from other resorts we had seen. Most five-star hotels and resorts can be found in major cities and hot tourist spots. Chumphon Cabana, on the other hand, deserves six stars – not only because it is outstanding for its many activities to boost tourism and services of a high standard but also because of its eco-tourism activi- ties which blend in with environmental conservation which is both broad and deep as well as practical. Not only that tourists, foreign and Thai alike, can experience fun and relaxation staying at Chumphon Cabana, they can, to a certain extent, also become aware of their responsibility for all living things and the environ- ment. We met only briefly with Varisorn Rakphan, the owner of the resort, who was at the time busy giving a lesson to a group of diving novices. However, we were treated to an informative introduction of the resort by his representative, Suchawalee Vanichacheeva or Khun Tai who has long been an important asset of the place. She showed us the resort and briefed us on how it came to be what it is today. In its early stage, the resort’s main activities offered snorkeling, coral boat trips and island sightseeing trips. All the activities had as their theme the marine environmental and coral conservation. When the resort became widely known, it expanded its activities to include forest and wildlife sightseeing trips and visits to local communities to experience the local way of life. Owner Varisorn’s natural conservation- mindedness and interest in communities drew respect from the locals and helped form an interdependent community tourism network that has held together for over 15 years of the resort’s existence. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 21

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Õ—π‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ∑Ë’¡“®“°·π«§‘¥„π°“√ ∑¥≈Õß∑Ë’‡√’¬∫ßà“¬‚¥¬∑¥≈Õß∑—Èß„π‡™‘ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–™’«¿“æ ‰¡à‰¥â‡πâπ‰ª »÷°…“∏√√¡™“μ‘¢Õß ¥√.™—¬Õπ—πμå  ¡ÿ∑«“π‘™ «à“ ç„Àâ°“√»÷°…“∑Ë’ ¥â“π„¥¥â“πÀπ÷Ëß ·μà‡πâπ∫Ÿ√≥“°“√·∫∫§√∫«ß®√‚¥¬¬—ߧ߬÷¥À≈—°°“√ ‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈°—πé ‚¥¬‡™Ë◊Õ«à“ °“√»÷°…“®–‡°‘¥ª√–‚¬™π剥âμàÕ‡¡◊ËÕ play + „π·π«√–∫∫𑇫»«∑‘ ¬“. Õ“∑‘ 22 æ情ƒ¿…“¿§“¡§¡- - ‘ß À‘ß“À§“¡§¡2525151 MMaayy -- AAuugguusstt 22000088

and destroyed the environment. In fact, they have wisdom and can live in harmony with forests. FORWARD LOOKING ç∑Õºâ“é ≈ß¡Õ◊ ∑” ¡‘„™à·§à‡æ’¬ß¡“∂à“¬√Ÿª·≈–™¡ ç¢Õß·ª≈°é More and more tourists have become more Visitors to villages offering community tourism can have a ecologically and socially sensitive, but they remain hands-on experience with local life like weaving cloth the old- a tiny part of the whole. fashione way Mr. Paradej likened mainstream tourism to the rural and urban, i.e. the guests and the hosts. weeds, which spread more quickly than jasmine Mr. Paradej said the rural people are at a disadvan- rice. While we grow more rice, we need to find tage. Economically, they do not possess investment ways to control and utilize weeds at the same time. skills. Socially, they could not make their voices The wrongs of mainstream tourism must be righted heard, particularly in trying to exert influence in and operator ethics must be promoted. policy making. They also lacks knowledge about globalization. Their local wisdom cannot help Ms. Potjana shared the view that many tour- them master computer, accounting and marketing. ism sites have done a good job. But when looking They thus often are taken advantage of. at the big picture, the government lacks clear and practical plans. “Has there been progress in terms of manage- ment of tourist destinations after a decade of eco- tourism? I am not sure. In regard to its learning val- ues, some places have improved their information media and nature study trails. Still, community rarely plays a part in decision-making. The sharing of benefits with communities remains unfair,’’ she said. A big stumbling block is a huge gap between ¿“æ∑√ª‘ °‘®°√√¡°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «μ“à ßÊ¢Õß™¡ÿ æ√§“∫“π“à An area behind the resort has gradually been turned into grounds for physical and biological experiments. Photo displays on a wall advertise various tours and activities Emphasis is not placed on any single aspect but on a on offer at Chumphon Cabana. holistic eco-friendly approach. The activities include: However, the economic meltdown of 1997 had hit Production of bio-energy. Animal waste and used the resort’s business hard. But, Mr. Varisorn’s strong vegetable oil are used to produce energy and labour- determination, managed to push the resort through the saving devices were invented. crisis. Treatment of wastes. Wastewater is treated with Crisis turned into opportunity when he later met water plants. Human waste is turned into fertilizer which Vivat Salyakamthorn, who introduced to him various the staff nicknamed the “Globe Brand international fer- projects based on His Majesty the King’s theory of suf- tilizer.” Leftover food is made into compost and waste ficiency economy. from fruits and plants is fermented and made into a bio- extracted cleaning liquid. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 Integrated farming management. Raising fish in a pond of treated wastewater. Raising chickens which produce eggs for guests and employees. Growing of herbal plants to produce shampoo and soap for guests and sale as souvenirs to help families of employees make a supplementary income. Cultivation of rice using bio-fertiliser. A campaign for villagers living nearby to grow rice of Luang Prathiew strain, using bio-fertiliser, and sell their produce to the resort. Growing plants with the four-level farming theory (Growing plants on different ground levels to make full use of land). Opening of Tree Bank, Chumphon Cabana branch, with participation of villagers from Phato district. The grounds for these experiments are marked with simple signs and collectively called “Plearn (Play + Learn) Garden”, based on Dr. Chai-anand Samudavanija’s idea of “complementary study” of nature. The idea is based on the belief that education can be effective by com- 23

μ≈“¥π”È ‡ªπì ®ÿ¥¥ß÷ ¥Ÿ¥π°— ∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«μ“à ß™“μ‘∑Ë’μâÕß°“√‡√¬’ π√⟫‘∂’™’«‘μ™“«μ–«—πÕÕ° ∑”„ÀâÀ≈“¬·Àßà øπôó øŸμ≈“¥πÈ”‚∫√“≥°≈∫— ¡“Õ’°§√ß—È μ≈“¥π”È Õ—¡æ«“ („π¿“æ) ‡ªìπ·ÀàßÀπßË÷ ∑‡’Ë ªìπ∑Ë’ 𬑠¡¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «‰∑¬·≈–‡∑» › ¿“æ‡ÕÕ◊È ‡øôóÕ‚¥¬∫“ß°Õ°‚æ μå Floating markets have attracted foreign tourists to learn the way of the East, leading to the revitalization of many old markets. The Amphawa floating market (photo) is popular among both Thai and foreign tourists. – Photo courtesy of the Bangkok Post 24 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

™“μ‘ ‚¥¬À«—ß«à“®– “¡“√∂∫Ÿ√≥“°“√°“√∑”ß“π¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπμà“ßÊ Mr. Paradej suggested top-down policy and ∑Ë’‡°’ˬ«¢âÕ߉¥â √«¡∑—È߬—߇ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ¡’°“√μ—Èߧ≥–°√√¡°“√„π bottom-up community preparation as the way- √–¥—∫æÈ◊π∑Ë’‡æË◊Õ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂¥Ÿ·≈·≈–®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕß outs. ‡∑Ë’¬«„π∑Õâ ß∂‘πË ‰¥â Õ¬“à ߉√°Áμ“¡ À“°‰¡à¡’°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈¬Ë’ π‚§√ß √“â ß °“√∫√‘À“√ß“π√“™°“√‡æË◊Õ„Àâ Õ¥√—∫ °ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“«°Á¡‘Õ“®‡°‘¥ Much hope has been put on the Tourism and ª√–‚¬™πå Sports Ministry, which was established in 2002, and the National Tourism Policy Act to integrate ¿√“‡¥™°≈à“««“à °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡ªìπ‡√Ë◊Õß∑’¡Ë ’Àπà«¬ß“π‡°¬Ë’ «¢Õâ ß works among related agencies and promote ‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“° ·¡â®–¡’°√–∑√«ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·≈–°’Ó°Áμ“¡ °Á public participation in tourism management ‰¡à„™à¥Ÿ·≈ß“π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ Õ¬à“ß·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑“ß∏√√¡™“μ‘°ÁÕ¬Ÿà„π via grassroots panels. However, administrative §«“¡¥Ÿ·≈¢Õß°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“μ‘·≈– Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·À≈àß structure has not been reformed accordingly. ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡¢÷Èπ°—∫°√–∑√«ß«—≤π∏√√¡ ·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ∑“ß°“√‡°…μ√‰ª‡°’ˬ«°—∫°√–∑√«ß‡°…μ√·≈– À°√≥å ‡√Ë◊Õß Mr. Paradej said the new ministry is not the ‚§√ß √â“ßæ◊Èπ∞“πæ«°∂ππÀπ∑“߇ªìπß“π¢Õß°√–∑√«ß§¡π“§¡ sole agency responsible for tourism. Natural ¥—ßπÈπ— À“°‰¡à¡’°“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√  ÿ¥∑“â ¬°Á®–∑”ß“π°—π‰ª§π≈–∑»‘ ∑“ß sites are under the care of the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry, while the Culture πÕ°®“°πÈ’ ¿√“‡¥™™È’«à“ ¿“§√—∞§«√∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇ¢â“‰ª™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ Ministry handles cultural sites. Agrotourism is ¥Ÿ·≈·≈– √â“ß¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π„Àâ°—∫™ÿ¡™π °≈à“«§◊Õ™ÿ¡™π§«√‰¥â¡’ à«π under the Agriculture and Cooperatives Ministry. √à«¡„π°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¢Õßμπ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π The Transport Ministry takes care of roads and ™ÿ¡™π‡Õ߬Õà ¡μÕâ ß¡¢’ ¥’ §«“¡ “¡“√∂·≈–¢âÕ®”°—¥ ´÷ßË ¿“§√—∞§«√π” other infrastructures. It is crucial that all agencies ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õμà“ßÊ ‡¢â“‰ª™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕÀ√◊Õ √â“߇§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ∫“ßÕ¬à“ß„Àâ°—∫ work in sync. ™¡ÿ ™π ‡™πà °ÆÀ¡“¬ºß— ‡¡◊Õß ·≈–æ√–√“™∫—≠≠μ— ª‘ É“™¡ÿ ™π ‡ªìπμâπ °Á®–™à«¬ªÑÕß°—πªí≠À“Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ°“–¬“«πâÕ¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥æ—ßß“ ·≈– He called on the state to immunize local com- À¡àŸ∫â“π·¡à°”ªÕß ®ß— À«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à munities in the forms of laws, such as city plan- ning law or community forest bill, to empower À¡“¬‡Àμÿ: ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π∂◊Õ§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√∑Õà ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ßπ‡‘ «»Õ¬“à ß them to participate in tourism management. The °«â“ßÊ ´Ëß÷ À¡“¬√«¡°“√∑Õà ߇∑ˬ’ «„π√Ÿª·∫∫μà“ßÊ ∑’Ë„°≈‡â §’¬ß°π— legislations would give what communities like ‡™πà °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘߇°…μ√ °“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «‡™‘ß«—≤π∏√√¡ °“√∑àÕß Koh Yao Noi in Phangnga and Mae Kham Pong ‡∑¬’Ë «‚¥¬™¡ÿ ™π œ≈œ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡ÀπÁ «à“¡∑’ ’Ë¡“ ∑‘»∑“ß À≈—°°“√ ·≈– village in Chiang Mai need to fight off problems ‡ª“Ñ À¡“¬∑’Ë„°≈⇧’¬ß°—πÀ√◊Õ√«à ¡°π— (Õà“𧫓¡À¡“¬·≈–À≈°— °“√ arising from tourism development. „π≈Õâ ¡°√Õ∫) Remark: The writer defines ecotourism broadly learn = ‡æ≈π‘  ”À√∫— ∑Ëπ’ ’¬Ë ¥÷ À≈°— 4 ¥. §◊Õ ¥‰Ÿ ¥â ¥¡‰¥â ¥Ë¡◊ ‰¥â ·≈– ·_° to include relevant forms of tourism, such as agro- ‰¥â ‚¥¬„À â Õ¥§≈Õâ ß°∫—  ¿“æ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ·≈–‡πâπ°“√¡ ’ «à π√à«¡¢Õßæπ—° tourism, cultural tourism and community-based ß“π·≈–™¡ÿ ™π‡ªπì  ”§—≠ tourism, because they all share the same origin, direction and concepts. For more info, see box story. §ÿ≥μà“¬ ¬—߉¥â‡≈à“∂÷ß°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π¢Õß™ÿ¡æ√§“∫“πà“«à“¬÷¥ À≈°— 燻√…∞°‘®æ«°‡√“é ‚¥¬°“√„Àâæπ—°ß“π„π√’ Õ√∑å ´÷ßË  «à π„À≠à¡’ bining “playing” with “learning”. The principle of being §√Õ∫§√—«Õ¬Ÿà „π≈–·«°√’ Õ√å∑‰¥â¡’ à«π„Àâ§√Õ∫§√—«‰¥â¡’‚Õ°“ π” able to see, smell, drink and eat was applied to suit the º≈‘μº≈∑“ß°“√‡°…μ√¡“¢“¬„Àâ°—∫√’ Õ√å∑ ‡ªìπ‰ª„π≈—°…≥–æË÷ßæ“ environment and emphasis was given to participation by Õ“»¬— °π— Õâÿ¡™Ÿ°—π ®ß÷ ∑”„ÀÀâ ≈°— 燻√…∞°®‘ æ«°‡√“é ®ß÷ ‡ªìπÀ≈—°°“√∑’Ë employees and communities. ¬Ëß— ¬π◊ ·≈–„™â‰¥â®√ß‘ . Khun Tai said the administration of Chumphon 1«—π1§◊π°—∫Õ“À“√¡◊Èէ˔·≈–Õ“À“√‡™â“ª≈Õ¥ “√æ‘…∑Ë’‡ ‘√åø Cabana adheres to the principle of “our economy”. æ√âÕ¡¢π¡§√°¢â“«°≈âÕßÕ—π· πÕ√àÕ¬ ·≈–°“√‰¥â‡¥‘π∑àÕß™¡ Under this principle, employees, whose families mostly ∫√√¬“°“»¢Õß «π‡æ≈π‘ ‡≈πà -√Ÿâ„π™à«ß‡«≈“ È—πÊ ∑”„À‡â √“√â·Ÿ ≈«â «“à ∑πË’ ’Ë live near the resort, are encouraged to sell their agricul- §«√§“à ·°°à “√°≈∫— ¡“‡¬Õ◊ πÕ°’ §√—Èß. tural produce to the resort in the manner of helping one another. The principle of “our economy” is, therefore, ‡√“‡¥‘π≈“®“°™ÿ¡æ√§“∫“πà“‰ª¥â«¬§«“¡ÕË‘¡‡Õ‘∫„® ¡‘„™à¥â«¬§«“¡ practical and sustainable. √⟠÷°Õ‘Ë¡‡Õ‘∫°—∫§«“¡À√ŸÀ√“ –¥«° ∫“¬ À√◊Õ°—∫°“√∫√‘°“√√–¥—∫Àâ“ ¥“« ·μà‡√“°≈—∫Õ¡Ë‘ ‡Õ‘∫„®„π®‘μ ”π°÷ √à«¡Õ—π¬ßË‘ „À≠¢à Õß°≈à¡ÿ ºâŸª√–°Õ∫ After a one-day and one-night stay, a dinner and a °“√‡≈Á°Ê °≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß ∑’Ë¡’Õÿ¥¡°“√≥åÕ—π·√ß°≈â“„πÕ—π∑Ë’®–¡’ à«π√à«¡„π breakfast of pesticide-free dishes, delicious khanom krok °“√Õπ√ÿ —°…∑å √—欓°√∏√√¡™“μ‘·≈– Ëß‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ·≈–Õâ¡ÿ ™«Ÿ ≤— π∏√√¡«∂‘ ’ (a kind of dessert made of sticky rice flour, sugar and ™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„À⬗Ë߬◊π ◊∫‰ª™«Ë— ≈°Ÿ ™Ë«— À≈“π coconut milk) and unpolished rice, and a tour of Plearn Garden, we knew the place is worthy of another visit. We left Chumphon Cabana with fulfillment, not because of its style, convenience or five-star services, but because of gratitude towards a group of entrepre- neurs who have a strong determination and principle to conserve natural resources and the environment, and maintaining local cultures and ways of life for children of younger generations. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 25

≈Õ¥√È«— √¡‘ ∑“ß THROUGH THE FENCE ¥Õ°∫«— μÕß Mexican Sunflower ‡∑’ˬ«‰ª„π· μ¡ªá ·¡âπ«“¥ °ÿ≠™√ ≥ Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ °√–¥“…·ºàπÀπß÷Ë ¡√’ Õ¬ª√ÿ ’ˇÀ≈¬Ë’ ¡‡≈Á°Ê ·∫ßà ‡√’¬ß‡ªπì ·μà ”À√—∫§π∑Ë’‡À‘πÀà“ß°—∫°“√ Ë◊Õ “√∑“ßπ’ȉª·≈â« °Á®–¢Õ ™àÕß ¡¿’ “æ¢Õß∑ßàÿ ¥Õ°‰¡ß⠥ߓ¡®π‡§≈È‘¡·«à«‡æ≈߇¡◊Õß Õ—æ‡¥∑‡√◊ËÕß· μ¡ªá∑—È߬ÿ§‡°à“·≈–¬ÿ§„À¡à«à“‡√â“„®Õ¬à“߉√ ·≈– ‡ÀπÕ◊ ç¥Õ°∫—«μÕßπ—πÈ ß“¡Õ¬∫Ÿà π¬Õ¥¥Õ¬ ..........é Õ¬“°®–π”®π‘ μπ“°“√¢Õߧ≥ÿ ‚≈¥·≈πà  °àŸ “√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «Õπ— À≈“°À≈“¬ À“°„§√¡’· μ¡ªá∑àÿß∫—«μÕß °Á§ß®–‡¢â“„®§«“¡√⟠÷°πÈ’¥’ ·≈– §ß·Õ∫§‘¥„π„®‡À¡◊Õπ°—π«à“ ™«’ μ‘ ¢Õ‰¥â‰ª‡ÀÁπ —°§√ßÈ— §ß‡ªπì ∫≠ÿ μ“ ‡√‘Ë¡μâπ·ßà¡ÿ¡°«â“ßÊ ¥â«¬· μ¡ªá®‘°´Õ«å√Ÿª∑ÿàߥհ‰¡â∑Ë’∫“π ‡æ’¬ßªï≈–§√È—ß √ªŸ ·√°‡ªπì ∑àßÿ ¥Õ°∫—«μÕß ¥Õ¬·¡Õà §Ÿ Õ μ.·¡Õà Ÿ§Õ „π¢≥–∑Ë’®¥À¡“¬°≈“¬‡ªìπ°“√ ◊ËÕ “√∑’Ë ÿ¥‡™¬μ°¬ÿ§ ·μà Õ.¢ÿπ¬«¡ ®.·¡àŒàÕß Õ𠇪ìπ¿“æ«“¥„π¬“¡∑Ë’¥Õ°∫—«μÕß∫“π ‡ πàÀå≈÷°´È÷ߢÕß°“√‡¢’¬π¥â«¬≈“¬¡◊Õ μâÕßπ” àߥ⫬∫ÿ√ÿ…‰ª√…≥’¬å  –æ√Ë—ßæ√âÕ¡Ê °—π„π‡¥◊Õπ惻®‘°“¬π - ∏—𫓧¡ ®π∑‘«‡¢“Õ—π ·≈–¡’· μ¡ªá °Á¬—ß¡’¡πμå ”À√—∫§π°≈ÿà¡ÀπË÷ß¡‘ √à“ß´“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–  ≈—∫´∫— ´Õâ π ¥ÿ ≈°Ÿ ÀŸ≈°Ÿ μ“ «“à ߉ «‡√◊Õß√Õß√“«∑àßÿ ∑Õß °—∫ºŸâ√—°™Õ∫„π‡Õ°≈—°…≥å·≈–§«“¡ß¥ß“¡¢Õß· μ¡ªá ∑Ë’À≈“¬ ‘∫ ªï∑’˺à“π¡“‰¥â √â“ߧ«“¡μ◊Ëπμ“μË◊π„® ‰¡à«à“®–¥â«¬√Ÿª¿“æ √Ÿª·∫∫ „π∫√√¬“°“»∑âÕß∑àÿß·Ààߥհ‰¡â„π√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß· μ¡ªá®‘°´Õ«å ·≈–‡√◊ËÕß√“«∑’Ë·Ωߧ«“¡À¡“¬¢Õ߬ÿ§ ¡—¬À≈“¬Ê Õ¬à“߉«â„π πÈ—π ¬—ß¡’√Ÿª∑àÿß°ÿÀ≈“∫¢“« ¥Õ¬À≈«ß‡™’¬ß¥“« ®.‡™’¬ß„À¡à ∑’Ë®– · μ¡ª¥á «ßπÕâ ¬‰¥âÕ¬“à ß·π∫‡π¬’ π ∫“π„π™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ°¡ÿ ¿“æπ— ∏å › ¡π’ “§¡¢Õß∑°ÿ ªï ¿“æπ≈’È –‡Õ’¬¥ÕÕà π ™âÕ¬®π —¡º— ‰¥â∂÷ߧ«“¡∫“߇∫“¢Õß°≈’∫°ÿÀ≈“∫¢“«ª√–¥—∫‡° √ 26 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

Journey through Postage Stamps Maenwad Kunjara Na Ayuttaya Another set depicts the field of white roses in Chiang The sheet of paper with perforations show- Dao mountain in Chiang Mai ing a beautiful field of flowers looks so real, Province, which blossoms during as if it sings a Northern song, “Bua Tong February-March every year. The stamp was so flower (Mexican Sunflower) blossoming intricately drawn that one can almost feel the frag- on the hill top…”. ile and soft petals of the white rose, decorated with yellow stigmas, that contrast sharply with the green Anyone who has this postage stamp will under- surrounding of the highland forest. Another stamp stand this kind of feeling and will wish to see it for set depicts Kra Jieu (Siam Tulip, Patumma) field at real at least once. Hin Ngam National Park in Chaiyaphum province. This pink flower, blooming during June-August, While letter seems like an out-of-fashion mode brightens up the diterocarp forest as if a first love of communication these days, the fact that it is blossoms in the mist of dream. hand-written, sealed in a stamped envelope and delivered by a postman is still truly charming to A four-stamp set to commemorate the centen- some people who love the uniqueness and beauty nial anniversary of the Department of Forest was of stamps. For a few decades now, stamps have produced to raise public awareness of the impor- wowed people with fine drawings or photographs tance of the forest. It shows the various forest eco- that subtly tell stories of the times. systems ranging from the greenness of the tropical rain forest, the dry evergreen forest with its leaves For those of you who have lost touch with in various shapes and forms, the multi-hued mixed this form of communication, let me update you on deciduous forest and the mangrove forest with its the exciting world of stamps from the times past spider web of funny-looking roots. and present and take you on a wonderful trip that should inspire your imagination. Back in the year 2005, the government launched the “Unseen Thailand” campaign to Let’s start with the “jigsaw stamp” of a flower promote Thailand as a tourism hub of Asia, and field that blooms only once a year. The stamp set of “Tour Thailand” to encourage Thai people to take Thung Bua Tong of Mae Oo Kho mountain in Khun trips inside the country. In response, the Thai Post Yuam district of the northern province of Mae Office issued a four-set, 76-stamp album called Hong Son. It is a drawing of the famous Mexican sunflower field in bloom during November- 27 December which gives the entire mountain range a golden hue. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

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the “Unseen Thailand Stamp collectors have been mushrooming and have been engaging in lively discussion. Take a Album” depicting sneak at http://www.siamstamp.com/forum. A philate- list with a user name of HIACON posts his 10 most attractions in all 76 favorite stamps in Thailand. Five of them are what tourists would find interesting. provinces. HIACON explains why he chose the Bird set: Examples include the pristine Li Pae Island in “It is small but contains all details. The first time I saw it in the catalog, I felt indifferent. But when the southern province of Satun, forest trekking in I saw the real thing, ‘Oh, God, George, it’s really fantastic!’. Khao Luang National Park in Nakhon Si Thammarat, “This set of protected wildlife is different from red maple trees at Phu Kadeung National Park in the first four sets I saw years ago. I managed to col- lect almost a complete set. If you ask why I like it, Loei, the “million lotuses” in Thalae Noi swamp in the answer is the design that portrays the animals as dark shadow in fiery-color background. It makes Phatthalung, dolphin watching at Bang Pakong Bay you feel the animals are being decimated leaving only their shadows for us to see. in Chachoengsao, rare animals in Phetchaburi, the “The orchid set is different from others. I never diving haven at Similan Island in Phangnga, water saw them before until I got them from eBay. I like it for its hand-made quality. Even the words are rafting at Thi Loh Rae in Tak and the sea of fog at hand-written.” Phu Hin Rong Kla in Phetchabun. Another philatelist named Adman adds: “My favorites are similar to HIACON. For example, I These stamp sets had been a talk of the town give perfect score to the two fish sets for beautiful rendering and composition. Or the first protected among stamp collectors and have now become very wildlife set is very intricately designed. If I’m not mistaken, the idea belongs to Professor Emeritus rare items. Prayat Pongdum.” There are more stamps available at post offices, As we can see, the remarkable thing about stamps is not just the intricate and beautiful design however, for example, those promoting four beau- of their subject matter but also the story that is com- pressed into a little space. Besides illustrating the tiful waterfalls, namely Mae Ya in Chiang Mai, value of tourist attractions that belong to all Thais, stamps also remind people about situations that Kaeng Sopha and Mun Daeng in Phitsanulok and tourists should take interest in so that they would strive to make tourism a learning process in order Mae Kha-min in Kanchanaburi. Another set is the to understand all about Nature. Pa Hin Ngam (beautiful rock forest) National Park stamp, which was produced with a special tech- nique using coating made from rocks from areas adjacent to the park, thus transporting the collec- tors to the place by imagination. Thai stamps can also be informative with regard to natural resources. For example, those depicting protected wildlife, insects, butterflies, birds, fish, wild mushrooms, and other rare species, are beau- tifully presented, accompanied by common and scientific names useful for further research. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 29

‡ πâ ∑“ß ‡’ ¢¬’ « GREEN LINE  “∏‘μ°“√·®«‡√◊Õ¡Õ·°π·∫∫¥—ßÈ ‡¥¡‘ Moken men demonstrate traditional boat paddling. ç¡Õ·°π擇∑Ë’¬«é ®√’ –«√√≥å ∫√√‡∑“∑°ÿ ¢å ¿“æ æ≈“‡¥™ ≥ ªÕÑ ¡‡æ™√ ‚§√ß°“√π”√àÕßÕ—π¥“¡—π  ∂“∫π— «‘®¬—  —ߧ¡ ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥¡å À“«‘∑¬“≈¬— À≈—߇Àμÿ°“√≥å ÷π“¡‘ªï 2547 æ«°‡√“™“«¡Õ·°π À¡Ÿà √à«¡‡√’¬π√Ÿ«â ∂‘ ’¡Õ·°π ‡°“– ÿ√‘π∑√å ®—ßÀ«—¥æ—ßß“‡ªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°„π —ߧ¡‰∑¬Õ¬à“ß ®“à π“¥Õπ— ¥“¡—π®“°Õ¥μ’  àŸªí®®∫ÿ —π °«â“ߢ«“ß „π∞“π–ºŸâ√Õ¥™’«‘μ®“°æ‘∫—μ‘¿—¬¥â«¬¿Ÿ¡‘ ªí≠≠“∑âÕß∂Ë‘π«à“¥â«¬μ”π“π§≈◊Ëπ‡®Á¥™—ÈπÀ√◊Õ∑’˺Ÿâ‡≤à“ °àÕπÕË◊π ç¡Õ·°π擇∑’ˬ«é ¢Õæ“∑ÿ°∑à“π¡“√⟮—°«‘∂’™’«‘μ¢Õß ¡Õ·°π‡√’¬°«à“ ç≈–∫Ÿπé ∑’Ë«à“ çÀ“°¡’πÈ”≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«®–‡°‘¥ æ«°‡√“°àÕπ §≈◊Ëπ„À≠àæ—¥‡¢â“¡“ „Àâ≈Ÿ°À≈“π√’∫«‘ËߢÈ÷π∑’Ë Ÿßé ´Ë÷ß∑”„Àâ¡Õ·°π ‡°“– ÿ√‘π∑√剡ࠟ≠‡ ’¬∫ÿ§§≈Õ—π‡ªìπ∑’Ë√—°„π‡Àμÿ°“√≥å§≈Ë◊π¬—°…å ç¡Õ·°πé ‡ªìπ°≈àÿ¡™“μ‘æ—π∏ÿåæÈ◊π‡¡◊Õß∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿàμ“¡‡°“– §√È—ßπÈ’ ·≈–∫√‘‡«≥√‘¡Ωòíß∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π „π ¡—¬°àÕπæ«°‡√“‰¡à‰¥â„™â‡√◊Õ ‡ªìπæ“Àπ–Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ·μà‰¥â„™â‡ªìπ∫â“π¥â«¬ æ«°‡√“‡¥‘π∑“ß·«– ≥ «—ππÈ’ °“√„™â§«“¡√·Ÿâ ≈–¿Ÿ¡ª‘ ≠í ≠“æ◊πÈ ∫â“π§Õà ¬Ê ‡≈Õ◊ πÀ“¬ ‡«’¬π‰ªμ“¡™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈·≈–‡°“–μà“ßÊ ∑”„Àâ§π¿“¬πÕ° ‚¥¬ ‰ª∑’≈–πâÕ¬‡πË◊Õß®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“߇»√…∞°‘®Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“° ‡©æ“–™“«¬ÿ‚√ª∑’ˇ¥‘π∑“ß¡“¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§πÈ’„π¬ÿ§Õ“≥“π‘§¡‡√’¬°¢“π °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« °“√ √â“ß √√§å°‘®°√√¡ºà“πß“π∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ß𑇫» æ«°‡√“«“à 笪‘ ´’∑–‡≈é (sea gypsies) «—≤π∏√√¡„π™◊ÕË ç¡Õ·°π擇∑’ˬ«é πà“®–‡ªπì ∑“߇≈Õ◊ °Àπ÷Ëß„Àâ¡Õ- ·°π‰¥â¡’§«“¡¿Ÿ¡‘„®„π«—≤π∏√√¡·≈–¥”√ßÕ¬àŸÕ¬à“ß¡’»—°¥‘Ï»√’§«“¡ ‡¢“∫Õ°«à“¡Õ·°π™Õ∫Õæ¬æ‚¬°¬â“¬‰ª‡√Ë◊Õ¬Ê Õ¬àŸ‰¡àμ‘¥∑’Ë ‡3ª0ìπ¡πÿ…¬å Õ°’ ∑Èß— ¬ß— ∑”„Àºâ  âŸ π„®‰¥√â Ÿâ®—°«‘∂’¡Õ·°πÕ¬à“ß≈÷°´ßÈ÷ ¬ßË‘ ¢È÷π §≈⓬°—∫™“«¬‘ª´’∑Ë’‡¥‘π∑“ߥ⫬‡°«’¬π„π¬ÿ‚√ª ¡—¬°àÕπ ‡√“¢Õ ∫Õ°«“à πË’·À≈–§Õ◊ «∂‘ ’™«’ μ‘ ¢Õßæ«°‡√“ ‡√“‚¬°¬â“¬‡¥π‘ ∑“߇æ◊ËÕ∑”„Àâ ∏√√¡™“μ∫‘ √‘‡«≥Õ“à «μ“à ßÊ ‰¥âøπóô μ«— ·≈–‰¡à∂°Ÿ √∫°«π¡“°‡°‘π‰ª æƒ…¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

Hop on a Boat with the Mokens Jeerawan Bantaotuk Photos Paladej na Pombejra Andaman Pilot Project, Social Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University After the tsunami struck in 2003, the Moken GET TO KNOW THE MOKENS sea gypsies of the Surin archipelago in the THE CHILDREN OF THE ANDAMAN SEA southern province of Phangnga have made our name as the survivors. The zero casu- First, “Hop on a Boat with the Mokens” will alty is attributed to our faith in ancestral lore about introduce you to our traditional way of life. “La Boon” (seven-tier wave) which says: “If water recedes fast, giant waves will follow and thou shall “Moken” is an indigenous tribe which lives run to high ground.” along the coast and islands of the Andaman Sea. In days gone by, the boats we used to roam the seas, “Hop on a Boat with the Mokens”, a cultural hopping from shore to shore and from islet to islet, eco-tour program, is an attempt to piece together were also our homes. the tribe’s knowledge and wisdoms which have gradually disappeared in the modern world. With Back in colonial times, the Europeans called us the tour we the Mokens can once again take pride the “sea gypsies.” They said we wandered around of our culture and hold our heads up while giving and never settled anywhere just like the gypsies, visitors insight into our way of life. the minorities who wandered across the European continent by carts. That was our way of life; we 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 31 ‡√Õ◊ °“à ∫“ß¡Õ·°π∑’Ë√«à ¡°—πøπóô øŸ¢Èπ÷ ¿“¬À≈—ß π÷ “¡‘ Gabang boat, the boat-making arts revived after the 2003 tsunami

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∫“â πÀ≈—ßπâÕ¬¢Õßæ«°‡√“¡Õ·°π Humble, cozy homes of the Mokens moved around to give nature around the gulfs a Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in association break and time to heal. with Dr. Narumon Arunotai from Chulalongkorn University’s Social Research Institute invited the We have close ties to the sea for centuries. That elders to teach the young ones the arts of Gabang is why we called ourselves “Janad Andaman” or Gor boat-making. They said Gabang Gor boat is our the Children of the Andaman. We are skilled sail- identity and such knowledge should not become ors, swimmers, divers and poachers both in land the thing of the past. Otherwise, our children can- and at sea. not imagine how we can build a boat without nails used for joining. Researchers recognized our knowledge of for- ests and indigenous plants. We knew at least 159 If you have a chance to visit Surin Islands, book plant varieties because we felled trees and collected “Hop on a Boat with the Mokens” tour and we will leaves to make our boats, as well as the pillars, walls proudly pick you up for a Gabang Gor boat ride. and roofs of our homes and for use as firewood and medicinal herbs. POH LAO LAH TA THE MOKENS’ CHOICE OF A LIVING In the past, the Mokens rode “Gabang” boat which served as our vehicle, our home, our pro- Some 20 years ago, the Surin archipelago or fessional gear and often where we were born and Poh Lao Lah Ta as we have called it for generations died. Boat is Moken’s basic necessity. We also was nowhere on tourist maps. After it was declared use “Gabang Gorman” which is a light-weighted a national park in 1981, promotion campaigns canoe made from salacca trunk. It is noted that it seemed to have done the trick and we were encour- will never sank -- just empty the water, the boat will aged to capture and sell sea shells to visitors. float and set sail once again. A while later, Surin island was booming as These days, we frown upon salacca wood a great setting for diving and snorkeling. Our because it lasts only 3-4 months. We shift to dura- sea shells became a must-have souvenir. Moken ble wooden boards. Sails became useless because women paddling boats filled with baskets of vari- the boats are too heavy and must be powered by ous sea shells to the park became a familiar sight. engine. The big hits were cowries, conches, rock shells and scorpion conches, mostly collected from Burmese For almost 30 years, “Gabang Gor” boats islands. We did brisk trade during the 6-month had disappeared from village. But then in 1988, tourism season. the United Nations Educational, Scientific and 33 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

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musical instruments, and how to collect herbs and foods in the wild. Such knowledge is gradually being forgotten because it has not been passed on to the young generation. Today, life is no longer in our hands. How could tourism be made sustainable in our Moken community and the Surin Marine National Park? æ“™¡ ∂“π’μâπ‡≈Õ◊ ¥ ç°–‡Õ⥓à ≈“°é æ«°‡√“„™â‰¡®â “°μπâ π¡È’ “∑”°√√‡™¬’ ߇√Õ◊ SUSTAINABLE CULTURAL ECO-TOURISM BY THE MOKENS, FOR THE MOKENS A visitor to “Ga Ae Dalak” where we fell the tree to make a canoe After the tsunami, “Hop on a Boat with the Mokens” tour was made possible by the backing The sale of sea shells was banned in 1998 due from Dr. Narumon and her team from the Social to strong environmental concerns and the park’s Research Institute. Many activities were designed stricter regulations. The Mokens can no longer to showcase how we live, including: collect giant clams, pearl oysters, top shells, sea cucumbers, lobsters and hawksbill sea turtles. The Exhibition Hut. One of the best ways to park has set up the Moken Fund to collect dona- explain our culture to tourists and the society at tions to help the Mokens made jobless by the ban. large is through dissemination of information. The funding went to hire us as sailors, kitchen staff, Consequently, an “exhibition hut”, or our so-called porters and janitors. After we shifted to nine-to-five cultural centre, is built as a medium to communi- kind of job, our knowledge of the sea has been put cate with tourists, media people and state officials. aside. To deal with joblessness, Moken men turned It is also a stage for our tour-guide wannabes to to drinking and women to playing card. Domestic practice. violence became commonplace. The Children of the Andaman Sea is now known for “drinking and Revival of Gabang boat. Over 30 years, engine- gambling”. powered Hua Thong boat has replaced salacca wooden boat. The revived arts of traditional boat- Our post-tsunami lives were bitter although making allow the Mokens to take pride of their cul- aids poured in from many directions in the forms tural past. Thai and foreign tourists were excited of rice, occupational gears, boats and boat repair with the exotic boats so we offer them a boat ride to tools. This has created a “culture of waiting for snorkel as well as try their hand at paddling one. hand-outs” and fanned division among Moken communities. The aids were not fairly distributed Tabing-Kau Tan forest trail and Chock Madah and made without knowledge of our culture, such natural-cultural trail. Both are the Moken’s poach- as the location and design for our houses. Chaos ing routes. Given the park’s rules and restrictions erupted after two Moken villages were located in on use of natural resources, we can no longer put the same area. No agencies stepped in to train us our extensive knowledge of plant varieties in good to be self reliant. use. To preserve our knowledge, we offer the tour which allows our youngsters to master the knowl- Our splendid handicrafts, e.g. scale boats, edge and share them with visitors. woven baskets, mats and bracelets made from screwpine leaves, generate considerable income. The Mokens’ cultural eco-tourism depends on The silver-haired have knowledge, such as sailing, various supportive aspects to be sustainable, includ- fishing, myths and folklores, dances, Moken songs, ing tourists who are interested in learning about life in a different culture, cooperation from the marine national park, and a Mokens learning center that respects the values inherent in our culture and wis- dom. Only then will the Mokens’ cultural eco-tour- ism be by the Mokens and for the Mokens. Information for the article comes from: Suthad Klatalay and Chao Klatalay, representatives of Hop on the Boat with the Mokens tour,Dr. Narumon Arunotai and Paladet Na Pompetch, of Andaman Pilot Project by Social Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 35

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Diving into the Clear (or Murky) Blue Sea Story/photos: Kultida Samabuddhi Modern diving equipment, wet suits, Judging from the brisk business going on at and other expensive diving accessories West Coast Divers, it could be assumed that other are packed inside West Coast Divers Patong diving shops are reaping huge income from shop while a large LCD monitor runs the lucrative industry, too. a video footage of a diving trip and fascinating undersea pictures to lure clients. Patong is like the headquarters of Phuket tour- ism, so it has become a hub of tourism-related busi- A number of foreign tourists walked in to nesses, including diving shops, 80% of which are book diving trips. Cash keeps changing hand from foreign-owned. the tourists’ to the shop cashier’s. An insider in Phuket’s diving industry esti- This was what happened at one of the biggest mates that each diving center has around 500 tour- diving shops on Patong Beach in early April when ists a day, generating 3-10 million baht income the high tourist season of the Andaman coast is annually. As there are around 90-100 diving opera- nearing an end. tors in the province, the industry could fetch almost a billion baht per year. 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 37

‡μ√’¬¡μ«— ÕÕ°ªØ‘∫—μ‘°“√‡°∫Á ¢¬– A team of divers prepare to go underwater in search of garbage. ∑ÿ°‰¥øá„π·μà≈–«—π∑Ë’æ“π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«≈߉ª ‰°¥å¥”πÈ” §√Ÿ Õπ¥”πÈ” ª√–‡ √‘∞ ∫“â π‡¡Õ◊ ß Prasert Banmuang ®–‡°Á∫¢¬–∑Ëæ’ ∫¢÷πÈ ¡“¥«â ¬ ¿—°¥’ §√ÿ∑“π—ß Pakdee Karutanang ‡∏Õ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬∂â“®– √ÿª«à“ °√–· °“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«„μâπÈ”§ÿ°§“¡ ·π«ª–°“√ß— ç ‚ ¥ ¬ æ◊È π ∞ “ π √â “ π ¥ ” πÈ ” ® – „  à „ ® √ – ¡— ¥ √ – «— ß · π « ª – ° “ √— ß π – ‡æ√“–‡ªπì  ∂“π∑∑Ë’ ”ß“π ∂â“¡π— ∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬∏ÿ√°®‘ °Áæ—ßé ·μà‡∏Õ§‘¥«à“ªí≠À“À≈—°∑’ˇ°‘¥°—∫·π«ª–°“√—ßπà“®–Õ¬àŸ∑Ë’¡’°“√ ª√–¡ß¢π“¥„À≠à¡“°‡°‘π‰ª çμàÕ„Àâªî¥®ÿ¥¥”πÈ”∫“ß®ÿ¥‡æË◊Õ„À⪖°“√—ßøóôπμ—« Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ°“–  ¡‘ ≈‘ π— ∑°ÿ Ê ªï‡¡◊ÕË ‡ª¥î ƒ¥Ÿ¥”πÈ” „μâπ”È ®–¡μ’ “¢à“¬ ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õª√–¡ß ‡μÁ¡‡≈¬é À“°§ÿ≥¥”πÈ”°—∫´“πμ“πà“‰¥«‘Ëß°Á®–√⟫à“∫√‘…—∑¡’°Æ‡©æ“–μ—« π—Ëπ§◊Õ‡«≈“Õ¬àŸ„π·π«ª–°“√—ß π—°¥”πÈ”®–‰¡à «¡∂ÿß¡◊Õ Õπÿ≠“μ„Àâ  «¡∂ÿß¡◊Õ‡¡Ë◊ÕÕÕ°πÕ°∫√‘‡«≥·π«ª–°“√—ß °Æ¢âÕπ’ȇªìπ°ÿ»‚≈∫“¬ ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„Àâπ°— ¥”π”È ®∫— μâÕß —μ«πå È”À√Õ◊ ª–°“√ß— Õπ— ∫Õ∫∫“ß ‡æ√“– ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à «¡∂ÿß¡◊Õπ—°¥”πÈ”°Á®–‰¡à°≈Ⓡ¢â“‰ª„°≈â¡“° ·≈–°ÆÕ’°¢âÕ ÀπË÷ß∑Ë’‡ªìπμ—«™à«¬§◊Õ Àâ“¡π—°¥”πÈ”‡¢â“„°≈â·π«ª–°“√—ß„π√—»¡’ 2 ‡¡μ√π—Ëπ‡Õß ª√–‡ √‘∞ ∫â“π‡¡◊Õß ∑”√â“π¥”πÈ” ç‚Õ‡™’Ë¬π‰¥‡«Õ√åé ∫ÿ°‡∫‘° ªÉ“μÕß¡“√ÿàπ‡¥’¬«°—∫‡®â“¢Õß´“πμ“πà“ ¡Õß«à“∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—𠇪≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß¡“μ≈Õ¥ ∫—¥π’È¿“¬„π√â“π¢ÕßÀπÿà¡„À≠à¡’∂⫬√“ß«—≈ ®“°°“√·¢àߢ—π¥”πÈ”‡°Á∫¢¬– ·≈–®“°°‘®°√√¡ “∏“√≥–Õ◊ËπÊ «“ß ª√–¥—∫ ‚Õ‡™Ë’¬π‰¥‡«Õ√å®—¥‚ª√·°√¡¥”πÈ”·∫∫πÕπ§â“ß„π‡√◊Õ‡©≈’ˬ ‡¥◊Õπ≈– 4 §√—Èß ≈Ÿ°∑—«√åª√–¡“≥ 15 §π √«¡§√Ÿ Õπ¥”πÈ”·≈– ‰°¥å¥”πȔՒ° 4-5 §π ≈Ÿ°∑—«√å à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ™“«μà“ß™“μ‘ ‡À¡◊Õπ √â“πÕ◊ËπÊ 38 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

·Õπ‡¥√¬’ Œπ‘ √™‘  å Andrea Hinrichs But considering the fierce competition in the industry, it seems that the effort to protect the corals Judging from cost per head, diving is probably from tourism is still a long way from success. the most expensive “ecotourism” though the tour- ists are willing and can afford to pay. Many diving operators in Patong, though, said they were ready to comply with any environmen- But there is a big question on whether this tal protection regulation and claim they have tried tourism business helps generate income to the their best to protect the coral reefs and marine envi- country like other ecotourism activities do as most ronment. of the diving businesses are owned or controlled by foreigners. “Reef clean-up” is probably the first activity diving operators think of when it comes to coral Moreover, tourists are usually required to pay conservation campaign. Almost every diving shop for the diving package and accommodations to in Patong has joined the annual reef clean-up activ- agents in their countries, meaning that they will ity. not spend much here except for some miscella- neous expenses. The activity is held twice a year — on November 1, which is officially the beginning of the high sea- Apart from skepticism over revenue Thailand son, and the World Environment Day on June 5. It earns from this foreigner-dominated business, the has been held annually for the past 18 years. diving industry has also been a prime suspect of causing damage to coral reefs in the Thai seas. Andrea Hinrichs, managing director of Santana Diving Co, the first diving operator in Patong estab- Problems surrounding diving businesses have lished in the late 1970s, says her company does not accumulated for a long time, thus they could not only join the reef clean-up activities every year, but be solved within a few days. Concerned agencies also has its own guideline to protect corals from have tried to regulate the industry over the past harms caused by diving. For example, dive masters decade. For example, the Marine and Coastal and staff have to collect undersea garbage if they Resources Department has been working closely spot them during each dive. with Phuket authorities, the Thailand Diving Association (TDA), and the Phuket diving opera- Clients of Santana Diving are required to follow tors association to draft a new regulation to super- the firm’s rules, such as a ban on wearing gloves, vise the diving industry and strengthen marine which aims to prevent divers from touching the cor- environment protection practices. als and other fragile marine species. Divers wearing gloves tend to approach the corals to have a “first- Once the regulation is completed and adopted hand” feel with the colorful and exotic marine ani- by all parties, it will be applied to other coastal mal. provinces, including Krabi, Phangnga, and Surat Thani, which are also confronting problem of Divers are also prohibited from getting to marine and coral degradation. within two meters of the corals to prevent possible physical contact. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 She dismisses accusations that the diving indus- try poses a threat to the coral reefs, saying that div- ing operators are highly concerned about marine life protection because “if the corals are destroyed, the diving business will collapse.” Mrs. Hinrichs blames large fishing vessels and the use of destructive fishing gears for the degrada- tion of coral reefs in the Thai waters. Temporary closure of diving spots, such as the Similan islands, to safeguard the corals from tour- ism and diving activities could not guarantee that the corals will be sheltered from harm as long as large fishing vessels continue to roam the sea and dump trash from fishing nets to batteries into the sea. Prasert Banmuang, owner of Ocean Divers, a 30-year-old diving shop in Patong, says local diving operators have learned a lot about marine and coral protection from foreign divers. 39

 Ë‘ß∑ˇ’ °∫Á ‰¥â®“°„μ∑â –‡≈ Undersea garbage is hauled on board to be disposed of on land. Õ”‡æ’¬√ „π¡ÿ¡¡ÕߢÕ߇¢“ ≈Ÿ°§â“μà“ß™“쑉¡à„™àºŸâ√⓬‡ ¡Õ‰ª ‡©æ“–„π¬ÿ§°àÕπÊ √â“π§π‰∑¬ ‡∂ËÕ◊ π∂Ë‘π °Á‰¥â√∫— §”·π–π”μà“ßÊ ®“°π°— ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ‡®“â æàÕ·Ààß ç‡√“§Õà ¬Ê ‡√¬’ π√°Ÿâ π— ‰ª  ¡¬— ∑’Ë„™‡â √Õ◊ ª√–¡ß‰ª ¡‘ ≈‘ π— ‡√“∑ßÈ‘ ¢¬– ‡»…Õ“À“√≈ß∑–‡≈ æÕΩ√ßË— ·π–π” μÕà ¡“‡√“°¬Á ß— ∑ß‘È „ππ”È ·μÀà “à ß®“°Ωßíò ‡¥¬Î’ «π‡È’ √Õ◊ ∑°ÿ ≈”μÕâ ßπ”¢¬–°≈∫— ¡“∑ßÈ‘ ∑’Ë °‘®°√√¡ Ωßíò ·¡·â μ‡à »…Õ“À“√°Á‰¡à„À∑â ßÈ‘ ≈ß∑–‡≈ ‡∫¥Á μ°ª≈“°Á‰¡à„Àâ„ à‰«â„π‡√Õ◊ ∑æ’Ë “‰ª¥”π”È é ¥”πÈ”‡°Á∫¢¬– Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ª√–‡ √‘∞‡ÀÁπ«à“À“°∏ÿ√°‘®¥”πÈ”¬—ߧ߇πâπª√‘¡“≥¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«¡“° °«à“§ÿ≥¿“æ πÕ°®“°®– √â“ߺ≈°√–∑∫μàÕª–°“√—ß·≈– —μ«å∑–‡≈·≈â« ¬—ß∑”≈“¬°“√∑àÕß Õ“à «ª“É μÕß ‡∑¬Ë’ «„πμ«— ¢Õß¡—π‡Õߥ⫬ ‡¡ËÕ◊ π—°¥”πÈ”¥”≈߉ª·≈⫇®Õ·μà§π¡“°°«“à ‡®Õª≈“ °≈∫— ¢πÈ÷ ¡“ °®Á –‰¥√â ∫— §”μ”Àπ‘«à“‰¡à§ÿâ¡§à“ Õ”‡æ¬’ √ ‡∂ÕË◊ π∂‘πË À√Õ◊ çπⓇ欒 √é ¢Õß §πªÉ“μÕß π—∫‡ªìπ “¡—≠™π∑Ë’§π„π ∑Ë’πà“ π„® ª√–‡ √‘∞‡ÀÁπ«à“√â“π¥”πÈ”„π¿Ÿ‡°Áμ¡’°“√√«¡μ—«°—π‡ªìπ™¡√¡Õ¬à“ßÀ≈«¡Ê «ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«ªÉ“μÕßμ≈Õ¥®π¿Ÿ‡°Áμ ·≈–√«¡°—π„π‡™‘ß∏ÿ√°‘®¡“°°«à“‡Àμÿº≈Õ¬à“ßÕË◊π ·≈–¡—°®–√«¡μ—«°—π‡À𒬫·πàπμÕπ∑Ë’  à«πÕ◊ËπÊ „Àâ°“√¬Õ¡√—∫Õ¬à“ß°«â“ß ΩÉ“¬√“™°“√μ—È߰Ƨÿ¡‡¢â¡®π√â“π¢Õßμà“ß™“μ‘·∑∫®–Õ¬àŸ‰¡à‰¥â ®÷ߧàÕ¬√«¡μ—«°—πª°ªÑÕߺ≈ ¢«“ß ª√–‚¬™πå Õ—π∑Ë’®√‘ßÀ“°¡’°“√√«¡μ—«°—π‰¥â‡À𒬫·πàπ°Á®–¥’ ‡æË◊Õ®–‰¥â§Õ¬§«∫§ÿ¡ ¡“μ√∞“π°“√∑”ß“π°—π À√Õ◊ ∑”°‘®°√√¡¥â“πÕπ√ÿ —°…√å «à ¡°π— πⓇ撬√Õ“¬ÿ 62 ªï æÈ◊π‡æ‡ªìπ≈Ÿ° À≈“π¢ÕߪɓμÕß·∑âÊ º—π™’«‘μ®“°™“« «π ¿—°¥’ §√ÿ∑“π—ß π“¬° ¡“§¡∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»¿Ÿ‡°Áμ·≈–ºâŸ®—¥°“√√â“π¥”πÈ”„À≠à¢Õß ¡“À“°‘π°—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«μ—Èß·μà æ.».2518 ªÉ“μÕß ç‡« μ傧 μ剥‡«Õ√åé ‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬«à“À“°¡’‡√◊Õ·≈–π—°¥”πÈ”¡“°‡°‘π‰ª¬àÕ¡ àߺ≈ ·≈– ‘ßË ∑Ë’·°∑”‡æ◊ÕË ª“É μÕßμ≈Õ¥ 18 ª∑ï ˺’ “à π °√–∑∫μàÕª–°“√—ß·≈– —μ«å∑–‡≈ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π™à«ß‰Œ´’´Ë—π ™à«ß‡«≈“Àπ÷Ëß®–¡’§π≈߉ª¥” ¡“ §Õ◊ °®‘ °√√¡¥”πÈ”‡°Á∫¢¬– › ∑—ßÈ „π∞“π– πÈ”Àπ“·ππà ‡æ√“–·μ≈à –«—π®–¡·’ §à™«à ߇«≈“‡¥¬’ «∑’ Ë “¡“√∂¥”π”È ∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «‰¥â –¥«° ºŸâ√‡‘ √Ë¡‘ ·≈–º≈—°¥π— °®‘ °√√¡π‡È’ √Õ◊Ë ¬¡“ √Õ∫ Ê ¿Ÿ‡°Áμ®–¡’®ÿ¥¥”πÈ” ”§—≠Ê Õ“∑‘ À¡Ÿà‡°“–√“™“ ‡°“–æ’æ’ ‡°“–·«– ‡¢“‡≈à“«“à °Õà πªæï .». 2534 ¬ß— ‰¡‡à §¬ ™“√å§æÕ¬μå ‡°“–¥Õ°‰¡â °ÕßÀ‘π·¥ß À‘π¡à«ß  ∂“π∑’ˇÀ≈à“πÈ’≈â«π¡’μ”π“π‡≈à“¢“π∂÷ß ¡’°‘®°√√¡¥”πÈ”‡°Á∫¢¬–„π¿Ÿ‡°Áμ ‡æ◊ËÕπ∑’Ë §«“¡ «¬ß“¡ ´Ë÷ß∫“ß·Ààß°Á‡°◊Õ∫°≈“¬‡ªìπÕ¥’쉪·≈â«®√‘ßÊ ‡¡Ë◊ÕμâÕß·∫°√—∫π—°¥”πÈ”‡°‘π  ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈μ”∫≈ªÉ“μÕß (¢≥–πÈ—π) ¡“ °”≈—ß ª√÷°…“·≈–„Àâ™à«¬§‘¥°‘®°√√¡¿“§°≈“ß«—π „πß“π‡ª¥î ƒ¥∑Ÿ Õà ߇∑¬’Ë ««π— ∑’Ë 1 惻®‘°“¬π ¿—°¥’¬°μ—«Õ¬à“ß«à“‡¡Ë◊Õ°àÕπμ“¡·π«ª–°“√—ßæ«°π’È®–æ∫‡ÀÁπ¡â“πÈ”‰¥âßà“¬ ‡™àπ‡¥’¬« ´÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß„π°‘®°√√¡√«¡§π°Á§◊Õ °“√·¢àߥ” °—∫©≈“¡·¡«∫√‘‡«≥™“√å§æÕ¬μå À√◊Õ©≈“¡«“Ã∑Ë’‡§¬‡¢â“¡“¬—ß°ÕßÀ‘π√‘‡™≈‘«„π™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ πÈ”‡°∫Á ¢¬–„πÕ“à «ª“É μÕß·≈–∑–‡≈√Õ∫Ê ¡’π“§¡-‡¡…“¬π ∑ÿ°ªï ·μÀà ≈—ßÊ ¡“πÈ’‰¡¡à ’„À¥â ÕŸ °’ ·≈«â ¡’™“«‡√◊ÕÀ“߬“« ≈–‡«≈“¡“™à«¬°—π ∑È—ßÀ¡¥Õ“®‡°‘¥®“° “‡Àμÿ‡¥’¬«°—π--‰¡à¡’∑’ËÀ≈∫¿—¬ §π‰ª°«π¡“°‡°‘π‰ª ¢≥– ‡¥¬’ «°—ππ‘ —¬¢Õߪ≈“∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑°‡Á ª≈Ë’¬π‰ª ª≈“∫“ß™π¥‘ æÕ‰¥¬â π‘ ‡ ’¬ß‡√Õ◊ °Á¡“√Õ°‘πÕ“ 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 À“√ ¿—°¥’‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√¡ÕßÀ“®ÿ¥¥”πÈ”„À¡à Ê πÕ°·π«‡¢μª–°“√—ß∏√√¡™“μ‘Õ¬à“߇™àπ ®ÿ¥ ‡√◊Õ®¡ 科ߧ√ÿ¬‡´Õ√åé πà“®–™à«¬ºàÕπ‡∫“ª√‘¡“≥π—°¥”πÈ”‰ª‰¥â∫â“ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–æ«°∑Ë’‡æË‘ß ‡√’¬π¥”πÈ”À√◊ÕÀà“ßÀ“¬°“√¥”πÈ”‰ªπ“π æ«°∑’Ë≈ß∑–‡≈‡ªî¥‰¥øá·√° ‰ª®π∂÷ß°≈àÿ¡¡◊Õ„À¡à ∑Ë’¥”πÈ”‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ‰¥øá π—°¥”πȔ櫰π’Ȭ—ß≈Õ¬μ—«‰¡à™”π“≠ À“°≈ߥ”μ√ß·π«ª–°“√—ß Õ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬‰¥â ´÷Ëß∑“ß∫√‘…—∑‡« μ傧 μ剥‡«Õ√å®–‡§√àߧ√—¥„π°“√®—¥°≈ÿà¡ ≈Ÿ°∑«— √åμ“¡™«Ë— ‚¡ß∫π‘ ·≈–®—¥‰°¥¥å ”πÈ”§Õ¬μ“¡ª√–°∫ 40

“In the old days, when most diving operators were not “Uncle Phian” concerned about the environment, we usually dumped waste from our boat into the sea. Our crew sometimes The Reef Clean-up fished while waiting for the divers. But we’ve stopped Master Chief of doing this after our clients told us about the damage it Patong caused to the marine ecology,” says Mr. Prasert. Phuket – Ask any diving operator in Patong Ocean Divers specializes in the live-in diving trip in about reef clean-up in this divers’ haven and which divers stay overnight onboard for 4-5 days. Some they would refer you to Amphian Teuntin, people say the live-in diving creates more environmental or “Uncle Phian” as those who know him impact than a day trip because there is no proper waste affectionately call him. management onboard. Moreover, tour operators some- times discharge wastewater, garbage, and food leftover The 62-year-old Patong native has been into the sea instead of carrying them back to the shore. widely respected by people in the tourism and diving industry in Phuket. Mr. Prasert organizes the live-in diving trip about four times a month. Each trip has some 15 tourists, mostly Mr. Amphian turned himself from a fruit foreigners, and 4-5 staff. planter to a tourism entrepreneur some 30 years ago. He was the first to introduce the The veteran diving operator says limiting the num- reef and beach clean-up operation in Patong ber of divers per dive was a crucial means to mitigate in early 1990s and has been the key person of impact on the marine environment. Famous diving sites the marine environment protection effort ever are too crowded as each diving operator brings their cli- since. ents to the sites at the same time. This causes too much disturbance to the fragile coral reefs. According to Uncle Phian, there was no such thing as “reef clean-up” in Patong until However, he admits it was difficult to have diving 1991 when an official from Patong municipal- operators limit client number because business operators ity asked him to create an activity to celebrate need to make profit. the opening of the high-season on November 1 that year. Mr. Prasert also comments that marine conserva- tion activities will be much stronger in Patong if diving That was when undersea garbage collec- operators join forces. Currently, they get together only tion popped up in his mind. When he told the to fight against regulations that will affect their business municipality about it, they readily took to it. interests, he says. To make the activity more exciting, the Pakdee Khruthanang, managing director of West organizer then offered a reward for any div- Coast Divers and president of Phuket Ecotourism ing team which retrieved the largest amount of Association, agrees. She says several well-known div- garbage from undersea. ing sites are severely damaged and no longer famous because they have to shoulder large numbers of tourists The Patong’s reef clean-up competition over the years. on Nov. 1, 1991, marked the first undersea garbage collecting activity that still contin- The popularity of Koh Racha, Koh Phi Phi, Koh Wae, ues to this day and has later been followed Shark Point, Koh Dokmai, and Hin Muang-Hin Daeng, suit by several other coastal provinces on the have been fading. Andaman and the Gulf. ¢«¥·≈–‡À≈°Á μ—«Õ¬à“߇≈°Á Ê πÕâ ¬Ê ®“°„μâ∑–‡≈ A small sample of undersea garbage. The veteran diver said coral clean-up was something he was determined to do since he 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 began his career as a dive master around three decades ago. Most of the diving spots he brought tour- ists to, including famous reefs in Phuket waters, Krabi’s Koh Phi Phi, and Similan islands off Phangnga, are littered with marine debris and various kinds of waste, ranging from fishing gear remnants, fertilizer sacks, plastic materi- als, to car tyres. He marked the “dirty” diving spots on the map with a plan to clean them up in his free time. The more diving sites affected by marine debris, the more he became worried that Thailand’s diving industry would come to an end due to degradation of the coral reefs, which are homes to numerous marine species. 41

ª“Ñ ¬‚¶…≥“√“â π¥”π”È ∑ªË’ “É μÕß Signs advertising dive shops at Patong 70-80≈” „§√®–‡™◊ËÕ...ß“πªï·√°‰¥â¢¬–®“° ∑–‡≈√«¡°π— ∂ß÷ 3 μπ— ‡»… ! ∂Õ◊ «“à ‡¬Õ– ¥ÿ Ê „π∑⓬∑Ë’ ÿ¥ ‡¡Ë◊Õ查∂÷ß°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫∑Ë’Àπ૬√“™°“√ÕÕ°∫—ߧ—∫√â“π¥”πÈ”‡æ◊ËÕ°“√„™â ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“μ‘Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π ¿—°¥’¬◊π¬—π«à“‡∏Õ‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬∫“ß à«π À“°ªí≠À“°Á§ß‰¡àÀ¡¥ ºâŸ‡ªìπμâ𧑥°‘®°√√¡ πÕ°®“°®–¢—∫ ßà“¬Ê ‡æ√“–≈”æ—߇®â“Àπâ“∑Ë’√—∞‡Õß°Á‰¡àæÕ®–μ“¡μ√«® Õ∫ ‰¡à«à“ß“π‡Õ° “√À√◊Õ°“√ÕÕ° ‡√◊ÕÀ“߬“«·≈â«°¬Á —ߥ”πÈ”°∫— ‡¢“¥â«¬ μ√«®μ√“º°Ÿâ √–∑”º‘¥„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë ¬âÕπ«—π‡«≈“°≈—∫‰ª∑Ë’®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡¢Õß  ”À√—∫μ—«‡∏Õ ¬—ߧ߄À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫«‘∏’ªØ‘∫—μ‘ (operate) ¢Õß√â“π¥”πÈ” ‡πË◊Õß®“° §«“¡§‘¥ ·°‡≈à“«à“ μ≈Õ¥‡«≈“∑’Ëæ“π—° ·μà≈–√â“π¡’«‘∏’®—¥°“√·≈–«‘∏’ªØ‘∫—μ‘·μ°μà“ß°—π‰ª ∑È—ß à«π¢Õ߇√◊Õ·≈–°“√¥”πÈ” ∫“ß√â“π°Á ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‰ª¥”πÈ” ‡¢“¡’‚Õ°“ ¥”πÈ”‡ªì𠇧√àߧ√¥— ‡√’¬°‰¥«â “à ç√â“π¥”πÈ” ‡’ ¢’¬«é ∫“ß√“â π°Áª≈Õà ¬ª≈–≈–‡≈¬ ‰¡μà √–Àπ—°μÕà ª≠í À“ ‡æË◊Õπ·¢° ‰¡à«à“®–∑–‡≈√Õ∫Ê ¿Ÿ‡°Áμ ‡°“–  «à π√«¡ ¬°μ—«Õ¬“à ß æ’æ’ ‡¢μ®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫Ë’ ‰ª®π∂÷߇°“– ‘¡‘≈—π ‡¢μ®—ßÀ«¥— æ—ßß“ ∑ÿ°∑∑’Ë Ë’‰ª‡¬Õ◊ π≈â«π‰¥‡â ÀÁπ ë ß“π„μâπ”È ‰°¥å¥”π”È 1 §π§«√®–¥·Ÿ ≈ ¡“™°‘ ‰¡‡à °‘π 4-5 §π ·μ√à â“π∑Ë’‰¡à‡§√ßà §√¥— °—∫μ“«à“¡’¢¬–Õ¬àŸμ“¡·π«ª–°“√—ß¡“°¡“¬ Õμ— √“ à«π¢Õ߉°¥μå Õà π—°¥”πÈ”°≈“¬‡ªπì 1:10 À√Õ◊ 1:20 ´Ëß÷ ‰¡ à “¡“√∂¥·Ÿ ≈‰¥â∑«—Ë ∂ß÷ ·≈– ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡»…Õ«π ∂ÿߪÿܬ æ≈“ μ‘° ¬“ß §«∫§¡ÿ ¬“° √∂¬πμå ®–¡“°°«à“Õ¬“à ßÕ◊Ëπ ë °“√‡≈◊Õ°∫∑‡√’¬π„μâ∑–‡≈„Àâ§π∑’ˇæˑ߇√’¬π¥”πÈ”∂◊Õ‡ªìπ‡√Ë◊Õß ”§—≠ μâÕ߇≈◊Õ° 燫≈“‰ª¥”πÈ” º¡‡√Ë‘¡®¥∫—π∑÷°«à“  ∂“π∑’∑Ë ªË’ ≈Õ¥¿¬— ‰¡æà “‰ª„π·π«ª–°“√ß— ∑¡Ë’ §’ «“¡‡ª√“–∫“ßμ—ßÈ ·μà·√° ∫√‘‡«≥‰Àπ¡¢’ ¬–¡“°é ‡¢“‡≈“à ‚¥¬μÕππÈ—π °Á‡√Ë‘¡§‘¥·≈â««à“¢¬–‡ªìπÕ—πμ√“¬μàÕ·π« ë ‡√◊Õ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«·∫∫§â“ߧ◊π∫π‡√◊Õ¡—°®–¡’ªí≠À“‡√Ë◊Õߢ¬– ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¥—ßπÈ—π§«√¡’ ª–°“√—ß´Ë÷߇ªìπ∫â“π¢Õߪ≈“ πÕ°®“°πÈ’ °“√®”°—¥®”π«π«—π„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡ ¡’μ—«Õ¬à“߇√◊Õ∫“ß≈”Õ¬Ÿà°—πÀ≈“¬«—π‡À¡◊Õπ‡ªìπ‚√ß·√¡ À“°§π¡“‡ÀÁπ·≈â«°≈—∫‰ª∫Õ°ª“°μàÕª“° ≈Õ¬πÈ” «à“∑–‡≈¿Ÿ‡°Áμ‰¡à «¬ „§√‡¢“®–Õ¬“°¡“‡∑¬Ë’ «  ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬ ‡ ∏ Õ ° ≈à “ «   π— ∫   πÿ π „ Àâ π— ° ∑à Õ ß ‡ ∑’Ë ¬ « æ‘ ® “ √ ≥ “ ‡ ≈◊ Õ ° √â “ π ¥ ” πÈ ” ∑Ë’ „ Àâ ∫ √‘ ° “ √ °“√·¢àߢ—π¥”πÈ”‡°Á∫¢¬–®—¥μàÕ‡πË◊Õß ‚ª√·°√¡∑«— √∑å Ë’ªØ‘∫—μ‘μ“¡·π«∑“ß°“√¥”πÈ”∑Ë’‡ªπì ¡‘μ√°—∫ Ëß‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Õ¬“à ߇™πà 炧√ß°“√ ‡ªìπª√–‡æ≥’∑ÿ°Ê ªï§«∫§Ÿàß“π‡ªî¥À“¥ °√’πøîπ åé ¢Õß°√¡∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωòíß ´Ë÷߇ªìπ°“√ √â“߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬√â“π¥”πÈ”∑’Ë ªÉ“μÕß ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á‰¥â§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ ¬¥÷ À≈—°°“√∑’‡Ë ªπì ¡‘μ√μàÕ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ·≈–°“√∑Õà ߇∑ˬ’ «Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π ´Ë÷ß°√π’ øîπ å‰¥â¡Õ∫„∫ ®“°π“¬‰æ∑Ÿ≈ ·æπ™—¬¿Ÿ¡‘ ªí®®ÿ∫—π§◊Õ ª√–°“» (Certificate) „Àâ°∫— ºâŸ„Àâ∫√‘°“√¥”πÈ”∑Ë’‡¢“â √«à ¡‚§√ß°“√ ·≈–¡’°“√‡™‘≠™«π„Àπâ —° À—«Àπâ“»Ÿπ¬åÕπÿ√—°…å∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈– ¥”π”È „™â∫√°‘ “√®“° ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√∑¡Ë’ ’„∫ª√–°“»¥ß— °≈“à « ™“¬Ωòíß®—ßÀ«—¥¿Ÿ‡°Áμ ™à«¬»÷°…“·¬° ª√–‡¿∑¢¬– °“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ √«¡∂÷ß·À≈àß 42 ∑Ë’¡“¢Õߢ¬– ‡æ◊ËÕ¡àÿß·°âªí≠À“®“°μâπ‡Àμÿ Õ¬à“߇™àπ∑”Àπ—ß ◊Õ∂÷߇∑»∫“≈‡®â“¢Õß ∑âÕß∑’Ëμâπ∑“ߢÕߢ¬– ®π√–¬–À≈—ßÊ ‡ÀÁ𠉥â«à“ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–√«¡®“°ß“π¥”πÈ”‡°Á∫¢¬– ≈¥πâÕ¬≈߉ª ¢≥–∑Ë’∑’¡∑Ë’Õ“ “‡¢â“·¢àߢ—π°Á ¡“°¢È÷π·≈–¡’°≈àÿ¡‡¬“«™π π—°‡√’¬π„πæÈ◊π∑Ë’ ‡¢â“√à«¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ®–«à“‰ª...πⓇ撬√·≈– ¡—§√æ√√§ æ«°À“‰¥â∑”ß“π‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß¿“æÀ√◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕ ∏√ÿ °‘® à«πμ«— ‡≈Õ◊ ¥√°— ∂Ëπ‘ ∞“πªÉ“μÕß-°–∑Ÿâ ¬—ß©’¥∑—Ë«°“¬Õ—π·¢Áß·°√àߢÕߺŸâ‡≤à“ π’Ë ¡‘„™à¢âÕæ‘ Ÿ®πå‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« Õ”‡æ’¬√ ‡∂Ë◊Õπ∂‘Ëπ ¬—ß¡’μ”·Àπà߇ªìπª√–∏“πÕ“ “  ¡§— √æ∑‘ —°…å∑√æ— ¬“°√∑“ß∑–‡≈ ™«à ¬‡ªπì ÀŸ ‡ªìπμ“„Àâ™ÿ¡™π·≈–√“™°“√  Õ¥ àÕߧπ∑” ª√–¡ßº‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬ §π∑”∏ÿ√°‘®∑Ë’‰¡à‡ªìπ ¡‘μ√μÕà ™“¬À“¥·≈–∑–‡≈ª“É μÕß-°–∑⟠À“°§ÿ≥¡’‚Õ°“ πË—ß√∂¢È÷π‡¢“‡≈¬®“° À“¥ªÉ“μÕ߉ª∑“ß„μâÀπàÕ¬‡¥’¬« æÕæâπ ¥ß‰¡â°Á®–æ∫°—∫™“¬À“¥ à«πμ—«·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß ™◊ËÕ çÀ“¥æ“√“‰¥´åé Õ—π‡ªìπ ¡∫—μ‘®“°πÈ” æ°— π”È ·√ߢÕßπ“⠇欒 √ À“¥‡≈Á°Ê ·ÀàßπÈ—π –Õ“¥®π§ÿ≥ æ‘ Ÿ®πå ‰¥â 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

√“â π¥”π”È ¡Õ’ ¬à‡Ÿ °≈ÕË◊ π°≈“¥∑’ËÀ“¥ªÉ“μÕß Dive shops line the Patong beach. “At that time, I was afraid that divers would no longer be impressed with our Common species found in coral reefs like seahorses have coral reefs and wouldn’t come back here disappeared and there are no more sharks at the Shark Point. again. They might also spread the word Many marine animals have fled these popular diving sites that Thai waters were not worth visiting because of disturbance from human activities, she adds. and this would be disastrous for the coun- try’s tourism industry,” he said. Some fish species still remain in the area but have lost their natural behavior. Many of them become “pet fish”, Patong’s first reef clean up activity always waiting for food from tourists. 18 years ago was joined by hundreds of participants. Diving operators sent 70-80 Promoting new diving sites, including man-made sites, boats to facilitate the operation. A total of could ease impact on natural coral reefs, she suggests. three tons of garbage was collected from major diving sites, Mr Phian recalled. Besides limiting diver number, diving operators should screen their clients carefully. The reef clean-up and undersea gar- bage collection competition has been held “The more experienced the divers are, the less they will in Patong every year since then with more cause damage to the corals,” she says, adding that her shops and more divers, diving business opera- avoid taking first-time divers or those with fewer than 10 tors, and volunteers taking part. dives to pristine diving sites. State agencies also lend a hand. These beginners could not keep their balance in the water The most dedicated agency is the and tend to step on or grasp the corals to rest themselves, she Phuket Marine Conservation Center explains. under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment’s Marine and Coastal Ms. Pakdee says she agrees with most of state regula- Resources Department but was then tions requiring diving operators to protect marine resources, under the Fisheries Department. but doubts if they are effective since there are insufficient The center’s marine biologist Paitoon officials to enforce the regulations and mete out punishment Paenchaiyaphum has taken part in the to violators. activity since the very beginning. Every year, he helps the reef clean-up squad As the regulation and its enforcement have to be further study and identify sources of waste. The developed, environmental awareness among diving opera- report on undersea garbage and condi- tors is the most crucial factor to safeguard precious marine tions of the coral reefs will be submitted to resources from their business, she says. relevant agencies, including local tourism operators and local administrative bodies. To mitigate impact of diving on coral reefs, operator They hope that statistics on undersea should: garbage and reef conditions will convince the state and private sectors to seriously • Limit the number of divers per a dive master at 4-5 protect the marine environment. divers to one dive master. Decreasing amount of waste collected during each reef clean-up was evidence • Avoid taking inexperienced divers to prime diving that the activity had achieved a certain sites to prevent them from damaging the corals. degree of success, said Uncle Phian. Almost 20 years of devotion in marine • Limit the number and duration of live-in diving trips environment protection is a testament that because large amount of waste discharged from these “float- Uncle Phian has not done this only for the ing hotels” pollutes the marine environment. benefit of his tourism and diving business but for his love and care for the marine Meanwhile, divers should choose diving operators who ecology and his hometown of Patong. are serious about marine protection such as those who are Despite his old age, Mr. Amphian, partners of the Marine and Coastal Resources Department’s who has been appointed as a state marine Green Fins Project. protection volunteer, is still working relent- lessly to ensure that no illegal and destruc- Under the project, the department will issue certificate to tive activities occur in this community. diving operators with strong environmental awareness and Next time you go to Patong, visit do the business in an environmentally-friendly way. Uncle Phian’s Paradise Beach, which is located on the south-end of Patong 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 MMayay- -AAuugguustst2200088 beach. This tranquil and beautiful beach is obviously cleaner than any others. This is not surprising because this beachfront land belongs to the founder of Patong’s beach and reef clean-up activity. 43

‡ πâ ∑“߇¥’¬«°π— ON THE SAME PATH ∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ « „πæÈ◊π∑’Ë ∏√√¡™“μ‘ π‘§¡ æÿ∑∏“ ™’«μ‘ ¢Õߧπ‡√“πÈ—π¡§’ «“¡®”‡ªìπ∑Ë’ π”È μ°‡ªπì ·À≈ßà ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«∏√√¡™“μ∑‘ ‡Ë’ ªπì ∑Ë’π‘¬¡Õ¬à“ß¡“° „π√ªŸ ‡¥°Á ·≈–ºâÀŸ ≠‘ß°”≈—߉μ°à Õâ πÀπ‘ ∑’πË ”È μ°‡¢“°√–∑‘ß μâÕ߇°Ë’¬«¢âÕß°∫—  ‘ßË ∑‡’Ë ªìπ Õ∑ÿ ¬“π·Àßà ™“쑇¢“§‘™¨°ŸØ ®—π∑∫√ÿ ’ - « —πμå ‡μ™–«ß»å∏√√¡ ∏√√¡™“μÕ‘ ¬à“ߪ؇‘  ∏‰¡à‰¥â ¬ßË‘ „π ª®í ®∫ÿ π— °“√¥”√ß™’«μ‘ „π‡¡◊Õß„À≠à Waterfalls are among the most popular natural attractions. Picture shows °“√∑”ß“π∑’ÀË π°— Àπ«à ß °“√Õ¬Ÿà°—∫ a child and a woman climbing the rocks at Khao Krathing Fall in Khao §«“¡ ∫—  π«ÿà𫓬 ∑“à ¡°≈“ß Khitchakut National Park , Chanthaburi.- Wasant Techawongtham ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’μ“à ßÊ¡“°¡“¬ ∑”„Àâ∑°ÿ §π¬ß‘Ë ‚À¬À“ ßË‘ ∑’ˇªπì ∏√√¡™“μ‘ ≈âπ- Ë‘ß°àÕ √“â ß/π—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « Õ¬“à ßπÕâ ¬°ÕÁ ¬“°π”æ“μ—«‡Õß ¢“¥-¢âÕ¡≈Ÿ /°“√¡’ à«π√«à ¡¢Õß™ÿ¡™π ‡¢â“‰ªÕ¬∑àŸ à“¡°≈“ߢÕß∏√√¡™“μ‘ ∫“â ß ‡ªìπ§√Èß— §√“«°¬Á —ߥ’ °“√‰¥â ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∏√√¡™“μ‘ ∑—Èß∑Ë’ ‡¢“â ‰ª‡ÀπÁ ªÉ“‡¢“∑Ë ’ «¬ß“¡ ∏“√ ‡ªπì Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘ ‡¢μ√—°…“æπ— ∏ åÿ μ— «åªÉ“ ®“°¿‡Ÿ ¢“ ßŸ ‰ª®π∂÷ß∑Õâ ß πÈ”μ°∑’ˉÀ≈‡¬Áπ ¥Õ°‰¡·â ≈– μ— «ªå “É ∑–‡≈≈÷°À≈“¬·Ààß ‚¥¬°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (∑∑∑.) „π∏√√¡™“μ‘ ‰¥â ¥Ÿ Õ“°“»∑∫Ë’ √ ‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ‰¡à„™àÀπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞∑Ë’‡°Ë’¬«¢âÕß°—∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡æ’¬ß·Àà߇¥’¬« °Á¬àÕ¡∑”„À‡â °‘¥§«“¡ ¢ÿ ¡®’ μ‘ „®∑Ë’ ‡∑à“πÈ—π ·μଗߡ’Àπ૬ߓπÕË◊πÊ ‡™àπ °√¡Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘ —μ«åªÉ“ ‡∫°‘ ∫“π ·≈–™«’ μ‘ °ºÁ àÕπ§≈“¬... ·≈–æ—π∏åÿæ◊™ ·≈–Õߧ尓√∫√‘À“√·≈–æ—≤π“°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ °“√∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «®÷߇ªπì ª®í ®¬—  ”§—≠ Õπ√ÿ °— …å„πæ◊Èπ∑Ëæ’ ‘‡»… (Õæ∑.)  ”À√∫— °“√¥”√ß™’«μ‘ ‰ª·≈«â 44 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

BNaactukrteo NikhomPutra Traveling has become Too much of structures/visitors a necessity for city folks. The hustle Too little of understanding/ and bustle of the public participation city and the hi-tech surroundings have The Tourism Authority of Thailand is not the made us even more sole agency overseeing tourism. Other parties are, yearning to go back for example, the National Park, Wildlife and Plant to nature. A short Conservation Department and the Designated Areas break to stroll in the for Sustainable Tourism Administration (DASTA). woods, jump into cold waterfall, watch flora The past tourism management policies did and fauna in their not take into account the ecosystem and left out natural setting and the locals. The consequences of degraded natural take a deep breath of resources and local culture point to the need to fresh air is a great rethink the country’s tourism strategies. refreshment and energy boost. THE MAJOR CONCERNS ARE: 1. The rapid expansion of tourism facilities, such as roads, cable cars, mega structures, without well-thought plan and design. The development of Chiang Mai Night Safari, Koh Chang National Park in Trat and Koh Lanta in Krabi has fanned conflict with the locals. Many developments which sprouted up in tourist spots to accommodate tourists have brought irreparable damage, such as forest encroachment, loss of rich forest to road construction, dam con- struction, and structures built in water bodies and- wildlife habitats which also block scenic views. During the high season, the famous Khao Yai, Inthanon and Phu Kradung National Parks, to name a few, are packed with tourists and activities. Heavy traffic, lodging shortage, inadequate food services and toilet facilities, pollutions and piles of 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 45

°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«„πæÈ◊π∑Ë’Õÿ∑¬“πÀ√◊Õ„πæÈ◊π∑Ë’∏√√¡™“μ‘ °≈ÿࡇ¥Á°«—¬√πÿà  πÿ° π“π°—∫°“√≈Õà ß·°àß ∫π·¡àπ”È §≈Õß°≈“¬ μ.°√ßÿ ™‘ß Õÿ∑¬“π·Àßà „π√Ÿª·∫∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡¬—ߧ߇ªìππ‚¬∫“¬‡™‘߬ÿ∑∏»“ μ√åÀ≈—°∑’Ë ™“쇑 ¢“À≈«ß π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™ - ·¡πâ «“¥ °≠ÿ ™√ ≥ Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬μâÕß¡’°“√§∫§‘¥„ÀâÀπ°— ¡“°¢È÷π°«“à ‡¥¡‘ ‡æ√“–„πÕ¥μ’ ∑Ë’ ºà“π¡“‡√“¡—°®–æ∫‡ÀÁπªí≠À“∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°°“√®—¥°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« A group of teenagers are in high spirits after a rafting trip in ¡“°¡“¬ Khlong Klai River in Khao Luang National Park, Nakhon si Thammarat. - Maenwad Kunjara na Ayuttaya  ‘Ëß∑’Ëπà“‡ªìπÀà«ß¥â“π°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«„πæÈ◊π∑Ë’Õÿ∑¬“πÀ√◊ÕæÈ◊π∑’Ë ∏√√¡™“μ‘¢≥–πÈ’°Á§◊Õ garbage have left nothing but a bad memory for holiday makers. 1. °“√¢¬“¬μ—«¢ÕßÕÿμ “À°√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑Ë’‡πâπ°“√ æ—≤π“ Ë‘ßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°Õ“§“√ ‘Ëߪ≈Ÿ° √â“ßÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ‡™àπ 2. Lack of participation of local communi- °“√μ—¥∂ππ °“√ √â“ß°√–‡™â“‰øøÑ“ °“√¡’Õ“§“√ ‘Ëߪ≈Ÿ° √â“ß¢π“¥ ties is another problem. The 2007 Constitution „À≠à ®π¢“¥°“√«“ß·ºπ ·≈–°“√§‘¥§πâ „π√ªŸ ·∫∫∑Ë’‡À¡“– ¡Õ¬“à ß stipulates that the people and local bodies take ≈–‡Õ’¬¥√Õ∫§Õ∫ ®π°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß·≈–º≈°√–∑∫ ‡™àπ part in natural resource management. In practice,  «π —μ«å‡™’¬ß„À¡à‰π∑å´“ø“√’ Õ∑ÿ ¬“π·Àßà ™“μ‘À¡‡àŸ °“–™â“ß ®.μ√“¥ private firms wonconcessions to run tourism ser- ·≈–°“√æ—≤𓇰“–≈—πμ“ ®.°√–∫’Ë ´÷Ëß¡’ªí≠À“§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß°—∫§π vices, depriving the locals a chance to make a liv- ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ing in the forest next door. No matter how much tax and other revenues the state reaps from offer- 46 ing forests, which are public properties, to for- profit firms to make use of, the local communities æ情ƒ¿…“¿§“¡§¡- - ‘ß À‘ß“À§“¡§¡2525151 MMaayy -- AAuugguusstt 22000088

°“√æ—≤π“ ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«° ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘ËßÕ“§“√ ¢∫«π√∂¢∫— ‡§≈◊ËÕπ ≈’Ë Õâ °≈“ߪ“É °“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «∑’≈Ë Õà ·À≈¡μÕà °“√∑”≈“¬∏√√¡™“μ‘  ‘Ëߪ≈Ÿ° √â“ß¡—°°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“μ“¡¡“ ‡™àπ °“√®—∫®Õß∑’Ë¥‘π‡ªìπ › ‡Õ◊ÈÕ‡øóÕô ¿“æ‚¥¬∫“ß°Õ°‚æ μå æ◊Èπ∑’Ë à«πμ—« °“√∫ÿ°√ÿ°μ—¥‰¡â∑”≈“¬ªÉ“ º≈°√–∑∫∑“ߥâ“π√–∫∫ π‡‘ «» ·≈–∫¥∫—ß««‘ ∑«‘ ∑»— πå∑ Ë’ «¬ß“¡ ‡ªìπμπâ ´ß÷Ë æ∫«“à ¡’°“√æ≤— π“ Joining an off-road caravan pushing through mud and scrub Õ“§“√ ‘Ëߪ≈Ÿ° √â“ß„πæ◊Èπ∑Ë’Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘·≈–‡¢μ√—°…“æ—π∏ÿå —μ«å into deep forest can be tough but fun. But it can also disturb ªÉ“À≈“¬·Ààß‚¥¬¢“¥°“√«“ß·ºπ °“√»÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫∑“ߥâ“π Ë‘ß the natural setting. – Photo courtesy of the Bangkok Post ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑È—ßÊ ∑Ë’‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√œ À√◊Õ°‘®°√√¡∑’Ë∑”‚¥¬Àπ૬ߓπ ¢Õß√—∞ bear the brunt of degraded natural resources and pollutions. °“√ √â“ß ‘Ëß “∏“√≥Ÿª‚¿§·μ࢓¥°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë¥’ ¬—ß∑”„À⇰‘¥ ªí≠À“§«“¡‰¡à ¡¥ÿ≈¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«°—∫·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«πÈ—πÊ „π Amendments of relevant laws, such as the ™à«ß‡∑»°“≈‡√“®–‡ÀÁπ«à“μ“¡‡¢μÕÿ∑¬“π¬“πμà“ßÊ ‡™àπ Õÿ∑¬“π National Park Act B.E. 2504 and the Wildlife ·Ààß™“쑇¢“„À≠à Õ‘π∑ππ∑å ¿Ÿ°√–¥÷ß œ≈œ ¡’π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·≈– Protection and Conservation Act B.E. 2535, pre- °‘®°√√¡®”π«π¡“°®π‡°‘π‰ª ªí≠À“∑μ’Ë “¡¡“°Á§Õ◊ ®”π«π√∂¬πμå∑’Ë scribe “service zones” where the department’s Àπ“·πàπ  àߺ≈μàÕ§«“¡ –¥«°·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ®”π«π§π∑Ë’ secretary-general and park officers are empow- ered to allow for-profit firms to invest in tourism activities and services, such as restaurants and accommodations. Such zoning is made with- out academic or local input. Local communities should have a say in the zoning arrangement. 情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 47

...μ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“∑º’Ë à“π¡“ Àπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞¡—°®–·¬° What is also desperately miss- °“√®—¥°“√æÈπ◊ ∑˪’ É“∏√√¡™“μ‘ÕÕ°®“°æÈπ◊ ∑ËÕ’ ¬ŸÕà “»—¬ ing is an opportunity to appreciate ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π∑Õâ ß∂‘Ëπ ´ß÷Ë ®–‡ÀπÁ ‰¥â®“°°“√®¥— °“√Õ∑ÿ ¬“π the value and importance of the ·Àßà ™“μ·‘ ≈–‡¢μ√°— …“æπ— ∏åÿ μ— «åª“É ∑Õ’Ë “»—¬∑—ßÈ °ÆÀ¡“¬·≈– ecosystem, flora and fauna, rela- ‡®â“Àπ“â ∑’Ë ·μà„𧫓¡‡ªπì ®√ß‘ ‡√“μâÕ߬ա√—∫«“à «∂‘ ’™«’ ‘μ tionship of living creatures and ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂Ë‘πππ—È ¡§’ «“¡®”‡ªπì ∑Ë®’ –μâÕ߇°¬Ë’ «¢Õâ ß natural phenomenon. Responsible °—∫∑√—欓°√¥‘ππÈ”ªÉ“·≈–§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™«’ ¿“æ agencies have not offered any ´÷ßË §«“¡ ¡— æπ— ∏套߰≈“à «π’ȉ¥â°Õà ‡°‘¥·≈–‡æ“–∫à¡¡“‡ªπì learning activities particularly for ‡«≈“π“π®π‡√¬’ °«à“‡ªπì «∂‘ ™’ ’«‘μÀ√◊Õ«—≤π∏√√¡∑âÕß∂Ëπ‘ the youth. This is inconsistent with ´÷Ëß«≤— π∏√√¡∑âÕß∂Ëπ‘ πÈ’‡Õ߇ªìπª®í ®¬—  ”§≠— ∑Ë®’ –√Õß√∫— the National Park, Wildlife and °‘®°√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ‰ª®“°ª√“°Ø°“√≥å Plant Conservation Department’s ¢Õß∏√√¡™“μ.‘ .. intent to turn a forest into an out- door classroom for lifelong learn- ¡“°‡°‘π‰ª∑”„ÀâμâÕß·¬àß°—π„™â∑√—欓°√∑È—ß∑’Ë°‘π ∑’Ëæ—° ÀâÕßπÈ” °àÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“¢¬– ing. ¢Õ߇ ’¬ ¡≈¿“«–ÕË◊πÊ ∑Ë’ ”§—≠§◊Õπ—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡À≈à“π—Èπ·∑∫®–‰¡à‰¥âª√–‚¬™πåÕ–‰√ ®“°°“√∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬«·≈–æ—°ºÕà πÀ¬àÕπ„®‡≈¬ Natural tourism provides an opportunity to relax and unwind 2. °“√¢“¥°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π°Á‡ªìπÕ’°ªí≠À“ÀπË÷ß ‡√“®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ as well as learn about the ecology „πªí®®ÿ∫—π √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ªï æ.». 2550 ‰¥°â ”Àπ¥„Àªâ √–™“™π·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ™ÿ¡™π∑Õâ ß in a natural setting. Regrettably, ∂‘Ëπ¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√œ ·μà„π∑“ߪؑ∫—μ‘ ‡¡◊ËÕÀπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞ boozing, gambling, and noisy and ¢“¥»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√®—¥°“√·≈–°“√∫√‘°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ®÷߇ªìπ™àÕß«à“ß„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π disturbing activities have been ‡¢“â ¡“∑”Àπâ“∑Ë·’ ∑π allowed to go on at many destina- tions. There is a need to cultivate °“√ª√—∫·°â‰¢°ÆÀ¡“¬∑Ë’‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß ‡™àπ æ.√.∫.Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘ æ.» 2504 a tourism culture that would instill ·≈–æ.√.∫. ß«π·≈–§âÿ¡§√Õß —μ«åªÉ“ æ.». 2535 ´÷Ëß„π√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢âÕ‡ πÕ„π°“√ environmental awareness among ª√∫— ª√ÿß·°â‰¢¥ß— °≈à“« ®–‡ πÕ„À¡â °’ “√®¥— æπÈ◊ ∑’‡Ë æË◊Õ∫√‘°“√ (Service Zone) °“√∑àÕß state officials and business opera- ‡∑Ë’¬«‚¥¬„ÀâÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑Ë’°—∫Õ∏‘∫¥’·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑Ë’Õÿ∑¬“π‡ªìπºâŸ°”Àπ¥ ·≈–‡ªî¥‚Õ°“  tors and responsible behaviors „Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π ´Ë÷ß√«¡‰ª∂÷ß∫√‘…—∑∑Ë’· «ßÀ“º≈°”‰√ ‡¢â“‰ª≈ß∑ÿ𥔇π‘π°“√∫√‘°“√ among tourists. Alcohol, for exam- √Õß√—∫°‘®°√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ « ‡™àπ ∑’æË °— ·≈–Õ“À“√ ‡ªìπμπâ ´ßË÷ ¡°— ®–°àÕ„À‡â °‘¥§«“¡ ple, should be banned in natural ‰¡à‡ªìπ∏√√¡„π°“√‡¢â“∂÷ß ·≈–ªí≠À“∑Ë’μ“¡¡“§◊Õ ç§«“¡¢—¥·¬âßé ™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π¢“¥ spots and tourists should take care ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–¡’Õ“™’æ·≈–√“¬‰¥â ®÷߇∑à“°—∫«à“Àπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞‰¥â‡Õ“º◊πªÉ“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ ¡∫—μ‘ of their garbage.  “∏“√≥–‰ª„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡ “–· «ßÀ“º≈°”‰√ ´ß÷Ë „πª√–‡¥πÁ πÈ°’ Á‰¡·à πà„®«“à Àπ«à ¬ß“π ¢Õß√—∞ “¡“√∂®—¥‡°∫Á ¿“…’·≈–√“¬‰¥¡â “°πÕâ ¬‡æ¬’ ߉√ LINKING COMMUNITIES, RESOURCES AND CULTURE Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ ∑Ë’·πàÊ º≈°√–∑∫∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ∑—Èß¿“«–§«“¡ ‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡¢ÕßæÈ◊π∑’Ë∏√√¡™“μ‘·≈–¡≈¿“«–Õ◊ËπÊ μ°Õ¬Ÿà°—∫™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂Ë‘ππÈ—πÊ Õ¬à“ß How could tourism be man- À≈’°‡≈Ë’¬ß‰¡à‰¥â aged in a way that is sustainable and appropriate to local context?  ßË‘ ∑πË’ à“‡ªπì Àà«ß°Á§◊Õ °“√°”Àπ¥æπÈ◊ ∑’Ë (Zoning) §«√®–¡°’ √–∫«π°“√»°÷ …“∑“ß Many localities have worked out ¥â“π«‘™“°“√·≈– √â“ß°√–∫«π°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√μ—¥ ‘π„® ‚¥¬‡©æ“–√à«¡°—∫™ÿ¡™π master plans towards sustainable ∑Õâ ß∂‘πË ·≈–°“√‡ª¥î ‚Õ°“ „À‡â Õ°™π‡¢“â ‰ª≈ß∑ÿπ tourism with public participation. Concrete examples of this include 3.  ‘Ëß∑Ë’¢“¥À“¬‰ªÕ¬à“ßπà“‡ ’¬¥“¬„π ∂“π∑’Ë∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«æ◊Èπ∑Ë’∏√√¡™“μ‘°Á§◊Õ °“√ cooperation between regional √—∫√⟢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ °“√„Àâ°“√‡√’¬π√⟠√Ÿâ§ÿ≥§à“·≈–§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß√–∫∫𑇫» æ—π∏ÿåæ◊™ æ—π∏åÿ educational institutions and the Thailand Research Fund to plan 48 and revise tourism activities which blended with local culture and way of living, such as in Ban Mae Kampong in Chiang Mai’s Mae On sub-district as well as in many communities in Mae Hong Son and seaside communities. The stud- ies are based on the assumption that man is part of the ecosystem æ情ƒ¿…“¿§“¡§¡- - ‘ß Àß‘ “À§“¡§¡2525151 MMaayy -- AAuugguusstt 22000088

 —μ«å §«“¡ ¡— æπ— ∏¢å Õß ‘ßË ¡’™«’ μ‘ ·≈–ª√“°Ø°“√≥å¢Õß∏√√¡™“μ‘ ´ßË÷  ß‘Ë ‡À≈“à π’ÀÈ π૬ So far, authorities have ß“π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß·∑∫®–‰¡à‰¥â„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠„π°“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡·≈–√Ÿª·∫∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ drawn a line between ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√»÷°…“°“√‡√’¬π√⟠‚¥¬‡©æ“–°—∫°≈àÿ¡‡¬“«™π ´Ë÷ߢ—¥μàÕÀ≈—°°“√¢Õß°“√ forests and local ®—¥°“√∑“ßÕÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘·≈–‡¢μ√—°…“æ—π∏åÿ —μ«åªÉ“∑’Ë¡àÿßÀ«—ß®–„Àâº◊πªÉ“¥—ß°≈à“« habitats, as evidenced ‡ªπì ‡ ¡Õ◊ πÀâÕ߇√¬’ π°≈“ß·®âß ‡æÕ◊Ë °“√‡√’¬π√âÕŸ ¬à“߉¡√à ⮟ —°À¡¥ ‘Èπ in the governing laws and actual management À≈“¬·Ààß„πæÈ◊π∑’Ë∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∏√√¡™“쑬—ß¡’°“√ª≈àÕ¬ª≈–≈–‡≈¬À√◊Õ¡Õ¡‡¡“ of national parks and ª√–™“™π∑’‡Ë ªìππ—°∑Õà ߇∑’¬Ë « ‡™àπ „À¡â ’°“√¥¡◊Ë ‡À≈“â ‡≈àπ°“√æπ—π √«¡‰ª∂ß÷ °‘®°√√¡ wildlife conservation ∑’°Ë àÕ„À⇰‘¥‡ ¬’ ߥ—ß·≈–¡≈¿“«–Õ◊πË Ê zones. In fact, the locals have banked ‚®∑¬å¢âÕ„À≠à§◊Õ∑”Õ¬à“߉√∑’Ë®– √â“ß«—≤π∏√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë their livelihood on ‡ªìπ°“√¬°√–¥—∫  √â“ß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ∑—ÈßμàÕ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√—∞„π√–¥—∫π‚¬∫“¬ √–¥—∫ natural resources and ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π √–¥—∫æÈ◊π∑Ë’ ·≈–ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√„Àâ¡’ ”π÷°μàÕ°“√√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ Ë‘ß biological diversity ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ·≈– √“â ߧ«“¡√∫— º¥‘ ™Õ∫°—∫π—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ‡™à𠧫“¡√—∫º¥‘ ™Õ∫¢¬–¢Õß for generations. Such μ—«‡Õß ´÷ËßÕ“®®–√«¡‰ª∂÷ß°“√ߥ¢“¬‡§√Ë◊Õߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å „πæÈ◊π∑Ë’∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑Ë’‡ªìπ relationships have ∏√√¡™“μ‘ ‡ªπì μâπ become their way of living and cultures. ‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß™ÿ¡™π-∑√æ— ¬“°√-«—≤π∏√√¡ and there is a need to create a link ¿“¬„μ⧫“¡§‘¥∑Ë’«à“ ‡√“®–®—¥°“√√Ÿª·∫∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«Õ¬à“߬˗߬◊πÀ√◊Õ„π√Ÿª between man, natural resources ·∫∫∑Ë’‡À¡“– ¡ ”À√—∫æÈ◊π∑’Ë∏√√¡™“μ‘·≈–æ◊Èπ∑’ËÕÿ∑¬“ππÈ—πÊ ‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ ¢≥–π’È and culture. À≈“¬·Ààß„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â¡’°√–∫«π°“√»÷°…“°“√®—¥∑”·ºπ·¡à∫∑·≈–æ—≤π“√Ÿª ·∫∫°“√¡’ «à π√à«¡„π°“√®¥— °“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·≈â« ∑‡’Ë ªìπ°√≥μ’ —«Õ¬à“ß·≈–√ªŸ ∏√√¡∑Ë’ So far, authorities have drawn ¥’ ‡™àπ ¡’§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢Õß ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“„π√–¥—∫¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§·≈– ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ a line between forests and local  π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬∑”°“√»÷°…“‡æË◊Õ«“ß·ºπ·≈–®—¥ª√—∫°√–∫«π°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«„π habitats, as evidenced in the gov- √Ÿª·∫∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡¢πÈ÷ ‡™àπ ∫“â π·¡°à ”ªÕß Õ”‡¿Õ·¡àÕÕπ ®ß— À«—¥‡™¬’ ß„À¡à ·≈–Õ°’ erning laws and actual manage- À≈“¬Ê ™ÿ¡™π„π®—ßÀ«—¥·¡àŒàÕß Õπ ·≈–™ÿ¡™π™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈∑Ë’¡’√Ÿª·∫∫°“√∑àÕß ment of national parks and wild- ‡∑¬Ë’ «„π∑–‡≈§«∫§àŸ‰ª°∫— «≤— π∏√√¡·≈–°“√¥”√ß™«’ μ‘ ¢Õß™¡ÿ ™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ‚¥¬„™Àâ ≈—° life conservation zones. In fact, the §‘¥«à“ §π‡ªìπ à«πÀπË÷ߢÕß√–∫∫𑇫» ·≈–„Àâ‡ÀÁπ°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß√–À«à“ߧπ locals have banked their livelihood ∑√æ— ¬“°√œ·≈–«≤— π∏√¡‡¢“â ¥«â ¬°—π on natural resources and biologi- cal diversity for generations. Such μ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“∑Ë’ºà“π¡“ Àπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞¡—°®–·¬°°“√®—¥°“√æÈ◊π∑Ë’ªÉ“ relationships have become their ∏√√¡™“μ‘ÕÕ°®“°æ◊Èπ∑Ë’Õ¬àŸÕ“»—¬¢Õß™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π ´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°°“√®—¥°“√ way of living and cultures. Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“μ‘·≈–‡¢μ√—°…“æ—π∏ÿå —μ«åªÉ“∑Ë’Õ“»—¬∑—Èß°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑Ë’ ·μà„𠧫“¡‡ªìπ®√‘߇√“μâÕ߬ա√—∫«à“ «‘∂’™’«‘μ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘ËππÈ—π¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑Ë’®–μâÕß There is a need for a learning ‡°Ë’¬«¢âÕß°—∫∑√—欓°√¥‘ππÈ”ªÉ“·≈–§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ´Ë÷ߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å process to blend such local cultures ¥— ß ° ≈à “ « π’È ‰ ¥â °à Õ ‡ °‘ ¥ · ≈ – ‡ æ “ – ∫à ¡ ¡ “ ‡ ªì π ‡ « ≈ “ π “ π ® π ‡ √’ ¬ ° «à “ ‡ ªì π «‘ ∂’ ™’ «‘ μ À √◊ Õ and way of life with tourism. «—≤π∏√√¡∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ´Ë÷ß«—≤π∏√√¡∑âÕß∂Ë‘ππ’ȇÕ߇ªìπªí®®—¬ ”§—≠∑’Ë®–√Õß√—∫°‘®°√√¡ °“√∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬« πÕ°‡ÀπÕ◊ ‰ª®“°ª√“°Ø°“√≥å¢Õß∏√√¡™“μ‘ The key indicator to sustainable tourism is the attention to ecosys- ¥—ßπÈ—π®÷ß®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–μâÕß¡’°“√ √â“ß°“√‡√’¬π√⟇æË◊Õª√—∫√Ÿª·∫∫°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«„π tem, local cultures and fair access æÈ◊π∑Ë∏’ √√¡™“μ‘Õ¬“à ߇À¡“– ¡ for the locals to benefit from tour- ism. Degraded nature and culture  Ë‘ß∑Ë’‡ªìπμ—«™È’«—¥ ”§—≠∂÷ߧ«“¡¬Ë—߬◊π¢Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«§◊Õ°“√§”π÷ß∂÷ߧÿ≥§à“ and conflicts with local communi- ·≈–§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß√–∫∫𑇫»·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡∑’˧ßÕ¬àŸ‰¥â·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡∑’Ë ties in many parts of the country ™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π®–‡¢â“∂÷ߺ≈ª√–‚¬™πå∑’ˇ°‘¥¢È÷π®“°°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ´Ë÷ß∂â“À“°∑—Èß show there is a long way to go to ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“μ‘·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡ ·≈–¡’§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß°—∫™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ achieve sustainable tourism. Õ¬à“ß∑’˪√“°ØÀ≈“¬æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π¢≥–πÈ’πÈ—π Õÿμ “À°√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ¢Õ߉∑¬ ®–°Õà „À‡â °‘¥§«“¡¬ß—Ë ¬π◊ ‰¥Õâ ¬“à ߉√ 49 情¿“§¡ -  ß‘ À“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008

 ¡— ¿“…≥æå ‡‘ »… INTERVIEW Potjana Suansri æ®π“  «π»√’ Ecotourism & Beyond «“à ¥â«¬™ÿ¡™π °—∫Õ’‚§∑—«√å Keurmaetha Rerkpornpipat ‡°◊ÈÕ‡¡∏“ ƒ°…åæ√æ‘æ≤— πå Ecotourism is not her calling. But the misconception ¡‘„™à§«“¡μß—È „®·μμà πâ ∑Ë®’ –‡¢“â ¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑ ßà ‡ √¡‘ of non-governmental °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ·μ¥à ⫬¡¡ÿ ∑¡Ë’ Õß°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë « organizations or NGOs as «à“‰¡à„™‡à 撬߇√ÕË◊ ßæ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„® À“° a hurdle to development  “¡“√∂‡ªπì °√–∫«π°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢“â Õ°‡¢“â „® prompted Potjana to take ·≈–·≈°‡ª≈Ë’¬π‡√’¬π√Ÿªâ √– ∫°“√≥å ª√–°Õ∫°∫— up tourism as a powerful ‡¡Õ◊Ë 10 °«à“ª∑ï ’Ë·≈«â ¿“æ≈°— …≥å¢ÕßÕߧ°å √ tool to communicate with æ≤— π“‡Õ°™π„𠓬쓠—ߧ¡∑«Ë— ‰ª§Õ◊ º¢âŸ ¥— outsiders the works the ¢«“ß°“√æ—≤π“ „π∞“𖇮“â Àπâ“∑’ËÕߧå°√ Thai Volunteer Service æ≤— π“‡Õ°™π¢Õß¡Ÿ≈π∏‘ Õ‘ “ “ ¡—§√‡æÕË◊  —ߧ¡ (TVS), her organization then, ´ßË÷ ¡’Àπ“â ∑’ Ë ßà Õ“ “ ¡—§√≈߉ª∑”ß“π„πæ◊πÈ ∑Ë’ accomplished. For her, æ®π“  «π»√’ ®÷߉¥πâ ”°“√∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ «¡“„™â‡ªπì tourism is more than just ‡§√ÕË◊ ß¡Õ◊ „π°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢“â „®‡°Ë¬’ «°∫— ß“π recreation, but a process æ—≤π“„πæÈπ◊ ∑’Ë¢ÕßÕߧ°å √æ—≤π“‡Õ°™π°∫— to understand, learn and  —ߧ¡¿“¬πÕ° À≈—ß®“°ππÈ— ‰¡àπ“πæ®π“°Á°“â « experience. She jumped ‡¢“â  «Ÿà ß°“√∏ÿ√°®‘ ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«Õ¬“à ߇μ¡Á μ«— °Õà π to the Community-Based ®–ºπ— μ—«‡Õß°≈∫— ¡“∑”ß“π à߇ √‘¡°“√∑Õà ß Tourism Institute (CBT-I) to ‡∑¬’Ë «„π√–¥—∫™¡ÿ ™πÕ°’ §√—Èß„ππ“¡ ∂“∫π— °“√ work full-time on community- ∑Õà ߇∑ˬ’ «‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π¢π÷È ¡“ ´Ë÷ß à«πÀπËß÷ ‰¥â√∫— based tourism, with backing °“√ π∫—  ππÿ ®“° ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑πÿ  π∫—  ππÿ from the Thailand Research °“√«®‘ —¬ ( °«.) Fund (TRF). 50 æ情ƒ¿…“¿§“¡§¡- - ‘ß À‘ß“À§“¡§¡2525151 MMaayy -- AAuugguusstt 22000088

情¿“§¡ -  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 May - August 2008 51

æ®π“  «π»√’ ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ§π∑”ß“π„π·«¥«ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« Ms Potjana is happy to share her passion ‡™‘ß𑇫»¡“μ—Èß·μà¬ÿ§∫ÿ°‡∫‘° ‡∏Õ®÷ß —Ëß ¡ª√– ∫°“√≥å·≈–∫∑ and experiences as a pioneer in ecotourism. ‡√¬’ π‰«â¡“°¡“¬ ´ßË÷ æ√âÕ¡·≈«â ∑Ë’®–¡“∫Õ°‡≈“à  ºàŸ ÕŸâ à“π What inspired you to take up ecotourism? ·√ß∫π— ¥“≈„®Õ–‰√∑Ë’∑”„Àâ¡“∑”ß“π‡√◊ËÕß°“√∑Õà ߇∑¬’Ë «‡™ß‘ 𑇫» While working at the Thai Volunteer ‡√Ë‘¡®“°μÕππ—Èπ∑”ß“π∑’Ë¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘Õ“ “ ¡—§√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ ·≈⫇√“√Ÿâ ÷°«à“ Service (TVS), we got a feeling that NGOs ¿“æ≈—°…≥å¢Õ߇ÕÁπ®’‚Õ„π “¬μ“ “∏“√≥–·≈–√—∞‰¡à§àÕ¬¥’ ∑È—ß∑’ˇÕÁπ®’‚Õ were bad guys in the eyes of the public. ‡¢â“‰ª à߇ √‘¡°“√æ—≤π“∑“߇≈◊Õ° ‰¡à«à“‡°…μ√ª≈Õ¥ “√ ºâ“¬âÕ¡ ’ Although we promoted alternative develop- ∏√√¡™“μ‘ §πÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ªÉ“ °“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π ‡ªìπ¡‘μ‘„π‡™‘ß ments, such as toxic-free farming, natural dye ∫«° ‡™‘ßߥߓ¡ ·μà§π‰¡§à àÕ¬‡ÀπÁ ®–‡ÀÁπ·μà„π‡™ß‘ ¢Õß°“√ª√–∑«â ß §Õ◊ clothing, community forest and community- §π‰¡à‡¢â“„®«à“‡ÕÁπ®’‚Õ°”≈—ß∑”Õ–‰√„πæÈ◊π∑Ë’ Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë Õ߇√“∂Ÿ°¡Õß«à“§π based resource management, which are posi- ®–∑”ß“π‡ÕÁπ®’‚Õ‰¥â μâÕß∑‘Èß∑ÿ° Ë‘ß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ·≈⫉ª∑”ß“π‡æ◊ËÕ¡«≈™π tive forces, the public often saw us as protest- ‡√“‡≈¬Õ¬“°®–‡ª≈’ˬπ«‘∏’§‘¥„À¡à«à“§ÿ≥®–∑”ß“πÕ“ “ ¡—§√°Á‰¥â‚¥¬‰¡à ers. The second misperception is that NGO μâÕß≈–∑‘Èß∑ÿ° Ë‘ß∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ·μà¢Õ„À⇢Ⓞ® —ߧ¡·≈–√⟫à“μ—«‡Õß¡’∑—°…– staff must sacrifice their whole life for the Õ–‰√ ´÷Ëß§π®–¡’ ”π÷°‡æ◊ËÕ ß— §¡‰¥â ‡¢“μâÕß≈߉ª¥Ÿ ‰ª√⟠‰ª‡ÀπÁ π’Ë®ß÷ ‡ªìπ public. I want to right such wrong views and ·√ß®Ÿß„®Õ—π∑’Ë Õß«à“‡√“®– √â“ߧπ„Àâ¡’ ”π÷°∑“ß —ߧ¡‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ show that you can do social services and still ª√–‡¥πÁ ∑ Ë’ “¡§Õ◊ ™«à ßπÈ—πªï 2535 - 2536 ¡°’ √–· ‡√ËÕ◊ ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑¬Ë’ «∑Ë’ remain your own self. My third inspiration ¬—Ë߬◊π ∑”„Àâ‡√“‡°‘¥°“√μ—Èߧ”∂“¡«à“°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«®–¬—Ë߬◊π‰¥â®√‘ßÀ√◊Õ is a sustainable tourism campaign which ran ‡ª≈à“∂⓬—߉¡à‡ª≈Ë’¬π«‘∏’§‘¥·≈–°√–∫«π°“√ ¢≥–∑’ˇ√“°Á¡—°∂Ÿ°∑â“∑“¬«à“ between 1992 and 1993. We wondered how ‡ÕπÁ ®’‚Õ¡°— ‡ªπì ·∫∫π’ȇ ¡Õ §◊Õ™Õ∫μȗߧ”∂“¡ ·μà‰¡à¬Õ¡À“∑“ßÕÕ° ‡√“ tourism can be sustained if our mindset and °Á‡≈¬§‘¥«à“ ∑“ßÕÕ°∑Ë’πà“®–‡ªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡§◊Õº ¡º “π√–À«à“ß°“√∑àÕß processes remained unchanged. At the time, ‡∑’ˬ«°—∫°“√π”§π¢â“ßπÕ°‰ª‡¢â“„®‡ÕÁπ®’‚Õ „™â°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«π”‰ª Ÿà°“√ we were criticized that NGOs were only good ·∫àߪíπ°“√√—∫√Ÿâ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„®„Àâ°—∫§π ·≈â«≈Õß„Àâ™ÿ¡™π‡¢â“¡“¡’ at posing questions but doing nothing. So we ∫∑∫“∑∑“ß°“√∑Õà ߇∑Ë’¬« ·≈«â ¥Ÿ«“à ‰ª‰¥Àâ √Õ◊ ‡ª≈“à π—Ëπ‡ªπì ®¥ÿ ‡√‘¡Ë μπâ thought tourism could be a tool to let the pub- lic get to know NGOs better. After all, noth- ¡“∑”ß“π‡ªìπ ∂“∫π— °“√∑Õà ߇∑¬Ë’ «‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π‰¥Õâ ¬“à ߉√ ing inspires people to work for the society μÕππ—πÈ æÕ‡μ√¬’ ¡™ÿ¡™π·≈â«°‡Á °‘¥§”∂“¡«“à „§√®–¡“‡∑¬Ë’ « ∑π’ È¡’ —π°Á better than a hands-on experience. Tourism is thus a way to create understanding and an ¢—¥°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬∑Ë’Àâ“¡¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘∑”ß“π„π≈—°…≥–‡°Á∫‡ß‘π ‡√“°Á‡≈¬§‘¥«à“∂â“ opportunity for the community to play a part. Õ¬“°∑”ß“πμ√ß®ÿ¥π’È·≈⫉¡àμâÕß¡“æ÷Ëßæ“ß∫ª√–¡“≥‡ÕÁπ®’‚Õ∑Ë’°Á¡’πâÕ¬ We have kept the ball rolling ever since. π¥‘ Õ¬Ÿà·≈â«  ÿ¥∑⓬°‡Á ≈¬μ¥—  π‘ „®·¬°ÕÕ°¡“®¥∑–‡∫’¬π„π√Ÿª¢Õß∫√…‘ ∑— Õ°’ Õ¬“à ߧ◊Õ‡ªìπ‡√ÕË◊ ß∑∑’Ë â“∑“¬¥«â ¬ ‡æ√“–·μ‡à ¥¡‘ ‡√“„Àâ∫√…‘ ∑— ™«à ¬¢“¬∑—«√å How did you land at the Thailand „ÀâÀπàÕ¬ ∫√‘…—∑°Á∫Õ°«à“‰¡à¡’§π¡“‡∑’ˬ«·∫∫πÈ’À√Õ° πË’°Á‡ªìπ·√ß®Ÿß„® Community-Based Tourism Institute (CBT-I)? ÀπË÷ß∑’ˇ√“®–μâÕß∑”„À≥⠷μà∑’π’ȇ√“∑”®π∂÷ߢȗπ«à“®–‡μ√’¬¡™ÿ¡™πÕ¬à“߉√ ‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡μ≈“¥¬—ß‰ß ∑”®π∂÷ߢ—Èπ¡’Õߧ姫“¡√⟷≈â« ‡¡Ë◊Õ We had worked so hard to the point that  ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬¡’ß“π«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·≈â«°Á¡’‡√Ë◊Õß we knew how to prepare the community ∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡°‘¥¢È÷π¡“‡¬Õ– ·μà‰¡à “¡“√∂‡Õ“ß“π«‘®—¬‰ªμàÕ¬Õ¥„π‡√◊ËÕß and the market to embrace ecotourism. The ¢Õß°“√μ≈“¥À√◊Õ¢¬“¬º≈„π‡™‘ßπ‚¬∫“¬‰¥â ‡√“®÷߬ÿμ‘∫∑∫“∑∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® Thailand Research Fund (TRF) had studied ·≈«â ∑”ß“π√«à ¡°—∫ ”π°— ß“π°Õß∑πÿ  π∫—  πÿπ°“√«®‘ —¬ μÈß— ‡ªπì  ∂“∫π— °“√ various aspects of ecotourism, but the works ∑àÕ߇∑ˬ’ «‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π¢πÈ÷ °≈—∫¡“‡≈πà ∫∑∫“∑ à߇ √¡‘ ·≈–‡ªπì æË’‡≈Ȭ’ ß„À°â ∫— had not been put to good use in terms of mar- ™¡ÿ ™π ´ß÷Ë ª®í ®∫ÿ —π‡√“¡’‡§√◊Õ¢“à ¬ 50 °«à“™ÿ¡™π keting or policy-making. Tour agencies did not trust ecotourism programs could take ¡Õß°“√ ßà ‡ √‘¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«‡™‘ß𑇫»¢Õß¿“§√—∞„πª®í ®∫ÿ —π«“à Õ¬“à ߉√ off, while our foundation itself was neither μÕππ’°È ∂Á Õ◊ «à“´“Ê ≈߉ª À≈ß— ®“°∑Ë’‰¡à¡’‡®“â ¿“æ∑™’Ë —¥‡®π ‡æ√“–‡¡◊ÕË legally nor financially capable to run a show. These factors drove us to register a company. ¡’°“√μÈ—ß°√–∑√«ß„À¡à §◊Õ°√–∑√«ß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«·≈–°’Ó °Á¡’°“√·∫àß The company has worked in conjunction with Àπâ“∑’Ë„Àâ°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡“∑”‡√◊ËÕß°“√μ≈“¥  ”π—° TRF under the CBT-I’s banner to support and æ—≤π“°“√°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬«¡“∑”„π´’°™ÿ¡™π π’ˇªìπ®ÿ¥Àπ÷Ëß∑Ë’∑”„Àâ°“√∑àÕß advise communities. Our network now cov- ‡∑Ë’¬« –¥ÿ¥Õ¬Ÿà‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ‡æ√“–°ÁμâÕ߬ա√—∫«à“§π¢Õß°“√∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ers some 50 communities. 52 What is your opinion of the state-run eco- tourism campaign? Ecotourism craze is on the wane now because it is not clear who plays the host of the program. Since the set-up of the Tourism æ情ƒ¿…“¿§“¡§¡- - ß‘ Àß‘ “À§“¡§¡2525151 MMaayy -- AAuugguusstt 22000088