Human Needs

Modelphoto 1091

expanded The rooms can be stacked dif- By multiplying the house we generate ferently. But they have to be a small city. The density can be chosen. connected to the shaft wall.

Small site specific MAP 11013



wholistic thinking 1035



needs basic and specific 1057

holistic approach

prototype 1079



1191

expanded

Small site specific MAP 11113

NANNAPAT “AUR” AREESAWATE 3. Year Student | Faculty of Architecture Kasetsart University | Bangkok, Thailand “The proudest thing is the most humble: ask- ing questions about architecture. Try out the most interesting, even unlikely solutions to the questions, and get support from the professor.” M A K AWAT CHUENCHOM 3. Year Student | Faculty of Architecture Kasetsart University | Bangkok, Thailand ON THE AUTONOMOUS “To understand the ‘human needs’ is to under- SPACE: A CASE STUDY stand the system and organization of space that a person needs for life, with nothing wasted. The project taught me a holistic approach; the work led me to challenge myself and learn new skills.” EMMA KATARINA KAUFMANN-LADUC 4. Semester Student | Faculty of Architecture Technische Universität Wien | Vienna, Austria “Working with Aur and Makawat was a won- derful experience; the degree of abstraction we were able to maintain throughout the proj- ect allowed us to translate fluidly from con- cept to design and between one another.”

From the invigorating conversation between Prof. Dr. Chaiwat Satha Anand and Asst. Prof. wholistic thinking Quijxote Nuntanasirivikrom and the three essays from Prof. Emeritus Dr. Anan Ganjanapan, Prof. Dr. Chaiwat Satha Anand and Prof. Dr. Ammar Siamwalla on the history and present situation in urban 1135 and rural Thailand the major factors on architecture—social, political and economical—are comprehen- sively assessed.1 Gracefully transitioning between the abstract and concrete, the architectural pedagogy expands into the space beyond the physical and into the social, political and economical as well as the historical, psychological and anthropological. In this manner, Quijxote Nuntanasirivikrom and Chaiwat Satha Anand begin with the dissection of the term “space” from a simple and physical entity, to reveal the multitude of conceptual approaches. Parallel with Plato’s wisdom, Anand differentiates between a house and houseness, a word that, more aligned with Celanian thought, might not exist in the Oxford Dictionary, but separates the name from the confinement of its corresponding fixed object, allowing growth into infinite conceptualizations and interpretations. In this process of abstraction, on a larger scale, ideas within the field of architecture as well as “economics, psychology, social studies, anthropology and science” are able to share the same plane and interact with one another a countless number of times and ways. The resistance Anand expresses against the labels of “modernism, postmodernism, afterpost- modernism and deconstructivism” on architectural movements reinforces the importance of refraining from concrete terminology, as much is lost in the consequent simplification. Under the concept of mo- dernity, Anand claims, “categorization has to be clear-cut,” which, with the example of the gender binary, might apply to the majority but certainly not to humanity as a whole, and with the example of sexuality, as discussed in the text, is constantly metamorphosing with time, defined once by socio-geographical conditions, but in an increasingly globalized, connected world, “ambiguity is starting to be a norm.” From the anecdotes of individual experiences in Jesper Wachtmeister’s “Microtopia”2 to the aerial view of the urban collective in Andreas Dalsgaard’s “The Human Scale,”3 this ambiguity reveals itself in an overlay of social and infrastructural complexes. Parallel to Jane Rendell’s recuperation of the concept of architecture as a “social condenser,”4 a Russian Constructivist notion that connects material space and community relations, Jan Gehl insists “architecture is the interaction between form and life. And architecture is good only if this interaction works.”5 Essential to his development as a post-modern architect and urban designer, Gehl married a psychologist and began to look carefully after the “human side” of architecture often neglected by planners, found at the infrequented intersection between sociol- ogy, psychology, architecture, and planning. In alignment with the work of Jan Gehl, the tool of scale is also prevalent in Nuntanasirivikrom’s teaching, reinforced in Anand’s determining of “the concept of unitary identity in a person or society” as “nonsensical” for the over- or under-dimensioned spacial situations that result from the neglect of an individual or “human scale.” In accordance, as later stated by Anand: I like to conceptualize key elements like people’s livelihood, life changes, or economic changes. I usually start with the big picture first then boil it down to an individual’s life to see how they’re connected. Emphasized further is one within the many, and the corresponding necessity of scale. The exploration into the human needs circumvents the pitfall of generalization and begins di- rectly on such a “human scale,” limited within a predetermined scale of humans: six individuals in Thailand [Fig. 1] as well as three in Austria [Fig. 2], varying in demographics (gender, age, religious af- filiation or occupational status), express their daily needs, functional and extrafunctional, to be analyzed and translated into common space [Fig. 5]. Whereas the functional align strongly with one another and the spatialization of Abraham Maslow’s deficiency needs, the extrafunctional vary from person to per- son to reflect the nature of being needs [Fig. 3, 4], as expressed in his thoughtpiece A Theory of Human Motivation.6 With the scale of humans limited to nine, abstraction was required where statistical representa- tion was insufficient, individuals standing for a collective. To address any peripheral variables in order to accommodate for errors, or, to acknowledge the uncertainties as such in the holistic process, is as important as considering all known parts within the whole. At once contradictory, thesis and antithesis, the holistic surpasses the esoteric in disclosing the whole as partial and synecdochical, as fragmentary and flawed.

Sleeping space Cleaning space Eating space Specific space [Fig. 1] Thai interviews. 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Chef (Catholic) Restaurant, pet space, entertainment space Chef (Buddhist) Vendor, exercise space, entertainment space Student (Muslim) Prayer space, work space, entertainment space Worker Green space, fish space, entertainment space Local Student Community space, entertainment space Work space, entertainment space [Fig. 2] Austrian interviews. 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Student, Barista (American) Work space, entertainment space Dishwasher (Polish) Entertainment space, communications Architect, Professor (German) Work space, communications

To approach this assignment cNonucnetapntBuaasAilrlyiS-, IC NEEDS needs basic and specific following the pedagogy of Quijxote vikrom and Chaiwat Satha Anand,1 I turn to the Being Needs Self- deconstruction of the “functional” and the “spe- Actualization cific” needs, which lie not in a binary, but a vector with distinct direction, often represented in pyra- Deficiency Needs Psychological Needs mid form: Abraham Harold Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.6 This representation shows the reliance on the psychological and self-fulfillment needs—or, in Physiological Needs a similar theory, the former being the ego and the latter the superego—on the basic needs—in Freud- [Fig. 3] ian thought, the id.7 Fulfilling the foundational level of food, wa- Private Deficiency Needs Being Needs ter, warmth and rest through spatial means, a trio of traditional spaces come to mind—traditional not in the conservative sense, but in the DarwiniaSn,PhEavCinIgFIC NEEDS Sleeping space 䐀 䔀 一RGeasrdtaeunrant 匀吀唀䐀夀 䄀刀䔀䄀 withstood generations 䘀o䄀f 一selection 䰀p伀re唀s一su䜀r䔀es within 吀嘀 䜀䄀刀 society—the kitchen, the bathroom, and the bed- Workshop room. The first consists then of adequate storage and Desk preparation space for food and the utilities needed Cleaning space Multifaith space to prepare it; the second consists then of a toilet for Exercise room waste removal and 圀a 䄀s匀h䠀ow䔀刀er for䌀伀se䴀lf䴀-m唀a一i䤀n吀t夀enance䘀,䤀匀䠀䤀一䜀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀 Petroom as well as hot and cold water through the plumbing; 䈀䄀吀䠀 Storage space the third consists of a bed of comfortable length and Eating space .... width that promotes re䘀s䄀t.一Retainin䰀g伀t唀h一ei䜀r䔀purpose, 吀嘀 匀吀唀䐀夀 䄀刀䔀䄀 䜀䄀刀䐀䔀一 Public the spaces are then stripped of their quotidian termi- nologies of “bedroom,” “kitchen” and “bathroom” [Fig. 4] and replaced for the generic terms of “sleeping,” “cleaning” and “eating space” to minimize societal Deficiency Needs Being Needs stringencies and traj圀ec䄀to匀r䠀i䔀es刀 of as䌀s伀um䴀䴀pt唀io一n䤀s吀.夀 䘀䤀匀䠀䤀一䜀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀 䈀䄀吀䠀 To assume satisfaction of all deficien- cy-needs (D-needs), or the four underlying layers of Maslow’s hierarchy, which decrease motivation as needs are met, accommodates for the process of Sleeping space Garden self-actualization, or being-needs (B-needs), which Restaurant exhibit the inverse effect. Through the narrow scope Workshop of the three interviews resonates a prominent idea of Maslow on this apex of human needs: Desk Multifaith space The specific form that these needs will take will Exercise room of course vary greatly from person to person. In Petroom Storage space one individual it may take the form of the desire to be an ideal mother, in another it may be ex- Cleaning space pressed athletically, and in still another it may be expressed in painting pictures or in inventions.6 That the final process of seeking personal growth and peak experiences, becoming “everything one is capable of becoming,” does not necessarily take place in a physical space, makes it difficult to enable architecturally. The simplest solution is to create ge- Eating space neric space to accommodate the various forms these being needs may take, allowing the motivations of self-actualization to begin. [Fig. 5] 1157 GSEducationalVersion

holistic approach [Fig. 6] In Frank Stella’s Marriage of Reason and [Fig. 7] Squalor [Fig. 6], the thin white lines are not painted; GSEducationalVersion [Fig. 8] they are gaps between the black bands in which the raw canvas is visible. Both elements reflect the Der- ridean concept of Trace—“absence of a presence, an always-already absent present”—and infer an ex- pansion beyond the dimensions of the canvas. Without surpassing a planal setting, the al- lusion of space plays out between the visual, vestibu- lar, and proprioceptive sensory inputs and results in an idle spatial orientation. Appropriating the same speculative qualities, installation artist James Tur- rell works with sources of light upon an overlay of planes and sources of light to imply space that tran- scends the physical; described by architectural theo- rist Robin Evans, “only by deduction can you main- tain either the depth of the room or the emptiness of it, for the light looks, if not solid, then incredibly dense, as if its luminosity would not so much reveal the image of anything thrust into it as devour it.”9 From the lens of the secular to the sacred, Vittorio Pier Aureli expands upon the third and final dimension to establish a concept of a generic space in his theoretical and visual works on Rituals and Walls: Architecture of Sacred Space [Fig. 7]: The Basilica represents a generic space where every direction is possible... this unresolvedness can be seen to reflect the essence of human na- ture, as an animal species with a lack of special- ised instincts that makes us forever alien in this world. Within this condition, the world appears as an infinite realm of possibilities—and the Ro- man basilica was quite possibly the first building to manifest this condition by giving it a form, that is a generic form.8 The concept that resonates throughout these works is defined by a discrepancy between physical and implied space; in the case of Stella, through two-di- mensional, linear form; in the case of Turrell, through two-dimensional planes occupying the third dimension; in the case of Aureli, through three-di- mentional kinaesthesic spatial organization. The prototype as presented in this case study accumulates both this notion of generic space as it expands transcendentally in all dimensions and the theoretical analysis of human needs; the result- ing physical space remains fixed while the psycho- logical space implies growth through expansion into the vertical and horizontal. Manifested in axes of sight and movement, this multi-directional form es- tablishes an “unresolved” space that resonates with the human condition [Fig. 8-11].

prototype [Fig. 9] Concept model, 1:50. Sleeping space Personal space Sleeping space 3.84 m2 3.84 m2 3.84 m2 Cleaning space Mixed space Cleaning space 3.84 m2 3.84 m2 3.84 m2 Eating space Community space 5.76 m2 GSEducationalVersion GSEducationalVersion [Fig. 10] Concept view, 1:100. [Fig. 11] Concept section, 1:100. 1179

The expansion of the prototype proceeds on a natural course in translation, back to back and side to side, without limitations. The function moves the prototype a unit distance and reduces overall foot- bring with each adjunct prototype, while retaining the conceptual expansion into the horizontal and vertical directions [Fig. 12, 13]. [Fig. 12] Axonometric projection. GSEducationalVersion [Fig. 13] Expansion model, 1:100. References. 1 Ammar Siamwalla, Anan Ganjanapan, Chaiwat Satha Anand, Onsiri Panin, Chaiboon Sirithanawat, Quijxote Nuntanasirivikrom: Seven Decades of Houses in Thailand 1946-2016. 2 Wachtmeister, Jesper. “Microtopia” (2013). GSEducationalVersion 3 Dalsgaard, Andreas. “The Human Scale” (2012). 4 Rendell, Jane. The Architecture of Psychoanalysis: Spaces of Transition. Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. 5 Jan Gehl, Cities for People. 6 Maslow, Abraham. A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 1943. 7 Freud, Sigmund. Beyond the pleasure principle. 1920. 8 Aureli, Vittorio Pier. Rituals and Walls, Architecture of Sacred Space. AA, 2016. 9 Evans, Robin. Translations from Drawing to Building. MIT Press, 1997.

The site design retains the division of spaces Deficiency Needs Being Needs into “sleeping,” “cleaning” and “eating” as extracted Sleeping space from Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs, decending from Cleaning space Garden the public on the ground floor to the private on the Restaurant top floor. The individual rooms are adapted to three Workshop users from the interviews—the Catholic, the Bud- dhist and the Muslim—as diverse as the site itself. Desk Multifaith space Eating space Exercise room GSEducationalVersion Petroom Storage space [Fig. 14] Sleeping space Sleeping space Sleeping space Garden space Cleaning space Entertainment space Community space [Fig. 15] Eating space Exercise room Pet space Restaurant Chess table Sitting space [Fig. 16] Sections 1:100. 1291



Located in the Thon Buri District of Bang- Small site specific kok, the Kudi Chin neighborhood dates back to the MAP Ayutthaya period and is home to several faiths liv- ing in close proximity of eachother. After Ayatthaya, the historic capital of the Siamese Kingdom, was de- stroyed in the Burmese-Siamese War in 1767, King Taksin moved the capital to Thon Buri and relocat- ed both the Chinese decendents and Portuguese set- tlers, in recognition of their support in defeating the Burmese army, to the Kudi Chin neighborhood, now coined the Old Portuguese community. The multicul- tural neighborhood saw a mix of Catholics, Muslims and Buddhists live in peace for more than 200 years. The site finds itself amidst this densly built residential area, accessible only by narrow walk- ways. The microclimate is significantly cooler than the surrounding neighborhoods due to the imme- diate presence of vegetation between the site and the Chao Phraya River. The static air heated from the concrete sidewalk along the riverbank is fun- neled upwards in a thermal chimney effect, carry- ing with it the heat of the surrounding buildings, and proceeds to circulate from the riverbank to the green area adjacent to the side, where it is cooled within the broad leaves of the deciduous trees. In close consideration of the preexisting infrastructure and social systems, while pursu- ing the concept of expansion into the multi-di- rectional space through axes of sight and move- ment, a site-specific design results [Fig. 14-20]. Cross laminated wood board ⴀ㈀⸀　 ⴀ㄀⸀㄀　 ⬀ⴀ　⸀　 Teng wood tread 203,2 x 50,8 mm Teng stringer Teak wood floor plank 203,2 x 25,4 mm Teng wood joist 152,4 x 50,8 mm Teng wood beam 203,2 x 50,8 mm Actuated fasteners [Fig. 20] Site design model, 1:100. DETAIL 02 | 1:10 11213 Stair—Wall Stair soffit attached to shaft wall

SHARING SPACE Iulia Petcu Vienna University of Technology Veeraya Namkaew Faculty of architecture, Kasetsart University Natha Jittiprawat Faculty of architecture, Kasetsart University

wholistic thinking How do we relate to each other? How much room do I really need to live in? First we shape our city the our city shape us. Bigger is better => smaller is smarter. Not “my space” but “our space.” 1235

AUSTRIAN 06.00 07.00 08.00 09.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 ARCHITECTURE -WAKE UP -STUDY AT UNIVERSITY STUDENT -TAKE A SHOWER -HAVE A BREAKFAST -HAVE A DINNER -TAKE A SHOWER -GO TO BED PROFESSOR -WAKE UP -TAKE -WORK AT UNIVERSITY A SHOWER -WATCH TV -HAVE A DINNER -TAKE A SHOWER -GO TO BED NURSE -WAKE UP -TAKE -WORK AT HOSPITAL A SHOWER -HAVE A DINNER -TAKE A SHOWER -GO TO BED THAI 06.00 07.00 08.00 09.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 RAISING -BOIL HERBS -WIPE FIGHTING -WIPE ROOSTERS WITH -RELAX ROOSTERS ROOSTERS -FEED ROOSTERS HERBS WITH COOL -LET THEM REST SELLING -TAKE THEM SUN-SOAK WATER DRIED -TAKE ROOSTERS HERBS IN THEIR COOPS -TAKE THEM BACK TO THEIR -CLEAN ROOSTERS SUN-SOAK COOPS AND LET IN THEIR THEM SLEEP THROAT TO MAKE SURE COOPS THERE'S NO PHLEGM IN HIS THROAT INDOOR -OPEN THE SHOP & SELL DRIED HERBS SELLING -WAKE UP -SELLING CLOTHES CLOTHES -TAKE A SHOWER -READ BOOKS -PRAY TO THE BUDDHA -PLAY GAMES -OPEN THE SHOP -WATCH MOVIES FROM THE PHONE -TAKE A SHOWER -DINING -PRAY TO THE BUDDHA -WATCH TELEVISION -GO TO BED

AUSTRIAN BED DINING ROOM LIVING ROOM needs basic and specific BASIC NEEDS KITCHEN TOILET SHOWER SPECIFIC NEEDS LIVIENG ROOM SPORT THAI TERRACE YARD BASIC NEEDS BED DINING ROOM COMMUNICATE KITCHEN TOILET SHOWER SPECIFIC NEEDS RAISING CHICKENS HERBS RELAX PLAYING CHESS 1257

holistic approach MARKET Our site is an empty space in between two shop houses. Resulting from the demolition of previous building, currently the space is used by public as a transition from the main street to the inner community. On one hand, the mentioning public necessity defines the prerequisite condition for our programme. While, on the other hand we seek an opportunity of the structure left in situ for providing the optimization of space while maintain public interest. Also we see a possibility to introduce small shops along the transitional walk way, thus brings the liveliness atmosphere here. SOLAR PANELS VENTILATION RAIN WATER COLLECTION LIVING WALL MODULARITY CONSTRUCTION ON PILLARS EXISTING LIVING WALL SYSTEM

prototype 'SEQUENCE' is a initial of the prototype. From the concept, users have basic needs. But we want this new community to share areas such as cooking areas or common areas. We cut out the public areas of each unit. Therefore, each unit has a bed, a bathroom and a flexible space for some personal activities. 5 M. Flexible space 2 M. Common Space COMMON SPACE / 1279 SHARING SPACE Some common area is used by some specific, such as chickens raising area.

Circulation Units EXISTING STRUCTURE The narrow space on the ground level is maintained as a public walkway, while the living space is provided on the upper level. The planning takes advantage from the existing columns and beams of adjacent two buildings. A pair of column is used for holding a living unit as well as the usage of existing beam in some position. These existing structure are the prerequisite condition of positioning a unit in this Sharing Space. 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND GROUND

Existing Structure 1391

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012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23h mila age | 61 origin | carcaixent / spain profile | rural currect location | valencia / spain profile | urban occupation | nurse profile | worker + urban + elderly + local specific needs | small office + space for creative activities + space to listen to music 012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23h katya age | 27 origin | moscow / russia profile | mega-city currect location | milan / italy profile | urban occupation | economics student profile | young + urban + student + foreign specific needs | balcony with flowers and a place to sit + wardrobe + office 012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23h alberto age | 28 origin | arco / italy profile | rural currect location | verona / italy profile | small urban occupation | teacher of physical education profile | worker + rural + young + local specific needs | big table [working and eating] + space to listen to music + place for parking + connection with nature time at home sleep specific occupation basic needs food water warmth rest

012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23h needs basic and specific elderly age | 56 currect location | bangkok / thailand profile | mega-city occupation | roti seller profile | worker + urban + elderly + local specific needs | area to prepare and sell food + watch tv 012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23h rural age | 43 currect location | bangkok / thailand profile | mega-city occupation | omelette rice seller profile | worker + urban + elderly + local specific needs | area to prepare and sell food + iron + area to relax 012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23h student age | 9 currect location | bangkok / thailand profile | mega-city occupation | primary school student profile | student + urban + young + local specific needs | area to do his homework + area to play specific needs prepare food sell food watch tv relax iron do homework play listen music creativity balcony office storage big table garage 1355

holliisstticicaapppproraocahch good holistic human design design needs good design human needs sustainability sustainability minimalism basic recycled materials functionality psychological presence of green self-fullfillment flexibility clean energy on holistic design Holistic thinking consists in an approach that considers a system cannot only be reduced to the sum of its parts but instead be considered as a whole in which they work together as a new organism; regarding the case of design and architecture, it could be specified by assuming that a project (e.g. a housing project) is not only to be viewed, thought and analysed by its separated aspects such as its construction or its aesthetics, but instead considered as a system in which many aspects are taking part and affect each other. For us as architects and designers, it results fundamental to approach our tasks with a holistic mind-set in which we put the users of our designed spaces in the middle of the design process; it as well results vital to consider who will take part in the project and let them join in a conversation with them to be able to understand their specific needs and how our job can help them fulfil their chores and ultimately, help improve their life conditions. In our work it is required from us to take a long-term commitment with the future inhabitants and users of the project. During the design process we must then, avoid its completion by isolated parts; instead of seeing the project parts, we must think further, seeing it as a whole in which these parts work as an organism. It results of big importance as well, to regard and include the local specificities and social conditions in the design process. We must be able to see further in the future of the project, we must ask ourselves how our design will be capable of adapting to the coming needs and conditions. We must aim to bring in the people in the design process, its needs, its desires… in order to be able to make a not only a functional and aesthetic project, but a home where people feel well and more than their basic needs are covered. maslow’s basic psychological self-realization hierarchy of needs psysiological + belongliness + achieving one’s potential + safety needs esteem needs creativity

prototype plants as dust + clean open dirt filter energy floorplans no sound small m2 + sustainable pollution high m3 materials abundant rainwater natural prototype shadow collection forces ideation’s sketch design principles adaptable living module [basic and specific needs of its users] possibiblity of extension [flexible stucture, position and design of the stairs] low cost construction [local and sustainable or recycled materials] energetic efficiency [solar panels and water harvesting] 1 23 45 small floor plan + sound pollution protection + open floorplans + usage of sustainable / photovoltaic energy + big volume = abundant shadow = plants as dust and dirt filter = local / recycled materials = rainwater harvesting = exterior shell usage of natural forces usage of bamboo auto-sufficent prototype stackage of living units 13777

specific uses presence of green private units wet [kitchen and toilet]

constructive details prototype beam sustaining pv panel roof’s support beam roof’s main support beam lashing beam attaching the stairs to the structure secondary beam for the stairs’ structure bamboo column lashing main beam lattice wall 13999

exppaannddeedd expanded 11 || aaddddiittiioonn ooff sseeccoonndd ttoowweerr 22 || aaddddiittiioonn ooff bbaassiicc mmoodduulleess 33 || aaddddiittiioonn ooff ssppeecciiffiicc mmoodduulleess bbaassiicc eexxppaannddeedd pprroottoottyyppee lliivviinngg ++ wweett fflleexxiibbiilliittyy ooff tthhee ssttrruuccttuurree ttoo ppoossssiibbllee ffuuttuurree aadddd--oonn’’ss 1 | addition of second tower 2 | addition of basic modules basic expanded prototype living + wet 3 | addition of specific modules flexibility of the structure to possible future add-on’s pprriivvaattee uunniittss wweett uusseess pprreesseennccee ooff ggrreeeenn ssppeecciiffiicc uusseess private units wet uses presence of green specific uses N N 00..55 0.5 11..55 1.5 33 3 88 mm 8 m ggrroouunnddfflloo oo rrg roundfloor ffiirrsstt lleevvee ll //f ittrhhsiitrr ddle vlleeevvl ee/ llthird level sseeccoonndd ll eesvveeeclol nd level rrooooff roof [[eennttrraannccee ++ kk[eiittcnchhtreeannc++egg+rreekeeitcnnheeerryyn]]+ greene[[rttyoo]iilleett ++ pprriivv[taaottieele++t +ssppeericcviaiffiitcce]]+ specific] [[pprriivvaattee ++[ssppprieevaccitiffeiicc+]] specific] [[ssoollaarr ppaa[snnoeelllassr]] panels]

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SUSANNEZOTTL NORBERTSTEINER VISITING CRITS IN THE STUDIO (MIDREVIEW AND FINAL REVIEW) The human nneeeedd.s..... - Susanne Zottl & Norbert Steiner

SUSANNEZOTTL NORBERTSTEINER VISITING CRITS IN THE STUDIO (MIDREVIEW AND FINAL REVIEW) The human nneeeedd.s..... 1. At the end of the final presentation of this design studio, the students offered Marlies Breuss a glass pot with a lid on it. In it some small plants and moss created an independent environment. The humidity locked in this entity will keep the plants inside alive; the fertile ground will nourish them. A very thoughtful gift, that - invites us to further thoughts: 2. Marlies’ students accepted the challenge and entered into this particular studio‘s environment. The four months of intense work had the potential to make them re-think design approaches they were trained and used to so far. The task offered the fertile ground for a productive process and long lasting experiences. 3. The design studio questions necessities we would not necessarily question: █How much space do we really need; living together and living individually? █What material would we build our houses of if we would have to build in another part of this world? █How would we define the threshold between the inside and the outside if the climate would be so radically different from the one that we are here trying to negotiate in every project? █How would building in a different culture und climate influence our approach to architectural design in general? █Can we bridge the physical gap and cooperate as an international team despite the obvious differences and in favor of the connecting aims? 4. Opening the lid…. „The human needs“ aims at passing over boundaries in various aspects: The profession of an architect by its nature is strongly linked to rules and regulations, conclusions out of experiences, careful and farseeing decisions. And yet it is also the architect’s responsibility to push the boundaries of the profession, to question given tasks and to embrace a field of knowledge that is constantly growing and moving. 143

Eldar Hajdarevic

living in between cultures living in between cultures an idea Sanomideetaimes there are moments when a particular idea comes into your mind in a very different way than you Shaodmtehtoimugehstthitebreefoarree. mSoumddeenntslywshoemneathpinagrthicauslacrhiadnegaecdomineysouinrtopeyrocuerpmtioind, iinnyaovuer rtyhidnikffienrgetnhtawt aleytsthyaonuyou uhnadethrsotaungdhtditiffbeerfeonrtely. Sthueddweanylythsinogmseathrein.gGhraoswicnhgaunpgeind ainmyouultircpueltrucreapl tsiounrr,oiunnydoinugr twhinthkidnigffethreant tleatpspyrouaches utonwdaerrdsstalnifde dleifafedrseynotluy thoethwinakyathbionugtscaurletu.rGe raonwdinidgeunptitiyn farommuyltoicuurlteuararllysyuerraorusnodnin. gThweirthe dairfefeorenntthaepopnroeahcahneds tohewatrraddsitliiofensletaradnssymouittetodtbhyinykoaubroruetlactuivletusrecoanncdeirdneinngtitay farormawyaoyuraenadrmly eyreealyrsuonnk.nTohwenrehoamreeolanntdh,eaocnueltuhraend stheeiztirnagdtitoioenxsisttrabnustmdiettsepdebrayteyloyugrrraeslapteivdeisn coordnecer rtnoinbge amfaairntaawinaeyda. nTdhemreeraerley ounktnhoewonthheormhaenladntdh,eaccuultluturrael bseihzainvgiotuorsexainstdbliuvtindgesfepaetruarteeslyogf rtahsepceudrrinenotrsdoecriteotybyeomu aliivnetainin,eind.rTehaelitryetahreeoonnlythoeneotyhoeur hcanddtirheectclyultural bcoenhnaevicotuwrsitha,nbdultivainlsgofoenaetutrheastoaflwthaeyscusrereenmt ssotocisettayyyionusloivmeeinw, ainyrfeoarelitigynthneeovenrlythoenleesyso.Tuhceaindedairethcatltyis cfoornmnuelcattewdituh,ncbount saclsioouosnlyeinthtahtisaldweaeypslyseroeomtesdtomsintadyseint issotmhaet woaf aynfoinreteigrnwenaevienrgth, einletesrsc.hTahnegiidnegaotfhtarat disitions faonrdmbuelahteadviouunrcso,nascsioorut solfycinolltahgisedoefecpulylturroeost.eTdhmeinmdinsedtcisonthdaittioonfsa,nthientwerawyeoafvliinfeg,aindtelracthearnthgeinagpopfrtoracdhitions atonwdabrdeshathveiopuros,feassioornt aolf wcolrlkagseeeomf ceudlttuoreaslw. Tahyse bmeinrdooctoenddiintiothnis,„tchueltwuraayl ionf-blifeetwaenednl“a.tTehrethdeeasipgpnrosatucdhio „toTwhearHdsumthaenpNroefedss“iobnraoluwgohrtkbsaecekmtheadt tpoaartliwcualyasr ibdeearoionteodminy tmhisnd„caunltdurraelwinro-bteetiwt oenecne“.Tahgeaidneinsitgonasntuedwio d„TimheenHsuiomna. nReNmeedmsb“ebrrinogugthhet bdaiscckusthsaiotnpsawrtitchultahreidsteuadeinnttos,mthyemir idnidffearenndtrbeawcrkogteroiutnodnsceanadgsapineciniftiocaallynethweir adpimperonasciohnt.oRaenmuenmknboewrinngatnhde fdaisr cauwsasyioncuslwtuirthaltehenvsirtuodnemnetsn,ttehxepiradnifdfeerdenmt ybamcikngdrsoeutnadnsdanstdasrtpeedctifoiceanllyricthhetihr is athpopurogahct.h to an unknown and far away cultural environment expanded my mindset and started to enrich this thought. The idea suddenly seemed to rearrange and to expand into a broader concept. The interweaving of dTihffeeriednetahsuumddaennblyehsaeveimouerds,tothreeaerxrcahnagnegaenodf tvoaerixopuasnsdetinstofaknborowaleddegr ecoanncdeptrta.dTithioenisntaenrwdetraavninsgpoorfting them dalilffaeroeunnt dhuthmeawn obreldhacvainoubres,utsheedeaxschaasnugbesotafnvtaiarilogulosbsaeltsopopfokrntuonwitley.dIgfeelat nthdattradpitriocnessasnwdatrsasntsaprtoerdti,nogntehem tahllaat reovuonkdesthae cwoollreldctcivaencbueltuursee-dspaasnaninsugbmstianndt,iaal mglionbdaol foaplpl ohrutumnaitnyi.tyI fienltwthaicthasporlouctieosns waraesgsatathrteerde,done thoagteethveorkiensoardceorllteocrtievaecchunlteuwre-pseprasnpneicntgivemsi.nTdh, ea Bmainlkdanofaarltlishtusmbandity“Sinowpohti“chinsoonluetioofntsheairresgoantghserpeudts it like thoigse: t“hWerhoinwoordueldr thoarveeatchhoungehwt pthearst poeucrtriveeasli.tyTchoenBsaisltksaonuatrotifstasnbianntedrw“Soovpeont“enineorgneetiocfntehtecirosnonnegcstinpgutasllit like tbheisin:g“Ws ihnotowoonueldcohlalevcetitvheobuogdhyt ?th“aInt othuer reenadlittyhceorensisistthsisouimt opfoartnanint tleifrewloevsesnonentheartgoenticlynneotwcocnonmeecstintog malyl mbeinindg.sWinetocaonnelecaornllewchtivoewbeoadrye?“juIsnttbhye leonodkinthgearet oisutrhsieslvimespofrrotamntalidfeiffleersesnotnptohinat ofnvlyienwo.wPceorhmaepss ttohims yis mwhinadt.cWuletucreanisleaallranbwohuot. we are just by looking at ourselves from a different point of view. Perhaps this is what culture is all about. EMldSacr, HDaejpdaarrtemveicnt of Building Construction and Design 2 (HB2), Vienna University of Technology MSc, Department of Building Construction and Design 2 (HB2), Vienna University of Technology 145 145

acknowledgement & imprint Kindly supported by Vienna University of Technology, DFaecpualrttymoefnAtrocfhBiteuciltduirnegaCnodnPstlaruncntinogn and Design 2 (HB2), Kasetsart University Bangkok, Faculty of Architecture, Austrian Embassy in Bangkok to celebrate 150 Years of Friendship between Thailand and Austria in 2019. Special thanks to Gerhard Steixner for the invitation and the whole HB2 team 2019 for their full support, Quijxote Nuntanasirivikrom for his immediate commitment to this experimental designstudio, Suchon Mallikamarl for his generous participation during all phases of the studio and publishing process and HOLODECK architects team for their assistance during the designstudio and graphic design period. Footnotes a humanitarianism approach towards architecture, Quijxote Nuntanasirivikoromm,,ppaaggee88-9-9 Nuntanasirivikrom, Q. ‘Seven Decades of Houses in Thailand 1946-2016’, The Association of Siamese Architects under Royal Patronage (asa) 2018. 1 interview: Professor Emeritus Dr. Anan GAnjanapan, 29th January 2017, Chiangmai ² interview: Professor Dr. Chaiwat Satha Anand, 20th March 2018, Bangkok ³ interview: Professor Dr. Ammar Siamwalla 16th January 2018, Thailand Development Research Institute, Bangkok Photo Credits © Gerhard Steixner, cover doublepage inside © HOLODECK architects, austrian embassy bangkok, photography Ketsiree Wongwan, page 2 © Student projects: site#1 I Patit Jainkittivong, Siraphop Hongsakul, site#2 I Natnon Pornvoraphat, Nut Thumumnuaysook, site#3-4 I Auckanee Jarupokawat,Pichcha Suwannawong, Thunpicha Uchupuj Sai, site#5 I Karnthida Weerasai, Nongnaphat Seanruk, Nutnicha Kitjaorapin, Tawan Ittarat, site#6 I Achiraya Nuangjumnong, Chanikan Wichanphon, Netchanok Sungkhow, site#7 I Conticha Srinin, Hathaichanok Jeawkok, Nattapong Dumrongsatien, Pitsanu Aupan, site#8 I Makawat Chuenchom, Nannapat Areesawate, Tistaya Thuspittaya, Watsamon Jangdee, site#9 I Kritsana Duangnin, Natha Jittiprawat, Veeraya Namkaew, Warisara Chutraku © Suchon Mallikamarl, page 144 © Nelles Verlag GmbH, Germany, Bangkok and greater Bangkok Map, Edition 2012, back doublepage inside

Concept Publication MCoanrlcieespBt rPeuubsslication Marlies Breuss Coordination Designstudio and Publication SCuocohrodninMataiollinkaDmeasrilgnstudio and Publication MSuacrlhieosn BMreaullisksamarl Marlies Breuss Graphics Masterlayout NGaratppaht iTcrsiraMttaasntaetrhluamyorountg NKiaratpaRtöTbrliirtazttanathumrong Kira Röblitz Graphics Projects GStruadpehnitctseaPmrosjedcetssigned their project presentation in the publication themselves Student teams designed their project presentation in the publication themselves Translations German to English TErmamnsalaKtaiotanrsinGaeKramuafmn atonnE-Lnagdliusch EMmarmlieasKBarteaurisnsa Kaufmann-Laduc Marlies Breuss Editorial MEdairtlioersiaBlreuss and Friends Edition, 400 Copies consecutively numbered, PMrainrltieeds oBnreGusreseannOdfFfsreietn1d0s0EPdsitmionp,a4p0e0r 4C/o4,pCieosvceornusnepcruintitvHelayrndubmoabredre2dm,m Debossing, EPrxipnotesdedonspGinreecnaOseffsbeotu1n0d0PPascmkinpga,pHear r4d/c4o, vCeor,vSerizuen2p0rixn2t 9Hcamrd,b1o5a2rdP2amgems,DEenbgolissshinLga,nguage. WExepoaspeodlosgpizineetocasllefobrouunnsdeePnacmkisntga,kHesaradncdovtoert,hSoisze w20hxo2s9e cnmam, 1e5s2wPeahgaevse, EfanilgeldishtoLmanegnutiaogne. . MWaedaeppoolosgsiizbeletoinapllafrotrbuyntsheeegnemneisrtoauksespaonndstoorsthoipseofwthheosTehaniaGmaersdewneRheasvoertfaPilaetdtatyoam. ention. Made possible in part by the generous sponsorship of the Thai Garden Resort Pattaya. Published by MHOarLliOesDBErCeKusasrcwhitithecFtrsie, nFdrisedarnicdhFsatrcauslstye o6f, A1r0c1h0iteVcietunrnea, ,KAaussettrsiaart University 5P0ruinbNtliegsdahmebdywboPynagrHbwOpaiLmnORCDooEa.CLdt,KdJ.a, rt4cu5hja/i1tke2,c-Bt1sa4,n,F3gr3kieoMdkroi1co0h49s,0trB0aasTnshegak6iala,nn1od0o1+n06, 6BV2aien9ng4nk2ar,u8Aa9yu6,s0Ntrioanthaburi 11130 Printed by Parbpim Co.Ltd., 45/12-14,33 Moo 4, Bangkanoon, Bangkruay, Nonthaburi 11130 Copyright by the authors, students, photographers for their works C©o2p0y1ri9ghMtabryliethseBareuuthsosrsa,nsdtuFdrieenntdss, pEhdoitioognraphers for their works, All rights reserved ©Pri2n0te1d9 iMn aTrhliaeislaBnrdeuss and Friends Edition Printed in Thailand ISBN ISBN 978-616-278-534-4 HHBB22 HOLODECK architectsvienna.austria.europe 147 HOLODECK architectsvienna.austria.europe 147