SCIENCE-SEA 2

SCIENCE EK BHARAT SHRESTHA BHARAT

MAHARASHTRA: Maharashtra was formed on 1st May 1960 by splitting Bombay state Maharashtra is a state in the Western Peninsular region of India Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra Maharashtra has a tropical climate with three distinct Seasons summer monsoon and winter

Odisha Odisha was formed on 1st April 1936 Odisha an Eastern Indian state on the Bay of Bengal is known for its tribal cultures and its main ancient Hindu temples Odia is the language officially recognised in the Indian Constitution the main language of Odisha Odisha experiences typical climatic conditions

SOIL IN ODISHA :

Clay: Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material that contains hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (clay minerals) that develops plasticity when wet. ... Clays are plastic due to particle size and geometry as well as water content, and become hard, brittle and non–plastic upon drying or firing. Sandy: Sandy soils are excessively drained and highly leached. They have low organic matter and poor soil fertility. Sandy soils do not hold much water, and, at the same time, applied water is rapidly drained away.

Silt: Silt Soil is a light and moisture retentive soil type with a high fertility rating. As silt soils compromise of medium sized particles they are well drained and hold moisture well. As the particles are fine, they can be easily compacted and are prone to washing away with rain. Peaty: Loamy: Loamy Soil is the mixture of clay, sand and silt soil which consists of additional organic matter and is very fertile compared to other types of soil. It is well suited for cultivation as the plant roots get a sufficient amount of water and nutrients for their growth and development.

SOIL IN MAHARASHTRA:

RED SOIL: Red Soil (Haplustalfs, Rhodustalfs, Ustorthents) and being the highest coverage of all soil groups of the state, extend to the districts of Koraput, Rayagada, Nawrangpur, Malkanagiri, Keonjhar, Ganjam, Kalahandi, Nuapada, Bolangir, Dhenkanal and Mayurbhanj. Presence of excess amounts of oxides of iron imparts red colours to the soil

3. Black Soil: (Chromusterts, Us-torthents) There are no regular occurrence of black soils in the state. These soils occur sporadically in the districts of Puri, Ganjam, Malkangiri, Kalahandi, Nuapada, Bolangir, Sonepur, Boudh, Sambalpur, Bargarh and Angul covering an area of 0.96 m. ha. of lands. The black colour of the soil is due to presence of titaniferous magnetite, humins, bitumins etc. These soils are formed due to weathering of basic rocks in the low lying

FOREST AND VEGETATION IN MAHARASHTRA SOUTHERN TROPICAL MOIST DECIDUOUS Three main sub types occur under this group:- i)- Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests:- teak is present occasionally and the ever green component of species is larger than in case of teak bearing forests . The main species are pterocarpus marsupium(BIJA) , salmalia malabaricum (semal) , Terminal ka to esto (ain) , etc ii) - Moist teak bearing forests :- important and valuable forests of the state from commercial view of point, these are mainly confined to project tiger area in Melihat region of Amravati districts, Chandrapur , Gadhchiroli and thane districts with Retina fransis (teak), the associates are terminal momentos (ain), delbergia latifolia (shisham) , pterocarpusmarsupium (bija) , etc.

iii) Littoral and swamp forests:- the littoral and swamp forests occur along the creeks and littoral In sindhudurg and thane district. Although their comparative extent in the state is marginal,these forests are important for protection of sea coast and marine life.

THE FOREST IN ODISHA ARE DIVIDED INTO 4 TYPES 1) Northern tropical semi-evergreen Forest 2) Tropical moist deciduous Forest 3) tropical dry deciduous forest 4) tidal mangrove forest

FOREST AND VEGETATION IN ODISHA ● The forest of Orissa have innumerable number of medicinal and economically important species all of which need a scientific and sustainable management! ● The forest cover in the state is 50,354q .Km i.e. 32.34 % of its geographical area and tree cover of the state is 3,986 sq.km as published in India state of Forest report 2015

FLOWERS AND PLANTS IN MAHARASHTRA Some of the flowering plants found in Maharashtra are: 1. Botanical name: 2. Botanical name: 3. Botanical name: Arisaema murrayi. Adenoon indicum. Aponogeton satarensis. Common name: 2. Common name: Common name: Murray's Cobra Lily. Blue Sonki. Satara Aponogeton.

Medicinal Herbs found in Maharashtra: 1. Datura metel L. (Dhatura): 2. Butea monosperma: Uses_ Uses_ a) Stomach ache- a) Acidity- Poultice made from cooked Juice extracted from the leaves lukewarm flowers tied on the stomach. b) Skin diseases- Young pods levitated is massaged on the belly for immediate relief. with cow urine are topically applied.

FLOWERS AND PLANTS IN ODISHA Ashoka Flower: *Botanical Name: Saraca Asoca. • *Basic Information: • Fragrant flowers are orange or orange yellow in colour. • Fruit is a four to eight seeded, flat and black coloured, leathery pod. • The pod is dehiscent, woody, and tapering at both ends. • Seeds are ellipsoid–oblong and compressed. Flowering and fruiting occur from July to October.

Prickly Chaff Flower: Botanical Name: Apamarga – Plant *Medicinal uses and other description: • It is an annual or perennial herb. • The plant is used for ornamental purpose Medicinal Use: • It is used to treat various diseases such as leprosy, asthma, fistula, piles, arthritis, wound, and insect bites.

CONCLUSION • Maharashtra is another Indian state that has a great variety of flora and fauna. • The state has hundreds of species of flora and fauna. • Maharashtra is said to have 3 game reserves, 5 national parks and 24 bird sanctuaries. • So, you can explore a variety of animals like tigers, deers, wild boars, panthers and many more.

CONCLUSION • The state is very famous due to its variety of flora and fauna. • The forests usually consist of moist and dry deciduous flora. • There are many species of reptiles, mammals, and birds in Odisha.

SOURCES https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299762853_Soils_of_Orissa_and_their_management https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_fistula https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enIN928IN928&ei=2JPCX-uhD6aR4- EPppyqYA&q=sunari+plant&oq=Sunari+pl&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgUIABDJAzoH CAAQRxCwAzoHCAAQyQMQQzoCCC46AggAOgQIABBDOgcIABCxAxAKOgQIABAKUNsVW J01YMI7aAFwAngAgAGnAYgBtgOSAQMwLjOYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6yAEIwAEB&scli ent=psy-ab https://www.justdial.com/Agra/Plant-Nurseries-in-Sunari/nct-10373941 https://www.imedpub.com/articles/potential-medicinal-plants-of-odisha-used- inrheumatism-and-conservation.php?aid=10562 https://nurserylive.com/products/prickly-chaff-flower-plant https://www.easyayurveda.com/2014/11/20/apamarga-achyranthes-aspera-uses-dose- side-effects/ https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/apamarga.html

THANK YOU!! 1) Kashish : Ppt work 2) Vaishnavi: Soil type and information on the same for Maharashtra. 3) Brahma : Soil type and information on the same for Odisha. 4) Yash : Forest vegetation in Maharashtra. 5) Swati : Forest Vegetation in Odisha. 6) Kanishka: Flowers and Plants in Maharashtra. 7) Akshaya : Flowers and Plants in Odisha. 8) Jatin : PPT work