Đời sống bí ẩn của cây-min

["khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i trong r\u1eebng, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, dung t\u00edch ph\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 co d\u00e3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, trong khi m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n n\u01a1i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ch\u1eb3ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phytoncide c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t l\u00ean h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y gi\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t ly c\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1eddi tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch \u0111i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb khai ph\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh gh\u00e9 th\u0103m m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 c\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u00f4n b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tim h\u1ecd nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u1edf nh\u00e0. N\u1ebfu thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua c\u00e1c r\u1eebng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng \u2013 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng n\u00e0y \u1edf Trung \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng, do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt h\u01a1n \u2013 th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng d\u1ebb gai c\u1ed5, c\u00e1c \u201cti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o\u201d \u00edt h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ong \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u0169i. T\u00f4i \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng. T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eed xem sao? Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u oxy. Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng khi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y h\u00e8, \u1edf m\u1ed7i d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng r\u1eebng, c\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kho\u1ea3ng 29 t\u1ea5n oxy v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00edt g\u1ea7n hai pound (0,907 kg) oxy m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc trong r\u1eebng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eafm t\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f2i phun oxy v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y th\u00f4i. C\u00e2y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn carbohydrate kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o g\u1ed7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e2y d\u00f9ng carbohydrate nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, y nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang","ta v\u1eady, v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt. V\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00ec sau khi c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111i th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy d\u01b0 ra nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng quang h\u1ee3p, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt. Th\u1ef1c ra, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e2y l\u00e0m l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng carbonhydrate, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng lo, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft ng\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam! Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n kh\u1eafp r\u1eebng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u00e0o nhau, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat kh\u00ed oxy g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd. V\u1eady c\u00e2y th\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u201cph\u1ed5i\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 kim hay l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e3nh h\u1eb9p \u1edf m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng t\u00ed hon. C\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng khe h\u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edf ra oxy v\u00e0 h\u00edt v\u00e0o cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt. V\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, khi c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng quang h\u1ee3p, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb l\u00e1, xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y c\u0169ng th\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu r\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7m ch\u1eebng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f2n m\u1ecdc th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00edt, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n oxy. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh th\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ecb n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng t\u00fai kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf trong \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t. R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft ng\u1ea1t, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u1ebd ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh. Tuy v\u1eady, h\u00e3y quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1edf v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh c\u00e2y m\u1edbi th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. Trong l\u00e1, trong g\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111ang th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa kh\u00e1c, vi sinh v\u1eadt, n\u1ea5m, v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n \u201cch\u00e8 ch\u00e9n\u201d \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u00eam, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi","th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3i ra ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y, m\u1ee9c oxy v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp, trong khi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn vui v\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong \u0111\u1ee3t s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng s\u00e2u qu\u00e1 hai inch (5,08 cm). Th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eebng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nguy hi\u1ec3m \u00e0? Th\u1ee9 c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, th\u1ee9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t v\u00e0o l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3o s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn oxy s\u1ee7i kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng quanh n\u0103m. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t oxy \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng Trung \u00c2u v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00edt m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i th\u1eadt d\u00e0i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m d\u1ebb gai hay v\u00e2n sam b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 trong tuy\u1ebft. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd suy ngh\u0129 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta cung c\u1ea5p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho ch\u00fang v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 su\u1ed1t ban ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n? Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n v\u1eady, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ng\u1ee7 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1981, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Gartenamt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u1ef9 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 do c\u00e2y c\u1ee9 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00eam. V\u1eady c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e0i th\u00ec sao? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00fd b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch r\u1eebng r\u1eadm. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 22 \u201cNg\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i v\u00e0 d\u1ebb gai non v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o ch\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5. Trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch \u1ea5m c\u00fang, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y non n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1edbn l\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ng\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u2013 v\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u2013 ch\u1ebft \u0111i. Gi\u1edd","th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo g\u00ec cho l\u1eafm, v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p, th\u00ec hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 v\u1eabn m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i l\u00e1 m\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua \u01b0? T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eaft \u0111i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt c\u00f3 ai trong ch\u00fang ta s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu (kho\u1ea3ng 70 \u0111\u1ed9 Fahrenheit = 21,111\u00b0C) v\u00e0 \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1eafng \u1ea5m \u00e1p \u2013 th\u1ee9 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f9a h\u00e8 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o b\u00ean trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y r\u1eebng n\u00e0o \u1edf Trung \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.","\u20143\u26054\u2014 V\u00cc SAO R\u1eeaNG L\u1ea0I XANH? V\u00ec sao ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt? \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 do l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, do v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong c\u00e2y. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hay. T\u00f4i y\u00eau t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi lam r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 tr\u00ean v\u00f2m l\u00e1 l\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1i. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh y\u00ean nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u s\u1eafc mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u01b0 th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra. C\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0: \u201cKh\u00f4ng \u00edt th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u\u201d. D\u1ebb gai, v\u00e2n sam, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi thi\u00ean thanh \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n hay c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1t d\u00e0o g\u00ec, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd ra hi\u1ec7u \u201cTi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn m\u1edf m\u00e0n r\u1ed3i\u201d. V\u00ec b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 quang h\u1ee3p. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m. M\u00e0u xanh lam ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e2y no c\u0103ng khi ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, cellulose v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t carbonhydrate kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta","ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: V\u00ec sao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1eady? \u00c1nh n\u1eafng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0 khi b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00fd xung quanh ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quang c\u1ea3nh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tinh khi\u1ebft quang h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00ec m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i h\u1ea5p thu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu. V\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, th\u00ec m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 xanh l\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e1 c\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p thu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng? Ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c gi\u00fap l\u00e1 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2y x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch si\u00eau hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u2013 v\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i om. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n quang ph\u1ed5 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y, n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecf \u0111i \u2013 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb c\u00e2y lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1eb9p v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta; v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y. Th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi \u00e0? Li\u1ec7u c\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eady v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0: Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai v\u00e0 v\u00e2n sam \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i s\u1ebd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi xanh h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u1eady. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c: b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u00e1nh n\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng, th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1i om su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y khi \u0111i d\u1ea1o trong r\u1eebng. Song v\u1eabn hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5y. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1ecb t\u00e1n r\u1eebng l\u1ecdc \u0111i m\u1ea5t \u2013 v\u00ed","d\u1ee5, r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u00e0u lam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua \u2013 nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c \u201cr\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi\u201d th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1ecdt xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ee5c d\u00ecu d\u1ecbu \u2013 th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0 th\u00e1i cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u00edch l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y to. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u00f3 l\u1eafm v\u00ec, theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e1 n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u00e1 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u2013 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n d\u1ea5y l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u. C\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u1ed3ng. (Trong ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Blutbuche, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ebb gai m\u00e1u\u201d \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u00edch n\u00f3 h\u01a1n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o). Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfc cho c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5y, v\u00ec v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i. M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 non \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay pha ch\u00fat m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 m\u1ecfng manh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t anthocyanin, th\u1ee9 ch\u1eb7n tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf. Khi l\u00e1 l\u1edbn l\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t anthocyanin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i enzym. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y phong l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi chu\u1ea9n t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i enzym \u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u lam tr\u00ean quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 quang h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quang h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 l\u00e1 m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i y\u00eau b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u \u201cr\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u00e1u v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a","ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u00e2y l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u00e0i g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u00e0i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p n\u0103m l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ra l\u00e1 hay m\u1ecdc ch\u1ed3i m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh khi\u1ebfn r\u1eebng r\u1eadm d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 ti\u1ebfng t\u00e1n l\u00e1 s\u1ed9t so\u1ea1t trong gi\u00f3, ti\u1ebfng c\u1ecdt k\u1eb9t khi c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i nghi\u00eang tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea3 sau \u2013 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111u \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 d\u00f9 trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec v\u1eabn g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu cho c\u00e2y. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay xem c\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u00e2y di\u1ec5n ra nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u2013 \u201cm\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y\u201d n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u2013 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb r\u1ec5 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba inch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (0,8466 cm\/gi\u00e2y). Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m vi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c b\u00ean trong r\u1eebng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi gi\u00e1c quan n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Trung \u00c2u th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt ng\u1ed1c ngh\u1ebfch v\u00e0 th\u1eadt ngh\u00e8o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i khi ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c si\u00eau t\u00ed hon, khu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch gh\u00e9 th\u0103m r\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chim ch\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh quanh nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u1ebb gai c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd \u00edt nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng","chim h\u00f3t v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea5y \u1edf khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 chim s\u1ebb ng\u00f4, chim s\u1ebb n\u00fai, chim ho\u00e9t \u0111en v\u00e0 chim c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecf nhanh ch\u00f3ng quen m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bu\u1ed3n nh\u1ea3y hay bay \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0i yard khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u01b0\u1edbm \u1edf trong r\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u x\u00e1m, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u00e0o v\u1ecf c\u00e2y khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eadu l\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, trong khi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa b\u01b0\u1edbm bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng l\u1ea1i tranh nhau x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1eafc m\u00e0u \u00f3ng \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn s\u00f3t ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u01a1i r\u1eebng r\u1eadm h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i r\u00eau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ed x\u00edu, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba y. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng quang \u0111\u00e3ng quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 h\u01a1n bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. Mao \u0111\u1ecba ho\u00e0ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u01b0\u01a1n cao l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 6 feet (182,88 cm), c\u00fac d\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, l\u01b0u ly m\u00e0u thi\u00ean thanh \u2013 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby \u0111\u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui s\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u1eb3ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng khi b\u00e3o t\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t quang c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng gian tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u00f3t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn r\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i \u1ea5y \u2013 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y vui nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea1c tri\u1ec7u khi sung s\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, th\u00ec h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m vi sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi l\u1ea1i \u0111ang ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Sinh Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00c1o, v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gia t\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 phong ph\u00fa ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eebng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.","\u20143\u26055\u2014 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T \u1ede th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y, khao kh\u00e1t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb khai ph\u00e1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u1ede V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cv\u00f9ng r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1600. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai n\u1eb1m trong kh\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3, do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc. T\u1ea1i \u00dac, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cr\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh\u201d gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, nh\u01b0ng khi l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Adirondack v\u00e0 Catskill \u1edf bang New York, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng. Theo hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p bang, khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u201cs\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng r\u1eadm hoang d\u00e3\u201d, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cb\u00e1n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y\u201d c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u1ed7. \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c hoang d\u00e3 trong nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00e0y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, xe c\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, v\u00e0 c\u01b0a m\u00e1y th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00f3i l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00eanh Erie c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e3","tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c du kh\u00e1ch \u201cch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec\u201d khi h\u1ecd \u0111i qua. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n xa x\u00f4i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 R\u1eebng M\u01b0a G\u1ea5u L\u1edbn t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc British Columbia, bao ph\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n 25.000 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng (64749,7 km?) d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1eebng, g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 8.900 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng (23050,89 km) r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh. Ch\u1ed7 r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i g\u1ea5u th\u1ea7n linh qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, lo\u00e0i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea5u B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u1ea5u \u0111en c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng. Th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng Hai n\u0103m 2016, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1eef 85 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m r\u1eebng kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf 15 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e2y \u2013 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh Marilyn Slett, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Li\u00ean Minh C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 T\u1ed9c Da \u0110\u1ecf V\u00f9ng Duy\u00ean H\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng r\u1eadm: \u201cC\u00e1c t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc... N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c (ch\u00fang], ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u201d. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Kichwa s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Sarayaku, Ecuador, xem r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n vui s\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d. T\u1ea1i Trung \u00c2u d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh v\u1ed7 c\u00e1nh bay cao \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb khai ph\u00e1 n\u00e0o c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i, ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i r\u00ecu, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha ch\u00fang ta \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y b\u1edfi n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e2y l\u1edbn n\u1eb1m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng","nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u1eebng r\u1eadm \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tranh c\u00e3i li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1eebng hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m r\u1eebng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0o mai sau. Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nghe ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec to t\u00e1t, v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng m\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ec9 hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m r\u1eebng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1eabn h\u01a1n 770 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng (190271,143 km). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u2013 n\u01a1i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean \u201cb\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u201d. V\u00ec thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o, th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb khai ph\u00e1 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb c\u1eaft m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n. T\u00f4i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra quanh ch\u1ed7 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c trong r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m s\u1ed3i, d\u1ebb gai v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00fa l\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft ch\u00fang \u0111i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00e2y non cao kho\u1ea3ng 6 feet (1,83 m), v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t sau t\u00e1n l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c r\u1eebng r\u1eadm c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c2u, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e2n sam v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh","g\u1ea1 g \u1ea1 m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n sinh th\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. R\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c canh. Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u0169 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u0169 b\u1ecd v\u1ecf c\u00e2y t\u00ed hon, lo\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh s\u00f4i v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng theo c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 \u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ebft do l\u0169 b\u1ecd ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a l\u0169 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng lan nhanh nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i sau l\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y xanh x\u00e1m. Khung c\u1ea3nh \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u01b0a t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ec9 m\u00e1u, v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u00edch d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng tranh c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng khung c\u1ea3nh hoang t\u00e0n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi s\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd \u0111ang mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i d\u1ea1o \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh, v\u00e0 thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng xanh kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i R\u1eebng Qu\u1ed1c Gia Bavarian, h\u01a1n 20 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng (51,799762 km) r\u1eebng v\u00e2n sam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, tr\u1ecdc l\u1ed1c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng than phi\u1ec1n \u1ea7m \u0129 v\u00e0 b\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u01b0a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3","\u0111\u1ed1n h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd v\u1ecf c\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec v\u00e2n sam v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee1 cho r\u1eebng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 th\u1ee9 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi ch\u00fang ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2013 kh\u00f4ng con h\u01b0\u01a1u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng qua r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i, m\u1eadn m\u01a1, v\u00e0 d\u1ebb gai b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1eb7m m\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, khi nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u1ee5c r\u1eefa, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y non \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u0169 nh\u1ecf, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, cho ch\u00fang \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e2y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbn l\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1\u201d. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 phi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y gieo \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi \u0111i, v\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u00e2n sam, th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh sam Douglas l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ebb gai, s\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh sam b\u1ea1c. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea5t ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 c\u1ea3, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u201cth\u1ea5t s\u1ee7ng\u201d b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i, th\u00ec khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 nhanh, v\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd \u2013 v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 sau \u2013 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e1m c\u00e2y l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n s\u1ebd ra \u0111i khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc qua kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01a1 ra \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 \u2013 th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd nh\u1ed5 b\u1eadt r\u1ec5 ch\u00fang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn. Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c","b\u1edfi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 th\u1ee9 hai \u2013 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2m r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p l\u00e1 do cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 huynh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c con ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea7m ch\u1eadm. M\u1ed9t khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y non n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1ea5t n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c r\u1eebng c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u2013 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang th\u00eam \u00edt th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa (theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y) v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. N\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u1ed1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y mai ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1eebng ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00ean hoa d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, do v\u1eady m\u00e0u n\u00e2u (t\u1eeb l\u00e1 gi\u00e0) ph\u1ee7 kh\u1eafp n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang du\u1ed7i th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 trong th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec c\u00e2y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. C\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i gai r\u1ed1i b\u00f9 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n tr\u1edf","gg g \u1ee5g g nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Khi c\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1n h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt n\u1eefa. C\u1ea3 khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft to l\u1edbn n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u00ec c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ecd, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3. R\u1ea5t \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n. V\u1eady c\u00f2n an to\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec sao? Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y gi\u00e0? C\u00e0nh c\u00e2y r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y ng\u00e3 ngang l\u00ean l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1ed9, nh\u00e0 kho hay nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111ang \u0111\u1eadu? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed1i nguy trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. H\u01a1n 90 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n thi\u1ebfu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c 60 d\u1eb7m m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd (96,56 km\/gi\u1edd). T\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o khu r\u1eebng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u00fd l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0: H\u00e3y c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u01a1i hoang d\u00e3 b\u1ea1o d\u1ea1n h\u01a1n!","\u20143\u26056\u2014 KH\u00d4NG CH\u1ec8 L\u00c0 H\u00c0NG H\u00d3A N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chung c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 quan t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn kh\u00e1c; tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n cho ch\u00fang. \u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt theo lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 TIerVerbG) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ecbt ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh n\u00ean mua th\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. T\u00f4i hoan ngh\u00eanh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00ec gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa \u2013 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf California \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9ng m\u01a1. Th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi l\u0169 ru\u1ed3i \u01b0? Nghe kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i r\u1eebng r\u1eadm th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nghe c\u00f2n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u01a1n. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa ru\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o, ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang quan t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng","h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111ang tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Khi nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 trong l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi n\u1ed5 l\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch vui tai, th\u00ec x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i \u0111ang ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong l\u1eeda. Gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea7m tr\u00ean tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1ecf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u00e2n sam, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1n h\u1ea1 (n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft) c\u0169ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf nghe h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nh\u1ec9? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1eady. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn gi\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ta s\u1ebd r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n. Th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u2013 li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tha cho c\u00e2y kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb khai ph\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. V\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t d\u0103m ba c\u00e2y trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gi\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng bao ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. Trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0y (ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Plenterw\u00e4lder), c\u00e2y","gg g y g g\u1ecd y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di d\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ef1a. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. G\u1ed7 r\u1eebng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i day d\u1ee9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, 95 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Trung \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi tr\u00ean, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c canh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u00ednh l\u00edu nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 K\u00f6nigsdorf \u201cth\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi r\u1eebng\u201d g\u1ea7n Cologne, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trung gian v\u1edbi s\u1edf l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 cao tu\u1ed5i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1n h\u1ea1. B\u00ean kia \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1edf Virginia, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn Ch\u1eefa L\u00e0nh R\u1eebng B\u1ecb Khai Th\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n khi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1ef1a, la, b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 di d\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 c\u00e2y \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt khi thu ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ed7, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe nh\u1ea5t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u1ea7n l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.\u201d V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u1eaft l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a hoa d\u1ecdc theo cao t\u1ed1c \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn","kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn hay. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i hoan ngh\u00eanh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Khi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ed7 hay nh\u00e0 kho ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt \u2013 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi r\u1eebng. Th\u1ef1c ra, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 r\u1eebng r\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u2013 th\u1ee9, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng r\u1eadm. T\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng \u1edf K\u00f6nigsdorf \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc trong r\u1eebng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kinh ng\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0110\u1ea7y \u1eafp s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n lo\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng \u0111an xen v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau. V\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng r\u1eadm quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 b\u1edfi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Katsuhiko Matsunaga, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hokkaido, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u1ebd l\u1ecdc axit ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1edd v\u1eady k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. C\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1edd r\u1eebng \u00e0? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i h\u00e0u.","Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u nho nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y xanh, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, ngay tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn phi\u00eau l\u01b0u s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. V\u00e0 ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5y, khi l\u1ea7n t\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111i d\u1ea1o trong r\u1eebng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bay cao. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2u!","L\u1edcI C\u1ea2M \u01a0N T\u00f4i xem vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0, v\u00ec t\u00f4i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, suy ngh\u0129, quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ee3 t\u00f4i, Miriam, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng t\u00f4i m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 n\u00e0y khi c\u00f4 \u1ea5y ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn tham gia nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang ngh\u0129, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm xu\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00ean ch\u1ee7 thu\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u00fcmmel, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khu r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p \u2013 l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i th\u00edch \u0111i lang thang v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ludwig, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u2013 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang.","NH\u1eeeNG T\u00caN G\u1eccI \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C D\u00d9NG TRONG S\u00c1CH B\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng (beetle) B\u1ed5 c\u1ee7i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecf (blood-necked click beetle) B\u1ecd da ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (European hermit beetle) B\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en (black-headed cardinal beetle) B\u1ecd \u0111u\u00f4i b\u1eadt (springtail) B\u1ecd khoan g\u1ed7 (woodboring beetle) B\u1ecd r\u00f9a (ladybug) B\u00f2 r\u1eebng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (auroch) B\u1ecd s\u1eebng d\u00e0i ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Asian long-horned beetle) Bo ve (beetle mite) B\u1ecd v\u1ecf c\u00e2y (bark beetle) B\u1ecd v\u1eebng (stag beetle) C\u00e1 heo (porpoise) C\u00e2y anh \u0111\u00e0o d\u1ea1i (wild cherry) C\u00e2y anh \u0111\u00e0o \u0111en (black cherry) C\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng (birch, silver birch) C\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ee5i B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c (Arctic shrubby birch) C\u00e2y b\u1ee5t m\u1ecdc (bald cypress) C\u00e2y c\u1ecf gan (liverwort)","C\u00e2y c\u1ecf m\u00ec nh\u1ecf (small cow-wheat) C\u00e2y c\u01a1m ch\u00e1y (elder) C\u00e2y c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed c\u1ee7 (Japanese knotweed) C\u00e2y c\u00fac d\u1ea1i (ragwort) C\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng d\u1ea1i (wild rhubard) C\u00e2y d\u1ebb (chestnut) C\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u1ed3ng (copper beech) C\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai l\u00e1 l\u1edbn (large-leaved beeche) C\u00e2y \u0111o\u1ea1n (linden) C\u00e2y du (elm) C\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng (poplar) C\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en (black poplar) C\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1 rung (quaking aspen) C\u00e2y keo gai d\u00f9 (umbrella thorn acacia) C\u00e2y kim ng\u00e2n (honeysuckle) C\u00e2y l\u00e3nh sam b\u1ea1c (silver fir) C\u00e2y l\u00e3nh sam Douglas (Douglas fir) C\u00e2y l\u00e3nh sam l\u1edbn (grand fir) C\u00e2y li\u1ec5u (willow) C\u00e2y li\u1ec5u t\u01a1 (pussy willo) C\u00e2y l\u01b0u ly (forget-me-not) C\u00e2y m\u1eadn gai (blackthorn) C\u00e2y m\u1eadn m\u01a1 (bird cherry) C\u00e2y mao \u0111\u1ecba ho\u00e0ng (foxglove)","C\u00e2y ng\u00f2 t\u00e2y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (wild parsnip) C\u00e2y nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng (pinesap) C\u00e2y ph\u1ec9 (hazel) C\u00e2y phong (maple) C\u00e2y phong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (sugar maple) C\u00e2y phong qu\u1ef3 (wood anemone) C\u00e2y s\u1ed3i b\u1ea7n (cork oak) C\u00e2y t\u1ea7m g\u1eedi (mistletoe) C\u00e2y t\u1ea7m ma (nettle) C\u00e2y t\u1ea7n b\u00ec (ash) C\u00e2y th\u1ea1ch nam (heather) C\u00e2y thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e0 (mountain ash) C\u00e2y thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e0 d\u1ea1i (wild service tree) C\u00e2y thanh t\u00f9ng (yew) C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng Jack (Jackpine) C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng l\u00e1 d\u00e0i (longleaf pine) C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng Ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 (larch) C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Japanese larch) C\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u00e2n (ivy) C\u00e2y th\u1ee7y sam (dawn redwood) C\u00e2y ti\u00eau huy\u1ec1n (plane tree) C\u00e2y t\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n s\u1ee7 (alder) C\u00e2y tr\u0103n (hornbeam) C\u00e2y v\u00e2n sam (spruce)","Chim b\u1eaft ve (oxpecker) Chim b\u1ed5 h\u1ea1t (nutcracker) Chim c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecf (robin) Chim g\u00e1y tr\u1eafng (Eurasian collared dove) Chim gi\u1ebb c\u00f9i (jay) Chim g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn \u0111en (black woodpecker) Chim g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ecf (great spotted woodpecker) Chim h\u1ea1c (stork) Chim ho\u00e9t (thrush) Chim ho\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1m (fieldfare) Chim ho\u00e9t \u0111en (blackbird) Chim s\u1ebb kh\u01b0\u1edbu (chaffinch) Chim s\u1ebb ng\u00f4 (tit) Chim s\u1ebb n\u00fai (chickadee) Chim tr\u00e8o c\u00e2y (nuthatch) Chu\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 v\u00e0ng (yellow-necked mouse) Chu\u1ed9t s\u00f3c (dormice) C\u00fa (owl) C\u00fa l\u00f4ng hung (tawny owl) Dia y (lichen) Doi (bat) \u00c9n nh\u1ea1n (martin) G\u1ea5u th\u1ea7n linh (Spirit bear) G\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecf (redwood)","Ki\u1ebfn g\u1ed7 (wood ant) Ki\u1ebfn g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecf (red wood ants) Ki\u1ebfn r\u1eebng (forest ant) Li\u00ean Minh C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 T\u1ed9c Da \u0110\u1ecf V\u00f9ng Duy\u00ean H\u1ea3i (Coastal First Nations) Lo\u00e0i b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Himalaya (Himalayan balsam) Mat bui (dust mite) M\u1ecdt g\u1ed7 (woodboring beetle) M\u1ecdt l\u00e1 d\u1ebb gai (beech leaf-mining weevil) Mu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh (gall midge) N\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh \u1edf t\u1ea7n b\u00ec (ash dieback fungus) N\u1ea5m m\u1eadt (honey fungus mushroom) N\u1ea5m m\u1ed3ng g\u00e0 (chanterelle) N\u1ea5m m\u0169 s\u1eefa s\u1ed3i (oak milkcap) N\u1ea5m ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n (bracket fungus) N\u00e1m \u1ed1ng (bolete) N\u1ea5m r\u1ec5 c\u1ed9ng sinh (mycorrhizal fingi) N\u1ea5m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecf (red belt conk) N\u1ea5m th\u00f4ng (porcini) N\u1ea5m x\u00e9p (c\u00e8pe) Ng\u00e0i (moth) Ng\u00e0i \u0111o th\u00f4ng (pine looper) Ng\u00e0i n\u1eef tu (nun moth)","Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed3i di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh (oak processionary) \u1ed0c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt (freshwater snail) Ong c\u1eafn l\u00e1 kim (Conifer sawfly) Qu\u1ef9 C\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng V\u1eadt Hoang D\u00e3 M\u1ef9 (National Fish and Wildlife Foundation) R\u1eadn c\u00e2y (plant louse) R\u1ec7p d\u1ebb gai l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn (woolly beech aphid)) R\u1ec7p h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y (greenfly) R\u1ec7p h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a nh\u00e1nh con (balsam twig aphid) R\u1ec7p v\u1ea3y (scale) R\u1ec7p v\u1ea3y l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebb gai (woolly beech scale) R\u1ec7p v\u00f9ng (aphid) R\u1ec7p xanh v\u00e2n sam (green spruce aphid) R\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1eddn (pseudocentipedes) R\u1eebng Mura Gau L\u00f3n (Great Bear Rainforest) Rimg Qu\u1ed1c Gia Bavarian (Bavarian National Forest) Ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3 ong (bumblebee hoverfly) Ru\u1ed3i v\u1ecf c\u00e2y (bark fly) S\u00e2u cu\u1ed1n l\u00e1 s\u1ed3i (oak leaf roller caterpillar) S\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf m\u1ecf ch\u00e9o (red crossbill) T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn Ch\u1eefa L\u00e0nh R\u1eebng B\u1ecb Khai Th\u00e1c (Healing Harvest Forest Foundation) T\u00f2 v\u00f2 (wasp)","p T\u00f4m h\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea5t (crawfish) Ve b\u00e9t (mite) Ve gi\u00e1p (oribatid) Vi\u1ec7t qu\u1ea5t xanh (blueberry)","CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH \u21a9\ufe0f\u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: wood wide web \u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: conifers. C\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u21a9\ufe0fth\u00e2n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n. \u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: deciduous trees. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u21a9\ufe0flo\u00e0i c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft l\u00e1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong n\u0103m (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu). \u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: Spruce & Co. . \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef v\u00ec Spruce & \u21a9\ufe0fCo. c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty chuy\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec7 sinh. \u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: tree line. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e2n chia v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p (b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2y r\u1eebng, v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng cao (b\u00ean tr\u00ean) \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u21a9\ufe0fph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc n\u1eefa (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c do thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng). \u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: sandman. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 d\u00e2n gian \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Th\u1ea7n 1 ng\u1ee7 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1ee7 say v\u00e0 m\u1ed9ng \u21a9\ufe0f\u0111\u1eb9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u1eafc c\u00e1t ma thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u21a9\ufe0f\u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: Let there be light. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u21a9\ufe0f\u2764 V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hay r\u1eafc mu\u1ed1i l\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan b\u0103ng. \u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: interglacial. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1ea5m h\u01a1n l\u00e0m tan b\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u21a9\ufe0fx\u1ea3y ra xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 b\u0103ng h\u00e0. \u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: conquistador. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m,","\u21a9\ufe0fkhai ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. \u2764 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p. Achilles l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Thetis v\u1edbi vua Peleus \u2013 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n. Khi v\u1eeba sinh ch\u00e0ng xong, Thetis \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm c\u1ed5 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e0ng d\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng Styx \u2013 con s\u00f4ng v\u1ea1ch ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. Tuy v\u1eady, b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean nh\u00fang ch\u1ed7 g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n con, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Achilles. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Troy, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Paris \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn \u21a9\ufe0fm\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean xuy\u00ean g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n Achilles v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ch\u00e0ng. \u2764 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c trong casino, t\u00ean \u201cRoulette\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e1nh xe nh\u1ecf\u201d. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a tr\u00f2n xoay gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u21a9\ufe0fb\u00e1nh xe, r\u00eca \u0111\u0129a ghi nhi\u1ec1u con s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau \u2764 Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: Moccasin, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e0y m\u1ecdi, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed \u21a9\ufe0fd\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf, th\u1ee3 s\u0103n... \u21a9\ufe0f\u2764 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n Caspi. \u2764 Tuy trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, dolphin v\u00e0 porpoise \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1 heo, nh\u01b0ng dolphin v\u00e0 porpoise c\u00f3 v\u00e0i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, nh\u01b0ng dolphin l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 heo ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y (m\u1ecf nh\u1ecdn d\u00e0i, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh thon nh\u1ecf, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i l\u00e0m xi\u1ebfc). C\u00f2n porpoise th\u00ec \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ecf ng\u1eafn s\u00e1t, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh m\u1eadp tr\u00f2n, t\u00ednh \u21a9\ufe0ft\u00ecnh e th\u1eb9n, \u00edt g\u1ea7n g\u0169i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i l\u00e0m xi\u1ebfc."]