JROTC Cadet Handbook SY 20-21 Hyper

ROBERT G. COLE HIGH SCHOOL JUNIOR RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS CADET HANDBOOK The Cougar Battalion Honor Unit with Distinction 1 August 2020 Name: _________________________________________ Company: ________

Table of Contents Title Page Introduction 3 Chapter 1: Program Overview 4 JROTC Mission and History 4 Distinctive Unit Insignia 5 Lieutenant Colonel Robert G. Cole 6 Cadet Creed 6 Army Values 7 Chapter 2: Citizenship Knowledge 7 National Anthem 7 Pledge of Allegiance 11 The American Flag The Texas Flag 12 13 Chapter 3: Policies and Procedures 14 Standards of Conduct 14 Military Courtesy 15 Classroom Procedures 16 Classroom Rules 17 The Cadet Office Merit and Demerits 18 Grading Policy 26 27 Chapter 4: Moving Up 29 Command and Staff Organization & Responsibilities 29 Promotions and Reductions 30 Cadet Ranks & Abbreviations Promotion Boards 31 Cadet of the Month / Year 32 Extracurricular Activities 32 32 Chapter 5: Wear of the Uniform 33 Uniform Guidelines 33 Personal Appearance Policies 35 Wearing of Jewelry 35 Grooming Standards Care of the Uniform Uniform Components Wearing of Ribbons and Medals Uniform Accessories 1

Class A / B Uniform 37 The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) 40 Title Page Chapter 6: Drill & Ceremony 41 Stationary Movements 43 Marching Movements 45 Squad Formations 48 Company Formations 54 Physical Fitness Training Formation 56 Appendices: 57 Appendix A; Guide to Success in JROTC 58 Appendix B: Cadet Guide to Boards 60 Appendix C: Guide to Tying the Necktie 61 Appendix D: Civilian to Military Time Conversion 62 Appendix E: Phonetic Alphabet 63 Appendix F: Leadership & Character Development Corps Ranks 65 Appendix G: Active Duty Ranks 76 Appendix H: Cadet Awards 85 Appendix I: Mandatory Knowledge Appendix J: Accreditation Visit: In-Ranks Questions 2

Introduction The JROTC program is one of most enjoyable and rewarding experiences a high school student can undertake. The JROTC is not simply an academic class; it is a developmental program encompassing all aspects of citizenship, character and leadership. The program focuses on building the self-esteem, the confidence, the skills and the behaviors to become successful and productive students and citizens. Cadets are more than students; they are leaders who are preparing themselves for success in school and in life. Cadets will learn to: Exercise personal responsibility and accountability – Cadets will understand the importance of personal responsibility as a member of the team and as a U.S. Citizen. Cadets will explore values and ethical decision making that serves as the foundation of honorable leadership. Contribute as a member of a team – Cadets will be afforded opportunities to lead in the classroom and as members of a team. Cadets will learn the importance of good followership in the performance of a team and as a leader. Enhance critical thinking, oral and written communication capabilities – Cadets will be asked to challenge conventional thinking and methods in accomplishing tasks and resolving challenges. Cadets will practice oral and written presentation skills as part of the core curriculum. Improve physical fitness and emotional resiliency – Cadets will participate in individual and team physical fitness activities. The goal is to improve the level of individual fitness and understanding of healthy eating and fitness habits. Cadets who excel in physical fitness as measured by the cadet challenge standards will be eligible for recognition. Cadets will also learn methods for improving emotional resiliency. Understand the importance of respect and diversity – Cadets will learn that the power of the team lies in individual talents and contributions of a well-balance and cohesive group working toward common objectives. Build self-esteem, confidence and pride – Cadets will be required to wear the cadet uniform at least once per week. The uniform teaches attention to detail, personal pride and the responsibilities of wearing the Army uniform. Cadet promotions and the established award and recognition systems of JROTC encourage goal-setting behaviors, sense of accomplishment, as well as, individual and unit pride. Establish / improve planning and goal-setting behaviors – Cadets will be required to set goals throughout their cadet experience and beyond high school. Cadets learn the importance of backward planning, initiative, perseverance and personal responsibility in meeting goals. The JROTC program is not a military preparation or recruitment program. While it is true that many cadets do go on to serve in the military, there is no obligation associated with participation in JROTC. This program’s purpose and intent is clearly articulated in the U.S. Army JROTC mission statement: To Motivate Young People to be Better Citizens. So if you want to have a lot of fun, build lasting friendships and learn valuable skills, JROTC is the program for you and there is no better program than the Cougar Battalion. 3

CHAPTER 1: PROGRAM OVERVIEW The JROTC Mission: To motivate young people to be better citizens The Cougar Battalion Mission: To develop young men and women of character JROTC History: The United States Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) was established under the National Defense Act of 1916. Under the provisions of the Act, high schools were authorized the loan of federal military equipment and the assignment of active duty military personnel as instructors. In 1964, the Vitalization Act opened JROTC up to the other services and replaced the active duty instructors with retired members of the armed forces, who worked for and are cost shared by the schools. Title 10 of the U.S. Code declares that \"the purpose of Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps is to instill in students in secondary educational institutions the value of citizenship, service to the United States, personal responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment.\" The study of ethics, citizenship, communications, leadership, life skills and other subjects designed to prepare young men and woman to take their place in adult society, evolved as the core of the program. More recently, an improved student centered curriculum focusing on character building and civic responsibility is being presented in every JROTC classroom. Established in 1968, the Cole High School JROTC program, the Cougar Battalion, is among the over 1700 Army JROTC programs world-wide. The Cougar Battalion Distinctive Unit Insignia Symbolism ⧫ The green and gold represents the school’s colors ⧫ The clock tower and single white star symbolizes the battalion’s location at Fort Sam Houston, TX ⧫ The laurel wreath symbolizes academic achievement ⧫ The upright sword symbolizes leadership and character ⧫ “We Learn to Lead” – Indicates the corps of cadet’s commitment to mastering the art of leadership 4

Lieutenant Colonel Robert George Cole Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) Robert G. Cole was born at Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas to Colonel Clarence F. Cole, an Army physician, and Clara H. Cole on 19 March 1915. He graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in San Antonio in 1933 before enlisting in the Unites States Army on 1 July 1934. In June 1935, he was honorably discharged from the Army to accept an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point. Upon graduation from West Point, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant and assigned to the 15th Infantry at Fort Lewis, Washington. He married Allie Mae Wilson in 1939. LTC Cole remained at Fort Lewis until his reassignment in 1941 to the 501st Parachute infantry Regiment, Fort Benning, Georgia. Promoted quickly to lieutenant colonel, Cole was placed in command of the 3d Battalion, 502d Parachute Infantry Regiment in 1944. On 6 June 1944, LTC Cole and his battalion of more than 400 men parachuted into Normandy, France as part of the D-Day operations. After landing, LTC Cole was ordered to capture the strategically important bridge at Carentan, France. Capture of this bridge intact would allow allied forces move swiftly inland away from the beachhead at Normandy. Facing intense German resistance for control of the bridge, LTC Cole and his battalion fought for several days before he ordered and led a bayonet charge to push German forces off the bridge. His battalion sustained heavy losses in the assault but with the bridge intact allied forces moved quickly to establish a firm hold on Northern France. LTC Cole was recommended for the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions at Carentan, but would not survive long enough to receive it. On 18 September 1944, LTC Cole was killed by a German sniper while attempting to set an identification panel for an allied air strike on a German position in Best, Netherlands. Two weeks later, Congress approved his nomination for the Medal of Honor. LTC Cole was buried in the American Cemetery, Margraten, Netherlands. His family accepted the Medal of Honor on the parade field at Fort Sam Houston. His Medal of Honor citation reads: For gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his own life, beyond the call of duty on 11 June 1944, in France. Lt. Col. Cole was personally leading his battalion in forcing the last 4 bridges on the road to Carentan when his entire unit was suddenly pinned to the ground by intense and withering enemy rifle, machinegun, mortar, and artillery fire placed upon them from well-prepared and heavily fortified positions within 150 yards of the foremost elements. After the devastating and unceasing enemy fire had for over 1 hour prevented any move and inflicted numerous casualties, Lt. Col. Cole, observing this almost hopeless situation, courageously issued orders to assault the enemy positions with fixed bayonets. With utter disregard for his own safety and completely ignoring the enemy fire, he rose to his feet in front of his battalion and withdrawn pistol shouted to his men to follow him in the assault. Catching up a fallen man's rifle and bayonet, he charged on and led the remnants of his battalion across the bullet-swept open ground and into the enemy position. His heroic and valiant action in so inspiring his men resulted in the complete establishment of our bridgehead across the Douve River. The cool fearlessness, personal bravery, and outstanding leadership displayed by Lt. Col. Cole reflect great credit upon himself and are worthy of the highest praise in the military service. 5

The Cadet Creed I am an Army Junior ROTC Cadet. I will always conduct myself to bring credit to my family, country, school and the corps of cadets. I am loyal and patriotic. I am the future of the United States of America. I do not lie, cheat, or steal and will always be accountable for my actions and deeds. I will always practice good citizenship and patriotism. I will work hard to improve my mind and strengthen my body. I will seek the mantle of leadership and stand prepared to uphold the Constitution and the American way of life. May God grant me the strength to always live by this creed. The Army Values Loyalty – to bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution… to your peers Duty – to fulfill your obligations Respect – to treat people as they should be treated Selfless Service – to put the welfare of the nation… before your own Honor – to live up to all values Integrity – to do what is right, legally and morally Personal Courage – to face fear, danger, or adversity … peer pressure 6

CHAPTER 2: CITIZENSHIP KNOWLEDGE The National Anthem The Star Spangled Banner By Francis Scott Key 1814 Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave The Pledge of Allegiance: I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands. One nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. The American Flag History. On January 1, 1776, the Continental Army was reorganized in accordance with a Congressional resolution, which placed American forces under George Washington's control. On that New Year's Day, the Continental Army was laying siege to Boston which had been taken over by the British Army. Washington ordered the Grand Union flag hoisted above his base at Prospect Hill. It had 13 alternate red and white stripes and the British Union Jack in the upper left-hand corner (the canton). In May of 1776, Betsy Ross reported that she sewed the first American flag. On June 14, 1777, in order to establish an official flag for the new nation, the Continental Congress passed the first Flag Act: \"Resolved, That the flag of the United States be made of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new Constellation.\" Between 1777 and 1960, Congress passed several acts that changed the shape, design and arrangement of the flag and allowed for additional stars and stripes to be added to reflect the admission of each new state. 7

✓ Act of January 13, 1794 - provided for 15 stripes and 15 stars after May 1795. ✓ Act of April 4, 1818 - provided for 13 stripes and one star for each state, to be added to the flag on the 4th of July following the admission of each new state, signed by President Monroe. ✓ Executive Order of President Taft dated June 24, 1912 - established proportions of the flag and provided for arrangement of the stars in six horizontal rows of eight each, a single point of each star to be upward. ✓ Executive Order of President Eisenhower dated January 3, 1959 - provided for the arrangement of the stars in seven rows of seven stars each, staggered horizontally and vertically. ✓ Executive Order of President Eisenhower dated August 21, 1959 - provided for the arrangement of the stars in nine rows of stars staggered horizontally and eleven rows of stars staggered vertically. Symbolism. Today the flag consists of thirteen horizontal stripes, seven red alternating with six white. The stripes represent the original 13 colonies; the stars represent the 50 states of the Union. The colors of the flag are symbolic as well: Red symbolizes Hardiness and Valor White symbolizes Purity and Innocence Blue symbolizes Vigilance, Perseverance and Justice. 8

Folding the Flag 9

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The Texas Flag History. The Texas flag is known as the \"Lone Star Flag\" (giving rise to the state's nickname \"The Lone Star State\"). This flag was introduced to the Congress of the Republic of Texas on December 28, 1838, by Senator William H. Wharton and was adopted on January 25, 1839 as the final national flag of the Republic of Texas. When Texas became the 28th state of the Union on December 29, 1845, its national flag became the state flag. From 1879 until 1933 there was no official state flag, although the Lone Star remained the de facto state flag, The Revised Civil Statutes of 1879 repealed all statutes not explicitly renewed and since the statutes pertaining to the flag were not among those renewed, Texas was formally flagless until the passage of the Texas Flag Code in 1933. The Texas Flag Code assigns the following symbolism to the colors of the Texas flag: blue stands for loyalty, white for purity, and red for bravery. The code also states that single (lone) star \"represents ALL of Texas and stands for our unity as one for God, State, and Country.\" The \"lone star\" is, in fact, an older symbol predating the flag which was used to symbolize Texans' solidarity in declaring independence from Mexico. It is still seen today as a symbol of Texas' independent spirit, and gave rise to the state's official nickname \"The Lone Star State\". 11

CHAPTER 3: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES CADET STANDARDS OF CONDUCT General. Adherence to standards, setting the proper example, and “doing the right thing” are all important to the good order and discipline of the corps of cadets. Cadets must maintain a disciplined attitude not only in JROTC classes and activities, but they must also strive to conduct themselves as good citizens in all classes, during school activities, and in the community. It’s difficult to develop a good reputation on campus and in the community if a cadet violates standards. It’s important to remember that one act of indiscipline can taint our reputation among other students, the faculty, the administration, and members of our community. Expectations of Cadets. Army Instructors will expect the highest standards of conduct in class and during all activities. Cadets are leaders among the student body and are therefore held to a higher standard. JROTC is more than a class, it is a leader development program. This means that a cadet’s behavior, whether it is JROTC, on campus, on the athletic fields or in the community is under constant scrutiny. Cadets who engage in less than honorable behavior, no matter where it may occur, should expect their success within the battalion to be impacted accordingly. The Army Instructors support school, district and Army policies for standards of conduct among cadets. The Cadets of the Cougar Battalion uphold the cadet creed and always do what is right …… even when no one is watching! Cadet leaders are held to an even higher standard than those who are not in leadership positions. Selection as a cadet leader should not be taken lightly and is reserved for only those cadets who can meet the challenge, have proven to be good followers, and have the aptitude and potential to live up to the demands of leadership. Traits of an Outstanding Cadet ✓ Unquestioned Character – Lives by the cadet creed ✓ Positive attitude – A can do attitude ✓ Participate – Gets involved ✓ Commitment to Improve – Eager to learn ✓ Teamwork – Places the team ahead of self Personal Conduct and Responsibility. JROTC cadets are one of the most visible groups on campus because we wear a unique and distinctive uniform. Because of this, cadets must conduct themselves in such a manner so as to bring credit upon themselves and the corps. High standards and courtesy should be the goals at all times, but this is especially important when in uniform. Cadets are expected to be leaders among their peers and set an example that others will follow. ✓ While in uniform, cadets will refrain from public displays of affection, to include holding hands. It is important to the image of the battalion that we set the example in all areas, including this one. 12

✓ A cadet does not lie, cheat or steal, nor tolerate those who do. ✓ Will not, at any time, engage in conduct that brings discredit to the uniform or the corps of cadets ✓ Cadets should be responsible and take accountability for their actions. Leadership is not a privilege to be enjoyed for personal advancement; rather it is a responsibility to those entrusted to their care. Therefore, leaders are expected to engage in leading the team, always keeping the interests of the team in mind ✓ Cadets will be issued Army uniforms and equipment valued at a minimum of $300. Cadets attending the annual encampment will also receive field uniforms and equipment totaling another $200. It is the cadet’s responsibility to maintain and account for all issued uniforms and equipment. Failure to account for the equipment and turn it in as required will result in the school administration being notified and action taken for you to replace or pay for the lost or damaged items (other than fair wear and tear). MILITARY COURTESY Cadets will address the Senior Army Instructor (SAI) as “Colonel (last name)” or “Sir.” The Army Instructor (AI) will be addressed as “Sergeant Major (last name). Cadet officers and noncommissioned officers will be given the same courtesy by subordinate cadets. Saluting. The salute is an exchange of greetings and sign of respect among military personnel. Following are the guidelines that cadets will use to render a hand salute: When in uniform and out-of-doors (on and off campus), cadets will salute and give an appropriate greeting. (Example: “Good morning, Sir/Ma’am). Cadets should salute the following individuals: ✓ The Senior Army Instructor ✓ Officers of the Armed Forces when in uniform ✓ Cadet officers superior in rank (Senior ROTC and Junior ROTC officers, regardless of service). The salute will not be rendered indoors except when reporting to the SAI or superior cadet officer during formal circumstances. Reporting to SAI or AI 1. Knock on the door. Do not enter until told to do so 2. Upon entering the room move directly in front of the SAI / AI desk 3. Cadets in uniform reporting to the SAI should render the hand salute; Hold salute until returned by SAI 4. Cadets stand at attention in the SAI office, parade rest in the AI office 5. Wait for the SAI / AI to tell you to come to “at ease” 13

6. Do not sit down unless invited to do so. You may ask to sit if desired 7. State your business 8. Do not lean on desks or tables 9. When dismissed, come to attention, execute an “about face” and depart. Cadets in uniform reporting to the SAI should render the hand salute after coming to attention. Hold salute until returned Reporting to teacher or school official. Cadets reporting to a teacher or school official are expected to follow the procedure above, less the military movements and saluting. CLASSROOM PROCEDURES Cadets will arrive to class on time and be prepared for the day’s activities. Any cadet reporting late will required to go to the main office to receive a pass. Cadets are not authorized to use the restroom until after roll call and daily notes. Cadets in the restroom during roll call without prior permission from an instructor will be considered late. When the bell rings the cadet first sergeant will call the class (company) to “Attention” and then “Parade Rest” before taking roll. As cadet’s name is read, he/she will come to the position of attention, sound off with “Here, First Sergeant” and then resume the position of parade rest. At the conclusion of roll call the company will be brought to attention, given any instructions and then “Take Seats.” The first class of the day will be required to put ALL chairs on the floor. After roll is taken, attendance must immediately be reported to one of the instructors. The company commander or first sergeant will then read the daily announcements and give battalion leadership meeting summaries the day following the meeting. At the end of the class period, the first sergeant will call the company to attention and then dismiss the cadets. The last class of the day will place ALL chairs on top of the desks. At no time will cadets stand in front of the door or otherwise prepare to leave class without being properly dismissed. In the absence of the company commander and first sergeant, the senior squad leader present should conduct roll and dismissal. Members of the cadet staff are expected to remain in the classroom and participate in classroom activities unless otherwise directed by an instructor. Staff members wishing to use the cadet office or participate in alternative activities during their scheduled class period should obtain approval from an instructor prior to leaving the classroom CLASSROOM RULES Cadets will not slouch in their seats, put their head or feet on their desks, or be disruptive in class. If a cadet is tired and can’t keep from putting their head on the desk, that cadet will be invited to stand in the rear of the room until such time they’re ready to return to their seat more alert. Cadets are not authorized to eat in class unless authorized by an instructor. 14

Cadets will not use cell phones or other electronic devices in class unless authorized by an instructor. Cadets will not chew gum in class Cadets will not wear head bands, head phones or earbuds while in the JROTC building Male cadets are not authorized to wear ear rings in the JROTC building Any cadet required or desiring to leave the JROTC building during the class period must have a pass signed by an instructor. Unless authorized by an instructor, cadets will not intentionally leave or store personal items in the classroom. All items left in the classroom will be placed in the JROTC lost and found. Items unclaimed after 30 days will be donated. THE CADET OFFICE The cadet office is a workspace reserved for use by members of the chain of command and staff to accomplish the responsibilities inherent to their position within the corps of cadets. Use of this office and its automation is a privilege and should be respected. The following rules shall govern the use of the cadet office: Cadets wishing to work in the cadet office during their scheduled class period must obtain the approval of an instructor. During these periods, cadets are expected to work on tasks relating to their JROTC responsibilities. Cadets may not engage in activities other than those related to JROTC responsibilities during their scheduled class period. Cadet’s engaged in official activities have priority of use of the office and automation. Cadets are free to use the cadet office at their discretion before / after school and during other periods if approved by the cadet’s teacher. During these periods, cadets may use the office and automation on a space available basis to conduct other school related activities. Cadets using the office shall not be disruptive to those engaged in official duties. At no time will office automation be used to play games / music or watch video / movies unrelated to the JROTC or school curriculum. Cadets are not authorized to install / download software to office computers without prior approval from an instructor. Cadets may use personal electronic items outside of scheduled class periods in accordance with school policy. All meetings, conversations and use of electronic devices shall not be disruptive to on- going classroom activities. Cadets will not eat or drink in the cadet office unless approved by an instructor. Cadets are not authorized to leave or store personal items within the cadet office without prior approval. These items include but are not limited to: physical fitness attire, personal clothing, book bags, food items, electronic equipment and school projects. All items left in the 15

cadet office will be placed in the JROTC lost and found. Items unclaimed after 30 days will be donated. The cadet office will remain clean and present a professional appearance at all times. Cadets failing to adhere to the provisions outline above may have their privilege suspended or revoked. MERIT AND DEMERIT SYSTEM General. The merit / demerit system is intended to shape behavior by providing both reward and consequence for positive and negative behaviors. The system is not intended to punish but correct behavior. Cadets who receive demerits will be afforded the opportunity to correct the deficiency and have the demerits removed from their records. Cadets who have not received a demerit for an entire school year are eligible for award of the good conduct ribbon. The battalion commander, command sergeant major, company commanders and first sergeants are the only cadets authorized to recommend merits / demerits. All recommendations for merit / demerit must be approved by the AI or SAI. Merits. Merits may be awarded to those cadets who excel in any phase of battalion or school activities. The awarding of merits is recognition for outstanding performance, and there will be no limit to the number of merits that a cadet can accumulate. Any cadet earning more than 40 merits will be eligible for award of the achievement ribbon. Merits maybe recommended for the following: ✓ Actions of extraordinary consideration or thoughtfulness ✓ Voluntary performance of additional duties ✓ Superior military appearance, courtesy or leadership ✓ Any act or achievement which brings credit upon the corps of cadets. Demerits. Demerits are awarded to those cadets whose actions or behaviors are not in keeping with the expectations and standards of a JROTC cadet. Cadets who have outstanding demerits will be ineligible for promotion until the demerits are resolved. Cadets may resolve or work off demerits by participating in additional activities which address a behavioral weakness or community service activities. Demerits may be recommended for the following: ✓ Violation of school or battalion policies or standards ✓ Improper wear of the cadet uniform ✓ Disobedience or disrespect to a superior (Cadet and school staff) ✓ Failure to properly maintain the cadet uniform ✓ Failure to fulfill commitments ✓ Failure to abide by the cadet creed ✓ Any act or behavior that may bring discredit to the corps of cadets 16

GRADING POLICY Cadets participating in JROTC will be graded as follows: Academic exams, essays, presentations, portfolio 35% Weekly uniform inspections 30% Leadership 25% Physical Fitness 10% Academic. Cadets will be administered academic exams, quizzes, assigned essays and presentations throughout to assess student learning and further individual development. Cadets will be evaluated both individually and as a member of a team in both academic and leadership environments. In addition, cadets will also be required to prepare a cadet portfolio, complete the cadet challenge physical assessment and participate in other cadet activities as required. Uniform Inspections. Wearing of the cadet uniform is an important aspect of the JROTC program. The uniform is a tool that helps instill discipline, confidence, self-esteem, teamwork and high morale across the corps of cadets. Cadets will be required to wear the cadet uniform once a week as per the training schedule. Cadets are required to wear the uniform in accordance with the established standards to / from school for the entire day. Exceptions may be made for those students participating in other school activities (i.e. athletics) where changing into or out of the uniform may be impractical. The uniform grade will be assessed through formal inspection during the class period. Cadets who fail to wear the uniform without prior approval or fail to wear it properly throughout the day will receive a zero uniform grade for that day. If a cadet is absent on a uniform day, he / she should wear the uniform on the first day following the absence to receive full credit. Failing to wear the uniform after an absence will result in a zero grade for the uniform day. Cadets receiving a zero may “make up” the grade by wearing the uniform later that same week, but will receive no more than 60 percent of the grade earned. Cadets “making up” a uniform grade must be inspected by an instructor or designated student leadership to receive credit. It is the cadet’s responsibility to ensure they properly inspected and the grade recorded. Cadets may wear the uniform prior to a uniform day if they know they will be absent on a uniform day. Extra credit may be earned by any cadet by wearing the uniform on days other than the scheduled uniform day. A maximum of 10 extra points maybe earned per day with a maximum of 50 points per grading period. Extra credit is recorded by adding the additional points to the preceding uniform grade. Leadership. The leadership grade will be an evaluation of the cadet’s attitude, behavior, preparation, and participation. It is important to note that JROTC is more than an academic class; it is a citizenship and leader development program. This means that cadets are evaluated not only while participating in JROTC activities, but all activities, in and out of the classroom, while enrolled in the program. As a general rule, those students meeting the minimum requirements will be receive a score of 85 out of 100 points. This score may be adjusted up or down as needed to properly reflect the cadet’s performance. 17

Physical Fitness. Physical fitness compliments the health and fitness aspects of the academic curriculum and is important to both physical and emotional well-being. The physical fitness program is designed to foster teamwork, confidence, resilience and espri t de corps across the corps of cadets. Cadets will not be evaluated on their athletic abilities, but on their participation and motivation. Cadets who do not dress or participate in physical fitness without an approved excuse will have 10 points deducted from their physical fitness grade for each session missed. Parents may provide an excusal note for up to one week. Excuses extending beyond one week must be accompanied by a physician’s note. Please note that JROTC instructor’s may require a physician’s note or clearance at their discretion. CHAPTER 4: MOVING UP COMMAND AND STAFF RESPONSIBILITIES Chain of Command. The succession of leaders through whom command is exercised is called the chain-of-command. The chain starts at the top with the commander-in-chief (President of the United States) and ends with the leader immediately above you. It enables the commander to retain the unity of command within the maximum span of control. The battalion commander assigns tasks to the company commander and holds them responsible for the successful execution of the assigned tasks. Company commanders use the same procedures with the squad leader and team leaders. Staff Authority and Responsibility. The staff is a unit consisting of those officers and noncommissioned officers who assist the commander in the exercise of command. They are advisors to the commander in areas assigned to them by the commander. Staff officers will keep the commander informed on matters within their areas of responsibility which may require his/her attention. Battalion Organization 18

Battalion Command and Staff Battalion Commander (BC) (Cadet Lieutenant Colonel) (LET 4). The battalion commander is the most demanding position in the battalion. For a cadet to be selected for this position they must demonstrate the highest moral standards in and out of the classroom, possess superior leadership abilities and be an outstanding role model. The appointed cadet must be able to use common sense and judgment in solving of problems that affect the corps of cadets. The Cadet appointed to this position must be mature and willing to accept responsibility, delegate authority, supervise subordinates, and stand by his/her convictions. Specific duties and responsibilities include: ✓ Responsible for all that the battalion does or fails to do. ✓ Sets and enforces the standards for the battalion. ✓ Fosters a positive command climate throughout the battalion. ✓ Responsible for the good order and discipline of the cadet corps. ✓ Supervises and provides guidance/direction for the staff officers, company commanders, and the battalion command sergeant major. ✓ Ensures that all battalion events are properly planned, coordinated, resourced and executed efficiently. ✓ Ensures compliance with policies and procedures within the battalion. ✓ Serves as the president of the student activity fund council ✓ Advises Senior Army Instructor of all cadet concerns and matters that may affect the battalion. Battalion Command Sergeant Major (Cadet CSM) (LET 3/4). The Battalion CSM is the senior enlisted member of the Cadet Corps. As such, he/she supervises the other enlisted members of the battalion. The CSM is responsible to the battalion commander and advises him/her on all matters pertaining to enlisted cadets. The specific duties and responsibilities for the CSM include: ✓ Assists the battalion commander as required. ✓ Serves as the battalion commander’s senior enlisted advisor. ✓ Ensures that cadets maintain a good military bearing and appearance. ✓ Sets the example in appearance, conduct and participation ✓ Assists / advises the battalion staff and subordinate NCOs as needed to accomplish assigned missions. The battalion’s principle trainer for drill and ceremony and PT activities. Supervises color guard and all flag details. Oversees and manages daily flag details to ensure that the flags are properly raised and lowered each school day. ✓ Ensures that areas in and around the JROTC buildings are properly maintained and clean at all times to include the cadet office and class rooms. ✓ Manages merit / demerit program on behalf of the commander. Ensures that merit / demerits are properly recorded within JUMS. ✓ Serves as a member of the student activity fund council. 19

Battalion Executive Officer (XO) (Cadet Major) (LET 4). The executive officer is responsible to the battalion commander for the operations and function of the battalion staff. Specific responsibilities and duties include: ✓ Assumes command in the battalion in the absence of the battalion commander. ✓ Supervises and coordinates the efforts of the battalion staff on behalf of the commander to ensure that all battalion functions are properly planned, resourced, coordinated and executed. ✓ Ensures that the staff is informed of and complies with the commander’s intent. ✓ Fosters a positive leadership climate and open communication with the staff. ✓ Orchestrates and manages battalion staff meetings. ✓ Maintains suspense log and ensures all projects and reports are completed accurately and on time. ✓ Monitors student activity funds and provides periodic reporting to the battalion staff. ✓ Serves as the vice-president of the student activity fund council. ✓ Performs all other duties as assigned by the battalion commander and SAI. Battalion Personnel Officer (S1) (Cadet First Lieutenant) (LET 3/4). The S1 is the administrative assistant and advisor to the battalion commander on all personnel and health/welfare concerns. The S1 specific duty and responsibilities include: ✓ Principal staff officer for all matters concerning human resources, including personnel readiness, personnel services, and records management. ✓ Prepares and maintains personnel files, strength reports, rosters, and records with JROTC Unit Management System (JUMS). ✓ Plans and organizes the execution of promotion boards, awards ceremonies, change of command and promotion ceremonies, along with social events. ✓ Maintains operational control over any special committees as directed by the battalion commander or SAI. ✓ Trains, assists and supervises the S1N in the performance of assigned duties. ✓ Maintains S1 smart / continuity book. ✓ Serves as a member of the student activity fund council. ✓ Performs other duties as assigned by the battalion commander or SAI. Personnel Sergeant Major (S1N) (Cadet Sergeant First Class) (LET 3/4). The S1N serves as the NCO assistant to the Battalion S1. This position prepares selected cadets for future consideration for the battalion S1position. The S1N coordinates closely with the CSM to ensure all activities and details are properly resourced to meet mission requirements. The S1N assists the S1 in the accomplishment of all duties as assigned and assumes the role of S1in the absence of the S1. Battalion Automation / Security Officer (S2) (Cadet First Lieutenant) (LET 3/4). The S2 is the primary assistant and advisor to the battalion commander on all automation and physical security concerns. The S2 specific duty and responsibilities include: ✓ Principal staff officer for all matters concerning automation and security, including arms room, range, supply room and the cadet office Maintains and posts current access roster for 20

arms room and supply room. ✓ Ensures the monthly sensitive item serial number inventory of all weapons and equipment is properly conducted and documented. ✓ Ensures compliance with all security check requirements for supply, arms room and air rifle range. ✓ Supervises cadet office automation use and software restriction to ensure compliance with battalion and school policies. ✓ Maintains S2 smart / continuity book. ✓ Performs other duties as assigned by the commander or SAI Plans, Operations, Training and Security Officer (S3) (Cadet Major) (LET 4). The S3 assists the commander in the planning, coordinating and execution of all battalion activities. The S3 specific duties and responsibilities include: ✓ Prepares and publishes short and long-range training schedules at the direction of the SAI. ✓ Prepares and disseminates plans, schedules and orders in support of battalion activities. ✓ Coordinates for and reserves required facilities as needed to support planned activities. ✓ Coordinates with the battalion staff to ensure all events are properly supported. ✓ Ensures all battalion activities and instruction properly rehearsed with goals and objectives are clearly understood prior to the execution of activities/events. ✓ Ensures that all required training is properly documented within JUMS. ✓ Monitors cadet portfolios to ensure compliance with CCR 145-2. Provides SAI with detailed assessment on a reoccurring basis. ✓ Prepares and maintains risk assessments (CCR 385-1-R-E) for the SAI’s approval for all battalion events. ✓ Plans, organizes and conducts training meetings and rehearsals. ✓ Assume command in the absence of both the battalion commander and battalion executive officer. ✓ Trains, assists and supervises the S3N in the performance of assigned duties. ✓ Conducts and documents after action reviews of all activities ✓ Maintains and posts current access roster for arms room and supply room. ✓ Serves as a member of the student activity fund council ✓ Maintains S3 smart / continuity book. ✓ Performs other duties as assigned by the commander or SAI Operations Sergeant Major (S3N) (Cadet MSG-SGM) (LET 3/4). The S3N serves as the NCO assistant to the Battalion S3. The S3N coordinates closely with the CSM to ensure all activities and details are properly organized and carried out to meet mission requirements. The S3N assists the S3 in the accomplishment of all duties as assigned and assumes the role of S3 in the absence of the S3. Logistics Officer (S4) (Cadet First Lieutenant) (LET 3/4). The S4 is responsible to the commander for the maintenance, security, record keeping, issue, and turn-in of all US government property. Under the supervision of the instructor staff, the logistics officer determines supply requirements; maintains a running inventory of property; requisitions, procures, and stores supplies; collects and disposes of excess and salvage equipment and clothing. The S4 specific duties and responsibilities: 21

✓ Primary staff officer responsible for coordinating and integrating supply, maintenance, transportation, and services to meet mission requirements. ✓ Conducts issue and turn-in of uniforms, accoutrements, special equipment. ✓ Documents and maintains JROTC clothing and equipment records for each cadet within the JUMS. ✓ Maintains accountability of all sensitive items and nonexpendable equipment. ✓ Maintains inventory of expendable items; prepares requisitions as needed to maintain required on-hand quantities. ✓ Maintains the record of all logistics and supply actions in the JUMS. ✓ Supervises periodic inventories and reporting of all sensitive items. ✓ Ensures the monthly sensitive item serial number inventory of all weapons and equipment is properly conducted. ✓ Determines and resources logistical requirements in support of battalion events. ✓ Maintains the supply room, ensures it is functional, neat and orderly. ✓ Monitors the serviceability of all flags, guidons and streamers, replaces as needed. ✓ Ensures the cleanliness and serviceability of battalion air rifles and support equipment. ✓ Maintains unit filing system that relates to daily operational support within the battalion. ✓ Conduct supply training as needed. ✓ Trains, assists and supervises the S4N in the performance of assigned duties. ✓ Performs other duties as assigned by the commander or SAI. Logistics Sergeant Major (S4N) (Cadet MSG-SGM) (LET 3/4). The S4N serves as the NCO assistant to the Battalion S4. This position prepares selected cadets for future consideration for the battalion S4 position. The S4N coordinates closely with the CSM to ensure all activities and details are properly resourced to meet mission requirements. The S4N assists the S4 in the accomplishment of all duties as assigned and assumes the role of S4 in the absence of the S4. Public Affairs Officer (S5) (Cadet First Lieutenant) (LET 3/4) The S5 is the “spokesperson” for the cadet corps. The S5 is the contact between the cadet corps and all of the representatives of the student body, the faculty, and the local news media. The S5 must be alert to assure that the many JROTC activities are publicized in such a way as to create the best possible image of the cadet corps and Robert G. Cole High School. The specific duties and responsibilities of the Battalion S5 include: ✓ Prepares and distributes approved news releases to the local news media. News / web site releases will be prepared on all awards ceremonies; formal inspections; community involvement, parades and community events or other announcements that would enhance the image of the program. ✓ Maintains the historical record (Year Book) of events of the battalion. This record shall contain all news articles, photographs and other items of information pertaining to the cadet corps. ✓ Maintains a journal of all extracurricular events of a civic action nature in which the battalion participates or supports, i.e. parades, color guard support, football games, competitions etc. ✓ Maintains the unit bulletin boards and trophy cases. ✓ Maintains the battalion web page. ✓ Publishes and distributes quarterly newsletter. ✓ Produces the battalion video each year. ✓ Principal staff officer for cadet recruitment; plans and organizes all recruiting activities for the battalion. 22

✓ Trains, assists and supervises the S5N in the performance of assigned duties. ✓ Serves as a member of the student activity fund council ✓ Performs other duties as assigned by the commander or SAI. Public Affairs Noncommissioned Officer (S5N) (Cadet NCO) (LET 2/3/4) The S5N serves as the NCO assistant to the Battalion S5. The S5N coordinates closely with the CSM to ensure all recruiting and public relation activities are properly organized and carried out to meet mission requirements. The S5N assists the S5 in the accomplishment of all duties as assigned and assumes the role of S5 in the absence of the S5. Volunteer Coordinator (S6) (Cadet First Lieutenant) (LET 3/4). The S6 serves as the single point of contact for all volunteer activities and reporting within the battalion. The S6 will identify, research, evaluate and recommend potential volunteer activities to the battalion commander. The S6 will, in concert with the battalion staff, plan, resource and coordinate selected activities. The S6 will solicit and track cadet participation and provide report of each event and provide cumulative reporting as directed. Specific duties of the S6 include: ✓ Identifies volunteer activities for consideration ✓ Research potential volunteer activities to ensure that the activities provide a meaningful experience to cadets and provide tangible benefit to the community ✓ Recommends activities to the battalion commander ✓ Plans and coordinates with battalion staff to ensure selected activities are properly planned, resourced and organized ✓ Coordinates with company command teams to solicit and manage volunteers for events ✓ Monitors and reports cadet participation in each event ✓ Establishes and manages a volunteer hour tracking system ✓ Monitors volunteer hours and recommends award of the volunteer service ribbon as required ✓ Assists the battalion commander in the establishment and monitoring of annual volunteer goals ✓ Trains, assists and supervises the S6N in the performance of assigned duties ✓ Serves as a member of the student activity fund council ✓ Performs other duties as assigned by the commander or SAI Volunteer Noncommissioned Officer (S6N) (Cadet NCO) (LET 2/3/4) The S6N serves as the NCO assistant to the Battalion S6. The S6N coordinates closely with the CSM & S3N to ensure all volunteer activities are properly organized, resourced and carried out to meet mission requirements. The S6N ensures that all volunteer activities are properly documented and individual cadet hours are properly recorded and reported. The S6N assumes the role in the absence of the S6. Resource Management / Fundraising Officer (S8) (Cadet First Lieutenant) (LET 3/4). The S8 serves as the single point of contact for all fundraising activities and management of the student activity fund. The S8 will identify, research, evaluate and recommend potential fundraising activities to the Senior Army Instructor and the cadet battalion commander. The S8 will, in concert with the Senior Army Instructor and battalion staff, plan, resource and coordinate all fundraising activities. The S8 will ensure strict accountability of all fundraising items for sale and funds collected. The S8 will manage cadet participation in all fundraising and provide report of each event and provide cumulative reporting as directed. Specific duties of the S6 include: 23

✓ Identifies fundraising activities for consideration ✓ Evaluate fundraising activities and provide recommendations to the Senior Army Instructor and cadet battalion commander ✓ Plans and coordinates with battalion staff to ensure selected activities are properly planned, resourced and organized ✓ Coordinates with company command teams to solicit and manage fundraising for events ✓ Ensure strict accountability and security of fundraising items for sale and funds collected. ✓ Monitors and reports cadet participation in each fundraising event ✓ Serves as the secretary for the student fund council ✓ Monitors fundraising activities and recommends award of the fundraising ribbon as required ✓ Coordinates with the senior Army Instructor and cadet battalion commander to establish annual fundraising goals ✓ Trains, assists and supervises the S8N in the performance of assigned duties ✓ Performs other duties as assigned by the commander or SAI Volunteer Noncommissioned Officer (S8N) (Cadet NCO) (LET 2/3/4) The S8N serves as the NCO assistant to the Battalion S8. The S8N coordinates closely with the CSM & S3N to ensure all fundraising activities are properly organized, resourced and carried out to meet mission requirements. The S8N ensures that all fundraising activities are properly documented and individual cadet participation are properly recorded and reported. The S8N assumes the role in the absence of the S8. SPECIAL STAFF The special staff coordinates unique mission requirements on behalf of the battalion commander. The special staff is not a member of the coordinating staff and thus reports directly to the battalion commander. Leadership & Character Development Corps Commander (LCDC) (Cadet Major) (LET 3/4): Working in coordination with the middle school instructor, the LCDC Commander is responsible for the development and discipline of the middle school cadet corps and its integration into the JROTC corps of cadets. Responsibilities of the Commander include: ✓ Advise the JROTC & middle school instructors and battalion staff on all matters impacting the LCDC program ✓ Serves as the advocate for the LCDC program, ensuring the programs full integration into the JROTC corps of cadets ✓ Trains, develops and mentors LCDC cadets to ensure all LCDC cadets are knowledgeable of: o Uniform standards o Behavioral and performance standards o Mandatory knowledge o Drill & ceremony ✓ Assists the LCDC instructor plan, coordinate, resource and execute LCDC training and extracurricular activities ✓ Recommends LCDC members for promotion, reward and discipline as required ✓ Sets a positive example for all LCDC cadets Leadership & Character Development Corps (LCDC) First Sergeant (Cadet First Sergeant) (LET 24

3/4): The LCDC First Sergeant the LCDC Instructor and LCDC Commander execute their responsibilities. The senior LCDC assistant assumes the role of LCDC Liaison in their absence. Leadership & Character Development Corps (LCDC) Staff (LET 2/3/4): Cadets maybe assigned to work as members of the LCDC staff as needed. When assigned the roles and responsibilities will mirror those of the battalion staff equivalent. COMPANY OFFICERS / NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS Company Commander (CO CDR) (Cadet Captain) (LET 3/4). The company commander is responsible for all the company does or fails to do. The commander exercises control of the company through the first sergeant and squad leaders. The company commander keeps the battalion commander apprised of the status of the company at all times. The commander recommends assignment, reassignment, promotions, and reduction of cadets under their command. The commander must be an expert in all phases of drill. The following are some of your specific duties: ✓ Ensures the good order and discipline of the company. ✓ Fosters a positive command climate throughout company. ✓ Is responsible for the conduct of the cadets during JROTC classes and activities. ✓ Ensures that the company is in the right place, at the right time, in the right uniform and is ready to conduct training in accordance with the training schedule. ✓ Ensures that unit members are informed of all on-going activities and announcements. ✓ Prepares and leads the company for physical readiness training and in-ranks inspections. ✓ Conducts in-ranks inspections of assigned cadets. ✓ Trains and leads drill and ceremony activities. ✓ Trains, coaches and develops subordinate leaders. ✓ Recommends promotions, awards and punishments of unit members to the battalion commander and SAI. ✓ Carries out the orders of the chain of command. ✓ Attends staff meetings and other official functions for the company. Company First Sergeant (CO 1SG) (1SG) (LET 3/4). The 1SG assists the company commander in executing the responsibilities of command. The senior enlisted cadet in the company, the 1SG is responsible for the morale and welfare of all assigned. While the 1SG assists with administrative duties, their primary function is translate the plans and orders of the commander into action. The 1SG works closely with the CSM to maintain the good order and discipline of the corps of cadets. Specific duties and responsibilities include: ✓ As the primary trainer for the company; the 1SG is the technical expert on drill and ceremonies, physical fitness, proper wear of the uniform, customs and courtesies, promotions, as well as, mandatory knowledge. ✓ Ensures that the orders and goals of the chain of command are accomplished. ✓ Sets the standards, ensures all cadets comply with established policies and standards. ✓ Recommends promotions, awards and punishments of unit members to the company commander. ✓ Is responsible for the conduct of the cadets during JROTC classes and activities. ✓ Trains, coaches and develops subordinate leaders. 25

✓ Develops a spirit of teamwork and respect within the company. ✓ Maintains accountability of personnel and equipment. ✓ Ensures that unit members are informed of all on-going activities and announcements. ✓ Keeps the commander informed on all matters pertaining to health and welfare of cadets. ✓ Ensures that the company is in the right place, at the right time, in the right uniform and is ready to conduct training in accordance with the training schedule and commander’s guidance. ✓ Assists with administrative matters as directed by the company commander. ✓ Assumes command in the absence of the company commander. Squad Leader (SQL) Cadet NCO (LET 2/3/4). The squad leader assists the company first sergeant in execution of their responsibilities. The squad leader is the direct supervisor, trainer and mentor for all members of the squad. Specific duties and responsibilities include: ✓ Maintain accountability of all squad members at all times. ✓ Ensure the discipline of all squad members ✓ Ensure that all squad members are knowledgeable of: o Uniform standards o Behavioral and performance standards o Mandatory knowledge o Drill & ceremony ✓ Ensures that all cadets are prepared for inspection ✓ Recommends squad members for promotion, reward and discipline as required ✓ Sets a positive example for squad members PROMOTION AND REDUCTION POLICY General. The promotion system is an important element of the JROTC program’s educational and leader development goals and is essential to the viability of the corps of cadets. It is the goal of the promotion system to advance deserving cadets to ranks of increasing responsibility where their leadership potential can be leveraged for the betterment of the battalion. Officer & Sergeant Major Promotions. Cadet officers and sergeant majors are appointed by the SAI in grades consistent with the leadership responsibilities to be fulfilled by the cadet. For example, a cadet selected to serve as the battalion commander will be appointed to the grade of cadet lieutenant colonel. Available positions, qualifications and the application / selection process are announced in the spring to select cadets for leadership for the following year. Specific criteria and procedures will be outlined in the position announcement. Non Commissioned Officer Promotions (SGT-MSG). NCO promotions (SGT-MSG) will be made via a formalized selection process. Prior to each promotion board company commanders evaluate all cadets assigned to their company for promotion to the next higher grade. The commander will submit a nomination for those cadets deemed ready for promotion. The nomination will be reviewed and approved by the cadet battalion commander, AI and SAI before being scheduled for the promotion board. Approved cadets will be placed before the next available board in accordance with the board standard operating procedures. Cadets must be passing all classes with a minimum of 70 points (60 points AP/PreAP) to be considered for promotion to SGT-MSG. 26

Enlisted / Corporal Promotions (PVT-CPL). At the conclusion of each grading period all privates (E1-E3) will be considered for promotion. Cadets meeting the following criteria will be advanced to the next higher rank. 1. Be in good standing – no outstanding demerits or disciplinary issues in or out of the program. 2. Earn a B or better in JROTC for the previous grading period. 3. Earn a passing grade in all other academic classes during the previous grading period* 4. Be recommended for promotion by their company commander. * An additional 10 points will be added to the academic average of AP & Pre AP courses when determining academic eligibility. Advanced placement. Cadets who successfully complete one or two years of the Leadership & Character Development Corps curriculum will be advanced to the grade of Private (E2) or Private First Class (E3), respectively, upon entry into the JROTC program. Merit Promotions. Cadets whose actions, achievements or potential far exceeds that of cadets of same grade may be considered for a merit or on-the-spot promotion. Any cadet may nominate another for consideration. All nomination should be submitted in writing to the chain of command for consideration. The nomination should clearly state the facts and rational for the action. Cadets approved for merit promotion by the SAI will not be required to appear before a board and will be advanced next higher grade. Cadets who have outstanding demerits are ineligible for promotion until demerits are resolved. Reductions. Cadets maybe considered for reduction in grade for serious violations of the standards of personal conduct or failure to fulfill responsibilities of grade or position. Reduction shall be considered when other means of rehabilitation have failed or deemed inappropriate. All recommendations for reduction shall be forwarded directly to the AI or SAI for consideration. The SAI may reduce a cadet one or multiple grades based upon the circumstances. CADET RANK ABBREVIATIONS C/COL- Cadet Colonel C/LTC- Cadet Lieutenant Colonel C/MAJ- Cadet Major C/CPT- Cadet Captain C/1LT- Cadet First Lieutenant C/2LT- Cadet Second Lieutenant C/CSM- Cadet Command Sergeant Major C/SGM- Cadet Sergeant Major 27

C/1SG - Cadet First Sergeant C/MSG- Cadet Master Sergeant C/SFC- Cadet Sergeant First Class C/SSG- Cadet Staff Sergeant C/SGT- Cadet Sergeant C/CPL- Cadet Corporal C/PFC- Cadet Private First Class C/PVT- Cadet Private 28

PROMOTION BOARDS General. Promotion boards are charged with evaluating and selecting cadets who demonstrate the potential for advanced responsibilities. Cadets selected should be role models who represent the highest ideals of the JROTC program. While the standards for promotion are high, promotion boards are not to be considered a “rite of passage.” Cadets appearing before the promotion board have been endorsed by the chain of command and are therefore considered ready for promotion. Boards will evaluate recommendations and board performance to ensure the integrity and consistency of the promotion system. 29

Responsibility. The battalion S1 shall oversee and direct all board actions on behalf of the Battalion Commander and the Senior Army Instructor. Scheduling. Promotion boards will be scheduled not more than one per month each October, November, January, February, March, April and May of each academic year. Promotion boards will normally be scheduled in conjunction with a uniform day. Board dates will be announced at the beginning of the school year and posted to the long-term training calendar. Board composition. A promotion board will consist of at least three cadets equal to or senior in grade to the highest rank to be considered by the board. For example, if the board is to consider a cadet for promotion to the rank of staff sergeant, all board members must be a staff sergeant or above. The board president will be a cadet officer in the rank of captain or above. Careful consideration must be given to the selection of all board members to ensure they have the appropriate experience and represent the highest standards in and out of the classroom. At no time will the board president or its members have a direct supervisory or personal relationship with those being considered that could prejudice the outcome. All board members will be approved by the SAI prior to the board. Post-Board. The battalion S1 will validate all board documents and publish the promotion list. Only those cadets selected for promotion will appear on the list. Cadets selected for promotion will be promoted on the first uniform day following the promotion board. Non selected cadets will be provided feedback by their company commander or first sergeant. CADET OF THE MONTH (COM) / CADET OF THE YEAR (COY): General. The COM and the COY program recognizes outstanding LET 1 cadets as being among the best junior leaders in the battalion. It is therefore important to select only those cadets who possess outstanding military bearing and are positive role models in and out of the classroom. Procedures. Company commanders may recommend one cadet per company to compete for COM. Commanders shall not be required to submit a recommendation for COM if, in the assessment of the commander, no cadets within the company are deemed ready. Cadets selected as the COM shall not be nominated for future COM boards. Cadets considered, but not selected, may be recommended for future boards at the discretion of the company commander. Cadets with outstanding demerits may not be recommended for COM. Cadets must be passing all classes with a minimum of 70 points (60 points AP/PreAP) to be considered for COM. All cadets selected as COM are eligible to compete for the COY board. Board Members. The COM board will consist of at least three LET 3 / LET 4 cadets, the president a cadet officer. The COY board will consist of at least five LET 3 / LET 4 cadets, the battalion commander serves as board president. Board members shall have no supervisory or personal relationship with any cadet to be considered by the board. Careful consideration must be given to the selection of all board members to ensure they have the appropriate experience and represent the highest standards in and out of the classroom. All board members will be approved by the SAI prior to the board. Board Procedures. Cadets appearing before the COM board will be required to recite the cadet 30

creed, undergo uniform inspection, and answer mandatory knowledge, as well as, current event questions. Cadets will be asked total of eight mandatory knowledge questions from the cadet mandatory knowledge packet and two current event questions. In selecting questions, board members should avoid asking minute details, such as dates and names, and instead focus on questions that demonstrate a general understanding of the event and its corresponding impact. Board members should consider the experience level of COM candidates in making their assessment. The board president will complete a COM worksheet (Figure 6) for each candidate appearing before the board. At the conclusion of the board, the board president will complete the record of COM board proceedings (Figure 7) and turn it in with all board worksheets to battalion S1. The board president and members are encouraged to provide constructive feedback to all candidates appearing before the board. The result, however, may not be released until officially reviewed and approved by the Senior Army Instructor. The COY board shall not be bound by the content restrictions of the COM boards. At the discretion of the battalion commander, board members may ask questions covering any subject matter covered during the academic year. The COY board may also include drill or other evaluations as deemed appropriate. The battalion commander shall ensure consistency throughout the evaluation process. Post-Board. The battalion S1 will validate all board documents and prepare the announcement for the Senior Army Instructor’s signature. Selections will be announced on the JROTC bulletin board and school information monitors. Cadets appearing for promotion or special boards should refer to Appendix A of this guide for specific instructions for going before a board. EXTRACURICCULAR ACTIVITIES General. Cadets are encouraged to participate in JROTC extracurricular activities. Cadets participating on JROTC competitive teams represent the battalion in competition against other JROTC units representing all the services. Cadets who meet the eligibility criteria may be awarded team cords, ribbons and varsity letters. All teams are sponsored by a JROTC instructor and led by a cadet team captain. Competitive Teams 1. Color Guard (Male & Female Teams) 2. Physical Fitness (Male & Female Teams) 3. Marksmanship Team (Non gender specific) Eligibility. All cadets who meet academic criteria established by the University Interscholastic League (UIL) are eligible to be a member of a competitive team. JROTC teams do not “cut- down” or drop cadets from their teams. All cadets who actively attend practice are eligible to make competition squad. This squad may change from competition to competition. The team’s instructor sponsor will outline practice and competition schedules and competition squad selection. Cadets must be passing all classes with a minimum of 70 points (60 points AP/PreAP) to compete as member of a competitive team. Note: The JROTC supports well-balanced students who participate in numerous school activities (JROTC & Non JROTC activities alike). The relatively small size of the Cole student body 31

affords students many opportunities to be well-balanced, but may present many challenges. While we work closely with athletic coaches and other team sponsors to balance all needs, there may be conflicts and hard choices for cadets. Cadets considering competition teams should discuss other activities with the instructor sponsor as soon as possible. Ceremonial Team. The JROTC also offers ceremonial teams for special events. Team members perform funeral details, sabre guards and ceremonial color guards as needed to support corps, school and community events. Cadets who meet the eligibility maybe awarded a team cord and ribbons. CHAPTER 5: WEAR OF THE UNIFORM General. Wearing of the cadet uniform is an honor and privilege that should be taken very seriously. Army JROTC cadets are, by virtue of wearing the Army uniform, representatives of our great army and the values it represents. Cadets are charged with wearing the uniform in a manner that brings credit upon the Cougar Battalion corps of cadets and the United States Army. Guidelines Cadets are required to wear the cadet uniform on Wednesday of each week. The uniform will be worn in its entirety to / from and during the school day. Failure to comply with this requirement may impact the cadet’s uniform and leadership grade. Wear of the cadet uniform is strictly forbidden in the following situations: ✓ In connection with the furtherance of any political or commercial interests, or when engaged in off-duty civilian employment. ✓ When participating in public speeches, interviews, picket lines, marches, rallies, or public demonstrations. ✓ When attending any meeting or event that is a function of, or is sponsored by, an ✓ extremist organization. ✓ When its wear would bring discredit to the United States Army. ✓ Unless specifically authorized, uniforms will not be worn outside the United States and its territories Personal Appearance Policies Cadets in the JROTC program are responsible for their appearance in uniform. All cadets will maintain a high standard of dress and appearance. The uniform will be properly fitted, cleaned, serviced, and pressed. Cadets will ensure that articles carried in their pockets, i.e., wallets, comb, cell phone, money and keys do not protrude from the pocket or present a bulky appearance. When in a Class A uniform, all buttons will be buttoned and brass will be cleaned and polished. In a Class B uniform, the top button on the collared shirt is to remain unbuttoned unless the necktie is worn. 32

Male shirts are to be tucked in with the seam of the shirt aligned with the seam of the fly of the trousers. Male cadets wear a plain white crew neck T-shirt under Class A and B uniforms. Wearing of Jewelry Cadets in uniform are authorized to wear one wristwatch, one bracelet, and no more than one ring per hand. Any necklace will not be visible while wearing the uniform. Earrings. Female cadets in uniform may wear earrings that do not exceed 6mm or ¼ inch in diameter may be worn. They will be of gold, silver, pearl white, or diamonds. Earrings will fit snugly against the lobe of the ear and will be worn as a matched pair with only one earring per ear lobe. No other piercings may be worn while in uniform. Males are not permitted to wear earrings or have any other piercings of any kind that are visible while in uniform. Band-Aids will not be used to cover unauthorized earrings while in uniform. Fingernails: Fingernails will be kept clean and neatly trimmed. Females may wear polish that is not exaggerated, faddish, or of extreme coloring (such as purple, gold, blue or white) while in uniform. Finger nail length may not extend more than ¼ inch past the end of the tip of the finger. Grooming Standards Female. Female hair will be neatly groomed. The length and bulk of the hair will not be excessive or present a ragged, unkempt, or extreme appearance. Hair will not fall over the eyebrows or extend below the bottom edge of the collar. Hairstyles will not interfere with proper wearing of headgear. Female hair will be neatly groomed consisting of a solid natural color. Lines or designs will not be cut into the scalp. Hair holding ornaments (barrettes, pins, clips) - If used, must be transparent or similar in color to the hair, and will be inconspicuously placed. Beads or similar ornamental items are not authorized. Hair will not touch the collar. Cadets may have braids or corn rows but must be inconspicuous and may not extend below the bottom edge of the collar. Cosmetics. Female cadets in uniform are authorized to wear cosmetics with all uniforms, provided they are applied modestly and conservatively, and that they complement both the complexion and the uniform. Eccentric, exaggerated, or faddish cosmetic styles and colors are not permitted. Female cadets will not wear shades of lipstick that distinctly contrast with the natural color of their lips, that detract from the uniform, or that are faddish, eccentric, or exaggerated. 33

Male. Male hair must be off the ears and collar. Shaves will be clean with no visible hairs (mustaches are the only allowed facial hair, however they must be neat in appearance) and cannot extend beyond the corners of the mouth and will not appear “bushy”. Side burns will be no longer than the bottom opening of the ear. Male hair will be neatly groomed consisting of a solid natural color. The length and bulk of the hair will not be excessive or present a ragged, unkempt, or extreme appearance. Hair should present a tapered appearance and may fall over the eyebrows or extend below the bottom edge of the collar. Hairstyles will not interfere with proper wearing of headgear. Lines or designs will not be cut into the scalp. Male or female cadets may not shave or close cut one or both sides of the scalp, leaving a large volume of hair on top. Cuts on the sides of the scalp should present a tapered appearance that creates a smooth transition to hair on top of the scalp. Bowl style hair styles are not permitted. Care of the Uniform Cadets are responsible for the appearance and upkeep of their uniform. Cadets must ensure that their uniform is maintained at the highest possible level. How you care for your uniform is a direct reflection of your personal discipline, pride and commitment to the corps of cadets. Uniforms should be cleaned and pressed on a regular basis to ensure they maintain a professional appearance. When not worn, the uniform should be stored properly on a clothes hanger. Uniforms will be issued at the beginning of the school year clean and are expected to be returned clean. Damaged or ill-fitting uniforms should not be worn and be returned to the supply room as soon as possible. Failure to properly maintain the uniform may negatively impact grades and overall success within the program. Uniform Components Female Male Beret Beret Grey Shirt Grey Shirt Blue Slacks Blue Slacks Black Oxford Shoes Black Oxford Shoes Black socks Black socks Black windbreaker Black windbreaker Name Tag Name Tag Authorized awards and ribbons Authorized awards and ribbons Belt and buckle Belt and buckle The Class A Uniform: (Consists of the class B uniform, plus the following) Female Male Blue Coat Blue Coat Neck Tab Neck Tie 34

Wearing of Ribbons and Medals: Ribbons. Ribbons will be worn in the order of precedence from right to left as worn. (Most important ribbon is placed to the wearer’s right) Award precedence and description can be found at Appendix G. If more than one row of ribbons is worn, the rows must be aligned with no more than 1/8 inch gap in between each row. No more than three ribbons will be worn in any one row. When the jacket interferes with the display of ribbons, the ribbons maybe staggered. For specific instructions on staggering ribbons see CCR 145-2 or AR 670-1. Medals. When an award consists of a ribbon and medal, cadets may select to wear the medal or ribbon, but may not wear both simultaneously. When worn, medals will be worn in order of precedence no more than 1/8 inch below the ribbons and no more than 1/8 inch in between rows. No more than three medals will be worn in a row. Shoulder Cords. No more than one cord may be worn on each shoulder. A single cord is worn on the left shoulder, and two cords are worn in order of precedence from the wearer's left to right. Shoulder cord precedence and description can be found at Appendix G. Proper Wear of Uniform Accessories: Headgear. Headgear will be worn at all times when outdoors; headgear will not be worn indoors unless specifically directed. Officer cadets will wear insignia on rank, all others will wear the ROTC insignia. The Gray Beret. The gray beret is worn so that the headband (edge binding) is straight across the forehead, 1 inch above the eyebrows. The flash is positioned over the left eye; excess material is draped over the right ear and no lower than the middle of the ear. The beret maybe adjusted with the draw string with the excess material tucked under the beret. When worn properly, the beret is formed to the shape of the head; therefore, cadets may not wear hairstyles that distort the shape of the beret. Shoes. Male cadets will wear the issue black oxford style shoes with the cadet uniform. Female cadets may wear issue the issue black oxford or pump style shoes at their discretion. Please note that the availability of the pump style footwear maybe limited. 35

Socks. All cadets will wear black calf length black socks while wearing the oxford style uniform shoe. The sock shall not have logos, patterns or words imprinted upon the sock. Female cadets may wear neutral (no color) calf length stockings when wearing the pump style shoe. Belt. The female cadet’s belt is first pushed through the (wearers) right front loop of the trousers and adjusted to allow only the tip of the belt to protrude from the buckle. The male cadet’s belt is first pushed through the (wearers) left front loop of the trousers and adjusted to allow only the tip of the belt to protrude from the buckle. Gig line. Line up the tip of the belt with the end of the brass buckle so that none of the belt shows. This makes the belt buckle appear as one solid unit. Align the edge of the shirt, belt buckle, and zipper flap so that they form an unbroken vertical line. Neckties / Neck Tab. When worn male cadets will wear the issued necktie tied utilizing one of the methods found at appendix B. Female cadets will wear the issued neck tab as required. Skirt. Female cadets may wear the uniform skirt with either Class A or B uniforms. Skirts should be worn so that the waistline sits naturally at the waistline. Skirts will present a professional appearance will not be overly tight or loose fitting. The skirt will length will be between one inch above to two inches below the center of the knee Windbreaker. Cadets are NOT authorized to wear civilian jackets with the cadet uniform. The only authorized jacket is the issue black windbreaker. When worn the jacket should be zipped at least ¾ of the way to the top. Appropriate rank insignia will be worn on the epaulets of the jacket. 36

The Class A Uniform. The class A uniform will be worn on specified uniform days / events in accordance with the diagrams below. 37

Note: Female cadets may adjust the placement of the ribbons to conform to individual body-shape differences 38

The Class B Uniform. There are several variations of the Class B uniform. Unless specified, cadets are free to wear the Class B combination of their choosing. Female Cadets. The short sleeve shirt maybe worn with or without the neck tab. The neck tab must, however, be worn when wearing the long sleeve shirt. Female cadets are authorized to wear slacks or skirt and the long or short-sleeve shirt. Female cadets may wear issued flats or service pumps. Male Cadets. The short sleeve shirt maybe worn with or without the neck tie. The necktie is required when wearing the long sleeve shirt. Male cadets will wear the issue black oxford shoes. 39

Keys to Looking Your Best: ✓ Keep uniform clean and pressed ✓ Wear insignia & awards properly (Double check) ✓ Shine shoes and brass ✓ Have a properly tied neck tie ✓ Have a sharp haircut / style ✓ Wear your headgear outside; Remove inside ✓ Act professionally ✓ Stand tall and be proud – you earned it! 40

CHAPTER 6: DRILL & CEREMONIES Stationary Movements Stationary movements include attention and rest positions, facing, and saluting. These movements, along with marching techniques, make up the squad and company movements. In drill, you start most of your movements from the position of attention. However, you will discover that in some instances, you execute certain rest movements from other rest positions. Position of Attention You assume the position of attention on the command “fall in” or “squad (company etc.), attention.” 41

To assume the position of attention, bring your heels together sharply on line, with your toes pointing out equally in a 45 degree angle. Rest the weight of your body evenly on the heels and balls of both your feet. Keep your legs straight without locking your knees. Hold your body straight with the level of your hips, chest lifted and arched, and shoulders square. Keep your head and face straight to the front, with your chin drawn in so that your head and neck are on a vertical line. Let your arms hang straight without being stiff. Curl your fingers so that the tips of your thumbs are alongside and touching the first joint of your forefingers. Keep your thumbs straight along the seams of your trouser leg, with the first joint of your fingers touching your trousers. While you are in this position, stand still and remain silent unless otherwise directed. Positions of Rest Parade Rest. A drill leader can only give the command for this rest position from the position of attention. The command for it is “parade, rest.” On the command of execution “rest,” move your left foot about 10 inches to the left of the right foot. Keep your legs straight without locking your knees, and rest the weight of your body equally on the heels and balls of both feet. At the same time, center your hands at the small of your back on your belt. Keep the fingers of both hands extended and joined, interlocking your thumbs so that the palm of your right hand is outward. Keep your head erect as you would in the position of attention. Remember to remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed. From the position of parade rest, you may execute “stand at ease,” “at ease,” and “rest.” Stand at Ease. The command for this movement is “stand at ease.” On the command of execution “ease,” execute parade rest, but turn your head and eyes directly toward the leader of the formation. You may execute “at ease” or “rest” from this position. At Ease. The command for this movement is “at ease.” On this command, you may move; however, you must remain standing and silent with your right foot in place. You may execute “rest” from this position. Rest. The command for this movement is “rest.” On this command, you may move and talk unless otherwise directed. However, you must remain standing with your right foot in place. You may execute “at ease” from this position. Facing Movements Right / Left Face. Facing left or right, is a two-count movement. The command is “left (right), face.” On the command of execution “face,” slightly raise your right heel and left toe and turn 90 degrees to the left on your left heel, assisted by a slight pressure on the ball of the right foot. Keep your left 42

leg straight without stiffness and allow your right leg to bend naturally. On the second count, place your right foot beside the left foot, resuming the position of “attention.” Your arms remain at your sides, as in the position of attention, throughout this movement. About Face. Facing to the rear is also a two-count movement. The command is “about, face.” On the command of execution “face,” move the toe of your right foot to a point touching the marching surface about half the length of your foot behind you. Rest most of your body weight on the heel of your left foot, and allow your right knee to bend naturally. On the second count, turn to the right 180 degrees on the left heel and ball of your right foot, resuming the position of attention. Again, your arms remain at your sides throughout this movement. The Hand Salute The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is “present, arms.” When a drill leader commands “order, arms,” you may release the salute. “Order, arms” is a one-count movement. On the command of execution “arms,” return your hand sharply to your side, resuming the position of attention. You execute the hand salute while marching alone; however, if you are a member of a unit, the leader salutes for the entire unit. If you are alone and at a double time, you must first come to quick time before you can execute the salute. When reporting or showing courtesy to an individual, turn your head and eyes toward the person and salute at the same time. Subordinates initiate the salute at the appropriate time and terminate it upon acknowledgment Marching Movements The two basic steps used in marching are the 30-inch step and the 15-inch step. Use combinations of these steps, facing movements, and rests, to march alone or in groups. The 30-inch Step Historically, marching has been an essential infantry skill to efficiently move troops on the battlefield. As an important part of drill and ceremony, marching remains pertinent today as an effective means of instilling order and discipline among the ranks. The 30-inch step is the standard stride for marching. The standard pace of march is 120-steps per minute, otherwise called “quick time.” Quick Time The command to march forward from the halt is “forward, march.” This command automatically instructs you to use the 30-inch step. On the preparatory command “forward,” shift the weight of your body to your right foot, without noticeable movement. Then, on the command of execution “march,” step forward 30 inches with the left foot and continue marching with 30- inch steps. Keep your eyes and head forward. 43

Swing your arms in a natural motion, without exaggeration, approximately nine inches to the front and six inches to the rear of the trouser seams. Keep your elbows straight, thumbs forward, and fingers curled in the same position as at attention so that the fingers just clear the trousers. The Halt The command to halt marching is “squad (company, etc.), halt.” Your leader gives the preparatory command “squad (company, etc.),” as either foot strikes the marching surface, as long as the drill leader gives the command of execution “halt” the next time that foot strikes the marching surface. The halt requires two counts. After your leader commands “halt,” move the additional step (required after the command of execution) to bring the trailing foot alongside the lead foot. Then, assume the position of attention. This ends the movement. Double Time At the command “double time, march,” march in the cadence of 180 counts or steps per minute with a 30-inch step. You can respond to this command from the halt or while marching at quick time with a 30-inch step. When at the halt, and your leader gives the preparatory command “double time,” shift the weight of your body to the right foot without noticeable movement. On the command of execution “march,” raise your forearms to a horizontal position, with fingers and thumbs closed, palm down, and knuckles out. At the same time, step out with your left foot. March with 30-inch steps at the cadence of double time. Swing your arms to the front and rear, keeping your forearms horizontal. When marching with a 30-inch step in the cadence of quick time (120 counts or steps per minute), a drill leader can give the command “double time, march,” when either foot strikes the marching surface. Then, on the command of execution “march,” take one more 30-inch step at quick time and step off with your trailing foot, double timing as previously described. To resume marching with a 30-inch step at the quick time cadence, your leader gives the command “quick time, march.” The leader gives this command as either foot strikes the marching surface. On the command of execution “march,” take two more 30-inch steps at double time, lower your arms to your sides, and resume marching with a 30-inch step at the quick time cadence. The 15-inch Step (Half Step) The 15-inch step was designed to slow a formation’s advance to facilitate battlefield as parade field positions. The 15-inch step facilitates corrective maneuvers to keep a formation together in the advent of uneven terrain or a turn. Historically, tight formations were the primary means for concentrating force. Today, a tight formation is another demonstration of effective leadership and discipline. Forward Step To march with a 15-inch step from the halt, the command is “half step, march.” On the preparatory command “half step,” shift the weight of your body to your right foot without noticeable movement. Then, on the command of execution “march,” step forward 15 inches with your left foot and continue marching with 15-inch steps. Your arms should swing as they do when you march with a 30-inch step. 44

To change from a 30-inch step to a 15-inch step while marching, the command is “half step, march.” Your leader may give this command as either foot strikes the marching surface. Then, on the command of execution “march,” take one more 30-inch step and march with a 30-inch step. To direct you to resume marching with a 30-inch step, the leader commands, “forward, march” as either foot strikes the marching surface. Then, on the command of execution “march,” take one more 15-inch step and begin marching with a 30-inch step. To halt while marching at the half step, use the same procedures described in the 30-inch step. This step again has two counts. It is important to note that while marching forward using the half step, the basic commands that your leader can give are “mark time, march,” “forward, march,” and “halt.” Right/Left Step To march to the right or left with a 15-inch step, the command is “right (left) step, march.” You perform the command only while at the halt. On the preparatory command “right (left) step,” shift the weight of your body, without noticeable movement, onto the left (right) foot. To execute right-step march, on the command of execution “march,” bend your right knee slightly and raise your right foot only high enough to allow freedom of movement. Place your right foot 15 inches to the right of your left foot, and then move your left foot (keeping the left leg straight) alongside your right foot as in the position of attention. Continue this movement, keeping your arms as they are in the position of attention. Reverse this procedure to perform left- step march. To halt when executing right- or left-step march, your leader commands “squad (company, etc.), halt.” This movement has two counts. The leader gives the preparatory command when both heels are together. On the command of execution “halt,” take one more step with your lead foot, then place the trailing foot alongside it, resuming the position of attention. Backward Step To direct you to march backward with a 15-inch step, your leader gives the command “backward, march.” You perform the command only while you are at the halt. On the preparatory command “backward,” shift the weight of your body, without noticeable movement, onto your right foot. Then, on the command of execution “march,” take a 15-inch step backward with your left foot and continue marching backward with 15-inch steps. Let your arms swing naturally. To halt from backward march is a two count movement. This halt is basically the same as from the 30-inch step. Squad Formations There are two prescribed formations – line and column. The squad may be formed into a column of twos from a column formation. When the squad is in line, squad members are numbered from right to left. When in column, the squad members form front to rear. The squad normally marches in column, but it may march in line for short distances. 45

Falling In In squad drill, falling in is the process of forming up in a line formation. However, it may re- form in a column formation when each member can identify his or her exact position. When the squad leader comes to the position of attention and commands “fall in,” the squad normally forms at normal interval. On the command of “fall in,” the following actions occur simultaneously by all members of the squad: 1. Double time to your position in the formation. 2. If you are the Cadet on the right flank, position yourself so that when the squad forms, it is centered and three steps in front of the leader. 3. If you are the Cadet on the right flank, come to attention and raise your left arm sideways to shoulder level, keeping it in line with your body. Keep your elbow locked, fingers and thumb extended and together, and palm facing down. 4. Cadets to the immediate left of the right-flank Cadet come to attention, turn their heads and eyes to the right, and raise their left arms in the same manner as the right-flank Cadet — except the Cadet on the left flank does not raise the left arm. Cadets align themselves by stepping forward or backward until they are in line with the right-flank Cadet. Cadets then obtain exact interval by taking short steps left or right, ensuring their fingertips touch the shoulder of the person to their right. As soon as each Cadet is at normal interval, lower your arms to your sides, sharply turn your heads to the front, and assume the position of attention. 5. The right-flank Cadet then sharply returns to the position of attention Note: The right-flank Cadet raises their arm and looks straight to the front unless the squad is to align on an element to its right. If they align on an element to the right, they turn their head and eyes to the right and align themselves with that element. Intervals When the squad ‘falls in’ for formation, it may be commanded to assume different spacing intervals between troops. Interval types include normal, close, and double. Normal Interval. When the leader commands “dress right, dress” and “ready, front,” the right- flank Cadet stands fast. On the command of execution “dress,” all Cadets except the right-flank Cadet turn their heads and eyes to the right and align themselves on the Cadet to their right. Cadets, except the left-flank Cadet, extend their left arms out to the side at shoulder level with elbows locked, fingers together, and palms down. They position themselves with short steps so that the fingertips touch the shoulder of the Cadet to their right. On the command of execution “front,” each Cadet sharply returns to the position of attention. If the squad leader wants to check the alignment, that leader moves to the right of the right-flank Cadet and looks down the line of Cadets to see that they are aligned. If the Cadets 46

are out of alignment, the leader speaks to them, giving direction as to how they can properly align themselves. Close Interval. To have a squad form at close interval, the command is “at close interval, fall in.” To obtain close interval, place the heel of your left hand on your left hip even with your waist, your fingers and thumb together and extended downward. Keep your elbow in line with your body, touching the right arm of the Cadet to your left. To align the squad at close interval, the leader commands “at close interval, dress right, dress” and “ready, front.” The procedure is the same for aligning at normal interval, except align yourself closely, as directed above. Rest and Dismissal. Rest movements are the same for a squad as they are for individuals. Your squad leader may command “fall out” if a more relaxed position than rest is appropriate. If the squad leader commands “fall out,” you may move out of the formation, but you must stay in the immediate area. Your drill leader dismisses the squad from the position of attention. The command is “dismissed.” Upon hearing that command, all members of the squad may then leave the area. Marching the Squad To march the squad, use the following procedures: ✓ For short distances only, the squad may be marched forward while in a line formation. ✓ When marching long distances, the squad is marched in column. ✓ To form a column formation from a line formation, the command is “right, face.” ✓ When a column formation is originated from a line formation at close interval, the squad may be marched for short distances at the half step with less than correct distance. ✓ To obtain correct distance while marching with less than correct distance, the command is “extend, march.” On the command of execution, “march,” the number one man takes one more 15-inch step and then steps off with a 30-inch step. Each squad member begins marching with a 30-inch step at the approximate point where the number one man stepped off, or as soon as correct distance has been obtained. Changing Direction . From the halt, the command to start the squad in motion, and simultaneously change the direction of march 90 or 45 degrees, is “column right (left), march” or “column half right (half left), march.” On the command of execution “march,” the lead Cadet faces in the commanded direction and steps off as in marching. All other Cadets march forward and pivot on the ball of their lead foot in the commanded direction and step off with their trailing foot. As 47

you approach the pivot point, shorten or lengthen your steps as necessary to pivot at the approximate point of the lead Cadet. To change the direction of march 90 or 45 degrees when marching, the squad leader gives the preparatory command “column right (left)” or “column half right (half left)” as the foot in the desired direction strikes the marching surface. The squad leader then gives the command “march” the next time that foot strikes the marching surface. On “march,” the lead Cadet takes one additional step, pivots in the commanded direction as the pivot foot strikes the surface, and continues to march in the new direction. Other Cadets continue to march forward and execute the pivot as described above. To march in the opposite direction, the command is “rear, march.” The squad leader gives the preparatory command as the right foot strikes the marching surface and commands “march” the next time the right foot strikes the surface. On “march,” all Cadets take one more step with their left foot, pivot on the balls of both feet, turn 180 degrees to the right, and step off in the new direction. Do not swing your arms when you make the pivot. To avoid an obstacle in the line of march, the squad leader commands, “incline around.” The lead Cadet inclines around the obstacle and resumes the original direction. All other Cadets follow the lead Cadet. Marching to the Flank. When your squad marches to the flank, it does so only for short distances, and always in a column formation. The command is “right (left) flank, march.” Your squad leader gives the preparatory command “right (left) flank” when the foot in the desired direction strikes the marching surface, Then he/she gives the command of execution “march” when that foot strikes the marching surface the next time. Then, on the command “march,” all Cadets take one more step, pivot 90 degrees in the indicated direction on the ball of the lead foot, and step off in the new direction with the trailing foot. As your squad begins marching in the new direction, they should glance out of the corner of their right eye and dress to the right. Company Formations The Company has two prescribed formations — line and column. However, the company may be formed into a file or a column of twos from a column formation. When in a line formation, the elements (squads) of a company are numbered from front to rear; in a column formation, from left to right. For the most part, company drill merely provides the procedures for executing drill movements in conjunction with other squads formed in the same formation. Individual drill movements and the manual of arms are executed as previously described while performing as a squad member during the conduct of company drill. When the company drills as a separate unit or as part of a larger unit in a line formation, without officers present, the post for the first sergeant is three steps in front of, and centered on, the company. When in column formation, the post for the first sergeant is three steps to the left flank of, and centered on, the company. The post for the first sergeant with the company commander present is one step to the rear and centered on the company in line or column formation. 48

When assuming his post in column from a line formation with the company commander present, the first sergeant faces to the left in marching (on the command of execution “face” and marches in the most direct route to his post. He then halts and faces to the right. When assuming his post in line from a column formation, he faces to the right in marching (on the command of execution “face”) and marches in the most direct route to his post, halts entered on the company, and faces to the left. When control of the formation is being exchanged between the first sergeant and the company commander, the first sergeant will always travel around the right flank (squad leader) of the formation when marching from post to post. The company commander will always travel around the left flank of the formation when marching post to post. On the command “open ranks, march;” “backward, march;” “right (left) step, march;” “forward, march,” and on commands that cause the company to change interval in line, he moves at the same time (with the appropriate step) so as to maintain proper position. The leader of the first squad serves as the base when the company is a line formation. The leader of the fourth squad serves as the base when the company is in a column formation. If for some reason the company is authorized a guidon or phase banner (in training units for example), the bearer’s post is one step in front of and two 15-inch steps to the right of and facing the person forming the company. When the formation is faced to the right for a marching movement, he executes in the same manner except that his post is three steps in front of, and centered on, the squad leaders. If the company commander is present and at his post, the bearer’s post is one step to the rear, and two 15-inch steps to the left of the company commander. When the company drills as a separate unit, in a line formation, the post for the company commander is six steps in front of, and centered on, the company; when in a column formation, the company commander is six steps to the left flank and centered on the company. When marching as part of a larger formation, his post is one step in front of, and centered on, the squad leaders. Forming the Company A company forms basically in the same way as a squad. The drill leader assumes the position of attention and commands “fall in.” On that command, the first squad leader and the first squad (when formed) are three steps in front, and centered on, the first sergeant. The other squad leaders then cover on the first squad leader at the correct distance, which they obtain by estimation. Members of the first squad fall in on their squad leader as they would in squad drill. However, members of the other squads fall in on their squad leader, assume the position of attention, and turn their heads and eyes to the right. They obtain correct interval by taking short steps forward or backward, align themselves on the Cadet to their right, sharply turn their heads and eyes to the front as in the position of attention, and obtain proper interval by taking short steps left or right to cover on the Cadet in front of them. Members of these other squads do not raise their left arms unless the Cadet to their immediate left has no one on which to cover. When appropriate, the company commander may form the company. The procedures are the same as described above except that the first squad forms six steps in front of, and centered on, the company commander. The first sergeant forms at his or her position to the rear of the company If the company commander is not present for the formation, the first sergeant steps forward three steps (making a 49