Body Systems- Chance Holland

Body Systems Chance Holland 3B Table of Contents

Table of ContentsIntegumentary SystemMusculoskeletalNervous SystemSpecial SensesCardiovascularRespiratory SystemDigestive SystemUrinary SystemReproductive System Table of Contents

Integumentary SystemDefine:​ The skin and it’s structures Key Terms:​derm/o, dermat/o: Skinpedicu/o: Licekerat/o: Horny tissue or cellsonych/o: Nailxer/o: Drymyc/o: Fungusxanth/o: Yellowpil/o: Hairerythr/o:Redlip/o: Fatrhytid/o: Wrinkledalbin/o: White VocabularyEpidermis: superficial layer of the skin.Melanin: dark pigment formed by cells that imparts color to skin and hair.Dermis: Middle layer of skin. Contains glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels.Keratin: Tough, colorless protein found in skin, hair, and nails.Subcutaneous layer: Area beneath the dermis.Hair: Responsible for protection and insulation.Nails: Responsible for prying, scraping, and picking up things.Macule: Discolored spot on the skin; freckle.Collagen: Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue.Cuticle: Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate. Diseases:Acne vulgaris- inflammation of the sebacious glands .Cancer- group of abnormal growing cells.Eczema- non contagious inflammtory skin condition.Dermatitis- inflammation of the skin cause byan irritant. Careers:Dermatologist- Doctor who is an expert in skindiseases.Oncologist- Doctor who specializes in treatingcancer. Table of Contents

MusculoskeletalDefine:​ All the muscles, and bones in the body. Allows movement and providesstructure Key Terms:my/o: Musclemyel/o: Bone marrow, or Spinal cordoste/o: Bonecost/o: Ribcrani/o: Skull-pexy: Surgical fixationchondr/o: Cartilagearthr/o: Joints-plegia: Paralysiskinesi/o: Movement VocabularyCalcium: One of the mineral constituents of bones.Vertebra: Back boneEpiphysis: Each end of a long bone.Diaphysis: Shaft, or midportion, of a long bone.Compact bone: Hard, dense bone tissue.Cranium: Top of skullTendon: strong connective tissue fibers that hold muscle to bone.Joint: Area where two bones meet.Phalanges: fingers and toes.Vertebrae: back bones Diseases:Arthritis: Inflammation in the joints.Osteoporosis: Loss of bone tissue.Bone Cancer: Cancer in the bones.Bursitis: Inflammation in the bursa in the shoulders andhips. Careers:Physical Therapist- Help improve movement or managepain after an injuryChiropractor- Treat neck or back pain.. Table of Contents

Nervous SystemDefine:​ System of nerves that transmit impulses throughout your body. Key Termsneur/o= Nerveencephal/o= Brainmyel/o= Spinal Cordambu/o=-esthesia= Feelingmening/o= Meninges/ Membrane covering the brain and spinepsych/o= Mindconcuss/o= Shaken VocabularyCentral Nervous System- consists of your brain and spinal cordPeripheral Nervous System- all the parts of the nervous system except for the brain andspinal cordNerves- structures which carry information between your body and your CNSNeuron- a nerve cell that transfers messages in the form of fast-moving electricalenergyImpulses- electrical messages sent through nervous systemCell body- large region in the center of a neuron; has a nucleus and organellesDendrites- short, branched extensions of the cellAxon- terminal the tip of each branch of the axonAxon- elongated extensions of a neuronMotor neurons- neurons that send impulses from the brain and spinal cord to othersystems Diseases and DisordersConcussion- Traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head.Multiple Sclerosis- A chronic disease that includes damage to the sheaths of nerve cellsin the brain and spinal cord .Parkinson’s- A chronic disease linked to the decrease indopamine production. causes slowing of movement, andtremors while at rest.Alzheimer’s- Generalized degeneration of the brain. Healthcare CareersNeurological Surgeon- Performs surgery on nervoussystem parts.Neuroscientist- Studies the Nervous System. Table of Contents

Special SensesDefine:​ Senses that have specialized organs devoted to them. Key Terms:irid/o = iris-cusis = Hearing-iopia = Visionot/o = Eartympan/o = Eardrumophthalm/o = Eye-metry = Process of measuring Vocabulary​:Hyperopia - FarsightedMyopia- NearsightedAudiometer- Instrument to measure hearingAstigmatism- Inability to focus light rays that enter the eye in different planesCataract- Complete or partial opacity of the lensOphthalmoscope- Instrument used in viewing the retinaGlaucoma- Increased Intraocular pressureVertigo- DizzinessTinnitus- Persistent ringingPhotoreceptors- Specialized receptor cells that respond to light Diseases and DisordersBlindness- Decreased ability to seeDeafness- Decreased ability to hearPresbyopia- Loss of the ability to adjust near-to-far and far-to-near vision due to age &the elasticity in the lensOtitis Media- inflammation of the middle ear /common in young children Healthcare Careers Ophthalmologist- Medical doctor who specializes in eyes and vision. Otolaryngologist- Doctor specializing in e​ ars, noses and throats Table of Contents

Cardiovascular Define​: Pumps, and circulates blood through the body. Transports nutrients. Key Termscardi/o: Heartangi/o: Blood Vesselhem/o, hemat/o: BloodBrady-: SlowTachy-: Fastthromb/o​:Clot-emia: Blood Conditionleuk/o: Whiteerythr/o: Redarteri/o: Artery VocabularyAorta: the largest artery in the body. Carries blood through the body.Myocardium: middle layer of heart wall, the layer that pumps blood.Endocardium: inside layer of the heart wall, lines the heart chambers and covers thefibrous skeleton of the valves.Epicardium: External layer of the heart, the first layer of the heart wall.Pericardium: Sac that encloses the heart.Pulmonary Circuit: Blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs.Electrocardiography: A recording of the electrical changes in the cardiac cycle.QRS Complex: Combination of three of the graphical deflections seen on a typicalelectrocardiogram. It corresponds to the depolarization of the ventricles of the heart.T wave: Represents the repolarization of the ventricles.P wave: Represents atrial depolarization. Diseases and DisordersCardiac Arrest: abrupt loss of heart function in a person.Myocardial infarction: Heart Attack. Caused by a blood clot that blocks a coronaryartery.The heart is starved of oxygen, and the heart cells die.Stroke: Caused by a disturbance in the circulation of the blood supply to the brain.Hypertension: High blood pressure. Healthcare CareersCardiologists: Medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosisand treatment of diseases or conditions of the heart and bloodvessels. Cardiovascular surgeons: Doctors who specialize insurgery of the heart and blood vessels. Table of Contents

Respiratory SystemDefine​: This system is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. Vocabularybronch/o: Bronchus, branches off of the trachea to the lungscyan/o: Bluelaryng/o: Larynx/ Voice box-oxia: OxygenationOxy-: Sharppleur/o: Rib, Sidepneum/o: Lungs, Breathingpulmon/o: Lungsthorac/ot: Chesttrache/o: Trachea, Windpipe VocabularyAlveolus: Air sac in the lung.Diaphragm: Muscle between the chest and abdomen, it contracts/relaxes for breathing.Pharynx: ThroatRespiration: Process of moving air into and out of the lungs.Mediastinum: Region between the lungs in the chest cavity.Bronchioles: Smallest branches of the bronchi. Some lead to alveolar ducts.Epiglottis: Lid like piece of cartilage that covers the Linux. Prevents food or air fromgoing the wrong way.Pleura: Double folded membranes surrounding each lung.Oxygen: Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.Carbon dioxide: Gas produced by body cells, exhaled through the lungs. Diseases and DisordersInfluenza: Acute viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract.Asthma: Chronic disorder of the lungs in which inflamed airways are prone to constrict.Lung Cancer: Uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs.Pneumonia: Inflammation and consolidation of the lung tissue. Healthcare CareersPulmonologist: Specialized in diagnosing and treatingpatients with lung problems and diseases.Respiratory Therapist: Diagnoses breathing problems andsuggests treatment options to patients. Table of Contents

Digestive SystemDefine:​ Works to convert food into basic nutrients, and energy for the body. Key terms:cholecyst/o: Gallbladderenter/o: Intestinescol/o, colon/o: Colon, Large Intestinehepat/o: Livergastr/o: Stomachor/o: Mouth-pepsia: Digestionchol/e: Bile, Gallproct/o: Rectum VocabularySmall intestine: the longest part of the alimentary canal.Bile: Digestive Juices.Gallbladder: Stores bile.Esophagus: Tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.Pharynx: Throat.Stomach: digests food with acidic juices.Appendix: small pouch attached to the large intestine. Can be removed if needed.Anus: Opening for digested material to leave the body.Liver: Secretes bile.Rectum: Connects end of colon to the anus. Last section of the large intestine. Diseases/DisordersGastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Weakness of the valve between the esophagus andstomach allows stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus and irritate the lining.Cirrhosis: Degenerative Disease of the liver.Gallstones: hard deposits that form in your gallbladder.Hemorrhoids: an inflammation of the blood vessels at the end of your digestive tract. Healthcare CareersGastroenterologist: Specializes in diseases of thedigestive system.Proctologist: Physician specializing in diseases of therectum and anus. Table of Contents

Urinary SystemDefine: System that filters and removes excess liquids in the body. Key Terms-cele: Hernia-lysis: Destructioncyst/o: Bladdernephr/o: Kidneyren/o: Kidney-uria: Condition of Urine-pexy: Surgical Fixation-ectasis: Dilation, Wideningpyel/o: Pelvis VocabularyCatheter: Tube for injecting or removing fluids.Urinary bladder: Hollow sac that holds urine.Urethra: Tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body.Ureter: Tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder.Urea: Major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine.Renal pelvis: Central collecting region in the kidneyKidneys: Extract waste from blood, balance body fluids, and form urine.Nephron: Filters waste in the kidneys.Urine: Contains mostly metabolic wastes and unneeded substances.Perirenal fat capsule: Fatty mass that surrounds the kidney. Cushions it against blows. Diseases & DisordersIncontinence: Loss of bladder control. Can result in leakage.Kidney stones: Clumps of calcium oxalate that can be anywhere in the urinary tract.Bladder cancer: Cancer of the lining of the bladder.Interstitial cystitis: Causes bladder pressure and pain. Healthcare CareersNephrologist: Doctor specializing in conditions of thekidneys.Urologist: Specializes in diseases and disorders of theurinary tract. Table of Contents

Reproductive SystemWorks for the purpose of sexual reproduction. Key Termscervic/o: Neck, Cervixsalping/o: Fallopian Tubeov/o: Eggorchid/o: Testisoophor/o: Ovarymen/o: Mensesmamm/o: Breastgynec/o: Womancolp/o: Vaginaprostat/o:Prostate Gland VocabularyGonads: the primary sex organs.Testes: Male gonads that produce sperm.Gametes: sex cells produced by the gonadsPenis: Designed to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract.Urethra: The terminal portion of the male duct system.Vagina: Thin-walled tube. It lies between the bladder and the rectum.Clitoris: Small, protruding structure composed largely of erectile tissue.Ovaries: The female gonads. Produce ova.Uterus: Womb. Holds and nourishes a fetus.Accessory Reproductive Organs: All reproductive structures other than thegonads—ducts, glands, and external genitalia. Diseases & DisordersErectile dysfunction (ED): The inability to attain an erection.Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Severe inflammation of the peritoneal cavity.Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Infectious diseases spread through sexualcontact.Ovarian cancer: Cancer of the ovary. Healthcare CareersGynecologist: Diagnoses and treats conditionsof the female reproductive systemAndrologist: Treats the male reproductivesystem and male urogenital complaints. Table of Contents

http://www.livescience.com/37009-human-body.htmlhttps://www.premedhq.com/integumentary-systemhttp://anatomy-medicine.com/musculoskeletal-system/10-musculoskeletal-system.htmlhttp://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/overview_of_nervous_system_disorders_85,P00799/https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/chapter-10-special-senses-2/deck/10467345http://anatomy-bodychart.us/cardiovascular-system-diagram-labeled/http://respiratorysystem.organsofthebody.com/http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.htmlhttp://www.easynotecards.com/notecard_set/34581https://www.britannica.com/science/human-reproductive-system Table of Contents