Đời sống bí ẩn của cây-min

["y g\u1ecb g c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ebb gai nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111i? Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c xung quanh nh\u01b0 s\u1ed3i, phong, t\u1ea7n b\u00ec, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3nh sam \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u1ebb gai k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh? T\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. V\u00ec n\u1ea5m c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy s\u1ee5p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3 khu r\u1eebng. N\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e2y k\u00fd ch\u1ee7 d\u00f9 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 n\u1ea5m Laccaria bicolor, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ebb l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t song s\u1eafc\u201d. Khi thi\u1ebfu nit\u01a1, n\u1ea5m Laccaria bicolor ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon nh\u01b0 b\u1ecd \u0111u\u00f4i b\u1eadt t\u1eed vong, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nit\u01a1 b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, bu\u1ed9c b\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y l\u1eabn n\u1ea5m. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ea1n b\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y; tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0169 chim g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ecd v\u1ecf c\u00e2y t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e2n sam, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m. L\u0169 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng t\u00ed hon n\u00e0y t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u00e2y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c mau ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eb7m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea7ng sinh g\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t con chim g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ecf ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u0169 b\u1ecd, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con chim b\u1eaft ve tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng h\u00e0 m\u00e3, chim g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd leo l\u00ean leo xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng con \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u00e9o m\u00fap ph\u00e0m \u0103n. Chim s\u1ebd m\u1ed5 ch\u00fang ra (m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bu\u1ed3n ngh\u0129 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y), khi\u1ebfn t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng g\u1ed7 bay kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap v\u00e2n","sam kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00ec gi\u1edd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n con b\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u00e0o n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 bay lung tung n\u1eefa. Chim g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e2y b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed3i kh\u1ecfi l\u0169 m\u1ecdt g\u1ed7 \u2013 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 do h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a chim \u0111em l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ecdt g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111ang kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, v\u00ec c\u00e2y l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 l\u0169 b\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap c\u00e2y. \u1ede th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, b\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd d\u1ecbch ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a r\u1ec7p r\u1eebng v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ecd non l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n l\u0169 b\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e0y v\u00ec nh\u1edd ch\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u0169 b\u1ecd: M\u1ed9t khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0103n s\u1ea1ch, l\u0169 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng s\u1ebd quay sang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i.","\u20141\u26050\u2014 B\u00cd \u1ea8N C\u1ee6A VI\u1ec6C CHUY\u1ec2N N\u01af\u1edaC L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u00e2y? Theo t\u00f4i, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng. V\u00ec vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u2013 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xem li\u1ec7u c\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch c\u00e2y giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau \u2013 v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00fat th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, n\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 s\u00e0i trong h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn vui v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn: hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng l\u00fac d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u00f4 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi m\u00e9p c\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y ra do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. V\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a c\u00e0ng h\u1eb9p th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00e0ng d\u00e2ng cao ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng gi\u00fap v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p: b\u1ec1 ngang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 0,02 inch (0,508 mm). Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y cao h\u01a1n 300 feet (91,44 m). Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean cao nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 3 feet (0,9144 m).","\u00c0, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c: s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a \u1ea5m trong n\u0103m, l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e1 kim tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u201cth\u1edf\u201d h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ra. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u201cth\u1edf\u201d ra \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m gallon n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c \u201cth\u1edf\u201d ra n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ef1c h\u00fat k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed3n cung n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u00ean trong c\u00e2y. L\u1ef1c h\u00fat lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. L\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhau, n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i m\u1eaft x\u00edch, v\u00e0 ngay khi c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean l\u00e1 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u00e9o nhau nh\u00edch cao h\u01a1n th\u00e2n c\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. V\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u s\u1ebd tham gia cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i. Khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n xuy\u00ean qua th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea3 hai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 nhau. V\u00e0 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y sang t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u1eadn t\u00e1n l\u00e1, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. \u1eeam. Khi b\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e1 bung m\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong n\u0103m, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eafn l\u00ean trong th\u00e2n v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng nghe v\u00e0o c\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. \u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Canada, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch xi r\u00f4 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y phong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 lo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ef1a ngay khi tuy\u1ebft v\u1eeba tan. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y y\u00eau th\u00edch n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu s\u1edbm h\u01a1n th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 feet (0,9144 m) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u0103ng tr\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. V\u00ec x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf","r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u00e1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf th\u00e2n \u2013 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u00e0i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bern; Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u R\u1eebng, Tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh Quang Li\u00ean Bang Th\u1ee5y S\u0129; v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Li\u00ean Bang Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 t\u1ea1i Zurich) \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng nghe g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n \u2013 theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en. H\u1ecd ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng r\u00f3c r\u00e1ch nho nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong c\u00e2y. H\u01a1n h\u1ebft, ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong ng\u00e0y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eef trong th\u00e2n, v\u00ec t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 quang h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2y t\u1ef1 b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef y\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n. Th\u1ebf \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdt cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt (CO,) t\u00ed hon trong nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn h\u1eb9p ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ecdt trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t \u00edt cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o \u0111i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 th\u00edch th\u00fa nh\u01b0 nhau hay sao?","\u20141\u26051\u2014 C\u00c2Y GI\u00c0 \u0110I TH\u1eacT DUY\u00caN D\u00c1NG Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n r\u1ebd sang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0n da. C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0n da? \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0n da l\u00e0 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i ra ngo\u00e0i. V\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed c\u00f9ng h\u01a1i \u1ea9m. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lan truy\u1ec1n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu khi\u1ebfn n\u1ea3y sinh mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, hay \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. Th\u1eadt phi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3i m\u00e3i m\u00e0 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n ch\u00f9ng xu\u1ed1ng khi ch\u00fang ta gi\u00e0 \u0111i. N\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 \u201c\u0110o\u00e1n xem ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i\u201d, v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam hay b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1eadt. Nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh da c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu g\u00ec. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f3c kho\u1ea3ng 0,05 ounce (1,417 gram) t\u1ebf b\u00e0o da m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t pound (0,45359237 kg) m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Con s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 10 t\u1ef7 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed bong kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nghe ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf da ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t. Khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bong da \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3","n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp bao ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng, th\u00ec s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd n\u1ed5 tung. V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y? C\u00e2y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng. Da c\u1ee7a D\u1ebb Gai, S\u1ed3i, \u201cV\u00e2n Sam c\u00f9ng Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecf c\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng y h\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hung d\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf th\u00ec c\u00e2y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4. V\u00e0 ngay sau khi c\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u0111i d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, n\u1ea5m \u2013 th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh \u2013 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang xong \u0111\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y xanh ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u0169 s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebft ng\u1ea1t trong \u0111\u00e1m ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean v\u1ecf y nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean da v\u1eady. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e2y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u1ecdc th\u00eam t\u1eeb 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 inch (1,27 \u2013 2,54 cm) chu vi th\u00e2n. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m v\u1ecf c\u00e2y b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ra? N\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay m\u1edbi da c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00f3c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o da c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2y v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u1ea3nh da\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 ngang l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 8 inch (20.32 cm). N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t quanh th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a gi\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00f3c v\u1ecf nh\u01b0 nhau. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00f3c v\u1ecf (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb d\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u g\u1ed9i tr\u1ecb g\u00e0u trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho m\u00e0 xem). L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i tr\u00f3c v\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e2y n\u00e0o tr\u00f3c v\u1ecf ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec khi quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf c\u00e2y \u2013 l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0","\u1ea1 y\u1ee3 pg y py t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y h\u00f3a ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ebft r\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u1ebft nh\u0103n tr\u00ean da c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. \u1ede nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y non c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4ng em b\u00e9 v\u1eady. Khi c\u00e2y gi\u00e0, v\u1ebft nh\u0103n d\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi), v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u00e2u h\u01a1n khi n\u0103m th\u00e1ng qua \u0111i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra nhanh hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y. Th\u00f4ng, s\u1ed3i, b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh sam Douglas th\u00ec nh\u0103n s\u1edbm, trong khi d\u1ebb gai v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh sam b\u1ea1c th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u201cm\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng\u201d trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f3c v\u1ecf. V\u1edbi d\u1ebb gai \u2013 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf x\u00e1m b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, t\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay m\u1edbi v\u1ecf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao. V\u00ec v\u1eady, da c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn m\u1ecfng manh v\u00e0 v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n v\u1edbi chu vi c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ee9t v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra. L\u00e3nh sam b\u1ea1c c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t r\u1ec1 r\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch chia tay \u0111\u1ed1ng \u201ch\u00e0nh l\u00fd\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec l\u1edbp da d\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng tr\u00f3c v\u1ecf ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n non v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh kh\u1ea3nh. Khi c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng chu vi, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd n\u1ee9t xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn l\u1edbp v\u1ecf non nh\u1ea5t \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai \u2013 \u0111ang l\u1eafp kh\u00edt chu vi th\u00e2n c\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u, th\u00ec c\u00e2y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u00f3c v\u1ecf, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t khi c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 \u0111i. S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u1ebb gai khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i trung ni\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u0103n nheo, t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n lan truy\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c xui khi\u1ebfn r\u00eau chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb \u2013 n\u01a1i","h\u01a1i \u1ea9m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt s\u0169ng nh\u1eefng \u201cchi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ec7m\u201d m\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ef1a nhung n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng d\u1ebb gai t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 xa: Th\u1ea3m xanh m\u1ecdc cao ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u0103n kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ebft nh\u0103n l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai trong khu r\u1eebng t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i x\u00f9 x\u00ec bao b\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 150 n\u0103m th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do gen, hay th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1edf lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng trong v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 do tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba \u0111i qua tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1934 \u2013 n\u0103m m\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t chan h\u00f2a \u00e1nh n\u1eafng. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u01a1n, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm h\u01a1n. Tia n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean da ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y. Th\u1eadt ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i b\u00ean ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee9ng n\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y th\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 v\u1ecf n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u00e1c \u201cb\u1ec7nh ngo\u00e0i da\u201d. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5n tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1 tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed3i v\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e2y b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i x\u00f9 x\u00ec th\u00f4 r\u00e1p. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft nh\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n t\u00ed hon \u2013 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t \u0111i d\u00f9 cho c\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa, \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. Vi khu\u1ea9n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111en. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec da m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea5m","g\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfu t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n\u201d (hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe). C\u00e2y gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng r\u1eadm. \u1ede Trung \u00c2u, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa. Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n c\u00e2y t\u1eeb hai tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn ba tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1eebng r\u1eadm n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn sang B\u1edd T\u00e2y Canada \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Zo\u00eb Lindo c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc McGill \u1edf Montreal \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y v\u00e2n sam Sitka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn r\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea1c c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. T\u1ea3o l\u1ee5c lam \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7m r\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. T\u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u1eaft nit\u01a1 t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn\u201d sang d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e2y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, m\u01b0a r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n cho khu r\u1eebng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap con ch\u00e1u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y non kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00eau v\u00ec r\u00eau m\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u00e0n da nh\u0103n nheo v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a r\u00eau, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00e1n l\u00e1 \u2013 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u00f3. Ngay \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f3c t\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u01b0a d\u1ea7n \u0111i. N\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ecdc theo ki\u1ec3u h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean t\u00e1n. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u2013 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng lo\u00e0i \u2013 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0nh m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. \u1ede nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecdt non ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ecdc s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh cong nh\u01b0 vu\u1ed1t th\u00fa, tr\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3n tay b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp v\u1eady. \u1ede nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y th\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecdt non hay ng\u1ecdn cao nh\u1ea5t. Trong khi v\u00e2n sam \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u00ecn chung s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng l\u1edbn, th\u00ec l\u00e3nh sam b\u1ea1c v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ecdc \u2013 nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec m\u1ecdc cao l\u00ean, gi\u1edd ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t con chim l\u1edbn \u0111ang x\u00e2y t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u1ede","m\u00ecnh \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. \u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 chim h\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e1n ki\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 chim h\u1ea1c\u201d. C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c khi ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e0 \u0111i, c\u1ea3 t\u00e1n l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 to r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn. Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 ng\u1eebng cao l\u00ean. R\u1ec5 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 to ra th\u00eam (l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i...). C\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u00e2u v\u00ec m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3m \u0111i qua t\u1eebng n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xoay x\u1ecf cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh con tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh con n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n. K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh con \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1n, v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, c\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn h\u01a1n ch\u00fat \u00edt trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1ec9a \u0111i t\u00e1n c\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u00fa \u00fd. M\u1ed9t khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh con tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh con \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p ch\u1eafc kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft, d\u1eabu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u201cth\u00e1o r\u1eddi\u201d kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1n. Gi\u1edd th\u00ec c\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea5u n\u1ed5i tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 hay s\u1ef1 hom hem c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i. V\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ecf c\u00e2y l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f9a b\u1ee1n l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed5ng cho b\u1ecdn n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o. N\u1ea5m th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u1eafp c\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n ph\u1ea7n tai n\u1ea5m l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby \u2013 th\u1ee9 nh\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0129a nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to h\u01a1n khi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m qua \u0111i. B\u00ean trong, n\u1ea5m s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p thu h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef hay, t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, cellulose v\u00e0 lignin, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y","th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t ph\u1ea5n. D\u00f9 v\u1eady c\u00e2y v\u1eabn ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. M\u1eb7t b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc l\u00ean g\u1ed7 m\u1edbi \u2013 th\u1ee9 \u0111ang d\u1ea7n t\u00edch t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1eb1n d\u00e0y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Th\u00e2n c\u00e2y g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i. \u201cR\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c c\u0169ng t\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u00e0y\u201d, b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng th\u1edf d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y-non-\u0111ang-ch\u1edd-\u0111\u1ee3i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac kia v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 khu r\u1eebng. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c r\u1eefa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau.","\u20141\u26052\u2014 S\u1ed2I V\u0128 \u0110\u1ea0I HAY K\u1eba Y\u1ebeU \u0110U\u1ed0I TO X\u00c1C Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eafp khu r\u1eebng m\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o. V\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed3i b\u00ean lo l\u1eafng nh\u00fa l\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9m ch\u1ed3i m\u1ecfng m\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f2ng quanh c\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y \u0111ang trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn dai d\u1eb3ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111ang ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n. Th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u00fd khi s\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u1ecdc l\u00e1 g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady, v\u00ec s\u1ed3i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 quang h\u1ee3p. Nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u1eb7t s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1edd m\u1edd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cd\u00e0n tr\u1eadn\u201d th\u1eeba th\u00e3i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5n hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 th\u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00e1n b\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u01a1n. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m khi n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng Trung \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i d\u1ebb gai. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, d\u1ebb gai l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. D\u1ebb gai s\u1ebd qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y suy y\u1ebfu \u0111i. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1 ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i khi m\u1ed9t con chim gi\u1ebb c\u00f9i ch\u00f4n h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb gai xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i to l\u1edbn. V\u00ec chim","gi\u1ebb c\u00f9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb gai n\u00e0y v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 khi xu\u00e2n t\u1edbi, n\u00f3 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, qua v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e2y non m\u1ecdc cao l\u00ean, y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e2y non kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i gi\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m cho n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2y non \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i h\u00f2a ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn sinh t\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. R\u1ec5 d\u1ebb gai x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e0 s\u1ed3i ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e0o l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u1edbn v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng cho m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn s\u1ed3i y\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9t. Sau kho\u1ea3ng 150 n\u0103m, c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 cao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ecdc v\u00e0o trong t\u00e1n l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed3i. M\u1ecdc v\u00e0o trong, v\u00e0 sau v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u1eefa, m\u1ecdc xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ecdc qua, v\u00ec tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, d\u1ebb gai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Gi\u1edd th\u00ec l\u00e1 d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1edbn th\u00eam. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e1n th\u1eadt \u201cho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng\u201d, gi\u00fap b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn 97% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1n c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m. C\u00e2y s\u1ed3i s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 hai \u2013 n\u01a1i t\u00e1n l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00f4 \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y ch\u00fat \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 s\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i. C\u00e2y s\u1ed3i nh\u1eadn ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecd s\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh non cao v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1eb7t d\u1ebb gai. Trong l\u00fac c\u1ea7n k\u00edp, d\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n gia t\u0103ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt: M\u1ecdc ch\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c. L\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn, m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay x\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00edt \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 n\u1eb1m cao tr\u00ean t\u00e1n c\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. S\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ebb gai. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed3i b\u00ean m\u1ecdc trong l\u00fac c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n","gy g \u1ee3 gq \u00fdg gp ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n, s\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m c\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2y s\u1ebd bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i. N\u00f3 m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, r\u1ed3i l\u0169 m\u1ecdt g\u1ed7 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u0169 b\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ecf c\u00e2y, r\u1ed3i l\u0169 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ng\u1ecd ngu\u1eady s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0103n s\u1ea1ch da c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i to x\u00e1c \u01b0? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngoan c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ec9? B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y sinh s\u1ed1ng b\u1ebft b\u00e1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng khi so v\u1edbi d\u1ebb gai, th\u00ec s\u1ed3i v\u1eabn c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ai. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean \u2013 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1edf khu tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Trong khi d\u1ebb gai hi\u1ebfm khi s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1ebfu \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u00ec s\u1ed3i m\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng s\u00e2n trang tr\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m. V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu s\u1ed3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n do b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh? Ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e2y, v\u00ec g\u1ed7 s\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y m\u1ee5c r\u1eefa ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Ch\u1ea5t tannin n\u00e0y c\u0169ng xua \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, t\u0103ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u2013 n\u1ebfu th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u00ean (H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u201c\u01b0\u1edbp s\u1ed3i\u201d). Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e3y r\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc t\u00e1n thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ecd th\u00eam v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1ebb gai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu r\u1eebng \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai b\u1ecb b\u00e3o t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. Trong khu r\u1eebng t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1ed3i t\u1ecf r\u00f5 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. \u1ede s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 nam, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng r\u1ec5 b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n. Khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 nung nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i,","nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u do thi\u1ebfu l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e0y g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1 m\u1ee5c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng. C\u01a1n gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng qu\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba y c\u00f2m c\u00f5i m\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3? Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, s\u1ed3i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed3i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n thu nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng to h\u01a1n c\u1ed5 tay b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi cao h\u01a1n 15 feet (4,572 m). Trong khi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n 100 feet (30,48 m) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng r\u1eadm \u1ea5m \u00e1p, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c n\u00e0y xoay x\u1edf trong c\u1ea3nh t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb3ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u00f9m c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t! L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0nh b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kham kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c. L\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i d\u00e0y d\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf s\u1ed3i c\u0169ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi l\u1edbp da nh\u1eb5n, m\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a d\u1ebb gai, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u201cng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c \\\"Was schert es eine alte Eiche, wenn sich ein Wildschwein in ihr scheuert?\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0: \u201cL\u01b0ng c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5t mi\u1ebfng da n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n l\u00f2i mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng v\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e3i l\u01b0ng.\u201d","\u20141\u26053\u2014 C\u00c1C CHUY\u00caN GIA C\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0? Th\u1eadt ra, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdc \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9! Khi h\u1ea1t r\u01a1i kh\u1ecfi c\u00e2y, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 r\u1edbt , xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i hay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con th\u00fa \u0111em n\u00f3 \u0111i. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, th\u00ec coi nh\u01b0 \u201cv\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n\u201d. T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e2y non s\u1ebd r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y non, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh c\u1edd n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1i \u2013 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y m\u1eadn m\u01a1 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m d\u1ebb gai cao to. Ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 s\u00e1ng \u2013 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai non v\u1edbi t\u00e1n l\u00e1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y s\u00e9m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng ch\u00f3i chang l\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m ngay ch\u1ed7 quang \u0111\u00e3ng. N\u1ec1n r\u1eebng qu\u00e1 l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c r\u1eefa r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2y, trong khi n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t kh\u00f4 kh\u1ed1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft kh\u00e1t. N\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u2013 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 hay ch\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y to \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u201ch\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xui x\u1ebbo. V\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 may m\u1eafn th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e0i l\u00e2u. H\u00e3y xem h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y cao c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i sau khi c\u00e2y g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5. H\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u00ed hon c\u00f3 r\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 \u0111ang m\u1ee7n d\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng khi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qu\u00e9t quanh m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c r\u1eefa, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb-t\u1eebng-c\u00f3-kh\u1ea3-n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn-th\u1eafng kia s\u1ebd kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111i.","Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y Trung \u00c2u c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i \u1edf l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 nhau. Ch\u00fang \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u2013 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn s\u00e2u v\u00e0i feet b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean th\u1eadt \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i n\u00ean v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 khi tuy\u1ebft tan s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. B\u00e3o m\u00f9a thu n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf b\u1edbt nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 che ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, v\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ea5m hay c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecf c\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u01a1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u1ecf, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu Trung \u00c2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec d\u1ebb gai s\u1ebd th\u1eafng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdc cao l\u00ean, xuy\u00ean qua t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i bao ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebb thua cu\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y xanh mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh d\u1eef d\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7ch ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2y n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 sinh th\u00e1i k\u1ebf b\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng \u201c\u00e9p x\u00e1c\u201d \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 sinh th\u00e1i \u00e0? V\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, th\u1ef1c ra c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u00edch nghi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 sinh th\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 v\u00e2n sam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. V\u00e2n sam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u \u2013 n\u01a1i h\u00e8 th\u00ec ng\u1eafn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1nh t\u00ea t\u00e1i \u2013 t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec5n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng n\u00fai non","g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u1edf Trung \u00c2u. V\u00ec m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Siberia, Canada v\u00e0 Scandinavia th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, d\u1ebb gai m\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i bung h\u1ebft l\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00f9a n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac. V\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00ec r\u00e9t bu\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e2y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecfng l\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng qua \u0111i. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e2n sam chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. V\u00e2n sam tr\u1eef tinh d\u1ea7u trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 kim v\u00e0 v\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft b\u0103ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u201cb\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o\u201d m\u00e0u xanh \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd m\u00e0 v\u1eabn qu\u1ea5n ch\u00fang quanh nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u00f9a l\u1ea1nh. Ngay khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea5m l\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quang h\u1ee3p. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 g\u1ed7, th\u00ec c\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t hay hai inch (2,54 cm \u2013 5,08 cm) m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 kim c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. Tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i l\u00e0m g\u00e3y c\u00e2y. V\u00e2n sam d\u00f9ng hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Khi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1eb3ng t\u0103m t\u1eafp, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh ch\u00eca ra theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. Ngay khi tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u1eeb nghi\u00eang th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng l\u1edbp gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f3i tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u2013 khi nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u1eb3ng khiu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tuy\u1ebft s\u1ebd r\u01a1i quanh c\u00e2y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i tr\u00ean c\u00e2y. V\u00e2n sam m\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u1edf v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n l\u00e1 d\u00e0i, h\u1eb9p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m c\u00e2y tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb thanh m\u1ea3nh h\u01a1n. Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 kim \u0111\u1ecfm d\u00e1ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 kim s\u1ebd t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e2n sam d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. Th\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng","gy \u1ec7g \u1ed9g g c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u1eadm c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n 30 feet (9,144 m), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y, m\u1ed1i nguy b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i ng\u00e3 t\u0103ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y cao h\u01a1n 80 feet (24, 374 m). R\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Trung \u00c2u th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp d\u1ebb gai, v\u00e0 d\u1ebb gai ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Thanh t\u00f9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. V\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi d\u1ebb gai trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00ean n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p\u201d \u1edf t\u1ea7ng r\u1eebng s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f2n th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt qua t\u00e1n, thanh t\u00f9ng m\u1ecdc l\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u00ec thanh t\u00f9ng m\u1edbi cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 feet (6,096 m \u2013 9,144 m) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c, trong khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e2y trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. L\u0169 th\u00fa \u0103n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7m n\u00f3, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. Ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 g\u1ee5c n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Tuy v\u1eady lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng d\u1ebbo dai n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, thanh t\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tai h\u1ecda gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc ngay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat do d\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u2013 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t khi c\u00e2y ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. V\u00e0, chao \u01a1i, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e2u l\u00e0m sao! Th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecf xa \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eaft gao nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00fang d\u1ea7n t\u1eafm m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed7i khi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i m\u1ecdc ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ch\u00fang tr\u00fat h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, thanh t\u00f9ng v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 65 feet (19,812 m). Ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u1ed5n r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t chi\u1ec1u cao cao h\u01a1n.","C\u00e2y tr\u0103n (lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi nghe t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang) c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc thanh t\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n d\u1ebb gai, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y cao l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u00e2y tr\u0103n c\u0169ng hi\u1ebfm khi cao h\u01a1n 65 feet (19,812 m), v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3 khi m\u1ecdc b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ecdt xu\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed3i. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00e2y tr\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u2013 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng cho c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai \u2013 lo\u00e0i \u201c\u0111\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1ed5\u201d c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i kia, s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 che khu\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 s\u1ed3i. C\u00e2y tr\u0103n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1eadt n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u1ebb gai cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n ph\u00eda nam kia, c\u00e2y tr\u0103n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i, n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o oxy, r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ebft \u0111i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc hay d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con su\u1ed1i \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ng\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb gai \u201cl\u1ee1 l\u1ea7m\u201d r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y xanh b\u1ec7 v\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, trong su\u1ed1t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, c\u00e2y s\u1ebd ng\u00e3 nh\u00e0o khi b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. V\u00e2n sam, th\u00f4ng, tr\u0103n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng hay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y t\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n s\u1ee7. Cao kho\u1ea3ng 100 feet (30,48 m), s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong r\u1ec5. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ec5 b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n d\u00f9ng","\u1ed1ng th\u1edf n\u1ed1i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eady. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea7n m\u1ecfng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n, gi\u00fap kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o. Ch\u1ec9 khi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 th\u1edf n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i th\u00ec t\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n s\u1ee7 m\u1edbi suy y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0169 n\u1ea5m hung h\u00e3n.","\u20141\u26054\u2014 C\u00c2Y TH\u00c2N G\u1ed6 HAY KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I C\u00c2Y TH\u00c2N G\u1ed6 Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 v\u1edbi c\u00e0nh m\u1ecdc ra t\u1eeb th\u00e2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean cao, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i \u2013 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra l\u00e0 c\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n r\u1ec5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec sao? C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i \u2013 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i \u1ea5y. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u1ecf v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Lapland, t\u00f4i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 Gulliver \u1edf Lilliput. T\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u00f9n tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh nguy\u00ean \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb du kh\u00e1ch d\u1eabm ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 cao l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebbn v\u1eb9n 8 inch (20,32 cm). T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ee5i B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c (b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang). Th\u00e2n c\u00e2y b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ee5i B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc cao \u0111\u1ebfn 10 feet (3,048 m), nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eady cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c, v\u1eady th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai nh\u1ecf hay thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2y","th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e2u. Hai lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u0169 th\u00fa c\u00f3 v\u00fa l\u1edbn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u01b0\u01a1u nai, g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang m\u1ecdc th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0nh non gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 d\u1eadm ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi\u1ec1u cao 20 inch (50,8 cm) trong h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. V\u1eady n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec sao? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u2013 th\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, v\u1eady th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y gi\u00e0. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u khu r\u1eebng th\u01b0a, chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra su\u1ed1t. Trong h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ngay g\u1ed1c b\u1edfi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1t than \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m than c\u1ee7i. C\u00e1c th\u00e2n m\u1edbi s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng th\u01b0a r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng s\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tr\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ec9a s\u00e1t g\u1ed1c. Trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0y, chu tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u1edd c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ecdc cao hay th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ec9a s\u00e1t g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00ec thu\u1edf \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd g\u1ed7 m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc l\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi d\u0129 v\u00e3ng n\u00e0y khi d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i hay c\u00f3 l\u1edbp s\u1ea7n d\u00e0y c\u1ed9m d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y non, hay h\u1ecfi theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n tu\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c c\u00e2y v\u00e2n sam c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Dalarna t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n. C\u00e2y v\u00e2n sam gi\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Dalarna \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i t\u00e1n ph\u1eb3ng xung quanh th\u00e2n c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng cacbon-14.","Cacbon-14 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cacbon-14 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon kh\u00e1c trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. M\u1ed9t khi cacbon-14 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c sinh kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, tuy v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch t\u1ee5. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon ch\u1ee9a trong m\u00f4 th\u1ea5p ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o, th\u00ec m\u00f4 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 v\u00e2n sam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 tu\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: 9.550 n\u0103m. T\u1eebng ch\u1ed3i ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ed3i m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. V\u00e0, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9. R\u1ec5 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111ang m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec, r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 tr\u00f4ng nom s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. R\u1ec5 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e2n c\u00e2y h\u1ebft l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. Trong r\u1ec5, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i v\u00e2n sam n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00e2n sam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m; M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0o hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi b\u0103ng tan. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u00e3y quay l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec sao r\u1ec5 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. N\u00e3o \u01b0? B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kinh","nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng, r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. V\u00e2n sam c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 m\u1ecdc b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u2013 c\u00f2n n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i ngo\u00e0i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa ch\u1ee9? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y tinh vi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong c\u00e2y. V\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. R\u1ec5 h\u1ea5p thu c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111em v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y. \u1ede chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang \u0111em c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c \u201cc\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1\u201d n\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u1eedi c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u01b0? \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n kinh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n kinh, ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 xung \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn xa x\u00f4i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i n\u1ea3y l\u1eeda \u0111ang b\u00f9ng l\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft t\u01b0 duy kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Franti\u0161ek Balu\u0161ka t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n T\u1ebf B\u00e0o v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n T\u1eed Th\u1ef1c V\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bonn tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Khi m\u1ed9t r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y d\u00f2 d\u1eabm ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch th\u00edch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi sau khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf \u201cv\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp\u201d. N\u1ebfu r\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n","t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ec5. \u0110\u1ea7u r\u1ec5 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ebb l\u00e1i\u201d chi\u1ebfc r\u1ec5 \u0111ang d\u00e0i ra n\u00e0y v\u00f2ng qua v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a nguy c\u01a1. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u1eabn ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay kh\u00f4ng? B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd t\u1ecf ra qu\u00e1 lo l\u1eafng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c mang c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt sang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd c\u00f2n lo r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u0111i ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. V\u1eady th\u00ec sao? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3? S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfm \u0103n: Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt quang h\u1ee3p, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0103n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadm t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u00edt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng nhanh \u00e0? \u0110\u00f4i khi, t\u00f4i ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t.","\u20141\u26055\u2014 TRONG V\u01af\u01a0NG QU\u1ed0C B\u00d3NG T\u1ed0I \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u1eabn ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng. Trong khi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n \u00edt h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn t\u1eadn m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng r\u1eebng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u00e0y. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta quan t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3i, g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn \u0111en, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef3 gi\u00f4ng l\u1eeda ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. R\u1eebng v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111i nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 to l\u1edbn. H\u01b0\u01a1u, l\u1ee3n l\u00f2i, th\u00fa \u0103n th\u1ecbt, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o l\u1edbn trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec r\u1eebng c\u00e2y v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon d\u01b0\u1edbi \u201cch\u00e2n\u201d ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u00eca c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eb7m s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y","t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n quay v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m khi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng, v\u00ec c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2m r\u1ec5 xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo l\u00ean nhau \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc hay th\u1ee9c \u0103n. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0 \u0111\u1ed9 C \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng ch\u00f4n nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo. Sau khi b\u0103ng tan, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3o \u0111em n\u00f3 \u0111i xa v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp d\u00e0y c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c feet. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n. Qua th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t\u201d \u2013 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n. C\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a b\u00e3o. X\u00f3i m\u00f2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a than bitum. Trong l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng. \u0110\u1ea5t s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed7i khi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo sau c\u00e1c c\u01a1n m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m h\u00fat h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 th\u1eeba s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, cu\u1ed1n theo nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a: M\u1ed7i khi n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang cu\u1ed1n \u0111i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. R\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn 2.900 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng (2.589.988,11 m3) m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. M\u1ed7i d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3","b\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 290 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c phong h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hao h\u1ee5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm th\u00ec mu\u1ed9n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e1 s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c suy ki\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khai ph\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh, \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 h\u01a1n qua th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e2y c\u0169ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. V\u00ec c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, n\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ra ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh l\u00fap, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 may m\u1eafn m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00fang th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ecd ve, b\u1ecd \u0111u\u00f4i b\u1eadt, v\u00e0 r\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1eddn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1i hay c\u00e1 voi l\u01b0ng g\u00f9, nh\u01b0ng trong r\u1eebng, nh\u1eefng anh ch\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean Latin qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: V\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong khu r\u1eebng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean, hay ve gi\u00e1p, ve b\u00e9t \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ch\u00fang d\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 0,04 inch (1,016 mm) v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e2n ng\u1eafn kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hai t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang h\u00f2a l\u1eabn r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: \u0111\u1ea5t. Ve b\u00e9t \u01b0? N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0169 m\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e0 \u2013 lo\u00e0i \u0103n c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh da ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f3c ra","c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ve b\u00e9t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo ki\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 xung quanh c\u00e2y. L\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ecf c\u00e2y bong tr\u00f3c s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i yard n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon h\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1ea3y b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1ng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d, ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng \u2013 th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00e9n ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean \u0103n n\u1ea5m. Nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y n\u00e1u m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00fat c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch r\u1ec9 ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m tr\u1eafng m\u1ea3nh. Sau c\u00f9ng, l\u0169 b\u1ecd ve \u0103n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00e2y chia s\u1ebb cho c\u00e1c \u201cc\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1\u201d n\u1ea5m. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c r\u1eefa g\u1ed7 hay nh\u1eefng con \u1ed1c s\u00ean ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd ve t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u1edf giao l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u0169 m\u1ecdt. Ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng con voi t\u00ed hon m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i tai kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1.400 lo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u0169 m\u1ecdt, \u0103n kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng ch\u0103m con. B\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2i d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf x\u00edu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 be b\u00e9 tr\u00ean l\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i, l\u0169 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng g\u1eb7m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111i nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i m\u1ecdt \u2013 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xa nh\u1ea5t 30 feet (9,144 m) m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y xanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i do c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft \u0111i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed9t con m\u1ecdt ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e2y k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m trong \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 m\u1ee5c xung quanh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u0169 m\u1ecdt, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u. N\u1ebfu r\u1eebng t\u1eebng b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y","nh\u1eefng con c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 xa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m: Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00f2ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng bao ph\u1ee7 kh\u1eafp Trung \u00c2u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng. V\u00e2n sam th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 d\u1ebb gai, l\u00e3nh sam Douglas th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 s\u1ed3i, c\u00e2y non th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e2y gi\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng m\u1edbi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u0169 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u00edt r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u2013 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e2n sam \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng trong c\u01a1n b\u00e3o, th\u00ec l\u0169 b\u1ecd ve v\u00e0 b\u1ecd \u0111u\u00f4i b\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ba feet (0,9144 m) trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1eady c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 R\u1eebng Bavarian, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong khu r\u1eebng t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon \u2013 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u1eebng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng khu tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e2n sam c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd \u0111u\u00f4i b\u1eadt chuy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng v\u00e2n sam. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i H\u00fcmmel \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u1ebb gai c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5, y nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf Trung \u00c2u. Th\u1ebf","l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u0169 b\u1ecd \u0111u\u00f4i b\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00fcmmel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? T\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 chim \u0111\u00e3 mang nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u2013 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111i l\u1eadu v\u00e9 tr\u1ed1n trong l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00fcmmel. Chim th\u00edch t\u1eafm b\u1ee5i trong l\u1edbp l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch l\u00f4ng. Khi ch\u00fang t\u1eafm, c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong b\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i ra khi ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i t\u1eafm b\u1ee5i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u1edf khu r\u1eebng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt chuy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u00e2n sam c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1. N\u1ebfu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u, th\u00ec chim s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i trung chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ch\u00fang. \u1ede b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u th\u00ec nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon n\u00e0y m\u1edbi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, theo ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Kiel v\u00e0 L\u00fcneburg. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c r\u1eebng s\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean L\u00fcneburg Heath \u2013 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. S\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf theo gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho r\u1eebng, v\u00ec chu tr\u00ecnh sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn th\u1eeba nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1eebng s\u1ed3i l\u1edbn nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng r\u1eebng s\u1ed3i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00edt kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi can thi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3","ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh. V\u00e0, nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 hy sinh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf H\u00fcmmel \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m qua. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c r\u1eebng d\u1ebb gai c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m khu an t\u00e1ng c\u00e2y xanh \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng bia m\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh tro c\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a sau khi ch\u1ebft \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u01b0? Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty thu\u00ea \u2013 vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u vui v\u1ebb. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: C\u00e1c du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Khu B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n Sinh Quy\u1ec3n Maya \u1edf Guatemala s\u1ebd thu\u00ea d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t quang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p uy t\u00edn v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n: \u1ede Scotland, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed7 kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c R\u1eebng Caledonian C\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn: B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o Qu\u1ef9 C\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng V\u1eadt Hoang D\u00e3 M\u1ef9 nh\u1eb1m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i th\u00f4ng l\u00e1 d\u00e0i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng nam n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec7m xung quanh c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef r\u1eebng v\u1eeba nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u1eeba sinh l\u1ee3i!","\u20141\u26056\u2014 M\u00c1Y H\u00daT CACBON \u0110I\u00d4X\u00cdT Trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Khi quang h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra hi\u0111r\u00f4cacbon gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn 22 t\u1ea5n cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt trong th\u00e2n, c\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i do n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 g\u1ed7, x\u1eed l\u00fd cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt (CO,), v\u00e0 th\u1edf ra ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1t g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed CO, v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, 2 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea9u g\u1ed7 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch \u201cnhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\u201d n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u. R\u1eebng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y h\u00fat cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt s\u1ebd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quay v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n sau khi c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a l\u1ea1i trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m v\u00e0 nhai th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9t. M\u01b0a s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed1n s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f2n th\u1eeba v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u01a1i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng l\u1ea1nh. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n \u2013 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n khi","th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa th\u1eadt xa, \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh than bitum ho\u1eb7c antraxit. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y xanh ch\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u2013 nh\u00ecn gi\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ec9 hay c\u1ecf \u0111u\u00f4i ng\u1ef1a cao 100 feet h\u01a1n (30,48 m) \u2013 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n kho\u1ea3ng 6 feet (1,8288 m), ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ng\u00e0y nay v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y m\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ebft v\u00ec tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed5 \u1eadp xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng \u2013 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ee5c r\u1eefa. Sau th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp than b\u00f9n d\u00e0y \u2013 th\u1ee9 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee5n, v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn than b\u00f9n th\u00e0nh than \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. S\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y xanh ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap c\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa? Ng\u00e0y nay, than \u0111\u00e1 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec r\u1eebng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t quang, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd \u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tia n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1ea5m \u00e1p r\u1ecdi xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon ch\u1ee9a trong nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed. T\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda \u1edf nh\u00e0, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng. V\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y xanh trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh than \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ed7i khi d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc trong r\u1eebng. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p l\u1edbp c\u00f3 m\u00e0u nh\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. \u1ede","g\u1ed9 g\u1eb7p p \u1ea1 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u cacbon. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n, th\u00ec l\u1edbp n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a than \u0111\u00e1, kh\u00ed ga ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ed7 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do ri\u00eang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra: V\u00ec t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Roman v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Celt c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u1eady \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c r\u00fat th\u1ee9c \u0103n y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea3o s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng h\u00fat cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt t\u1eeb kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p khi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cacbon. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u2013 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 canxi cacbonat do san h\u00f4 ti\u1ebft ra, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kho ch\u1ee9a cacbon \u0111i\u00f4xit l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t sau h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon - kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Khi nh\u1eefng m\u1ecf than \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, trong K\u1ef7 Than \u0110\u00e1, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u2013 g\u1ea5p ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y nay \u2013 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cao g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n. V\u1eady gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1eef cacbon cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n ch\u00fat cacbon n\u00e0o s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u00e0? Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng vui v\u1ebb d\u00f9ng c\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng kho ch\u1ee9a cacbon c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed ga, v\u00e0 than \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m hay nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon tr\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0","\u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u201cnh\u00e0 t\u1eeb\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa? \u00c0, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nhanh \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 khi m\u1ee9c cacbon \u0111i\u00f4xit trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u0103ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2y t\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea r\u1eebng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y \u0111ang l\u1edbn nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ngay v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh kh\u1ed1i \u0111ang t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba so v\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng, l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ch\u1eadm l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang: \u00cdt (cacbon) h\u01a1n th\u00ec (tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd) nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Khi t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y non d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o sinh l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdc nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y gi\u00e0. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1eebng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb tr\u1ebb h\u00f3a. Tr\u1ebb h\u00f3a \u01b0? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1n h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3, theo c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, th\u00ec r\u1eebng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb1m r\u00fat l\u1ea5y cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed r\u1ed3i tr\u1eef l\u1ea1i. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i g\u00ec, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd suy gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 60 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 120 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac l\u0103n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y thu ho\u1ea1ch ra. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ebb m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n c\u00e3i s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang cho r\u1eebng r\u1eadm? H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 120, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y xanh, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi v\u1eeba h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0","khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 700.000 c\u00e2y \u1edf m\u1ed7i ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: C\u00e2y c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0 th\u00ec c\u00e0ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n 3 feet (0,9144 m) t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh kh\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7, th\u00ec gi\u00e0 \u0111i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, cong v\u1eb9o v\u00e0 mong manh. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u201cnh\u00f3c con\u201d non tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u00f4 h\u00e0o tr\u1ebb h\u00f3a c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng h\u00f2ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi cho ch\u00fang \u00edt ra n\u00ean b\u1ecb d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n sai l\u1ec7ch. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y gi\u00e0, n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ph\u00eda trong th\u00e2n b\u1ecb m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0 \u0111i \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta.","\u20141\u26057\u2014 KI\u1ec2M SO\u00c1T KH\u00cd H\u1eacU B\u1eb0NG R\u1eeaNG C\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hay \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tha cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u1edbn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd xem x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang? Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u201cEureka\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u g\u1ea7n Bamberg, \u0110\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia r\u1eebng r\u1eadm t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc sum su\u00ea n\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c canh \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m, d\u1ebb gai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng chung \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trung h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng acid trong c\u00e1c l\u00e1 kim c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e1 kim n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngon mi\u1ec7ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ebb gai th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Sau v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n ch\u1ee9a ki\u1ec1m \u2013 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong khu r\u1eebng nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u1ea9m h\u01a1n, v\u00ec l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai \u0111ang l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i qua c\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00e0ng d\u1ecbu th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng \u00edt b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap d\u1ebb gai t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang l\u1edbn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 vi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0","c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng \u201cc\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m\u201d. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m v\u1eabn hay n\u00f3i, r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra n\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu gi\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec sao? \u1edc th\u00ec, n\u1ebfu kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i kh\u00f4 n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che k\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chu \u0111\u00e1o, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong khu r\u1eebng t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb RWTH Aachen \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb t\u1ec9a b\u1edbt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng d\u1ebb gai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gi\u00e0 \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1c 98 \u0111\u1ed9 F (36,67 \u0111\u1ed9 C), n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn 50 \u0111\u1ed9 F so v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng \u2013 n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i d\u1eb7m. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00edt h\u01a1n, r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng do sinh kh\u1ed1i \u2013 th\u1ee9 c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m. C\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed7 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft trong r\u1eebng, l\u1edbp m\u00f9n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eef trong t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng. N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e1t m\u1ebb s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i \u00edt h\u01a1n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh s\u1ebd \u201c\u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i\u201d v\u1edbi l\u00fd do gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp quan s\u00e1t c\u00e2y \u201c\u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1ng Sinh v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u r\u1ec5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u1ea1nh nh\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00fang c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n b\u00ean ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u01a1n d\u00e0i tr\u00f9m qua c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ec7t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y v\u1ec7t n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1nh","tay r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00e2y \u201c\u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i\u201d \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u00eca \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u1ea3o v\u00e0 r\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, n\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u00fat s\u1ea1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng r\u00eau tr\u00f3c ra s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1eafc m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i. V\u1eefa v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n d\u1ea7n qua t\u1eebng n\u0103m do \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay s\u1edbm h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 xe d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 xe ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o b\u0103ng kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 xe, trong khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1eadu d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0ng c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, t\u00f4i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c v\u00e2n sam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh m\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0m sao. V\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129 xem, m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khai ph\u00e1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y xanh n\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1eebng \u1ef1c. V\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1n m\u01b0a x\u1ed1i x\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o, n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o r\u1eebng \u0111i d\u1ea1o. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i (th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00ec l\u00fd do c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c), th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t quang c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, d\u1ebb gai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i m\u00ea m\u1ea9n nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecfa thu\u00ea nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e0nh ch\u00fang ch\u1ebfch l\u00ean. Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng. T\u00e1n c\u00e2y x\u00f2e m\u1edf nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u01b0a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt t\u1eeb l\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh con. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd lao xu\u1ed1ng nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i khi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt. Trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cn\u1ed1c\u201d th\u00eam v\u00e0i tr\u0103m gallon n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y qua \u1ede","nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn h\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eef trong ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. V\u00e2n sam v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh sam th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Lo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh sam m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai, trong khi lo\u00e0i v\u00e2n sam th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb kh\u00e1t. T\u00e1n l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc d\u00f9, th\u1ee9 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u01b0a r\u00e0o v\u00e0 n\u00e9p s\u00e1t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt ch\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5 gallon n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i yard vu\u00f4ng (9,46 l\u00edt\/ 0,836 m) \u1edf r\u1eebng (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u01b0a r\u00e0o kh\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea5y) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 kim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y. Khi tr\u1eddi quang m\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u01a1i \u1ea9m qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i. T\u1ea1i sao v\u00e2n sam l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf? R\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e2n sam tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang th\u00edch m\u1ecdc \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Alps ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a \u1ed3 \u1ea1t nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd th\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao c\u00e0nh v\u00e2n sam th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u ngang ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i ch\u1ebfch xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 khi tuy\u1ebft t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 khi v\u00e2n sam m\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang n\u1eefa. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c r\u1eebng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u1edf Trung \u00c2u ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed r\u1eebng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 theo h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00e1t, v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb7n m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c r\u1eebng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eb7n 15 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a","r\u01a1i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang thu l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 15 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u00e0y so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n trang ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00e1 kim c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.","\u20141\u26058\u2014 R\u1eeaNG V\u1edaI VAI TR\u00d2 M\u00c1Y B\u01a0M N\u01af\u1edaC L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i v\u1eady, ho\u1eb7c \u2013 l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00e0i tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, v\u00ec m\u00e2y t\u1ea1o m\u01b0a xong th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n 400 d\u1eb7m (643,7376 m), \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p d\u1ecdc xung quanh r\u00eca c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba; c\u00f2n \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u00e0 hoang v\u1eafng. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1m \u01a1n tr\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi l\u00e1 c\u00e2y. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i yard vu\u00f4ng (0,836 m) r\u1eebng, th\u00ec c\u00f3 27 yard vu\u00f4ng (22.575 m3) l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e1 kim che k\u00edn c\u00e1c t\u00e1n c\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1n l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a h\u00e8, c\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn 8.500 yard kh\u1ed1i (6.498.716 l\u00edt) n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng","\u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1edbi di chuy\u1ec3n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u01b0a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. Khi chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a r\u00e0o \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c Amazon, d\u00f9 n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch xa h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, v\u1eabn l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a r\u00e0o tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. C\u1ea7n v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfc \u201cm\u00e1y b\u01a1m\u201d n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng x\u00f3 x\u1ec9nh xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 r\u1eebng. V\u00e0, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ven bi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Anastassia Makarieva \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Saint Petersburg \u1edf Nga v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 tin n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u y nh\u01b0 nhau. \u0443 B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1eebng m\u01b0a hay r\u1eebng taiga \u1edf Siberia, c\u00e2y v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1i \u1ea9m mang s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba bao quanh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ven bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t quang. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 phun n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o \u1ed1ng b\u01a1m ra kh\u1ecfi ao v\u1eady. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 \u1edf Brazil, n\u01a1i r\u1eebng m\u01b0a Amazon \u0111ang d\u1ea7n kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o. Trung \u00c2u n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c 400 d\u1eb7m v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc. May m\u1eafn thay, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1ecf \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c r\u1eebng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u00e1n C\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ra terpene, ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Khi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed terpene \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i \u1ea9m s\u1ebd t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i quanh ch\u00fang, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y d\u00e0y g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a gia t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu","kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng. M\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u2013 y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u00edch. Do m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e2y v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf Trung \u00c2u, m\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Su\u1ed1i, ao \u2013 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eebng \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 hay v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng lo\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t con \u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 0,08 inch (2,032 mm), v\u00e0 n\u00f3 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh. L\u0169 \u1ed1c th\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n 46 \u0111\u1ed9 F (7,8 \u0111\u1ed9 C), v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tan ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng bao ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef7 b\u0103ng h\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch trong \u1edf r\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra lu\u00f4n m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m s\u1ee7i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng n\u00e0o n\u1eefa, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng thay th\u1ebf l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng con \u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee7i l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t su\u1ed1t n\u0103m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 r\u1eebng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201ch\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. N\u1ec1n r\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a. C\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p s\u1ebd h\u00fat t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec v\u1eady thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y \u00e0o \u0111i m\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 no n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea9m d\u01b0 th\u1eeba s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 qua","nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u01a1i \u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u01b0a l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ee7i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u201cs\u1ee7i\u201d l\u00ean. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt \u00e1t, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 s\u1eabm m\u00e0u tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng c\u1ee9 r\u1ec9 r\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 (v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ed hon \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u1edd th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t sau m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u01b0a r\u00e0o n\u1eb7ng h\u1ea1t, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra. Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 48 \u0111\u1ed9 F (8,9 \u0111\u1ed9 C) \u01b0? V\u1eady n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng ai l\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111em nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf theo ch\u1ee9? M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 d\u1ea1o quanh l\u00fac tr\u1eddi s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Nh\u1eefng v\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, trong khi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn s\u1ebd r\u1ec9 ra. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 l\u0169 \u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh quanh n\u0103m. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng m\u1edbi gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u1ea5m l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng v\u1edbi l\u0169 \u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00f2m l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. R\u1eebng c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i. N\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 gi\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u00f2ng n\u1ecdc \u2013 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 mong ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u1ed1ng \u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 oxy kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t ra, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u0169 k\u1ef3 gi\u1ed1ng con s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. Th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd gi\u1ea3i","quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, khi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u01a1i \u1ea5m m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y tr\u1ee5i l\u00e1 cho ph\u00e9p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1i \u1ea5m th\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc qua ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i n\u1ea3y l\u1ed9c, kh\u00e9p t\u1ea5m m\u00e0nh l\u00e1 xanh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 che m\u00e1t cho d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y. R\u1ed3i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eddi ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con su\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i m\u1edf ra l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa khi c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft l\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u00ec g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u1ea5m d\u1ea7n l\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, n\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i t\u1ed1i \u0111en nh\u01b0 m\u1ef1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u00e2n sam kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u201cch\u00e2n\u201d ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang hay gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong su\u1ed1i. C\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 sau khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ebft. Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 ngang xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7ng t\u00ed hon \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ctung t\u0103ng\u201d s\u1ed1ng. L\u0169 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 gi\u00f4ng l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng con sa gi\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf, tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc mang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng v\u0169. Trong ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh \u1edf r\u1eebng, ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con t\u00f4m h\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00ed hon. Nh\u1eefng anh ch\u00e0ng b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u0103n v\u1eaft, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u00f9n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e1c v\u1ee5n tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i s\u1ebd r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u1ec3 b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u00ec su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm, n\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sau nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a n\u1eb7ng h\u1ea1t.","Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ef1c ra l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a axit humic \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf x\u00edu h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt. Nh\u1eefng axit n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u1edf Trung \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ed5. Lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ea3i ly. T\u00f4i nghi ng\u1edd li\u1ec7u c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y vui v\u1ebb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec lo\u00e0i g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m n\u00e0y \u2013 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 60 pound (27,21 kg), l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1u phu c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t con h\u1ea3i ly ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 g\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y xanh d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 inch (7,62 \u2013 10,16 cm). Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1n h\u1ea1 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i \u201cca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d. Th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ea3i ly mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh con v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf \u2013 th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 khi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua, chi\u1ebfc t\u1ed5 t\u0103ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u yard (1 yard=0,9144 m). C\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ng\u1ee5y trang l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n an to\u00e0n, h\u1ea3i ly x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u0169 th\u00fa \u0103n th\u1ecbt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o. V\u00ec m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f9a, nhi\u1ec1u con h\u1ea3i ly c\u0169ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ao l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng ao h\u1ea3i ly n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb r\u1eebng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quanh \u0111\u1eadp. T\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n s\u1ee7 v\u00e0 li\u1ec5u th\u00edch m\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y; d\u1ebb gai \u2013 lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u201cch\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u1ea9m, s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u201cph\u1ea5t l\u00ean\u201d trong v\u00f9ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n quanh t\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ly s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea1n th\u1ee9c \u0103n\u201d s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a l\u0169 h\u1ea3i ly. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea3i ly g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho khu r\u1eebng xung quanh ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n cung n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 khi h\u1ea3i ly l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1edbn."]