MERO INTERNATIONAL - MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS GLOBAL MEDICAL ASSISTANCE

MERO INTERNATIONAL MEDICINE ● EMERGENCY ● RESEARCH ● OCEANOGRAPHY ● SOCIODEMOGRAPHY 1920 1

MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS CENTURIES FOR HUMANITY Geneva Conventions of 1949 2

MEDICINE EMERGENCY RESEARCH OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIODEMOGRAPHY MERO INTERNATIONAL MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS WORLD HEADQUARTERS PARIS-FRANCE Geneva Conventions of 1949 Skype: merointernational, mi-dab [email protected], [email protected] 3

MERO INTERNATIONAL MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS Spiritual Attributions To Alicia Nicole and Andy Nicholas Each time I fathom my thoughts to you both, I feel enlightenment in my core. To Ely -Juan-Alfredo-Gabriel El Famoso Pan Árabe To all the children that you feed knowingly or unknowingly, I embrace your goodwill, social awareness and contributions to Humanity; I will feel unsatisfied if I didn‘t also mention your Office Personnel. May you all, always be a part of my deepest thoughts. To Daniel Sanchez For your help, when times were down, and your understanding towards Human Sustainability; you helped to titivate the glow in Humanity. To The People of Africa May the Gods embrace you for your hard work, and that someday you all will endure foreseeable results; ending poverty and sharing prosperity. To The People of Latin America You were there for me every step of the way, and I wholeheartedly appreciate everything you‘ve done for me. Allow me to express my sincerest gratitude for the opportunity you have given me. 4

Dedications I dedicate our work to our Masters in Tibet, to which I owe the most authentic and comprehensive period of my life, for their knowledge and teachings; showing me the truth, justice, spiritual values and humanity. And to all the people of Africa, Arab League, Latin America, India, Tibet and Nepal, thanks for sharing with me their spiritual strength. To Nelly J. Martinez Polanco, towards her spiritual awareness and understanding; may your life give you full enjoyment and let the 16 of November always meet you with fulfilment. To Klaudia Ggryga, forgive if you may, love if you must; may your dreams take you to the end of the rainbow, so that you may see the glow as you stand on the green meadow. To Jerzy Babkowski, to whom I share a great admiration for his ego, drive and empathy; may the sun rise at noon day give him energy to deem his perusals and bring forth an abridge version towards his utmost benefits, a friend to me and a friend to humanity. To my dear friends the Gallants, for their oneness and tricks that appeal to their minds and emotions, just by looking at them with their most eminent personalities; put you in deep thought and reflection, which meets with a conviction in the most pressing needs of time; one can put aside their preoccupation. In their own way they are unique and can be quite mischievous fellows, giving you a laugh to remember that sink into the hearts and minds of listeners. 5

MERO INTERNATIONAL MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS CONTENTS I. MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY 07 II. INFORMATION 08 III. AN OVERVIEW 09 IV. GLOBAL MEDICAL ASSISTANCE 10 V. MANDATE - MISSION 14 VI. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 23 VII. HIV-AIDS PROGRAMME 42 VIII. THE UN VIEWS TOWARDS EXTREME POVERTY 96 IX. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY 98 X. THE CENTRIES OF HUMANITY 99 XI. MANAGEMENT 102 XII. MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS IN FOCUS 103 XIII. ORGANOGRAM 106 XIV. CHILDREN‘S HOSPITALS 121 XV. WILDLIFE PROGRAMME 125 XXVI. CLIMATE CHANCE-ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME 126 XXVII. OPERATION METHODOLOGY 129 XXVIII. WES TECHNOLOGY 132 XXIV. CONCLUSION 136 XXV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 136 XXVI. BIBLIOGRAPHY 140 XXVII. THE END 143 6

MERO INTERNATIONAL MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS Management Philosophy MERO INTERNATIONAL – MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; is a drug free and non-smoking environmental Society, their philanthropy is encompassing the developmental mission, goal and techniques of implementation; therefore providing developing structures and systems of their actives in the domain of sustainable human development economic programmes, contribute to the support of medicine, medical assistance, research, emergency, relief assistance for the victims of wars, armed conflicts, natural disasters, economic and social development thru healthcare, human rights, abject extreme poverty, educational programmes and projects targeting children, particularly in the under-privileged groups. MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS are the providers of global medical assistance of MERO INTERNATIONAL, a member of the philanthropic, social, educational, cultural and scientific family, whose objectives are to promote medicine, emergency, research, oceanography, and support better healthcare, human rights, human sustainability, world environment, climate change and abject extreme poverty. Promote friendly relations among nations: facilitate to maintain international peace and security, irrespective of a country‘s political, constitutional and social differences. 7

MERO INTERNATIONAL MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS Information Entity: Charitable, International Non-Governmental Organisation, Non-Profit Activities: Medicine■Emergency■Research■Oceanography■Soiciodemography Name: MERO INTERNATIONAL Authorized Person: Mervyn Maastricht Carl McYearwood Title: Ambassador / Chairman / International Coordinator Locations: France, Switzerland, Canada, Arab League, Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Latin America, Caribbean, New Zealand, Australia, Ukraine, UK, USA and most of the World's Poorest and Lesser Developed Countries Email: [email protected],[email protected] Skype: merointernational, mi-dab, mero-international Inceptions: 1920, 1971, 1982, 1991, 2000, 2005 ID No. H-99-0371561 31693141 CAC-02498533-96 ITC47-VOL0359DG J-30688935-3 4562 IR – XX/RQSUP/05/HPIRQ 8

MERO INTERNATIONAL MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS An Overview The aspirations of this work are for those anywhere in the world to correspond to the desires of the people living without proper medical care and under extreme poverty, and to the scientists, medical doctors and professionals of healthcare in general, professors of schools, and the common man; to create a social awareness that shows the orderly format and the complete contents discipline; to the doctors and all the other professionals of healthcare a content adapted that makes public health and living conditions better, alleviating the work that implies to systematise and teaching. We are not trying to make this work replaces the importance of public health process and education learning, in which immersed professionals with their work, neither do we intend to terrify the patients and/or victims; we only release this work as an obligation to deepen their knowledge and to direct their education towards their autonomic and the freedom of expression and choice. This work is going to be very useful not only for the Healthcare Professionals but also for the Public Prosecutors, Defenders of Human Rights, Lawyers and the common people; which can be used as a guidance to help solve problems of healthcare and extreme poverty, whereupon which they face in their exercises and in their daily life. It constitutes for us an honour, rejoice and acknowledgement to all the persons who gave us an improvement in our career and learning light. Special thanks to the persons who fulfill spiritual emptiness and knowledge when appears: Dr. Jorge Escribens a medical doctor, who delegates his profession in assisting others and a good friend. Dr. Ibrahim Pazos a medical doctor, with virtue of family values and inspirations toward humanity, a friend we‘ll always remember. Arch. Victor Manuel Houtman Hernandez an Architect at heart, whose wisdom and friendship will travel with us endlessly. 9

MERO INTERNATIONAL MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS Global Medical Assistance Non-Governmental Non-Profit Society Kindly afford me, for and on behalf of MERO INTERNATIONAL - MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS: Medicine-Emergency-Research-Oceanography- International Human Rights; the opportunity to present our Society; for your esteemed funding consideration and support. We have completed scientific researches, achieving environmental sustainability, as well as conceptual, analytical, and methodological issues relating to projects and programmes, economic analysis, statistical data and measurement. Provide medicine, medical assistance, healthcare, and extreme poverty programmes for developing and least developed countries, and are continually focusing our efforts to combat infectious diseases, such as dengue, malaria, yellow fever, hiv/aids and zika, to name a few; we also integrate our work towards climate change by researching the amplify degradation and loss of natural resources worldwide. MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; Inception 1920, 1971, 1982, 1991, 1994 & 2000, with ID Nos.H-99-0371561, 31693141, CAC- 02498533-96, ITC47-VOL0359DG and J-30688935-3. Our approach is to provide the expertise, tools and opportunities through communal integration and state supports; for the advancement to human sustainability, medicine, health care and better living conditions worldwide. In the Jungle of the Amazon, Brazil We provide work experience programmes to meet the individual developmental needs of people with disability. The activity programmes support people to develop life skills that will enable them to truly participate in their community, and have more enjoyable and fulfilled lives. Through a wide range of programme options, we support people to develop skills in communication, advocacy, education, personal development, making and keeping friends, interpreting social situations, and preparing for employment. Our Services focuses on meeting individual needs; people choose which programme options they want to participate in to meet their personal goals. 10

Thru community interaction, we are able to provide: Skill development to support community participation Coaching and teaching life skills and competencies Supported employment assistance Work experience opportunities Prevocational skill development A structured day away from home Opportunities to build friendships Increased social interactions to extend community networks Global Enhancement towards Better Living Conditions Throughout the world, in countries rich and poor, there are people that have no or little access neither to basic physical and mental healthcare, nor to immunizations from infectious disease. We believe that the right to divinity, medicine, health care, freedom and better living extends to all humans; and must be promoted to well-being, prevention of illness and disease, not just access to medical care. This includes, among many others, the right to education, food and shelter, to freedom from discrimination and persecution, to information, and to the benefits of science. Every woman, man, and child should have the human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, without discrimination of any kind. Enjoyment of human right to health, freedom and better living, are vital to all aspects of a person‘s life and well- being, and is crucial to the realisation of many other fundamentals. MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; provide their services across borders; is pleased to submit our request for your review. We look forward for your funding assistance to our Organisation efforts to continue providing our services in abjection to extreme poverty, health care, hiv/aids, malaria and other infectious diseases, natural disaster relief, democracy, education and human rights in under-developed and developing countries. 11

MI Doctors Across Borders Global Medical Assistance Programme Our proposal requests your economic assistance, for our continuous work in medicine, Education, extreme Poverty, hiv/aids, and other infectious diseases revolving programmes, to provide our services without borders to enable the non-low-and moderate-income residents of the world; the opportunity toward better living conditions. Our programme model is creative in promoting opportunities for people in all sectors in all countries in need of basic necessities, and at the same time; with the objectives, promoting democracy and social awareness. For the last twenty three years, MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS has successfully provided their services to India, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean Communities. We have assisted more than 1,585,000 persons in medicine, medical assistance, preventive medicine, extreme poverty, natural disaster relief, democracy and social awareness. The proposed project of medicine, healthcare, medical attention and extreme poverty is based on the generation of MERO INTERNATIONAL, an institution that offers their services to the attention of the healthy, ill and corresponding support to familiar groups. In order to carry out these activities, it is required to make investments in the construction of the Principal Office, Hospitals, Medical Centres and Attention Centres and their dowry, as well as the need for the necessary resources for the operational costs. Your ongoing economic assistance in our programmes and projects will enable us to continue to effectively serve the impoverished communities, and the poor residents of the world. 12

MI Personnel Round Table Discussion Thank you for your esteemed consideration in MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS. We envision building upon our collaborative success by developing our Democracy, Education, Extreme Poverty, Medicine, Health Care, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Dengue, Yellow Fever, HIV/AIDS and Zika and other Infectious Diseases revolving programmes with you. Your assistant can make a different between a better world, and that of a living nightmare. We at MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; do hope that you will consider our humanitarian efforts, as a world necessity and thank you for sharing your time with us. STATUTE: \"MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS\" General Provisions Established in 1920, MERO INTERNATIONAL-MEDICINE, EMERGENCY, RESEARCH, OCEANOGRAPHY, SOCIODEMOGRAPHY INTERNATIONAL, for the undertaking of medicine, health care, human rights, human sustainability, education, ending poverty, socio-economic development, architecture, engineering, law, economic analysis, project management, environmentalist, bio-technology, information-communication technology, eco green energy technology, science, small and medium industries, hospital, school, colleges, university, economic development, housing, agriculture, food technology, and other activities for the benefit of humanity. 13

MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; operates worldwide; helping people affected by conflict and armed violence and promoting the laws that protect victims of war and human rights. An independent and neutral organization, its mandate stems essentially from the Geneva Conventions of 1949. With their World Headquarters in Paris-France and their Secretariat in Geneva-Switzerland, have over 27,500 voluntaries in more than 185 countries. MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; is funded mainly by voluntary donations from Private Institutions, International Foundations and NGO Societies. MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS MANDATE/MISSION The work of the MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; is based on the Geneva Conventions of 1949, their Additional Protocols, its Statutes – and those of its divisions; MI DIRECT: MI Data-International Law- Resettlement-Environment-Climate Change-Transformation, MI ALERT, MI HCARE, MI-PHARM, MIIST, The SETH Prize, MI Symphony Orchestra, MI WES Technology, MI-SET: Safety-Emergency-Training, MI FAN-Food-Agriculture- Nutrition, DAA, MI CUP, MI AHP: MI Affordable Housing Programme and MI KinderCare. MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; is an independent and neutral organisation; ensuring humanitarian sustainability and protection and assistance for victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence. It takes action in response to emergencies and at the same time promotes respect for International Humanitarian Law and its implementation in International Law. 14

MI Doctors Across Borders Global Responsibility MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; is a drug free and non-smoking environmental Society, their philanthropy is encompassing the developmental mission, goal and techniques of implementation; therefore providing developing structures and systems of their actives in the domain of medicine, health care, sustainable human, socio-economic development programmes. We contribute to the support of medicine, medical assistance, research, emergency, relief assistance for the victims of wars, armed conflicts, natural disasters, food and housing programmes, economic and social development thru healthcare, human rights, abject extreme poverty, educational programmes and projects targeting children, particularly in the under- privileged groups. MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; is a member of the philanthropic, social, educational, cultural and scientific family, whose objectives are to promote medicine, medical assistance, healthcare, protects human rights and the world environment, and abject extreme poverty. Promote friendly relations among nations: facilitate to maintain international peace and security, irrespective of a country‘s political, constitutional and social differences. 15

MI Maternal Centre: Micronutrient Deficiencies in Early Pregnancy Analysis MERO INTERNATIONAL medical arm is MI DOCTORS ACTOSS BORDERS; which provide Medical Doctors, Environmentalist, HCare Professionals and Engineers, with worldwide services. MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS work with Governments, Institutions and Private Enterprises; to facilitate healthily working environment, hcare and better living toward humanity. MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; adopted the initiative stated in the original Geneva Convention of 1864. Since then, with continuous support has constantly work with governments to adapt International Humanitarian Law to improve living conditions, in particular to modern developments in the means and methods of human sustainability and warfare, so as to provide more effective protection and assistance for conflict victims. Objectives 1… Provide medicine, medical and healthcare services, emergency assistance, scientific research, oceanography, soicodemography, construction, schools, colleges, universities, education institutions, light and medium size industries, economic developments, free dispensaries, centres for poor feeding, affordable housing and elders‘ homes for the aged for the benefit of humanity. 16

2... Providing for grants, scholarships, fellowships and other forms of financial assistance to the needy and deserving students for pursuing education, vocational training, skill development etc. 3... Granting of financial assistance to educational institution for granting scholarships, prizes, medals, awards for excellence in studies, sports and scientific research, distribution of books and computers for poor and deserving students. 4... Establishment, conduct, maintenance of clinical laboratories, hospitals, nursing homes, dispensaries and institutions of similar nature and providing financial assistance to the deserving persons for medical treatment, and medical. 5... Providing the MERO INTERNATIONAL – MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; The SETH PRIZE, for the Greatest Achievements in SETH-Science, Economic, Technology and Humanity, for the Benefit of Mankind, which shall be awarded every three years. 6... Establishment, conduct, maintenance of old age homes, homes for physically challenged men, women and children and persons with similar disabilities and also for granting financial assistance to institutions performing similar activities. 7... Provide and contribute towards education, scientific research and development. 8... Providing relief to the poor and advancing other object of general humane utility. 17

Under-Nutrition Below The Age Of Six Months There are millions of Under-Nutrition Children needing help Mission MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; and its divisions; MI DIRECT, MI ALERT, MI HCare, MI-Pharm, MIIST, MI WES Programme, MI FAN, MI DAA, MI SET, MI AHP, SBAI- MI C HRI LP and MI KinderCare; are impartial, neutral and independent divisions of our organisation; whose exclusively humanitarian mission to provide human sustainability, protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict, civil unrest, human rights and other situations of violence and basic needs. MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; endeavours their efforts and services to prevent suffering, by promoting and strengthening Humanitarian Law and Universal Humanitarian Principles. Give An Opportunity To Reduce Human Suffering 18

Humanity MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; brings assistance without discrimination to human sustainability, extreme poverty, the injured person in civil crisis and wounded on the battlefield, and to prevent and assuage human suffering at all course. Its purpose is to protect life and health and to ensure respect of dignity and equity of the human being, promote mutual understanding, friendship, co- operation and lasting peace amongst all peoples. Impartiality MERO INTERNATIONAL–MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; has no discrimination; as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, sex, age, class or political opinions; it endeavours to relieve the suffering of individuals, being guided solely by their needs, and to give priority to the most urgent cases of distress. Neutrality In order to continue to enjoy the confidence of all, MERO INTERNATIONAL– MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; will not take sides in hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature. Independence MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; is independent. The Society, while auxiliary in humanitarian services and subject to the Laws of their respective countries, must always maintain their autonomy so that they may be able at all times to act in accordance with the Principles of the Society. MI Preventive Medicine Programme 19

MI Voluntary Service It is a voluntary relief movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain. More than 1.5 billion people across the world lack access to basic medication, medical attention and healthcare services – mostly because the numbers of healthcare personnel are not enough to accommodate the demand of a growing global population. Our professionals are reaching out; by volunteering their time, skills and expertise worldwide. MI Global Professional Volunteers Field Training MI Volunteers are engage directly in long-term community development projects, such as medicine, emergency, research, oceanography, soicodemography, health, education, agriculture, climate change, environment, engineering, housing, native language, human sustainability, and children development. MI Volunteers are one of the world's leading in global activities; prepares its students for an increasingly global workplace by helping them become competent world citizens, placing them in consulting projects around the world, from a variety of backgrounds provide humanitarian aid in the form of technical assistance, training, and advocacy work. 20

Unity There can be only one MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; with their divisions MI DIRECT, MI ALERT, MI HCare, MI-Pharm, MIIST, SETH, MI WES Programme, MI FAN, MI DAA, SBAI, MI C HRI LP and MI KinderCare in any one country, open to all and carry on its humanitarian work throughout its territory. Universality MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; and its divisions MI DIRECT, MI ALERT, MI HCare, MI-Pharm, SETH, MI WES Programme, MI FAN, MI DAA, SBAI, MI C HRI LP and MI KinderCare, in which the Group of the Society has equal status and share equal responsibilities and duties in helping each other worldwide. Our encumbrance is that we unable to do it alone; help is needed in Developing and Lesser Developed countries for increase healthcare facilities and professionals; the majority of people living in these regions with high poverty levels, in addition to inadequate healthcare. MI Medical Analysis And Treatments MI-MI DAB Goal The main goal of ―MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS‖ are to alleviate suffering of those in distress, to prevent and eliminate the conditions which gave birth to such distress, provide medicine and medical assistance worldwide, health care, to protect human dignity without any discrimination on the grounds of race, sex, age, religion, language, political or other opinions, nationality, ethnic or social origin, property, status and place of residence. 21

MI Doctors Across Borders in Actions In order to meet these goals, in accordance with the legislation in force and following the fundamental principles of ―MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS‖ perform the following objectives: 1… Carries out, for the vulnerable people, the prevention of diseases, protection of public health and improvement of the condition of those in distress, as well as charity programmes in the fields of medicine, medical assistance, healthcare, social assistance, disaster response, education, housing, socio-economic development, psycho-social assistance and public education campaigns; 2… Organises emergency and other kinds of assistance operations for the victims of armed conflicts, natural disasters and other emergency situations, establishes emergency relief services for the victims of disasters of all kinds; 3… Disseminates the Fundamental Principles of ―MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS‖ and the main principles of the International Humanitarian Law; disseminates information about the activities of the Society among the population and in particular among the children and youth, in order to facilitate the formation of the ideals of mutual respect and understanding between all human beings; 4… Provides medicine, medical assistance, social, moral, psychological and other kind of assistance to the vulnerable groups of population, establishing relevant services for this purpose. 22

MI Scientific Research Centre DIABETES HIV-AIDS ASTHMA STROKE PULMONARY CANCER DISEASE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE INFECTIOUS DISEASES MALARIA RHEUMATISM MI Research Progress Report In order to execute the organic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics problems of the people in extreme poverty is to provide the normal access to the basic necessities with quality and integrity. The answer to the enunciated problems ―must‖ be confronted by all concerned; developed countries implement supervision, funding and know-how and the beneficiaries ―must‖ play an active role to decentralise their social, political and economic environment and make continuing efforts to eliminate poverty in all its manifestations. The aims of the research are to enable the categorisations of different populations of patients with different ailments and/or diseases, at a certain time point, according to strict criteria and using terms that are relevant, unambiguous and applicable worldwide. The research system does not primarily aim to influence clinical management or to predict the outcome of individual ailments and/or diseases, nor is it designed as a monitor of the healing process. This research covered a clinical classification system; in line with the International Consensus on Diseases with regard to intention and definitions, and followed the same structure as other consensus texts produced in related fields. 23

MI Extreme Poverty Programme HATI POVERTY AT A RAMPAGE The services at the MI Hospital are provided by a range of health professionals who all have an input into the care of patients. This includes doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and dieticians. MI Hospital is administrated by MERO INTERNATIONAL – MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS, whose purpose is to provide medicine, medical services and research worldwide. The MI Hospital manages services through a structure designed to put patients at the centre of the Society. The MI Hospital Code of Governance provides an overview of the principles, policies, procedures and guidelines by which the MERO INTERNATIONAL- MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS directs and controls its functions and manages its business, it is intended to guide the Directorate, leadership Team and all those working within the MI Hospital; funded by the MERO INTERNATIONAL, in performing their duties to the highest standards of accountability, integrity and propriety. One of our General Hospitals is considered advisable to be located in Haiti, which is the country statistically, is considered necessary based on the demand for healthcare services. In this case, the consulted statistics location will be the region that has the largest population and the Attention Centres will be located in the countryside that has the greatest necessities. 24

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS TREATMENT 2003-01-17 F 92 –C 33 –A 92 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 01 –C FEVER TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 01 –C 01 –C BRONCHITIS 2003-05-25 S 103 –C 35 –A 05 –C RHEUMATISM 01 –C NAUSEA-VOMITING 01 –C 03 –C DIARRHEAS 05 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 51 –C 08 –A ASTHMA 01 –A INFLUENZA 06 –A DENTISTRY 03 –A RHEUMATISM 05 –A DIARRHEAS 05 –A HYPER-TENSION 01 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 18 –A 05 –A DIABETES 13 –A PSYCHIATRY 125 ULCER PAINS 103 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –C DENTISTRY 02 –C 01 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 03 –C FEVER 03 –C 02 –C BRONCHITIS 04 –C RHEUMATISM 21 –C* NAUSEA-VOMITING 78 –C 11 –A DIARRHEAS 03 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 18 –A 03 –A ASTHMA 02 –A INFLUENZA B 01 –A 03 –A DENTISTRY 28 –A* RHEUMATISM 03 –A 10 –A DIARRHEAS 08 –A HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR 138 DIABETES PSYCHIATRY ULCER PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES DENTISTRY TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 25

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 153 –C TREATMENT 2003-08-17 S 153 –C 65 –A 03 –C 08 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 07 –C FEVER 02 –C 2003-11-16 S 127 –C 31 –A 08 –C BRONCHITIS 21 –C DIARRHEAS 78 –C* GASTROENTEROLOGIC 137 –C 11 –A ASTHMA 03 –A INFLUENZA 18 –A UNDERNOURISHED 03 –A DENTISTRY 02 –A RHEUMATISM 01 –A DIARRHEAS 03 –A HYPER-TENSION 28 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 01 –A 52 –A DIABETES 31 –A * PSYCHIATRY 07 –A ULCER 212 PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC 127 –C DEPRESSION 03 –C INFECTIOUS DISEASES 12 –C DENTISTRY 13 –C* 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 05 –C FEVER 23 –C 53 –C BRONCHITIS 12 –A DIARRHEAS 05 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 21 –A 02 –A ASTHMA 06 –A INFLUENZA B 20 –A 01 –A DENTISTRY 03 –A RHEUMATISM 08 –A 19 –A DIARRHEAS HYPER-TENSION 158 CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION INFECTIOUS DISEASES DENTISTRY TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 26

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 97 –C TREATMENT 2002-01-18 F 97 –C 41 –A 02 –C 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 05 –C FEVER 02 –C 2002-07-05 F 112 –C 37 –A 03 –C BRONCHITIS 27 –C DIARRHEAS 71 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 02 –A 03 –A ASTHMA 35 –A* INFLUENZA 05 –A DENTISTRY 03 –A RHEUMATISM 18 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A HYPER-TENSION 12 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 01 –A 03 –A DIABETES PAINS 138 GASTROENTEROLOGIC 112 –C DEPRESSION 01 –C 12 –C INFECTIOUS DISEASES 10 –C* DENTISTRY 02 –C 09 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 21 –C FEVER 12 –A 05 –A BRONCHITIS 20 –A DIARRHEAS 02 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 07 –A 10 –A ASTHMA 06 –A INFLUENZA B 01 –A RHEUMATISM 08 –A DIARRHEAS 149 HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION INFECTIOUS DISEASES TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 27

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 87 –C TREATMENT 2001-12-07 F 87 –C 25–A 03 –C 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 02 –C FEVER 01 –C 2001-12-16 S 107 –C 38 –A 03 –C BRONCHITIS 15 –C DIARRHEAS 37 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 11 –A 01 –A ASTHMA 08 –A INFLUENZA 05 –A DENTISTRY 02 –A RHEUMATISM 01 –A DIARRHEAS 05 –A HYPER-TENSION 03 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 05 –A 05 –A DIABETES ULCER 138 PAINS 107 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –C DEPRESSION 08 –C 03 –C INFECTIOUS DISEASES 04 –C 09 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 03 –C FEVER 15 –C 10 –A BRONCHITIS 02 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 02 –A 06 –A ASTHMA 10 –A INFLUENZA B 05 –A 03 –A HEALTHY 02 –A RHEUMATISM 145 DIARRHEAS HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION INFECTIOUS DISEASES TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 28

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 103 –C TREATMENT 2000-01-15 S 103 –C 35 –A 02 –C 06 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 05 –C FEVER 01 –C 2000-05-05 F 145 –C 105 –A 03 –C BRONCHITIS 07 –C DIARRHEAS 01 –C* GASTROENTEROLOGIC 04 –C 08 –A ASTHMA 03 –A INFLUENZA 05 –A WELFARE-SURGERY 08 –A WELFARE-HOUSING 09 –A RHEUMATISM 15 –A DIARRHEAS 05 –A HYPER-TENSION 02 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 05 –A DIABETES 138 PAINS 145 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –C DEPRESSION 12 –C OBSTETRICS 10 –C 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 07 –C FEVER 12 –C 12 –C* BRONCHITIS 10 –A DIARRHEAS 05 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 21 –A 03 –A ASTHMA 03 –A INFLUENZA 10 –A 03 –A HEALTHY 03 –A RHEUMATISM 01 –A 01 –A DIARRHEAS 03 –A HYPER-TENSION 01 –A* CARDIOVASCULAR 250 DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION URINARY DERMATOLOGIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES WELFARE-SURGERY TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 29

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 129 –C TREATMENT 2000-06-11 S 129 –C 41 –A 07 –C 03 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 05 –C FEVER 02 –C 2000-09-22 F 120 –C 33 –A 13 –C BRONCHITIS 20 –C DIARRHEAS 01 –A GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –A 05 –A ASTHMA 05 –A INFLUENZA 08 –A RHEUMATISM 18 –A DIARRHEAS 09 –A HYPER-TENSION 02 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 03 –A DIABETES 170 PAINS 120 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 01 –C DEPRESSION 02 –C 03 –C INFECTIOUS DISEASES 01 –C 09 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 03 –C FEVER 82 –C 10 –A BRONCHITIS 01 –A DIARRHEAS 11 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 01 –A 16 –A* ASTHMA 10 –A INFLUENZA B 06 –A 01 –A DENTISTRY 05 –A* RHEUMATISM 03 –A 03 –A DIARRHEAS 07 –A HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR 153 DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION KIDNEY PSYCHIATRY INFECTIOUS DISEASES DENTISTRY TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 30

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS TREATMENT 2000-10-21 S 137 –C 45 –A 137 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 07 –C 05 –C FEVER 05 –C 02 –C BRONCHITIS 09 –C 17 –C DIARRHEAS 58 –C 05 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –C* 127 –C ASTHMA 02 –A 03 –A INFLUENZA 35 –A 05 –A UNDERNOURISHED 03 –A 18 –A INFECTIOUS DISEASES 01 –A 12 –A 10-14 PREGNANT 02 –A 21 –A* DENTISTRY 09 –A RHEUMATISM 186 DIARRHEAS 120 –C 05 –C HYPER-TENSION 09 –C 03 –C CARDIOVASCULAR 01 –C 09 –C DIABETES 18 –C 35 –C* PAINS 02 –C* 12 –A GASTROENTEROLOGIC 05 –A 24 –A DEPRESSION 08 –A 21 –A HEPATITIS B 20 –A 05 –A INFECTIOUS DISEASES 53 –A* 27 –A* DENTISTRY 08 –A* TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 253 2000-10-22 S 120 –C 133 –A PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION FEVER BRONCHITIS DIARRHEAS GASTRENTEROLOGIC ASTHMA INFLUENZA UNDERNOURISHED INFECTIOUS DISEASES RHEUMATISM DIARRHEAS HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION INFECTIOUS DISEASES DRUGS TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 31

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 55 –C TREATMENT 1999-06-13 S 55 –C 28 –A 02 -C 01 -C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 05 -C FEVER 01 –C 1999-11-21 S 43 –C 25 –A 03 –C BRONCHITIS 15 –C DIARRHEAS 15 –A GASTROENTEROLOGIC 01 –A 08 –A ASTHMA 08 –A INFLUENZA B 05 –A RHEUMATISM 10 –A 05 –A DIARRHEAS HYPER-TENSION 83 CARDIOVASCULAR 43 –C DIABETES 03 –C PAINS 02 –C 01 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 05 –C 01 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 04 –C FEVER 10 –C 06 –A BRONCHITIS 01 –A RHEUMATISM 18 –A 08 –A DIARRHEAS 02 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 01 –A 01 –A* ASTHMA 01 –A INFLUENZA RHEUMATISM 78 DIARRHEAS HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PSYCHIATRY WELFARE-HOUSING ULCER TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 32

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 97 –C TREATMENT 1998-01-25 S 97 –C 21 –A 02 -C 01 -C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 03 –C FEVER 02 –C 1998-08-23 S 147 –C 38 –A 03 –C BRONCHITIS 07 –C DIARRHEAS 02 –A GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –A 10 –A ASTHMA 05 –A INFLUENZA 03 –A RHEUMATISM 18 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A HYPER-TENSION 11 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 118 DIABETES PAINS 147 –C 05 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 10 –C DEPRESSION 03 –C 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 25 –C* FEVER 13 –C 15 –C* BRONCHITIS 01 –C DIARRHEAS 18 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 05 –A 01 –A ASTHMA 09 –A INFLUENZA B 16 –A* UNDERNOURISHED 10 –A 01 –A KIDNEY 03 –A RHEUMATISM 09 –A* DIARRHEAS 185 HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION INFECTIOUS DISEASES TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 33

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 117 –C TREATMENT 1998-09-11 F 117 –C 34 –A 09 –C* 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 05 –C FEVER 02 –C 1998-10-18 S 170 –C 30 –A 13 –C BRONCHITIS 23 –C DIARRHEAS 98 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 20 –A* 05 –A ASTHMA 05 –A INFLUENZA 05 –A DENTISTRY 09 –A RHEUMATISM 10 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A HYPER-TENSION 02 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 05 –A DIABETES 151 PAINS 170 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –C DEPRESSION 12 –C DENTISTRY 03 –C 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 09 –C FEVER 09 –C 89 –C* BRONCHITIS 10 –A DIARRHEAS 03 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 01 –A 02 –A ASTHMA 02 –A INFLUENZA 16 –A* UNDERNOURISHED 10 –A RHEUMATISM 03 –A DIARRHEAS 03 –A HYPER-TENSION 02 –A HYPO-TENSION 03 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 200 DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION ULCER INFECTIOUS DISEASES TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 34

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 46 –C TREATMENT 1998-11-29 S 46 –C 12 –A 05 –C 01 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 06 –C FEVER 03 –C 1998-12-20 S 853 –C* 228 –A 15 –C BRONCHITIS 01 –C DIARRHEAS TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 07 –A 01 –A ASTHMA 08 –A INFLUENZA 01 –A WELFARE & SURGERY 01 –A RHEUMATISM 01 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A HYPER-TENSION 58 CARDIOVASCULAR C&A DIABETES DEPRESSION 1,081 ULCER NATURAL DISASTER VICTIMS MEDICINE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE 300 MATTRESSES 55 PAIRS OF CHILDREN SHOES CLOTHES C & A 2 CONTAINERS OF MILK POWDER 1,000 kg OF RICE FLOOD VICTIMS IN 1998 MERO INTERNATIONAL - MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS Global Responsibility 35

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 97 –C TREATMENT 1997-04-04 F 97 –C 40 –A 04 –C 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 03 –C FEVER 02 –C 1997-08-03 S 111 –C 31 –A 09 –C BRONCHITIS 07 –C DIARRHEAS 37 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 02 –A 09 –A* ASTHMA 05 –A INFLUENZA 05 –A DENTISTRY 03 –A RHEUMATISM 11 –A DIARRHEAS 07 –A HYPER-TENSION 12 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 13 –A DIABETES 137 PAINS 111 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –C DEPRESSION 12 –C DENTISTRY 13 –C 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 05 –C FEVER 07 –C 05 –C BRONCHITIS 18 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 01 –A 07 –A* ASTHMA 09 –A INFLUENZA B 10 –A 05 –A HEALTHY 08 –A RHEUMATISM 142 DIARRHEAS HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 36

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 109 –C TREATMENT 1996-03-10 S 109 –C 14 –A 04 –C 04 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 07 –C FEVER 02 –C 1996-08-09 F 125 –C 38 –A 33 –C* BRONCHITIS 07 –C DIARRHEAS 65 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 08 –A 01 –A ASTHMA 03 –A INFLUENZA 05 –A DENTISTRY 03 –A RHEUMATISM 08 –A DIARRHEAS 09 –A HYPER-TENSION 02 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 123 DIABETES PAINS 125 –C 03 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 10 –C DEPRESSION 03 –C 05 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 15 –C FEVER 03 –C 83 –C BRONCHITIS 10 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 02 –A 01 –A ASTHMA 06 –A INFLUENZA 05 –A DENTISTRY 07 –A RHEUMATISM 03 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A HYPER-TENSION 08 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 163 DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION INFECTIOUS DISEASES DENTISTRY TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 37

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 70 –C TREATMENT 1995-02-26 S 70 –C 21 –A 02 –C 10 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 01 –C FEVER 01 –C 1995-08-06 S 118 –C 35 –A 08 –C BRONCHITIS 17 –C DIARRHEAS 21 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 08 –A 01 –A ASTHMA 03 –A INFLUENZA 04 –A 09 –A POVERTY 10 –A RHEUMATISM 05 –A 02 –A DIARRHEAS 02 –A HYPER-TENSION 01 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 02 –A* 03 –A* DIABETES 70 –A* PAINS 91 GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION 118 –C ULCER 03 –C KIDNEY 10 –C 03 –C MOUTH INFECTION 02 –C MALARIA 15 –C POVERTY 08 –C 19 –C* PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 25 –C FEVER 12 –A 03 –A BRONCHITIS 08 –A DIARRHEAS 05 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 08 –A 10 –A ASTHMA 05 –A INFLUENZA B 03 –A UNDERNOURISHED 03 –A DENTISTRY 153 RHEUMATISM DIARRHEAS HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION INFECTIOUS DISEASES TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 38

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 90 –C TREATMENT 1995-10-22 S 90 –C 21 –A 02 –C 03 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 01 –C FEVER 02 –C 1995-12-15 F 128 –C 38 –A 09 –C BRONCHITIS 12 –C DIARRHEAS 87 –C* GASTROENTEROLOGIC 83 –C 10 –A ASTHMA 01 –A INFLUENZA 05 –A POOR LIVING CONDITIONS 03 –A DENTSTRY 12 –A RHEUMATISM 08 –A DIARRHEAS 03 –A HYPER-TENSION 02 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 20 –A 01 –A DIABETES 02 –A PAINS 111 GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION 128 –C 05 –C POOR LIVING CONDITIONS 02 –C KIDNEY 03 –C ULCER 01 –C 15 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 10 –C FEVER 105 –C BRONCHITIS 08 –A DIARRHEAS 01 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 10 –A 05 –A ASTHMA 13 –A INFLUENZA 21 –A DENTISTRY 05 –A RHEUMATISM 03 –A DIARRHEAS 02 –A HYPER-TENSION 13 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 166 DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION INFECTIOUS DISEASES DENTISTRY TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 39

MI Medicine, Medical Assistance, Welfare Programme DATES CHILDREN ADULTS 67 –C TREATMENT 1994-01-30 S 67 –C 18 –A 02 –C 02 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 01 –C FEVER 02 –C 1994-07-17 S 53 –C 22 –A 07 –C BRONCHITIS 07 –C DIARRHEAS 07 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 01 –A 05 –A ASTHMA 03 –A INFLUENZA 03 –A RHEUMATISM 01 –A DIARRHEAS 02 –A HYPER-TENSION 02 –A CARDIOVASCULAR 03 –A* DIABETES 85 PAINS 53 –C GASTROENTEROLOGIC 03 –C DEPRESSION 02 –C 01 –C INFECTIOUS DISEASES 02 –C 08 –C PARASITIES IMMUNIZATION 05 –C FEVER 01 –A 01 –A BRONCHITIS 07 –A DIARRHEAS 02 –A GASTRENTEROLOGIC 03 –A 04 –A ASTHMA 05 –A INFLUENZA 01 –A RHEUMATISM DIARRHEAS 75 HYPER-TENSION CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES PAINS GASTROENTEROLOGIC DEPRESSION TOTAL AMOUNT OF PATIENTS ATTENDED 40

Mosquitos are one of the Deadliest Insects known to Man Mosquitoes are carriers of deadly diseases, such as Malaria, Yellow Fever, Dengue, Zika Virus, Chikungunya, Microcephaly, and Bunyamwera Fever to name a few. 5… Provides assistance, either itself or in co-operation with International Societies and/or Governments, in medicine, medical assistance, health care, human sustainability programmes, to the victims of armed conflicts, natural disasters and other emergency situations locally and internationally; in a way of providing them with service personnel, material, financial and moral assistance in accordance with the existing IHL Laws, Rules and Regulations; and the Principles of MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS; 6… Carries out charitable activities in order to strengthen peace, friendship and mutual understanding among peoples in order to prevent social, ethnic and religious conflicts; 7… Both in time of peace and armed conflicts it acts as an auxiliary to Governments in all fields covered by the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols of 1977; 8… The present healthcare situation in most of these under-developed and developing countries still has contradictions between what is happening in the developed countries and the countries living in the 70, the others are still struggling to get out of the 50 and live in conditions of extreme poverty, under-nourishment, diseases, hunger and premature death. 41

MI HIV and AIDS Programme 1… Most of these countries are undergoing economic crisis, that contributes to extend the violation of the existing health and extreme poverty problems, where the majority of the population are living under extreme poor conditions and in a continuous defeat by the denominated rich society of a barely five (5) percent. 2… A nation‘s health depends on diverse factors: policies, governmental, administrators, environment, education, and nutrition, sources of financing and scientific knowledge. Most important is the willingness to learn from the knowledge obtained, carry out investigation activities, provide the capacity and technology to enhance the project, and last but not the least the financial support necessary to fulfill the obligations set forth to provide better healthcare and help fight extreme poverty. 3… Cooperates with the local authorities to ensure respect for International Humanitarian Law and to protect ―MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS‖ Emblems; 4… To select, train and prepare personnel for the implementation of ―MERO INTERNATIONAL-MI DOCTORS ACROSS BORDERS‖ Society activities. 42

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight infection and disease. HIV is the same virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which increases a person's risk of developing certain cancers and infections. AIDS is the last and most severe stage of the HIV infection. However, having HIV does not mean you have AIDS. The good news is that people who are being treated for HIV are living longer than ever before with the help of drugs that slow the rate at which HIV infection progresses to AIDS. What Causes HIV? The infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most people get HIV by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV. Another common way of getting the virus is by sharing needles with someone who is infected with HIV when injecting drugs. HIV cannot be spread by casual contact such as kissing or sharing drinking glasses with an infected person. Once HIV enters the body, it infects a type of white blood cell called CD4+ cells. These white blood cells are an important part of the immune system that helps your body fight infections. As HIV attacks and destroys CD4+ cells, the immune system weakens and becomes less able to fight off disease. 43

What Are The Symptoms? Early symptoms of HIV are often mistaken for the flu (influenza) or mononucleosis. These symptoms include fever, sore throat, headache, muscle aches, and joint pain. A skin rash may develop, along with abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea. However, many people have no early symptoms of HIV. The incubation period—the time between when a person is first infected with HIV and when early symptoms develop—may be a few days to several weeks; the early symptoms usually disappear on their own within 2 to 3 weeks. After you recover from symptoms of the initial HIV infection, you may not have symptoms again for many years. However, as HIV progresses, symptoms reappear and then remain. These symptoms usually include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, fever, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes. A health professional may first suspect an HIV infection only when symptoms persist for no other reason. From an estimate of 85 million people living with HIV/AIDS today, over 95% live in developing countries. In developing countries, less than 10% of those infected have access to antiretroviral therapy, which is used to treat HIV/AIDS. In countries such as South Africa and Zimbabwe, where 20-25% of the adult population is infected; AIDS is set to claim the lives of around half of all 15 year-olds. HIV/AIDS can destroy entire societies. The impact that HIV/AIDS can have on access to education, and ultimately, a nation's economic competitiveness; the AIDS pandemic has robbed more than 15 million children worldwide of their families, their childhood, and all too often, hope for the future. 44

How Is HIV Diagnosed? A health professional diagnoses HIV with antibody blood tests called the ELISA and the Western blot assay. A diagnosis of HIV is made after 2 or more positive ELISA tests are confirmed by a positive Western blot assay. Because it may take up to 6 months after the original infection for antibodies to appear, it is important to repeat the tests 6 months after being exposed to the virus. If you are infected, you can still pass HIV to another person during this time. Getting tested for HIV can be scary; however, the condition is treatable so it is important to get tested if you think you have been exposed. If you test positive, early detection and monitoring of HIV will help your doctor determine whether the disease is progressing and when to start treatment. How Is HIV Treated? Treatment for HIV depends on what stage of the infection you are in: early, established, or late (AIDS). This is determined by your CD4+ cell count, the amount of virus in your blood (viral load), and whether you have had certain illnesses that are more common in people who have weakened immune systems. If you are in the early stages of HIV, you have no symptoms, and your viral load is low, you may not need treatment yet. Your doctor will monitor the progression of the virus and may recommend using a combination of three or more antiretroviral drugs called highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART, which may strengthen your immune system and reduce your viral load. If you are in the established stage of HIV or have AIDS, HAART is usually recommended to manage the progression of the virus. Successful treatment helps suppress the virus; however, it doesn't cure HIV. It is important to take your drugs exactly as directed by your doctor. When treatment doesn't work, it is often because HIV has become resistant to the drug. This can happen if you don't take your drugs correctly. Ask your doctor if you have questions about your treatment. Your doctor can help you understand HIV and how best to treat it. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) AIDS is the last and most severe stage of HIV infection. AIDS is diagnosed when you have one or both of the following: A CD4+ cell count of fewer than 200 cells per microliter (µL) of blood. Certain infections or illnesses, such as some types of pneumonia or cancer, which are more likely to develop when you have a weakened immune system. 45

More than half of adults who have HIV will develop AIDS within 12 or 13 years if their HIV infection is not treated. Young children and adults who rapidly progress through the stages of HIV may develop AIDS within about 3 years. When left untreated, AIDS is often fatal within 18 to 30 months after it develops. AIDS weakens the immune system and increases a person's risk of developing serious illnesses such as certain cancers, opportunistic diseases, and neurological disorders. AIDS is spread through contaminated blood, specifically through sexual contact or shared needles. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, diarrhoea, fever, night sweats, thrush (infection in the mouth and throat), and swollen lymph nodes of the neck, armpits, and groin. Currently, there is no cure for AIDS. Treatment is supportive and is aimed at maintaining comfort. Medications are also available to delay the progression of AIDS and improve the person's quality of life. The risk of a woman spreading HIV to her baby can be greatly reduced if she takes certain medications during pregnancy and if she does not breast-feed her baby. The baby should also receive the medication after birth. AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. When you‘re infected with HIV, your body will try to fight the infection. It will make \"antibodies,\" special molecules to fight HIV. A blood test for HIV looks for these antibodies. If you have them in your blood, it means that you have HIV infection. People who have the HIV antibodies are called \"HIV-Positive.\" HIV-positive, or having HIV disease, is not the same as having AIDS. Many people are HIV-positive but don't get sick for many years. As HIV disease continues, it slowly wears down the immune system. Viruses, parasites, fungi and bacteria that usually don't cause any problems can make you very sick if your immune system is damaged. These are called \"opportunistic infections.\" What Is HIV Testing? HIV testing tells you if you are infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which causes AIDS. These tests look for \"antibodies\" to HIV. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to fight a specific germ. Other \"HIV\" tests are used when people already know that they are infected with HIV. These help measure how quickly the virus is multiplying (a viral load test) or the health of your immune system (a CD4 count). 46

The most common HIV test is a blood test. Newer tests can detect HIV antibodies in mouth fluid (not the same as saliva), a scraping from inside the cheek, or urine. \"Rapid\" HIV test results are available within 10 to 30 minutes after a sample is taken. One of these tests has produced a high rate of false positives. A positive result on any HIV test should be confirmed with a second test. Home test kits: You can't test yourself for HIV at home. The Home Access test kit is only designed to collect a sample of your blood. You send the sample to a laboratory where it is tested for HIV. When Should I Get Tested? If you become infected with HIV, it usually takes between three weeks and two months for your immune system to produce antibodies to HIV. If you think you were exposed to HIV, you should wait for two months before being tested. You can also test right away and then again after two or three months. During this \"window period\" an antibody test may give a negative result, but you can transmit the virus to others if you are infected. About 5% of people take longer than two months to produce antibodies. There is one documented case of a person exposed to HIV and hepatitis C at the same time. Antibodies to HIV were not detected until one year after exposure. Testing at 3 and 6 months after possible exposure will detect almost all HIV infections. However, there are no guarantees as to when an individual will produce enough antibodies to be detected by an HIV test. If you have any unexplained symptoms, speak with your health care professional and consider re-testing for HIV. Do Any Tests Work Sooner After Infection? Viral load tests detect pieces of HIV genetic material. They show up before the immune system manufactures antibodies. Also, in early 2002, the FDA approved \"nucleic acid testing.\" It is similar to viral load testing. Blood banks use it to screen donated blood. The viral load or nucleic acid tests are generally not used to see if someone has been infected with HIV because they are much more expensive than an antibody test. They also have a slightly higher error rate. What Does It Mean If You Test Positive? A positive test result means that you have HIV antibodies, and are infected with HIV. You will get your test result from health care specialist, who should tell you what to expect, and where to get health services and emotional support. 47

Testing positive does not mean that you have AIDS. Many people who test positive stay healthy for several years, even if they don't start taking medication right away. If you test negative and you have not been exposed to HIV for at least three months, you are not infected with HIV. Continue to protect yourself from HIV infection Can The Test Result Keep Confidential? You can be tested anonymously in many places. You do not have to give your name when you are tested at a public health office, or when you receive the test results. You can be tested anonymously for HIV as many times as you want. If you get a positive HIV test that is not anonymous, or if you get any medical services for HIV infection, your name may be reported to the Department of Health. How Accurate Are The Tests? Antibody test results for HIV are accurate more than 99.5% of the time. Before you get the results, the test has usually been done two or more times. The first test is called an \"EIA\" or \"ELISA\" test. Before a positive ELISA test result is reported, it is confirmed by another test called a \"Western Blot\". Two Special Cases Can Lead To False Results Children born to HIV-positive mothers may have false positive test results for several months, because mothers pass infection-fighting antibodies to their newborn children. Even if the children are not infected with HIV, they have HIV antibodies and will test positive. Other tests, such as a viral load test, must be used. As mentioned above, people who were recently infected may test negative if they get tested too soon after being infected with HIV. HIV testing generally looks for HIV antibodies in the blood, or mouth fluid and/or urine (not saliva, it‘s not the same as mouth fluid). The immune system produces these antibodies to fight HIV. It usually takes two to three months for them to show up. In rare cases, it can take longer than three months. During this \"window period\" you may not test positive for HIV even if you are infected. Normal HIV tests don't work for newborn children of HIV-infected mothers. 48

In many places, you can get tested anonymously for HIV. Once you test positive and start to receive health care for HIV infection, your name may be reported to the Department of Health. These records are kept confidential. A positive test result does not mean that you have AIDS. If you test positive, you should learn more about HIV and decide how to take care of your health. How Do You Get AIDS? You don't actually \"get\" AIDS. You might get infected with HIV, and later you might develop AIDS. You can get infected with HIV from anyone who's infected, even if they don't look sick and even if they haven't tested HIV- positive yet. The blood, vaginal fluid, semen, and breast milk of people infected with HIV has enough of the virus in it to infect other people. Most people get the HIV virus by: Having sex with an infected person Sharing a needle (shooting drugs) with someone who's infected Being born when their mother is infected, or drinking the breast milk of an infected woman There are no documented cases of HIV being transmitted by tears or saliva, but it is possible to be infected with HIV through oral sex or in rare cases through deep kissing, especially if you have open sores in your mouth or bleeding gums. How Do You Get Infected With HIV? The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is not spread easily. You can only get HIV if you get infected blood or sexual fluids into your system. You can't get it from mosquito bites, coughing or sneezing, sharing household items, or swimming in the same pool as someone with HIV. Some people talk about \"shared body fluids\" being risky for HIV, but no documented cases of HIV have been caused by sweat, saliva or tears. However, even small amounts of blood in your mouth might transmit HIV during kissing or oral sex. Blood can come from flossing your teeth, or from sores caused by gum disease, or by eating very hot or sharp, pointed food. To infect someone, the virus has to get past the body's defences. These include skin and saliva. If your skin is not broken or cut, it protects you against infection from blood or sexual fluids. Saliva contains chemicals that can help kill HIV in your mouth. If HIV-infected blood or sexual fluid gets inside your body, you can get infected. This can happen through an open sore or wound, during sexual activity, or if you share equipment to inject drugs. 49

HIV can also be spread from a mother to her child during pregnancy or delivery. This is called \"vertical transmission.\" A baby can also be infected by drinking an infected woman's breast milk. Adults exposed to breast milk of an HIV-infected woman may also be exposed to HIV. How Can You Protect Yourself And Others? Unless you are 100% sure that you and the people you are with do not have HIV infection, you should take steps to prevent getting infected. People recently infected (within the past 2 or 3 months) are most likely to transmit HIV to others. This is when their viral load is the highest. In general, the risk of transmission is higher with higher viral loads. Sexual Activity You can avoid any risk of HIV if you practice abstinence (not having sex). You also won't get infected if your penis, mouth, vagina or rectum doesn't touch anyone else's penis, mouth, vagina, or rectum. Safe activities include kissing, erotic massage, masturbation or hand jobs (mutual masturbation). Having sex in a monogamous (faithful) relationship is safe if: Both of you are uninfected (HIV-negative) You both have sex only with your partner Neither one of you gets exposed to HIV through drug use or other activities Oral sex has a lower risk of infection than anal or vaginal sex, especially if there are no open sores or blood in the mouth. You can reduce the risk of infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases by using barriers like condoms. Traditional condoms go on the penis, and a new type of condom goes in the vagina or in the rectum Vertical Transmission With no treatment, about 25% of the babies of HIV-infected women would be born infected. The risk drops to about 4% if a woman takes AZT during pregnancy and delivery, and her newborn is given AZT. The risk is 2% or less if the mother is taking combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Caesarean section deliveries probably don't reduce transmission risk if the mother's viral load is below 1000. Babies can get infected if they drink breast milk from an HIV-infected mother. Mothers with HIV should use baby formulas or breast milk from a woman who is not infected to feed their babies. 50