Class-4

Subject : English Class-4 Day-1 Lesson: Welcome to Nepal Activity -1 Read the story “Welcome to Nepal” given on page No 3 &4 of your English text book with the help of the word meaning given below. Word meaning flown: travelled in an aircraft whistle: object which makes a shrill previous: earlier/occurring before sound something else/prior jewels: ornaments cousin: uncle or aunt’s child exciting: causing feeling of happiness copied: an identical duplicate of an spring: a season original lorries: large goods carrying vehicles special: unique or unusual quality Activity- 2 Copy “Word meaning” from activity no-1 in your exercise book. Day-2 Lesson: Welcome to Nepal Activity- 1 Read the story “Welcome to Nepal” given on page No 5 &6 of your English text book with the help of the word meaning given in activity 1 of day-1. Activity- 2 Make a list of things that Ramesh and Dipali saw when they were on the way to village. Day-3 Lesson: Welcome to Nepal Activity-1 Read the story “Welcome to Nepal” given on page No 4, 5 &6 of your English text book twice. Activity-2 Answer these following questions. a. What did Dipali and Ramesh see when the bus went along by a river? b. What did they do while sitting in the garden? --1--

English c. Why did mum and aunt begin to work hard? Day-4 Lesson: Welcome to Nepal Activity- 1 Read the story 'Welcome to Nepal' given on page No 4, 5 &6 of your English text book once again. Activity-2 Answer these following questions. a. What did they do at school? b. How do they celebrate Holi in village? c. Whom did they go to market with? Day-5 Lesson: Welcome to Nepal Activity- 1 Read ‘Learning New Words’ given on page No 6 of your English text book. Activity-2 Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’. AB shout ornaments cousin to say something loudly trip uncle or aunt’s child Vermilion earlier previous bright red colour Day-6 Lesson: Welcome to Nepal Activity-1 Read the lesson 'Learning New Words' given on page No. 6 of your English text book. Activity-2 Replace the underlined words with the opposite words from the story. a. Dipali and Ramesh were going nowhere together. b. It was boring to be in a city. c. They sat in the garden and aunt made them a lovely hot drink. --2--

d. At last it was time to go market. Class-4 e. Mum told them to wear new clothes for Holi. Day-7 Lesson: Welcome to Nepal Activity-1 Read the story 'Welcome to Nepal' given on page No. 4,5 &6 of your text book and watch a video on You tube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y99ZqzLaZ3g Activity-2 Make your own sentences by using the following words/phrases. Eg. i. each other : Sushant and Nirmala helped each other. i. excited ii.set off iii. long time iv.flown v. spring Day-8 Lesson: Leave Application Activity-1 Read the following leave application carefully. 2nd Feb 2020 The Class Teacher, Star Public School Sahid Chowk, Chitwan Subject: Application for Leave Dear Sir, With due respect, I would like to inform you that I could not attend my class for three days because of my illness. The doctor has advised me to take a complete bed rest for at least three days. Therefore, I humbly request you to grant me leave for three days. Hope for your kindness. I shall be thankful to you. Your obedient student, Roshan Aryal Class -4(A) Roll no.2 Activity-2. 1. Answer the following Questions. a. Who is writing the letter? e. What is the cause of not attending b. What is the name of Roshan’s to school? school? c. When was the letter sent? d. Who is the receiver of this letter? --3--

English 2. Fill in the blanks with correct answers. a. The letter was written on …………. b. .……… is sending the letter. c. Roshan studies in……………. school. d. He could not attend his school due to his…... e. He studies in class……………. . Day-9 Lesson: Leave Application Activity-1 Read the Leave application given on day-8 carefully again. Activity-2 Write an application to your class teacher requesting 5 days sick leave. Day-10 Lesson: Menice in Venice (part-1) Activity-1 Read the Story with the help of word meaning given at the bottom of the text. Once, there was a cat called Menice who ran to Venice (a famous city in Italy). Menice found it as a strange city. He went across the sea in a big boat but didn’t feel well on the boat. He was pleased when he get into the train. Train passed through towns and tunnels. Menice look out through the window until it was night. When he woke up, he was in Venice. When Menice left the station, he had a terrible surprise. All the streets were full of water but Menice didn’t like water at all. He thought that, ‘there must have been a lot of rain’. When he was crossing the bridge, he asked a man about the rainfall. The man says that, “Venice is always like this all time. We don’t have any roads, just lots of canals. We go about by boat, not by car or bus”.Menice wanted to see everything, so the man told him to get a water bus. He waited at a bus stop but he was not happy at all. Menice looked at the lovely buildings of the city. They were very old right next to the canals. Menice thought that, “Venice is a beautiful city”. He got off the bus by a big church. Lots of people and pigeons were there. Just then, a little grey mouse ran out of the church.”Get back, everyone!” “I’ll save you!”, shouted Menice and ran after the mouse. Word meaning strange : unfamiliar, odd, unusual, surprising Pleased : happy, satisfied across : opposite / from one side to another --4--

Class-4 travel : to go from one place to another place Canals : artificial waterways that allows boats and ships to pass from one body of water to another tunnel : channel, passage, way (An underground or underwater passage) Activity-2 Copy “Word meaning “from activity no-1 in your exercise book. Day-11 Lesson: Menice in Venice (part-2) Activity-1 Read part-1 and part -2 of the story 'Menice in Venice' with the help of word meaning given at the bottom of the text. The mouse ran right up to the canal, Menice still ran after it. It jumped on to a boat.”Quick! jump on here!”shouted a little girl.”Let’s catch up with the mouse!”Her big brother made a boat go faster and faster, but just as the first boat went under another bridge, the mouse jumped off again. Menice jumped off ,too. The mouse ran along the path by the canal and went over a bridge. It ran onto a boat which was tied up. That boat was a market stall and many people were doing shopping. Menice jumped to catch but the mouse was faster than him.Crash! Everything went flying! One woman shouted him to get off from her boat. Menice tried to run away but then he fell into the canal. “Help me! Help me! I can’t swim!” shouted Menice. One man (gondolier)helped him to came out of the canal. The man told him to come with him. Gondolier helped him by giving a big fish to eat and he took him to a trip. Menice was happy to have a trip with the gondolier in a gondola. Gondolier asked Menice to live with him. Then Menice agrees with his request and both lived happily. Word meaning wait : to stay where you are soft : not loud finished : ended, completed float : to move slowly on water or in the air. shouted : to make a loud noise, utter any sound loudly. still : up to this/that time, continuing now or in the future as in the past gondola : a narrow flat bottomed boat (used in a canal of Venice) gondolier : one who guides a gondola through water. Activity-2 Copy ‘Word meaning’ from the story, 'Menice in Venice' (part-2) in your exercise book. --5--

English Day-12 Lesson: Menice in Venice Activity-1 Read the story 'Menice in Venice' given on page No 18, 19, 20 &21 of your text book and do the activities given below. Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. Who was Menice? b. Why didn’t Menice feel well on the boat? c. How did Menice reach Venice? Day-13 Lesson: Menice in Venice Activity-1 Read the story 'Menice in Venice' again which is given on page No 18, 19, 20 &21 of your text book and watch a video on You tube- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSbDyWvgcBo&list Activity-2 A. Find the words from the story, which mean the following. i. animal’s foot ii. act of buying goods in the market iii. good looking iv. being happy B. Make sensible sentences by using the following phrasal verbs. come on fall in jump on wake up look out run away Day-14 Lesson: Menice in Venice Activity-1 Read the story 'Menice in Venice' given on page No 18, 19, 20 &21 of your text book once again and do the activities given below. Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. Who helped Menice to come back to the bank? b. Who was on the boat? c. What is a gondola for? d. Why did Menice think there must have been a lot of rain? e. How did Menice fall into the canal? --6--

Class-4 Day-15 Lesson: Menice in Venice Activity-1 Read the story ”Menice in Venice” given on page No 18, 19, 20 &21 of your text book once again and do the activities given below. Activity-2 Rearrange these sentences in the correct order according to the story. a. \"I don’t think I’m going to like it here,\" thought Menice. b. Menice got on to the train and passed towns, tunnels and mountains. c. Venice is a city in Italy and Menice found it just strange. d. Menice had a terrible surprise when he didn’t see any road. e. Menice wanted to see everything, so the man told him to get a water bus. f. Menice held onto the pole and the man pulled him back to the bank. Day-16 Lesson: Menice in Venice Activity-1 Read the tips given below. • We can use which and where to join sentences. We use which for things. We use where for places. E.g. This is the book. It contains funny stories. - This is the book which contains funny stories. E.g. There’s the school. Ram and Gopal study in that school. - There’s a school where Ram and Gopal study. Activity-2 Join the sentences with which or where. i. My brother has got a bag. It is bigger than yours. ii. Mina dislikes going to the park. She had seen a snake. iii. There’s the house. We stayed in that house for many years. iv. He sent the letter. It reached in Kathmandu last night. v. This is the ball. My mother bought for me. vi. This is the school. I completed my high school from this school. Day-17 Lesson: Menice in Venice Activity-1 Read the following tips about paragraph writing. A paragraph is a group of sentences organized around a central topic. The rule of paragraph writing is to focus one idea. To write a good paragraph, you --7--

English should include three main elements. They are: topic sentence, supporting sentences and a concluding sentence. i. Topic sentence: A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. It helps to organize the paragraph by summarizing the information in the paragraph..In formal writing, the topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a paragraph. ii. Supporting sentences: A group of sentences that work together to explain, illustrate, or provide evidence. They work together to explain the main idea of the topic and give a reader details to understand a main idea. You will find supporting sentences in the middle of a paragraph and before conclusion. iii. Concluding sentences: Concluding sentence is used to signal that your paragraph is coming to an end. It is the summary of the previous discussion but not the new idea. Activity-2 Answer the following questions a. What is a paragraph? b. Write the main elements of paragraph writing. Day-18 Lesson: Menice in Venice Activity-1 Read the following paragraph. Playing outside is better than playing video game Video games are those games which are played in mobiles or computers. Now a days children love to play such games. But they are no more beneficial for them. Children want to play video games for a long time so, playing video games for a long time makes them lazy. Children should be active always for their good health, studies, and for their all round development. Many video games are violent type. By playing such violent games, children will be violent. They may commit crimes too. Playing outside is better than playing video games. Video games make them lazy however playing outside makes them fit and active. Likewise, time spent playing video games could be beneficial if they spent by reading or writing. Also time could be spent with friends and family. Therefore, playing outside, reading, writing and doing other activities are far better than playing video games for the development of a child. --8--

Class-4 Activity-2 Write a paragraph on 'My school'. Day-19 Lesson: Menice in Venice Activity-1 Read the tips about paragraph writing given in Activity-1 of day-17. Activity-2 Write a paragraph about 'My Family'. Day-20 Lesson: Alphabetical order Activity-1 Read the following about alphabetical order. Alphabetical order is an indexing method in which names, terms, or words are arranged in the same sequence as the letters of the alphabet (A-Z).The word whose first letter comes first in the alphabet comes first in the alphabetical order. For example: cow, goat, ball, desk, money In alphabetical order: ball, cow, desk, goat, money Activity-2 Arrange these words in alphabetical order. Star pumpkin first honey king poet sit monkey girl red Day-21 Lesson: Sentences Activity-1 Read the following points about sentences. • A sentence is a group of words arranged in proper order to give a complete meaning/sense. • A sentence always begins with a capital letter and ends with full stop (.) or a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!). For example, Sita is an honest girl. What are you doing? How honest she is! Activity-2 Answer the following questions: a. What is a sentence? b. Make 10 sentences of your own. --9--

English Day-22 Lesson: Sentences Activity-1 Read page no.8 of your Grammar text book to know more about sentences and do the following activities. Activity-2 Arrange these words to give complete sense and use suitable punctuation mark. a. race the wins steady slow f. toothbrush what kind use you of do b. you others help g. skins their unique are and so rare c. What beautiful a it is garden h. are Pandas found in China d. Pokhara in live doesn’t she i. loves he you e. foot ouch my Day-23 Lesson: Sentences Activity-1 Read Activity-1 of day-21 and also read page no 8& 9 of your Grammar text book . Activity-2 Rewrite these sentences making their first letters capital and use a full stop (.) and question mark (?) where necessary. a. I am a boy d. his brother is g. are you a boy b. he is a doctor intelligent h. we play games c. what is your name e. will he come i. where are you now f. can I do this Day-24 Lesson: Sentences Activity-1 Study the diagram given below. --10--

Class-4 Activity-2 Using the tips above write a paragraph describing your father. Day-25 Lesson: Sentences Activity-1 Read the text given below. My Friend My friend’s name is Krishna. He lives with his parents in Ilam.His mother is a nurse. His father is a doctor. Krishna is a student. We study in the same school. He likes playing football. He speaks Nepali, English and Gurung.He likes watching cartoon shows on TV. He loves apples and bananas. He is 8 years old. He is small and bulky. He has got dark eyes and short hair. Activity-2 Write a similar text about your best friend. Day-26 Lesson: Mother Teresa Activity-1 Read the following passage about “Mother Teresa” and do the activities that follow. Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910, to an Albanian family. Her real name was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu.Gonxha means, ‘flower bud’. Her father, Koke, was a businessman and involved in Albanian politics. He died when Teresa was nine years old. Her mother named Drana, looked after Agnes and her elder sister and brother. Her mother had to raise the children by working hard. She taught them to help the poor and the needy. When Teresa was twelve, she decided to help people less fortunate than herself. At the age of eighteen, she decided to join Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto. On September 25, 1928 she left her family and friends to go to Dublin. She learned to speak English and received religious training. She took the name Sister Teresa. On December 1, 1928, she started on a long journey to India. She reached Kolkata in January 1929 and travelled to Darjeeling to complete training. Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. When was Mother Teresa born? b. What was the real name of Mother Teresa? c. When did her father die? d. What did her mother teach? e. What did Mother Teresa feel when she was twelve? --11--

English Day-27 Lesson: Mother Teresa Activity-1 Read the biography of Mother Teresa given on page no-31, 32&33 with the help of word meaning given below. Word meaning astonished: surprised accommodate: provide lodging for somebody fortunate: lucky fluently: smoothly, non-stop starving: dying of hunger whole heartedly: sincerely/totally mourned: expressed sadness at someone’s death ignore: pay no attention to missionaries: people who teach about Christianity in foreign countries entire: whole, complete Activity-2 Copy 'Learning New Words' in your exercise book which is given on page No.35 of your text book. Day-28 Lesson: Mother Teresa Activity-1 Read the following passage about 'Teresa’s beginning days of her career and her divine step to social work'. After two years, she was sent to help Sisters in hospital. She was touched by seeing sick, starving and helpless people in the hospital. She became a teacher. Children loved her and started to call her as ‘Ma’(mother).So she came to be called “Mother” by everyone. She taught history and geography for some time in central Kolkata. She had been taught charity (attitude of kindness) by her parents so she knew that helping poor is her responsibility. In August 1948, she left the Loreto Sisters. When she was at the age of 38,she started wearing cheap, white sari with blue border. She took a medical training in Patna. She returned to Kolkata and started living among the poor. She helped to wash and clean the babies in the slums. She taught them about health and hygiene. She taught the poor children to read and write. The poor were astonished. They wanted to know about, who the European lady is? The more she helped the people, the more they came to her. Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. How did Mother Teresa help the slum dwellers? b. Why were the slum dwellers astonished? c. What work did Mother Teresa do in Kolkata while she was with Loreto sisters? --12--

Class-4 Day-29 Lesson: Mother Teresa Activity-1 Read the following passage about” Mother Teresa’s noble deeds for the world”. Teresa formed an organization named “Sister Teresa”, where many young girls came forward and joined there. In 1949, Sister Teresa became an Indian citizen and in October 1950, the missionaries of Charity was established. Growing number of Sisters now needed a big house to accommodate (provide lodging) so a Muslim gentleman sold his house to them. After that, the house becomes the famous ‘Mother House’. Mother Teresa travelled all over the world to help people and organize the sisters. People listened to her and help her as much as they could, with money and other essential things. Her sisters have set up centers in many countries to serve people. There are homes for abandoned babies, sick children and old, unwell people who have no care for them. Mother Teresa was awarded the Noble Prize for Peace in 1997, for all the work she had done. In 1996, she decided to handover the responsibility because of her older age and illness. The Sisters elected Sister Nirmala to continue Mother’s work on March 13, 1997. After that Mother Teresa died on September 5, 1997. Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. Why was the missionaries of Charity established? b. How did people help Mother Teresa in her work? c. When was she awarded Noble Prize for Peace? d. Why was she awarded the Noble Prize for Peace? e. When did she die? Day-30 Lesson: Mother Teresa Activity-1 Read the biography of ‘Mother Teresa’ given on page no-31,32,33&34 of your text book with the help of the word meaning given in activity-1 of day-27. Activity-2 Fill in the blanks with suitable words. a. Mother Teresa was born on …………… b. Her real name was ……………….. --13--

English c. She started a long journey to India on ……………….. d. Her father was died when she was…………old. e. Her mother ……….. to raise them. f. She returned to Kolkata and started living among the……… g. Mother Teresa was awarded the…………………. in ……… h. She was ………… when she saw the sick, starving and ……….. people. Day-31 Lesson: Mother Teresa Activity-1 Read the biography of Mother Teresa once again given on page no- 31,32,33&34 of your text book with the help of the word meaning given in activity-1 of day-27. Activity-2 A. Make sensible sentences by using the following words. astonished religious explained childhood awarded fortunate entire B. Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’. AB a. hygiene sincerely b. astonished relating to a religion c. religious pay no attention to d. ignore surprised e. wholeheartedly cleanliness, sanitation Day-32 Lesson: Mother Teresa Activity-1 Read the important points about Mother Teresa given in activity No-1 of day-22,24&25 twice. Activity-2 The following is a list of important dates in Mother Teresa’s life. Write why they are important. One is done for you. Example: August 26, 1910 : Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910. a. September 25, 1928 b. December 1, 1928 c. August, 1948 d. 1997 e. March 13, 1997 --14--

Class-4 Day-33 Test yourself F.M=30 1. Read the following application and do the activities that follow. 10 2nd Feb 2020 The Class Teacher, Star Public School Sahid Chowk, Chitwan Subject: Application for Leave Dear Sir, With due respect, I would like to inform you that I could not attend my class for three days because of my illness. The doctor has advised me to take a complete bed rest for at least three days. Therefore, I humbly request you to grant me leave for three days. Hope for your kindness. I shall be thankful to you. Your obedient student, Roshan Aryal Class -4(A) Roll no. 2 A. Answer the following Questions. 5×2=10 a. Who is writing the letter? b. What is the name of Roshan’s school? c. When was the letter send? d. Who is the receiver of this letter? e. What is the cause of not attending to school? 2. Rewrite these sentences making their first letters capital and use a full stop (.) and question mark (?) where necessary. 0.5×10=5 a. I am a boy d. his brother is intelligent b. he is a doctor e. will he come c. what is your name 3. Match the following with their opposite meaning. 5×1=5 AB a. special good b. wise village c. wicked common d. town remain in one place e. wander foolish 4. Make sentences using the following words. 5×1=5 exciting shouted fluently starving wholeheartedly 5. Write a paragraph on 'My best friend'. 5 --15--

English Day-34 Lesson: The Broken Promise Activity-1 Read the play 'The Broken Promise' given on page No 50, 51,5 2 &53 of your text with the help of the word meaning given below. Word meaning lie: to give false information pretend: to make oneself appear to do or doing something courtiers: noblemen who live in the king’s court flattering: praising falsely observing: watching carefully former: of a time before now huge: very big insult: to say or do something that offends somebody messenger: a person who sends and brings messages promise: to assure/vow whip: a long piece of leather or rope with a handle for hitting people,animals,etc. Activity-2 Copy “Word meaning” in your exercise book which is given in activity-1 of day-34. Day-35 Lesson: The Broken Promise Activity-1 Read the play 'The Broken Promise' once again which is given on page No 50, 51,52 &53 of your text book with the help of the word meaning given in activity -1 of day- 34. Activity-2 Complete the following with correct answers. a. King Nanda was surrounded……………………………. b. Chandragupta said that the king of Singhal had sent…………… c. As the cage was put on the oven………………………. d. The messenger has not brought any news but………………… e. The sixth courtier said that Chandragupta should be…………………….. Day- 36 Lesson: The Broken Promise Activity-1 Read the play 'The Broken Promise' given on page No 50, 51,52 &53 with the help of the word meaning given in activity -1 of day-34. --16--

Class-4 Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. Who was Nanda? b. Who was Chandragupta? What did he say to Nanda? c. What did the King of Magadha promise?. d. Why was the King pleased with the boy? Day-37 Lesson: The Broken Promise Activity-1 Read the play 'The Broken Promise' given on page No 50, 51, 52 &53 of your text book with the help of the word meaning given in activity -1 of day-34 once again. Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. Why did Chandragupta come to the court of Nanda? b. Who sent a lion in a cage to Nanda’s palace? c. Why was the cage with a lion inside it sent to the king? d. Why was Chandragupta angry? Day-38 Lesson: The Broken Promise Activity-1 Read the word meaning which is given in activity-1 of day-34 three times. Activity-2 Make your own sentences using the following words/phrases. i. promise ii. impossible iii. proud of iv.get away v. put in prison vi. set free vii. softly viii. courtier ix. doorkeeper x. for all Day-39 Lesson: The Broken Promise Activity-1 Read the word meaning given in activity-1 of day-34 once again. --17--

English Activity-2 Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’. AB i. flatter person hired to perform household activities ii. forward doorman iii. Servant one who directs or control over a group iv. Commanded at the front v. doorkeeper person who brings messages vi. messenger praising falsely Day-40 Lesson: The Broken Promise Activity-1 Read the play 'The Broken Promise' given on page No 50, 51, 52 &53 of your text book once again. Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. What did Chandragupta feel when he left the court of the king? b. What did Nanda say at last? c. Did Chandragupta take any money from King Nanda? d. What lesson did you learn from this story? Day-41 Lesson: Articles Activity-1 Study the given diagram. Activity-2 Write in short about the things that you learned from the diagram above. --18--

Class-4 Day-42 Lesson: Articles Activity-1 Read the following rules on\" The use of Indefinite Articles (a/an)\". • \"A\" and\" an\" are used before countable nouns in the singular numbers. E.g. a boy, an apple etc. • \"A\" is used before a countable noun in the singular number beginning with a consonant sound. E.g. a cow, a parrot, a bag, a dog etc. • \"An\" is used before a countable noun that starts with vowel letters a,e,i,o,u. E.g. an ant, an egg, an inkpot, an orange, an ugly girl etc. • Although these words start with vowel letters E and O, they are pronounced as consonants and they come with\" a\".E.g. a ewe, a European, a one-eyed man etc. • Words starting with u take\" a\" or \"an\". E.g.an umbrella, a useful thing, a united team etc. • If \" h\" is silent, we use \"an\" with such words.E.g. an hour, an honest man etc. • \"A\" and \"an\" doesn’t come with uncountable and plural nouns. E.g. water, ice, books, apples etc. Activity-2 Copy the ‘rules of indefinite articles (a/an)’ given in activity-1 in your exercise book . Day-43 Lesson: Articles Activity-1 Read the rules of Indefinite articles (a/an ) given in activity-1 of day 42 twice. Activity-2 Use A or An in the blank spaces. ….. inkpot …..book .....insect …engineer ….ewe …..cock ….airport ….lion ….year ….dog …snake ….ugly ….interesting story ….arrow ….umbrella ….egg …. Fat boy …. big elephant ….good girl ….watch …. small owl …. European Day-44 Lesson: Articles Activity-1 Read the rules of Indefinite articles (a/an) given in activity-1 of day 42 twice . --19--

English Activity-2 Make 10 sentences of your own using indefinite article ( a/an). Example is given below. E.g. There is a cat in my house. Day-45 Lesson: Articles Activity-1 Read the following rules of definite article (the). \"The\" is used: i. before a noun to make a specific reference Eg.He is wearing the cap which I gave ii. before nouns like earth, sun, moon, sky etc. iv. before the names of rivers, seas, oceans etc. E.g. The Koshi , The Pacific etc. iii. before the names of mountain ranges E.g. The Alps, The Himalayan etc. v. before superlatives E.g. The tallest, The shortest etc. vi. Parts of day E.g. in the morning, in the evening etc. vii. Directions E.g. the east, the west etc. Activity- 2 Copy above given rules in your exercise book. Day-46 Lesson: Articles Activity-1 Read more about articles, which is given on page no. 15,16&18 of your Grammar book and also watch a video on You tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwwHukZoZek Activity-2 Use A/An or The where necessary. a. Nishar is a…. honest boy. f. My mother bought me… uniform. b. He has…..one-rupee note. g. Sita is…intelligent girl. c. I like….mangoes. h. She eat…orange. d. …..sun rises in …. east. i. There is ……table in our class. e. He is….tallest boy of their class. --20--

Class-4 Day-47 Lesson: Nouns Activity-1 Read the following tips about nouns. Naming words are called nouns. Nouns can name person, places, things or animals. Kathmandu, Pokhara, Cow, Army etc. are some examples of noun. There are five kinds of nouns. They are- 1. Proper noun: Proper noun is the name of particular person, place, animal, thing, etc. E.g. Pokhara, Kathmandu, The Kantipur Daily, Karnali, Rita, Gita etc. 2. Common noun: A noun that gives a common name to a person, a place, an animal or a thing is known as common noun. E.g. animal, river, girl, mother, cow etc. 3. Collective noun:The noun of a collection of persons, places or things taken together is known as collective noun. E.g. army.team, bunch, galaxy etc. 4. Material noun: Material noun denotes the matter or substances of which things are made. It doesn’t have a plural form. E.g. milk, gold, silver, water, glass, cup etc. 5. Abstract noun : An abstract noun denotes quality,state,emotion which we only can feel but cannot see and touch. E.g. Love, hate, poverty, cleverness, happiness, honest etc. Activity-2 Answer them: a. What is a noun? b. Write the types of nouns along with examples. Day-48 Lesson: Nouns Activity-1 Read page No 25 & 26 of your Grammar text book for more details about Nouns. Activity-2 b. What is a proper noun? Answer the following questions. a. What is a common noun? --21--

English Day-49 Lesson: Nouns Activity-1 Read page No. 25 & 26 of your Grammar text book about Nouns. Activity-2 Write 10 examples of proper and common nouns each. Day-50 Lesson: Nouns Activity-1 Read the information about nouns given in activity-1 of day 47 and also watch a video on You tube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrc6WAIEIog. Activity-2 Underline the nouns in the sentences and write their types. i. Monty is a clever boy. ii. Kathmandu is the capital city of Nepal iii. A horse is an animal. iv. The army is near the gate. v. This cup is made up of glass. vi. Hari is from Pokhara. Day-51 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read the introduction of singular and plural nouns given below. • Singular noun : A noun which refers to only one thing, person, animal or place. Eg. boy,girl.cow,table etc. • Plural noun : A noun which refers to more than one thing, person, animal or place. E.g. books, pens,boys,chairs boxes etc. Activity-2 Answer them: i. What do you mean by singular noun? ii. What do you mean by plural noun? Day-52 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read the introduction given in activity-1 of day -47 and also watch a video on You tube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrc6WAIEIog. --22--

Class-4 Activity-2 Write 20 examples of singular and plural nouns each. Day-53 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read the following tips about \"forming plural nouns\". • Add – s to the singular in most cases to make plural. E.g. boy-boys, bird- birds etc. • Add – es to nouns ending in hissing sounds(s,ss, sh,ch,x) and most nouns ending in-o.E.g. class-classes, church-churches, potato-potatoes, box- boxes etc. • Change the for fe to –ves for nouns ending in f or – fe. E.g. calf-calves, thief-thieves etc. • Change the – y to – ies for nouns ending in consonant +y.E.g. fly- flies ,lady-ladies, baby-babies etc. • Change the inside vowel. E.g. mouse-mice, tooth-teeth etc. Some nouns are always plural. E.g. people, scissors, trousers etc. Activity-2 Copy the tips about ‘forming plural nouns’ in your exercise book. Day-54 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read the tips about’ forming plural nouns’ and also watch a video on You tube- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4z5zFXfhOZY& Activity-2 Change the following words in to plural. a. girl b. woman c. sky d. ox e. pen f. foot g. calf h. man i story j. mouse k. game Day-55 gender. gender. Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read the following points about ‘Gender of nouns’.  A noun that shows a male is a masculine E.g. man, prince, bull, tiger, dog etc  A noun that shows a female is a feminine E.g. woman, princess, tigress etc. --23--

English  A noun that shows either male or female is a common gender. E.g. teacher, child, doctor etc  Nouns that show neither male nor female are neuter gender. E.g. book, ball, hat etc. Activity-2 Answer them. i. What do you mean by masculine gender? Write with 10 examples. ii. What do you mean by feminine gender? Write with 10 examples. Day-56 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read about ‘Gender of nouns’ given on page No 31 &32 of your Grammar book. Activity-2 Answer them: a) What do you mean by common gender? Write with 5 examples. b) What do you mean by neuter gender? Write with 10 examples. Day-57 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read about ‘Gender of nouns’ given on page No 31 &32 of your Grammar book. Activity-2 Change the following masculine gender in to feminine gender. i.king ii. husband iii. son iv. brother v. dog vi. horse vii. boy viii. father ix. uncle x. nephew xi. man Day-58 Lesson: Pronoun Activity-1 Read the information about pronouns and its types. A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun. The words like: he, she, they, It, you, my, her etc. are pronouns. Pronouns are of six kinds. They are- a. Personal pronoun: I, we, me, you, he, him, she, they, them… --24--

Class-4 b. Reflexive pronoun: myself, herself, himself, ourselves….. c. Demonstrative pronoun: this, that, these, those….. d. Distributive pronoun: each other, one another…… e. Interrogative pronoun: where, what, when….. f . Relative pronoun: who, what, ……. Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. What is a pronoun? b. Write the kinds of pronoun with examples. Day-59 Lesson: Pronoun Activity-1 Read about ‘Pronouns’ given on page No 40 &41 of your Grammar book and do the activities given below. Activity-2 Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronouns. My name is Anjana…..am Nepali. …. live with my family. My mum’s name is Sushila……from New Delhi.Mr Dillip is my dad. …… is a doctor. I have one brother. His name is Shusant…….studies in grade 8.My grandparents live in village. ……. often come and see us. Can ….tell me about your family? Day-60 Test yourself F. M.: 75 1. Change the underlined nouns in to pronouns. 5×1=5 a. Sneha has a bicycle. Sneha goes on a ride every day. b. I have many apple trees in our garden. The apple trees are not very tall. c. Hari had two pencils.Hari gave one to Sita. d. Sita is a beautiful girl. I like Sita. e. Sital and Jharana are sisters. Sital and Jharana do not fight. 2. Name at least two things that: 2×5=10 a. are green ……… …………. d. you can play …….. …….. b. you can touch ……… …… e. are sweet in taste … …… c. can walk …… ……….. 3. Change the following masculine gender in to feminine gender. 5×1=5 i. tiger ii. boy iii. husband iv. man v. king --25--

English 4. Read the following passage about “Mother Teresa” and do the following activities. 20 After two years, she was sent to help Sisters in hospital. She was touched by seeing sick, starving and helpless people in the hospital. She became a teacher. Children loved her and started to call her as ‘Ma’(mother).So she came to be called “Mother” by everyone. She taught history and geography for some time in central Kolkata. She had been taught charity (attitude of kindness) by her parents so she knew that helping poor is her responsibility. In August 1948, she left the Loreto Sisters. When she was at the age of 38 ,she started wearing cheap, white sari with blue border. She took a medical training in Patna. She returned to Kolkata and started living among the poor. She helped to wash and clean the babies in the slums. She taught them about health and hygiene. She taught the poor children to read and write. The poor were astonished. They wanted to know about, who the European lady is? The more she helped the people, the more they came to her. A. Answer the following questions. 1.5×4=6 a. What did she teach to the poor children? b. How did Mother Teresa help the slum dwellers? c. Why were the slum dwellers astonished? d. What work did Mother Teresa do in Kolkata while she was with Loreto sisters? B. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the passage. 4×1=4 a. She returned to……….. and started living among …………. b. Children loved her and started to call her as …………. c. She helped to wash and clean the babies in the………. C. Make your own sentences by using the following words. 5×1=5 a. excitement b.responsibility c.astonishedd. impossible e. starving D. Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’. 5×1=5 AB a. hygiene sincerely b. astonished relating to a religion c. religious pay no attention to d. ignore surprised e. wholeheartedly cleanliness, sanitation 5. Read the text below and do the activities that follow: 10 Paras Khadka is a Nepalese cricketer. He was born on 24 October 1987.He is right handed batsman. He has played for the national cricket team since 2004.He led Nepal to win the 2010 ICC world cricket league division five. --26--

Class-4 Khadka first represented Nepal at the under level. He played for the under 19 the following year. In 2004, after playing the ICC under seventeen cup in India ,he played the first under 19 world cup in Bangladesh. A. Answer the following questions. 4×1=4 a. Who is Paras Khakda? b. When was Paras Khakda born? c. Since when Paras started to play for the Nation? d. When did he play first under 19 world cup? B. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements. 4×1=4 a. Paras led Nepal to win 2010 ICC world cricket league. b. Paras is a left- handed player. c. Paras Khakda is a popular footballer. d. Paras first represented Nepal in under 19 team.. C. Punctuate the following sentences. 4×0.5=2 a. wow ! we won the match b. have you ever been to Pokhara 6. Change the following words in to plural. 5×1=5 a. ox b. pen c. foot d. calf e. man 7. Write a paragraph on “My School”. (10) 8. Write an application letter requesting your teacher for sick leave for 3 days. (5) 9. Draw a picture of your house and colour it. (5) The End --27--

ljifo M gk] fnL lbg M Ps kf7 M /fd|}/fdf| -sljtf_ cWoog v08 tnsf sljtf kª\\lQmx¿ /fd|/L k9 / To;eGbf tn lbOPsf s'/fx¿df Wofg b]pm M rfF}/L r¥of] pQ/ n]s /fd|f] afnL em'Nof] blIf0f e]s /fdf| ] d]rL / sfnL;Fu vN] g' /fdf| ] of] lhGbuL wKwk aNg' /fdf| ] . dfly ‘/fd}/| fd|f’ sljtfsf rf/ kª\\lQm lbOPsf] 5 . sljtfsf rf/ kª\\lQmnfO{ Znf]s elgG5 . dflysf] sljtfz+ df klxnf] / bf];f| ] kªl\\ Qmdf /xs] f ‘n]s’ / ‘es] ’ zAbx¿ pRrf/0f ubf{ p:t} p:t} ;l' gG5g\\ . To:t} t];|f] / rfy} f] kª\\lQmsf ‘v]Ng'’ / ‘aNg'’ zAb p:t} ;l' gG5g\\ . pRrf/0fdf p:t} ;l' gg] / p:t} no cfpg] zAbnfO{ cg'kf| ; elgG5 . uLt / sljtfdf cgk' |f;sf] lgs} dxŒj xG' 5 . o;n] sljtf jf uLt dL7f] agfpF5 . ‘n]s’ / ‘es] ’ ‘v]Ng’' / ‘aNg’' cEof; v08 dflysf] sljtfz+ / To;kl5 lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] ltdLn] cjZo} kl9;Sof} . ca tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M s_ dfly sltj6f kª\\lQm lbOPsf] 5 < 3_ ‘/fd|/} fd|f’ sljtf s;n] n]vs] f] xf] < v_ Ps Znfs] df slt kªl\\ Qm x'G5g\\ < ª_ ‘/fd}/| fdf| ’ sljtfdf sltj6f Znfs] 5g\\ < u_ cgk' f| ; egs] f] s] xf] < cWoog v08 lbg M b'O{ ‘/fd|/} fd|f’ sljtf /fd/| L k9 . kf7 M /fd}/| fdf| -sljtf_ cEof; v08 klxnf] lbgsf] cWoog v08df lbOPsf] h:t} u/L sljtfsf cGo kªl\\ Qmdf ePsf cgk' |f; ldns] f zAbx¿sf] hf8] f agfpm M lbg M tLg kf7 M /fd/|} fdf| -sljtf_ cEof; v08 ‘/fd}|/fdf| ’ sljtf no xfn/] jfrg u/ . cleefjsnfO{ ;'Gg nufpm . gldn]sf] 7fpFdf ldnfpg nufpm . --28--

Class-4 lbg M rf/ kf7 M /fd|}/fd|f -sljtf_ cWoog v08 ‘/fd}/| fd|f sljtf k9o\\ f} . To;sf] no;Fu ldNg] ‘d]/f] 3/’ ljifodf bO' { kª\\lQm sljtf nv] . lbg M kfFr kf7 M /fd|}/fdf| -sljtf_ cWoog v08 tnsf sljtf kªl\\ Qmx¿ k9 . cfsfz v'Nbf lbg x'G5 /fdf| ] kmN' bf u'/f;F jg xG' 5 /fd|f] xf:F g] / v]Ng] w/tL 5 /fd|f] dfG5]x¿s} dg nfU5 /fdf| ] . cEof; v08 dflysf] sljtf+z cjZo} k9\\of} xf]nf . ca tnsf s]xL kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm x} t M s_ lbg slta]nf /fdf| ] x'G5 < 3_ w/tLdf xfdL s] u5fF{} < v_ u/' fF; kmn' ]/ sn] fO{ /fd|f] agfpF5 < ª_ sljnfO{ dfG5x] ¿sf] dg s:tf] nfU5 < u_ ‘ufpF3/’ sljtf nV] g] sljsf] gfd n]v < lbg M 5 kf7 M /fd|/} fdf| -sljtf_ cWoog v08 ‘/fd}|/fdf| ’ sljtf /fdf| ;] Fu k9 . cEof; v08 pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L g]kfndf sg' sg' s/' f /fdf| 5g\\ < kf7af6 vfh] ]/ n]v . h:t} M s_ gk] fnsf] zLtn 7fpF /fd|f] 5 . v_ gk] fnsf] lxdfn /fd|f] 5 . lbg M ;ft kf7 M zAbe08f/ cWoog v08 tn s]xL p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAbx¿ lbOPsf 5g,\\ ltgnfO{ k9 / cy{ a'em . ;fy} pbfx/0fdf p:t} cy{ lbg] s]xL zAbsf] hf]8L ldnfOPsf] 5, To;nfO{ x/] . w/tL, hªu\\ n, yf]/}, dfly, cfvF f, jg, ldq, /ftL, tn, bfO, ;fFem, bfh,' gog, ;GWof, ;fyL, w]/}, /flq , k[YjL pbfx/0f M w/tL – kY[ jL jg – hª\\un ;GWof – ;feF m --29--

Nepali cEof; v08 dflysf] pbfx/0fdf em}F p:t} cy{ lbg] zAbx¿ 5fg]/ hf]8L ldnfpm . -p:t} cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ kof{ojfrL zAb elgG5 ._ lbg M cf7 kf7 M zAbe08f/ cWoog v08 tnsf] lbOPsf zAb k9 / a'em . aflx/, sfnf,] ?g', leq, kj\" ,{ pbfpg,' 5]p, 6'Kkf,] cWF of/f], cfsfz, lgbfpg', lbg, c:tfpg,' ;]tf], lapeF mg,' wtL,{ pHofnf], /ft, xf:g,' klZrd aflx/ – leq sfnf] – ;]tf] ?g' – xfF:g' cEof; v08 != pbfx/0fdf h:t} pN6f] cy{ lbg] afFsL zAbx¿nfO{ hf]8f ldnfP/ nv] . @= ‘tnsf] syf+z Wofg lbP/ k9 . Ps lbg tLgj6f b]jLx¿ l;Fuf/k6f/ u/L km6' ]sf s's'{Rrf 3f6] g\\ xfF8LufpFsf] kfv] /Ldf uP . kf]v/Lsf] l8ndf la5\\ofPsf RofK6f 5kgL9ª' \\ufdf a;/] s's{R' rf 3f]6g\\ ] / kvfNg] u//] /fdf| agfP . ;ªl\\ nPsf] kfgLdf cfÇgf cg'xf/ x/] ] . ‘sfe] Gbf sf] /fdL| , tFeGbf d /fd|L’ eGb} rNb} ubf{ 68'F fnb]jLsf] sfgsf] uxgf kf]v/Ldf v:of] . klxn] 6F8' fnbj] Ln] hfdf sk8f vf]n/] kfv] /Ldf kl;g\\ . ;:' t/L kfgLdf k;]/ uxgf vfl] hg\\ t/ e§] fpg ;lsgg\\ . To;kl5 gS;fnb]jL / ef6e6g] Lb]jL klg kf]v/Lsf] kfgLleq k;]/ ;f] uxgf vf]Hg yfn] . klxn] v§' fn,] kl5 8a' 'NsL df/]/ xftn] 5fd5fd5'd5d' u/] t/ e§] fpg ;sg] g\\ . pgLx¿nfO{ hf8fn] ] y'/y/' skF fof] . pgLx¿ l8ndf lg:s]/ ?ems] f sk8f lgrf]/] / Psl5g 3fd tfk] . s_ tnsf zAbx¿sf] 7Ls pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb dflysf] cg'R5b] af6 5fg]/ n]v M /ft, gkm'6]sf, g3f]6g\\ , 3f/L, p7/] , g/fd|f, wldlnPsf], csfs{ f, kl5, a];/L, xft, udL{ k;/] , kfgL -s'g} klg zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb elgG5 . ljk/LtfyL{ zAbsf] dfWodaf6 klg sg' } zAbsf] cy{ klxrfg ug{ ;lhnf] k5{ ._ lbg M gf} kf7 M a9fP/ nV] g] cWoog v08 tnsf] sljtf kªl\\ QmnfO{ a9fP/ nl] vPsf] pbfx/0f x/] . lxdfn /fdf| ] hntfn /fdf| ] 5fuF f–5xf/L ;a nfU5 /fdf| ] . dflysf] sljtf kªl\\ Qm /fd|}/fd|f sljtfsf] xf] . of] sljtf s[i0fk;| fb k/fh'nLn] nV] ge' Psf] xf] . dflysf] kª\\lQmdf g]kfndf /xs] f lxdfn /fdf| /xs] f] s'/f pNnv] ul/Psf] --30--

Class-4 5 . kfgL hDg] tfnx¿ klg plQs} /fd|f 5g\\ . kxf8af6 em/s] f 5fFuf5x/f emg} /fd|f b]lvG5g\\ . g]kfndf /xs] f ;a} s/' f /fd|f 5g\\ . To;n} ] gk] fn bz] klg /fdf| ] 5 . cEof; v08 dflysf] pbfx/0f x/] / tnsf kª\\lQmnfO{ a9fP/ n]v M cfsfz vN' bf lbg x'G5 /fd|f] kmN' bf u'/f;F } jg x'G5 /fdf| ] xf:F g] / vN] g] w/tL 5 /fd|f] dfG5x] ¿s} dg nfU5 /fd|f] . lbg M b; kf7 M z4' n]vg cWoog v08 tnsf] cgR' 5]b /fd/| L cWoog u/ . Ps lbg tLgj6f bj] Lx¿ l;uF f/k6f/ u/L km'6s] f ss' '{Rrf 3f]6g\\ xf8F LufpFsf] kfv] /Ldf uP . kf]v/Lsf] l8ndf la5\\ofPsf RofK6f 5kgL9'ª\\ufdf a;]/ ss' 'R{ rf 3f6] \\g] / kvfNg] u/]/ /fd|f agfP . ;ª\\lnPsf] kfgLdf cfÇgf cg'xf/ x/] ] . ‘sf]eGbf sf] /fd|L, teF Gbf d /fdL| ’ eGb} rNb} ubf{ 68F' fnb]jLsf] sfgsf] uxgf kf]v/Ldf v:of] . klxn] 6F8' fnb]jLn] hfdf sk8f vfn] /] kf]v/Ldf kl;g\\ . ;':t/L kfgLdf k;]/ uxgf vfl] hg\\ t/ e]§fpg ;lsgg\\ . To;kl5 gS;fnbj] L / ef6e6g] Lbj] L klg kf]v/Lsf] kfgLleq k;]/ ;f] uxgf vf]Hg yfn] . klxn] v'§fn,] kl5 8a' N' sL df/]/ xftn] 5fd5fd5'd5'd u/] t/ e§] fpg ;s]gg\\ . pgLx¿nfO{ hf8f]n] y'/y/' sFkfof] . pgLx¿ l8ndf lg:s/] ?em]sf sk8f lgrf]/] / Psl5g 3fd tfk] . cEof; v08 tn pbfx/0fdf lbOPh:t} u/L dflysf] cg'R5]baf6 cfwf cIf/ / v'§f sf6]sf cIf/ k|of]u ePsf zAb l6k]/ n]v M pbfx/0f M cfwf cIf/ ePsf zAb v'§f sf6]sf cIf/ ePsf zAb uGw k5\\of/} f kfSof] lxF8o\\ f] lbg M P3f/ kf7 M ;xL pQ/ klxrfg cEof; v08 tnsf ;xL pQ/ 5fg/] nv] . s_ sljtf /rgf ug{]nfO{ s] elgG5 < c_ lrqsf/ cf_ slj O_ snfsf/ v_ gk] fnsf] pQ/lt/ s] kb5{ < c_ kxf8 cf_ t/fO{ O_ lxdfn --31--

Nepali u_ ltdL a:g] lhNnfsf] gfd s] xf] < c_ sf7df8fF} cf_ sf:sL O_ dgfª 3_ gk] fnsf] /fhwfgL sxfF kb5{ < c_ la/f6gu/ cf_ sf7df8fF} O_ wgu9L ª_ kfgL hd]kl5 s] aG5 < c_ jfkm cf_ bxL O_ j/km lbg M afx| kf7 M zAblgdf0{ f cEof; v08 pbfx/0f x/] L To:t} gofF zAb n]v M lx8F \\ ± g' ≠ lxF8\\g' lx8F \\ ± g] ≠ lx8F \\g] vf ± g' ≠ /fv\\ ± g] ≠ cfp ± g' ≠ rfv\\ ± g] ≠ kms{ ± g' ≠ kv{ ± g] ≠ v]nfp ± g' ≠ ldnfp ± g] ≠ lbg M t]x| kf7 M zAblgdf{0f cEof; v08 sf]i7sdf lbOPsf zAbaf6 pxL cy{ lbg] zAb 5fgL hf8] f ldnfpm M s_ afaf – -a'af, bfh,' lbbL_ ª_ uf8] f – -6fpsf,] xft, v§' f_ v_ au}Frf – -af/L, v]t, km'naf/L_ r_ 3/ – -;x/, u[x, b/af/_ u_ /ft – -/ftL, lbg, laxfg_ 5_ k9fO – -cWoog, n]vfO, afn] fO_ 3_ ljb]z – -bz] , k/b]z, kb| ]z_ lbg M rf}w kf7 M zAbe08f/ cWoog v08 Jofs/0fsf] k':tsaf6 ljk/LtfyL{ zAbx¿af/] cWoog u/ / a'em . cEof; v08 tn lbOPsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb sfi] 7saf6 5fg / hf8] f ldnfP/ n]v . s_ aflx/ – -dfly, ptf, leq_ ª_ :jb]z – -bz] , dn' s' , ljb]z_ v_ vfg' – -ksfpg', gvfg', pdfNg_' r_ xf:F g' – -v]Ng', afN] g,' ?g'_ u_ 3fd – -kfgL, cfsfz, h\"g_ 5_ h\"g – -rGb|df, jfo', tf/f_ 3_ 6K' kf] – -kmb] , sf08, kft_ h_ k;} f – -plkofF, ?lkof,F laof_F --32--

Class-4 lbg M kGw| kf7 M z4' nv] g cWoog v08 tnsf] cg'R5]b /fd|/L k9 . anzfnL dfG5]n] an k|of]u u//] w/] } sl7g sfd klg ;lhn} ;DkGg u5{g\\ . an eof] eGbd} f cfÇgf] jl/kl/ cfpg] ;an} fO{ an b]vfpg' /fd|f] xf]Og . ljåfg\\x¿ an x'g]n] ug{ g;s]sf sfd klg ;lhn} u5{g\\ . x/]s k|lt:kwfd{ f ljhoL xg' an / a'l4 b'j}sf] plQs} ko| fu] ug{'k5{ . ansf] / al' 4sf] 3dG8 s;}n] /fVgx' G' g / jftfj/0f zfGt / ;'Gb/ agfpgk' 5{ . ljsf;sf sfddf klg an / a'l4 plQs} dxŒjk\"0f{ x'G5g\\ . ljZjdf zflGt sfod u/L ljsf; ug{' g} an / al' 4 b'js} f] p2]Zo x'g'k5{ . cEof; v08 cgR' 5]bdf ePsf ‘a’ / ‘j’ nfu]/ ag]sf zAb gbf]xf/] fO{ tflnsf agfP/ nv] . ‘a’ k|ofu] ePsf zAb ‘j’ k|of]u ePsf zAb af6n' f] jl/kl/ laxfg ;jf/L ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== lbg M ;f]x| kf7 M zAb lgdf0{ f cWoog v08 tn wft'af6 zAb agfpg] pbfx/0f lbOPsf] 5, /fd/| L x]/ . a;\\ ± b} ≠ a:b} ;'t\\ ± b} ≠ ;'Tb} x/] \\ ± b} ≠ x]b{} v]n\\ ± b} ≠ v]Nb} cfp ± b} ≠ cfpFb} kv{ ± b} ≠ kv{bF } cEof; v08 tn lbPsf wft'af6 dflysf] pbfx/0fdf h:t} ‘b}’ hf8] /] zAb agfpm . kmn' \\, nv] \\, hf, lsg\\, kms,{ eg\\, km'6,\\ afn] \\, kfn] ,\\ e6' ,\\ en' fp, kmn' fp --33--

Nepali lbg M ;q kf7 M zAb klxrfg cWoog v08 tnsf] pbfx/0f x/] / tn lbOPsf zAbnfO{ tflnsfdf ldnfP/ n]v . lxF8g\\ ;Sg] lxF8g\\ g;Sg] ufO{ 9'ªu\\ f e8] f sf7 3f8] f kmnfd ====== ====== ======= ====== ======= ======= ====== ======= ====== ======= ======= ====== ======= ====== srf/} f, s;' L,{ xfQL, rKkn, aQL, af3, la/fnf,] sfkL, d';f, snd, df]afOn, dfG5], eft, e;}F L, sldnf, O6F f, vfn] f, k/fn, uf8L, r/f lbg M c7f/ kf7 M gfd cWoog v08 tnsf] pbfx/0fdf bv] fPemF} tnsf gfdx¿nfO{ ldNg] u/L tflnsfdf n]v . dflg;sf gfd hgfj/sf gfd j:t'sf gfd 7fpFsf gfd lgSsL 3f]8f 9ª' \\uf gfu8fF8f lgt' eF;} L kfgL af3df/f ====== ====== ====== ====== ======= ======= ======= ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ====== ====== ====== ======= ====== ====== ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ====== ======= ======= ======= ====== bZ[ of, :ofn, k'/grf/} , rfFbL, k'ikf, bdf}nL, e/tk/' , cfbz{, s6' f], sfkL, h/fof,] ;dLk, sfx'F, rSs', ufO{, sf7, w|j' , xfQL, /dfbj] L, nlntk'/, v/fof,] lk|td --34--

lbg M pGgfO{; Class-4 cWoog v08 kf7 M cEof;leqsf] kf7 -ki[ 7 M *_ kf7 k9 . cEof; v08 cEof;leqsf] kf7 k9]/ ToxfF rGb|laGb' - F _ nfu]sf / /k] m - { _ nfu]sf zAb 5fg/] nv] . pbfx/0f M rGb|laGb' nfu]sf zAb /k] m nfus] f zAb af;F ;\"o{ cflQFb} jiff{t\\ lbg M aL; kf7 M aflx/L 1fg cWoog v08 ltdL slxn]sfxLF cleefjs jf ;fyL;Fu sg' } vfn] f lsgf/df uPsf x'g ;S5f} . Psk6s cfÇgf] jl/kl/ /xs] f vf]nf, gbL / tfnsf] gfd n]v . -cfkm\"nfO{ ;a} gcfPdf cleefjs tyf lzIfs;uF ;fw] /] n]v ._ lbg M PSsfO{; kf7 M n]vg cWoog v08 tn lbOPsf aFb' fsf cfwf/df ‘d]/f] dfdf3/’ zLif{sdf Pp6f nv] tof/ kf/ . dfdf3/df slt hgf x'gx' G' 5 < dfOh\"n] s] ugx{' 'G5 < dfdf3/df sf] sf] x'g'xG' 5 < ltdL s'g sg' rf8df dfdf3/ hfG5f} < dfdfn] s] ugx{' G' 5 < dfdf3/df slQsf] /dfOnf] x'G5 < lbg M afO;{ kf7 M k'R5/sf] s'/f cWoog v08 != k|f0fLx¿ b'O{ v§' f ePsf / rf/ v'§§ ePsf hgfj/ ltdLn] bv] ]s} 5f} . bO' { v'§f x'g] / rf/ v§' f xg' ] kfrF kfFr hgfj/nfO{ b'O{ ;dx\" df afF8]/ tflnsf agfpm M pbfx/0f M b'O{ v§' f xg' ] rf/ v§' f x'g] kG] u'Og uf?] k/j] f l;x+ lbg M t]O{; kf7 M df}sfdf lx/f kmf]g{' cWoog v08 ‘dfs} fdf lx/f kmfg] '{’ kf7sf] ;?' df ePsf zAbfy{ Wofgk\"js{ k9 . --35--

Nepali cEof; v08 pQm kf7df ePsf zAb ;f]Wg nufpm / cfkm\"n] cy{ eg . slt zAbsf] ;xL cy{ eGof,} ;f]w / hfGg] ag . lbg M rf}aL; kf7 M df}sfdf lx/f kmfg] '{ cWoog v08 ‘df}sfdf lx/f kmfg] ’'{ kf7 cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 . cEof; v08 kf7sf] bf;] f| ] cgR' 5]b afafcfdfnfO{ eGg nufpm / cfkm\"n] nv] . n]lv;s]kl5 cleefjs;uF } slt z4' nV] of}, x/] . cz'4 ePsf zAb lstfa x]/]/ z'4 agfpm . lbg M kRrL; kf7 M dfs} fdf lx/f kmf]g'{ cWoog v08 ‘dfs} fdf lx/f kmfg] '{’ kf7 /fdf| ];uF k9 . cEof; v08 cy{ v'nfO{ a9fP/ n]v M df}sfdf lx/f kmfg] {', a]df}sfdf sf8} L g5f8] \\g' . lbg M 5AaL; kf7 M df}sfdf lx/f kmf]g{' cWoog v08 ltdf| cleefjsnfO{ s07 ePsf] s'g} syf ;do ldnfP/ ;'g . cEof; v08 cleefjsn] ;'gfpg'ePsf] syfdf s]s] eof] < ;Dem/] n]v . lbg M ;QfO{; kf7 M lso| fkb lgdf{0f cEof; v08 tn pbfx/0fdf lbOPh:t} u/L ls|ofkb lgdf{0f u/ M d\"n lso| f d xfdL tF ltdL pgL cfpg' – cfp5F ' cfp5F f}F cfp5F ;\\ cfp5F f} cfpF5g\\ v]Ng' – v]N5' vN] 5f}F v]N5;\\ v]N5f} vN] 5g\\ lgbfpg' –= gfRg' – yfSg' – 8'Ng' – kf}l8g' – --36--

lbg M c¶fO{; Class-4 kf7 M cEof;leqsf] kf7 -ki[ 7 M!*_ cWoog v08 ‘cEof;leqsf] kf7’ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 / cleefjsnfO{ ;g' fpm . cEof; v08 3_ sf}/jx¿sL cfdfsf] gfd s] xf] < pQm kf7 k9/] tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]v M ª_ dxfsfJodf s]sf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 < s_ kfFr kf08jsf] gfd nv] . v_ sf}/jsf sg' } bO' { 5f]/fsf] gfd nv] . u_ s'GtLsf 5f/] fx¿sf] sfs] f] x'g\\ < lbg M pgfGtL; kf7 M zAblgdf0{ f cEof; v08 pbfx/0f x/] L tnsf zAbx¿ lgdf0{ f u/ M wd{ ± OGb| ≠ wd]{Gb| jL/ ± OGb| ≠ 1fg ± OGb| ≠ /fhf ± OGb| ≠ /fhG] b| dxf ± OGb| ≠ bLk ± OGb| ≠ s'n ± OGb| ≠ ;j{ ± OGb| ≠ rf]nf ± OGb| ≠ lbg M tL; kf7 M zAblgdf0{ f cEof; v08 tnsf] pbfx/0f x/] / pbfx/0fdf h:t} zAb lgdf0{ f u/ . k| ± sf/ ≠ ks| f/ c ± zflGt ≠ czflGt cg' ± dfg ≠ cg'dfg k| ± rf/ ≠ c ± l:y/ ≠ cg' ± xf/ ≠ k| ± ;f/ ≠ c ± lzi6 ≠ cg' ± ej ≠ k| ± bLk ≠ c ± sfn ≠ cg' ± zf;g ≠ k| ± zfGt ≠ c ± lgbf| ≠ cg' ± jfb ≠ k| ± lso| f ≠ c ± Gofo ≠ cg' ± nv] g ≠ k| ± :yfg ≠ c ± :j:y ≠ lbg M PstL; kf7 M PsfGtkd]| L hgfj/ M efn' cEof; v08 kf7sf] bf;] f| ] cg'R5b] /fdf| cIf/ agfO{ cg'n]vg u/ . --37--

Nepali lbg M aQL; kf7 M jfSolgdf0{ f cEof; v08 pbfx/0fdf h:t} tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M pbfx/0f M hLjhGt' M hLjhGt'x¿ xfd|f ;fyL x'g\\ . df;+ fxf/L M l;+x, af3 h:tf hLjx¿ df;+ fxf/L x'g\\ . z/L/, ;femf, gªu\\ f| , cf9] f/, tfhf, xfjfkfgL, l;kfn', ;/+ If0f lbg M t]QL; kf7 M syf >j0f cEof; v08 sg' } hgfj/af/] 5f6] f] syf cleefjsnfO{ yfxf x'g ;S5 . syf eGg cg/' fw] u/ / Wofg lbP/ syf ;'g . syf ;'lg;s]kl5 5f6] s/Ldf n]v . lbg M rft} L; kf7 M j0fg{ cEof; v08 ltdf| ] 3/df la/fnf] 5 xfn] f . 5}g eg] klg l5ds] df xg' ;S5 . tnsf s/' fx¿ ;d]6L la/fnfs] f af/d] f 5f]6f] n]v tof/ kf/ . la/fnf] s:tf] /ªsf] 5 < s;/L s/fpF5 < la/fnf] sg' 7fpFdf a:5 < d';f;uF p;sf] s:tf] ;DaGw 5 < la/fnfn] s] vfG5 < ss' '/;uF ldN5 ls emu8f u5{ < cflb . la/fnf] s;/L lxF85\\ < lbg M k}FtL; kf7 M z'4 n]vg cEof; v08 kf7df x]/L tnsf zAbx¿ z4' kf/L n]v M PsfGtk]l| d, c;V+ o, lhjhGt,\" ls6kt+u, ;l//, ag:ktL, iflQmzfln, dxfb];, jf6] lj?af, hgfa/, kh| ftL, ;ª/\\ 5o\\ 0f lbg M 5QL; kf7 M ljelQm k|ofu] cEof; v08 tnsf] pbfx/0f x/] L lgDg ljelQm ko| fu] u/L jfSo agfpm M pbfx/0f M n] M d laxfg} sr' fn] e'OF a9f5{' . --38--

Class-4 b]lv M afaf / d 3/b]lv ahf/;Dd uP/ ;fdfg lsg]/ NofPsf lyof}F . sL M ljBfsL b]jL ;/:jtLnfO{ >Lk~rdLdf kh\" f ul/G5 . df, nfO,{ sf,] af6, n], åf/f, sf, /f] lbg M ;}FtL; kf7 M cEof;leqsf] kf7 -k[i7 M @*_ cWoog v08 cEof;leqsf] kf7 /fd/| L k9 / kfG8fsf af/d] f hfgsf/L kfpm . cEof; v08 cEof;leqsf] kf7 kl9;s]kl5 tn lbOPsf jfSox¿ 7Lsa]7Ls 56' o\\ fpm M s_ kfG8f nf]kfG] d'v k|f0fL xfO] g . v_ kfG8f efn's} Pp6f k|hflt xf] . u_ kfG8fsf] z/L/el/ Pp6} /ªsf] e'Tnf x'G5 . 3_ kfG8fn] ;fukft / 3f;F vfGg . ª_ kfG8f udL{ xfjfkfgL ePsf] 7fpdF f kfObF }g . r_ kfG8f g]kfndf klg kfOG5 . lbg M c7\\tL; kf7 M cN5L eP vfg kfOFbg} cWoog v08 ‘cN5L eP vfg kfOFbg} ’ kf7 /fdf| ]l;t k9 . cEof; v08 kf7af6 p4/0f lrGx - æÆ _ / cNklj/fd -,_ lrGx k|of]u ePsf b'O{ bO' { jfSo l6k]/ nv] . lbg M pgfGrfnL; kf7 M cN5L eP vfg kfObF g} cWoog v08 tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 . sfG5fn] eGof], æjfx, Sof af7f s'/f u5f}{ ¤ cfkm\"eGbf sfG5fnfO{ dfof ugk{' 5{ eGg] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5g} < To;dfly ltdLeGbf d b'Anf], kftnf] / sdhf]/ 5' . cfkme\" Gbf sdhf]/nfO{ b'Mv lbgx' bF' }g . of] s'/f klg ltdLnfO{ yfxf x'g'k5{ .Æ h7] fn] kmsfpFb} eGof], æTo;f] xfO] g, efO . ltdL deGbf l56f5] l/tf] 5f} . deGbf rf8F f] bu'g{ ;S5f} . hlt rfF8f] bu¥' of] Tolt rf8F } t/a'hf 3/df cfp5F . rfF8} vfg kfOG5 .Æ --39--

Nepali cEof; v08 dflysf] cg'R5b] kl9;sk] l5 tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M s_ cfkme\" Gbf ;fgfnfO{ s] ugk'{ 5 < v_ h7] f] / sfG5f] efn'dWo] s'grflxF b'Anf] / kftnf] 5 < u_ h7] fn] sfG5fnfO{ s] eg/] kmsfof] < 3_ pgLx¿dWo] sg' l56f] bug' { ;S5 < ª_ bO' {dWo] s;sf] s/' f ;xL nfUof] / lsg < lbg M rfnL; kf7 M Jofs/0f -jrg_ cWoog v08 Pp6f dfq a'emfpg] zAb Psjrg xf] eg] w/] } a'emfpg] zAb ax'jrg xf] . h:t} M Clif – Psjrg Clifx¿ – ax'jrg afaf – Psjrg afafx¿ – ax'jrg r/f] – Psjrg r/fx¿ – ax'jrg s6] f] – Psjrg s6] fx¿ – axj' rg s]6L – Psjrg s]6Lx¿ – ax'jrg d – Psjrg xfdLx¿ – ax'jrg cEof; v08 pbfx/0fdf x/] L tnsf gfd jf ;j{gfdnfO{ ax'jrgdf abn Psjrg ax'jrg Psjrg d xfdL÷xfdLx¿ tkfOF{ ltdL ltdLx¿ pxfF of] logLx¿ pgL tF s'v/' f] Tof] dflg; uR' rf lbg M PsrfnL; kf7 M Jofs/0f -jrg_ cWoog v08 h'g s'/fnfO{ uGg ;lsG5, Tof] Psjrg / ax'jrg x'G5 . h'g j:t'nfO{ uGg ;lsGg, To;nfO{ ax'jrg agfpg ;lsbF g} . h:t} M ax'jrg agfpg ldNg] axj' rg agfpg gldNg] Psjrg ax'jrg Psjrg axj' rg -o:tf] ug{ ldNb}g _ kfgLx¿ * vfn] f vfn] fx¿ kfgL ;fyL ;fyLx¿ l;dG] 6 l;dG] 6x¿ * --40--

lbbL lbbLx¿ Class-4 3/ 3/x¿ lxpF lxpxF ¿ * lrgL lrgLx¿¿ * cEof; v08 dflysf] pbfx/0f x]/L axj' rg agfpg ldNg] / gldNg] zAbaf/] a'em / ax'jrg agfpg ldNg] / gldNg] c¿ kfFr kfFrj6f lrhsf] gfd nv] . lbg M aofnL; kf7 M Jofs/0f -s/0f, cs/0f_ cEof; v08 tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/L lbOPsf ls|ofnfO{ cs/0f agfpm M lso| f cufl8 ‘g’ yKg] hfpm ghfpm lso| f lardf ‘g’ yKg] cfpnf gcfpnf a;\\ ga;\\ eP5 ePg5 pk|mL ======= lal;P{ 5' lal;P{ g5' xf;F fFn} f ======= v]NyF] vN] bg} y]F vfpmg\\ ======= n8]5 ======= hfg'xf];\\ ======= rNYof] ======= a:y] ======== a:gx' 'GYof] ======== lso| f clGtddf ‘g’ yKg] 5 5}g xG' 5 xFb' }g k¥of] k/g] ug]{5 ======= bV] of] ======= cfofF} ======= x]g{'xG' 5 ======= lbg M lqrfnL; kf7 M z4' n]vg cWoog v08 cEof;leqsf] kf7 -ki[ 7M #*_ Wofgkj\" {s k9 . --41--

Nepali cEof; v08 kf7df x|:j Osf/ - l _ / bL3{ O{sf/ - L _ k|ofu] ePsf rf/ rf/j6f zAb vf]h]/ gbfx] f¥] ofO{ nv] . lbg M rfj} fnL; kf7 M z4' n]vg cWoog v08 tnsf] cgR' 5b] k9 . laxfg} k\"j{ lbzfaf6 ;o\" { pbfPsf] bZ[ o lgs} ;'Gb/ b]lvG5 . ;\"os{ f ls/0f laxfg} kmn\" df kbf{ dg nf]EofpF5 . kt' nLn] kmn\" nfO{ dfof ub{} lxF8s] f] b[Zon] d]/f] dg 5G' 5 . ;o' fb]{ o;Fu} b]lvg] oL ;a} b[Zo dg gk/fpg] dflg; ;fob} sfx] L xfn] f . d\"v{ dflg;n] dfq} o:tf ;G' b/ s/' fx¿df lbn nufpbF }g . ;\"o{af6 xfdL ;fo} { pmhf{ lgsfNg ;S5fF} / To;nfO{ ljB'tsf ¿kdf k|ofu] ug{ ;S5fF} . cEof; v08 dflysf] cg'R5]baf6 x:| j psf/ - ' _ / bL3{ pmsf/ - \" _ nfu]sf rf/ rf/j6f zAb gbf]xf¥] ofO{ vfh] /] sfkLdf ;f/ . lbg M kt}F fnL; kf7 M sljtf cWoog v08 tnsf] sljtf no xfn/] k9 . rGbd| f – /d]zrGb| l3ld/] lbg}lkR5] cfsf/ km5] { rGbd| f cfsfzaf6 xfdLnfO{ x5] { rGbd| f . slxn] k'/} pHofnf] slxn] k'/} sfnf] 3l' dlkm/L h\"gn] u5{ cfnfk] fnf] slt a:g] cfsfzdf tn em/ g ;fyL 7fgL xfdLnfO{ dfof u/ g . wf/ agfO{ cf;F Lsf] s5] { rGb|df cfsfzaf6 xfdLnfO{ x5] { rGb|df . hg\" dfdf eg/] eGg'k5{ /] aNn kf] t xfdLnfO{ dfof u5{ /] cfdfl;t ;fw] /] gftf lrgs] f] x]/ x]/ la:tf/} dfdf lxgs] f] . 3D' 6f] cf9] fO afbnn] a5] { rGb|df cfsfzaf6 xfdLnfO{ x5] { rGb|df . --42--

cEof; v08 Class-4 != tnsf sx] L zAbx¿sf] cy{ cleefjs;Fu ;fw] /] n]v M cfsf/, cf;F L, cfnfk] fnf], gftf, 3D' 6f,] ag] '{, la:tf/} @= dflysf] sljtfdf ePsf lgDg zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M lbg, pHofnf], sfnf,] cfsfz, tn, ;fyL, dfof, cfdf, la:tf/} lbg M 5ofnL; kf7 M df6f] eGg' l;hg{ f xf] -sljtf_ cWoog v08 ‘df6f] eGg' l;h{gf xf’] sljtf no xfn/] k9 . cEof; v08 != ;'g, 9'ªu\\ f / df6f]n] ss] ] lbG5g\\ < n]v . @= a9fP/ nv] M jf:tjdf ;a}eGbf df6f] /’} 5 wgL df6f] eGg' l;hg{ f xf] df6f] lhGbufgL . lbg M ;trfnL; kf7 M Jofs/0f cEof; v08 tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/]/ k'lnªu\\ L ls|ofnfO{ :qLlnª\\uLdf abn . kl' nª\\uL :qLlnªu\\ L s_ ltdL ufp5F f} . ltdL ufpF5\\of} . v_ tF v]N5;\\ < tF vN] 5];\\ < u_ pm cfpbF g} . pm cfpFlbg . 3_ ltdL k9\\5f} . ======================== ª_ tF ;'G5;\\ . ======================== r_ Tof] hfg]5 . ======================== 5_ pgL vN] 5g\\ . ======================== h_ logL n]Vb} 5g\\ . ======================== em_ tn}F ] vfPsf] 5;\\ . ======================== lbg M c7rfnL; kf7 M cEof;leqsf] kf7 cWoog v08 cEof;leqsf] kf7 Wofgkj\" s{ k9 . --43--

Nepali cEof; v08 hldgn] xfdLnfO{ s]s] lbG5 < n]v . lbg M pgfGkrf; kf7 M Jofs/0f -sfn_ cEof; v08 != tnsf] pbfx/0fdf lbOPemF} ls|ofkbnfO{ ljleGg sfndf abn . lso| f e\"tsfn jtd{ fg sfn eljiot\\ sfn -lxhf]_ -cfh_ -efl] n_ vfg' vfPF vfG5' lgbfpg' lgbfPF lgbfpF5' vfg5] ' k9\\g' lgbfpg]5' kmsg{ ' n]Vg' hfg' lkpg' 3'Dg' lbg M krf; kf7 M ;fOdgsf a'afsf] lrgf/L cWoog v08 ‘;fOdgsf a'afsf] lrgf/L’ kf7 k9 / afacfdfnfO{ ;'gfpm . cEof; v08 ;fOdgsf afafsf h:t} ltdf| afafsf af/]df klg ;fw] / ‘d]/f aa' fsf] lrgf/L’ zLifs{ df afafsf af/]df nv] . lbg M PsfpGg kf7 M zAb1fg cEof; v08 ltd|f] jl/kl/ /xs] f ljleGg b;j6f j:t' x/] / tL sg' /ªsf 5g\\ n]v . j:t' /ª skfn sfnf] l3/f}nF f xl/of] lbg M afpGg kf7 M zAb1fg cEof; v08 ltdLn] km/skm/s t/sf/L vfG5f} . ltd|L cfdfn] ksfpg] tL t/sf/Lx¿ s]s] xG' 5g\\ < cfdf;Fu ltgsf gfd ;f]w / sg' } b;j6f t/sf/Lsf gfd n]v . --44--

lbg M lqkGg Class-4 cWoog v08 kf7 M zAblgdf{0f pbfx/0fdf lbOPemF} tnsf zAbx¿ 56' o\\ fP/ nv] M ;feF mlaxfg – 3fdkfgL – 3fd ± kfgL gbLgfnf – gbL ± gfnf lbg/ft – jfl/kfl/ – vt] af/L – ;ful;:gf] – kmnkmn' – lrgLkfgL – lbg M rf}jGg kf7 M gfd cWoog v08 tnsf zAbx¿ /fd|/L k9 / ae' m M JolQm M ;hn, cfo'idf, lji0f', cfo'if, ;Ldf, l;d|g, gf/fo0fL j:t' M df6f], s';L{, vf6, 9fs] f, OF6f, 3/ cflb . 7fpF M kf]v/f, dxG] bk| 'n, sf7df8f}F, bdf}nL, k[YjLrfs] cflb . cGg M wfg, sfb] f,] kmfk/, pjf cflb . wft' M ;g' , tfdf, lkQn, kmnfd cflb . efj M xf;F f], ?jfO, dfof, 3[0ff, Oi{ of{ cflb . -JolQm, j:t', 7fpF, efj cflb a'emfpg] zAb gfd x'g\\ . cEof; v08 dflysf gfddf c¿ tLg tLg gfd yk/] n]v . -klxn] cfkmF} nV] g] k|of; u/ . olb cfPg eg] dfq cleefjs jf lzIfsnfO{ ;fw] /] nv] ._ lbg M krkGg kf7 M aflx/L kf7 -z'4 nv] g_ cWoog v08 Psfb]zdf Pp6f ufpF lyof] . ToxfF bO' {hgf bfhe' fO a:b} cfPsf lyP . bfhs' f] lax] ePsf] lyof] . efOsf] eg] lax] ePsf] lyPg . pgLx¿;uF a/fa/ hldg lyof] . b'j}hgf Ps csf{sf] sfddf ;xofu] uy{] . bfh'sf] lax] ePkl5sf] jif{df dª\\l;/df wfg yGSofpg] an] f eof] . Pp6} vt] df pgLx¿n] wfg emf//] /fvs] f lyP . To; /ftL efOn] bfh'sf] lax] eof], 5f]/f5f/] L klg 5g\\ . w/] } kl/jf/ ePsfn] vfgf yf]/} xG' 5, d t PSn} 5' eGg] ;f]r/] b; af]/f wfg bfhs' f] wfgsf] /f;df nu]/ vGofOlbof] . bfhn' ] klg xfdL t >Ldfg>LdtL g} sfd ug{] 5f}F . efO PSn} 5 eGg] ;fr] /] b; af/] f wfg efOsf] wfgsf] /f;df ylklbP5 . bj' n} ] Psn] csfn{] fO{ dfof ubf{ b'jn} fO{ kmfObf eof] . dfof ubf{ s;n} fO{ klg gfS] ;fg x'bF g} . --45--

Nepali cEof; v08 dflysf] cg'R5]bdf ‘o’ / ‘P’ k|ofu] ePsf zAb 5fg/] 5'§f5§' } tflnsf agfO{ nv] . lbg M 5kGg kf7 M aflx/L kf7 -z'4 n]vg_ cWoog v08 tnsf zAbx¿ cWoog u/ M :jfb M ul' nof], cldnf,] 6/f],{ g'lgnf], dL7f,] ====, ====, ==== :jefj M rsrs], rn' a'n,] aft], 5R' rf], hftL, ====, ====, ==== cfsf/ M uf]n,] r'Rrf], rf/kf6,] lqe'hfsf/, ====, ====, ==== ;ª\\Vof M kfFr, Ps, ;o, nfv, ====, ====, ==== kl/df0f M w/] ,} sd, Hofb}, ax't, ====, ====, ==== :jfldTj-s;sf_] M /fdsf], xfd|f,] d]/f], p;sf] ====, ====, ==== /ª M /ftf,] a}hgL, ;G' tnf, kx]Fnf,] ====, ====, ====, -dflysf zAbn] s:tf], slt, s;sf,] s'g cflb k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbPsfn] oL zAb ljz]if0f x'g.\\ _ cEof; v08 dflysf k|To]ssf tLg tLgj6f ldNg] zAb /fvL vfnL 7fpF e/]/ sfkLdf n]v . lbg M ;GtfpGg kf7 M cEof;leqsf] kf7 -ki[ 7 M %*_ cWoog v08 ‘cEof;leqsf] kf7’ /fd/| L k9 / ;fOdgsf af/d] f hfgsf/L n]pm . cEof; v08 pQm kf7df ;fOdgsf] af/]df n]v] h;/L g} ltdLn] ltd|f] cToGt} ldNg] ;fyLsf af/d] f nv] . lbg M cG7fpGg kf7 M Jofs/0f -ljelQm_ cWoog v08 tn bflxg]lt/ /x]sf zAbx¿ aGg] s|ddf b]al]| t/sf] sg' cz+ x6fOPsf] 5 < x]/ x} t . s_ /fhfsf] b/af/ M /fhb/af/ -sf]_ v_ b]zsf] eQm M bz] eQm -sf]_ u_ a'l4n] xLg M a'l4xLg -n]_ 3_ jgdf ef]h M jgefh] -df_ ª_ ann] dQ M andQ -n]_ r_ efG;fsf nflu sf7] f M efG;fsf7] f -sf nflu_ 5_ kbaf6 dQ' m M kbd'Qm -af6_ h_ efOnfO{ kh\" f M efOkh\" f -nfO_{ --46--

Class-4 cEof; v08 dflysf zAb aGbf x6fOPsf c+z ljelQm x'g\\ . hf] gfd jf ;j{gfd;Fu hfl] 8P/ cfpF5g\\ . dflysf ljelQm gbfx] f]¥ofO{ Ps Ps jfSo agfpm . lbg M pgfG;f7L kf7 M Jofs/0f cEof; v08 tn lbOPsf ldNg] zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fpF e/ M /fd|f], dL7f,] pN6f,] cUnf,] df]6f], kfss] f], 5'Rrf], sfnf] s_ d]/f xh'/a'afn] kmn' s] f] skfndf ======= bNge' of] . v_ ======= s]/f b]Vg] lalQs} d/] f] d'v /;fp5F . u_ dnfO{ d hGds] f] 7fpF g} ======= nfU5 . 3_ d]/f afaf cfdfeGbf ====== xg' x' G' 5 . ª_ xfdL slxNo} klg ======= xg' 'xG' g . r_ afafsf] sfFwdf r9b\\ f t d afafeGbf ====== xG' 5' . 5_ dfOh\"n] agfPsf] vfgs] '/f lgs} ====== lyof] lg ¤ h_ d/] f] ;fyLnfO{ aL;bl] v z\"Go;Dd ======= eGg cfp5F . -dfly ltdLn] 5fg]/ /fv]sf ;a} zAb ljz]if0f x'g\\ ._ lbg M ;f7L kf7 M zAbfy{ cEof; v08 tnsf zAbx¿sf] ldNg] cy{;uF hf]8f ldnfpm M s_ zAb cy{ u_ zAb cy{ 5xf/L ;a}sf] af; l;k ePsf] cfgGb ¿vsf] 5fofF cgdf]n egfeg ;femf df5f, df;' gvfg] l;kfn' w]/} d\"No kg{] zfsfxf/L d:tL, dHhf jfbljjfb af:gf v_ zAb cy{ 3_ zAb cy{ kl| ;4 em/gf lhdL jg 5fuF f z/L/aflx/sf] /fF} hªu\\ n nf]eL dxlif{ gfd rn]sf] sGh'; gªu\\ f| n] sft] g]{ eT' nf 7n\" f Clif lryf]g]{ hldg --47--

Subject : Mathematics Day-1 Activity line line segment ray point Exercise a)Identify the following: i) ii) iii) iv) __________ __________ _________ ____________ b) Draw the following: i) Point ii) Line (iii)Line segment iv)ray Day-2 Activity A straight line has arrowhead in both direction, so it can be extend in both sides. It does not have fix length. It is represented as��A���B�⃗ . Exercise Draw a straight line and complete the following. a) The arrowhead at the two ends is in a ____. b) A line can be extends infinitely in ____ directions. c) ��A���B�⃗ means _____ AB. Day-3 Activity A line signet has two end points. It cannot be extended. It his fix length it is represented as ��A���B�⃗. Exercise Draw a line segment and complete the following. a) A line segment has ____ and points. b) A line segment has a ____ length. c) A section of line is ____ segment. d) ____ is represented by AB. --48--

Class-4 Day-4 Activity A ray has one end point and one arrowhead. It can be extended on one side. It has no fix length. It is represented as ��A���B�⃗. Exercise Draw a ray and complete the following: a) The arrowhead at one end of a line represent it is a _____. b) The name of A B is ______. c) A ray has ____ fix length. Day-5 Activity 3 line segments Four line segments 4 line segment. Exercise How many live segment are there in each of the following figures? a) b) c) d) Day-6 Activity This picture shows thelength of given line segment. AB Here, AB = 4.3cm --49--

Mathematics Exercise- Write the Length of given live segments. a) M N MN = …… b) Y c) P Q X Day-7 Activity Observe activAity -6 and learn how to measure the sides of given picture. Here, AB = 3cm BC = 4cm AC = 3.5cm B C Perimeter = AB + BC + CA = 3cm + 4cm + 3.5cm 3.0 = 10.5 cm 4.0 3.5 10.5 - We add the length of all sides to find out perimeter. Exercise Measure the sides of following figures and fBind the perimeter. a) P b) c) D C D CA B QR --50--