Car - The Definitive Visual History of the Automobile

["GLOSSARY . 349 how aerodynamic a car is. \u201cDrag\u201d is the fairing gas turbine horizontally opposed layout resistance caused by air as an object passes Any cover or cowling designed to make A jet-type rotary engine that draws its The full technical term for an engine whose through it. components that stand protruding (from an energy from the continuous burning of a cylinders are mounted flat on either side of engine, for example) more aerodynamic. flow of fuel-air mixture, which drives a the crankshaft. drag-racing turbine. It has been used experimentally in A motor sport in which cars compete to see fastback cars, but is too slow-reacting to directly hot hatch which can cover a set distance fastest in a A rear roofline profile that tapers to the replace the reciprocating engine. The British nickname for a high- straight line from a standing start. end of the car\u2019s tail. performance version of a compact three- gate gearshift door (sometimes five-door) car, exemplified drivebelt flat-twin, flat-four, flat-six, An abbreviation of \u201copen-gate gearshift\u201d \u2013 by the Renault 5 Alpine and Volkswagen A belt that drives various devices in or flat-twelve a style of gearbox in which the slots into Golf GTi of 1976. attached to a car\u2019s engine, including the Any engine that has its cylinders and which the gear selector lever must be pushed alternator. pistons positioned horizontally in two are visible. It is usually found in sports or hot rod opposed banks. These are sometimes called racing cars; other types of car tend to cover Short for \u201chot roadster,\u201d a U.S. term that drive-by-wire throttle \u201cboxer\u201d engines because the pistons in it up with a rubber or stitched-leather gaiter. originated in the 1930s to describe any A new type of engine throttle that is opposing pairs of cylinders move toward standard car whose engine had been controlled electronically, rather than by and away from each other alternately, as if Gear modified for higher performance. After mechanical linkage to the accelerator pedal. trading punches. A toothed or cogged machine part that World War II hot rods were modified meshes and rotates with other such parts production cars used in straight-line driveshaft floorpan to transmit torque. speed trials. A revolving shaft that takes power from the A shallow, pressed-metal tray that forms engine to the wheels. the underside of the car and carries Giugiaro hp (horsepower) suspension and other drivetrain elements. This can refer to the Italian car stylist Giorgio See bhp (brake horsepower). drivetrain Clever design allows the same floorpan to Giugiaro, or to the design consultancy he The group of mechanical assemblies\u2014engine, be shared by several different models. started in 1968, which is more formally hybrid transmission, driveshafts, and differentials\u2014 called Italdesign-Giugiaro. The consultancy A propulsion technology that combines the that generate and harness power in a car. fluid flywheel was acquired by Volkswagen in 2010. Today these are collectively know as the A now-redundant transmission device that \u201cchassis,\u201d and can be transplanted into allowed the driver to change gear without grand routier several different models to save on the use of a clutch. An informal name, more common in development costs. Sometimes \u201cdrivetrain\u201d English than French, which translates as can mean just the engine and the flywheel \u201cgrand road traveler.\u201d It is often applied transmission. A heavy circular plate attached to the to elegant and fast European touring cars. crankshaft that stores the rotational drophead energy produced by the engine\u2019s torque GT A body style featuring a convertible top that impulses. By releasing this energy From the Italian gran turismo, meaning folds flat. between the impulses, it smoothes \u201cgrand touring,\u201d these initials refer to engine operation. high-performance closed cars. drum brake A braking system, largely supplanted by disc Formula 1 gull-wing doors brakes, in which braking shoes are pressed More formally known as the FIA Doors that open upward. They are a key against the inner surface of a drum that is (Federation Internationale de l\u2019Automobile) feature of the Mercedes-Benz 300SL and attached to the car\u2019s wheel. Formula One World Championship, this is the DeLorean DMC-12. the premier world series of single-seater dual-circuit brakes motor races. It was inaugurated in 1950. hardtop A braking system that has two independent A sports, or sporty, car with a rigid roof hydraulic circuits, to retain braking capability Formula Libre that is either fixed or removable. A car if one circuit fails. A form of automobile racing in which with a fabric roof is called a soft-top. different types of racing cars compete dynamo head-to-head. hatchback An engine-driven generator of electric The tailgate, sometimes called the third or power in early cars. It has largely been four-stroke engine fifth door, on any non\u2013station wagon car replaced by the alternator. This is the predominant type of car engine with a sloped, instead of vertical, tail. It is today. There are four stages in the power also a style of car exemplified in five-door entry-level cycle, which occupies two crankshaft form by the Renault 16 of 1965, and in A car model that is the lowest-priced or has rotations: intake, compression, combustion, three-door form by the Renault 5 of 1972. the lowest specifications in a range. and exhaust. Each of these is governed by the upward or downward movements, or head station wagon \u201cstrokes,\u201d of the piston. See cylinder head. A square-backed car adapted to carry cargo, with a load bay accessed by a fifth door or four-wheel drive (FWD) heat shield tailgate. The term was originally coined for See 4x4. Rigid or flexible layers of heat-resistant a utility vehicle used for running errands on material that protect a car\u2019s components or large country estates; in the UK it is called front-wheel drive bodywork from excessive engine- or an estate wagon. Power transmitted to the two front wheels of exhaust-generated heat. a vehicle only. This lightens the car, which exhaust manifold needs no transmission to its rear wheels. hood A piping system that carries waste exhaust A hinged covering for a car\u2019s engine. Also, gases from the cylinders to the exhaust pipe. fuel injection the folding, canvas-covered top of any A fuel supply system, universal to new cars, convertible car. exhaust port that dispenses with a carburetor. Fuel is A passageway in the cylinder head leading pumped from the gas tank and sprayed by homologation from the exhaust valve(s) to the exhaust injectors straight into the engine\u2019s inlet A rigorous testing program that new cars manifold. ports, where it mixes with air before being must undergo to ensure they meet burned in the cylinder. In diesel and direct- construction and usage rules in a territory; exhaust valve injection gas engines, fuel is injected only then can they be legally driven on A valve in the cylinder head that opens at straight into the cylinder, rather than the the road. The term is also applied to the the start of the exhaust stroke, allowing inlet port. rules governing individual motor sport the piston to push the exhaust gases out categories. An \u201chomologation special\u201d is, of the cylinder. Futuramic in general, a roadgoing version of a racing A term used by the Oldsmobile division of car; a minimum number of these must factory team General Motors to describe the styling of its be constructed for it to qualify as a A racing team funded by a car manufacturer. 1948\u201350 car range. production model.","350 . GLOSSARY induction system MacPherson, this is a suspension upright overrider radiator The apparatus through which air passes as it comprising a hydraulic damper with a A metal or rubber-faced metal upright A heat-exchanger used to cool liquids by enters the engine. coaxial coil spring. Most often used for fitted to a bumper to protect against the presenting a large surface area to a flow front suspensions, it has the advantage bumpers of other cars in a collision. of air. inlet plenum chamber of causing little intrusion into the An air chamber between an engine\u2019s throttle engine bay. oversquare engine razor-edge styling body and inlet manifold that beneficially An engine in which the cylinder bore A car styling trend toward sharp-edged affects the operation of the induction system. magneto measurement is greater than the stroke. lines that emerged in the UK coachbuilding An electro-magnetic generator used in industry in the late 1930s. It was a reaction inlet port early cars to produce high voltage for the Pinin Farina\/Pininfarina to the prevailing preference for rounded, The route within a cylinder head through spark plugs. An Italian coachbuilder and design streamlined forms. which the fuel-air mixture passes to the consultancy founded as Pinin Farina inlet valve. Mille Miglia in 1930 by Battista \u201cPinin\u201d Farina. The rear-wheel drive A 1,000-mile (1,609-km) road race around company adopted the Pininfarina title Power transmitted to the two rear wheels inlet trumpet Italy on public roads, held 24 times between in 1961. of a vehicle only. A trumpet-shaped engine air intake designed 1927 and 1957. In 1977 the name was to exploit the effects of wave motion to revived for an annual parade of historic cars. piston reciprocating engine force more air into the cylinders. The component that moves up and down Also known as a piston engine, which monobloc inside the engine cylinder and which, on converts the up and down (or inlet valve An engine design in which the cylinders the combustion stroke, transfers force from \u201creciprocating\u201d) motion of pistons to the The valve through which fuel is drawn into are cast together as a single unit. This the expanding gas to the crankshaft via a rotary motion needed by the wheels. the engine cylinder. improves the mechanical rigidity of the connecting rod. engine and the reliability of the sealing. redline in-line engine piston ring The maximum speed at which an engine An engine that has its cylinders arranged in monocoque An open-ended ring that fits into a groove is designed to operate without incurring a straight line. A car structure, now almost universal, in in the outer surface of an engine\u2019s piston, damage. It is usually indicated by a red which the car body bears all the structural sealing the combustion chamber. Piston line on the rev counter dial. intercooler loads. It is, effectively, the chassis and the rings also act to cool the piston by A radiator that cools the compressed air body combined in one strong unit. transferring heat to the cylinder wall, regenerative braking from a turbocharger or supercharger before and regulate oil consumption. A system found in electric and hybrid cars in it enters the engine. This increases power MPV which electric traction motors are operated and enhances reliability. Shorthand for Multi-Purpose Vehicle or planetary gearset as generators during braking, thereby Multi-Passenger Vehicle. The term applies to The term for an epicyclic gearbox, in providing braking force while generating IRS (Independent Rear Suspension) tall, spacious cars that can carry at least five which small pinions revolve around a current to recharge the battery pack. A suspension system in which the rear two passengers, and often as many as nine, or central \u201csun\u201d gear and mesh with an wheels are free to move up and down versatile combinations of people and cargo outer ring gear. rev independently of each other. as a van. Short for revolutions-per-minute, a platform measure of engine speed. kei car muscle car The concealed, but elemental and A Japanese taxation class for very small A US standard production car, usually with expensive, basic structure of a modern roadholding cars, which, currently, may be no longer two doors, featuring a large-capacity, high- car. It is the task of contemporary car Responsiveness. than 11.15 ft (3.4 m) and have an engine of performance engine. The first muscle car designers to achieve maximum aesthetic no more than 660cc to qualify. was the Pontiac GTO in 1964. diversity from a single platform. roadster A term that originally described an open Le Mans 24-Hours NACA duct pony car car with a single seat to accommodate A 24-hour endurance motor race, staged America\u2019s National Advisory Committee A genre of car informally named after two or three abreast, but which now annually at Le Mans, France, since 1923. for Aeronautics created this distinctively the Ford Mustang, which was one of the applies to any kind of two-seater open It uses a circuit consisting of public roads shaped air intake, which can be used to first compact sporty coup\u00e9s, aimed at baby sports car. cordoned off for the event. ventilate internal components such as boomers of the 1960s. It could be ordered brakes while causing minimal disturbance with several high-performance engine rocker arm leaf spring to external aerodynamics. options. A pivoted lever, one end of which is raised Also known as a \u201ccart spring,\u201d this is a basic and lowered by the camshaft, either directly means of suspension noted for its toughness, NASCAR powertrain or via a pushrod, while the other end acts though not for its supple ride quality. The The National Association for Stock Car See drivetrain. on the stem of the engine valve. spring comprises overlaid arcs (or leaves) of Auto Racing\u2014a U.S. organization that steel that are fixed to the underside of the car, oversees motor racing series and events. propshaft rolling chassis forming a shock-absorbing cushion on which A contraction of \u201cpropeller-shaft\u201d; a long The frame of an older, separate-chassis car, the car\u2019s axle presses. The heavier the car, the ohc (overhead-camshaft) shaft that conveys engine torque to the with all drivetrain components fitted. more leaves must be added to the spring. See camshaft. rear axle of a rear-wheel-drive or four- wheel-drive car. rollover bar limited-slip differential ohv (overhead valve) A strong metal hoop incorporated into the A differential that counteracts the tendency See overhead-valve engine. pushrod engine structure of a car with a folding roof. It is of wheelspin if one driven wheel hits ice or An engine in which the valves are not designed to protect the heads and upper another slippery surface. overdrive operated directly via the camshaft but via torsos of driver and passengers should the A gear ratio for fast cruising that causes the intermediate rods. This allows the valves vehicle overturn. limousine transmission output shaft to turn faster and camshaft to be widely separated. A luxury sedan car, usually with a long than the input shaft. This lowers the engine rotary engine wheelbase, with an emphasis on rear-seat revs for a given vehicle speed, which cuts Q-car Any type of power unit that dispenses with comfort. Limousines are sometimes fitted fuel consumption, but also torque, which A UK term for a car with a performance the reciprocal motion of pistons, producing with a division between driver and restricts acceleration. that belies its mundane appearance. rotary motion directly. The only type ever rear passengers. The name derives from the heavily fitted to production cars was one designed overhead-camshaft armored but innocuous-looking Q-ships by Dr. Felix Wankel, and the last car to live axle See camshaft. in Britain\u2019s Royal Navy in World War I. feature one was the Mazda RX-8, which A beam-type axle that contains the shafts A Q-car is often called a \u201cwolf in a sheep\u2019s appeared in 2001. that drive the wheels. overhead-valve engine clothing.\u201d An engine in which the inlet and exhaust rumble seat LPG valves are contained within the cylinder rack-and-pinion steering A passenger seat that hinges up from the Liquified-petroleum gas, a fuel that can be head, and not beside the cylinder, as they A rack and pinion consists of two gears that rear deck of a pre-World War II car. In used in largely unmodified gas engines, and are in a side-valve engine. together convert rotational motion into the UK it is called a \u201cdickey seat.\u201d gives reduced noxious emissions. linear motion. It is the preferred system overlapping four-door for car steering because it provides good running gear MacPherson strut A style of body in which the front set of feedback to the driver about the behavior The wheels, suspension, steering, and Named after its inventor, Ford engineer Earl doors overlap the rear set when closed. of the wheels. drivetrain of a car.","GLOSSARY . 351 saloon The clutch is then released and the engine supercar turbocharger See sedan. power transmitted to the driven wheels. A very expensive, high-performance sports A device fitted between an engine\u2019s inlet This system has been superseded by car. The first supercar is widely recognized and exhaust systems that uses the exhaust scavenge oil pump constant-mesh, or \u201csynchromesh,\u201d gears. to have been the Mercedes-Benz 300SL gases to drive a turbine. This in turn drives In a dry sump engine this additional pump of 1954, but the term quickly came to a compressor that forces air into the evacuates oil that collects at the bottom of small-block describe a mid-engined two-seater as inlet system. the engine, sending it to a separate oil tank. The smallest V8 engines from Chevrolet exemplified by the Lamborghini Miura. and Ford, first produced in the 1950s. turning radius scuttle supercharger The diameter of the circle described by a The bodywork sections that form a barrier soft-roader An engine-driven compressor that forces car\u2019s outer front wheel when turning with between the engine and the passenger A four-wheel-drive car designed for air into the inlet system, thereby increasing its steering fully turned. compartments and that support the occasional off-road leisure use, rather than the amount of fuel-air mixture entering the windshield. for heavy-duty activities on farms or cylinders, and hence the torque and power. twin-cam construction sites. See camshaft. sedan supermini Any type of car with a fixed metal roof. The sohc (single overhead-camshaft) A market term for a small hatchback car two-stroke engine equivalent UK term is \u201csaloon.\u201d See camshaft. with a four-cylinder engine, as exemplified An engine with pistons that move up once by the Renault 5 of 1972. and down once (performing two \u201cstrokes\u201d) semi-automatic paddle gearshift solenoid switch in the combustion cycle. A clutchless gearshift mechanism that An electronically controlled switch, more suspension enables the driver to change gear using levers properly known as a relay, which allows A system that cushions the car\u2019s structure two-wheel drive (or \u201cpaddles\u201d) attached to the steering wheel. a low-current electric circuit to control a (and occupants) from motion of the wheels Transmission to the front two or high-current one. A car\u2019s starter motor, for as they traverse uneven road surfaces. rear two wheels only, in contrast to semi-elliptic springs example, requires a high-current circuit. four-wheel drive. Another term for leaf springs. SUV Spa 24 Hours Sport-Utility Vehicle. unitary construction semi-trailing suspension An annual endurance motor race held in See monocoque. An independent suspension assembly for Spa, Belgium, since 1924. swash plate the rear wheels of a car in which each A plate attached at an angle to a rotating unblown wheel hub is linked to the chassis by a spark plug shaft that is used to convert the shaft\u2019s An engine without a supercharger or lower triangular arm that pivots at an An electrical device, screwed into the rotational motion into reciprocal motion at turbocharger, properly termed \u201cnormally acute angle to the vehicle centerline. engine cylinder head of a gas engine, that push rods lying parallel to the shaft axis. aspirated.\u201d ignites the fuel in the cylinder. servo-assisted braking synchromesh transmission\/ gearbox V4, V6, V8, V10, V12, V16 A braking system that uses a stored vacuum sports car A transmission in which gear wheels are in The designations for engines designed with (or \u201cvacuum servo\u201d) to magnify the force A two-seater with a convertible top, low or constant mesh. All-synchromesh gearboxes their cylinders arranged in a V-formation the driver applies to the brake pedal. rakish lines, good responsiveness, and are universal in modern road cars. for compactness. The numbers relate to the above-average speed and acceleration. number of cylinders in each engine. shaft drive tappet Power delivered from the engine to the spider A valvetrain component that makes sliding vacuum advance wheels by means of rotating shafts. A \u201cspider-phaeton\u201d was originally a light, contact with the camshaft lobe, converting A mechanism that enables the distributor to horsedrawn cart with two seats and large the cam\u2019s profile into the reciprocating adjust spark timing according to engine load. side-valve engine wheels. Alfa Romeo adopted the name for motion of the valve. A form of engine design in which the valves its two-seater sports cars in 1954, and it is valvetrain are placed at the side of the cylinder, rather now the standard name for cars of that type, Targa Florio The parts of the engine that control the than within the cylinder head. In an L-head particularly ones that are compact and low. An open-road race through the mountains operation of the valves. engine the inlet and exhaust valves are of Sicily, staged between 1906 and 1973, placed together on one side of the cylinder; spyder and since revived as a classic car event. van on a T-head engine they are located on The German equivalent of a \u201cspider,\u201d and A popular term to describe an MPV, opposite sides. most commonly associated with Porsche. throttle particularly one that has at least seven A device that controls the amount of air seats. silencer stovebolt flowing into the engine. A chamber placed along the route of the A nickname for a Chevrolet straight-six- water-cooling exhaust pipe and designed to reduce cylinder engine, coined because the torque A system that uses circulating water exhaust noise. fastener securing the valve cover, lifter The twisting force produced by the engine. to cool engine components. It is cover, and timing cover resembles the bolt the predominant cooling system in six-pot found on wood-burning stoves. torsion-bar modern engines, though some use \u201cPot\u201d is slang for \u201ccylinder\u201d; a \u201csix-pot\u201d A suspension part that acts as a spring when an air-cooling system. engine is a six-cylinder unit. straight engine twisted by the wheel\u2019s movements. See in-line engine. wet-liner sleeve-valve engine transaxle A cylinder liner that is in direct contact An engine that has a metal sleeve placed sub-compact The term for an assembly that combines with the engine\u2019s liquid coolant. between the piston and cylinder wall. The A North American term that originated the transmission and differential sleeve oscillates with the motion of the in the 1970s to describe domestically components in a single casing. wheelbase piston and has holes that align with the produced rivals to the Volkswagen Beetle, The exact distance between the axes of cylinder\u2019s inlet and exhaust ports, facilitating such as the Ford Pinto and the Chevrolet transmission the front and rear wheels. the entry and exit of gases. Vega. The latter were smaller than the Ford All the components of a car\u2019s drivetrain, Falcon and the Chevrolet Corvair, which sometimes called a gearbox. whitewall tires slide throttle at the time were \u201ccompact\u201d by Detroit Tires featuring a decorative ring of A type of throttle featuring a perforated manufacturing standards. transmission tunnel white rubber on their sidewalls. It was plate that slides across the air inlet to allow The raised section running lengthwise along a popular styling, particularly in the more or less air to enter the engine. sump the centerline of the cabin of a car with a United States, from the late 1930s to An oil reservoir at the bottom of an engine. front engine and rear- or four-wheel drive. the early 1960s. sliding-gear transmission A \u201cdry sump\u201d is usually fitted to a racing- It houses the propshaft. An old-fashioned manual transmission. car or sports-car engine that is likely to be wishbone suspension When in neutral, nothing inside the subjected to high cornering, braking, and transverse engine An independent suspension system that transmission revolves apart from the main acceleration forces. In a conventional \u201cwet An engine that is mounted with its uses two wishbone-shaped arms to link drive gear (attached to the crankshaft) and sump\u201d these forces can cause oil to surge, crankshaft axis across the car, rather than each wheel hub to the chassis. cluster gear (attached to the wheels). To uncovering the oil pick-up pipe, which can parallel to its centerline. mesh the gears and apply engine power for result in engine damage. In a dry sump works driver motion, the driver presses the clutch and system a scavenge pump removes oil as tuned A racing driver employed by a car moves the shift handle to slide a gear along it falls into the sump, pumping it to a A term to describe an engine that has been manufacturer to drive for its team, as the mainshaft mounted above the cluster. separate oil tank. modified for extra performance. opposed to an independent \u201cprivateer.\u201d","352 . INDEX Rambler Ambassador 164 Typ P 251 Motorwagen 11, 14 see also Hudson; Jeep; Nash V8 251 Velo 14, 15 Index American Bantam 60 75 V8 DTM 252\u20133 Viktoria 14, 15 American Grand Prix 27 Audi NSU Auto Union AG 251 Benz, Karl 11, 14, 15, 346 Page numbers in bold indicate American Motors Corporation see AMC Austin 194\u20135 Berkeley SE492 156 main entries. Amilcar C GS 64 10\/4 86 Bertelli, Alberto and Enrico 184 amphibious vehicles 112 12 57, 195 Bertone 148, 196, 198, 211, 225, 254, A Amphicar 179 A30 195 262 Andersson, Jonas 315 A40 137, 195 Bertoni, Flaminio 130 Abarth Andersson, Per-Gunnar 315 A40 Devon 125 Bertram, Oliver 39 205 146 Andreau, Jean 274 A40 Somerset 167 Besse, Georges 63 see also Simca Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili A50\/A55 Cambridge 167 Bianchi, Tino 147 (ALFA) 66, 220 A90 Atlantic 118\u201319, 195 Biela, Frank 251, 300 Abarth, Carlo 146 Argyll 15\/30 31 A99 Westminster 164 Bikkers Steam Car 11 Abecassis, George 184 Ariel Atom 338 A125 Sheerline 106\u20137 Biondetti, Clemente 92 AC Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire 165 A135 Princess 107 Birkigt, Marc 46 Arnold Benz 11 Allegro 195 Bizzarrini, Giotto 199, 265 2-litre 132 Arnold, William 11 Maestro 195 Black, Sir John 113 16\/80 85 Arnolt Bristol 148 Maxi 195 Blomqvist, Stig 251 Ace 149 Arrol-Johnston 10hp Dogcart 12 Maxi 1750 238 BMC (British Motor Corporation) 122, Cobra 203 Artega GT 331 Mini 192\u20133, 248 123, 178, 194 Racing Special 38 Ascari, Alberto 39, 326 Mini-Metro 195, 248 see also Austin; Morris Adams, Dennis 196 Aston Martin 184\u20135 Mini Seven 156, 158\u201361 BMH (British Motor Holdings) 122, 123 Adler 1.5-litre 64, 184, 185 Montego 195 BMW 100\u20131, 194 3.5hp Voiturette 12 Bulldog 266 Seven Ruby 74 1-Series 328 Trumpf Junior 74 Cygnet city car 185 Seven Ulster 84, 195 3.0 CSL 210\u201311 aerodynamic styling DB2 184 Sevens 60\u20131, 122, 194, 195 3-Series 101 1930s 92\u20137 DB2\/4 143 see also MG; Nash; Rover 3-Series Convertible 276 1940s 108\u20139 DB4 143, 184, 185 Austin, Herbert 16, 57, 60, 194, 195 3.0CSL 100, 101 Alfa Romeo 220\u20131, 326 DB5 184, 198 Austin Rover 195 5-Series 100\u20131, 300 6C 1750 66\u20139, 221 DB6 184, 196 Austin-Healey 7-Series 101 6C 1750 Gran Sport 65 DB7 184, 185 100\/4 149, 195 319 100 6C 2300 Aerodinamica 92 DB7 Volante 302 3000 MkI 170 328 85 8C 84 DB9 184, 330 3000 MkIII 202 501 101 8C 2300 76, 84, 221 DBR1 147, 184 Sprite 149 502 165 8C 2300 Monza 77 DBR2 147 Austin\/Morris 507 101, 148 8C 2600 84 DBR9 324 1100 195 520 223 8C 2900B Coup\u00e9 99 DBS 185 Mini 192\u20133, 194, 195 600 157 8C 2900B Le Mans Coup\u00e9 92 Lagonda 252 Mini Cooper 182 2002TII Alpina A4S 223 8C Competizione 331 Le Mans 84 Austro-Daimler 298 Alpine B5 BI-Turbo 310 12C-37 77 MkII 84 Prince Henry 27 Isetta 100, 101, 157 20\/30hp ES Sport 221 One-77 185 Auto Avio Costruzione 326, 327 M1 211 147 221 Rapide 185, 311 Auto Union 233, 251, 298 M3 101, 252 155 DTM 303 V8 185, 211 Type A 76 M3 GT2 325 156 221 V8 Vantage 276 Type D 76 Mini 101 156 TS 2.0 295 V8 Vantage convertible 330 see also Audi; DKW; Horch; Wanderer Mini Clubman 329 158 Alfetta 118 V8 Vantage Zagato 255 Autobianchi Y10 249 Neue Klasse Series 100 1300 Duetto Spider 221 V12 Vantage 185, 322 New Six Series 100 1750 GTV 197 Vanquish 330 B V12 LMR 288 1900 166 see also Lagonda; Lola Aston Martin X-Series 101 1900SSZ 147, 221 Attwood, Richard 299 Baily, Claude 120 X6 341 2000 Spider 148 Auburn 52 Ballanger 274 Z-Series 101 Alfasud 220, 221 Model 30L Roadster 26 Bambino 200 157 Z3 280 Brera 221 Speedster 98\u20139 Bamford, Robert 184 ZI 267 Duetto Spider 203 Audi 250\u20131 Bangle, Chris 101 see also Dixi; Glas; Rolls-Royce; Rover Giulia 221 60 251 BAR Honda 324 Group Giulietta 221 80 251 Barreiros 169 Boddy, William 122 Giulietta Spider 148 100 Avant 251 Bartholomew, Robert 150 body styles Giulietta Sprint 221 A2 295 Bathurst Great Race 300 1930s magnificent and exotic 98\u20139 GT 221 A3 251 Bayerische Motoren Werke see BMW 1950s fins and chrome 140\u20131 GTV 221 A4 251 Belgian Grand Prix 327 Bohmann & Schwartz 92 Junior Zagato 228\u20139 A4 Quattro 300 Belgrove, Walter 103 Bond MiTo 329 A5 Coup\u00e9 311 Bell, Derek 242 Bug 219 Montreal 221 A6 251 Benetton-Ford Minicar 124\u20135 Navajo 211 A8 251, 300 Bonnet, Ren\u00e9 196 P2 39, 220\u20131 e-tron 344 B188 243 Borgward, Carl 74, 75 P3 220, 221 Front 251 B193 288 Borgward Isabella TS 166 Spider 266, 280\u20131, 339 Q5 251 Bentley 40, 42, 58, 233, 304 Boutsen, Thierry 243 Spider roadster 221 Q7 251, 340 3-litre 65 Brabham 101 Tipo 33 237 Quattro 242, 250, 251 4-litre 102 Brabham-Cosworth, BT44 236 Tipo 33.2 180 Quattro coup\u00e9 251 4\u00bd-litre 39, 65 Brackenbury, Charles 184 Tipo B 76 R8 251, 324, 330 Arnage 59, 301 Bracq, Paul 204 Alfa Romeo\/Bertone Pandion 345 R10 TDI 251, 324\u20135 Continental R 302, 304\u20137 Brawn, Ross 289, 327 Allard P1 119 R15 TDI 325 Continental Supersport 322 Briggs & Stratton Flyer 64 Allard, Sydney 119 R87 289 Continental T 304, 306, 307 Briggs Manufacturing Company 95 Alpine Rally 148 Sport Quattro 243 Mark VI 58, 106 Briscoe, Benjamin 13 Alpine Trial 250 Sport Quattro S1 E2 243, 251 Mulsanne 59, 304, 305 Bristol Alvis TT 339 R-type Continental 143 400 118 FWD 64 TT Roadster 251, 281 S2 143 402 118 Speed 20 103 Typ A 10\/22PS 250 S3 Continental 191 403 142 Speed 25 103 Typ C (Alpensieger) 250 Speed 8 324 407 198 TA14 132 Typ E Phaeton 250 Speed Six 50\u20131 Beaufighter 276 TC21\/100 164 Turbo R 252 Fighter 323 AMC 63, 169 Bentley, Walter Owen 65, 304 British Grand Prix 327 Eagle 245 Benz 204 British Leyland 122, 123, 195 Gremlin 238 Blitzen-Benz racer 14 British Motor Corporation see BMC Pacer 238 Ideal 4.5hp 13 British Motor Holdings see BMH","INDEX . 353 British Rally Championship 63 Cattaneo, Giustino 46 Cl\u00e9ment 7hp 12 D6-75 103 British Touring Car Championship 251, Chapman, Colin 188, 224, 236 Cl\u00e9ment, Adolphe 11, 12 V12 39 300 Checker Marathon Limousine 191 Cl\u00e9ment-Gladiator Voiturette 11 Delahaye Broad, Ralph 196 Cherry, Wayne 211 Cobb, John 39 135M Figoni et Falaschi 99 Broadspeed GT 196 Chevrolet 78\u20139 Cobb, Price 123 235 107 Brooke 25\/30hp Swan 30 Coker, Gerry 149 T135 102 Brookes, Russell 242 Bel Air 79, 140, 170 Colli 147 DeLorean DMC-12 254, 256\u20139 Brown, David 184 Bel Air Convertible 170 Columbia Electric 11 DeLorean, John Zachary 256 Bruce-Brown, David 27 Bel Air Nomad 165 competition cars Detroit 28, 140\u20131 Brundle, Martin 123 Blazer K5 218 Detroit Automobile Company 144 BSA Scout 85 Camaro 79, 187, 235, 292\u20133 1920s 38\u20139 Detroit Edison Company 144 bubble cars 100, 156\u20137, 162\u20133, 294, 317 Camaro 2SS 311 pre 1920s 26\u20137 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft Buckley, Bill 156 Camaro SS 396 235 see also racing cars; rallying (DTM) 303 Bugatti 233 Cornelian 78 convertibles, 1950s 170\u20131 Dino 246GT 198 Corvair 79 Cooper, John 182 Dixi 100, 101 EB110 303 Corvair Monza 187 Coppa Florio 27 3\/15PS 61 Type 15 27 Corvette 78\u20139, 148, 150\u20133, 234\u20135 Cord DKW 251 Type 18 \u201cGarros\u201d 27 Corvette C6 331 810 92 F102 251 Type 35B 39, 40\u20133 Corvette Convertible 266 L-29 50 FA 74 Type 35C 39 Corvette Sting Ray 198, 203 Phantom Corsair 92 motorcycles 251 Type 39 39 EA Master 86 Cord, Errett Lobban 52 Sonderklasse 136 Type 43 64 Fleetline Deluxe 108\u20139 Cosworth 188 Dodge Type 50 92 HHR 312 Cottereau see CID 4 56, 168 Type 51 76 Monte Carlo 228, 289, 324 coup\u00e9s Aries 244 Type 57SC Atalante 98 Monte Carlo \u201cT-Rex\u201d 289 1920s Hollywood 50\u20131 Caravan 169 Veyron 322, 323 Nova NASCAR 237 1960s compact 196\u20137 Challenger 310 Bugatti, Ettore 17, 27, 40, 42, 274 Nova SS 235 1960s sporty 186\u20137 Challenger R\/T 440 234 Bugatti, Jean 76, 92, 98 Series C Classic Six 78, 79 1970s stylish 228\u20139 Charger 169, 324 Buick 78, 168 small-block V8 engine 154\u20135 1980s two-seater excitement 266\u20137 Charger R\/T 187 Century Series 60 81 Spectrum 245 Coventry Climax 123 Coronet 109 Limited Riviera 140\u20131 Stylemaster 108 Crosley 125 D5 87 Master Series 60 81 Stylemaster Van 112\u201313 crossover vehicles 312\u201313, 340\u20131 D11 87 Model 24 57 Superior Coup\u00e9 51 Cunningham, Briggs 29 Demon 345 NA 8\/90 81 Tahoe 312 Cunningham touring car 50 Intrepid 292 Park Avenue 292 Vega 238 customers, first cars for 12\u201313 Lancer 244 Reatta 244 Chevrolet, Louis 27, 78, 79 Model 30 Touring Car 17 Riviera 186\u20137, 228 Chinese Grand Prix 326 D Neon 292 Roadmaster 170 chrome 140\u20131 Ram 1500 292 Roadmaster Riviera 141 Chrysler 63, 70\u20131, 168\u20139, 275 Dacia 63 Viper 169, 296\u20137 Roadmaster Sedanette 108 300 169 Daewoo 79 Dodge brothers 17 Skylark 186 399F 186 Daihatsu 287 Donohue, Mark 299 Super 108 CU Airflow Eight 93 Doyle Dane Bernbach 232 Burns, Richard 288, 289 G70 56 Sportrak 273 Duckworth, Keith 188 Busso, Giuseppe 221 Horizon 239 Daimler 204, 274 Duesenberg Byrne, Rory 289 LeBaron Coup\u00e9 244 183 38 LHS 301 2.5-litre V8-250 183 Model J 51, 52\u20135 C Neon 169 28\/36 31 Duesenberg, Fred and August 52 New Yorker 140, 169, 191, 293 Cannstatt 4hp 10 Dumfries, Johnny 123 Cadillac 28\u20139, 144 Pacifica 340 Conquest Century 164 Durant, William C. 28, 51, 78 60 Special 29, 80 PT Cruiser 293 DB18 132 Duryea, Frank and Charles 11 Allant\u00e9 255 Saratoga 168 DE36 106 Duryea Motor Wagon 11 Calais 190 Six 168, 169 DS420 191 Cimarron 245 TC 254 LQ20 Special 102 E CTS-V Coup\u00e9 29, 329 Viper V10 engine 296\u20137 motorcycle 14 Eldorado 29, 170\u20131, 292 Windsor Club Coup\u00e9 108 motorized stagecoach 10 Eagle Premier 245 Escalade EXT 341 see also AMC; DeSoto; Dodge; Plymouth SP250 149 Earl, Harley 28, 29, 150, 151 Escalade SUV 29 Chrysler, Walter P. 56, 168, 169 Daimler, Gottlieb 10, 14, 274 East African Safari Rally 275 Fleetwood 29 CID Baby 1910 Daimler, Paul 14, 47 Eberhorst, Eberan von 76 Fleetwood 60 Special 109 Citro\u00ebn 130\u20131, 275 Daimler-Benz 14\u201315, 169, 251, 298 economy cars Fleetwood Brougham 277 2CV 125, 130\u20131 Maybach 310 Model 51 30 2CV6 216\u201317 Daimler-Mercedes 14 1930s 74\u20135 Model A 16\u201317, 28, 29 5CV 130 DaimlerChrysler Corporation 169 1950s 136\u20137 Model D 28 7CV 130 Dakar Rally 275 Edge, Cecil 26 Model H 28 11 Large 86, 112 Dallara, Gian Paolo 327 Edge, S.F. 26, 60 Sedan De Ville 277 11 Normale Roadster 98\u20139 Darracq Edmunds, Henry 58 Series 62 28 Ami 179 12hp \u201cGenevieve\u201d 26 Edsel Corsair 140 Series 62 Club Coup\u00e9 109, 141 AX 131, 249 200hp 26 Egan, Sir John 123 Series 62 Convertible Coup\u00e9 141 Berlingo 294 Darracq, Alexandre 220 Eldridge, Ernest 39 Series 6200 Sedan 141 BX 254 Darrin, Howard \u201cDutch\u201d 108 electric cars 230\u20131, 290\u20131, 316, 327, 328, Seville 223 CX 123 Datsun 342\u20133, 344\u20135 Seville STS 301 CX2400 222 260Z 228 L\u2019Elegante 6hp 16 STS-V 310 DS 171, 172\u20135 Cherry 100A 216 Elford, Vic 299 V16 engine 44\u20135 DS D\u00e9capotable 131 DB 125 Elsert Indy racer 180 V16 two-seater roadster 98 DS3 131, 329 Fairlady 203 engines see also La Salle DS19 130 de Dion, Count Albert 12 Alfa Romeo 221 Saxo 131 De Dion-Bouton 16, 78, 274 Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 66, 69 Campari, Giuseppe 39, 220 SM 210 3.5hp Voiturette 12 Austin Seven Mini 161 CanAm Challenge 237 SM supercar 131 8hp Type O 12 Bentley Continental R 307 Caparo TI 322 Type A 56 10hp Type W 16 BMW 100, 101 Caracciola, Rudolf 76 Type A 10CV 130 de Knyff, Chevalier Ren\u00e9 27 Bugatti Type 35B 40, 43 Carrera Panamerica 146 Type C 5CV 60 De Soto 138\u20139 Cadillac 28\u20139 Carrozzeria Marazzi 199 Visa 217 Firedome 164 Cadillac V16 44\u20135 Carrozzeria Touring 184 XM 254 De Tomaso Chevrolet 78, 79 Castagnero, Pietro 197 Xsara 131, 294 Deauville 222 Chevrolet Corvette 150, 153 Castriota, Jason 345 Xsara Picasso 131 Guar\u00e0 Spider 281 Chevrolet small-block V 8 154\u20135 Caterham see also Maserati; Panhard Pantera 210 Chrysler\/Dodge Viper V10 296\u20137 Citro\u00ebn, Andr\u00e9 56, 86, 130, 131, 172 de Tomaso, Alejandro 229, 252, 281 Citro\u00ebn DS 175 Seven 266 city cars 316\u201317, 328 Dean, James 146 Superlight 300 339 Delage","354 . INDEX cylinders (cross-section) 347 Enzo 322, 327 Model T Tourer 17 Gran Premio di Milano 39 DeLorean DMC-12 256, 259 F40 267, 268\u201371, 322, 327 Model Y 74 Grand Prix World Championship 39, 63, Duesenberg Model J 52, 55 F50 302, 327 Mustang 145, 187 Ferrari 327 F300 289 Mustang Boss 187 66, 220 Ferrari F40 268, 271 F2008 325 Mustang Cobra Jet 428 144 Greenley, Ken 302, 306 flat four 347 GT40 327 Mustang Fastback 187 Gr\u00e9goire, Jean Albert 125 Ford F-Series 117, 145 Mondial Cabriolet 255 Mustang GT 293 Gregorie, Eugene \u201cBob\u201d 95, 112 Ford Model T straight-four 21, 22\u20133 Testarossa 267, 327 Mustang GT convertible 310 Grenville, Robert Neville 10 four-stroke cycle 347 Ferrari, Alfredo (Dino) 327 Mustang GT500 199 Grenville Steam Carriage 10 how engines work 346\u20137 Ferrari, Enzo 198, 220, 221, 268, 326, Mustang hardtop 186\u20137 GT cars, 1960s 196\u20139 Jaguar 122 327 Mustang III 228 Gurney, Dan 299 Jaguar E-type 212, 215 Fiat 169 Mustang Mach 1 235 Guy Motors 123 Jaguar XK straight-six 120\u20131 16\/24hp 13 Pinto 145, 238 Lamborghini Countach 265 24\/40hp 31 Popular 103E 136 H Lincoln-Zephyr 97 124 179 Prefect E493A 136 Lotus\/Ford Cosworth DFV V8 188\u20139 127 216 Probe 245 Hailwood, Mike 237 Mazda MX-5 282, 285 500 294, 317 Sierra 145 H\u00e4kkinen, Mika 15 Mercedes-Benz 280 SL 204, 207 500C 125 Sierra Cosworth RS500 145, 253 Hamilton, Duncan 123 Morgan Aero 8 335 509A 57 Sierra XR41 253 Hamilton, Lewis 15, 324 NSU Wankel rotary 226\u20137 600 137 Start 344 Hanomag 2\/10PS 1925 60 Porsche 298, 299 600 Multipla 137 Streetka 329 Hanomag, Garant 87 Porsche 911 flat-six 260\u20131 1200 Granluce 166 Taunus 145 Hansa Rolls-Royce 58, 59 1500 133 Taunus G93A 124 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost 32, 35 Balilla 85 Taurus 293 500 75 rotary (cutaway) 347 Barchetta 281 Taurus SHO 253 1500 133 straight-four 347 Cinquecento 294 Thunderbird 170 Harryman, Terry 275 Tata Nano 318, 321 Croma 255 Thunderbird Landau 145, 186\u20137 Hassan, Walter 120 Toyota 287 Dino Spider 202\u20133 V8 Pilot 107 hatchbacks, 1970s 238\u20139 V6 347 Mephistopheles 39 V8-81 86 Hayek, Nicolas 316 Volkswagen Beetle 129 Multipla 294 Windstar 293 Head, Patrick 243, 289 Volkswagen flat-four 88\u20139 Nuova 500 156, 162\u20133 Zephyr MkII 166 Healey Essex A 1919 56 Panda 255, 316 Zephyr MkIII 182 G-type 170 European Touring Car Championship 100 S61 Corsa 27 see also Aston Martin; Benetton-Ford; Silverstone 119 Exner, Virgil 140, 168, 169 S74 27 Jaguar; Land Rover; Lincoln; Premier Healey, Donald 119, 149, 194, 224 Strada\/Ritmo 238\u20139 Automotive Group; Volvo HEDAG Electric Brougham 30 F Strada\/Ritmo Cabriolet 255 Ford, Edsel 95, 99, 145 Heffernan, John 302, 306 Topolino 75 Ford, Henry 13, 16, 18, 22, 51, 144, 145 Heinkel Cabin Cruiser 156 Facel 137 Uno 249 Ford, Henry II 145 Heinz, Rust 92 Vega Facel II 198 XI\/9 225 Formula 1 Constructors\u2019 Championship Henry Ford Motor Company 144 Vega FVS 143 see also Alfa Romeo; Chrysler; Ferrari; OM 242 Henry J 167 Figoni et Falaschi 99 Formula 1 World Championship 243, Henry Meadows 123 family cars fins 140\u20131 289, 326, 336\u20137 Herrmann, Hans 299 1940s mid-range sedans 132\u20133 Fisker, Henrik 331 four-wheel drive vehicles 218\u201319, 272\u20133, Heynes, William 120 1940s small cars 124\u20135 Fissore 210 312\u201313, 340\u20131 Hill, Damon 289 1950s 166\u20137 FN 3.5hp Victoria 1900 Franklin, Herbert 11 Hillman 1960s 178\u20139 Ford 28, 144\u20135 Franklin Model A 11 Avenger 222 1970s hatchbacks 238\u20139 Anglia 145 Frazer Nash Namir 345 Imp 179 1990s 294\u20135 Anglia 100E 136 French Grand Prix 63, 274, 275, 288, Minx Magnificent 75 Anglia 105E 136 299 Minx Phase III estate 113 famous marques reinvented 210\u201311 Bronco 218 French Touring Grand Prix 39 Minx\/Hunter 179 Fangio, Juan Manuel 15, 147, 221, 322 Capri 145, 197 Frisky Family Three 156\u20137 Hindustan Ambassador 167 Farina, Nino 221 Capri RS 3100 228 Frua 202, 210 Hino 287 Faulconer, Robert 28 Consul Capri 196\u20137 Fuhrmann, Ernst 299 Hirst, Major Ivan 232, 233 Fawcett, Prudence 77 Consul Cortina 145 fun cars 218\u201319 Hispano-Suiza Fend, Fritz 157 Consul MKII 166 future cars 344\u20135 H6 46\u20137 Ferrari 326\u20137 Cortina 145 K6 98 Cortina MkI GT 178 G Hitler, Adolf 87, 88, 126, 232, 233 125 Spider 327 Cortina MkV 223 Holden 126C4\/M2 242\u20133 Cougar 293 Gandini, Marcello 199, 254, 262 48-215 \u201cFX\u201d 133 166MM Barchetta 118 Custom V8 109 Gardner, Frank 236 Monaro 183 250 California Spider 202 Escape Hybrid 313 GAZ Chaika 190 VH Commodore 252 250GT 143 Escort 145, 245 Gazoo Racing 310 VR Commodore 300\u20131 250GT SWB 146, 327 Escort Mk2 RS1800 223 General Motors 78, 79, 315 Holsman, Harry K. 13 250GTO 326 Escort RS1600 236 Holsman Model 3 Runabout 13 275GTB 198 Explorer 145 EV1 293 homologation specials 252 275GTB\/4 327 F-Series 114\u201317 see also Buick; Cadillac; Chevrolet; Honda 308GTS 210 F1 112 Holden; La Salle; Pontiac; Saturn; Suzuki Accord 238 312\/68 181 Fairlane 141 Geo Metro 249 Civic CRX V-TEC 249 312P 181 Fairlane 500 Skyliner 170 Georges Roy 12hp 31 CR-V 312 330LMB 327 Falcon 182 German Grand Prix 327 Fit\/Jazz 328 348GTB 302 Falcon XA hardtop 235 Ghia 199, 202, 210, 222, 229 Insight 342\u20133 355 302 Festiva 248 Giacosa, Dante 75, 125, 156 N360 179 356GTB\/4 Daytona 327 Fiesta 217 Gilbern, GT 196 P-NUT 345 360 Modena 330 Focus 145 Ginetta G50 EV 338 S2000 281 365BB 327 Focus Mk2 RS 329 Ginetta\/Farbio F400 338 see also BAR Honda; McLaren-Honda 365GTB\/4 Daytona 210 GT40 145 Giugiaro, Giorgetto 211, 228, 238, 245, Hope Motor Company 218, 314, 315 375MM 146 GT40 MkII 180 249, 254, 255, 258, 267, 294, 315 Horch 251 400GT 210 Kuga 313 Glas 100, 101 PKW 250 400GT Superamerica 198 Lotus\/Ford Cosworth DFV V8 engine Goddu, Louis 11 Type 350 47 412 277 Goddu Tandem 11 Horch, August 250, 251 456GT 302 188\u20139 Goggomobil Dart 156\u20137 Hotchkiss 458 Italia 327, 330 Merkur 253 Goliath Pionier 74 680 103 512BB 327 Model A 13, 50, 144, 145 Gonz\u00e1lez, Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n 327 AM 80 Veth Coup\u00e9 46 599 GTB Fiorano 322 Model A Tourer 57 Gordon Bennet Trial 26 AM80S 103 599 HY-KERS 327 Model B 144 Gordon, Jeff 289 Howmet TX 180 612 327 Model K 144 Gordon-Keeble 199 Hudson 164 California 327, 330 Model T 18\u201321, 22\u20133, 145 Goux, Jules 275 Eight 87 Dino 206 327 Model T roadster 50 Hornet 164 Dino 246 326","INDEX . 355 Hornet 164 XJS 267, 302 Aprilia 75 Tata 318 Super Six 109 XK straight-six engine 120\u20131 Astura 98 Volkswagen 126 Hudson Eight Indianapolis 76 XK8 302 Aurelia 143 L\u00f6hner-Porsche electric car 298 Huffaker-Offenhauser Special 180\u20131 XK120 118, 122, 123 Aurelia B24 171 Lola Aston Martin LMP1 324\u20135 Hughes, James R. 92 XK140 123, 142, 148 Beta Monte Carlo 242 Lola T70 180 Humber XK150 FHC 142 Beta Monte Carlo\/Scorpion 225 Lola-Cosworth, T500 236 Hawk III 133 XKE 198 Delta Integrale 254 Long Distance 7hp 12 Hawk Mk IV 183 XKR 302 Flaminia 165 Lord, Leonard 119 Hawk VI 165 XKR75 331 Flavia 178 Lotus Humberette 17 see also Daimler; SS Cars; Swallow Fulvia Coup\u00e9 197 7 149 Imperial 191 Jaguar Racing 325 Gamma Coup\u00e9 229 49 181 Pullman II 106 Jankovits, Gino and Oscar 92 Lambda 48\u20139, 51 72 236 Super Snipe 165 Jano, Vittorio 39, 66, 76, 77, 84, 92, 220, Rallye 037 Evo 2 242 79 236 Super Snipe II 106 221 Stratos 210 Elan 202, 267 Super Snipe staff car 112 Jaray, Paul 93 Thema 8.32 253 Elan +2 197 Hummer H3 341 Jeep 110\u201311, 169 Tipo 55 Corsa 27 Elan Sprint 224 Hupmobile Touring Series R 57 Cherokee 273 Lancia, Vincenzo 27, 31 Eleven 146 hybrid vehicles 275, 287, 299 Commander 341 Land Rover 123, 145 Elise 281, 338 cars of the future 344\u20135 Commando 219 88SIII 272 Elise 340R 338 Ferrari 599 HY-KERS 327 Grand Cherokee 341 Discovery 272 Elite 149 Ford Escape Hybrid 313 Patriot 313 Discovery 3 312 Esprit 267 Honda Insight 342\u20133 Wagoneer 219 Discovery Series II 312 Esprit Turbo 211 Lexus RX 400h 340 Wrangler 273 Series 1 113 Esprit V8 303 Porsche Cayenne Hybrid 341 Jellinek, Emile 14 Series 1 Station Wagon 113 Etna 255 Toyota Prius 287, 328 Jensen 196, 224 Series III 219 Evora 338 hyper-performance cars, 1990s 302\u20133 Interceptor 198\u20139 large cars, 1940s 106\u20137 Lotus\/Ford Cosworth DFV V8 engine Hyundai S-type 103 Lauda, Niki 299, 327 Excel\/Pony 254 Jensen, Alan and Richard 103 Le Mans 15, 29, 38, 50, 62, 63, 76, 77, 188\u20139 i-flow 345 Jensen-Healey 224 84, 92, 93, 99, 101, 118, 119, 122, Super Seven 202 Johnson, Claude 58 123, 146, 147, 180, 181, 184, 185, T127 336\u20137 I Johnston, George 12 214, 221, 236, 237, 242, 251, 275, Lotus-Renault, 9TT 243 Jowett 288, 299, 304, 324, 325, 326 luxury cars Iacocca, Lee 169 Bradford 113 le Qu\u00e9mant, Patrick 63 1920s 46\u20137 Ickx, Jacques \u201cJacky\u201d 181, 237, 242 Javelin 133 Lea-Francis Hyper 65 1930s 80\u20131 IMSA GTP Series 288 Jupiter 148 Ledwinka, Hans 93 1950s 142\u20133 Indianapolis 27, 38, 76, 119, 274, 275 Leland, Henry Martyn 16, 28, 30, 51, 144, 1960s 190\u20131 Indy Car racing 180 K 145 1980s 276\u20137 Infiniti Leland & Faulconer 28 Bentley Continental R 304\u20137 Kaiser Lemoyne, Dominic 242 Lincoln Zephyr 94\u20137 FX50 341 Darrin 143 Levassor, \u00c9mile 11, 274 pre 1920s 30\u20131 G37 convertible 311 Frazer F47 108 Levegh, Pierre 15 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost 32\u20135 Innocenti, Spider 202 Lexus 287 Lyons, William 102, 118, 120, 122, 123, Inter 175 Berline 156 Kaiser, Henry 143 GS300 301 198, 214 International Harvester Kaiser-Frazer 167 IS-F 310 K-series pickup 112\u201313 Kankkunen, Juha 288, 289 LFA 323 M Scout II 219 kei jidosha 314 LS400 277 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy (TT) 58, 59, 65, Kia RX 400h 340 Macklin, Lance 184 76 Leyat, Marcel 60 McLaren Iso Grifo A3C 199 Picanto 316 Leyat H\u00e9lica 1919 60 Isotta Fraschini 184 Pride 248 Leyland 122 F1 100, 101 8C Monterosa 106 Kimber, Cecil 57 Mini Moke 219 F1 GTR 302\u20133 Tipo 8A 65 Kissel straight-eight Speedster 51 Leyton House-Judd, CG901B 288 McLaren-Honda, MP4\/4 243 Tipo 8A Van Rijswijk Dual-cowl Phaeton Knox 8hp 16 Li\u00e8ge-Sofia-Li\u00e8ge rally 202 McLaren-Mercedes 15 46 Koenigsegg CCX-R 323 Ligier Ambra 316 MP4\/23 324 Issigonis, Sir Alec 77, 124, 156, 159, 194, Komenda, Erwin 232 limousines, 1960s luxury 190\u20131 McLaren-Offenhauser M16C 237 238 Korean War 287 Lincoln 28, 145 McRae, Colin 288 Issigonis Lightweight Special 77 KTM X-Bow 339 1946 model 108 McRae, Jimmy 242 Isuzu 79 Kurtis-Chrysler 5005 145 Capri 140 Malcolmson, Alexander 144 Bellett 183 Continental 99, 300 March 707 181 Impulse 255 L Continental Convertible 191 Marcos 196 Gemini 245 Continental MkII 140 Mantula 266 Piazza Turbo 255 La Salle 28, 29 K V12 81 Marmon Sixteen 99 Italian design, 1980s 254\u20135 Model 303 51 L Sedan 46 Marquette-Buick 1909 27 Italian Grand Prix 76 V8 81 Mark VII 276 Marston, John 11 Mk LT 340 Martin, Lionel 64, 184 J Labourdette, Henri 27 V8 51 Maserati 130, 131, 210 Lago, Anthony 99 Zephyr 93, 94\u20137 4CLT\/48 119 Jabouille, Jean-Pierre 237 Lagonda 184 Lister Storm 303 8C 3000 77 Jaguar 122\u20133, 145 Loeb, S\u00e9bastien 131 8CTF 77 2.6-litre 107 logos 250F 147 C-type 147 3-litre 46, 102 Alfa Romeo 66 4200 331 D-type 122, 123, 146\u20137 V12 Lancefield Le Mans Coup\u00e9 93 Austin 158 Biturbo 252 E-type 122, 123, 198\u20139, 202 Lamborghini Bentley 304 Chrysler TC 254 E-type Series III 211, 212\u201315 400GT Monza 199 Bugatti 40 Ghibli 199 MkII 122, 183 Countach 262\u20135, 267 Chevrolet 150 Granturismo 331 MkIX 142 Countach LP400 211, 262 Citro\u00ebn 172 Kyalami 4.9 229 MkVII 122, 142 Diablo 303, 322 DeLorean 256 Mistral Spider 202 MkX 122, 191 Islero 199 Duesenberg 52 Quattroporte 310 S-type 301 LM002 273 Ferrari 268 Quattroporte II 223 SS100 85 Miura 199, 262 Ford 18, 114 Tipo 61 \u201cBirdcage\u201d 180 XF 311 Murci\u00e8lago 322 Jaguar 212 mass-market models, 1930s 86\u20137 XJ 311 Volkswagen acquire 233 Lamborghini 262 Massa, Felipe 326, 327 XJ-S 122, 123 Lamborghini, Ferruccio 262, 327 Lincoln-Zephyr 94 Matra 236 XJ6 182\u20133 Lammers, Jan 123 Mazda 282 Cosworth MS10 181 XJ12 277 Lanchester 11 Mercedes-Benz 204 Djet 196 XJ12C 228 Lanchester, Frederick, George and Frank Morgan 332 Matra-Simca XJ13 180 11, 30 Rolls-Royce 32 Bagheera 225 Lancia MS670B 237 Alpha 31","356 . INDEX Matthewson, Robert 30 KR200 157 N Dyna 110 125 Maudsley, Reginald 17 TG500 157 Panhard et Levassor 274 Maxwell 168 Metge, Ren\u00e9 242 Nader, Ralph 79, 187, 201 Meyers, Bruce 218 Nagant Type D 14\/16hp Town Car 30 15hp Type X21 30 Model A Junior Runabout 13 Meyers Manx 218 Nannini, Alessandro 243 Phaeton 11 Maxwell, Jonathan 13 MG 195 Napier Gordon Bennett 26 X-19 Labourdette Torp\u00e9do Skiff 27 Maybach 310 2T 260 310 NASA Lunar Roving Vehicle 230\u20131 X77 Dynamic 93 Maybach, Willhelm 10, 14 18\/80 57 NASCAR 164, 234, 237, 289, 324, 325 Panhard, Ren\u00e9 11 Mays, J. 145 1100 178 Nash 164 Panther Lima 225 Mazda Magnette ZA 166 Paris\u2013Dakar Rally 242, 243, 298 Metro 6R4 243 Metropolitan 137, 195 Paris-Rouen Rally 274 CX-7 312 MGA 149 Metropolitan 1500 170 Parnell, Reg 184 Familia\/323 216 MGB 203, 225 Nassau Speed Week 146 Parry-Jones, Richard 145 MX-5\/Miata 282\u20135 MGB GT 225 Nazarro, Felice 326 Paulin, Georges 99 MX-5 (MkI) 280 MGB GT V8 235 Newey, Adrian 288, 289 Peel P50 157 MX-5 (MkIII) 339 MGF 281 Nibel, Hans 93 Pescarolo, Henry 237 RX-7 229 Midget 202 Nielsen, John 123 Petre, Kay 39 MBW Midget MkIII 224 Nissan 63, 194 Peugeot 274\u20135 X3 312 PB 85 350Z 331 7.6-liter racer 274 Z4 338 RV8 281 Armada 341 104 217 MCC TA Midget 85 Cedric 190 201 274 Smart Crossblade 328 TC 119 Cherry Turbo 248 202 274 Smart Roadster 328 TD 119 Figaro 280 203 132\u20133, 274 Meadows, Henry 156 TF 338 GT-R Spec V 323 204 275 Mercedes 14\u201315 Y-type 124\u20135 March\/Micra 248 205 GTi 248 28\/95 64 YT 119 Patrol 272 205 hatchback 275 60hp 12, 14, 15 Michelotti, Giovanni 146, 183, 197, 203 Prairie 272 205 T16 Evo 2 243 Mercedes-Benz 14\u201315 microcars, 1950s 156\u20137 President 190 205 Turbo 16 275 130H 15 middle classes, cars for 56\u20137, 60\u20131 Qashqai 313 206 XR 294 150H Sport Roadster 92\u20133 Mikkola, Hannu 242, 251 Rogue 313 302 274 170H 87 military transport 112, 113, 145 Skyline GT-R 183 401 Eclipse 99 170V 132 Mille Miglia 38, 62, 66, 84, 118, 146, see also Infiniti 402 92, 274 180 Ponton 15 147, 221, 323, 326 Noble, Lee 323 402 Darl\u2019Mat 99 190 277 Miller Boyle Valve Special 39 Noble M600 323 402 \u00c9clipse D\u00e9capotable 274, 275 190E 15 Miller, Harry 39 North American CanAm racing series 403 165, 274, 275 190SL 149 Minerva 32hp AK Landaulette 47 181, 299 404 178, 275 220 15, 167 Mini Clubman 216, 329 Northey, Percy 58, 59 405 254 230SL 202 Mini Moke 178, 219 NSU 233, 251 405 T16 GR 243 260D 15, 87 Mirage-Cosworth, GR7 236 Sport Prinz 196 406 TD 2.1 294 280SL 204\u20137 Mitchell, Bill 29, 223 Wankel rotary engine 226\u20137 504 275 300 143 Mitsubishi Nuvolari, Tazio 76 504 Cariolet 224 300 SEC 190 Colt Mirage 216 604 275 300SL 15, 143 Debonair 190 O 908 HDI FAP 275, 325 300SL Roadster 171 Space Wagon 272 1007 317 350SL 224 Miura, Antonio 262 off-roaders 218\u201319, 272\u20133, 312\u201313, bb1 345 500K Special Roadster 98 Moll, Guy 220 340\u20131 PB-1 B\u00e9b\u00e9 17, 274, 275 540K 102 Monte Carlo Rally 47, 61, 62, 63, 103, Ogle, David 196 RCZ THP 200 329 560 SEC 277 119, 242, 299 Ogle SX1000 196 Type 2 275 600 190 Monteverdi 375C 210 Olds, Ransom Eli 16, 28 Type 21 Phaeton 274 710 SSK 1929 38\u20139 Morgan Oldsmobile 16 Type 126 12\/15hp Touring 31 A-Class 15, 295 4\/4 85 see also Chrysler; Citro\u00ebn; De Dion A-Class MkII 328 4\/4 four-seater 224 88 Club Sedan 109 Peugeot, Armand 274, 275 C-Class DTM 303 4\/4 Le Mans 77 442 234 Peugeot, Eug\u00e8ne 274 C111 Concept 15 Aero 8 330, 332\u20135 Aurora 292 Philippe, Maurice 236 C111-II 211 Plus 8 280 Curved Dash 1901 16 Piaggio 156 C220 300 Plus Four TR 171 Six 87 pickup trucks 112\u201313 CLK 320 310 Super Sport 3-wheeler 85 Starfire 187 Ford F-Series 114\u201317 CLK DTM 324 Morgan, Charles 334 Super 88 164 Pi\u00ebch, Ferdinand 233 F800 Style 344 Morgan, H.F.S. 332 OM 665 \u201cSuperba\u201d 38 Pierce Silver Arrow 92 G-Wagen 219, 272\u20133 Morgan-JAP Aero 61 Opel Pierce-Arrow GLK 340\u20131 Morris 4\/12 1924 61 38hp Model 51 46 Grosser limousines 14, 15 Cowley 56 4\/14 1924 57 Model 38 Park Phaeton 31 Maybach marque 15 Eight 75 Agila 316 Pikes Peak International Hill Climb 251 S-Class 15, 300\u20131 Eight Series E 124 Ampera 345 Pinin Farina 84, 98, 137, 143, 146, 160, SL 15, 330 Marina 222 Astra 329 165, 195, 203, 221, 274 SL65 323 Minor 61, 124 Corsa 249 Pininfarina 164, 198, 203, 210, 221, 224, SLK 15, 339 Minor 1000 Tourer 170 Flextreme GT\/E 345 254, 255, 268, 274, 275, 277, 281, 302, SLK 230K 281 Minor Traveller 136\u20137 Kadett 217, 239 327 SLR supercar 15 Oxford 56 Kapitan 106 pioneer vehicles 10\u201311 SLS AMG 323 Oxford MO 133 Manta 400 242 Piquet, Nelson 101 SSK 15 see also MG Manta GT\/E 228 Plymouth 168 Type S 36\/220 1926 38 Mors 14\/19hp Landaulette Town Car P4 75 Barracuda 168, 169, 186 W25 77 30\u20131 see also Vauxhall Fury 140, 168 W125 77 Mors, \u00c9mile 31 OSCA MT4 147 Hemi \u2018Cuda 234 W154 77 Moss, Stirling 323 Otto, Gustav 100, 101 Model U Coup\u00e9 51 W196 147 motorcycles 14, 122, 251, 314 P3 87, 169 see also Chrysler; McLaren-Mercedes; Mouton, Mich\u00e8le 242, 251 PQ Prowler 292 MPVs 137 Road King 169 Sauber-Mercedes MPVs (Multi-Purpose Vehicles) Packard Road-Runner 234\u20135 Mercedes-McLaren SLR 722S 323 1980s 272\u20133 443 Custom Eight 47 Voyager 272 Mercer 1990s 294\u20135 Super 8 80\u20131 Pontiac Murphy, Jimmy 38 Super Eight Convertible 109 Bonneville Custom 140 Cougar 187 Murphy, William H. 144 see also Studebaker Chieftain Convertible 109 Cyclone 187 Murray, Gordon 100, 236, 243 Fiero GT 244\u20135 Type 35R Raceabout 27 muscle cars Pagani Zonda 322 Firebird Trans Am 234, 266 Mercury 1970s 234\u20135 Panhard 131 Grand Am 244 Cougar 234, 293 Dodge Charger 169 Phoenix 244 Monterey 164\u20135 750 Spider 147 Six 86 Villager 293 Merosi, Giuseppe 220, 221 Messerschmitt","INDEX . 357 Phoenix 244 Railton, Reid 102 Silver Spirit 59, 276\u20137 small cars Six 86 Railton Eight 102 Silver Wraith 58, 107 1920s 60\u20131 Solstice 339 Rally Finland 275, 315 see also Bentley 1940s 124\u20135 Tempest GTO 187 rallying Rolt, Tony 123 1950s bubble cars and microcars 156\u20137 Trans Am 234 Romeo, Nicola 66, 220, 221 1970s 216\u201317 Trans Sport 273 1980s 242\u20133, 251, 275, 315 Rootes Group 169, 179, 191, 222 1980s superminis 248\u20139 pony cars 186\u20137 1990s 288\u20139 Rosche, Paul 101 1980s U.S. compacts 244\u20135 Ford Mustang 145, 186\u20137 Range Rover 218\u201319, 340 Rothschild 31, 34 2000s city cars 316\u201317 Hyundai Excel\/Pony 254 Evoque 344 Rover 101 2000s compact genius 328\u20139 Plymouth Barracuda 168, 169 Sport 340 8hp 12 Austin Seven Mini 158\u201361, 216, 248 Porsche 233, 298\u20139 Rapi, Fabio 106 10 132 Tata Nano 317, 318\u201321 356 298 Rapp, Karl 100, 101 14 86 356 Speedster 298 Rasmussen, Jorgen Skafte 250\u20131 25 VVC 295 Smart City Coup\u00e9 316 356A 149, 299 Rayton Fissore Magnum 273 90 165 Snider, \u201cDuke\u201d 29 356B 196 Red Bull-Cosworth STR1 325 3500 SDI 223 Sommer, Raymond 92 550 Coup\u00e9 146 Regal Model NC Colonial Coup\u00e9 30 3500 Vitesse 252 Spada, Ercole 229 550\/1500RS 146 Reliant Robin 238 P6 2000 TC 182 Speedwell 6hp Dogcart 16 718 RS 181 Reltz, Matthias 233 Roy, Georges 31 Spijker, Jacobus and Hendrik-Jan 17, 26 906 181 Renault 62\u20133 Royce, Frederick Henry 30, 32, 58, 59 Sport-Utility Vehicles see SUVs 911 298\u20139, 303, 331 4CV 62, 63, 125 RUF Porsche CTR3 323 Sports Car Racing World Championship 911 2.4 Targa 229 5 216, 249 Russian Nine-day Trial 26 911 Cabriolet 266\u20137 8 Gordini 179 Rutherford, Johnny 237 242 911 Carrera RS 211, 298\u20139 14 239 Rytecraft Scoota-car 82\u20133, 157 sports cars 911 flat-six engine 260\u20131 20TS 239 911 SCRS 242 40CV 47 S 1920s 64\u20135 911 Turbo 299 Avantime 63, 312 1930s 84\u20135, 102\u20133 911S 299 AX 1908 17, 62 Saab 1940s 118\u201319 911S 2.2 229 Clio 63 92 125 1950s 148\u20139, 150\u20133 914 299 Clio V6 303 99 Turbo 222\u20133 1960s 186\u20137, 202\u20133, 204\u20137 917\/10 237 Dauphine 62, 63, 136 900 Carlsson 300 1970s 224\u20135 917K 181, 299 Espace 63, 273 900 Convertible 277 1980s 252\u20133, 256\u20139 924 229, 299 Floride\/Caravelle 171 Sonett 197 1990s 280\u20131, 282\u20135 928 299 Fr\u00e9gate 164 2000 onward 330\u20131, 332\u20135, 338\u20139 934-5 211, 299 Juvaquatre 86 Sainz, Carlos 288 Spyker 936 299 Kangoo 295 Sakhnoffsky, Alexis de 75 12\/16hp Double Phaeton 17 936\/77 237 Le Car 216, 249 Salmson S4 84 60hp 26 944 299 M\u00e9gane MkII 63, 329 Salonen, Timo 243 C4 All-weather Coup\u00e9 46 944 S2 Cabriolet 280 M\u00e9gane Sc\u00e9nic 63, 295 sedans C8 Aileron 331 953 4WD 242 R5 Turbo 63 SS Cars 122, 123 956 242, 299 RS10 237 1940s large 106\u20137 SS Jaguar 122, 212 959 267, 298\u20139 Sport Spider 280 1940s mid-range family 132\u20133 Standard 962 288, 299 Twingo 63 1950s large 164\u20135 8hp 124 964 Carrera 4 299 Twizy ZE 345 1960s sports and executive 182\u20133 9\u00bdhp Model S 17 968 299 Viva Gran Sport 92 1970s 222\u20133 SL04 57 Boxster 280, 299 Voiturette 1898 13 1980s ultimate sports 252\u20133 Vanguard 113 Cayenne Hybrid 341 Zoom 290\u20131 1990s executive 300\u20131 see also Triumph Cayenne SUV 299 see also Lotus-Renault; Williams- Sanremo Rally 243 Stanley Cayman 339 Renault Saoutchik 119 Model 735 50 L\u00f6hner-Porsche electric car 298 Renault, Louis 62, 63 Satta, Dr Orazio 166 Runabout 10 Panamera 4S 299, 311 Renault, Marcel 62 Saturn Stanley, Francis and Freelan 10 RUF Porsche CTR3 323 REVA\/G-Wiz 316 Outlook 313 station wagons 113 Type 64 298, 299 Rexette 1905 13 SL 292 Stellite 9hp 17 see also Volkswagen Richards, David 185 Sauber Grand Prix team 101, 325 Stevens, Brooks 113 Porsche, Ferdinand 14, 27, 38, 76, 88, Riley Sauber-Mercedes C11 288 Stewart, Jackie 236 112, 125, 126, 128, 232, 233, 288, 289 9 Brooklands 39 Sayer, Malcolm 198, 214 Stewart Formula 1 team 123, 145 Porsche, Ferdinand Alexander (\u201cButzi\u201d) Brooklands 76 Scheckter, Jody 327 Steyr 50 93 298 Nine Monaco 56 Schiavone, Patrick 293 Stile Bertone Mantide 345 Porsche, Ferry 298, 299 RMB 132 Schumacher, Michael 288, 289, 325, stock car racing 164, 237 Portuguese Grand Prix 288 RMC Roadster 118 327, 331 streamlined cars, 1930s 92\u20137 practical everyday vehicles, 1940s 112\u201313 RME 166 Scion xB 329 Studebaker Premier Automotive Group 123 Riley, Percy 39, 56 Scoota-car 82\u20133, 157 Avanti 199 Presley, Elvis 59 Riley, Stanley 56 Scuderia Ferrari racing team 326 Champion 109 Pressed Steel Company 122 Rinspeed UC 344 SEAT 233 Gran Turismo Hawk 186 Prince Henry Trial 26, 27 roadsters Ibiza 249 Silver Hawk 141 Prodrive 185 1920s 50-1 Sebring 12-hour race 147, 324, 326 Stutz production-line cars, early 16\u201317 1940s 118\u201319 Secma F16 Sport 316\u201317 Bearcat 27 Prost, Alain 243 1980s 266\u20137 sedans, 1960s 186\u20137 Model K 47 Pupulidy, Emil 146 1990s 280\u20131 Senna, Ayrton 243 Subaru Pupulidy-Porsche Special 146 Robinson, Mike 345 Shanghai SH760 276 360 157 Roesch, Georges 81 Shelby, Carroll 199, 203 Forester 295 Quandt family 100, 101 Rohrl, Walter 251 SIMA-Violet 1924 60 Impreza WRC 288\u20139 Rolls, Charles Stewart 30, 32, 58, 59 Simca 169 Legacy 288 R Rolls-Royce 58\u20139, 233 Abarth GT 180 Leone Estate 216 20\/25 80 Aronde 167 RI 316 racing cars 20hp 46 Aronde Plein Ciel 137 Tribeca 312 1930s 76\u20137 Corniche 228 see also Matra-Simca WRX 289 1940s 118\u201319 engines 58, 59 Sinclair C5 249 Sunbeam 1950s 146\u20137 Phantom 311 Singer 3-litre 1924 38 1960s 180\u20131 Phantom drophead 311 Junior 8hp 74 16hp 65 1970s 236\u20137 Phantom I 32, 47, 59 Nine Le Mans 86 20\/60hp 65 1980s 242\u20133 Phantom II 80 single-seaters, 1930s 76\u20137 Alpine 148 1990s 288\u20139 Phantom VI 191 Sivocci, Uvo 220 Rapier H120 197 2000 onward 324\u20135 Silver Cloud 58, 59, 142 \u0160koda 130, 233 Rapier IV 179 Silver Cloud III 190\u20131 120S 222 Silver Bullet 90\u20131 Radford, Harold 191 Silver Dawn 142 Favorit 254 Tiger 203 Radford Mini De Ville 191 Silver Ghost 30, 32\u20135, 58, 59 Felicia Super 171 Sunbeam-Mabley 11 R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen, Kimi 325, 327 Silver Seraph 59 Octavia 137 Sunbeam-Talbot 90 133 Silver Shadow 58, 59 Popular 75 supercars 1970s 210\u201311 2000 onward 330\u20131, 332\u20135","358 . INDEX Ferrari F40 268\u201371 iQ 287, 317, 328 VX220 338 15\/60 167 Lamborghini Countach 262\u20135 Land Cruiser 286, 287 see also Opel 1500 136 toward 200 mph 322\u20133 Land Cruiser FJ40 218 Vespa 400 156 Autocar 194 superminis 248\u20139, 328\u20139 Model SA 124 Vickers 59 Hornet 178 Surtees, John 148, 237 MR2 266, 287 Vignale Gamine 203 Voiturette 194 Surtees-Hart TS10 237 Previa 294 Villeneuve, Gilles 327 Wolseley, Frederick 194 SUVs 218\u201319, 272\u20133, 312\u201313, 340\u20131 Prius 287 Vincent, Ren\u00e9 274 Woods Dual Power 51 Suzuki 79, 314\u201315 Prius MkII 328 Volkswagen 232\u20133 World Land Speed Record 39, 90 Alto 315 RAV4 287 343 239 World Rally Championships 131, 223, Cappuccino 280, 315 RH 286 1600 Fastback 178\u20139 242, 275, 287, 288 Cervo 315 Sequoia 340 Beetle 124, 126\u20139, 232\u20133, 295 World Sports Car Championship 123, Colleda motorcycle 314, 315 Sienna 313 crash tests 200\u20131 184, 221, 275, 288, 327 Fronte 314 Sports 800 287 Dasher 238 World War I 14, 58, 130, 145, 194, 250, Fronte 360 314 Starlet 217 flat-four engine 88\u20139 274 Fronte 500 314 TF108 325 Golf 233 World War II 15, 58, 62, 100, 168, 184, Fronte Coup\u00e9 315 Tiara 286 Golf GTI 224, 233, 238 194, 232, 233, 251, 286 Grand Vitara SUV 315 Toyoda Model AA 286, 287 Golf GTI Mk4 295 practical everyday transportation 112\u201313 Ignis S1600 314\u201315 Yaris\/Vitz 317 Golf Rallye 233 Jimny LJ10 218 see also Daihatsu; Hino; Lexus Golf Rallye G60 253 Z Kizashi 315 Tramontana 339 Jetta 245 LJ10 314 TransAm championship 251 K70 233 Zagato 65, 66, 68, 147, 229, 276 LJ20 314 Trippel, Hans 179 Karmann Ghia 171 Z\u00fcndapp Janus 157 LJ50 314 Triumph Kdf-Wagen 232, 233, 298 LJ80 314 1800 132 Kombi 166\u20137 LJ81 314 2000 183 Kombi (Type 2 Van) 232\u20133 SC100 315 Dolomite Roadster 103 K\u00fcbelwagen 112 SC100 Coup\u00e9 229 Dolomite Sprint 222 Lupo 233 Suzulight SF 314, 315 GT6 197 Passat 233, 238 Suzulight TL van 314 Herald 1200 178 Phaeton 233 Swift 249, 315 Stag 224 Polo 216, 233, 248 Vitara 272, 315 Super Seven 61 Schwimmwagen 232 Wagon R+ 315 TR2 148 Schwimmwagen Type 166 112 see also Chevrolet; Holden; Hope TR4A 203 Scirocco 228, 233 Suzuki, Michio 314, 315 TR6 224 Sharan 295 Suzuki, Osamu 315 TR7 224 Touareg 233 Swallow 122, 123, 212 TR8 224 Touran 313 SS1 102, 122, 123, 212 Trojan 10hp PB 60 see also Auto Union; Bentley; Bugatti; SS2 122 Trulli, Jarno 336\u20137 Lamborghini; NSU; Porsche; Rolls- see also SS Cars Tucker 48 109 Royce; SEAT; \u0160koda Swedish Rally 275 Tucker, Preston 109 Volvo 123, 145 Swedish Winter Cup 26 turbochargers 242\u20133 122S 182 TVR 760GLE 277 T 350i 266 780 254 3000S 224\u20135 Amazon 166 Talbot Grantura 196 C70 MkII 329 65 81 Griffith 400 280 P1800 196 Samba 248 two-seaters, 1980s 266\u20137 PV444 132 Sunbeam Lotus 217 Twombly Model B 1914 17 PV544 166 T15OC SS 99 Tyrell, Ken 236 V70 T5 295 Tyrell-Cosworth XC90 340 Talbot-Lago 001 236\u20137 Vulcan 10hp 16 T26 Grand Sport 119, 146 002 236 T26C 119 WXY U Tamplin 60 Wagner, Max 93 Tamplin, Edward 60 Uhlenhaut, Rudolf 77 Waldeg\u00e5rd, Bj\u00f6rn 243 Targa Florio 220, 299, 326 Unipower GT 197 Walker, Peter 123 Tata 123 United States Walkinshaw, Tom 123 Wallace, Andy 123 Nano 317, 318\u201321 1940s style-setters 108\u20139 Walmsley, William 122, 123 see also Jaguar; Land Rover 1950s fins and chrome 140\u20131 Wanderer 251 Tata, Ratan 318 1980s compacts 244\u20135 Tatra 232 1990s design reinvigorated 292\u20133 W25K 85 603 143 Wankel, Felix 226 T87 93 V Wartburg 100 T600 Tatraplan 133 Telnack, Jack 293 van den Acker, Laurens 63 Knight 222 Tesla Roadster 344 Vanden Plas 107, 191 Weller, John 38 Thomas Flyer Model 6\/40M Touring 31 Vanderbilt family 27 Weslake, Harry 120 Thomas, Ren\u00e9 39 Varzi, Achille 76 Whitehead, Peter 123 Tjaarda, John 95 Vatanen, Ari 243, 275 Wilkinson, John 11 Toivonen, Henri 242 Vauxhall Wilks, Maurice 113 Toivonen, Pauli 299 Williams 101 Towns, William 211 Agila 316 Williams-Renault Toyoda, Akio 287 Ampera 345 Toyoda, Eiji 287 Astra 239, 329 FW16B 289 Toyoda, Kiichiro 286, 287 Chevette HS 217 FW18 288\u20139 Toyoda, Shoichiro 287 Cresta 164 Wills, C. Harold 22 Toyota 79, 246\u20137, 286\u20137 Cresta PB 182 Willys 2000GT 287 H-type Ten-Four 75 Jeep Jeepster 113 Aygo 287, 317 Lotus Carlton 252 MB \u201cJeep\u201d 110\u201311, 113 Camry, NASCAR Nextel Cup 325 Nova GTE\/GSi 249 Willys-Knight Model 66 56\u20137 Celica 287 PA Velox 167 Willys-Overland 168 Celica Coup\u00e9 287 Prince Henry 1910 26 Winton car 144 Celica Twin 243 SRV concept 211 Wittmann, Franz 233 Corolla 179, 287 Velox 133 Wolseley 194 Crown 287 Velox 30\/98 64 6\/80 106 Highlander 313 6\/110 182 6hp 1901 16","ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 359 Acknowledgments Dorling Kindersley would like to thank Library: (tl). Renault Communication: Library: (tl). 118 Art Tech Picture Chapman Library: (fcr). 190 Giles the following for their kind permission to (cl). 63 akg-images: (br). Art Tech Agency: (tl). James Mann: (bc). Chapman Library. 191 Art Tech reproduce their photographs: Picture Agency: (tc). 64 Alamy 119 Louwman Museum: (tr). James Picture Agency: (fbr). Giles Chapman Images: Interfoto (ca). Louwman Mann: (bl, br). 122 Giles Chapman Library: (fcl). 192 Getty Images: (Key: a-above; b-below\/bottom; c-center; Museum. Magic Car Pics: (tr). Library. Tata Limited: (cla). f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top) Motoring Picture Library \/ National 123 Motoring Picture Library \/ Bentley Archive\/Popperfoto (c). Motor Museum: (crb). 65 Alamy National Motor Museum: (bc). 8 Getty Images: Car Culture (c). Images: Prisma Bildagentur AG (bc). 124 Giles Chapman Library: (clb, 194 Getty Images: Nat Farbman \/ Time 10 Giles Chapman Library: (cla). Corbis: Car Culture (cla). 66 TopFoto. crb). Magic Car Pics: (tc). Motoring Life Pictures (fbl). Giles Chapman 11 Louwman Museum. Corbis: The co.uk: (tl). 70 Corbis: The Bettmann Picture Library \/ National Motor Library: (ftl). Motoring Picture Bettmann Archive (cl). Getty Images: Archive (c). 72 Corbis: Car Culture (c). Museum. 125 Louwman Museum: Library \/ National Motor Museum: Ed Clark \/ Time Life Pictures (tl). Malcolm 74 Giles Chapman Library. Motoring (tr). Giles Chapman Library: (tl, br). (fcl). 195 Giles Chapman Library. McKay: (cr, bl). TopFoto.co.uk: Topham Picture Library \/ National Motor Motoring Picture Library \/ National 200 Giles Chapman Library: (c). Picturepoint (tr). 13 Louwman Museum: (tr). Reinhard Lintelmann Motor Museum: (crb). Reinhard 204 Giles Chapman Library: (ftl). Museum. Motoring Picture Library\/ Photography (Germany): (bl); (clb). Lintelmann Photography (Germany): 208 Alamy Images: Phil Talbot (c). National Motor Museum. 14 Corbis: 75 Art Tech Picture Agency: (bc). (clb). 126 Giles Chapman Library: 210 Alamy Images: Tom Wood (clb). The Bettmann Archive (tl). Giles The Car Photo Library: (cb). Giles (tl). 130 Alamy Images: Marka (tl). 212 Giles Chapman Library: (ftl). Chapman Library: (cra, bl). courtesy Chapman Library. TopFoto.co.uk: Citro\u00ebn Communication: (cla, bl). 216 Art Tech Picture Agency: (clb). Mercedes-Benz Cars, Daimler AG: ullstein bild \/ Paul Mai (tl). 76 Louwman 131 Alamy Images: Noel Yates (bc). LAT Photographic: (fbl). Giles (cla). 15 Giles Chapman Library: (br). Museum: (cra). 78 Alamy Images: Art Tech Picture Agency: (tr). Giles Chapman Library. 217 Art Tech 17 Louwman Museum: (crb, cr). Esa Hiltula (cla). Corbis: The Bettmann Chapman Library: (cra). 132 The Car Picture Agency: (fcr, fbl). LAT Giles Chapman Library: (clb). 18 Giles Archive (cr). TopFoto.co.uk: (tl). Photo Library: (fclb). Magic Car Pics. Photographic: (clb, ftr). Giles Chapman Library: (tl). 24 Corbis: 79 The Advertising Archives: (cla). 133 Alamy Images: culture-images Chapman Library. 218 Art Tech The Gallery Collection (c). 26 Louwman Corbis: Transtock Inc. (crb). Orphan GmbH (br). Fiat Group: (cb). Giles Picture Agency: (ca, c). Ford Motor Museum. 27 Art Tech Picture Work: (ftl). 82 Getty Images: Fox Chapman Library. Magic Car Pics: Company Limited: (fcla). The Car Agency: (tr). Louwman Museum: (cr). Photos (c). 84 Flickr.com: Ludek Paul Deverill (clb); (cl). James Mann: Photo Library: (fbr). LAT Corbis: Car Culture (crb). 28 Giles Mornstejn (tc). 85 Flickr.com: Stefan (tl). Motoring Picture Library\/ Photographic: (cl). Giles Chapman Chapman Library: (bc). Used with Koschminder (br). Motoring Picture National Motor Museum: (tc). Library: (ftr). Suzuki Motor permission, GM Media Archives. Library \/ National Motor Museum: TopFoto.co.uk: Roger-Viollet (cra). Corporation: (clb). 219 Alamy 29 Giles Chapman Library: (br). (cra). Oldtimergalerie Rosenau. : 134 Getty Images: Car Culture (c). Images: Trinity Mirror \/ Mirrorpix (bc). Used with permission, GM Media (clb). 86 Alamy Images: Autos (bc). 136 Art Tech Picture Agency: (clb). Art Tech Picture Agency: (fbl). Archives.: (cla). 30 Louwman 87 Giles Chapman Library: (clb). Giles Chapman Library: (bl). Courtesy of Chrysler Group LLC: (tr). Museum: (tc, ca, cla, bl, br, cr, cra). Reinhard Lintelmann Photography 137 Art Tech Picture Agency: (cr). Giles Chapman Library. Magic Car TopFoto.co.uk: National Motor (Germany): (tr). 90 Alamy Images: Giles Chapman Library: (br). Pics: (fbr). James Mann: (ca). Museum\/HIP (clb). 31 Louwman Lordprice Collection (c). 92 Louwman Malcolm McKay: (cl). 138 Corbis: Wisconsin Historical Society. : Image Museum. Giles Chapman Library: Museum: (cl). Giles Chapman Library: ID 25823 (ftl). 220 LAT Photographic: (bl). TopFoto.co.uk: Alinari (clb). (cra). Malcolm McKay: (cr). Motoring Minnesota Historical Society (c). (ftl). Giles Chapman Library: (cl, bc). 32 Giles Chapman Library: (tl). Picture Library \/ National Motor 140 Corbis: Car Culture (c). 221 Art Tech Picture Agency: (ftr). 38 Alamy Images: pbpgalleries (tc). Museum: (bl). TopFoto.co.uk: (tl). 143 Art Tech Picture Agency: (cra). Giles Chapman Library. 222 Art Tech Art Tech Picture Agency: (cl). 93 Louwman Museum. Motoring 144 Corbis: Car Culture (bc); Eric Picture Agency: (c). 223 BMW AG: Louwman Museum: (cra). Motoring Picture Library \/ National Motor Thayer\/Reuters (cl). TopFoto.co.uk: (fcla). Magic Car Pics: (ca). 225 Art Picture Library \/ National Motor Museum: (tr). 94 Corbis: The Bettmann Topham Picturepoint (tl). 145 Alamy Tech Picture Agency: (cla). Greig Museum: (cb). 39 Motoring Picture Archive (tl). 98 Louwman Museum: Images: Iain Masterton (br). Dalgleish: (cra). Giles Chapman Library \/ National Motor Museum. (bc). Giles Chapman Library: (cb). Giles Chapman Library: (cla). Library: (fcl). Reinhard Lintelmann Rex Features: Gary Hawkins (tr). James Mann: (ca). Motoring Picture 150 Giles Chapman Library: (tl). Photography (Germany): (cb). 40 Motoring Picture Library\/ Library \/ National Motor Museum: 156 Louwman Museum: (tc). Magic 226 Giles Chapman Library: (fbl). National Motor Museum: (tl). (cl). TopFoto.co.uk: (tc). 99 Art Tech Car Pics: (tr). Malcolm McKay: 228 Art Tech Picture Agency: (cra, ftl, 44 Used with permission, GM Media Picture Agency: (tr, br, cr, cra). (cla, bc). 157 Alamy Images: clb). 229 Art Tech Picture Agency: Archives.: (c). 45 Alamy Images: Louwman Museum: (cla). Giles (ca, cb). 230 NASA: (c). 232 Alamy culture-images GmbH (br). 46 Louwman Chapman Library: (bl, ftr). Coyote-Photography.co.uk (tl). Images: Phil Talbot (fcl); Eddie Linssen Museum. Getty Images: Car Culture 100 Alamy Images: Motoring Picture Louwman Museum: (cb, fcla). Giles (fbr). Giles Chapman Library: (ftl). (tl). 47 Louwman Museum. Giles Library (tl). BMW AG: (cla). Chapman Library: (cra). Malcolm 233 The Advertising Archives: (ca). Chapman Library: (cla). James Mann. Corbis: Tatiana Markow\/Sygma (bl). McKay. Reinhard Lintelmann Art Tech Picture Agency: (tr, ftr). LAT TopFoto.co.uk: (cb). 48 Giles Chapman Giles Chapman Library: (cra). Photography (Germany): (clb). Photographic: (fbr). 234 Louwman Library: (c). 50 Art Tech Picture 101 Alamy Images: Alfred Schauhuber\/ 158 Giles Chapman Library: (tl). Museum: (ftr). Motoring Picture Agency: (cl). Louwman Museum: (bc). imagebroker (tl). Corbis: Martyn 162 Fiat Group: (c). 164 Giles Library \/ National Motor Museum: James Mann: (cra). TopFoto.co.uk: Goddard (bc). 102 Giles Chapman Chapman Library: (clb). 165 Getty (clb). 235 Motoring Picture Library \/ 2006 (tr). 51 Louwman Museum: (tl). Library: (cl). Malcolm McKay. Images: Bloomberg (cb). Giles Chapman National Motor Museum: (cra). James Mann: (crb). Motoring Picture 103 Alamy Images: Tom Wood (br). Library. 166 Archivio Storico Alfa 236 Art Tech Picture Agency: (ftl). Library \/ National Motor Museum. Magic Car Pics: (tl). Malcolm McKay: Romeo: (cla). Art Tech Picture LAT Photographic: (clb, crb). James TopFoto.co.uk: 2005 (cb). Ullstein (tc). Motoring Picture Library\/ Agency: (cr). Giles Chapman Library: Mann: (fbl). 237 TopFoto.co.uk: Bild: (cl). 56 Motoring Picture Library\/ National Motor Museum. (cb). Volvo Group: (tr). 167 Art Tech Phipps\/Sutton\/HIP (clb). 238 Giles National Motor Museum: (tl, cr). 104 Corbis: Car Culture (c). Picture Agency: (cla). The Car Photo Chapman Library. Magic Car Pics: 57 Louwman Museum: (cra, c). James 106 Louwman Museum: (cb). Image Library: (crb). 168 The Advertising (fcla). 239 LAT Photographic: (cla). Mann: (tr). Motoring Picture Library\/ created by Simon GP Geoghegan: (cr). Archives: (cr). Corbis: Andrea Jemolo Giles Chapman Library. 240 The Car National Motor Museum: (cl). Giles Chapman Library: (tr). (bl). Courtesy of Chrysler Group Photo Library. 241 The Car Photo 58 Alamy Images: Mary Evans Picture Motoring Picture Library \/ National LLC: (cl). Giles Chapman Library: Library: (c). 244 Art Tech Picture Library (bl). Giles Chapman Library: Motor Museum: (ca). Reinhard (tl). 169 Corbis: DaZo Vintage Stock Agency: (c). Giles Chapman Library. (tl). Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Ltd: Lintelmann Photography Photos\/Images.com (bc). 172 Giles 245 Giles Chapman Library. Wikipedia, Rolls-Royce Enthusiasts Club (cra); (cla). (Germany): (c). 107 Art Tech Picture Chapman Library: (tl). 178 Giles The Free Encyclopedia: (tc). 246-247 59 Alamy Images: Pictorial Press Ltd Agency: (br). Giles Chapman Chapman Library. 179 Art Tech Corbis: JP Laffont\/ Sygma. 248 Art (cb). Art Tech Picture Agency: (tr). Library: (cra). Magic Car Pics. James Picture Agency: (fcra). Louwman Tech Picture Agency: (c). Giles 60 Alamy Images: Motoring Picture Mann: (tl). 108 Magic Car Pics: (tr). Museum: (clb, bc). The Car Photo Chapman Library. 249 Art Tech Library (cl). Louwman Museum: (tc, clb). 110 Corbis: The Bettmann Archive (c). Library: (c). Giles Chapman Library. Picture Agency: (fbl). Giles Chapman Motoring Picture Library \/ National 112 Alamy Images: Transtock Inc. (bl). 182 Motoring Picture Library\/ Library. Malcolm McKay: (clb). Motor Museum: (cr). 61 Giles Louwman Museum: (bc). Cody National Motor Museum: (fcr). 250 akg-images: (fbl). Alamy Images: Chapman Library: (cra). Motoring Images: (ca). 113 Giles Chapman 183 Alamy Images: Stanley Hare (fbr); Niall McDiarmid (cl). Bundesarchiv: Picture Library \/ National Motor Library: (cla). James Mann: (cb). Martin Berry (bc). Rudolf Kozdon : (ftl). Dennis Images: (fbr). Museum: (tc, cl). 62 akg-images: Erich Malcolm McKay: (crb). Motoring (clb). 184 Alamy Images: Antiques 251 The Advertising Archives: (ca). Lessing (bl). Lebrecht Music and Arts: Picture Library \/ National Motor & Collectables (fbl). Aston Martin Alamy Images: Hans Dieter Seufert \/ Rue des archives (br). Giles Chapman Museum: (bc). 114 Giles Chapman Lagonda Limited: (ftl). Corbis: Bruce culture-images GmbH (fbr). Reinhard Benedict \/ Transtock (fcl). 185 Alamy Lintelmann Photography (Germany): Images: Photos 12 (fbr). Giles (ftl). 252 Art Tech Picture Agency.","ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 360 Giles Chapman Library: (fbl). James Chapman Library. 304 Giles Chapman The publisher would like to thank Peter Harris Mann: (ftr). 253 Art Tech Picture Library: (ftl). 308 Motoring Picture the following people for their Philip Jones, Byron International, Agency. Giles Chapman Library: (fcr). Library \/ National Motor Museum: assistance with this book: Tadworth, Surrey, UK: 254 Art Tech Picture Agency: (fcl). James Mann (c). 312 Alamy Images: www.allastonmartin.com (c): Aventure Peugeot: (cb). Citro\u00ebn Transtock Inc. (fclb); Motoring Picture Steve Crozier and Nicola Erdpresser for Porsche Cars (Great Britain) Ltd, Communication: (crb, fbr). LAT Library (fcra); izmostock (c). Giles design assistance; Catherine Thomas for Reading, Berkshire, UK: Photographic. Giles Chapman Chapman Library: (fbr). 313 Alamy editorial assistance; Jyoti Sachdev, www.porsche.com\/uk\/ Library: (clb). 255 Art Tech Picture Images: Robert Steinbarth (ftr). Giles Sakshi Saluja, and Malavika Talukder Roger Dudding Agency: (cra, cr). Magic Car Pics. Chapman Library: (fcrb). 314 Corbis: for arranging the India photoshoot; Roger Florio 256 Corbis: Tony Korody \/ Sygma (ftl). Suzuki Motor Corporation \/ Frank Caroline Hunt for proofreading; and Silver Arrows Automobiles, Classic Dorling Kindersley: DeLorean Motor Rumpenhorst \/ epa (cl). Giles Chapman Helen Peters for the index. Mercedes-Benz, London, UK: Company (fcl). 260 Porsche AG: (fbl). Library: (br, ftl). 315 Giles Chapman www.silverarrows.co.uk 266 Art Tech Picture Agency: (cb). Library. Suzuki Motor Corporation. The publisher would also like to Silver Lady Services Ltd, Rolls Royce Giles Chapman Library: (cra). 316 Giles Chapman Library. Magic thank the following companies and and Bentley Car Services, Bournemouth, 267 Art Tech Picture Agency: (cla, cra). Car Pics: (fcra). courtesy Mahindra individuals for their generosity in Dorset, UK: www.silverladyservices.co.uk 268 Alamy Images: Motoring Picture Reva: (tc). 317 Giles Chapman allowing Dorling Kindersley access Tata Motors, Mumbai, India: Library. Malcolm McKay: (fcl). to their vehicles and engines for www.tatamotors.com Library \/ National Motor Museum (ftl). 318 PA Photos: Gautam Singh \/ AP photography: Tim Colbert 272 Giles Chapman Library. 273 Art (ftl). 326 Corbis: Car Culture (cl); Timothy Dutton, Ivan Dutton Ltd, Tech Picture Agency. Giles Chapman Schlegelmilch (fbl). Motoring Picture Alex Pilkington Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK: Library. 274 The Bridgeman Art Library \/ National Motor Museum: Audi UK: www.audi.co.uk www.duttonbugatti.co.uk Library: Vincent, Rene (1871-1936) \/ (ftl). 327 Alamy Images: Phil Talbot Beaulieu National Motor Museum, Tuckett Brothers, North Marston, (ftl, fbr). Corbis: Staff \/ epa (fcl). Brockenhurst, Hampshire, UK: Buckinghamshire, UK: Private Collection \/ Archives Charmet \/ 328 Art Tech Picture Agency: (ftr). www.beaulieu.co.uk www.tuckettbrothers.co.uk The Bridgeman Art Library (cra). (c): 329 LAT Photographic: (fcr). Giles Brands Hatch Morgans, Borough Aventure Peugeot. Giles Chapman Chapman Library: (ftl, fclb). Green, Kent, UK: www.morgan-cars.com Dorling Kindersley would also like Library: (fbl). 275 LAT Photographic: 332 Giles Chapman Library: (ftl). Chris Williams, The DeLorean Owners to thank Editor-in-chief Giles (c). Giles Chapman Library: (tl, ftl). 336 LAT Photographic: Steven Tee Club UK: www.deloreans.co.uk Chapman for his unstinting support 276 Art Tech Picture Agency. (c). 340 Alamy Images: Transtock Inc. Chrysler UK, Slough, Berkshire, UK: throughout the making of this book. Louwman Museum: (cla). 277 Art (fcrb); Drive Images (fbl). Ford Motor www.chrysler.co.uk Tech Picture Agency: (c, bc). Giles Company Limited: (bc). Giles Claremont Corvette, Snodland, Kent, Giles Chapman is an award-winning Chapman Library. 278 Corbis: Ron Chapman Library: (ca, fclb). UK: www.corvette.co.uk writer and commentator on the industry, Perry \/ Transtock (c). 279 Corbis: Ron Motoring Picture Library \/ National Colin Spong history, and culture of cars. A former Perry \/ Transtock (bl). 282 Getty Images: Motor Museum: (fcla). 341 Alamy DK Engineering, Chorleywood, editor of Classic & Sports Car, the world\u2019s Pete Seaward (ftl). 286 Corbis: The Images: Drive Images (fcra). Corbis: Hertfordshire, UK: www.dkeng.co.uk best-selling classic car magazine, he has Bettmann Archive (fbl). Getty Images: Car Culture (cla). LAT Photographic: Eagle E-Types, East Sussex, UK: written over 15 books, including Peter Macdiarmid (cl). Giles Chapman (ca). Giles Chapman Library. Nissan www.eaglegb.com Chapman\u2019s Car Compendium and DK\u2019s Library: (ftl). 287 Art Tech Picture Motor Company: (tr). 344 Bertone: Gilbert and Anna East Illustrated Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Agency. Louwman Museum: (ftl). (bc). Ford Motor Company Limited: Haynes International Motor Automobiles, and has edited or Giles Chapman Library: (fbr). (fcla). Giles Chapman Library: (cra). Museum, Yeovil, Somerset, UK: contributed to many more besides. Motoring Picture Library \/ National 345 Giles Chapman Library. www.haynesmotormuseum.com Motor Museum: (c). 288 Art Tech 347 Mazda Motors UK Ltd: (ftr) Heritage Motoring Club of India Picture Agency: (tc). 290 Renault (HMCI), New Delhi, India: Communication: (c). 292 Art Tech All other images \u00a9 Dorling Kindersley Mr. HW Bhatnagar, Mr. Avinash Picture Agency: (fbl). Giles Chapman For further information see: Grehwal, Mr. SB Jatti, Mr. Ashok Library. 293 Art Tech Picture Agency: www.dkimages.com Kaicker, Mr. Sandeep Katari, Mr. Ranjit (ca, ftl, fcra, fcr). Giles Chapman Malik, Mr. Bahadur Singh, Mr. Navinder Library: (tc, fcl, bl, cb). 294 LAT Chapter Opener images: Singh, Mr. Harshpati Singhania, Photographic: (fcla). Giles Chapman 8-9 Napier 7-passenger Touring Mr. Diljeet Titus Library: (cra, c, fbl). 295 Alamy 36-37 Bugatti T35B www.hmci.org Images: Phil Talbot (ftl). Art Tech 72-73 Wanderer W25K Honda Institute, Slough, Berkshire, Picture Agency. Giles Chapman 104-105 Chrysler Town and Country UK: www.honda.co.uk Library. 296 Giles Chapman Library: 134-135 Oldsmobile F-88 Concept Jaguar Daimler Heritage Trust, (fbl). 298 Corbis: Raymond Reuter \/ 176-177 Ford Mustang Coventry, Warwickshire, UK: Sygma (cl). Giles Chapman Library. 208-209 Citro\u00ebn DS21 Convertible www.jdht.com 299 The Advertising Archives: (c). 240-241 Lamborghini Countach 25th John Mould Giles Chapman Library: (fbr). Anniversary P & A Wood, Rolls Royce and Bentley 300 Art Tech Picture Agency: (cr). 278-279 Mitsubishi SST Heritage Dealers, Dunmow, Essex, UK: Giles Chapman Library: (c, fcla). 308-309 Mini Cooper www.pa-wood.co.uk Orphan Work: (fcl). 301 Art Tech Picture Agency: (cra, fcl, ftr). Giles"]