دروس مادة اللغة الانجليزية للفصل الثاني سنة ثانية ثانوي

*we use may (and might) to say thatsomething is possible.eg. I’m not sure what to do afteruniversity; I may become a teacher.*we use could to talk about possiblefuture actions, especially when wemake suggestions.eg. When you finish your homework,you could help your brother with his.

*we use should (do) to say that it isthe right thing to do, or to give advice.eg. -Motorists should wear seat-belts. -“Ocean’s Twelve” is a great film. You should go and see it.*Should can be replaced by ought to.eg. Motorists ought to wear seat-belts.

1. Read this dialogue then think about the possibilities open to Mike and Maggie.Maggie: Rome is best in the spring. We may go there this year. On the other hand, Rio is the best place to be during Carnival. We could go there.Mike: Let’s go to Ireland in summer instead. I want to go fishing. We could go to Canada in the autumn.Maggie: Mm. Of course, we may go to Austria in the winter; I want to ski.Mike: Or we could have two short holidays, one in spring and one in winter.Make sentences beginning with:They may………………………………………………On the other hand, they may…………………………...They could also………………………………………...…………………………………………………………

2. Peter has just inherited a big sum of money from his uncle. He doesn’tknow what to do. Make some suggestions using these notes buy new house – invest in business – give it to a charity – restore old house – put it in a bank – go on a long journey.Start like this:1. You could ……………………………………2. ……………………………………………….3…………………………………………………4…………………………………………………5…………………………………………………6…………………………………………………

3. Rewrite these sentences using “ought to”. 1. -He should wear glasses. -He ……………………….. 2. -They should wear helmets. -They …………………….. 3. -He should have a haircut. -He …………………. ……………………..

4. -He should respect the referee’s decision. -He ……………………………..

4. Use “ought to” and the words in brackets to answer the questions.eg. I am supposed to pick up my uncle this evening at 6.00 but I have a class. What should I do? (ask your cousin to pick him up). - You ought to ask your cousin to pick him up. 1. It’s raining heavily outside, and I know the traffic is bad. How will I get to work on time? (leave earlier) - You ……………………………………………. 2. Alex has problems with his car. How can he get to class? (take a bus) - He ………………………………………………… 3. Mr. Bright has a lot of papers to correct. What should he do? (work late) - He ………………………………………………….. 4. My sister’s birthday is tomorrow, and she doesn’t want any presents. What should I do for her? (take her to lunch) - You …………………………………………… 5. I was angry with Carla. Now I feel bad about it. What should I do? - You ……………………………………………..

5. A lot of charities (humanitarian organizations) provide help to the poor countries.What should they do? What should be done?eg. They should help developing countries. Developing countries should be helped. Remember : We form the passive with should be + past participle of the verb.

Rewrite these sentences into the passive. 1. Charities should provide food and shelter for the homeless. Food and shelter ………………………for the homeless.2. They should give medical help to the sick. Medical help……………………………. 3. They should develop local economies. Local economies……………………….. 4. They should protect the environment. The environment ………………………….

III. Writing Activities.1. Read about the history of this charity (OXFAM) and put the following facts back where they belong.a) at the end of the Korean Warb) a massive earthquake, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scalec) in Ethiopia and Sudand) the Nazi occupation of Greeced) the Bangladesh War of Independencef) the genocide of 800,000 people in Rwanda.1942 – OXFAM (the Oxford Committee for Famine 2 Relief) is set up to highlight the problems created by ..…1……1953 – the Committee raises funds to help those left homeless, hungry or orphaned….1960 – OXFAM organizes a campaign to combat food shortage by enabling

people to grow enough to feed themselves, rather than relying on food aid.1965 – Water and sanitation facilities become Oxfam’s great objectives.1971 - 3 drives millions of refugees into India. Oxfam responds by……..... employing local people and the refugees themselves.1990 – Oxfam raises £1m to send a shipment – The Grain of Hope- to feed 350.000 people 4 for a month.1994- 5 …. and the ensuing exodus of more than 1.7 million refugees lead to Oxfam’s largest humanitarian help.2004 - 6 …… has caused tsunamis and killed over 200.000 people. Oxfam aid flight leaves, carrying 27 tons of emergency water. Slightly abridged from Broad Ways Prog. 20052. Using the following elements, write an article about the Net Aid Concert.Date: October 9, 1999.Places: The Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, N.J. + Wembley Stadium, London + Geneva simultaneously.Artists: more than 20.

Cause: support Net AidNet Aid’s objectives: use the Internet to educate the global public to the problems faced by poor communities and reduce world poverty.Audience: more than 100.000 people at the concerts + hundreds of thousands (TV and radio) + 2.4 million people logged on the Net Aid website.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3. Charities offer job opportunities. Would you like to join one of them? Why or why not? Where would you like to go? What would you specialize in?……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

• Sequence 4:I. Reading Activities.Read this article then answer the questions about it. More than three hundred millions of the population in Africa do not have access to drinking water, and this is unacceptable as the right to water is an element of human dignity. The representative of the European Union announced yesterday that 230 million € had been allocated to the African countries in order to help co-finance ninety-seven projects, such as the building of dams.

The European countries are ready to support the efforts made by theAfrican continent to manage its water resources in the right way.Investments to meet the essential needs in water over a period of twentyyears are estimated to 12 billion dollars a year. Yet, the continent does not lack water: there are seventeen importantrivers, a hundred lakes and wide wet areas. However, the Africanpopulations consume only 4% of this quantity of water because theircountries have neither money nor the required infrastructures to clean andstore this water. In addition, water is very often a source of conflictsbetween neighbouring countries.Experts think that seventeen countries will run out of water by 2010. Translated from El Watan, Feb. 2006

1. How many paragraphs are there in this article? …………………………………………………….2. Choose the best title (a, b, or c). 1. The European help to Africa. 2. Water: a source of conflicts. 3. The Right to water.3. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? a) Very few people get water in Africa. ………. b) The European countries have refused to help the Africans. …….. c) Big sums of money are needed to meet the populations’ needs for water. ……… d) There is very little water in Africa. …………. e) Only a very little quantity of water is used in Africa. ………..4. Answer these questions. a) What will the money given by the European countries be used for? ………………………………………….. b) Why do the African populations suffer from a lack of clean water? …………………………………………..

5. a) Look at this page of dictionary. The word “access” is explained. It has various meanings:access ('æ k s e s) n. 1. admission to a place or person.2.freedom to obtain or use something. 3. approach.4. a means of approach or entry, a passage, channel.5.a sudden, usually, violent, attack of a disease or emotion.To which definition 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 does the word access in this sentence referto?“they do not have access to drinking water”.………………………………………….. b) Support (s e'p ɒ : t) v. t. 1. to bear the weight of, to hold up, to sustain. 2. to keep from giving way. 3. to give strength or endurance to. 4. to furnish with necessaries, to provide for. 5. to give assistance to. 6. to advocate, to defend, to second. 7.to promote, to encourage. 8. to take a keen interest in (a sports team etc.) 9. to bear, to endure. 10. to maintain. 11. to represent, to act as. 12. to play a secondary role to.

• What is the best definition that corresponds to the meaning of “support” in this sentence?“The European countries are ready to support the efforts made by the Africancontinent…”………………………………………………………….6. Pick up from the text the verbs that end in –ed- and classify them according to the pronunciation of the final –ed- /d/ /t/ /id/……………….. ……………….. ……………….. ………………..

II. Mastery of Language.Read this dialogue.Rania: I’m so excited! We have 3 weeks off! What are you going to do?Selma: I’m not sure. I think I’ll stay home. Maybe I’ll visit my uncle in Tiaret. What about you?Rania: Well, my parents have rented a house near Cherchel. They have invited my aunt with her husband and her children. I’m going to spend two weeks there. I’m going to lie on the beach, and swim for hours. I’m going to meet my cousins and have long parties of beach-volley.Selma: That sounds wonderful!

Remember : • We use be going to + verb to talk about plans, future intentions thought about before the moment of speaking. • We use will + verb to talk about possible plans, or future intentions, decisions made at the moment of speaking.

1. Use “will” or “be going to”. a) Look at the sky! It …………………… rain. b) They ……………… finish work next week.

c) Great! There is an electric chair. I …………….. use it to climb these stairs.d) We’ve just bought a new house. We …………….. move into it soon.

e) They………..……celebrate their wedding party in a restaurant. They booked last week.f) He …………………have an accident if he keeps on phoning while driving.

2. Alice and Brad are talking about their plans for next week. Complete their conversation with “be going to” or “will” into each gap.Brad: Would you like to play tennis next Saturday?Alice: I’m afraid, I can’t. I ……………. leave for Bristol.Brad: What for?Alice: I ......................have an interview for a job as sales manager of a record shop.Brad: I didn’t know you wanted to move.Alice: Well, my parents …………….retire to Bath next year, and I want to be near them.Brad: How are you getting to Bristol?Alice: I have a little problem, actually. My car isn’t working at the moment. I’m thinking of getting a taxi to the station, and then getting a trainBrad: I ...................... give you a lift to the station. Don’t worry about a taxi.Alice: Thank you, Brad. Then I ..................... get a taxi home.Brad: What time is your train back?Alice: It gets in a quarter past nine in the evening.Brad: It’s all right. I ……………… pick you up as well. It’s no trouble.Alice: That’s great! Thanks a lot, Brad.

III. Writing Activities.1. Fill in each gap with the appropriate word chosen from this box. play – energy – concentrated – found – needs – most – did. As demand for power and fuel grows steadily in the coming decades, we must consider every viable ……a)…..source at hand to meet the world’s ……b)………. . And because clean natural gas is ……c)………… in abundance there is little doubt that it will ……d)……… a major role on the world’s energy stage in this century, much like oil ……e)……….. in the last. But, like oil, gas reserves are ………f)……. in just a few places in the world, usually far from where they are needed ……g)…….. . So what needs to be done?

2. If you want to know what needs to be done, reorder the following sentences to get a coherent paragraph.a) On the other hand, the governments of consuming nations must enact long- term policies to encourage such development and to ensure they will have adequate supplies in the future.b) They must also continue to invest the billions of dollars needed to build the transport and storage infrastructure to bring more gas to market.c) On the supply side, producing nations need policies that allow for efficient development of their natural gas in an open business environment.d) That means building the related infrastructure, including LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) terminals.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Realization of the Project Make a survey on how natural resources (water, minerals, etc.) aredistributed in the world. - Which countries have more natural resources (which resources?) - Do these countries benefit from these resources? Justify giving examples. - Explain how these resources are often a source of conflicts.

KEY ANSWERS The plan of the seance• Key Answers for Project 4• Key Answers for Project 5• Key Answers for Project 6

• Key Answers for Project 4: Famous PeopleSequence 1.I. Reading Activity:1. a) F ( “She is the first African woman to get the Nobel Peace Prize”). b) T (…“teach at Nairobi University…”) c) T (…“whose objective is to reafforest Africa…”) d) F (“the protection of our environment and the promotion of peace are closely related) e) F (disafforestation is a source of drought and poverty”).2. It is in paragraph 6.3. 1. This award Nobel Peace Prize 2. Among them awards 3. she said Wangary Maathai 4. which is a source disafforestation

4. 5. h 1. c 6. d 2. f 7. g 3. e 8. b 4. a5. 4. b 1. c 5. f 2. a 6. e 3. d6. / id / /d/ /t/ crowded arrived searched shouted squeezed embarrassed decided robbed discovered apologized explained believed

II. Mastery of Language:1. There are 2 pieces of news.2. The verbs are in the past simple because they tell us about past events. These events happened last night and two days ago.3. a) The army didn’t come to kill the survivors. b) The International Red Cross didn’t send ships with arms. c) The climbers didn’t leave last week. d) The police didn’t spend the night in a hotel.4. In 2001 – on July 26 - from 7.30 pm till 11.15 pm. On August 3 rd – from July 26 till August 8- at 2.45 pm.5.a) Peter has been a senator for 6 years.b) He has had his house for five years.c) Bill has been in an island since 1998.d) He has had a yacht since 1999.6. e) since a) since f) for g) since b) since h) since c) for d) for

7.a) My brother has been studying physics at university since 2002.b) Paul has been smoking since he was 16.c) I have been collecting coins for 20 years.d) She has had that car since she passed her driving test.III. Writing Activities.1. The correct order is:d–b–a–f–e–c2. Personal production.

Sequence 2.I. Reading Activity:1. It is the biography of Gandhi (c).2.a) The Indians suffered from racial discrimination. They lived in bad conditions and Gandhi travelled to South Africa to fight for their rights.b) He used peaceful means: hunger strikes and boycotts.c) …because he opposed his programme of tolerance for all religions.3. 4. c 1.b 5. b 2. a 3. b4. combat = struggle finally = eventually was against = opposed

5. glorious fashionable excited (ing) a) frightened reproachful nervouseffective inviolable perishable scornful shaky involved repulsiverepressivedisappointed (ing)shadyb) 4. shady 1. involved 5. perishable 6. reproachful 2. effective 3. nervous6. referring planninga) omittinganswering prohibiting reportingtipping rotting deliveringenveloping chatting forgettingb) witty goldenboiling rottenhotter readingwaited fattestII. Mastery of language.1.a) He was going to the parking.b) He hit him on his head.c) No, he didn’t; the attacker was wearing a mask.d) He broke his leg as they were taking him to hospital.2. The verbs are in the past because they tell us about a past event that happened last night. The verbs are in the past simple and past continuous.3. 1. was talking / opened 2. was walking / fell

3. was listening / were playing 4. were playing / was dancing4. were going – was driving – was driving – was driving was not driving – was worrying – was not paying – was sitting – was sitting While the dog was thinking about a bone, it saw the cat. The dog ran across the road. When the woman saw the dog, she quickly put her foot on the brakes and the Ford crashed into the Chevrolet. A girl who saw the accident ran to a telephone booth. The police and an ambulance came immediately.

III. Writing Activities. e) humanitarian f) campaigner1. g) mourned a) marrying b) despite c) duties d) followed2. A. Sentence 2. B. 2 – 4 – 1 – 3 .3. Summary: Gandhi was born in India in 1869. When he was 19, he went to London to study law, then came back to India. A few years later, he travelled to South Africa where he fought for the Indians rights. In 1915, back to India, he organized non-violent campaigns to struggle for independence which the country got in 1947. Finally he was killed a year later.

Sequence 3.I. Reading Activity:1.a) Walt Disney is famous for his cartoons.b) Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Pluto are three cartoon characters.c) Disney’s company produced cartoons, books for children, documentaries and adventure films.d) Disneyland is located in Anaheim (California). There, people can see historical reconstructions, shows and parade.2. 1. b 2. c 3. a3. – in which he used the series.– the most important ones the production companies.– it published production company.4. a) 2. gambling 3. mourning 4. idol 5. tails1.whole b) 2. blue 3. meat 4. tale1. heel

II. Mastery of language.1. 2. a 3. c 1. b2. I had bought a house I went to see the bank After managerAs soon I had started backing into the before another car drove intoas space, it.When I had parked my car I rushed to the bank. I had knocked at the door of I saw him behind his the manager’s office, desk.3.1. When they had demolished all the houses in the area, they built a supermarket.2. The star had signed a lot of autographs before she got into her car.3. As soon as he had sent an application letter to the firm, he received a reply.4. After we had left the office, it started raining.

4. had fled – confided – had picked – replied – was driving - was speaking – dropped – phoned – had arrested – drove – has been.III. Writing Activities.1. The correct order is:c–d–f–a–e–g–bTime sequencers first, then, next, finally have helped me find the correct order. 2. d) own e) leading f) funnya) from b) as c) movies

Sequence 4.I. Reading Activity:1.a) F b) T c) T d) F e) T2.a) Rigoberta is Guatemalanb) The country has been torn by a civil war.c) Oscar Berger chose Rigoberta as a good-will ambassadress because she is Indian and got a Nobel Peace Prize.3. Year What happeneda) In 1992 Rigoberta Menchu got the Nobel Peace Prize.b) In 1996 the authorities and the guerrilla signed the peacec) In December 2003 treaties.d) In 2004 Oscar Berger became president of Guatemala. he appointed Rigoberta as a good-will ambassadress.4. b) genocide a) impunityII. Mastery of language.1. a) he went to the park to have a walk b) They express purpose.2. 2) c 3) a 4) b 1) b 4) b3. 2) d 3) a 1) c

4. Suggested sentences.a) I have worked hard so that I can pass my exam.b) He took his bag with him on the plane in order that the dolls for his daughter would not break.c) They left early in order that they could arrive home on time.d) My neighbour has put up an electric fence round his house so that burglars will not get into.

III. Writing Activities.1. Fatima Zohra Imalayen known as Assia Djebbar is a famous Algerian novelist. On June 16, 2005 she became the first North African woman to be admitted in the French Academy. In 1955, she studied at the Ecole Normale Supérieure where she was the first Algerian student but she left it a year later and returned to her native country. At the age of 20, she wrote her first novel, “La Soif” which was disapproved by her family and the society at that time because she treated of women’ conditions. In 2000, she was awarded the Peace Prize at Frankfurt. Assia Djebbar lived in France and in Morocco. Since 2001 she has been teaching literature at New York University.2. Personal production

• Key Answers for Project 5: Technology and Innovation Sequence 1. I. Reading Activities. 1. 1. There are eight paragraphs in the text. 2. Answer (a): The text is mainly about the uses of internet. Now, answer these questions: 1. The idea of the internet began in the USA in the late 1960’s. 2. According to the article, more than thirty million people use the internet 3. The internet can be divided into five broad areas.4. The electronic mail is fast, efficient, convenient and cheap. 5. You can find information on the Net by specifying a key word or phrase.

6. You can go on a tour of a museum, watch a video, buy books and CD’s from America, play chess with a partner in Moscow or just chat with people from all over the world.7. On the Usenet, you can participate in dialogues and conversations.8. If you have a lot of numbers to process, you can use the Telnet program.9. Some people can use the Net for unpleasant things such as forgery, encouragement to violence and other illegal actions.10. Governments control the internet crime through a surveillance operation.



Now, find the nouns corresponding to the verbs in the box, and write themin the appropriate column.a)-ment -(t)ion - ance -ydevelopment connection tolerance Discovery(improvement) (discussion) (inheritance) (forgery)(agreement) (invention) (allowance)(encouragement) (communication) (performance)(employment) (domination) (acceptance)(achievement) (interception) (resemblance)(investment) (information) (resistance)b)1. performance 8. resistance2. improvement 9. interception.3. domination 10. agreement4.invention 11. acceptance5. information. 12. employment6. achievement 13. encouragements7. a discussion. 14. investment.c) 6.disappearance 7.dishonesty1. dissimilarity. 8. disability2.disqualification 9. disorder3. disagreement 10. dissatisfaction.4. disapproval5. disconnection 6. Disagreement 7. Disconnectiond) 8. Disorder 9. Dissatisfaction1. Disqualification2. Dishonesty3. Disapproval4. Disability5. DisappearanceSequence 2 Word Power:1. Look at the picture below. Write the correct name of each item using thewords from the box below: a) central unit b) screen c) scanner d) printer e) keyboard

f) mouse g) mouse mat2. Complete the following sentences with the correct word. a) screen b) printer c) mouse - mouse mat d) keyboard3. what else can we use the computer for?1. d 2.e 3.f 4.b 5.a 6.cNow, write the full sentences: 1. We can use a modem to access the internet. 2. They can use the World Wide Web to find information on various subjects 3. She can use a CD-ROM to store information. 4. You can use a fax machine to make a photocopy. 5. I can use my cellular phone to take photos. 6. You can use the computer to write letters.

4.1-You can paste, copy, rename, attach, print, open and save a document.2-You can paste, copy, enter and print a text.3-You can paste, copy, enter, rename, attach and open a folder.5.Verbs: -to copy -to scan -to computerizeNouns: - a printer -an attachment -a connection6. 1. attach 2. scans 3. connect 4.print 5. copy

II. Mastery of language.1. Student’s personal answers.2. Student’s personal answers3. a) He is able to produce.... b) You are able to find... c) We are able to contact them... d) They are able to work...4. full expressions In my opinion Oh, I see. None of your business. Talk to you later. Be back soon. How should I know? out to lunch laugh out loud

5. 1. (d)... 2. (b)... 3. (a)... 4. (e)... 5. (c)..6. 1. Yes I do/ or: No, I don’t 2. once/twice a/ three times /four times etc a week /month. 3. 2; 3, 4; etc messages. 4. I use the internet for.......... 5. My favourite internet sites are.............................. .........................................................................................