KIẾN THỨC TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ VĂN 7 - CÁNH DIỀU

["em ba b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e3y d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, k\u1ec1 vai s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gian nan. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 ba, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb9 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 b\u00ed xung quanh. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: S\u1ed1 t\u1eeb: in \u0111\u1eadm - m\u1ed9t: b\u1ed5 sung \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m \u201ctr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d. - nh\u1ea5t: b\u1ed5 sung \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m \u201cb\u00e0i h\u1ecdc\u201d. - hai: b\u1ed5 sung \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m \u201cb\u00e0i h\u1ecdc\u201d. - ba: b\u1ed5 sung \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m \u201cb\u00e0i h\u1ecdc\u201d. V. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH \u0110\u1eccC HI\u1ec2U: NH\u1eacT TR\u00ccNH SOL 6 1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: 1.1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 An-\u0111i Uya (Andy Weir): - An-\u0111i Uya, sinh n\u0103m 1972, \u00f4ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea khoa h\u1ecdc v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb sao H\u1ecfa\u201d (t\u1ef1a g\u1ed1c: The Martian). - \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb sao H\u1ecfa\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 101","mua b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh phim ngay sau \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi di\u1ec5n xu\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Matt Damon trong vai m\u1ed9t phi h\u00e0nh gia b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa, b\u1ed9 phim c\u00f9ng t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed Oscar cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. - \u00d4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n tranh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. N\u0103m 2016, An-\u0111i Uya nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng John W. Campbell cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t. 1.2. Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cNh\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh Sol 6\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Sao H\u1ecfa\u201d, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2015. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Lan H\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2016. 1.3. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3, l\u1eddi k\u1ec3: - Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng - Ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3: Ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d. 1.4. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Sao H\u1ecfa\u201d k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 M\u00e1c O\u00e1t-ni, m\u1ed9t phi h\u00e0nh gia tr\u00ean Sao H\u1ecfa. Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t anh. V\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng anh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd r\u1eddi \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh. B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd thay, O\u00e1t- ni v\u1eabn xoay x\u1edf s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e0u m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, trong khi anh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t hay con t\u00e0u v\u1eeba r\u1eddi \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n oxi th\u00ec \u0111ang c\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n. Truy\u1ec7n xoay quanh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a O\u00e1t-ni v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a NASA trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a anh v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. 102","1.5. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n: - Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0111\u1eebng \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u\u201d: S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u00e3o c\u00e1t tr\u00ean Sao H\u1ecfa m\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n phi h\u00e0nh gia H\u01a1-m\u00e9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. - Ph\u1ea7n 2: \u0110o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i. 2. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 2.1. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u00e3o c\u00e1t tr\u00ean Sao H\u1ecfa: - S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u00e3o c\u00e1t tr\u00ean Sao H\u1ecfa m\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n phi h\u00e0nh gia H\u01a1-m\u00e9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. - Chi\u1ebfc MAV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tinh x\u1ea3o. - Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0103ng- ten d\u00e0i m\u1ecfng bay th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi. - D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tai n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 du h\u00e0nh. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m, n\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh nit\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. - S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb: m\u1ed9t, r\u01b0\u1ee1i, s\u00e1u, \u0111\u00f4i => Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. 2.2. T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i: - Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d \u201cvui m\u1eebng kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cbu\u1ed3n da di\u1ebft\u201d l\u00e0: + C\u0103n H\u00e1p v\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc MAV \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i r\u1ed3i. 103","+ V\u00ec c\u0103n H\u00e1p \u1edf l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfc MAV \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. - Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 l\u0103n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u01a1n b\u00e3o. - C\u00e2u k\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d. => Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed s\u1ed1ng cao, d\u00f9 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u00e9o le tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. 2.3. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u0169 tr\u1ee5: - Phi v\u1ee5 bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o c\u00e1t v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 150km\/h. - \u0110\u0129a li\u00ean l\u1ea1c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u0103n H\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn H\u01a1-m\u00e9t. - C\u00e1ch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1: + \u0110\u0129a li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e2m s\u1ea7m v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng \u0103ng-ten thu t\u1ea7m, chi\u1ebfc \u0103ng-ten xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. + M\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i do d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u1eb7n. + Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 du h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh nit\u01a1. 2.4. \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: a. N\u1ed9i dung: 104","- Truy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111o\u00e0n phi h\u00e0nh gia t\u00e0u H\u01a1-m\u00e9t g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o v\u00e0 M\u00e1c O\u00e1t-ni su\u00fdt m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng, anh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. b. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: - Ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. - S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. - L\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc. 3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u: C\u00e2u 1: Truy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201cvi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d? G\u1ee3i \u00fd - Truy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111o\u00e0n phi h\u00e0nh gia t\u00e0u H\u01a1-m\u00e9t g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o v\u00e0 M\u00e1c O\u00e1t-ni su\u00fdt m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng, anh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. - Truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. C\u00e2u 2: Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea7n (1) c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cNh\u1eadt tri\u0300nh Sol 6\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? G\u1ee3i \u00fd - S\u1ed1 t\u1eeb trong ph\u1ea7n (1): m\u1ed9t, r\u01b0\u1ee1i, s\u00e1u, \u0111\u00f4i. - Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. 105","C\u00e2u 3: Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cNh\u1eadt tri\u0300nh Sol 6\u201d th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u0169 tr\u1ee5? G\u1ee3i \u00fd Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0: - Phi v\u1ee5 bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o c\u00e1t v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 150km\/h. - \u0110\u0129a li\u00ean l\u1ea1c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u0103n H\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn H\u01a1-m\u00e9t. - C\u00e1ch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1: + \u0110\u0129a li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e2m s\u1ea7m v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng \u0103ng-ten thu t\u1ea7m, chi\u1ebfc \u0103ng-ten xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. + M\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i do d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u1eb7n. + Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 du h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh nit\u01a1. C\u00e2u 4: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d, em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? G\u1ee3i \u00fd Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d, em s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 em s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh t\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 em s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t mong s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. 106","VI. VI\u1ebeT B\u00c0I V\u0102N BI\u1ec2U C\u1ea2M V\u1ec0 M\u1ed8T CON NG\u01af\u1edcI HO\u1eb6C S\u1ef0 VI\u1ec6C 1. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng: a) Vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c: L\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac; nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b) L\u01b0u \u00fd vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c: - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c em \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 ai hay l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hay trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc? - Suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y g\u1ee3i cho em nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc g\u00ec? - L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft - Vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n theo m\u1ed9t d\u00e0n \u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u00ed; n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c 2. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: 2.1. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i: Vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 em y\u00eau th\u00edch trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc 2.2. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb: - Xem l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 em \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m 2.3. T\u00ecm \u00fd: 107","- Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y cho em nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch B\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ai, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o (gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c)? - Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hay s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong em nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac g\u00ec (y\u00eau th\u00edch, c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hay bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3...)? - Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hay s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y g\u1ee3i cho em nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc g\u00ec (v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng...)? 2.4. L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd: a. M\u1edf b\u00e0i: - D\u1eabn d\u1eaft gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 - N\u00eau t\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch B\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 em mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m b. Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i: - L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00eau nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: + N\u00eau \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac chung v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c: c\u1ea3m phu\u0323c, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng N\u00ea-m\u00f4; c\u1ea3m nghi\u0303 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 A-r\u00f4-n\u00e1c, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt x\u01b0ng \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d trong truy\u1ec7n ho\u0103\u0323c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c + N\u00eau c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c: - Theo em, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng N\u00ea-m\u00f4 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi du\u0303ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 vi\u0323 tha; ho\u0103\u0323c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4\u0309ng l\u00f4\u0300 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i 108","- Em c\u1ea3m phu\u0323c, ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9 vi\u0323 thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng du\u0303ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u0103\u0323c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong em nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 - R\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u0103\u0323c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eeba n\u00eau c. K\u1ebft b\u00e0i: Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a em v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u00e0i v\u0103n 2.5. Vi\u1ebft: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e0n \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp, em h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. 2.6. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda: - \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf d\u00e0n \u00fd ch\u01b0a. - T\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft s\u1eeda c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0: + L\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 \u00fd: Thi\u1ebfu \u00fd (s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, ch\u01b0a n\u00eau h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft); \u00fd l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n (c\u00e1c \u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed); l\u1ea1c \u00fd (n\u00eau c\u00e1c \u00fd kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i); \u00fd t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n (n\u00eau c\u00e1c \u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft) \u2026 + L\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t (d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb, vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u), ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 VII. N\u00d3I V\u00c0 NGHE: TH\u1ea2O LU\u1eacN NH\u00d3M V\u1ec0 M\u1ed8T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 1. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng: a) Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: 109","- C\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i (thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh) \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. - M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b) \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd: - L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i (ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t - Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 khi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn 2. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: 2.1. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d (V\u00e9c-n\u01a1) ho\u1eb7c \u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d (Br\u00e9t-b\u01a1-ry) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. Em s\u1ebd n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m? 2.2. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb: - Xem l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u0309\u201d - D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tranh, \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) 2.3. T\u00ecm \u00fd: - V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec? - S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng? 110","- N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c? - \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. 2.4. L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd: a. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u: N\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn: \u201cS\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u0309\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng? b. N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh: - N\u00eau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u0309\u201d - N\u00eau c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. - V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c - N\u00eau c\u00e1c l\u00ed l\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c - N\u00eau c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. - V\u00ed d\u1ee5: S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n B\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 do nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c) nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m nguy trong l\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u2026 Ng\u00e0y nay, \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c. K\u1ebft th\u00fac Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn 111","2.5. N\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe: - Nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn - C\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e0n \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp\u2026 - Trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh khi nghe v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, trao \u0111\u1ed5i - Nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t 2.6. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda: a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: Xem x\u00e9t n\u1ed9i dung \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ch\u01b0a: - T\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o? - L\u00ed l\u1ebd t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - C\u00f3 n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng? - R\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u (di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9... \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0a?) b. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe: - Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i (Y\u0301 ki\u1ebfn, l\u00ed l\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i: s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong truy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng) - T\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd theo d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i - N\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a r\u00f5; m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang B\u00c0I 4: NGH\u1eca LU\u1eacN V\u0102N H\u1eccC 112","I. KI\u1ebeN TH\u1ee8C NG\u1eee V\u0102N 1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: - M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc - N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc - V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d (Xu\u00e2n Qu\u1ef3nh) ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d (\u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi) - \u0110\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau l\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, l\u00ed l\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. 2. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: - N\u00f3i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc - T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh - V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam B\u1ed9; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn em y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam \u1ea5y 3. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb: Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u (ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef, v\u1ecb ng\u1eef) b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00e1ch: - D\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb b\u1ed5 sung cho t\u1eeb l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u 113","c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u01b0a nay t\u00f4i m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d (T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i) ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb ng\u1eef, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u1ea4y v\u1eady, t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 t\u00f4i gi\u1ecfi.\u201d (T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i) - Dung c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cGi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m cho S\u01a1n th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 cay m\u1eaft.\u201d (Th\u1ea1ch Lam) ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb ng\u1eef, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cCh\u1ecb D\u1eadu c\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u1ea3y qua g\u00f2 m\u00e1 r\u00f2ng r\u00f2ng.\u201d (Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1) II. \u0110\u1eccC HI\u1ec2U V\u0102N B\u1ea2N: THI\u00caN NHI\u00caN V\u00c0 CON NG\u01af\u1edcI TRONG TRUY\u1ec6N \u201c\u0110\u1ea4T R\u1eeaNG PH\u01af\u01a0NG NAM\u201d 1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: 1.1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 B\u00f9i H\u1ed3ng: - B\u00f9i V\u0103n H\u1ed3ng sinh n\u0103m 1931 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2012, qu\u00ea Ph\u00f9 Vi\u1ec7t, Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh - Tham gia c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0110o\u00e0n t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 8\/1945. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean hu\u1ea5n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1edf qu\u00ea t\u1eeb 1948 - B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 in c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 1951. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1962 \u0111\u1ebfn 1992 l\u00e0m bi\u00ean t\u1eadp r\u1ed3i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp NXB Kim \u0110\u1ed3ng - T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh: Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t C\u1ea9m B\u00ecnh (truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd, 1968); C\u00e1 r\u00f4 ron kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi m\u1eb9 (truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng tho\u1ea1i, 1969); Hoa tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a (ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn, 1987). M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m ghi nh\u1eadn (ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn,1997); C\u00f4 g\u00e1i b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh (truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd, 2001)\u2026 - Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 114","v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho t\u1eadp \u201cTr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t C\u1ea9m B\u00ecnh\u201d (truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd, 1968). 1.2. Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9: T\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00edch t\u1eeb sachhay.org 1.3. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn: - Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: Ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn (Ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc) - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t: Ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn - V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m; hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1. 1.4. Nhan \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: - Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t. - V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc (nh\u01b0 khung c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi...) trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d. T\u1eeb nhan \u0111\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. 1.5. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n: - Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \\\"h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang tr\u1ebb em\\\": Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d. - Ph\u1ea7n 2: Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ebfn \\\"d\u00e3y tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn...\\\": Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 khung c\u1ea3nh trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d - Ph\u1ea7n 3: \u0110o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d 2. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 115","2.1. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn: - V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn: \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. - M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: Cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a khung c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean Nam B\u1ed9, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. - C\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ed l\u1ebd, d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng: + L\u00ed l\u1ebd: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 khung c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. + D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng: Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. 2.2. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam: - Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. - K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed3i ki\u1ec3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, tr\u1eafng \u0111en t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. => T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. 2.3. C\u00e1ch mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt trong truy\u1ec7n: - T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt. - D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng: + \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt. + C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, xen l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9. 116","- \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, con v\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ba ba to b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nia, k\u00ec \u0111\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfc xu\u1ed3ng tam b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i 12 trai tr\u00e1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1edbi khi\u00eang n\u1ed5i. => Nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00e0u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u00ed l\u1ebd, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. - T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eeba ng\u00e2y ng\u1ea5t, say m\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a khung c\u1ea3nh: \\\"Nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y tr\u00e0m... xanh th\u1eb3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng...\\\" v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129: \\\"n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea7m \u1ea7m \u0111\u00f4\u0309 ra bi\u1ec3n... tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn...\\\". - Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u00ed l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u00edch, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, B\u00f9i H\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. 2.4. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: - T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam B\u1ed9 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, mang nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang. - \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 qua c\u00e1c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng: + Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u1ecdt nh\u1ea1t, c\u00e1i t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2m \u0111en, c\u0103ng ph\u1ed3ng, b\u00f3ng m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a d\u00ec T\u01b0 B\u00e9o. 117","+ C\u00e1i \u00e1o v\u1eaft vai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ng\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1edf t\u1ec9nh, d\u1edf say c\u1ee7a l\u00e3o Ba Ng\u00f9. + Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u00f4ng Hai b\u00e1n r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u00fa V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nhau - \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111i t\u00f9. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: - \u00d4ng Hai b\u00e1n r\u1eafn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng, t\u1ef1 tin: + H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: tr\u1ed1n t\u00f9, \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ee3 con v\u00e0o r\u1eebng U Minh ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec1. + Ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh: g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn; l\u00e0n da m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f4i kh\u00f3e m\u1eaft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n cao l\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u1ebfp m\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u0103n; \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft to, s\u00e1ng qu\u1eafc, n\u00fap d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eb7p ch\u00e2n m\u00e0y r\u1eadm \u0111en... => Qua nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u00f4ng Hai r\u1eafn hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, t\u1ef1 do. - Ch\u00fa V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng: + L\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng: Ch\u00fa g\u00e2y \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111i t\u00f9. Khi m\u00e3n h\u1ea1n t\u00f9, ch\u00fa b\u1ecf v\u00e0o r\u1eebng l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 s\u0103n b\u1eaby th\u00fa. + Kh\u00f4ng ai r\u00f5 ch\u00fa t\u00ean g\u00ec, qu\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u. => Qua nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00fa V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb7m tr\u1ee3n, hung d\u1eef. \u00d4ng Hai b\u00e1n r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u00fa V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. 118","=> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft: c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea3o; c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5. - Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt Nam B\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. 2.5. \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: a. N\u1ed9i dung: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi. b. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: - L\u00ed l\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. - D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. - Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, gi\u00e0u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. 3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u: C\u00e2u 1: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong truy\u1ec7n \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec? Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y? G\u1ee3i \u00fd V\u0103n b\u1ea3n Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong truy\u1ec7n \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn. 119","C\u00e2u 2: H\u00e3y d\u00e2\u0303n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 l\u00ed l\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00eau l\u00ean trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. G\u1ee3i \u00fd - L\u00ed l\u1ebd 1: Trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i t\u1eeb ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. => D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng 1: ba ba to b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nia, k\u00ec \u0111\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n tam b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i 12 trai tr\u00e1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1edbi khi\u00eang n\u00f4\u0309i. - L\u00ed l\u1ebd 2: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ng\u00e2y ng\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p r\u1eebng U Minh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0ng \u00f3ng. => D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng 2: Nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y tr\u00e0m v\u1ecf tr\u1eafng\u2026xanh th\u1eb3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng. - L\u00ed l\u1ebd 3: V\u00e0 n\u1ed7i r\u1ee3n ng\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng N\u0103m C\u0103n => D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng 3: N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea7m \u1ea7m \u0111\u00f4\u0309 ra bi\u1ec3n\u2026nh\u01b0 hai d\u00e3y tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u2026 - L\u00ed l\u1ebd 4: \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ba n\u00e9t => D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng 4: Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u1ecdt nh\u1ea1t \u2026 l\u00e3o Ba Ng\u00f9. C\u00e2u 3: Trong ph\u1ea7n 3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: \u00f4ng Hai b\u00e1n r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, em h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y G\u1ee3i \u00fd * Gi\u1ed1ng nhau: - \u0110\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, quanh n\u0103m l\u00e0m thu\u00ea cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7. - B\u1ecb b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u00f4ng, c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u1ee3. 120","- \u0110\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 l\u0169 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u00f9. * Kh\u00e1c nhau: - \u00d4ng Hai b\u00e1n r\u1eafn: + Tr\u1ed1n t\u00f9, \u0111\u00f3n v\u1ee3 r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o r\u1eebng U Minh. + G\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn, l\u00e0n da m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. + Phong th\u00e1i ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng, t\u1ef1 tin, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i. - V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng: + G\u00e2y \u00e1n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9p m\u00ecnh. + M\u00e3n h\u1ea1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, con ch\u1ebft, v\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh v\u1ee3 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t. + Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, v\u00e0o r\u1eebng s\u0103n th\u00fa. C\u00e2u 4: Theo em, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? G\u1ee3i \u00fd - M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i tinh t\u00fay c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 C\u1eedu Long Giang\u201d. - N\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean, gi\u00fap t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u 5: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap em hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng (tr\u00edch truy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam) \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf B\u00e0i 1? G\u1ee3i \u00fd 121","V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap em hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e9t hay, n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf b\u00e0i 1 C\u00e2u 6: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong truy\u1ec7n \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\\\" \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap em hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? G\u1ee3i \u00fd V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cThi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong truy\u1ec7n \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\\\"\u201d \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap em hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 B\u00f9i H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng C\u1eedu Long s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf mang hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y III. \u0110\u1eccC HI\u1ec2U V\u0102N B\u1ea2N V\u1eba \u0110\u1eb8P C\u1ee6A B\u00c0I TH\u01a0 \u201cTI\u1ebeNG G\u00c0 TR\u01afA\u201d 1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: 1.1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110inh Tr\u1ecdng L\u1ea1c: - Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0110inh Tr\u1ecdng L\u1ea1c, sinh n\u0103m 1928 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2000, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. - L\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m 122","v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m khoa Ng\u1eef v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. - T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: Phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; Phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u2013 2001\u2026 1.2. Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9: - Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean. - V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cV\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d tr\u00edch t\u1eeb \u201cV\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef V\u0103n h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 4, 5\u201d do Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2002, c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110inh Tr\u1ecdng L\u1ea1c. 1.3. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh: - Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: Ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn (ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc) - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t: ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn - N\u1ed9i dung ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cV\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d\u201d \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd l\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a. - Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. 1.4. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n - Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ck\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1\u201d: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 t\u1eeb trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d. - Ph\u1ea7n 2: Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ccho ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui s\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d: Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d. - Ph\u1ea7n 3: T\u1eeb \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u00e1u d\u00f2ng th\u01a1\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cv\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0\u201d: C\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp trong kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1. - Ph\u1ea7n 4: \u0110o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc. 2. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 2.1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 123","tr\u01b0a\u201d: - Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m l\u1eedng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. - \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. => L\u1ea5y th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c (nghe) thay cho th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c (th\u1ea5y) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ba l\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cnghe\u201d \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m xao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 2.2. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d: - \u01a0\u0309 kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u k\u1ec3 xen l\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n Qu\u1ef3nh. - C\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u201cn\u00e0y\u201d, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cN\u00e0y con g\u00e0 m\u00e1i m\u01a1 \/ N\u00e0y con g\u00e0 m\u00e1i v\u00e0ng\u201d. - \u0110\u1ea3o tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb \u201ckh\u1eafp m\u00ecnh\u201d l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201choa \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng\u201d l\u00e0m cho b\u1ee9 tranh g\u00e0 m\u00e1i m\u01a1 th\u00eam \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby. - Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh \u201cL\u00f4ng \u00f3ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u n\u1eafng\u201d l\u00e0m cho b\u1ee9c tranh g\u00e0 m\u00e1i v\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb9p r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1\/ 2.3. C\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1: - \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecbp th\u01a1 l\u00e0: tuy s\u00e1u d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c nhau \u201cC\u1ee9 h\u1eb1n n\u0103mh\u1eb1ng n\u0103m Khi \/ gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1edbi B\u00e0 lo \/ \u0111\u00e0n g\u00e0 toi Mong tr\u1eddi \/ \u0111\u1eebng s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i 124","\u0110\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \/ b\u00e1n g\u00e0 Ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \/ qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u1edbi\u201d - Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i, b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t suy t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m b\u00e1n g\u00e0 \/ Ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u1edbi\u201d. => Ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn. 2.4. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc: - Kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110inh Tr\u1ecdng L\u1ea1c coi l\u00e0 hay nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang, cao qu\u00fd, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a anh chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n. - Trong kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, \u0110inh Tr\u1ecdng L\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eedu d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a anh chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 th\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. - Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u201cV\u00ec\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00ec T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129. 2.5. \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc n\u1ed9i dung, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: a. N\u1ed9i dung: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u00ed l\u1ebd, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn. b. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: - L\u00ed l\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. - D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. 125","3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u: C\u00e2u 1: N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? G\u1ee3i \u00fd - V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd l\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a. - Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u 2: B\u00e0i th\u01a1 Ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o? Trong m\u00f4\u0303i kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2\u0303n ra nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u00ec? G\u1ee3i \u00fd - B\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u cho t\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 cu\u1ed1i. - Trong m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ra nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 C\u00e2u 3: D\u00e2\u0303n ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, l\u00ed l\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00eau l\u00ean trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 em th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. G\u1ee3i \u00fd - \u01a0\u0309 ph\u1ea7n 3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn ra \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1: s\u00e1u d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t suy t\u01b0\u1edfng cho b\u00e0i th\u01a1. 126","- Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1eadt s\u00e2u th\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110inh Tr\u1ecdng L\u1ea1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e2u 4: Trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb...) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Em h\u00e3y d\u00e2\u0303n ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. G\u1ee3i \u00fd - Trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb...) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1. - C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n 1, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb nghe \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u00e9t tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d C\u00e2u 5: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap em hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf B\u00e0i 2? G\u1ee3i \u00fd C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 tr\u01b0a\u201d, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. IV. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH TI\u1ebeNG VI\u1ec6T 1. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e2u? 127","1.1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u00ecm c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 trong c\u00e2u sau. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb v\u1eeba t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 ng\u1eef trong m\u00f4\u0303i c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y cho ta nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ta s\u0103\u0303n c\u00f3 [\u2026] 1.2. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: a. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb: - Nh\u1eefng ti\u0300nh c\u1ea3m ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 - Nh\u1eefng ti\u0300nh c\u1ea3m ta s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. b. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 ng\u1eef: - C\u1ea3 hai c\u1ee5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m - \u0110\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng - \u0110\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9ng sau danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb. + Ta: Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef. + Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, s\u1eb5n c\u00f3: V\u1ecb ng\u1eef. 1.3. Ghi nh\u1edb: a. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e2u? Khi n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u \u0111\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e2u. b. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e2u: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef, v\u1ecb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ng\u1eef trong c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m Ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb. 2. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp: 128","C\u00e2u 1: T\u00ecm v\u1ecb ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb trong m\u00f4\u0303i v\u1ecb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3. a) Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft t\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a g\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. (\u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi) b) Ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m k\u00ed \u1ee9c ta quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1. (\u0110inh Tr\u1ecdng L\u1ea1c) G\u1ee3i \u00fd a) Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft t\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a g\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. - V\u1ecb ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb: \u201cbi\u1ebft t\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a g\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u201d => \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d => C\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb \u201ct\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a g\u00e3\/l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u201d b) Ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m k\u00ed \u1ee9c ta quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1. - V\u1ecb ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb: c\u0169ng l\u00e0m k\u00fd \u1ee9c ta quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 => \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m \u201cl\u00e0m\u201d => C\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb: \u201ck\u00fd \u1ee9c ta\/quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1\u201d C\u00e2u 2: T\u00ecm v\u1ecb ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: a) C\u1eadu C\u01a1 v\u1eabn n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t h\u1ea7m h\u1ea7m. (Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1) b) T\u00eda nu\u00f4i t\u00f4i tay c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc n\u1ecf l\u00ean ng\u1eafm ngh\u00eda ... (\u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi) G\u1ee3i \u00fd V\u1ecb ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb: a. v\u1eabn n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t\/ h\u1ea7m h\u1ea7m b. tay\/ c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc n\u1ecf l\u00ean ng\u1eafm ngh\u00eda 129","C\u00e2u 3: T\u00ecm ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb trong m\u00f4\u0303i ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3. a) B\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00e0 ba \u0111en m\u00e0 m\u00e1 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4i v\u1eeba kh\u00e2u cho t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5, c\u1ee9 l\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 l\u00f9ng nh\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng th\u1eb9n th\u00f9ng, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. (\u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi). b) Chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e1c Hai v\u00e0 ch\u00fa k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t m\u00e0u huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. (B\u00f9i H\u1ed3ng) G\u1ee3i \u00fd a) B\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00e0 ba \u0111en m\u00e0 m\u00e1 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4i v\u1eeba kh\u00e2u cho t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5, c\u1ee9 l\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 l\u00f9ng nh\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng th\u1eb9n th\u00f9ng, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. - Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb: \u201cB\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00e0 ba \u0111en m\u00e0 m\u00e1 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4i v\u1eeba kh\u00e2u cho t\u00f4i\u201d => Danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m \u201cB\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00e0 ba\u201d => C\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb: \u201cm\u00e1 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4i\/v\u1eeba kh\u00e2u cho t\u00f4i\u201d. b) Chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e1c Hai v\u00e0 ch\u00fa k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t m\u00e0u huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. - Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb: \u201cChuy\u1ec7n b\u00e1c Hai v\u00e0 ch\u00fa k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c\u201d => Danh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m \u201cChuy\u1ec7n\u201d => b\u00e1c Hai v\u00e0 ch\u00fa\/k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. C\u00e2u 4: T\u00ecm ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u sau: a) M\u1ed9t n\u0103m n\u1ecd, tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a to l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc trong gi\u1ebfng d\u1ec1nh l\u00ean. (\u1ebech ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1y gi\u1ebfng) 130","b) C\u00e2u n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con b\u00e9 b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u1ecb D\u1eadu hai h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u1ea1y quanh. (Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1) G\u1ee3i \u00fd C\u1ee5m C-V trong ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef: a. Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef: tr\u1eddi\/ m\u01b0a to b. Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef: C\u00e2u n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a l\u00ed c\u1ee7a con b\u00e9 b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i\/ h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed C\u00e2u 5: Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n (kho\u1ea3ng 5 -7 d\u00f2ng) tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a em v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb. G\u1ee3i \u00fd V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cThi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u01a1i mi\u1ec1n C\u1eedu Long Giang r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00fd l\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, s\u1eafc n\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i n\u0103ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3 ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi. \u201cThi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m em c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. * Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: - V\u1ecb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m Ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb: 131","+ m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nghi\u0323 lu\u1eadn\/ xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u01a1i mi\u1ec1n C\u01b0\u0309u Long Giang r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. + m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u0323 lu\u1eadn\/ s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m em c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. - Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 - v\u1ecb: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng\/ m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, s\u1eafc n\u00e9t. V. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH \u0110\u1eccC HI\u1ec2U: S\u1ee8C H\u1ea4P D\u1eaaN C\u1ee6A T\u00c1C PH\u1ea8M \u201cHAI V\u1ea0N D\u1eb6M D\u01af\u1edaI \u0110\u00c1Y BI\u1ec2N\u201d 1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: 1.1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean: - Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n L\u00ea Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean t\u00ean khai sinh l\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean sinh n\u0103m 1951, t\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0ng B\u1ea1c, Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. - \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ed9i vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1981. Nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ban V\u0103n h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebfu nhi H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - Hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Q\u0169y h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng \u0110oremon c\u1ee7a NXB Kim \u0110\u1ed3ng - Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt - M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: B\u00f4ng hoa ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng (1984); Kh\u00fac h\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac (2002); Khi m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn (1974); C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 (1971); B\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f2n v\u1ebd (1997); Hoa d\u1ea1i (1995); Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu nhi Nh\u1eefng tia n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (2006). 132","1.2. Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9: T\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00edch t\u1eeb \u201cS\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cHai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n\u201d\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n L\u00ea Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean, \u0111\u0103ng ng\u00e0y 4\/2\/2014 tr\u00ean vnexpress.net. 1.3. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t: - Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: Ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn (Ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc) - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t: Ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn - Nhan \u0111\u1ec1: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cHai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n\u201d. 1.4. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n: - Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cNo-ti-l\u1edbt k\u00ec l\u1ea1\u201d: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cHai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n\u201d. - Ph\u1ea7n 2: T\u1eeb \u201c\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201chi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3\u201d: Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. - Ph\u1ea7n 3: Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cy\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d: Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 V\u00e9c-n\u01a1. - Ph\u1ea7n 4: Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d: T\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1. - Ph\u1ea7n 5: \u0110o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i. 2. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 2.1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: - T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Giuyn V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li k\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1edfi t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. 133","- T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cHai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n\u201d c\u1ee7a Giuyn V\u00e9c-n\u01a1. - Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u thi\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129. => C\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd. 2.2. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc: - \u0110\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, ly k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cHai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n\u201d. + Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3. + Th\u00f4i th\u00fac c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c B\u1eafc \u00c2u l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng con thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i phi\u00eau l\u01b0u tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 + Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. - Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. + Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 qua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. + T\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng, r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, y\u00eau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh 2.3. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft h\u1ea5p d\u00e2\u0303n, th\u00fa v\u1ecb: - \u0110\u01b0a ra minh ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cHai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n\u201d. - Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi 134","ch\u01b0a trong t\u00e2m can \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, y\u00eau bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. => Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 b\u1edfi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 2.4. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: - Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 nh\u01b0: N\u0103m tu\u1ea7n tr\u00ean khinh kh\u00ed c\u1ea7u (1873); V\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong 80 ng\u00e0y (1873) - L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u1eafp n\u0103m ch\u00e2u v\u1edbi ti\u00ean phong l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. - V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 mang \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3. => K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn cho to\u00e0n b\u00e0i 2.5. \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc n\u1ed9i dung, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: a. N\u1ed9i dung: Qua b\u00e0i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cHai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n.\u201d b. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: - L\u00ed l\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. - D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. 135","- Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, gi\u00e0u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. 3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u: C\u00e2u 1: Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho em bi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec? G\u1ee3i \u00fd Nhan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho em bi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Hai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e2u 2: T\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau 1 - 2 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn cho m\u00f4\u0303i ph\u1ea7n G\u1ee3i \u00fd - Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Hai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ai, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m? - Ph\u1ea7n 2: T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc? - Ph\u1ea7n 3: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 V\u00e9c-n\u01a1. - Ph\u1ea7n 4: T\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - Ph\u1ea7n 5: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec? C\u00e2u 3: Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, \u201cnh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n\u201d trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? G\u1ee3i \u00fd - Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, \u201cnh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n\u201d trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 qua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 136","- T\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng, r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, y\u00eau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh C\u00e2u 4: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap em hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n B\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c (tr\u00edch ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Hai v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n) \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf B\u00e0i 3? G\u1ee3i \u00fd V\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap em nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch \u201cB\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c\u201d, hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 V\u00e9c-n\u01a1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i ti\u00ean phong trong th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng. VI. VI\u1ebeT B\u00c0I V\u0102N PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH \u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M NH\u00c2N V\u1eacT 1. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng: 1.1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: 1.1.1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: lai l\u1ecbch, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m... c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt 1.1.2. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \\\"... \u00d4ng Hai b\u00e1n r\u1eafn - t\u00eda nu\u00f4i An - tr\u1ed1n t\u00f9, \u0111\u00f3n v\u1ee3 r\u00f4\u0300i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o r\u1eebng U Minh. M\u1ed9t con thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf, hai v\u1ee3 ch\u00f4\u0300ng, th\u1eb1ng con trai v\u00e0 con ch\u00f3 Lu\u1ed1c \u0111i lang thang ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec1: 137","c\u00e2u r\u1eafn, l\u1ea5y m\u1eadt, s\u0103n c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u... G\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u0103\u0323t \u00f4ng kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn. L\u00e0n da m\u0103\u0323t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tre\u0309, chi\u0309 \u1edf \u0111\u00f4i kh\u00f3e m\u1eaft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n cao l\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u1ebfp m\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u0103n... \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft to, s\u00e1ng qu\u1eafc, n\u00fap d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u0103\u0323p ch\u00e2n m\u00e0y r\u1eadm \u0111en... M\u1ea5y ne\u0301t th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1i ve\u0309 ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng, t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i.\\\" (Theo B\u00f9i H\u1ed3ng) => Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1eeba gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt (lai l\u1ecbch, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m...), v\u1eeba k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea5y\u2026 1.2. L\u01b0u \u00fd vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: - L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. - \u0110\u1ecdc k\u0129 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. - Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt (lai l\u1ecbch, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m...). - Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. - L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo d\u00e0n \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp. 2. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: 2.1. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i: Vi\u1ebft ba\u0300i v\u0103n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 To\u0300ng trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a\u0300n \u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng\\\" (tr\u00edch ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \\\"\u0110\u00e2\u0301t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\\\") c\u1ee7a nha\u0300 v\u0103n \u0110oa\u0300n Gi\u1ecfi. 2.2. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb: - Xem l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng\u201d (B\u00e0i 1). 138","- Xem m\u1ee5c \u0110i\u0323nh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. - Ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i v\u0103n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. 2.3. T\u00ecm \u00fd: - \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o? (Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda qua ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh, lai l\u1ecbch, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.) - C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi: d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c, vui v\u1ebb, h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng.) - Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong em nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam B\u1ed9? (Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng cho em th\u1ea5y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam B\u1ed9, h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a, ki\u00ean trung v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng.) 2.4. L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd: a. M\u1edf b\u00e0i: - Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. (\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o, c\u1ee7a ai?...) - V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam B\u1ed9. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 d\u00ec T\u01b0 B\u00e9o, \u00f4ng Hai r\u1eafn, ch\u00fa V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng... xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu nh\u1ecf. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00fa V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng - m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \\\"k\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng\\\" nh\u01b0ng 139","mang nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng. b. Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i: - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: + Lai l\u1ecbch: \\\"... ch\u00fa t\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec, qu\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5. V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fa t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edch trong truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u.\\\" (Theo B\u00f9i H\u1ed3ng). + L\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng: Ra t\u00f9, V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 k\u00eau tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng, c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1t r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf l\u00e0ng v\u00e0o r\u1eebng sinh s\u1ed1ng\u2026 + Ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh: Hai h\u1ed1 m\u1eaft s\u00e2u ho\u1eafm, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p tr\u00f2ng m\u1eaft tr\u1eafng d\u00e3, long qua, long l\u1ea1i s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 dao\u2026 + H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i: G\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n su\u1ed3ng s\u00e3: Nhai b\u1eady m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng kh\u00f4 nai \u0111i, ch\u00fa em\u2026; Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, hi\u00ean ngang nh\u01b0ng xen trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m bu\u1ed3n chua ch\u00e1t; L\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, b\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. + C\u00e1ch u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u: u\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u00e1t. - Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac... c\u1ee7a em v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. c. K\u1ebft b\u00e0i: - N\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng (\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?) 140","- Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam B\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb m\u00e0 anh d\u0169ng, b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t trong hai cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u00f4m nay: Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng cho em th\u1ea5y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam B\u1ed9, h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a, ki\u00ean trung v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng. 2.5. Vi\u1ebft: - D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e0n \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau: + Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf b\u00e0i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft b\u00e0i. + Vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. + Vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. - Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft, b\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft (l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, suy ngh\u0129, ... c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. 2.6. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda: - Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung (thi\u1ebfu \u00fd, tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u00fd, ...) v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e2u...) - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 n\u00eau c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. 141","VII. N\u00d3I V\u00c0 NGHE: TH\u1ea2O LU\u1eacN NH\u00d3M V\u1ec0 M\u1ed8T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 1. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng: 1.1. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: - C\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i (thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh) \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. - M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft 1.2. L\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: - L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i (ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t - Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 khi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn 2. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: 2.1. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 To\u0300ng trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a\u0300n \u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng\\\" (tr\u00edch ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \\\"\u0110\u00e2\u0301t r\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\\\") c\u1ee7a \u0110oa\u0300n Gi\u1ecfi ngh\u0129a la\u0300 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u00e2\u0301y. Em s\u1ebd n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf na\u0300o trong bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m? 2.2. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb: - Xem l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng\u201d \u1edf b\u00e0i 1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf ph\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft. - T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. 142","- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 tranh, \u1ea3nh, video... v\u00e0 m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). 2.3. T\u00ecm \u00fd: - K\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - Hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch) c\u00f3 g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau? - \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn? 2.4. L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd: a. M\u1edf b\u00e0i: N\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng c\u00f3 g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau? b. Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i: - N\u00eau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. Tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u00fd sau: - K\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: + D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. + Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00eau nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: 143","+ Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: lai l\u1ecbch, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, suy ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m... + N\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng. - Ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00eau tr\u00ean. + Gi\u1ed1ng nhau: \u0110\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. + Kh\u00e1c nhau: K\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch quan, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam b\u1edbt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00eau nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, l\u00ed l\u1ebd v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i. K\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn. c. K\u1ebft b\u00e0i: Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. 2.5. N\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe: - Nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn - C\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e0n \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp\u2026 - Trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh khi nghe v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, trao \u0111\u1ed5i - Nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t 2.6. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda: a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: Xem x\u00e9t n\u1ed9i dung \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ch\u01b0a: - T\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o? 144","- L\u00ed l\u1ebd t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - C\u00f3 n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng? - R\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u (di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9... \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0a?) b. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe: - Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i (Y\u0301 ki\u1ebfn, l\u00ed l\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i: s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong truy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng) - T\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd theo d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i - N\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a r\u00f5; m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang. 145","B\u00c0I 5: V\u0102N B\u1ea2N TH\u00d4NG TIN I. KI\u1ebeN TH\u1ee8C NG\u1eee V\u0102N 1. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng tin: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy t\u1eafc, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i - V\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy t\u1eafc, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay t\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng tin n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. - V\u00ed d\u1ee5: quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ca Hu\u1ebf, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c quy t\u1eafc, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i thi n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m\u2026 C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, thi \u0111\u1ea5u. - Th\u00f4ng tin trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy t\u1eafc, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau. 2. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef: Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00e1ch sau: - D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 (c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m t\u00ednh t\u1eeb) b\u1ed5 sung cho t\u1eeb l\u00e0m tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cH\u1ed3i \u1ea5y, r\u1eebng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed5 l\u1eafm.\u201d (\u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi); \u201cTrong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, quan Ph\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng S\u1eafc l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian.\u201d (S\u01a1n T\u00f9ng). 146","- D\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb b\u1ed5 sung cho t\u1eeb l\u00e0m tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cKhi t\u00f4i c\u1ea7m l\u1ecd mu\u1ed1i l\u00ean th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i x\u1ed5m xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh b\u1ebfp.\u201d (\u0110o\u00e0n Gi\u1ecfi); \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f3c qu\u00e1.\u201d (T\u1ea1 Duy Anh). II. \u0110\u1eccC HI\u1ec2U V\u0102N B\u1ea2N: CA HU\u1ebe 1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: 1.1. Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cCa Hu\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb trang web cdsvh.gov.vn c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1.2. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: - Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng tin (Thuy\u1ebft minh, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u) - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t: Thuy\u1ebft minh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m - Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ca Hu\u1ebf tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng 1.3. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n: 3 ph\u1ea7n: - Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cnhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang\u201d: Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ca Hu\u1ebf - Ph\u1ea7n 2: Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cnh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d: M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n x\u01b0\u1edbng ca Hu\u1ebf - Ph\u1ea7n 3: \u0110o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ca Hu\u1ebf 2. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 2.1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ca Hu\u1ebf: - L\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam trong cung \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa, n\u01a1i t\u00f4n mi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phong ki\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i uy nghi, trang tr\u1ecdng. 147","- D\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n gian h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7u d\u00e2n ca, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00f2, \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u00ed \u2026., b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, l\u1ea1c quan, t\u01b0\u01a1i vui. - Ca Hu\u1ebf v\u1eeba s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, t\u01b0\u01a1i vui, v\u1eeba trang tr\u1ecdng, uy nghi 2.2. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n x\u01b0\u1edbng ca Hu\u1ebf: a. Quy t\u1eafc lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ca Hu\u1ebf: - M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n x\u01b0\u1edbng: Kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p - S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n cho m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ca Hu\u1ebf: Kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi - S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ca Hu\u1ebf: H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3ng - S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng: Kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi - S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5: 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 - Phong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n: Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n cho du kh\u00e1ch. b. Kh\u00f4ng gian bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ca Hu\u1ebf: - Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: + Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 quen bi\u1ebft nhau ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nghe v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a nhau + Bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ca Hu\u1ebf - Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n cho du kh\u00e1ch: 148","+ C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ca Hu\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n + M\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u00ec XX, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ca Hu\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i l\u00e0ng, c\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng - Ca Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa, v\u1edbi giai \u0111i\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, mang t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao, l\u1eddi ca gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ca h\u00e1t tinh t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. => H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c thanh l\u1ecbch, tao nh\u00e3 v\u1eeba d\u00e2n d\u00e3 v\u1eeba sang tr\u1ecdng. 2.3. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ca Hu\u1ebf: - L\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n gian chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ca nh\u1ea1c th\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng. - L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015. 2.4. \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc n\u1ed9i dung, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: a. N\u1ed9i dung: Ca Hu\u1ebf kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb h\u00e1t c\u1eeda quy\u1ec1n trong c\u00f9ng vua ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n x\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e0nh cho gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u say m\u00ea ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n gian h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u 149","ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ca Hu\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p. Ca Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong danh m\u1ee5c Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecda phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u0103m 2015. b. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nhan \u0111\u1ec1, sa p\u00f4, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u00eanh ch\u1eef v\u00e0 k\u00eanh h\u00ecnh\u2026thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn sau, t\u1eeb m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0a ra. 3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u: C\u00e2u 1: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ca Hu\u1ebf tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng. G\u1ee3i \u00fd - Ca Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Hu\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 60 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thanh nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u00ed nh\u1ea1c theo hai \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u B\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec7u Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201ch\u01a1i\u201d di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng - Ca Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, mang nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201cchuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p\u201d b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ca t\u1eeb v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n 150"]